ML20090K719

From kanterella
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Requests Relief from Inservice Exam Requirements. Requirements for Exams Found in Section XI of ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code.Brief Description of Attachments Listed
ML20090K719
Person / Time
Site: Comanche Peak Luminant icon.png
Issue date: 03/12/1992
From: William Cahill
TEXAS UTILITIES ELECTRIC CO. (TU ELECTRIC)
To:
NRC OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IRM)
References
TXX-92138, NUDOCS 9203190250
Download: ML20090K719 (20)


Text

L Mi

==

5 Log

  1. 1XX-92138 l

=

file # 1001')

" I ""SU'55" TUELECTRIC March 12, 1992 Wlillam J. Cahill, Jr, Gmap Vu e nn.stre U. S. Nur19ar Regulatory Commission Atto:

Document Control Desk Washington, DC 20555 5JBJECT:

COMANCHE PEAK STEAM ELECTPIC STATION (CPSES)-UNIT 1 DOCKET NO. 50-445 INSERVICE INSPECTION PROGRAM RELIEF RfQUESTS Gentlemen:

This letter requests relief f rom the inservice examination requirements.

The requirements f or the examinations are found in Section XI of the ASME Foiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

The relief requests and related sketches are found in the attachments to this letter.

A brief description of the attactments (relief requetts) is as follcws:

Attachnent 1 Relief Request:

B-1 Item:

RV closure head to flange weld and RV closure head ring to dise weld.

[> amination Reauirements:

Table:

lWB-2500-1 Category:

B-A ltem No.:

Bl.40 Relief Request:

B-2 Item:

Pipe to moment restraint circumf erential weld.

E xamination Requirement s:

Table:

IWB-2500-1 Category:

B-J ltem No.:

B9.11 I

/

s namn, y

9203190250 920312

i. O. Boi IM 2 Okn Rose, Texas 76N31(02

.PDR ADOCK 05000445 V

FDR

[' '

i

'1X/-92138 Page 2 of 3 Relief Request:

B-3 Item:

Pipe to reducing norgle circumferential weld, fxamination Requirements:

Tat'le:

!WB-2500-1 Category:

B-J ltem No.:

09.11 4

Att.ichment 4 Relief Request:

C-2

)

! tem:

Residual Heat Exchanger (RHR) Head to Shell Welf and RHR Sheli to flange Weld.

Examination Fequirement5:

lable:

IWC-2500-1 Category:

C-A lten No.: Cl.10 and Cl-2L kelief Request:

C-3 item:. Elbow and pipe circ amf erential welds.

l' Examination Requirements: ' fable:

!WC-2500-1 Category:

C-f-l itom Nn.: C5.21 l

r L

l l

Relief Request:

C-4 i

I t erm:

Piping Integral Welded Attachments.

Examination Requirements:

Table:

!WC-2500-1 Category:

C-C Item No.:

C3.20 l

l l

i i

e TxN-9213P Page 3 of 3 Attachnent 7 Reliet Request:

f-l item:

Component Supports E.tamination Requirements:

Table:

IWF-1300 We request that your approval be provided by July 31, 1992.

Sincerely, g

- [

k r,

William J. Cahill, Jr.

OB/tg Attachments c

Mr. R. D. Martin, Region IV Mr. T. A. Bergman, NRR Mr. G.

By nog. 101. 5

[

Resioent inspectors (2) ma

I.to TXX-92138 Page.1 of 3 l

1 Relief Request B-1 Code Year: 1986 Edition, No Addenda ASME Section XI j

Items for'Which Relief is Requested:

RV closure head to flange weld-l (TBX-1-1300-1) and RV closure head ring to disc weld (TBX-1-1300-2).

See attached drawing.

Code Class:

1 Examination Requirements:

Table:

IWB-2500-1 Examination Category:

B-A Item No.:

81.40 Table IWB-2500-1, Category B-A Item No. Bl.40 requires volumetric and surface examination of the reactor vessel head to flange weld'and Item No. B1.21 requires volumetric examination of the reactor vessel circumferential head

?

welds, The Plan requires that 1/3 of each of these welds be examined each period.

