ML20063N248
| ML20063N248 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Limerick  |
| Issue date: | 09/15/1982 |
| From: | Boyer V PECO ENERGY CO., (FORMERLY PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC |
| To: | DEL-AWARE UNLIMITED, INC. |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20063N241 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8209200127 | |
| Download: ML20063N248 (50) | |
Text
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Pefore the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board In the Matter of
)'
)
Philadelphia Electric Company
)
Docket Nos. 50-352
)
50-353 (Limerick Generating Station,
)
Units 1 and 2)
)
APPLICANT'S SUPPLEMENTAL RESPONSE TO INTERROGATORY 12 OF DEL-AWARE UNLIMITED, INC.
ADDRESSED TO APPLICANT PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC COMPANY Interrogatory 12:
Please identify and describe the contents and conclusions of any reports, studies or other material relating to the phasing of the construction of the Point Pleasant diversion and the timing of the work in the river.
In other
- words, please provide a
complete description of and identify all information made available to PECO relating to the need to undertake constructing in the Delaware River during the first winter of project construction (i.e., 1982-83).
Answer:
The timing and phasing of the construction at Point Pleasant was discussed fully at depositions on August 6,
1982 (Tr. 46-86)
(copy attached).
It is estimated that completion of the entire Point Pleasant project as it relates to Limerick will take approximately two years (Tr.
l 52).
Fuel loading for Limerick Unit 1
is currently scheduled to commence between July and October 1984 (Tr.
56).
The completion of preoperational testing will require the availability of supplemental cooling water from Point Pleasant at least three months prior to the fuel loading date (Tr.
57).
Accordingly, it is deemed necessary to 8209200127 820916 PDR ADOCK 05000352 G
c --.
commence construction promptly on December 15, 1982 as scheduled in order to meet existing deadlines.
The final Section 3.8 approval granted by the Delaware River Basin Commission ( " DRBC" ) provides as a condition of the approval the following:
N.
Construction excavation and maintenance dredging in the Delaware River must be performed between November and March to reduce the potential for impact on migrating juvenile and adult shad.
[DRBC Docket No. D-65-76 CP (8)
(February 18, 1981)]
DRBC has thereby required that Neshaminy Water Resources Authority
("NWRA")
undertake work in the river between November and March (Tr. 51).
It is necessary to begin the portion of construction in the Delaware River during the winter months of 1982-83 so that river work can be completed during the winter of 1983-84.
There is no reasonable assurance that all of the construction work in the river can be completed within a single winter because work cannot be performed during high flow periods, owing to increased river flow velocity (Tr.
53-56).
Accordingly, it is necessary that river construction work begin this winter as scheduled.
The letter of September 9, 1981 from E.H.
Bourquard to the Corps of Engineers discusses phasing of construction work.
Although there is some flexibility i:
the time for performing the particular work designated for each of these phases, (Tr. 63-66), any delay in starting construction will cause a commensurate delay in its completion (Tr.
73).
Regardless of any planned phases of construction work, NWRA
O must abide by the restrictions imposed by DRBC which limit river excavation to the winter months of November through March.
l l
I l
l
VERIFICATION Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
)
)
ss County of Philadelphia
)
Vincent S.
Boyer, being first duly sworn, states that he is Senior Vice President of Philadelphia Electric Company, the Applicant herein; that he has read the contents of " Applicant's Supplemental Response to Interrogatory 12 of Del-Aware Unlimited, Inc.
Addressed to Applicant Philadelphia Electric Company" and that the statements and matters set forth therein are true and correct to the best of his knowledge, information and belief.
+
-,r
/
s : c.:.
Vincent S.
Boyer
/ 5.g Subscribed and sworn to before me this
- day of September, 1982
.x
/.*
f !w
. s',
,~
s Notary Public /
Notary PubHc. Phiiacciphia, Philade!;his Co.
My C0mmig: ion bpires f,. c';
f g,, y
_.,.. /
e UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION In the Matter of
)
)
Philadelphia Electric Company
)
Docket Nos. 50-352
)
50-353 (Limerick Generating Station,
)
Units 1 and 2)
)
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that copies of " Applicant's Supplemental Response to Interrogatory 12 of Del-Aware Unlimited, Inc. Addressed to Applicant Philadelphia Electric Company," dated September 15, 1982 in the captioned matter, have been served upon the following by deposit in the United States mail this 16th day of September, 1982:
Judge Lawrence Brenner (2)
Docketing and Service Section Atomic Safety and Licensing Office of the Secretary Board U.S. Nuclear Regulatory U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Commission Washington, D.C.
20555 Washington, D.C.
20555 Stephen H. Lewis, Esq.
Judge Richard F. Cole Ann P. Hodgdon, Esq. Elaine I.
Atomic Safety and Licensing Chan, Esq. Counsel for NRC Board Staff Office of the Executive U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Legal Director Commission U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Washington, D.C.
20555 Commission Washington, D.C.
20555 Judge Peter A. Morris Atomic Safety and Licensing Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Board Panel l
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Commission j
Washington, D.C.
20555 Washington, D.C.
20555 l
Atomic Safety and Licensing Philadelphia Electric Company Appeal Panel ATTN:
Edward G.
Bauer, Jr.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Vice President &
Commission General Counsel Washington, D.C.
20555 2301 Market Street I
Philadelphia, PA 19101 1
r
.' Mr. Frank R.
Romano Walter W. Cohen, Esq.
61 Forest Avenue Consumer Advocate Office of Ambler, Pennsylvania 19002 Attorney General 1425 Strawberry Square Mr. Robert L. Anthony Harrisburg, PA 17120 Frieds of the Earth of the Delaware Valley W. Wilson Goode P.O.
Box 186 Managing Director 103 Vernon Lane City of Philadelphia Moylan, Pennsylvania 19065 Philadelphia, PA Mr. Marvin I.
Lewis Steven P. Hershey, Esq.
6504 Bradford Terrace Community Legal Philadelphia, PA 19149 Services, Inc.
Law Center Judith A.
Dorsey, Esq.
North Central Beury Bldg.
1315 Walnut Street 3701 North Broad Street Suite 1632 Philadelphia, PA 19140 Philadelphia, PA 19107 Donald S.
Bronstein, Esq.
Charles W.
Elliott, Esq.
1425 Walnut Street 123 N.
5th Street Philadelphia, PA 19102 Suite 101 Allentown, PA 18102 Mr. Joseph H. White, III 8 North Warner Avenue Mr. Alan J.
Nogee Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 3700 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 Dr. Judith H. Johnsrud Co-Director, ECNP Robert W.
Adler, Esq.
433 Orlando Avenue Assistant Counsel State College, PA 16801 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania DER Robert J.
Sugarman, Esq.
505 Executive House Sugarman & Denworth P.O.
Box 2357 Suite 510 Harrisburg, PA 17120 North American Building 121 South Broad Street Thomas Gerusky, Director Philadelphia, PA 19107 Bureau of Radiation Protection James M.
Neill, Esq.
Department of Environmental Box 217 Resources Plumsteadville, PA 18949 Sth Floor, Fulton Bank Bldg.
Third and Locust Streets Director Harrisburg, PA 17120 Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency Basement, Transportation and Safety Building Harrisburg, PA 17120
/
Robert M.
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2 COURT REPORTIKS 5HCR* HAND SEAVICI
1
- 't 46 MR. CONNE2
- iould you give us back the stuff you examined, so it doesn't get mixed up?
MR. SUGARMAN:
Oh, yes.
Off the record.
(Discussion off the record.)
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
C While Mr. Harmon is gone, I will go back onto this -- perhaps we can deal with the timing question at this point.
Mr. Bourquard, if I may ask you, and if some other witness needs to answer, that would be helpful, have you been responsible for specifying the timing aspects of the project?
In other words, the construction scheduling.
(Mr. Bourquard responding)
A You mean when construction would start?
4 I mean, the elements of construction, the phasing of the construction by the contractor.
Have you designed that, or have you prepared that material yet?
A Yes.
I SHORTHAND SERVICE.- COURT REPORTERS
1
- 7 l
G Does it exist, with respect to Point Pleasant, I'm talking about?
A Yes.
O Is there some reason why that was not produced?
A Well, it was furnished to U.S.
Army Corp of Engineers.
And I think you have a copy of it.
G I understand what you're saying.
When was that furnished to the Corp of Engineers?
A I think it was September of
'81.
But I'm guessing now.
O IIave you prepared any documents on construction phasing since that time?
A No.
Except there was a -- there was one part that was taken out and submitted to DER, in connection with the canal relocation.
G One part of it was taken out?
I I
A Well, it was done by phases.
And one phase related to the canal, and for the canal crossing i
permit.
And we submitted that part of it.
G I want to show you a document.
MR. SUGARMAN:
I will ask that it be marked as D-4 for identification.
It is SHORTHAND SERVICE -- COURT REPORTER $
l
43 the letter from E.H.
Sourquard ro Baldwin, dated September 9, 1981.
(Letter dated September 9,
- 1981, to Mr. Daldwin from E.H. Bourquard, marked as Exhibit D-4 f or identification. )
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
O I will ask you, Mr. Bourquard, if that's the document you were referring to?
(Mr. Bourquard responding)
A Yes.
That's September 9, 1981.
MR. CONNER:
Do we have a copy of this?
MR. DICKINSON:
I would think so.
Yes, I guess.
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
O Can I understand that these phases, as described in D-4, are sequential?
That is, that the first phase will be completed before the second phase starts?
(Mr. Bourquard responding)
A It wouldn't necessarily have to be, no.
O But was that your plan?
SHORTHAND SERVICE -- COURT REPORTERS
49 A
No, not necessarily.
We were given the phases in which the work would be done.
But it wouldn't necessarily have to be done in that fashion.
G But is this the essence -- I'm just trying to say, not is this completed.
But as I see it, this document looks to me like it says that this is one way to do it.
The first phase is the installation of the intake conduit under the canal.
The second phase is the installation of the remainder of the intake conduit and gate well, et cetera.
MR. CONNER:
Mr. Bourquard, do you want to refresh your recollection?
MR. BOURQUARD:
Yes, I would like i
l to see it.
A You will note in here, it says the construction procedures for installation of the facilities compris-ing the Point Pleasant Pumping Station intake, will require the following general activites, the sequence and extent of which may be varied by the contractor within the constraints imposed by the specification and by pertinent permit requirements.
SHORTHAND SERVICE.- COURT REPORTERS
l 50 0
And have you prepared the specifications yet?
A We're in the process of doing that now.
G Will you be specifying any phasing different from that in D-47 A
No.
Not generally, no.
No.
It may go into more detail.
O How long is it estimated that phase one --
how much time will phase one consume?
A Offhand, I don't know.
I would have to check back at the detailed --
G Just generally, general estimate, engineering judgment, if you like, more or less than six months?
A I would say probably more than six months.
The first phase is where we put the intake on the canal, and would probably be somewhere three to six months.
O Is there a reason why that is phased first?
l A
No.
I think this just happened to be a political part of it.
And it looks like we will not do that first.
One of die reasons being, that they probably will do blasting elsewhere, rather than under the canal part of this.
SHORTHAND SERVICE -- COURT REPORTERS
n : ;-\\ i. s 51
,. e r?j'*<
a And another condition would be, depending upon the time of year that we have to start the work.
We are required by DRBC to undertake the work in the river between November and March.
O And when you find out what part of the year you will start, then you will know what the phasing is?
Is that what you're saying?
A Yes.
The contractor will set up the phasing.
G What is the constraint in terms of projection t
completion?
What is the limiting element, time-wise?
A I don't quite get what you mean by that.
MR. CONNER:
You mean, how soon does the contractor have to be done?
MR. SUGARMAN:
No.
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
l 0
What is the limiting activity?
What is the l'
activity which is going to take the longest?
(Mr. Bourquard responding)
A Oh.
Well, the construction of pumping station, I would guess.
Yes.
G By the pumping station, you mean the building?
A Yes.
SHORTHAND SERVICE -. col;RT REPORTERS
52 a
G And would I be correct in saying that that's about 25 months?
A No.
It won't be that long, no.
