ML20041C042

Requests Schedule Indicating When Response to IE Bulletin 79-15 Will Be Provided in Form of Amend Tp FSAR Section 3.9.3 Re Assurance Program for Demonstrating long-term Operability of Deep Draft Pumps.Guidelines Encl

ML20041C042
Person / Time
Site:	South Texas
Issue date:	02/05/1982
From:	Tedesco R Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
To:	Oprea G HOUSTON LIGHTING & POWER CO.
References
IEB-79-15, NUDOCS 8202260073
Download: ML20041C042 (3)

Text

_ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ -

FEB 5 1982 nocket uos.: 50-498 's I ' 9 N'b and 50-499 s#

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,n c Mr. G. W. Oprea, J r.

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Executive Vice President LJ

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Houston Lighting A Power Company

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P. O. Box 1700 7

' A liouston, Texas 77001

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Subject:

Long Term Operability o' Deep Draf t Puaps IE Bulletin 79-15, dated July 11, 1979, was issued to all licensees and holders of construction pernits as a result of deep draf t pump deficiencies that were identified at facilities both operating and under construction.

For pending OL applications, long tem operability of deep draft pumps is now being reviewed by the staff during the nomal licensing review process.

To facilitate the staff review the enclosed docunent entitled, " Guidelines for Demonstration of Operability of Deep Draf t Pumps" is being provided for quidance. You are requested to provide a schedule indicating when a response, in the fom of an Amendnent to FSAPs Section 3.9.3, will be provided that discusses your assurance progran for demonstrating long tem operability of your deep draf t punps and the extent to which it conforms to the various portions of these Guidelines. Enphasis should be placed on (1) the establish-rent of installation procedures that are followed each time these pumps are disassembled and reinstalled, and (2) the testing requirements and bearing wear criteria. The instrunentation called for in the Guidelines should not he considered a requirement.

These Guidelines establish an acceptable method of assuring long tem operability of de~ep draft pumps. They do not necessarily constitute the only nethod for demonstrating long tem operability. The staff will review the information you subnit to detemine whether your long torn operability assurance orocran for deep draft pumps is in sufficient confomance with these Guidelines to assure long tem operability.

If not, tt.e staf f will detemine whether you have established and utilized other methods and procedures, preferably with the assistance of the pump nanufacturer, that also denonstrate and assure that these punps will perform their intended functions for the length of tine required.

i C FFICE )

SURNAME) 0202260073 820205 PDR ADOCK 05000498 cats )

G PDR enc ronu sia co so3 Nacu om OFFICIAL RECORD COPY um mi--mw

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Mr. G. W. Oprea, Jr. FEB 5 1982 If you have any questions regarding this natter, please contact the Project fianager, D. Sells, (301) 492-7100.

The application / reporting requirements contained in this letter have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget; OMB Approval No. 3150-0011.

Sincerely, ORIGINAL SIGNED BY R. L. TEDESCO Robert L. Tedesco, Assistant Director for Licensing Division of Licensing Office of Huclear Reactor Regulation

Enclosure:

Guidelines for Denonstration of Operability of Deep Draft Pumps cc w/ enclosure:

See next page DISTRIBUTION:

Oc,cket File LB#3 File DEisenhut RTedesco FMiraglia DSel P JLee RVollmer

- TMurley RMattson RHartfield, MPA 0 ELD IE IE Region IV R AG% e.

DOCUMENT CONTROL NRC PDR L PDR NSIC.

TERA TIC ACRS (16)

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NRC FORM M 00@RCM ONO OFFIClAL RECORD COPY usam

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, ' SOUTH TEXAS Mr. G. W. Oprea, Jr.

Mrs. Peggy Buchorn Executive Vice President Executive Director Houston Lighting and Power Company Citizens for Equitable Utilities,.Inc.

P. O. Box 1700 Route 1, Box 1684 Houston, Texas 77001 Brazoria, Texas 77.422 Mr. J. H. Goldberg William S. Jordan, III Es'q.

Vice President - Nuclear Engineering Harmon & Weiss

& Construction.

1725 I Street, N.W.

Houston Lighting and Power Company Suite 506 P. O. Box 1700 Washington, D.C.