}

- Basis for Relief:

1/3 of walds TBX-1-1300-1 and TBX-1-1300-2 were ultrasonically examined to the maximum crtent possible, i

however, a portion of'each was unable to be-examined due to limitations encountered from the flange, shroud and a 4

lifting lug.

Required surface exam was performed and resulted ir no indications, See attached Limitation to Examination sheet.

Alternate Examinat-ion:

None Safety impact: -lhe majority of each of these welds was examined and yielded no. indications, There is no anticipated impact upon overall plant quality and safety resulting f rom this relief request, 4

Radioloaical Concerns: There is no change in exposure resulting from this relief request.

I L

T

-m --

~

mum

.m.-.,--,--w.-,-,.--.-.m...#,,

v.-ec,,r-v mn r h,.-,,

w.e

,v,m,--#-.

c+.w..,,

v.-

+c.---,-

v&ow

,%w,.,

,,., y

4 to U X-92138 Page 2 of.3

'8l h

OD40$EAL 33LilNG cg41 pat Rap LR!vg M

Z o.

b 93 7' A11LMBLICS t,0*

~ wtruwins y

u.=4ti.ws) as s

/ scr. viam e N g sm s

n. s n i 7.

/

l F,_. gt 7

a. x a

A d

~

to a tj 3 5 X! fa f

76 s

f~ O

'N.

tg

~ ' '

9' g' dw yg';

Yv s

/

/oO lJ N

-n m> >l5 8

e.

rs m ' %' /OO OO N

/

M

/

0 00

\\/

J1 do d O O O L. OOOV H L) ~: J 1

/eOO OOOe\\

f *'

is

_/

O0 N

0 OO O

r O - O..-e.. O O O-O 1er O '_ OO OO O

""/

OOO

) OOU N

OOO OO N ~ ' '

OO OOO O

OO O

OOO s

s\\ ON Oe

,/

a

/

5 Q

a_/

h h

b 78

\\

s

- iTUD HOLE 1

.,J

270, y

/s

/

m 0 0 E

wanww ctAmp

Acxtuo O

O ICF.CV j

A$$CMBLY Q Q 8 8 s

O V e

S WERIDIONAL 6 ggggy;g 3 g

6 gu

, g N s% g

/

Q'

'fi Mi" '

s s'

%CLD E

)

k O

1.O

?

o.

1.e O

lO i

/

w b

l

//

j xA N ' /

/

. q/

t

/

R

/,

~.

w(R!!!!3HAL $

MERIDIUNAL 4

)

I CLUSURE PEAD h

27p w 10 FLANGE Q.

h

,k VELD 1 l

a m

y-m m

Attachment I to TXX-92138 Pace 3 of 3 t

I WESTINGHOUSE NUCLEAR SERVICE DIVISION R S 2, l

INSPECTION LERVICES l

LIMITATION TO EXAMIN AllON

% d_,f: d M

_M V, f

.VC /

gggcu_

hAN1

' TM A NC //f" Pf A X

- usig sysTicour S Y CLOTUAF i' TAD

_ pnocgnung N-f C-2 '0 ??&

.U. I L

1

/0~2Y~##

E x AuiNinj d

M DATE

~

Lt ve t n

.:n P

/

I*I REL4 TEO TO Ulf X

9/T Ylt Vit ITEMtSt _

P40VICE CENE A AL int onM ATION TO Of 5CRILE. APf MORIM Af t $f 2E. LCCATION AND f YPE OF LIMITATION.

EX AM/$CAN EURF ACE ARE A-

+0lMECTf 0N 7 gy.

NW 6eLT SMr sup ?

I4 t if k

~

i

/2M&E W

f, 5

  • s Lo q --

i I

- w i!!f!NG t

LUG t

e J,I

    • f h

wn9 a

w 88 1

  • M f - -

} -

y.

P L

\\StMOUD t/

folf W 1c-21 11

IIcLE, enr I

M*LL t, g f tuar a l

<fg l

HOTE:

8% of weld #1 not examined using 45' angle beam

~

13% of weld #2 not examined using 45, angle beam 12% of weld #1 not examined using 60 angle beam 11% of weld #2 not examined using 60' angle beam I

e 3 59 y

-w

4

. to TXX-92138 Page 1 of 2 Relief Request D-2 Code Yaar: 1986 Edition. No Addeoda ASME Section XI

- !tems for which Relief is Requested:

Pipe to momeat restraint circumferential weld (TBX-1-4103-4),

Coae Class:

1 Examination Requirements:. Table:

IWB-2500-1 Examination Category:

B-J Item No.:

89.11 Table IWB-2500-1, Category B-J, Jtem 89,11 requires surface and-volumetric examination of circumferential pressure retaining welds in piping.