G Again, the document is being copied, but I remember seeing a bar chart critical paths, that showed the pump station, your estimate, 22 months, and PECO changed that to 25 months.
Or maybe they estime.ced 22, and you changed it to 25.
A Well, I think the total project will probably take about two years.
4 About three years?
A Two years.
G Two years.
A And while we may have a bar chart, I'm sure it will be all the parts of the project may be worked on at one -- concurrently.
It won't necessarily be a contract that we will work on a particular area, and jus t let the rest of it sit there.
If feasible to work on it, I'm sure he will do that.
4 Are there any constraints that require that any SHORTHAND SERVICE.. COURT REPORTERS
e l
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53 I
of your phases -- you have three phases chere -- to be done in any particular sequence, other than what you just described?
A No.
No.
It will be --
G There is nothing in the specifications that l
requires that it be done in any particular sequence?
A No, no.
Other than the subject, of course, to the constraints that are imposed by the DR3C, DER, l
and other regulatory agencies.
Yes.
i G
And the only one that you know of is the one that you just referred to?
I A
DRBC's, yes.
I l
G What would it do to the construction schedule,'
if anything, to go into and do the river portion of I
the construction in the winter of '83
'84, as opposed !
l to the winter of '82 '837 Does it make any difference which November to March period it is done in?
v A
Yes, I would say very much so.
I hope we can get some of the work done during this coming year.
G What difference would it make to the completion of the project?
SHORTMAND SERVICE.. COURT REPORTERS
l l
54 i
i l
A Well, he's limited -- in other words, he is l
working during the winter months.
And he will try to e
I perform this in times when the water is low enough to give him an opportunity to do it.
So he will be taking advantage of low water at every opportunity, I'm sure.
So he would start in as soon as possible.
O Well, is the work in the river going to be completed in one winter or two winters?
f l
A Well, it depends on, I would say, how much high water he gets.
O Can you go into that in more detail, please?
I A
Well, he's going to be doing the work from barges.
And during a high flow period, he's not going to be able to get much work done.
i l
It is just simply a case that he j
l i
won't be able to get at it.
l 0
I beg your pardon?
A He won't be able to get at it when they have high flows in the river.
O Have you made any projections, in making up as to the like-your estimated times of completion,
1 l
l l
i l
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I lihood of flows cf such levels as would preclude him i
getting into the river?
A No.
No.
We didn't say that above a certain level, he wouldn't be able to get into it, or below a j
certain level, he would.
No, we've done nothing like i
l
- that, l
l G
And what is that certain level?
A I say we have not done tha t.
O Do you have any idea what level that might be?
A No.
O Do you have any idea whether that level has i
I l
historically occurred, whatever that level might be?
l In other words, whether there have ever been flows in the river, in November to March, that would preclude his working?
A No.
I don't know any particular year when it l 1
happened.
But I'm sure there have been flows in November to March that would have kept him from doing
/
work.
G How can you know that without knowing what those flows would be?
A Well, I have a generalized idea.
I haven't
1 l
55 I
as to what ficw would stop him, l gone down in pinpoint i
and what flow would not stop him.
G What is the basis of your generalized idea?
l t
t A
Well, the fact that, as you get higher flows,
- you get higher velocities.
And you have a probl2m l
I keeping your equipment anchored in place.
l C
At what flow would the velocity be such as to give him a problem?
A This, I don't know.
O I see.
When is Limerick scheduled to first need water from Delaware River Unit One?
I t
(Mr. Boyer responding)
A Summer of 1984.
G And for what purpose?
Is that for operating?
A For preliminary operation, yes.
The final i
check out stage and preliminary operation.
G And you're estimating the final check out stago
.and preliminary operation for the summer of '847 l
A Fuel load is scheduled between July and October, 1984.
4 And so when would the final preliminary 1
operation take place?
SHORTHAND SERVICE.. COURT REP _ORTERS
t 57 A
Well, we should have the water available at l
l least three months prior to the fuel loading date.
l i
G The supplemental water?
A Yes.
G What is the status of construction of the Schuylkill intake?
A It is basically completed.
I 4
What is the status of the permit application f'
for the Schuylkill discharge?
l A
The work is completed, so the permit is in
~
hand.
I 4
MR. DICKINSON:
The Corp of l
Engineers permit was received for it years ago, and construction started.
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
C For construction?
(Mr. Dickinson respondino) l A
Yes.
~.
G How about for operating discharges?
MR. CONNZR:
We object now to this line of questioning.
Limerick is not an issue here.
SHORTHAND SERVICE - COURT REPORTERS
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33 i
I i
He's giving you this t me ::ame.
I And now this should net be broadened to l
l get a list of all these, j
I MR. SUGARMAN:
I'm not trying to i
broaden it.
I'm just trying to find out --
I'm just trying to check on the time frame.
I l
SY MR. SUGARMAN:
C Has the permit for discharge into the Schuylkill r
during operation been applied for yet?
l (Mr. Boyer responding) i A
I think I can su=mari:e it, by saying, that there are no constraints on the operation of Limerick i with regard to Schuylkill River permits.
MR. DICKINSON:
We have the DR3C permit for withdraw and discharge.
MR. CONNER:
There is a list of i
permits in the FSAR and the Environmental Report, which state it as of that given s
date.
MR. SUGARMAN:
That's right.
I MR. CONNER:
If it will save you time, if you just want to go through it I
59 I
again.
i MR. SUGARMAN:
At that point, it i
was stated that it had not been applied for l
t yet, I believe.
Is that still the s ta tus ?
MR. CONNER:
That was, of course, two years ago.
I MR. DICRINSON:
! think yes.
l l
MR. BOYER:
It has been applied?
l t
MR. DICRINSON:
No, it hasn't.
I think they are working on the application.
3Y MR. SUGARMAN:
O They are working on the application?
(Mr. Dickinson responding) i A
As f ar as I know, yes, for the MDSS permit.
O Well, Mr. Boyer, if you were to start con-I struction at Point Pleasant today, the water wouldn't i
be available in two years?
.i
,(Mr. Boyer responding)
A Well, it would certainly be available at the earliest possible date.
And it could be available in two years, in my view.
m a m u m u n w m
.e cena am5eru
cc r
l l
i iG Well, it wouldn't be available at the time I
that you want it, which is three months before th e fuel loading starts?
l i,,
iA Then we will have to try to make out without t
which would increase total ccmplexity and cost of the job.
Delays cost money.
G Well, is that why you delayed construction of Limerick for three years?
A Delays cost money.
We did not want to delay the construction at Limerick.
It is costing the custc=ers more money by doing so.
G As I understand it, your testimony in the PUC, was that you delayed the Limerick voluntarily, because it was part of an overall cost savings to do so.
Isn't that correct?
MR. CONNER:
We object to this l
i i
line of questioning.
It has nothing to do I
with the contentions here.
l'l
MR. SUGARMAN:
The witness volunteered --
[
MR. CONNER:
No.
He did not volunteer to get into this in any further k
SHORTHAND SERVICI - C@UST 0#@OST$Et3
i i,
l 51 i
I l
dap:h.
I want to limit this to the three l
issues.
And I will ask the witness not to answer.
Your question relating to the time frame for Point Pleasant has been demonstrated as needing the water in the summer of 1984.
And th a t ' s really as far as you need to go into it for this purpose.
So we object.
)
i.
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
G Isn't it true, Mr. Boyer, that delays only 1
i cost monay if the cost of delay exceeds the cost of i
saving?
i MR. CONNER:
We object to the further argument. There is no issue dealing with the philosophy of economics of nuclear l
power plants.
MR. SUGARMAN:
The witness vol-s
unteered that delays cost money.
MR. CONNER:
I ask the witness not to respond.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Do I understand i
.. ~.
SHORTHAND SERVICE...
COURT REPORTERS
l i
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52 I
i.
that -- well, I won't go into it, as you i
have asked the witness not to answer.
I will let it go at that.
j BY MR. SUGARMAN:
4 May I have D-4 back, please?
I ask you this, Mr. Bourquard.
Were you concerned as to whether the -- when you prepared D-4, were you concerned as to whether the contractor I
would be able to get into the river for enough of tne i l
time during one wistar to complete the intake operation?
(Mr. Bourquard responding)
A Was I concerned?
G Yes.
i I
A Well, it was one of the things we took into l
account.
The fact that he may encounter high water, l
yes.
G Why didn't you make that the first phase, to guarantee it would be done in time for the completion of the project instead of making it the third phase?
A Well, I think you have in there the fact, stated right in the first paragraph there, the fact tha t the phases, as set up in there, would be subject l
ij l
i 53 1
to certain contstraints.
l l
In other words, we did not try to l
list that as being one, two, three, in tha t order.
l l
l We list them merely as a way of performing work.
And we say in there that they would be changed or would be shifted if need be, i
G But you knew about the constraints that you t
just referred to when you prepared D-47 A
We did not know when the contract would be l
l 1st.
O I know that.
But what I'm saying is, given your concern that you just expressed this morning, l
4 i
which is not expressed here in D-4, why didn't you l
l locate this third phase first at that time?
A The third phase being what?
O Installation of river intake screens in the l
1 l
three intake plants.
l I
A If the contract started in other than the winter period, when he could work, he couldn't have worked on there if it had been.
O Why not put that first, subject to the neces-l sity of changing it, instead of putting it third?
i l
i 64 J
+
1 There was no reason for one or the other..
. -~
1 l
Other than the fact that the Corg was pr.:arily, con-i cerned probably with the channel there, tha canil.
l~y so this was one of the items we started out with.
G Are you saying that there is no basis for the phasing in D-47 j
7 L
Other than --
G In terms of construction.
t i
1
.".n other words,,we stated right in,i tha / f irst
)
7 paragraph that they can be shifted around as need ba,,i a it v.
l I
/
's p
w.l ".
subject to the contract, y i,
G I understand that.. Ett are you staying that
^l
_ h'
,i there is no rhyme or reason, in pdrms of; engineering ^ '"
or construction considerations [, f or the,fphasinf a's l
set forth in D-47 f
I' MR.ICONNER:
We object to this.
i This has been as.ked'and answered.
The l
1 j
~
witness explained --
~
~'
,(
1 t -
.I MR. SEGARMAN:
What is his answer?
L-
~
a
/
There,'is cr. there is n/ot a rhyme or yeason?
ss f
MR. CONNER:
He said it depended, on the constraints., like when you g'o'in the
~
/
/
/
/
SHOR THAND SERVICI.. COURT REPORTERS
s
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.~s t
' a n
,'ll
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55 o
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- t river.
Had the Corp of Engineers issued l
,2
~s' s l
7 the permit last scamer, and they couldn't 1
x.,
i i
work in the river, because of the DOE i
r 1
~
constraint, they could have gone to a different phase.
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/
.N That letter was written a year
- y
' - l ago.
'r MR. SUGARMAN:
The latter was t
written in September, 1981.
i
='
MR. CONNER:
And had the permit
}\\ O been granted in due course, they would i
s have been unable to be in phase three until i
l November.
So obviously, they would have gone to one of the other phases.
l MR. SUGARMAN:
That's your testi-l i
many.
j MR. CONNER:
He already said that.
l r
~
MR. SUGARMAN That's not what he g
testified to.
I'm asking, is there any rhyme or reason for the phasing that is shown in D-47 j
.. SHCRU3AND SERVICE -- COURJ llLEPORTERS
i I
30 i
i MR. CONNER:
Answer hl.2 one more time.
{
(Mr. Sourquard responding)
I A
Well, there is a rhyme or reason to the extent' that we were mostly concerned with the work in the canal, and put that as the first phase.
G Well, why --
A In other words, the understanding that it didn't necessarily have to be the first phase, or that the second phase had to be the second phase, or that the I
l third phase had to be th e third phase.
That theywerel 1
interchangeable.
l i
G By the contractor?
A Yes.
G Okay.
And were you consulted in connection with the Philadelphia Electric's letter to the Corp i
of Engineers, stating that it was necessary to start construction by December 15th of this year?
I/
MR. CONNER:
Will you profess to show the letter to the witness ?
MR. SUGARMAN:
I'm just asking if he was consulted.
i SHORTHAND SERVICE -. COURT REPORTERS
57 MR. CONNER:
Abcut a latter.