20006 Houston, Texas 77001 Mr. D. G. Barker Brian Berwick, Esq..

Manager, South Texas Project Assistant Attorney General Houston Lighting and Power Company Environmental Protection Division P. O. Box 1700 P. O. Box 12548 Houston, Texas 77001 Capitol Station Austin, Texas 78711 Mr. M. L. Borchelt Central Power and Light Company William M. Hill P. O. Box 2121 Resident Inspector / South Texas Project Corpus Christi, Texas 78403 c/o U. S. NRC P. O. Box 910 Mr. R. L. Hancock Bay City, Texas 77414 -

City of Austin Electric Utility Department P. O., Box 1088 Austin, Texas 78767

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..c y h..u Mr. J. B. Poston Mr. Lanny Sinkin

. s-Assistant General Manager for Operations Pat Coy City Public Service Board Citizens Concerned About !!uclear Power P. O. Box 1771 5106 Case Oro San Antonio, Texas 78296 San' Antonio, Texas 78233 Jack R. Newman, Esq.

Mr. Cloin Robertson Lowenstein, Newman, Axelrad & Toll Manager, Nuclear. Licensing 1025 Connecticut Avenue,' N.W.

Houston Lighting and Power Company Washington, D. C.

20036 P. O. Box 1700 Houston, Texas 77001 Melbert Schwarz, Jr., Esq.

Baker & Botts Charles Halligan One.Shell Plaza

. Bechtel ' Power Corporation Houston, Texas 77002 P. O. Box 2166 Mr. E. A. -Saltarelli Brown & Root, Inc.

P. O. Box 3 Houston, Texas 77001 i

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ENCLOSURE s

3 GUIDELINES FOR DEP.ONSTRATION Or CPERASILITY OF DEEP DRAFT Pt.EPS

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1.E. Sulletin 79-15 dated Jul;/1979, identified problems associated m *- u =

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with deep-draft pumps found at operating facilities and near tenn

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operating licensee facilities., Deep draf t pu=ps,4tell,are.tl.sto. 3,

.; :,,. 3 - i..;. ::it. 4.; :.,:. :r 1, re:

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called " vertical turbine pump's" are usually 30 to.6.0 feet in 1.ength"

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with !=pellers located in casing bowls at 'the lowest elevattori of

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Of the pu=p. The =otor (driver) is located at the hig

hest pump _

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elevhtten with the discharge nozzle just below the moto.r

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Bulletin.79-15:vas'inttiated be~ cads'e se'v'e al"nucleai Yowe'r# plan't

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facilities could not de=enstrate' operWility of their pumps."The'

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pu=ps were experiencing excessive vibration and bearing wear. The" rapid bearing wear suggested that these pu=ps could not perform' g

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their required functions during or follcwing an accident. As a result of the staff's initial' review of the responses to IE3 79-15,.

several plants were identif'ied as having potential problems with their deep draft pumps..These guidelines are provided fer these "

plants so that the licensee or applicant involved may have a method _

acceptable to the staff.for de=enstrating the operability of deep,

draft pumps.

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DEEP DRAFT PUMP OPERATlHG CHARACTEP.ISTICS_

Ins order-ta better.unders,tand the operating characteristics of

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these pu:ps,:.a rotor. G..namics analy.ses was perforced to ascertain

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l the response of the pump rotor under steady state operation.

..-s The analy*ses considered.t.ournal bearin.,g to shaft @namic response

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The model for at va.rious. eccentricities.and fluid.;. viscosities.

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the a.d.al.ys.is. depict 3. a typical deep draft ' pug utilized by the d

nuclear industry.

The' cnalysis resulted in recocmendations for

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~fdpr'oH ng' th'e stability of the pump 76 tor -f rom externally.: applied b.----....--..-..-...

inputs and by self~-generatetf h.....%.

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puts bin 45-*-

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The concl.usions which were de. rived frem the analysis anii staff evaluatiens of North Anna, Beaver Valley and Surry facilities with similar pu:ps include:

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l 1.) Pu:ps with this type of configuration are prone to bearing whiri vibration pr:bler:s due to the flexibility of the rotor and casing structure. This phenomenon is accentuated as i

f journal bearing clearance becores large. This phenomenon,

leads to bearing wear (Journal bearings).

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1 "1.ow Head Safety Injection Pucp Rotor Dynamie Analyses', by Franklin Research Center, Report FC4932, dated May 1980.