Basis for Relief: Weld TBX-1-4103-4 was ultrasonically examined to the maximum extent possible, however, a portion of the weld was unable to be examinej due to limitations encountered from pipe nozzles and a component support.

The required surface examination was performed and resulted in no indication.

See attached Limitation to Examination sheet.

Alternative Examination:

None Safety _!mpact:

This weld was examined to the maximum extent possible and yielded no indications.

There is no anticipated impact upon the overall plant quality and safety resulting from this

+

relief requi.st.

Radiological Concerns:

Tr,re_is no change-in exposure resulting from this relief request, a

4 6

to TXX-92130 Rage 2 of 2 WESTINGHOUSE NUCLEAR SERY CE DIVISION Rs. 2,.

INSPECTION SERVICES LIMITATION TO EXAMINATION SKETCH N'

Vb_

de.1 PLANT b_ C6A464d 4%I

A ll yNg7 TX-T.T;T 2.C9 Rev 0 Fei 2 1 M SYST/ COMP W.T

.hT O 6J PROCEDURE DATE

-0 R- %

&I EXAMage M 4

LEVELE )

W D'lD 4 RELATEDYO.

Ulf X P/T M/T V

ITEMISI PROWDE GENER AL INF ORM ATION " Of ? ?r 'i.E APPRC.

. E SIZE. LOCATION AND TYPE OF LIMITATION.

EX AM/ SCAN $URF ACE ARE A-

+ DIRECTION 7 SUFF 2 1

R

,,we.c 4 7

2g acto ; -. -

i n

,Q x

2

%, wsA::Eb Motu.r.1%" Fhen.

)

Ttt. e F WLELb, RC M e r Mc0nts PnPE Nd' W6,LbCD Me u Le, t pea s to e e e we L.b

[OR0" ijh*

2 70 gj) A

  • 5 2 \\Ai6LDC.h pdc 2.1L66 M,W p MK, Q,'gQp,g gT* \\,,d A g yg $* g p hA[, ((g" e r 7 ls ScA u. /6 c ye cs 2 sc.pa xcepptipeo y gwsiasrig op M *~

4: *.:n&<. 4~tJ 7t; 'Lw4,ruo,un. kr.een to yo er semar<ea Vcwu6 nior E.rAr6uned.

I t

I i

-. ~,,,.

+..

4

- Attachment 3-to TXX-92138

-Page 1 of 2 Relief Request B-3 Code Year: 1986 Edition, No Addenda ASM2 Section X1 Items for which Relief is Requested:

Pipe to reducing nozzle circumferential weld (TBX-1-4503-30).

Code Class:

I

- Examination Requirements:

Table:.lWB-2500-1

-Examination Category:

B-J ltem No.:

69.11 Table.!WB-2500-1, Category B-J, Item No. 89.11 requires surf ace and volumetric examination of circumferential pressure retaining welds in piping.

Basis _for Reli?f;' Weld 18X-1-4503-30 was ultrasonically examined to the maximum extent possible, however, a portion of the weld was unable to be examined due to. limitations encountered from the reducing nozzle.

The required surface examination was performed and resoited in no indications, See attached Limitation to Examination sheet.

Alternative Examination:

None

Safety impact:

This weld was ex'amined to the maximum extent possible and yielded no indications.

There is no anticipated impact upon overall plant quality and safety-resulting from this relief requestJ

~

- Radiological Concerns:. There is no change in exposure resulting from this L

relief request.

t i

o i.-

4 L

yr--y-

..y<

-y-n.

. to TXX-92138

.Page-2 of'2 i

l

.NESTINGHOUSE NUCLE AR SERVICE OlVISION Rb 3

=

INSPECTION SERVICES l

j LIMITATION TO EXAMINATION n

"IS h

KETCHww-t 4503 Rev i P '_ A N r,Lo u A ng_g gE.