We i
i would like to see th e letter that you are i
referring to.
l i
MR. SUGARMAN:
We will have to take a break for a minute while I get it.
MR. CONNER:
Fine.
I Do you know the letter that he 's talking about?
i MR. BOURQUARD:
No.
MR. SUGARMAN:
I don't think he ever saw the letter.
I'm just asking him.
MR. CONNER:
Then let's show it to him.
MR. SUGARMAN:
I'm not asking if I
t he saw the letter.
I'm just asking if he 1
was consulted concerning a representation j
to the NRC regarding the necessary date of starting construction.
I s~
MR. CONNER:
You haven't even 1
established then that there is a letter --
MR. SUGARMAN:
No, I haven't.
menman sevro - -
l 53 i
i such a lettar --
MR. SUGARMAN:
Not on the record, I haven't, no.
MR. CONNER:
-- and you referred to a letter.
Well, show nim the letter then.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Let's take a break for 5 minutes.
(Short recess.)
l BY MR. SUGARMAN:
l i
G Mr. Bourquard, I'm going to advise you that i
the applicant, through Mr. Conner, advised the NRC of i the following:
I l
"NWRA advises the applicant," th a t ' s,
i Philadelphia Electric, " tha t, in order to mini =i=e the adverse affects on the aquatic environ =ent from construction activities, it is required, by DRBC, to conduct the initial phases of its construction
/
\\-
work during the winter months. "
Now, were you consulted in that representation?
MR. CONNER:
I ask the witness
____________ suoamano _ saavics e couar esponrans
69 i
be allowed to examine c,
although, I knew i
that's correct, because I wroce it.
I would also note, that I used phase as =y word.
It has no relation to I
the things you're talking about, because I l.
had never seen those.
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
I 4
My question is, were you consulted in making that statement?
i (Mr. Sourquard responding)
A December 15 th?
I set up the schedule, yes.
I g
My question is, were you consulted, and were l
I you involved in making the statement, that the NWRA is required by the DRSC to conduct the initial phases i
i of construction in the winter?
The emphasis being on I
initial phases.
Did you participate in making that statement?
Were you asked to concur in it?
Were you '
consulted in respect to it?
A I don't know.
I might have been indirectly.
I wasn't contacted by PECO, as I recall, and have I
I that direct reference.
1 70 i
r Sut we alwaya naintain th a t the contractor has to get in there right away to finish j
his job on time.
One of his first actions, as soon i
as he can, depending upon when he starts -- and i
hopefully we start in December 15th -- he will move I
right out into the river and start the work.
j i
G But if the contract were to start in the l
l spring, then he would go into the river the following !
December; right?
l A
Yes.
He would be allowed to because of the constraints.
i 0
That wouldn't change the ending date of construction, would it?
A If he --
G If he went into the river in six months af ter i construction started, instead of as his first activity?
A It would make it six months later.
4 You' re saying that the timing -- it would '
- /!
make it six months later to go into the river, but the ending date of the contract would still be the l
l same, wouldn't it?
Because the limiting f actor is the i
25 months for the pump house, or 22 months f or the SM@RTHAND 5@RVICE.. COBJST REPORTES&.
i 71 I
i pump house, or whatever it is.
A Well, I think that automatically sets it back.
Anytime that date is set back, it automatically delaysj t
everything.
4 Anytime what date is set back?
A The December 15 th date.
l 0
But you're talking about the initiation of I
construction on the project; right?
A Yes.
u 4
You are not talking about going into the river'.
I That could be done later; right?
i MR. BOYER:
In our view --
MR. SUGARMAN:
I would like to I
t have this from Mr. Bourquard.
A It has to be done as scon as possible.
O But there is no neces sity that that be the first activity; that is, going into the river?
A If the work starts during that period, it 1
I does, yes.
O But if it doesn't start during that period, there is no necessity --
A Well, you can't work on it.
So it is not even SHORTHAND SERVICE. CCl1RT ' SPORTERS
a factor then.
G Ixactly.
But =y point is, that doesn't slow down the rest of the work, does it?
i A
Depending on when it starts, yes.
1 l
G 3ut if the work starts in April, the other j
i phases, or other activities, can go forward at the same pace that they would have gone forward had th e work started in December?
i I
.t What you are saying is, winter season is j
t different from the other?
I G
No, no.
What I'm saying is, if he has to plant trees, as part of construction, it doesn't j
=atter whether he plants the trees in sonth one or month 23.
That's an analogy.
i i
He has to go into the river for 90 days, or 120 days, it doesn't matter --
l A
The analogy, I don' t quite go along with,
because -- unless,it is to the respect that he can only plant trees, say, in September.
Now, if he misses a September, then 1
he's delayed by a year.
I G
Exactly.
And he plants the trees the following i
SHORTHAND SERVICE.. COUBT R$ PORTER 5
l l
t, 1
l 73 1
September?
i A
Yes.
But he's a year later.
i 4
Right.
But the ending date of the overall j ob !
is not affected?
A Only to the extent that it set it back whatever i
that was set back, i
i 0
That's right.
l l
A In other words, if he misses September of '31,I i
say, in planting his trees, then that means it sets everything back from whatever it is after
'31.
4 Why does it set everything?
i.
A I mean the final contract.
l G
I follow what you're saying.
In o ther words, i if there is a three-month delay in starting construc-tion, there will be a three-month delay in finisaing? !
A Yes.
i t
G But there won't be a 12-month delay in fin-l r
ishing, simply because he has to wait until the following September to plant his trees?
A He's going to need, probably, the two con-struction seasons to make sure he completes it.
4 You think he's going to need two construction SHORTHAND SERVICE. COURT REPORTERS J
74 i
seasons?
i i
i A
I don't know.
But I think he has to be l
reasonably sure, to make sure he has that such time i
i available.
G Well th en, why didn't you put tha t in your phasing hare, that that had to be done first, if that's the limiting factor, in D-47 A
Because the phasing, as set up there, as I explained several times --
G Sut if this factor is now in your mind, and you knew you wanted to get the thing built, why didn't you think of it at that time, and make th at the first i phase?
MR. CONNER:
Would you let the i
witness complete the answer he started to give?
A Part of it was, you were talking about Septem-ber.
We didn't anticipate that we would be delayed this long, be it December 15th to get the table to start construction.
That's one of the reasons it probably wasn't put in there at that time.
SHO RTH A_N D _5 ER_VI_CE___. COURT __R EPC RTER5 _ ____ _ _____________ _ _ _ ____ ___ _ _
G Can you start construction > :nou: = cap a: n; acquisition on the land necessary fer the rignes-of-way up to Bradshaw Reservoir?
Jould you plan to do 3:?
A Well, it is up to the Authcrity to dacida that.
But I would see no reason not to.
G Have they completed construccion of the land acquisition up to Bradshaw Reservoir?
A I don't know.
G You don't know?
A No.
I don't know.
i G
I will ask Mr. Boyer or Mr. Dickinson if they know whether acquisition of the land up to Bradshaw Reservoir has been completed.
I i
1 i
(Mr. Dickinson responding)
A I don't know.
G Mr. Boyer?
(Mr. Boyer responding)
A I don't know that detail.
G You say you've been getting monthly reports i
from NWRA.
i i
A Yes.
l MR. CONNER:
Before you start, i
NbO M
- a
75 1
i l
I can I clarify sonething on the record?
i, MR. SUGARMAN:
Yas.
MR. CONNER:
The document chat i
has just been the subject of the colloquy i
between Mr. Sugarman and Mr. Bourquard, j
i is a letter relating to a hearing schedule, f.
which I sent to the council on June 3 0 th.
But the document that I thought you were referring to, Mr. Sugarman -- and l
t I was referring to earlier -- was the con-l r
struction schedule that the Board also I
l, asked be furnished to it.
l i
f And that is a second document, I
which I am noting, at this point in the l
i record, so there won ' t be confusion later.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Very good.
MR. CONNER:
Both of which have I
i the date, December 15th, 1982, as the time t
for the start of construction for NWRA in it, as I remembered.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Very good.
i MR. CONNER:
Excuse ne.
l
-a
5 l
77 MR. SUGARMAN:
That's all right.
t 3Y MR. SUGARMAN:
G Are the monthly reports that you receive from I
NWRA part of the file that you have made available to us?
i i
(Mr. Dickinson responding)
A No.
i G
Is there some reason for that?
(Mr. Soyer responding) i A
I don't see where they were pertinent to these!
I i
three questions.
l l
0 I thought yesterday you said that you would make them available, and that they were part of the I
1 l
material you brought with you.
i A
I don't recollect tha t.
l (Mr. Dickinson responding) f i
A I recall saying they were here.
i MR. SUGARMAN:
I would ask that j
s they be made available.
MR. CONNER:
For what purpose?
We want to cooperate.
But there is all kinds of reports about this.
There are only l
l
78 l
i i
three contancions.
Cr perhaps if you would
{
i l
be specific, maybe the witnesses can answer f
you.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Well, I think that if there is nothing in those three reports that relates to any of the three contentions,
I would be very surprised.
But I would -- if that's a represen !
I' tation that they are going to make, there is not anything in any of those monthly reports that relates to any of the issues in this proceeding, that are contentions in this l,
proceeding, I would lika to have a represen-tation to that effect from you, Mr. Conner.
MR. CONNER:
Never seen the re-i ports, I'm afraid I can't do it.
But I l
accept Mr. Boyer's --
f MR. SUGARMAN:
I don't know Mr.
Boyer is prepared to make that representa-tion.
MR. CONNER:
I thought he just did, i
MR. BOYER:
I would have to review
73 each of those.
There is nothing significant l
i in there, in ny view, that is not included in the other documents.
l l
1 MR. SUGARMAN:
But I think I'm entit' led to see it in those reports, if it l
is relevant to any of the three issues.
MR. BOYER:
We will have to examine them, and see whether they are relavant to the issues then.
l MR. SUGARMAN:
Okay.
I would appreciate that.
Then the next point that I would make is that I'm sure those docunents deal i
with the question of timing.
And the question of timing is something that I had l
l reserved.
It did not come up in the conten-tions, but it comes up in these proceedings, i
And, again, Mr. Conner, I think the Board made clear to you that they would want to have that information.
MR. CONNER:
I don't think they
~
l t
l 30 j
i said it quita that way.
3ut we have agreed l
{
to try to provide that informatica en the timing, to the extent that we had it.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Right.
And those reports must relate to that.
MR. CONNER:
You can't argue with me.
I have never seen them.
I don't kn ow.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Well, I think it was, really, in all fairness, that -- I i
understand we're all moving along as fast l
as we can here.
But I really think that that's material that should have been ob-viously related to those issues.
But I unders tand --
j i
i MR. CONNER:
Mr. Sugarman, I can I
assure you that I have seen hundreds of pages in this case tha t I know do not re-late to any of these contentions.
s.
MR. SUGARMAN:
I'm sure you have.
But what I don't understand is, how we i
could get on this business of being so l
l urgent about this withcut your having even
i l
31 i
been aware of the existance Of these nonthly reports, which must have related to timing.
i And if you were aware of the i
l existence of those reports, I'm sure you would have produced th em.
MR. CONNER:
Mr. Sugarman, I l
repeat, there are hundreds of pieces of paper in this case.
I'm net ever going to read them all.
And there is no jury here.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Well, I would ask i,
that they be produced for that purpose --
i for those purposes.
i MR. CONNER:
We will look at th em,
i and see what was there again.
If there is anything relating to these three contentions, we will produce them.
l MR. SUGARMAN:
That would include i
the costs and the alternatives and the timing.,
That's my request.
And I request them on the basis that they are discoverable, according to NRC precedent.
They are available, if they SHORTHAND SERVICE.. COURT REPCRTER$
t f
32 i
f may lead to admissible evidence.
MR. CONUER:
That's what I was trying to say earlier when you were going on and on.
We will make them available if th ere is anything in there on them.
Because I agree with you on that.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Okay.
MR. CONNER:
I don't agree with the NRC precedence, but you're correct as l
to what they hold.