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tc.c: ce 9. ths -.- s 4J, s. Stiffening. of the column sections,of the pump is,

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.. advantageous if there is a column frequency near the l

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.; :r operating sp.eed of the Eump. The shifting:of the t

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.-lo i.olu=n frequency to a higher level will eliminate.a c --..c.u. e n n y

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,,::4ay coupling between the pump cperating speed and the

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. column frequency.

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5 s)-. flew in.l.e.t.c.o.n.d.i.t.io.ns..to.th..e. pu.m. ps and su=p designs can

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b. e.i.mpo. rt.a.n.t t_o pu. mp. o. perability.

Certain installations have demonstrated. flow characteristics which produced

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.vortexing at the bellmouth of the pump. This vortexing b

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is due to sump design or sump supply line entrance con-

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~ ~~wq'is c.u.yition can c+on9te fute to gitionalumm,mvq.4yM.g.e.w..r:.,

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on Flow straightener devices,

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pump vibration and wear..

l redu:tien of be11m:uth diameters, and botte.e. clearance reductions have proven to be. effective in eliminating

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this prokiem.

6.) This type of pump has exhibited operational pro 51 ems.. '..

due to design and, installati.on deficiencies. The high flexibility of the shaft and column make this design 1

rather forgiving when it comes to installation deficien-

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cies such as misalignment between the shaft and column, i

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.v.L low-precision. coup 1.ing assembl.f ek,- and non-per;ergdi,cular,

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f. r::ounting. flanges...This. f.ac.t howeverg,can_, lead to.,ex,cessive.

bearing wear without;sigrtificant. noticeable. change in p,mp u

operating scharacter.ittics.. :.T.o.,e.qsur.g p. roper. pump.,c.gera propec.:alige.eent:should be estab.1;{jhed.between.all; gut,ti.ng

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n s6rfaces. and measurer shoul,d be.-e:!!phasized which: prev'ent '

and. shaf t. ec'centricitiesa. These measures.can include optical alignment.of the column sesce.nts g:ase.of high prec,ision f.

co0'plings and use:of.iaccucate. techniques to.establ% that the'su=p plumb line is. perpendicular to.the. pump mounting flange.

WW"M+'Mnt.,>ts&4mmys.y;yy.,4, cont /. $aied,31ghi:fjca41%wf.4-l,p 4.w

. t The above findings and conclusions have The guidelines listed to the development of these guidelines.

The subjects below are divided into installati:n and test 3.reas.

i to be addressed in these areas are considered to be of'pr me

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importanct when establishing a pump cperability assurance progra The extent to which each of the two are'as are implemented at a specific f acility is dependent on specific sy::ptoms sich have been identified with these pumps while in operatien a.nd during

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service periods.

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, imp _l em'ent'irig'the meas'u'r.es outlined below, at North Anna 1 & 2 in

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..been shown to ~provid6 7eas.i-5onable assurance that the pumps e f. (. e.

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NfTF be operable % hen' ~ reg'u~1fid for their safety function. These r.u-;.c,

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QuT4el'i.nes'are"not 'inte~n'ded to ' replace t'he require =ents of

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A'standird Review Flan 3.9J. R'e'g'ul"atory Guide 1.68 or any other

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-.-.w-tiy'6 nib'r~ce'd}y* 'WE 's'taf f.'

.. os r-p art cVe%\\si'r'eine'n'ti p'res's.

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Kather, the n

. ghiBeli'nes are"to' b,e' DsedTs s:u:ppl;e:m. r. s.b.

.! t :' Lils Cf ry 4 n

.o entary material for establishing

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dra,f t pump operibility.?.:

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2-GUIDELINES FOR OPERA 31LfTY. INSTALLATION,---..-n :6 : sc M:-

140 INSTALLATIO

N. PROCEDURE

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. Experience _has.shown.tha.t.,these, pumps art-prone to:having: operability problems as' a result of poor installation proced,,ures. The guidelines emphasizeo those areas. o.m ~the,.installati,on. procedure, whichj-.fQmp.le.~mentadvd'6y,M3>..c f

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could significantly. improve the likelihood of an operab1'e pu=p.

The procedures utili:cd should be submitted to the staff for review.

1.1-pump INSTALLATION

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Determine by measurement that all shaft segments are siira'ight a.

w! thin tolerances specified by. the manufacturer.

b.