MAW UNIT n st co.w Po r" M O RNE R CPRAq ppOCECURETX*%11:101 R ev. O _ Fc \\ 21

,uAMist4.y h.s c-A.d h e -

to 3L-91.

cATe L4 vt L O M)

E. O

'd C RE L ATE D TO

'). T

.\\,__ P 'T,,,

%1 T

. i T _.

,TEMis)

PACViDE GENE P AL Nf G AM A tion TO DESCRIBE APPRO)lV ATE Si2E. LOCATION AN TYPE Cr t.!MIT AYlON es /zsu

/

r

'1 E sthe / c c

\\

/

/

K

~ x1

\\'

1/

l Ib i

l

\\ dst b c ca mc3.ecuncu(psec ro i

R e b o t.i ncg de,1 ELE) Rasvam s tsu _

sews. xpem. r sw e,

%,~~x,ou i

\\l0Lo us Alcr t LGw u Eh,

t i

e f NM 30 ~*M 2

\\.

i l

i y

%x i

l 1

l' i

ny,

[.

~l

. tc TXX-92138 Page 1 of 3 Relief Request C-2 Code Year: 1986 Edition, No Addenda ASME Section XI Items for which Relief is Requested:

Residual Heat Exchanger Head to Shell Weld (TBX-2-ll20-1-1) and Residual Heat Exchanger Shell to flange Weld (TBX-2-1120-1-2).

See attached drawing.

Code Class:

2 Examination Requirement:

Table:

IWC-2500-1 Examination Cate r y:

C-A Item No.: C1.10 and cl.20 Table IWC-2500-1,' Category C-A, Item 140. Cl.20 requires 100%

volumetric examination of the head to shell weld, and item No. C1.10 requires 100% volumetric examination of the shell to flange weld.

Basis for Relief:

Welds TBX-2-Il20-1-1 and TBX-2-1120-1-2 were ultrasonically examined to the maximum extent possible, however, a portion of each weld was unable to be. examined due to limitatlons encountereo.

See attached Limitation to Exa.itinatiun sheets.

Alternative Examination:

None LSafetyLImpact: Each weld was examined to the maximum extent possible and-yielded no indications.

There is no anticipated impact upon overall plant quality and safety resulting from this relief request.

Radiolog. cal Concerns:

There is no change in radiation exposure resulting from this relief request.

1 t

l l

j

. to TXX-92138 Page 2 of'3 WESTINGHOUSE NUCLEAR SERVICE DIVISION 96 b tNSPECTION SE RVICES LIMITATION TO EXAMINATION 1' D

  • 1
  • O d@l l ptAr T CMAMEME A<

UNIT id h 1 SKETCH tv5T:COu*3EMbC A L N E# d 1 M4he @tR PROCEDUHEY# E 70 d6? 0 Mi E X AMINE hav b -

! **/A.

/ ' ' l "

^

DATE

\\

trvtt!!,)

V Y

O HEL ATED TO.

Uit P!T W T.

viT iTEMiss PAOviDE GENER AL 'NFORM AinON TO JESCRIBE APPAOMIMATE SIZE. LOCATION AND TYFE OF LIM:T ATION.

+

Ex AMe5CAN SUHF ACE ARE A-

+DIRf CTION 7 m

  • fd

~

l

,_.-__ay. +

i i

E

)&LS -9t ey

)44aeta ;

w&Mo I w

~

w ti wwt SEAM I

b f.

WELO 1 WELD 1 i

M W

=

t Y Oh o"

,f 2

s.z-v<

E wlELAE.D $ U P Ge scis R e. r,T A m.T ?,1i6 m ot.

g APPPc., L6 % or Exut usT.ca NjcLm E MCP E ueMnEh l

YOSY AS?$ $

Attact.iment 4 to TXX-92138 Page 3 of 3 WESYINGHOUSE NUCLEAR SERVICE DIVISION S06 (NSPECTION SE RVICES t IMITATION TO EX AMIN ATION C OM At4c H E. kE_Ak unit _ oo. I mM P 117.0 Qv. i

__ __ s et icw Pt=NT svsTicoMP rs i ov At.

H E AT Ert# A NC.E R PROCEDURETI'l6 3

  • 2 09 SU O Eb. I IO
  • DATE t X AMINER e' (E V E L II

--s--.-_-_-

Y 0

1-2 A E L AT E 010: v/T P/T M /T_

Vtf ITEMIS)

PAOV10E GENER AL INFOHM ATION TO DESC'418E APPROXIM ATi SIZE. LOCATION AND TYPE OF LtVITATION.