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
l f
G Mr. Boyer, you indicated before that there j
l would be -- and forgive me for not knowing the termin-ology -- but that there would be some activity between July, the fuel insertion or load up the fuel, in the I
summer of
'84, to the fall of
'84, according to the l
schedule; is that correct?
(Mr. Boycr responding) s A
Preoperational tests were being finalized during ithat time just prior to fuel loading.
These will include heat up of the system.
There will be some heat to be dissipated.
We must check out the
[
SHORTHAND SERVICE.. COURT REPORTERS
63 overall system of water flow, controls, and whatnot.
i And you need water available to do tha t.
So than the l l
sys tem will be ready f or operation f ollowing fuel I
f loading.
l l
0 Ready for operation when?
i l
A Following fuel loading, which means going to power.
O Well, how do those phases, or how do those r
activities, relate to construction complecion?
Are those activities following, or part of construction completion?
l A
Well, there are different peoples definition I
of construction completion.
l 4
I mean by the company 's definition of con-I struction completion.
l MR. CONNER:
Could I try to explain this very quickly?
MR. SUGARMAN:
Please.
s.
MR. CONNER:
In the NRC practice,
you cannot load fuel into a reactor until, quote, construction is completed within the meaning of the Atomic Energy Act.
SHORTHAND SERVICE.. COURT REPORTERS
l i '.
There are certain prsoperational i
taats, which must be done to demonstrata various things have been cons tructed within I
the meaning of the construcuion permit.
l l
This preoperational tasting phase j
i i
must be completed before you reach that magic moment when construction, in quotas, 4
is complete, and the operating license can be issued.
j i
Until that operating license is l
l issued, no fuel =ay be inserted into the l
reactor.
So for purposes of NRC licensing, l
construction is not completed until all the preoperational testing has been done.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Okay.
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
i G
Let me ask if tha t is the meaning that Phila-delphia Electric attaches when it provides the NRC with updated construction completion dates, reports?
MR. CONITER :
I'm sure it is.
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
j SHORTHAND SERVICE.. COURT REPORTER 5
03 O
Cuarterly updates.
l What does the word construction i
l completion date mean in these reports?
(Mr. Soyer responding) l A
Ready for fuel leading.
G In other words, operating license issued?
l A
Operating license to be issued, right.
O And that date is when for Linerick Unit Cne?
i A
Between July and Cctober, 1984.
MR. CONNER:
Just f or the record.
I then, so you will know, and maybe it will I
save time later, ccamerical operation is i
what goes on after you have had your fuel loading and initial testing.
MR. SUGARMAN:
Thank you.
i l
MR. BOYER:
And consent to full l
l power.
i MR. CONNER:
And that can be a s.,
period of three to six months af ter fuel i
loading, roughly.
MR. SUGARMAN:
All right.
BY MR. SUGARMAN:
SHORTHAND SERVICE.. COURT REPORTERS
i 36 i
C Now, has the applicant, Philadelphia Ilec ric, done anything to develop, or to update ecmparisons of Point Pleasant, with alternative supplemental cooling water sources, since the publication of the environ-i mental report on Bradshaw Reservoir in July, 19797 i
(Mr. Boyer responding) l 1
No.
G Has the company evaluated, in any way, shape, i or form, what the alternatives -- strika that.
Has the company considered how the I
relative advantages and disadvantages of the previously 1
i i
studied alternatives might be affected by the deletion of unit two of Limerick?
MR. CONNER:
Objection; irrelevant to any of the contentions.
1 i
MR. SUGARMAN:
I think it is ex-caedingly relevant to the contention with respect to the environmental impacts of the proposed project, and the potential for selection of alternative sources of water.
l MR. CONNER:
I'm sorry.
What contention is that?
SHORTHAND SERVICZ.- COURT REPORTERS
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w/ nclosure s
a oen :.. mc. nes, Chier s:5 :cnn.e :21 m ranen, w /: :clesure Roy E. De-ark, Jr., Chief Pe=its 3:anch, w / Enclosure V'
n
L.
SEP 14 W82 2,.[q in NESHAhiINT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEhi NESHAhiINY WATER RESOURCES AUTHORITY - BUCKS COUNTY POINT PLEASANT PUMPING STATION INTAKE FACILITIES GENERAL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES September 9,1981 The construction procedures for installation of the facilities comprising the Point Pleasant Pumping Station Intake v'ill require the following general activities, the sequence and extent of which may be varied by the Contractor within the constraints imposed by the specifications and by pertinent permit re quirements. The location and general plan of the Station are shown on the accompanying Exhibit No. 1.
Prior to the start of construction, there win be a pre-blasting survey and report, plus submission of blasting plans to the S: ate for approval, which c
plans will include a test blasting program and provision for monitoring and surveillance during construction blas ting. Als o, prov-isions will be made for an archaeologist's services. Additionally, the necess ary permits will have been obtained and any required notifications given in compliance with the per-mit requirements.
1 The firs t phas e of the construction activities will be ins tallation of sedi-l ment and erosion control measures; and the staking of limits of wetlands.for protection thereof. This will be followed by the clearing of Station site and intake alignment other than wetlands; and the salvaging of usable timber and chipping of slashings. Selected trees will be preserved and stumps will be disposed of in designated areas. Area No. 1, shown on Exhibit No. 1, will be the equipment and material storage area.
Firs t Phase - Installation of Intake Conduit Under the Canal.
Installation of the intake conduit under the Canal will be accomplished in t
the dry. The first step will be the installation of a temporary roadway and dike W)d h Sk Yu $00E g:d8
'7-f- //
f.
across the Canal, where shown on Exhibit No. 1, utilizing materials excavated from the site. There will be two drainage culverts in this dike with slide gates on the downstream ends. Immediately upstream of Lock No. 14 is an overflow weir which will be set to divert all water above a certain elevation to the Delaware P.iver. Temporary pumping facilities win be instaned, where shown on Exhibit No. 1, to deliver Delaware Rive r water to :.he Canal. The slide gates on the culverts through the temporary roadway will be closed and the pumping facilities will be started.
The next step will be to remove the water, and any fish, from the section of the Canal between the Lock No. 14 and the temporary roadway. The water will be pumped to a sedimentation basin and the fish delivered either to the downstream section of the Canal or to the River, per directions from the Fish C ommis,s ion. Excavation of the trench for installation of the intake conduit be-tween Stations 4+70 and 6+60 can then proceed. The sides of the trench win be supportedby the use of contact sheeting and soldier piles tied back into the rock by anchor bars, as shown on the cross section in the upper right-hand 6
corner of Exhibit No. 1 The excavation will be performed by dragline, sho-vels and /or pans. The trench is to be dewatered as necessary by pumping to the nearby sedimentation basin for containment and filtering of the dis charges resulting from the dewatering activities. The rock will be ripped to the extent
- possible, but some blasting will be required. The rock and soils excavated for the instauation will be temporarily stockpiled on the adjoining section of the Station site or in Area No. 2 After a reach of the trench has been exca-vated to grade, the conduit will be placed and tested, and the trench backfilled I
using the excavated materials which had been previously stockpiled. The pipe will then continue to be installed and backfilled by reaches until the conduit is in place from Station 4+70 to Station 6+60. The' surface of the excavated portion of the Canal will be shaped to original section, and s egregated impervious soils from the trench excavation and from the Station site win be used for replace-ment of the Canal lining.
The next action will be the opening of the slide gates on the culverts in the temporary roadway to fill the Canal with water. The bypass gate of Lock No.14 and the upstream overflow weir will then be adjusted to pass water through that s ection of the Canal, and the temporary p. r. ping facilities will i
be removed.
Next Phase - Ins tallation of Remainder of Intake Conduit and Gate Well.
After the required clearing, the remainder of the intake conduit between the Canal and the gate wen will also be installed in the dry by us e of sheeting and the necessary dewatering. Some blas ting will be required and the exca-vated soils and rock will be temporarily stockpiled in Area No. 2 and/or along the pipe alignment and within the limits of the area to be disturbed by the ins ta11ation. Sediment and erosion control measures will be installed and utilized as necessary to minimize the flow of sedimen; into the River. O c cu -
pancy of the wetlands for an activities will be res tricted ta that required for s
the coniiuit insta11ation.
s.
\\
The gate well and appurtenant facilities ' ill be installed using the same w
procedures as used in the intake conduit installation, including the ercayAtion
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and dewatering methods; the temporary stockpiling of excavaEed niaterials; disposal of excessive or unsuitable excavated materials ; and the protection I
of the wetlands, together with appropriate sediment and erosion control mea-sures.
a Third Phase - Installation of River Intake Screens and the Three Intake Pipes.
t The installations of the River intake screens and the three reinfore d I
concrete intake pipes are to be scheduled for a period during the months of E
November through March to avoid dis turbance of aquatic life during the spawning s eas on.
These facilities are to be installed by the use of barges r.nd divers ; Foundations for the screen units are to consist of cylindrical re-inforced concrete units which will be embedded in the River bottom. These will be placed by drilling or by use of caissons. Required excavation for the 1
installation of the foundations will be by use of a' harge mounted clamshell or dragline, with n.aterials being temporarily stockpiled on a barge prior to s
\\ x s
selected use as a backfill for the installation. Most of the rock excavation can be performed by ripping but at the site of the intake screens, the lower two feet of rock excavation is expected to require blasting. Pre -as s embled screen units will be set in place on the foundations and connected thereto by divers. The trench for the three intake pipes will also be excavated by barge mounted equipment, and barges will be used for temporary stockpiling of excavated materials. The trench excavation is expected to encounter no rock, except near the s creens and between the shoreline and the gate well, and most of the rock appears to be rippable. The intake pipes, which will have sub-aqueous joints, will then be placed and connected by divers. Selected backfill will then be placed from temporary storage on barges. Excess excavation would be used for fill or placed in Area No. 2, the capacity of which is more than adequate for such purpose. Usable rock from rock excavation at the site will be utilized for riprap at the intake s creens.
Final Phas e - Completion of Construction.
Construction of the intake tes under the Canal and out into the River t
.c will be completed by removal ot... cess material from the s tockpile at Arer. No.
2; final grading of disturbed areas and permanent access road construction; and permanent seeding and land, scaping. The temporary access road across the
. Canal will be removed and the affected sections of Canal will be restored.
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3608 NonTH PROGRESS AVENTTE
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HARRIsBURo. PENNSYLVANIA 17110 TELI.Paows 717.632.8620 (1.2 MILas Noarn or PRooRzes AVENUE
,r 7 INTERCHANom No. 24 or I.81) 4
. 6 i
September 3, 1982 j'.'
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Mr. Robert H.
Bourquard E. H.
Bourquard' Associates, Inc.
1400 Randolph Street Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17104 Re:
Bradshaw Reservoir & Pumping Station Plumstead Township Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Dear Bob:
As requested during the August 3 meeting in your office, and I
in accordance with our telephone conversations of yesterday and today, you will find enclosed two (2) copies of a revised
" Specification for Off-Site Borrow Soils" for the referenced project.
Very truly yours, F.
T. KITLINSKI & ASSOCIATES, INC.
.g y -/h -
C Felix T. Kitlinski, P.E.
FTK/kp Enclosures
F. T. KITLIN s KI &
As s o CI ATEs, IN C.
CONMULTING GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS FELIX T. KITLIN5K2, F. L 3608 NORTH PROGRESS AVENUE TELEPh0NE 717.652.8620 (1.2 MILES NORTH OF PROGRESS AVENUE INTERCHANGE NO. 24 OF I.81)
April 12, 1982 (Revised September 3, 1982)
SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFF-SITE BORROW SOILS TO BE USED FOR RESERVOIR EMBANKMENT BRADSHAW RESERVOIR & PUMPING STATION PLUMSTEAD TOWNSHIP BUCKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA For E.H.
BOURQUARD ASSOCIATES, INC.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA A.
Materials - Impervious Fill All materials to be hauled from off-site sources to meet the I
reservoir embankment quantity requirements shall be suitable imper-1 vious, inorganic, fill consisting of uniformly-graded silty clays l
l and clayey silts with the amount of friable rock fragments not I
exceeding more than 20 percent of the total mass, but averaging eight (8) percent or less.