Determine.by rea.s.ureme.nt or provide certification that all couplings (for shaft-segments & pump to noter coupling)' are, '

of high precision as speciff ed by the manufacturer.

Deter =ine by measurement that all pump segment flanges are c.

perpendicular to the center 1tr. of the segment, that the segments are straight and that' any mating surfaces are

. concentric to an established datum. 'dere Tourn'af ~ "' ' ' '..-

men-.

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, Y y-e.i,ty c r:b e S) are used;'establishi con'- Of:irt.s Of

, bearing guides '(SPIDER t

centr.icity.between this as:ectly and its c. sting surface.

d.:. Align full pu'mp cas.ing issembly optically:to' as'su're d

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v maxieum straightness and concentricfty ofdhela'sse:61f.'w s

Any..e'quivalent trethod f s acceptable, as long as the

c. 'procedur'e stres'se's' c'olus-stralgittoe'ss anaitonEentHtitf'Vrt' -

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5:~t'o'nioTor $1Yrige perpendicularity and tliat e.

Assu're;pu:

pro'ptr coupH ng'i'n's'tallitich ir'perf orddd.

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Assure that'MPmating surf ace bolting is preperly f.

atO.dicinnd't'h'it manuf acturer torquing sequences' are

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t SUF.? INSTALLATION

-1.2 r tin wi+,4.c; e.sya.'< 'As sure: (where us e'dl tha.t+sugpg. ca.ty,:.g. flange.;myy44y,...,y is perpendicular to the sump pump line.

a Issure that sump design prey 2nts fluid anonalies b.

such as vertexing or turbulence near the intake t

to the pump be11 mouth and that incoming piping

. is not so designed as to allow fluid conditions -

f avorable to these anomalies

. (i.e., sharp.

bends in piping prior to entrance. into sun).

Assure that interference does 'not exist between c.

the sump and arar pu=p appendage such as a seismic r

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restraint.

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m 2.0 Testing P.ecuirements-I The installation procedures are essential in establishing pump I

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n.t'o carefu installation, testing'l M "

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be required which M11~irerify p~ oper operation of these pumps.,,,,,

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Af ter cogletion of 'the installation checks, licansees or,appli

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"*i cants should evahiate did;.-need for further-testing and report l

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,the.results of" thi's'W, aluatfon together,with the details of any,

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- -o test plans t'o' the' st'af f."S;io:u;l'd', tests be required, an acceptable t

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test procedure should'Tric'luYe~th'e, items listed.hslow: The. staff l

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4 L ' =-Y recost izes tfi..at the'1n'str:um'entation and procedures outlined be, low.22

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may be difficdit to 141ePint at 'all f acilities and, therefore, the'

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)Y-staff is eghisfiing go6d'ihsta11ation practices which lead to operable c::ponents.- If tests dhnstrating operability cannot

1. N'#'ricoVd'a'ss'a11"thUitiiis<Msted beTow'+.thensalternativerprocedugsnm.g.xQp; e

should be prep'osed for evaluationbylhe staff. The tesis should e:phasi:e reasurement of ;cq dynamic characteristics and wear data at different stages of testing, culminating with an extrapolation of g

j the data to the desired life goal for the pump.

2'.1 ' Test Instrumentation

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The following instrumentation shBuid bi incorporated into the,

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test procedure aside-from nod i flow measu'rement, pressure and:

I vibration instrumentation:

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X, Y proximity probes at. three axial locations on the 2 t. e. H 1 :.- i...

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.-: -e l.: pump co umn, for measur'ing and r.i..q&ng radiaf positions of ecor

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' 'shaf di$N [e's'p*ect to the column.

b.) ~ X, Yl'adeelercideters (at proximity prebe locations) n

...,3 "for'Measurin'g ind'iec'erdfiip'iidial'acc'efe' rations of the m..

Column.r,U 6. h::a 1 is. :n n n:

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0 I P!na,mi_:,pr,e_s,,suge,,t,t,a3sd,uceqs fotgep;suring fluid pressur.e-i T

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.Bn.tto.m..of C.,.o.l.u.m. (s.ue.tten.l..

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Shaf t,., Rot..a.t.ic.na.l.spe.ed..u..t.d.dyn.a.m.ic va.rlation instrument.