EF AMISCAN $URF ACE ARE A

~*

+0tHECTION 7 SlY suar /,.0. t.,,

n

\\

/

,/

/

/,

F LAN G T.

/

/

/

/

w 8

/

/

/

/

/

/

_ - _ __ _ __ _ _ _ =. _

ag WELOQ - -

f "1

[

d**S u eJ esur.

V/ $

f

- O' OR 0" U

i e < o o 3 e a,,. a.u.u,

a-m

2. y < u..u.

tunn asswat aua s u,r5 NN g if Ea A m,.( 0

~

.Ti.i m as.

l Attachment s to 1xx-92138

=

Page 1 of 2 Reljef Request C-3 1936 Edition, No Addenda ASME Section Xi Code Year:

Elbow and pine circumf erertial welds Items f or which Relief is Requested:

181-2-2570-32 and TBx-2 2570-33.

See attached drawing.

code Class:

2 Examination Requirements:

Table IWC-2500-1 Categcry*

C-F-1 ltem No.

C5.El 1

1(-

s fC a h1 3

J l o'i (-

e n

o i

circumferential weids-Welds TBX-2-2570-32 ar.d TBX-2 2570-33 were u ltrasonir.a lly Basis for Relief:

examined to the maximuth extent possible; however, a partion of each v.sid was enable to be examined due to limitations of the elbow int odos. Required surface ex1minations were performed with no resultiria See attached limitation to Examination indications.

sheet.

Alternative Fvanination:

None ma jority of eM a weld was examir.ed and yielded no

$afety impact:

T ht:

Tnere is no anticipa*ed impact upon overall indications.

plant quality and saf ety resulting f rom this reiief recaest.

There is no charge in radiation exposure resJlting Radiological Concerns:

f%m this relief roquest.

j

-.~

1 1

Attar.hment 5 to TXX-92138 i

Rage 2 of'2 WESTINGHOUSE NUCLEAR SEf1VICE DIVISION j;f 3 INSPECTION SERVICES LIMITATION TO EX AMIN ATION ot,wr.Co m c.9P DIMc

-Nir 40 t ske (ca.TDL* l* 2 67 0 E tEV L n rr,u,C.u wsma A # 2 ottexA& e esocent nmnst-Ze'i Rc3 0 FC t%

e 3 AviNe s 30*.

d -

alm 4+

d

[TI 9 3).-

ame g

L I

i

._,rm,s, wetss u-t u i

m.1,010 va v

<1

.T

,.4 PRO.iDE GEf40 RAL INF ORV A flON 10 DE$CRtBE APPROXIMATE Si2E, LOCATION ANC 7YPR OF UMET ATION, 4

/

yy/

%s nrsc u es.__ _.

s 1

1

/

1\\

7'/

u m

/

j

\\

1

/

u L

. mac s en e e.usca aesr uc.vs < w l

2, 7 i 6 f c. u 'h FCR \\dELh 3 2.

Mb 4' cF 5,, 'l j 5 Shts Fcx. u W.Li>.33 1A % cs-Ex.b u mner seu l

Vo L U M G. Fok. Wcttu 3 2. wh 3 5 cc r Emash L

i i

!l I

wh.em.us f giQ 't 9

~

. Attachment 6 in TXX-92138 Page'1 of 3 Relief Request C Code Year: 1986 Edition, No Addenda ASME Section X]

Items for which Relief is Requested:

Piping Integral Welded Attachments TBX-2-2536 H2 and TBX-2538-H-17.

See attached drawing.

Ccde Class:

2 Examination Requirements:

lable:

IWC-2500-1 Categcry: C-C Item No.:

C3.20 e

Table IWC-2500-1, Category C-C, item No. C3.20 requires L

100%-surface examination-of integrally welded attachments to piping.

Basis for. Relief:

Integrally welded attachments TBX-2-2536-H2 and TBx-2-2538-H17 were surf ace examined to the neximum extent i,cssible; however, a portion of each weld was unable to be examined due to limitations associated with welded spacers on the bottom surface of-the top fugs.