Soils classified as impervious fill shall contain at least 65 percent, by weight, of material finer than the No. 200 mesh sieve with the average percent passing the No. 200 mesh sieve being at least 80 percent.
All soils shall classify as ML, CL or ML-CL types according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS).
They shall not have a liquid limit (LL) exceeding 50 and shall have plasticity indices (PI) ranging from at least two (2) to a maximum of 22.
No cobbles, S
boulders or otherwise durable rock fragments having a maximum dimension in excess of four (4) inches shall be included in the impervious fill.
In addition, the impervious fill materials, when subject.e,d to the Standard compaction Test, ASTM Designation 698, latest edition, shall indicate a maximum dry density at the optimum moisture content of at least 107.0 p.c.f.
(pounds per cubic foot).
All proposed' "off-site" sources of supply shall be first approved by the design consulting engineer or his retained consulting geotechnical engineer prior to being hauled to the site.
All fill materials, regardless of type or source shall be free of topsoil,' wood, lumber, roots, grass, rubbish, metal, l
organic content, or other deleterious material.
All "off-site" material proposed for use as impervious fill ahall require demonstration of suitability by grain size distri-i bution, plasticity and compaction tests, the results of which must be first approved by the design consulting engineer or his retained consulting geotechnical engineer prior to any hauling to the site.
If during the excavation and hauling of the impervious fill l
from the approved borrow pit it becomes apparent that the appear-l ance and characteristics of the fill material change to an extent readily noticeable by visual inspection, a complete classification and new compaction control curve will be obtained.
l l
If such additional testing indicates the material does not meet I
the previously approved kind, a new source shall be immediately 1
-2...
located by the contractor which shall be tested and approved prior to the material being hauled to the project site.
B.
Testing All required testing of impervious fill materials shall be performed by the owner and/or design consulting engineer at the owner's expense.
Proposed sources of impervious borrow materials shall be sampled by the owner's representative; however, the contractor, at his expense, shall make available the necessary excavating equipment and labor to permit the procurement of suitable soil samples considered representative of the borrow material proposed for use.
C.
Measurement of Ouantities Approved impervious fill to be hauled to the project site shall be paid for on a cubic yard basis according to the in-place quantity calculated from the cross section(s) of the embankment section to be constructed using the 3-dimensional method, irre-spective of shrinkage, consolidation, haul distance, preparatory work or other features associated with establishing the borrow I
pit.
No other payment method, such as truck load measurements, cross sectioning of borrow pit, etc., shall be considered.
--o00--
E. H.GOURQUARD AS S O CI ATES, I N C.
WATER REscuRCCs CNGINEERING rLocD cmMTaoL esost=Ts w&TCs sup*Lv weSTCw&TCm DIseOSAL 14 00 R ANDQ6e*4 STACCT DawE & aCSCNvClas waTCm utsoueCES s t a.Y N o. 2 4, e vsestavt man Oma#NAGC STonwwaTCn M'. 4 %> AJLac M,3IES M a mmissu m G. P a, M v De CLO G s= BTUDIES FLDQO aNSumaNCC STUDtCE 171Da 34 57 CNvseDNMENTAL STUDICE TELCawCNC 17173 2 3 s + 9 5 0 5 0f2
.,, rs A^
j September 9, 1992 M
fi r. Rex Wescott, U.
S. !7uclea r Regulatory Commission, 7920 tiorfolk Ave.,
Bethesda, MD 20014.
Re: Bradshaw Reservoir and Pumping Station
Dear Mr. Westcott:
In accordance with our phone conversation today, enclosed are the following:
1.
Bradshaw Reservoir Specification Section 02220, Earth Fill.
2.
Soil Testing for Engineers, Lambe, Chapter VI, Permeability Test.
Item 1 specifies the requirements the Contractor must follow in construction of the earthen dam and impervious liner.
As we discussed, there will be no specific permeability requirement for the Contractor to meet. However, the material as specified should provide a maxim 6m in place permeability of 0.000005 cm/sec.
In the unlikely ev2nt the material would exceed this permeability, bentonite would be incorporated into the liner material as neces-sary to reduce the permeability.
Since the need for bentonite is unlikely, it has not been included in the Specification.
If needed, the additional work would be carried out under a Contract change order.
Item 2 describes the permeability test procedure.
Tests will be conducted at the Contractor's proposed off-site borrow area on the natural undisturbed material and also on the liner after compaction.
Undisturbed samples will be taken at both locations.
The variable head method will be used.
Sincerely yours, N
Robert H.
Bourqu
.d RHS/bs Encl. As !!oted c.c.
Dave Morad, PSCO w/ encl.
SE 9IW SECTION 02220 EARTH FILL PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED A.
Construct earth embankments and other earth fills re-quired by the Drawings and Specifications.
1.02 RELATED WORK A.
Section 02210:
Salvaging and Spreading Topsoil.
B.
Section 02211:
Excavation.
C.
Section 02265:
Water for Construction.
D.
Section 02266:
Removal of Water j
l 1.03 REFERENCES A.
ASTM D698 - Moisture Density Relations of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 5.5 lb. (2.49 kg) Rammer and 12-in. (305 mm) Drop.
PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.01 MATERIALS A.
On-site Borrow Areas.
1.
Obtain suitable fill material from required excava-tions and designated borrow areas.
B.
Off-site Borrow Areas.
1.
Locate a suitable off-site borrow area (s), notify the Owner of its location and arrange for entry to the site for testing and sampling.
Provide the necessary excavating equipment and labor to permit the procurement of soil samples considered repre-sentative of the borrow material proposed for use.
The Owner will perform all field and laboratory testing of the material to determine its suitability for construction of the required fills.
2.
If in the judgment of the Owner.the material is suitable, the Contractor shall furnish such material l
from the approved off-site borrow area (s).
In the event the material is not suitable, the Contractor shall locate an additional borrow ares (s) and the process repeated until an approved borrow area (s) is located.
02220 - 1 812
3.
It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to locate the borrow area (s), purchase the material, furnish such material to the site, place and compact such material in accordance with the specifications and meet all governmental requirements.
4.
Impervious Material.
l a.
Off-site borrow material for reservoir embank-ment or impervious liner construction shall be suitable impervious, inorganic, fill consisting i
of uniformly-graded silty clays and clayey silts with the amount of friable rock fragments 4
not exceeding more than 20 percent of the total mass, but averaging eight (8) percent or less.
Soils classified as impervious fill shall con-tain at least 65 percent, by weight, of materi-al finer than the No. 200 mesh sieve with the average percent passing the No. 200 mesh sieve being at least 80 percent.
All soils shall be classify as ML, CL or ML-CL types according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS).
They shall not have a liquid limit (LL) exceeding 50 and shall have plasticity indices (PI) ranging from at least two (2) to a maximum of 22.
No cobbles, boulders or otherwise durable rock fragments having a maximum dimension in excess of four (4) inches shall be included in the impervious fill.
In addition, the impervious fill materials, when subjected to the Standard Compaction Test, ASTM Desig-nation 698, latest edition, shall indicate a maximum dry density at the optimum moisture content of at least 107.0 p.c.f.
(pounds per cubic foot).
All fill materials, regardless of type or source shall be free of topsoil, wood, lumber, roots, grass, rubbish, metal, organic content, or other deleterious material.
b.
All "off-site" material proposed for use as impervious fill shall require demonstration of suitability by grain size distribution, plasti-city and compaction tests, the results of which must be first approved by the owner.
c.
If during the excavation and hauling of the impervious fill from the approved borrow pit it becomes apparent that the appearance and char-acteristics of the fill material change to an extent readily noticeable by visual inspection, a complete classification and new compaction control curve will be obtained.
If such addi-tional testing indicates the material does not meet the previously approved kind, a new source shall be immediately located by the Contractor i
which shall be tested and approved prior to the material being hauled to the project site.
(2220 - 2 812
C.
Fill Material.
1.
The selection, blending, routing and disposition of materials is subject to the Owner approval.
2.
Material to be free from sod, brush, roots and rock particles larger than 3 inches.
PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 FOUNDATION PREPARATION A.
Strip foundations to remove vegetation, topsoil and other unsuitable materials.
3.
Grade foundation surface to remove irregularities and scarifice parallel to the axis of the fill to a minimum depth of 2 inches.
Control the moisture content of the loosened material as specified for the earth fill.
C.
Compact and bond the first layer of earth fill with the surface materials of the foundation.
D.
Clear loose material from rock foundations by hand or other effective means.
Remove standing water from rock foundations before placing fill.
3.02 PLACEMENT OF FILL A.
Complete the required excavation and foundation prepar-ation prior to placement of fill.
B.
Do not place fill on a frozen surface nor incorporate snow, ice or frozen material in the fill.
C.
Place fill in approximately horizontal layers not more than 8 inches before compaction.
D.
Uniformly spread materials in piles or windrows to not more than 8 inches in uncompacted thickness before com-paction.
E.
Spread material to be hand compacted or compacted by manual directed power tampers in layers not more than 4 inches thick before compaction.
F.
Adjacent to structures, place fill in such a manner to prevent damage to the structures and to allow the struc-tures to assume the loads from the fill gradually and uniformly.
Increase the height of the fill at the same rate on all sides of the structure.
Do not place fill against structures before the time interval listed below.
l l
l 02220 - 3 812 i
I
Structure Time Interval 1.
Retaining walls 14 days 2.
Walls backfilled on both sides simultaneously 7 days 3.
Conduits and spillway risers, cast in place (with inside forms in place) 7 days 4.
Spillway risers (inside forms removed) 14 days 5.
Conduits, precast, cradled 2 days 6.
Conduits, precast, bedded 1 day 7.
Antiseep collars 3 days G.
Place fill for earth fill dams, levees and other struc-tures designed to restrain the movement of water in accordance with the following requirements:
1.
Place fill so that the distribution of materials throughout each zone is essentially uniform.
Fill to be free from lenses, pockets, streaks, or layers of material differing substantially in texture or gradation from surrounding material.
2.
If the surface of any layer becomes too hard and smooth for proper bond with the succeeding layer, scarifice it parallel to the axis of the fill to a depth of not less than 2 inches before the next layer is placed.
3.
Maintain the top surface of embankments approxi-mately level during construction.
Provide a crown or cross-slope of not less than 2 percent to insure effective drainage.
If the Drawings or Specifica-tions require or the Owner directs that fill be placed at a higher level in one part of an embank-ment than another, maintain the top surface of each part as specified above.
4.
Construct dam embankments in continuous layers the entire length.
Openings may be provided to facili-tate construction or to allow the passage of stream flow.
5.
If an embankment is built at different levels, pro-vide a maximum slope of 3 to 1 at their junction.
Strip the bonding surface of the higher embankment of all loose material and scarifice, moisten the soil and recompact when new fill is placed against it to insure a good bond between the two fills and to obtain the specified moisture content and density in the junction.
3.03 CONTROL OF MOISTURE CONTENT A.
Moisture content of the material at the time of compac-tion to be not more than 3 percentage points above or one percent below the optimum moisture content.
Soils con-taining free water or soils having moisture contents greater than a moisture content midway between the liquid and plastic limits for the material are considered too 02220 -4 812
wet for placement in the embankment.
If they are used, dry prior to placement.
Accelerate drying action by discing, harrowing, or manipulating to the extent neces-sary to reduce the moisture content to within the speci-fied limits.
When the material is more than one percent-age point below optimum, wet the material by sprinkling uniformly, and disc or harrow to obtain uniform distribu-tion of the moisture content to within the specified limits.
B.
Scarifice and dry or moisten the previously placed layers when necessary to produce a suitable bond for the suc-ceeding layer.
3.04 COMPACTION A.
When the moisture content and condition of the layer is satisfactory, compact by tamping rollers to a density of at least 95% of the maximum density as determined by ASTM D698.
B.
Tamping rollers to consist of one or more heavy duty double drum units with a drum diameter of not less than 60 inches.
The drums to be capable of being ballasted.
Each drum to have staggered feet uniformly spaced over the cylindrical surface such as to provide approximately three tamping feet for each two square feet of drum sur-face with the distance between the feet equal to or greater than 9 inches.
The tamping feet to be 8 to 10 inches in clear projection from the cylindrical surface of the roller and to have a face area of not less than 6 nor more than 10 square inches.
The roller to be equipped with cleaning fingers, so designed and attached as to prevent the accumulation of material between the tamping feet.
The weight of the roller to be not less than 4,000 pounds per foot of linear drum length bal-lasted, and not more than 3,250 pounds per foot of drum length empty.
The loading to be such as to obtain the specified compaction.
The roller to be pulled by a crawler-type tractor of sufficient power to operate the roller at a speed of approximately 3 mph.
C.
Use power driven hand tampers, vibratory or other satis-factory tampers to tamp around structures or other loca-tions where larger rollers cannot satisfactorily compact the material.
D.
Compaction rollers of other designs may be used after approval by the Owner provided the requirements for compaction and other specified requirements are met.
02220 - 5 812
t 3.05 RE'10 VAL AND PLACEMENT OF DEFECTIVE FILL A.
Remove or rework fill placed at densities lower than the specified minimum density or at moisture contents outside the specified acceptable range.
3.06 TESTING A.
During the course of the work, the Owner will perform such tests as are required to-identify materials, to determine compaction characteristics, to determine mois-ture content, to determine permeability and to determine density of fill in place.
These tests performed by the Owner will be used to verify that the fills conform to the requirements of the Specifications.
Such tests are not intended to provide the Contractor with the information required by him for the proper execution of the work and their performance shall not relieve the Contractor of the necessity to perform tests for that purpose.
END OF SECTION i
i 02220 - 6 812
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L CHAPTER VI r
L Permeability Test r
Introduction is sensitive to changes in temperature. Equation VI-3 A hundred years ago, Darcy showed experimentally expresses the relationship between viscosity and per-l that the rate of water q flowing through soil of cross-meability.
sectional aren A was proportional to the imposed
- 3. The void ratio of the soil. The major influence gradient i or of void ratio on permeability is discussed later in this
[
g chapter.
]~i q = kiA
- 4. The shapes and arrangement of pores. Although permeability depends on the shapes and arrangement The cocGcient of proportionality k has been called of pores, this dependency is dimcult to express mathe-
" Darcy's cocmcient of permeability" or "cocmcient of matically, permeability" or " permeability." 5 Thus permeability
- 5. The degree of saturation. An increase in the de-is a soil property which indicates the case with which gree of saturation of a soil causes an increase in per-h water: will flow through the soil.
"2eability. This effect is illustrated by Fig. VI-1.
Permeability enters all problems involving flow of For testing sands and silts, the normal procedure is water through soils, such as seepage under dams, the first to determine, by laboratory tests on disturbed squeezing out of water from a soil by the application samples, the relationship of void ratio to permen-of n load, and drainage of subgnules, dams, and back-bility. After obtaining the in situ void ratio of the tilla. An will im discunneil in later chaptern, the elTec-
.suil, we enn predict the in ailu permenhility by using tive strength of a soil is often indirectly controlled by the void ratio-permeability curve determined in the its permeability.
laboratory. This procedure is the most feasible one Permeability depends on a number of factors. The because of the dimculty of obtaining undisturbed mam ones are:
samples of cohesionicss soils. It should be remem-r
- 1. The size of the soil grnins. As pointed out on bered, however, that many soils have widely different 5
[
page 30, permeability appears to be proportional to permeabilities along the stratification and perpen-the square of an effective grain size. This propor-dicular to it, and, therefore, the results obtained on I
tionality is due to the fact that the pore size, which is disturbed samples may be of littic real significance.
[
the primary variable, is related to particle size.
The permeability of an undisturbed sample of clay
- 2. The properties of the pore finid. The only im-ran be eletermined directly at. several different void i
puttanL variable of water is viscosity, which in turn ratins while running a consolidatien test, as described i
5 The thrre tenus are uwd interchungenhly, even though the in Chapter IX.
use here of "roctlicient" may be questioned. The coccicicut is At least four laboratory methods of measuring the not dimensionless, but luis the units of velocity.
permeability of a soil are available. The variable
= The soil engineer nucly deals with pure fluids other than wa t er.
Ilowever, the permeability of a soil can also be ob-8 Very frequently the permeability along the stratincation is y
tained fur fluids such us oil, five to fifty times as large as that across it.
52 Ii b
t
[
Cliap. Vi]
Permenteility Test 53 head and constant head tests arc presented in this
- 2. Standpipe l
chapter. The capillarity method is ' presented in
- 3. Deairing and saturating device J
Chapter VIII; the use of consolidation test dat t to
- 4. Support frame and clamps compute permeability is discussed in Chapter IX.
Cencral The var, bic acad test is normally more convenient
- 1. Wooden hammer m
for cohesinnicss so, s than the constant head test be-
- 2. Bd W im em bd dwh d
cause of the simpler instrumentation. There are con-
- 3. Supply of distilled, dcaired water ditions, howcycr, tmdcr which the constant, head test
- 4. T,neuum supply is preferabic: for example, for the tests on partintly
- 5. B: dance (0.1 g sensitivity) 8.0
- 6. Drying oven l
l
- 7. Desiccator '
Franklin Falls in lo'* em/sec
- 8. Scalc
("' "p[c'"5 l", $$',*/5[
- 0. Thermometer (0.1* sensitivity) 7.0
,j,
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- 10. Stop clock ottawa in 10em/sec
- 11. Ruhher tubing 6.0
- 12. Evaporating dish
[
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- 13. Funnel Unicn fails sand 3
c = o65
=
- 14. Pinch clamps 4
E
+
y 5.0 g
Figure VI-2 is a diagrammatic sketch of a variable 3
head test setup which has proved satisfactory. In
} 4.0 the laboratory, the parts can be permanently mounted
",","[* H 5 to a panel or simply held to a support frame by 5
Fort Peck sand
/
3 e = 038 e - c.73 clamps. The use of a transparent material, such as hicite, for the permcameter and water chamber is 3.0
/p.
gn, e = o 48 highly desirable, because it facilitates the measurc-y 2.0 ment of the length of soil sample, L, and aids the de-tection of any air bub,hics or movement of soil fines during the test. Likewise the water level in a trans-parent water chamber can be observed. The measur-7g ing of the soil length can be further facilitated by the 70 so go 3o0 Degree of saturationinf.
cementing of graph paper strips, with units of length Ficurre VI-1. Perrnenbility versus degree of saturation for marked on them, to the outside of the pccmcametcr.
various sands. (Data from reference VI-6.)
It is good policy to number cach permcameter and standpipe, and mark on cach its cross-sectional area.
saturated soils (discussed in Chapter VIII) and for The bottom screen m the permcameter should be at-direct permeability determinations in conjuncion with tached by some type of inside wedge and not screws, l
consolidation tests (discussed in Chapter IX) on cer-since screw holcs are a possible source of leaks when tain soils.
the permcameter is evacuated.
Apparatus and Supplies
- The tubing should be either metal, high-pressure Variable IIcad Test rubber (sce Fig.. VI-2), or some other material which can resist the applied vacuum. If low-pressure tub-Special ing is used between the standpipe and the permeam-
- 1. Permcameter tube s (a) Two screens eter, it will decrease in diameter as the hydrostat.ic (b) Two rubber stoppers pressure' decreases because of a lowering of the water (c) Spring level in the standpipe. To prevent, errors from such ups, h anmunt of tu% b Q cuny n
- The npparatus for this test is described in more detail than
- t. ion should bc kept to a minimum. Watcr traps m j
for some of the other tests because it is more often constructed in the soils laboratory from stock materints.
the line precedi:.g the manometcrs are desirabic to i
- The desirable size of a permc:unetcr depends on the soil to prcycnt watcr from flowing into the manometers dur-be tested. Permenmeters in the ncighborhood of 4 cm in di-ing the saturating process.
]
nmeter and 3a em long have been found satisfactory for many soils. See page 58.
e A desicentur may not bc necdcd. See page 10.
i 2!
7 Soil Testing
[Chup. VI 51 The cimice of stumlpipe size shoubt he made with listed for the variable head test. The additional items ergant 1o. tho nil to he te, ted. For n roar-c t and, n
. depenil on the type of actup n3cd.
standpipe whu=c diameter is approxinmtely equal to in Fig. VI-3 are shown diagrammatically two test that of the permcameter is u=ually =ati= factory. On setups for running the con =tunt head test. Although I
L,.,-
To dishlied
~
f water supply l
L r-e o
n
^
J I
I,IP
\\
[
'i l
l
-Water traps '
.I f andpipe
.e St m
@l r
2 s
e 00 a
p==G m
n 2 :
.s 2
~
~
2 R
f Aspirator) o.
- f kf i!
bett!e l 2 4;
e Manometer-.
['
Manometer
=
N.--Thermometer
~
i a
-i
-e e
1 Y
b' C
Ltd C
~
l kW, l
H-.
w
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'W
- h. To vacuum 7EScreen
~
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g
, '.yPermcameter d
/
~h k
e 4
,r
.t E.
r-
. f-- Screen
_3 L
E3 8
.g u
- _ =-=-;&q' i.-
\\
p i
J]
y Constant l
l head chamber E-f Facua VI-2. Setup for variable head penneubility test.
I-
'the other hand, fine silts may necessitate a standpipe the one on the left is simpler, it should be used only whose di:uneter is one-tenth or less of the permeam-for soils of high permeability. This limitation is due eter diameter.
to the fact that, if the soil is relatively impermeable, Con tant IIcud Test. There are several items the rate of flow is low, and thus the loss of water by needed for the cun= tant head test in addition to those evapuration can become an important consideration.
Iha A
V l
Chati. V ]
Permeability Test 55 The balloons (Fig. VI-35) furnish a convenient be applied to the water to obtain the additional head means of preventing evaporation. If the air insidc sometimes needed for testing impermeable sails.
them is allowed to become saturated with water vapor prior to testing, no evaporation will occur dur-Itecommended Procedure 7 ing the test (unless the atmospheric pressure or tem-The detailed procedures described below are for pcrature changes). The balloons should be kept very soils which are cohesionicss; permeability determina-loose so that the pressure in them will be essentially tions on fine-grained soils arc discussed in Chapter IX.
atmospheric.
If the diameter of the water supply bottle (Fig.
Vnrinble IIend Test VI-36) is large relative to the diameter of the per-
- 1. Measure the inside diameter of the standpipe and mcameter, the value of h can usually be considered permcameter.
H l
1
@C-'2] -.
Water
~ ~, _ _
~
supply
{]
y_. J Water q
supply i
l l
.=
l Thermometer 3
-Thermometer g
y gPermeameter Permeameterj 7
- 8M8
- A area = A l
'7 4
Balloon) l f*
1
- u-v
/[=Q 5 Constant
)
' head chamber Ea rq s'
P
-- r:
-Graduate Con l
head chamber i
l I
E Graduates 3 l
I (a)
(6)
Fiounn VI-3. Setup for constant he>ul permenhility test.
i constant for a tcst. The water level in the bottle
- 2. Obtain to 0.1 g the weight of the empt'y per-should be recorded at the start and completion of the menmeter plus screens, stoppers, and spring.
I test to check the degree of validity of this assump-7 A student doing this test for the first time should be able Lion. The use of a bottic for the water supply has to test a cohesionicss soil at three or four void ratios in 2 to 9,wo advantages; it is a convenient means of storing 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> and do the enmputations in about sin hour. He prob-water between tests, and it casily permits pressure to ably will need supervision for the first part of 'tha test.
[Chup. VI l-Soil Testing 56 well as in the line from the permeameter into the con-
- 3. Load the permenmeter with dry soil
- to a loose, stand head chamber.
imifonn density by pouring the soil in.*
- 12. Ih gin tho Int by opening valve p; 3 tart the timer
- 1. l'ince tin: top nercen, apring, and hvo atopperm in as the water level falls to ho and recuni the etapacd times the tube. The spring should be compressed so that it when the water !cvel reaches V' huh and h. Stop the 1,._
t i
will apply a prenure to the soil and help keep it in flow after the level pa.sses h by closing p.
i place when it is saturated.
- 13. Obtain temperature readings at the head water
- 5. Weigh the filled pernicameter; the difference be-end of Ihe sample and in the constant head chamhcr.
tween the two weights is the amount of soil used.
- 14. Compare the elapsed time required for fall from
- 6. Plaec the filled permeameter in position for test-ho to Vhdo with that for Vhuh to h." If thesc i
i ing as shown in Fig. VI-2.
- 7. Evacuate the sample to an absolute pressure of times do not agree within 27o or 37o,iefill and rerun."
- 15. When a good run has been obtained, decrease only a few centimeters of Hg by the following, method:
the void ratio by tapping the side of the permeameter in) Close all valves shown in Fig. VI-2.
(b) Open valves g, 4, j, h, f, e, d, c, and 6.
with the wooden hammer.
S. After waiting some 10 to 15 minutes for the re-JG. Remeasure the sample length and obtain time moval of air, saturate the soil by the following observations for the falling head in the standpipe as was donc for the previous void ratio.
method:
(u) Close valves f, y, and h.
Constant IIcad Test (b) Open valve n.
The water will enter the soil
- 1. Place the soil in a measured permcameter, weigh, because of the capillary attraction aided by the dif-and saturate as in the variable head test (steps 1--8).
ference in elevation between water chamber and
- 2. Measure the value of the head, h, and specimen If more head difference is needed, it permcameter.
can be obtained by slightly opening vent m. The length, L.
- 3. Start flow by opening valve a (sce Fig. VI-3).
difierence in ceadings of the two manometers will
- 4. After allowing a few minutes for equilibrium indicate the additional pressure head that is thus conditions to be reached, obtain graduate and time g_
obtained.
rendings.
(c) Allow the water to saturate the sample and
- 5. After a sufficient amount of water has collected p
rise up to valve b, then close n.
in the graduate for a satisfactory measure of its L
Sub-(d) Release the vacuum on the sample by first y lume, take graduate and time observations.
m h graduate and time readings obtamed m closing h and d, and then slowly opening y and m.
p (c) Any air bubble in the permemneter above step 4 from the respective values obtamed m this step the mo.d shouhl be removed by slightly opening the to give Q and t for Eq. VI-2.
upper stopper while applying water through q, witli
- 6. Record the temperature of the water every few d closed. Any bubble in the bol. tom should be rc-minutes.
moved through s, while applying water through n
- 7. Change the void ratio of the soil as was donc in the variable head test, and take another series of p
with m open.
U. Meaaure the length of sample L and locate and graduate and time readings. Meastut the specimen L_
measure the heads ho and h. The top limit of ho is length at each void ratio.
i a.
selected at the upper end of the standpipe; hi a few centimeters above the lower end of the standpipe; the Discussion of Procedure
~
head Vhuh should be marked on the standpipe.
Degree of Saturation. In the preceding procedure,
- 10. With valves n and d closed, fill the standpipe an attempt was made to get the sail completely satu-i with distilled, deaired water to an elevation which is a few centimeters above ho by opening valves y, c, and a.
3, g
Close valve c; leave a opea.
g' y
- 11. Check to see that there is no air in the line be-tia: aapsed tim s sh uld be equal because the other terms m tween the standpipe and permeameter up to valve c, as Eq. VI-1 are constant for any given run. A Jack of agreemect i
here could be due to leaks, incomplete saturation, morcment
- Hvo p. ige 58 for n discussiuu of the maximum gmin size matter in water, or water not zulliciently y
of fines, foreign which whuuhl be used.
- deaired,
- Puuring the soil into the permcutucter tends tu causo segre-
" Even though the times for the two decrements arc in agico-Segregatiun cim be mOdudzed by placing the oil with ment. it is a good policy to make a check run (sce Nu.ncrical gutiun.
a rundl can ticil tu strings in such a way that it can bu lowered r
Example).
iut2 the penueumeler und then emptied.
I L
1 i
Chp.YN Permenleility Test 57
~.
rated bernuse the permeability of an "ahnost, satu-in the water wmdd have to be prevented as it flowed rated" voil may he considerably different frinn its from its stornge supply through the soil. This is be-
>nturnted " value. Figurc VI-l illustrales thi$ point.
cause the solubility of nir is proportional to the pres-To oblain a high degree of saturation, use a vacuum sure of the air above the water for small pressures appionching absolute zero. For example, Fig. Vl-1 (llenry's law, VI-3) and decreases with temperature shows the relationship between the degree of vacumn na shown by Fig. VI-5. The solubility of air in water (nr evacuating a certain fine sand and the resulting may be altered by other changes in the water n, it ddgree of saturntion. In this case nn applicti vacuum flows through the soil; for example, the dissolving of of nt least,27 or 28 in. of mercury was necessary to any solubh: salts from the soil, get n high degree of saturation.
To prevent, any air from coming out of solution, The water used for saturating the soil slamld be two procedures are recommended. First, keep the almost completely denired, beenuse if there is much temperature ni the water a few degrees warmer than the soil and tubing. If this is donc, the water will y
cool as it flows, thus slightly increasing its capacity 300 for dixsolving air. This procevlure is known as "mnin,
Aimespnene
/~ pressure taining n favorable temperature gradient." Second, use water which has icss than its capacity of air dis-g
>nived in it; such water is connuonly called "denired"
.s go 5
water.
2
'5 3
(
30 -
'i5 E 80Y
\\
20 N
70 0
-10
-2o
~30 5
Applied pressure m anches of Hg j
(
Facunr. VI-4. (From reference VI-4.)
{
nir dissolved in the water, most, of it, will be brought, 10 out of solution by the high vacuum used for ti c satu-rating process of step 7 (sce page 50). The dcairing of the saturating water, however, presents no probicmx
(
in the apparatus shown in Fig. VI-2. In fact, the pro-
\\
redure described in step 7 applics a vacuum to the water in the " distilled denited wat<:r chamber" from o
15 9o 25 30
, which the saturatmg water.is drawn. A vacuum can o.ssolved air pe M cc water in ec at 0 c and 760 mm he kept on the water in this chamber when the ap-p,,,n, y j,7,,
3,g, ;, i air in water. Nure: Air to a of paratus is not,in use.
C0;r and NIla. L
.. irnm lurenmtinual Cntical Tubica, Air dissolved in the water used for t,hc net.ual per-Vol.111.)
menbility test causes no trouble in normal testing as long as it, does not, come out of solution to collect in Denired Watcc. The air dissolved in water can he -
the tubing nr to collect in t.hc soil, thus decreasing its removed by increasing the temperature or decreasing degree of saturation. If water saturated with air were the pressure. Boiling can reduce the dissolved air in used, a rise in t.cmperature or a decrease in pressure water t.o about. 0.75 ppm of oxygen or 1.5 cc of air."
Wat.cr which has been denireil is sinw in regaining its
" An diann wil in Charicr VIII, nainml mits.In not nere!-
nir, as evidenced by Fig.'VI-0, which is a pluL " of s:.rily exist in a scaturaicd staic. Careful control of the elegn e of uturation however,is required in order to obtain test datn is One ppm of oxygen in air diasolved in water corresponds which can be reproduced. Also, the penneability of a soil when approximately to 2.0 cc of air at 760 mm piemure and O' C per mturated is a limiting value and, therefore, is of imporhmcc 1000 cc of water.
(ace Chapter VIII). Unfortunately, there nec permeability test "This is n plot of data from a research project in the Ify.
proredures in use which do not control, or even menamv. the draulien Lahorntory sL M.I.T. The data were obtained by the degree of naturation.
merrhry-drnpping riertrode system; the readings wcro taken at
58 Soil Testing
[ Chap. VI I
- LP
- oxygen pick-up against elapsed time for a vessel of the chance of large voids forming where the particles dcaired water whose surface was exposed to the air.
touch the wall of the permenmeter. Keeping the ratio
}v Figurc VI-G shows that at the end of 13 days the water of the permeameter diameter to the diameter of the was only 00% saturated. More elaborate methods for largest soil particle greater than about 15 or 20 has desiring and storing water are available (VI-2), but been found satisfactory. This limits the soil tested in J{
they are nut thought necessary for normal permca-the 4-cm permeameter suggested on page 53 to that hility testing. Boiled distilled water is satisfactory passing a No. 8 or No.10 sieve. A larger perme-fur most perinenljility testing for some time after nmeter should be used to test a coarser soil.
r-If the soil tested is too coarse, the flow will be tur-b bulent rather than Inminar. Laminar flow is assumed 5
~
in Darcy's law, by which Eqs. VI-1 and VI-2 are
[d-
/g derived. For the normal test setup, laminar flow exists only in soils finer than coar c sands. The error ap.
.s,
/
pears small, however, in using Darcy's inw on soils g
f whose particles are a littic larger than coarse sand.
5
/
Cr:ulient Increase by Gas l'ressure. To increase j,
f.
T= 25 c
~~
/'
At saturation. dissolved oxygen = 8 4 ppm the rate of flow in the constant head testing of soils
- of low permeability, a gas pressure can be applied to the surface of the water supply. (When a. pressure o
40 80 120 160 200 24o 2so 320 360 is used, it is advisable to cover the surface of the capsea timein neurs d
water supply with a membrane of some sort to reduce Ficune VI-4. Pick-up of oxygcu by water, the amount of gas going into solution.) The head boiling. The water should not, be agitated and should lost is then h (Fig. VI-3) plus the applied pressure be covered to prevent the collection of foreign matter changed to units of water head. Pressure is often from the atmosphere. Water can casily be covered employed for permeability determinations on consoli-by stoppering the storage vessel and venting it with dation specimens (Chapter IX).
n tube whose end is pointing downward, as illustrated Calculations in Fig. VI-7. Figure VI-7 also shows the recom-mended inanner to tap the water supply; the water at Variable IIcad Test the bottom of the vessel tcnds to contain less dissolved The coeflicient of permeability k can be computed nir than that at the top.
from i
al.h ha (VI-1) k = 2.3 logiohi
=
]
A(i - to) t in which a = eross-sectional area of the standpipe, vent L = length of soil sample in permcameter, a
8 N'
A = cross-sectional arca of the permenmeter, to = time " when water in standpipe is at ho,
- n e _e 2: = time when water in standpipe is at h,
/
..58 ;--
ha, hi = the heads between which the permeabil-i
= -Z H_ = l ity is determined (sce Fig. VI-2).
r-
-_. E i
~-
Constant IIend Test The coeflicient of permeability k can be computed from Facun VI-7. Storage of water for permeability testa, QL
-}
" 7"X l
Maximum Crain Size. To limit, the maximum t
grain size of the soil tested to some reasonable frac-in which Q = total quantity of water which flowed tion of the size of the permenmeter is desirabic. The through in elapsed time 4,)
1; nac of large particles in a small permcameterincreases h = total head lost, (see Fig. VI-3).
1:
n point % in, lmluw the nir-water interface in n ves el 5% in.
n If the time is = tarted at zero when the water in the stand.
in diameter umt 48 in, deep. The rate of nir pick-up is related to the ratio of exposed surinec area over volume of the water.
pipe is at 4.. then to is espial to zero.
gg
, y[]
Permeability Test W
i o
1.14
\\
].
1.10 8
1.06
}
\\
i J
.,1 1.02 O.98 w
44' ' :,
N\\
0.94 K\\N\\
0.90 N
\\ \\
0.86 NNN 0.82 K\\\\
0.78 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Temperature in C Fwum: VI-8. (Data from lutenmtimmi Critical Tables, Vol. V.)
The permeability at temperature T, kr, can be re-llesults f
duced to that at 20' C, k o.e, by using A1ctboil or Presentation. The results of a perme-.
2 ability telt. arn usually presented in the form of a plot p7 ko.c = kr (VI-3) of some function of void ratio, e, against some function
- m c of permeability, k n.c.
Often two plots are made:
2 3
2 s on one sheet and in which k c = permeability at temperature 20' C, k vs. e /(1 + c), e /(1 + e), and e 20 kr = permeability at temperature T, e vs. log k. The best relationship of the above four is ur = viscrity of water at temperature T then used to present the results of the test (sce discus-(see Table A-3, p.148),
sion below).
920 c = viscosity of water at temperature Typical Values. The permeabilities of several soils 20' C (see Table A-3, p.148).
are given in Fig. VI-1. A better indicatinn of typical permenbilitics can be obtained from the classification A plot of pr/920 c against temperature is given in of soils based on their permeabilitics which is given Fig. VI-8.
below (VI-5).
i Soil Testing
{Clinii. W no k in Centimeters graded, coarse sand, which was used for the shell of an Degree of Permeutihty per Scamd earth dam. The plots of data in Fi;;. VI-0 show that
'#/ U + ") I" "I""' I"'"l""'U"""I " N ""d u nit U nt a
t.i$mn 8
o to, ja-tojo-a vs. log k curve is almost a straight line. According very low 10-5 to 10-'
to the classification given under Typical Values, this
[
Practically impermeabl,.
Less than 10-7 soil would be called one of medium permeability.
L--
A permeability of 1 y per second (10-* cm per second)
I' "
is frecpiently used as the borderline between pervious llEFERENCES L. -
and impervious soils. Thus n' soil with a permeability y i r Tadn Materials, " Procedures for
- 1. Annu en c
less than 1 y per second might, be considered for a dam Testing Soils," Philadelplu.a, Pa., July,1050.
core or impervious blanket, whereas one with a per-
- 2. Bertram, C. E.,"An Experimentad Investigation of Protec-incability greater than 1 y per second might be con-tive Fihen," llarvard Univerrify Pulaticatiori No. 267,
'(~
sidered for a dum shcIl or pervious backfill.
10.s9-1940.
'~
Dircussion. }1oth thcorctically and cxperimentally
- 3. Millant E. D., Physical Chernistry for Collcaes, McGraw-there is more justification for e /(1 + e) to be pro-Ilill liuok Co., New Yoik and London,1940.
3 c
- 4. Partitt, II. R., and N. E. Pehrson, " Experimental Investi-Inn tionai to k than for either e:/(1 + e) or e in the gati n I the Degree of Saturation in Sands," Master of case of cohesion! css soils. Laboratory tests on all Scknee Tnesis, Deparunent of Civil Enginecring, Massa-types of soils have.shown that, a plol, of void ratio chuwits Institute of Technology,191S.
versus lug of permeabih.ty is usually clusc to a straight
- 5. Terzaghi, K., and R. D. Peck, Suil Mechanics in Engineer-y..
m e.
ing Practice, John Wiley and Sons, New York,1948.
G. Wallace, M. I.," Experimental Invesd ation of the Effect of S,omerical Example Degree of Saturation on the Permenhility of Sand,"
In the exampic on pages G1 and 02 are presented the Master of Science Thesis, Department of Civil Engineer.
results of a variable head permeability test on a well-ing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1948.
-* r
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HARR!SBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17104 0.TE JOS No.
Sept. 9, 1982 Phone 717 238 9505
.n.
r.o Mr. David L. Morad TO Philadelphia Electric Company,
$ rads haw Rerervoir & Pumoine Station.
2301 Market Street, 2N-1,
\\
' Philadelphia, PA 19101
,f
- . =
.WE ARE SENDING YOU Z Attached O Under separate cover via the following items:
O Shop drawings O Prints
. O Plans O Sa 4
O Specifications -
O Copy of letter
- O Change order O
COPIES DATE NO.
DESCRIPTION 1
" General Provisions and Specificatiors Regulating Occupancy of Township Highway Rightjef-Way"
~
e 1
" Schedule of Fece for Hi2hway Occupancy Permits... "
THESE ARE TRANSMITTED as checked below:
O For approval O ' Approved as submitted O Resubmit copies for approvalc O Submit
. O For your use
.O Approved as noted --..
'C{ As requ'ested,
. O Returned for corrections. ;..; O Return
_ copies for distribution. _. '.--
~-
~
corrected print,
~
O For review and' comment O
' s..: t.-.
~ -;
,c O FOR BIOS DUE ~
. _. TO P.R..INTS.RETU.RNED AFTER LOAN TO US '.., _,
' " " " 5 19'
~
REMARKS 'It is my unders tanding that the To'wnship has ~aireadv' acor'nited NBTM & ^
EBTM Moyer Road crossing, thinking that NWRN iiad applied'for this pe'rmit.' 'Th~eyi hava requested prints of the crossing. We will inform the Township that Moyer. Road '
~
~
crossing will'be submitted s eparately-b'y PECO.
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COPY TO
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.i.V th_ SIGNED:' # *!G T*
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'e iNERAL PROVIIlONS AND SPECIFICATIONS.
v e
Regultting O.cu;ency cf Tswnzhip Highwsy Right4f Wsy csNERAL PRovis4ON$
1.
The worn authorized by this permit shall be done at such time and in such a manner as shall be consistent with the safety of the puDisc and shall conform to all recuirements and standards of the township. designated herein as the township.If any time it shall be f ound by tr's township that the work is not being done or has nct been properly pertorr9ert the permittee and/or its contractor upon bemg nottfsod in writmg by the township, shall smmediate4y take tne riscsssary steps, at its own expense, toward placing the work in condition to conform to said reQuarements or standards.
2.
In the event of willful fadure or neglect by said permitted and'or its contractor or their employes to pertorm and comply with the conditions, restnct4cns, and prot isions of this permit, the township may revous and annul this permet and order and direct said permittee andtor its contractor to remove sny or all structures or property belonging to said permittee and/or its contractor from the legallimits of the highway rignt-of way and to restore the hignway ngnt-of-way to its former ondition.
3.
It work is stopped or, e orcject for any reason, and any ditch or trench,in the opinion of the Towr: ship, remains open for an unreasonable period, the permittee and!ct its contractor, si 4 directed, shall refill the ditch or trench and work shall not be resumed thereon until the permittee and/or its contractor is prtptred to proceed with the work untd completion in the event that tne permittee and/or its contractor fails to refill the ditch or trench or proceed until completion of tne work upon notice from the township to do so,the townsh'p may perform the necessary and required work subject to reimbursement by the psemittee and/or its contractor, 4.
The parmittee shall pay all costs and eapenses incident to or growing out of the project including the prescribed fees for tne same, the cost of makir.g and maintainmg the temporary restoration of the disturbed areas and maning permanent restoration, and further shall reimburse the township for any inspsetson costs which the townsnip may deem it necessary to incur, and the perr@ee shall reimburse the township for said costs witnin thirty (30) days aft er receipt of the statement setting forth sums expended therefor *>y the township.
5.
If the permittee and/or its contractor, after maning an opening in the highway to place or repair pipe or for any other purpose, fasis to restore any portion of highway right-of-way to conf orm with specifications of the township, the township reserves the right to do the work end bill the permittee f or the cost of the restoration.
6.
The permitfeo will submit to the township, certificate or certificates of insurance for public liability and property damage,in sufficient amounts to covsr any loss, tnat may be mcurred for or on account of any matter, cause or thing arising out of the construction, reconstruction, repair, relocation or insttilation of the permitted facilities, except in those instances where the township by prior arrangement has authorized the permittee to provide other msans of protecting the township and its employes.
7.
The permission herem granted does not rehove the permittee and/or its contractor from obtaining any consent otherwise required from the owner or ownars of the abutting proporty and does not conf er upon the permittee and/orits cont, actor the right to cut, remove or destroy trees or shrubbery wrohin the legsl limits of the highway except under suott conditions, restrictions and regulations as the township may prescribe.
8.
If at any time the structure or facility snail become a hazard from any cause whatsoever, the permittee and/or its contractor shall have the same removed or repaired within a8 hours after receipt of written notification, except at times of extraordinary happenings when extension of such time limit may be given by the township.
9.
After each and every excavation made by the permittee and/or its contractor in any road or highway right-of-way covered by this permit incident to the erection, repair, resetting or removal of any poles, manholes. conduits, water, steam, oil, gas pipes, sewers or any other obstructions or construction, said psemittee and/or its contractor shall, under the supervision and direction of the township, restore the road to a condition conf orming to requirements ano/or soscifications of the township. So long as said permittee and/or its contractor operates and leaves in place such structures and appliances, en, upon or along sad highway right-of-way, the permittee and/or its contractor shall maintain and keep in good orderind repair the said structures and appliances. The permittee covenants and agrees to fully indemnify and save harmless the township of and from att liability for damages or injury occurring to any person or persons or property at or on said roads through or in consequtnce of any act or ommission of any contractor, agent, servant, employe or person engaged or smployed in, about, or upon the said work, by, at the instance, or witn the approval or consent of the permittee, or from the f ailure of the permittee and/or its contractor to comply with the provisions set forth herein.
- 10. If at any time m the future the highway is widened or the alignment or grades are changed, the permittee further ag ees to change or relocate, any part of tha structures covered by this permit which interf eres with the improvement of the highway, at its own expense, to the extent now or hereafter required by law.
- 11. During the time when the highway right-of way covered by this permit is under process of construction and/or until said road or highwayis accepted by the township, no permittee and/or its contractor will be authorized to enter upon said highway right-of-way for the purpose of erectmg poles,laymg condusts, water, steam, oil or gas pipes or sewers, or doing any other work whatsoever which might interfere with the construction of the road or highway, anless said permittee and/or its contractor shall first file with the township a duly attested certificate, signed by the contractor or other authority constructing sDd road or highway, containing the full consent to such proposed work of said permittee and/or its contractor w thm the lines of the said highway right-of-way, together with a satisf actory waiver, release and quit-claim to the township, of all damages and all defenses whatsoever for delays by reason of such work and occuoation of said roadway by said permittee and/or its contractor, or from any cause whatsoever resulting by reason of such work and occupitson, provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply in case of emergency;in such case the permittee and/or its contractor shall procure the written consent of the township to do such work as may be deemed necessary to correct the existing emergency conditions.
- 12. Any work done under this permit shall be subject to the conditions, restrictions, and provisions of this permit which shall govern all excavations, opsnmgs and trenches for the purpose of making repairs to any poles, conduits, water, steam, oil, gas pipes or sewers, or other structures, or property and appurtenances thereto belonging, erected on or in the highway right-of-way.
- 13. Thia permit is issued subject to any additional rights which the township in which the work is to be done may have in such matters.
14 After a permit is granted by the township it shall nct be assigned nor transferred without prior written approval from the township.
- 15. To protect the hignway surface or pavement on said projects, all equipment used by the permittee and/or its contractor shall be approved by the trwnship. Such equipment shall have rubber runners or wheels. in the event that other than rubber equipped macninery is used, the pavement shall be prstected by the use of heavy rubber or similar mattmg which shall be a mmimum of four (4) inches wider on each side than the tracks or wheels of the equipment used.
- 16. Inf ormation as to the date and character of constructior' or reconstruction of the township road or street may be obtained by contacting the township.
- 17. If,in the construction work the permittee will be required to use certain blasting operations irt the excavation the permittee agrees to make, execute End deliver to the township, a bond in the sum stipulated by the township with surety in the form of a surety company, duly registered and authorized to do business in Pennsylvania, conditioned that the permittee will save harmless the township, f rom any damages whatsoever to its subgrade, subbase, modified subbsze, dramage facilities, road rnetal, and any other installations or matters in, under or upon the highway right-of-way f or a period of two (2) years f rom the dIts of the completion of the last work covered by this permit.
- 18. Maintenance and protection of traffic for work authorized by this occupancy permit must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the township. In this connection, the permittee shall provide and maintam all necessary precautions to prevent injury or damage to persons and property from i
oporttions covered by this permst. A traffic control plan may be required as directed by the township.
(a) Warning signs shall be placed beyond each and of the actual operation in such a manner as to be visible to the traveling public and meet the requirements of the township. These signs shall display the name of the permittee and/or its contractor on the back of the sign. Special employes shall be l
assegned by the permittee and/or its contractor to direct traffic when it becomes necessary to limit it to one way. Advance permission must be obtained from j
township, or its authorized representative before directing traffic through one lane. Substantial barricades with adequate illumination shall be provioed and mWtIined for any open trench or hole in the highway right-of-way in a manner approved by the township.
(b) Flagman wdl be provided as specified and in accordance with the requirements of PennOOT.
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