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2.2 ' PRE. TEST DAT\\

.,1 f5WW -Q -H,wey,% -.oAiwelile.d,"m.m.,ffiz1aWrfedrnah. bearing O Dys,.g,;gg.;-;a w,.

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-With the ppmp.d sassem

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- bearing I.D.'s and calculate bearing diametral clearances. Ir}.

addition with pumps fully assembled and using the prcximity probes,

f obtain the " clearance circke" at each cf the three axial' stations by rollirig the. shaf t sec, tion within the clearance volume of'its bec.-ings I

and in'this wty, establish pr.oper operation of the p, robes....

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.r[,ASE 1 Testing (6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br />.plus start-stop)

PH 3.1.; i-r.r.:e :i e t r.tirvels : ri.: the 42 n r t::t.This phase of testing should'be cc= prised of 6 ho Stesting (3reahinhfollowed.bNstart-stop: testing;'eTest.

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iconditiensishould_ simulate as nearly as,,poss,ible norma..

1.Andhaccidentic6cditionse :Parimetersito b'e:co'nside' r

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are;flo*-it.emperature, debris, and chemical composi~ tion -

Z df fluidrbeing' pc= ped..rStatih:t6rque'tists?shoiAi4e'h c.:

(i.e. measure amount of

. perfecnedybefore'and af ter the test

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Data should be torqui rdquir.ed totturn shaft by hand).

taken duringit4. eisi's heur test at 1/2. hour intervals.

'A, total of '12 start-stop tests.M11'be'perfonned con-

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frem zero speed up to full-speed, y..< o, Ay...,. ;.,s,.i sting of a start up10-minute dwell at full-s 4,

.g speed to aero speed, with recording of all instrumentation during full cycle of start-step.

Upon ecmpletion of Phase i testing,the follewing data should

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be' obtairied and recorded::

j Obtain the "clearahce circles" using the bree sets of 1.)

proximity probes. -

L Tests at North Anna 1 & 2 and P.anufacturers inp l

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-U-d gecord,the following' dimensions for each bearing:-

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. Bearing:to Journal diametral clearance

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. :..d.,.).,.Est.ablish Phase. l. test bearfng wear..

. u:a u a s. n r.. :

2 a::f.: 4; e;; that :: n

~2f N dCbEPTidCU CRffERTA ISTA2 FOLLOW 5:

r T

mils fs any bea&be MON 1

16ea

-'h a d a. u s.r i s7;5:e i. s s. :. M t e - ta.en a t t'.e c::;' eau ' f and test should be' terminated..-

.n

e :.:: 2.a: ts. '. :a..e 3 :,. r:,i g, ::.:e;ti. 1.

f

.aa.: ::

mils for all bearings

~

2.). 2.Jf wear 154. 5

.e

a. ) Reasse ble.the pur:p

.. n ;. 2-. u

.n......,.,.s,-.

...g

'2..*""m.,,.":'

i b..).

Ob.t.a.in.",cl.earance circles".

..n,

-~...e g- :_,~~

... s 7

- Reinstall pump in test loop. '

. )

[<.# m -

e

.c Phase 2 testing is to be perferrned at full system pressure.

and te::perature and fluid cenditicas sir:J1ating these ex;ected Before start and at during accident and normal operation.

, cocpletion of Phas,e 2, test,obtain reasurerent of static torque.

i Data should be recorded continuously during 'th'e start-up period,

.... :. ~ _. : ~. ; ;

i

- i i

l 3This acceptable wear value may be modified based on manufacturers, i

O ree:m endation.

e g

$ /

l 0

l A

I

.. :...... r.

i j

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iy i

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.n.

e v=-1

...--v a..

+

4 t

i

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t..

t

.'-en in-n chr=;h ::.2 pict:ed nl,cs af ::r and during~ the shutdown period. Data should also be recorded.

I St.mich: li.. s a. :

f the uts.sion h e.::- ;2Fi.'.a 1).

at 1-hour time intervals during the;48 he'ur test.

ana s in::d :: the rich i

1 z; a vilue the uinun 2::macie valuc of -ca.- !5 ;.11 t

iat:rup :

The..;f.cl3cy.ing_mers. ree. gts should;be;ma,de; at-th.e: cog.gi l

s u

e Af,PJia52.Lof tite itsthte.-:e :.3f the line wi n wear af a..!.;

j 1prygcesi.rc)ss" u.si.ni$be;.t_regdetsgofs.,

h b-)aIbtafp thg "p:

If :ddithn.a'i Us ing "re uigr.pxjmityeggs.etr is acce::able.

2., )., P._e.a.sur..e a..n.d. n.. ee. r. d.4...n.e.,f. o.O. owing d l

ri :.-ia ng 3;;,.:3

. fe;begisin;;Ip;.33, 3 wi:n steii 3.-

3::

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g 1

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.....c...

l 3

tn b ) 5e.af # g I.20

,2 p.;. --.n.<..

xi.,.,: i..

33..

i

[

vii

. y.,:,

B e ari ng to J o.ur. nal. di ametral c.l. ear.ance..........,.,...:..

c. )

1 d.) Establish.accuculated be.m,. oaring wear.

a.-

.,;.,, _.4.., s..e,... r.. m.

;q......, y (s.

t

~.'. w :.:. = :.--.

THE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA-IS AS _FOLL0W5:

If ac:u::ulated bearing wear en any bearing is 1.)

be

>7 mils., wear is unacceptable and test shculd I

terminated.

I i

is<7 mils

.. 2.)..I. f accu.cu.l.a.te.d. w.. ear en all bear ngs

/

g for all bearings.

p a.)

Reassemble pump.

Obtain " clearance circles"

b. )

l c.) Reinstall pump in test 1cep.

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SWgM._ NI.Rwed-as-i yW pase-2-itesttnr ncM, -dg.d

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'.'- i-- may-be-tT%~s w Yessfre. An i

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45 v.

A. ;.

. ! :., \\ g l si ie 4

i.__.. :

is. :-

,4

....T,;i. ;.. ;

-w,. i q q.. i e a-taktn.h:the.c.cmplutch-d. d. : :

. tc 2-N. ~ $.

9.. ~_~ _. 3 8agtpsy,tr.entipoup+fhas'e's-!wSth-the-

_)._.

n :. -

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1

~:

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F_rea.r.i,ns!..,&__. 5

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}l.y.. _____.';,._....."ch"T.2 cept'abl e aiid t'esPshoul d Fe

_r ?_sm.eins.7t1:s for.a7 u.

__.:. _s

-... t - we ar -i s -Qn'a 2.) If accumulated wear is ( 8 mils 'or'all A 3

-tg V'9 <

i+% u%e 2.

i

• ~

a.)

the need for addition'ai testing or

.a b.)

whether er not the bearing wear ~will be acceptably 1ow.

i

_.The recemcended. decision process"is outlined below..,_._

- ~

Plot the values.' f tacc.u.mulatenear.versus tim. e (H) for-each :--s 4.: ;-

o

. bearing after Phas_e 2 and Phase 3 tes.ts[ namely.

I Wear at H2 = 54 hour6.25e-4 days <br />0.015 hours <br />8.928571e-5 weeks <br />2.0547e-5 months <br /> 1

~ ~ * ~

Wear at.H3 = 150 hours0.00174 days <br />0.0417 hours <br />2.480159e-4 weeks <br />5.7075e-5 months <br />.

l t

1 oo

=

4.

l

.e

.-.e.a

,a..

a

. _ _ ~ _,. _ _ _.. _...

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a.

f,.'

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f wear l

- Straight lines are then drawn through the plotted values o r

If the extension an'd extended to the right (.See example Figure 1).

~

l intercepts the maximum acceptable value of wear (a mils) at. a va t

l H less than the life goal for this pump, additional testing should If the intercept of the line with wear of 8 mils be perfomed.

exceeds the life goal for this pump, no additional testing is.

l If addition.a1 t'esting required and bearing wear is acceptable.

~

is deemed necessary it should be done in a similar ranner to that l

performed during Phase 3 with similar acceptance criteria and It is expected that such additional tes*ing.

decision process'.

l will either show a stable pump operation.with no increa'se'in l

f bearing wear or increased bearing' we'ar with unacceptable result i

~*

" h~

e. gg,;,,..;

Evaluation of Pueo Acceptability _

I 2.6

) is acceptably low (as per' If bearing wear (af ter all testing phases decision process) and if vibration levels ever the frequency spectru of 3 eps to 5000 cps are acceptably low and show no unfavora i

the pump may be judged

.of increasing magnitude during the test ng, i

~.

~

acceptable for its intended use. -

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