See attached timitution to Examination sheet.

-Alternative Examination: L Nor.e Safety impact:

The majority of each of these welds were examined and-yielded no indications.

There is no anticipated impact upon overall plant quality and safety resulting from this relief

request, Radiological Concerns:

There is no change in radiation exposure resulting from this-relief request,

'=

e:

4 e

i

. ~,

1

- Attach.nent 6 to TXX-92138 l

Page 2 of'3 WESTINGHOULE NUCLEAR SERVICU DIVISION 3g_f INSPECTION SERVICES LIMITATION TO EXAMIN ATir'N C Q MR N tHE BEAK Mo i ymi HETCH Tbl*A"1SD _[CVa h.

Pt ANT 5Y$T'COvP _ k Q 2 M 1,8 M f" M T I ' kY

(*c OCEDURE. Y X" I II* I I kIV 1 E % AMINE R

[

RATE-I D ~ I 2 d.l..

a "t.E vi t Q

/

)

k RELATtr)TO U/T

  • /T_

\\9 r,,,,,

y, y_

it g y ts, Pr40VIDC GE NE A AL INFC.'4M AT6CN l'O DESCRIBE APPROxit1 ATE SIZE. LOCATION ANO TYPE OF LIMIT ATION N

m

l. -

\\

UELOCD 3 P RC.CR s Oa B o r T c s S t,.R F A t t O r To e Leact".hEA A' GNsT Nh /

SKETCH

$0 Af M*?/N A/E*rV 7'

_&&1 PnOCEDurcE _?Y* /$/ ~//

kfYA SYST CCVP t

0 Q. Liq])1 b'-'

Y

,CATE

/d_ * ?

/ is Wh G f[

/

~=

8/7 V

".0 T iiT ITEM'o AE L AT E D 10.

U/T

_PT PROviOE GZNiB AL iNF ORMA f 60N T O DESCRIDE APPROxlM A TE SIM, LOCJ.flON AND T N PE OF LIMIT AT10N YOA V/E W t

(

/

\\

s 3

i 1

/

E@@

\\

nal.asu ws.,. r/'/

/

r uuoco -,

f'A' oat 7 V/E W

  1. 'fd CLA MP -

~

,rm m

rNJ l

A

///E dl.dMP Al~.S r#/C 75 A ?* Exen/NW7/0W CY 'h L E

\\

WE*LDED lug S YW* og SIDES & a.h sc a d r' Yo C4HNs0 i

~

-..._~ - -

a

}

aa=

~

  • to TX;;-9?l30 j

Page 1 of.2 1

i Relief Request F-1 Code' Year: 1986 Edition, No Addenda ASME Section XI Items for which Reli f is Requested:

Component' Supports.

e Code Class:

3 l

. Examination Requirements:

IWF-13C0 describes the boundaries of component a

supports requiring examination (VT-3).

- IWF-1300(e) states:

"Where the mechanical connection of a ron integral

-support is bsried within the component insulation, the sup? Set boundary may extena from tne surface of the

. component insulation, provided the support either carri~s the weight of tne component ov-serves as a e

structural restraint in compression."

Basis for Relief.

For those portions of class 3 components supparts that are buried in the insulation of the component and do not carry the weight of the component nor serve as a structural restraint in compression it is requested that those-buried portions of the support-not be examined.

Removal and reinstallation of insulation on class 3 piping requires a s ignificant amount of scaf folding erection /9.moval and man-power, For class 3 integral attrchments_insoletion will be removed to perform tode reqeired examinations.

LAlternate. Examination:

None L

Safety Impact.:

There is no. anticipated impact upon overall plant quality

~

and safety resulting from this-relief-request es:

1) Only o 'snall _ portion of the support is buried in insulation; therefore the ckljority cf.the support is exurined.

L 2); The stress' levels in those buried portions are usually 10,i,

.e s t.

f l'

l..

P W

4 r

g

. to TXX-92138 Page 2 of 2 kadiological Concerns:

Potential radiation exposure will be reduced by not Saving to:

1) install scaffolding, 2) remove insulation, s

3) reinstall insulation, 4) renove scaffolding,,

e i

i b

k t-4 E

a n

_ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _