ML20040H232
| ML20040H232 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 09/30/1981 |
| From: | NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REGULATORY RESEARCH (RES) |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20040H227 | List: |
| References | |
| TASK-OS, TASK-SS-926-4 REGGD-01.023, REGGD-1.023, NUDOCS 8202170474 | |
| Download: ML20040H232 (22) | |
Text
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U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION September 1981 5.:' " e ]
0FFICE OF NUCLEAR REGU?.ATORY RESEARCH Division 1 Task SS 926-4 h'" /"[
DRAFT REGULATORY GUIDE AMD VALUE/ IMPACT STATEMENT
%.,v
Contact:
L. Brown (301) 427-4559 REVISION 1* f0 REGULATORY GUIDE 1.23 l
I METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENT PROGRAMS
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FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
' A.
INTRODUCTION Paragraph 100.10(c)(2) of 10 CFR Part 100, " Reactor Site Criteria," states l
that, in determining the acceptability of a site for a power or test reactor, l
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) will take into consideration meteoro-logical conditions at the site and in the surrounding area.
Paragraph 50.36a(a)(2) of 10 CFR Part 50, " Domestic Licensing of Produc-tion and Utilization Facilities," requires nuclear power plant licensees to submit semiannual reports specifying the quantity of each of the principal radionuclides released to unrestricted areas in liquid and airborne effluents
- and such other information as may be required by the NRC to estimate maximum f
potential annual radiation doses to the public.
A knowledge of meteorological conditions in the vicinity of the reactor is important in providing a basis for estimating annual radiation doses resulting from radioactive materials released in airborne effluents.
i "This revised guide sets forth essentially the same considerations for meteoro-logical measurement programs for new facilities as the previous edition of this guide though with reorganization of content and clarification and addi-tional details in the discussions.
The major changes relate to the addition and clarification of considerations for the operational program as a result g
of the Three Mile Island accident evaluatinn-The substantial number of changes in this revision has made it impractical to indicate the changes with lines in the margin, This regulatory guide and the associated value/ impact stateeent are being issued in draft for g
W They have not the public 1,n the early stages of the development of a regulatory position in this area.
A received complete staf f review and do not represent an official NRC staf f position.
E gg og Pubite coments are being solicited on both drafts, the guide (including any irplementation schedu I
(VO Coments on the value/ impact statment should be accompanied by supporting I
Coments on both draf ts should be sent to the Secretary of the Comission, U.s. Nuclear Regulat the value/irpact statement.
I g-Docketing and Service Branch, by data.
b n.
Comission Washington, D.C. 20555, Attention:
g Requests for single copies of draf t guides (which say, be reproduced) or for placement on an distribution Itst for single copies of future draft guides in specific divisions should be made in hg
- Director, writing to the U.s. Nuclear Regulatory Ccm(ssion, Washington, D.C. 20555, Attention:
N OE kQ Division of Technical Information and Document Control.
's
.I In order for the NRC to fulfill its responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR Part 51, " Licensing and Regulatory Policy and Procedures for Environ-mental Protection," Appendix I, " Numerical Guides for Design Objectives and Limiting Conditions for Operation To Meet the Criterion 'As low As Is Reason-ably Achievable' for Radioactive Material in Light-Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Reactor Effluents," to 10 CFR Part 50, and 10 CFR Part 20, " Standards for Protection Against Radiation," basic meteorological information is necessary to assess environmental effects of a radiological and nonradiological nature resulting from the construction or operation of a nuclear power plant.
In addition to the requirements for determining meteorological conditions at nuclear power plants in order to assess siting, licensing, and environmental factors, detailed meteorological information is necessary for dealing with i
radiological emergencies.
Paragraph 50.47 of 10 CFR Part 50, " Domestic Licens-1 ing of Production and Utilization Facilities'," and Appendix E, " Emergency Plans for Production and Utilization Facilities," to 10 CFR Part 50 require power plant licensees to provide reasonable assurance that adequate protective mea-sures can and will be taken in the event of a radiological emergency.
In this regard, it is necessary for the licensee to establish and maintain a meteor-ological program capable of rapidly providing meteorological information to assess and monitor actual or potential consequences of a radiological emergency condition.
.The purpose of this guide is to provide ouidance on the meteorolooical measurement prograns for meetina the above reouirements.
h Thus, at each nuclear power plant site, there are multiple needs for pro-grams that will adequately measure and document basic meteorological data.
These data can be used to develop atmospheric diffusion parameters that, with an appropriate dispersion model, can be used to estimate potential radiation doses to the public resulting from routine or accidental releases of radioac-i-il tive materials to the atmosphere or to evaluate the potential dose to the
'l This regulatory guide public as a result of hypothetical reactor accidents.
j describes meteorological measurement programs acceptable to the NRC staff for j
providing meteorological data needed to estimate such radiation doses.
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s B.
DISCUSSION
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Meteorological measurement programs at a nuclear power plant site should be capable of providing the meteorological information required to make the following assessments:
1.
A conservative assessment by the applicant or licensee and the NRC staff of the radiological cons,equences of airborne releases from design basis '
accidents. This will aid in evaluatin.g the acceptability of a site and the adequacy of engineered safety features for a nuclear power plant in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR Part 100.
2.
A realistic assessment by the applicant or licensee and the NRC staff of the potential radiation dose to the public resulting from the routine release of radioactive materials in airborne effluents.
These assessments assist in demonstrating that operations will be or are being conducted within the limits of 10 CFR Part 20 and in ensuring that effluent control equipment design objec-tives and proposed operating procedures meet the requirements of Appendix I to 10 CFR Part 50.
3.
A realistic assessment by the applicant or licensee and other appro-priate persons of the potential radiological consequences of an actual or pro-jected accidental release of radioa:tive materials to the atmosphere in accord-ance' with the requirements of Appendix E to 10 CFR Part 50 and of 21 CFR Part 1090 (Ref. 1).
4.
A realistic assessment by the applicant or licensee and the NRC staff of the potential dispersion of radioactive materials from and the radiological consequences of a spectrum of accidents to aid in evaluating the environmental risk posed by a nuclear power plant in accordance with 10 CFR Part 51.
- 5., A realistic assessment by the applicant or licensee and the NRC staff of potential nonradiological environmental effects such as fogging, icing, arid salt drif t from cooling towers.
This will aid in evaluating the environmental impact of a nuclear power plant in accor' dance with 10 CFR Part 51.
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Guidance concerning the dispersion models to be used for evaluating the potential radiological consequences of design basis reactor accidents is given in Regulatory Guide 1.145, " Atmospheric Dispersion Models for Potential Accident Consequence Assessments at Nuclear Power Plants." Guidance concerning the dispersion models to be used for evaluating the potential effects of routine releases of radioactive effluents into the atmosphere is given in Regulatory Guide 1.111, " Methods for Estimating Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion of Addi-Gaseous Effluents in Routine Releases from Light-Water-Cooled Reactors."
tional guidance concerning the characteristics of atmospheric dispersion models to be used for evaluating the actual or projected offsite consequences of a radiological emergency condition is given in Appendix 2 of Revision 1 of NUREG-0654, " Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants."
Guidance concerning the assessment of cooling system impacts is given in Section 5.3.3.1 of NUREG-0555, " Environmental Standard Review Plans for the Environmental Review of Construction Permit Applications for Nuclear Power Plants."
C.
REGULATORY POSITION This section descrioes suitable meteorological measurement programs to provide the data needed to determine meteorological conditions in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in order to assess safety and environmental factors i
prior to plant operation and the data needed to evaluate routine and accidental airborne releases during plant operation.
I 1.
METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS l
The same basic meteorological parameters are generally used in assessments conducted prior to and during plant operation With careful planning, the pre-operational meteorological measurement systems can form the foundation for the operational svstems.
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c
For evaluations which require estimates of atmospheric transport and diffu-sion conditions and of plant impacts on the environment, meteorological measure-ments should be made at two or more levels on a tower or mast. Wind speed and wind. direction should be measured at a minimum of two levels. Vertical tempera-ture difference, which can be used to characterize atmospheric diffusion within the layer expected to contain plant effluents should be measured at appropriate levels. Table 1 provides a classification of atmospheric statility by tempera-ture difference.with height (e,stimated on the basis of measurements at approxi-mately 10 to 60 meter heights). The use of stability indicators, other than vertical temperature difference, may require modifications of the moifels described in Regulatory Guides 1.111 and 1.145. ' Air tempe'rature should be measured at the same level as the lowest level used in measurement of vertical temperature difference.
Precipitation should be measured with a recording rain gauge near the meteorological tower.
Ambient moisture (e.g., relative humidity, dew point, or wet bulb temperature), visibility, and solar radiation measuiements may be necessary in conjunction with cooling system assessments and should be measured at appropriate heights.
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For emergency preparedness considerations during plant operation, the basic meteorological parameters outlinad in Regulatory Guide 1.97, "Instru-mentation for Light-Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants to Assess Plant and l
l Environs During and Following an Accident," should be measured at the site.
These parameters are wind speed, wi.nd direction and an indicator of atmospheric stability.
Indicators of atmospheric stability include, but are not limited to, vertical temperature difference, standard deviation of horizontal wind direction ( 0), standa.rd deviation of the vertical wind direction (o,) (Refs. 2
(
and 3), Richardson Number (Ref. 3) and mixing height (Refs. 2 and 3), used indi-vidua11y or in combination. Table 2 provides e classification of atmospheric f
stability by o. These parameters can be orovided by the meteorolooical g
measurement system described above.
However. mi a minimum. on1v wind soeed.
wind direction and an indicator of atmosoheric stability are needed for emer-
.{
j eency preparedness considerations.
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Supplemental towers or masts, special meteorological instrumentation, data analysis techniques or field studies, may be needed for the preoperational and/
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or operational programs when airflow and diffusion conditions within the vicinity l
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r lh Examoles of the site cannot be represented by a single measurement location.
would be in non-uniform terrain or at a land-water interface.
The areas to be s:*
addressed include the low population zone (LPZ) and the plume exposure emer-gency planning zone (EPZ).
Air sampling'inay be needed at sites'with unusual air quality characteristics (e.g., high ambient concentrations of airborne particulates) to assess the potential impact of air quality on plant operation Because of the' or to assess the impact of plant operation on the environment.
unique characteristics of each site, it is advisable for the applicant or licensee to discuss proposed supplemental meteorological and air quality programs informally with the NRC staff prior to installation of special instru-mentation or initiation of special studies.
The preparation of estimates of atmospheric transport and diffusion to a distance of 80 kilometers (50 mi) from a plant site may require additional Such information may be obtained, at least in part, from stations information.
with well-maintained meteorological systems (e.g., National Weather Service 1
and military stations).
To be of use, however, such stations must be loca.ed' -
t so as to aid in the description of regional airflow patterns. _To assure that -
t' the required data are readily available. the applicant or licensee should establish and maintain contact with station eersonnel.
h 2.
LOCATION OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS Themeteorologicalmeasurementprograminitiatedpriortoplantoperation; should include a primary r..easurement system (primary system) capable of repre-lh senting the meteorological characteristics of the region into which airborr; l
The program may include a supplemental measuremenk material may be released.
system (supplemental system) capable of representing atmospheric conditions in the region into which the airborne material may be transported.
Whenever possible, the base of the primary system tower or mast should b'e.
The!
located at approximately the same elevation as the finished plant grade.
- i tower should be located in an area where natural or man-made obstructions (e.g.,
trees, buildings, heat dissipation systems) would have little or no influence on the meteorological measurements.
The tower should be at least 10 obstruction l(
heights away from the obstruction (Ref. 4).
To the extent practicable, the tower or mast should not be located in the prevailing downwind direction of the obstruction or heat dissipation system.
Instrumentation should be located on booms oriented to minimize tower-induced effects.
For an open lattice tower, wind instrumentation should be a minimum distance of two tower widths from the tower (Ref. 4).
For the primary system, wind speed and direction should be monitored at approximately 10 and 60 meters. The 10-meter level has been generally accepted throughout the world as a standard meteorological reference measurement level.
Ambient temperature should also be monitored at a height o'f approximately 10 Temperature sensors should be aspirated, shielded, and exposed to mini-meters.
mize the effects of insolation.
Ambient moisture should be monitored at a height of approximately 10 meters and at a height which will characterize cool-ing tower releases.
Vertical temperature difference should be measured between the 10- and 60-meter levels.
For planned release points significantly above a l
height of 60 meters, measurements of wind speed, wind direction and indicators of atmospheric stability should be made at heights that would represent diffu-sion conditions for these releases.
.l If supplementary systems (e.o.. masts. remote sensina systems. towersl are used to better define atmospheric conditions in the site vicinity (e.g., LP2, 1
EPZ), the instruments should be placed at locations where measurements repre-
[
sent atmospheric conditions in the regions to which an effluent may be trans-ported.
The_need for and/or location of supplemental systems may be confirmed experimentally or through comparative studies with similar sites for those 18 sites with terrain induced flow conditions (e.g., coastline, valley, complex terrain).
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3.
SYSTEM ACCURACY System accuracy. refers to the composite.~ accuracy and reflects the errors introduced by the sensor, the cable, signal conditioning and recording, the recorders, and the data reduction process.
The errors introduced by each of s
the separate components of the system should be determined by statistical
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v-The system accuracy should be defined by the root sum of squares (RSS) methods.
method, which is calculated by squaring the standard error of each component, Fo.
summing the squared standard errors and taking the square root of the sum.
time-averaged values, those component errors which are random about the time value may be decreased by dividing the component standard error by the square root of the number of samples used to define the average value.
The system accuracies specified below should be applicable over the range of environmental conditions expected to occur during the lifetime of the plant.
For digital systems, specific accuracies of time-averaged values by a.
parameter should be:
(1) Wind direction:
15* of azimuth, with a starting threshold of less than 0.4 m/s (2.0 mph).
The damping ratio should be greater than or equal 2 should not exceed 2 meters.
The vane to 0.4 and the delay distance dynamics specification should be based on a 10* deflection.
(2) Wind speed:
10.2 m/s (0.5 mph) for speeds less than 2 m/s (5 mph), 10% for speeds between 2 m/s (5 mph) and 22 m/s (50 mph), with a starting threshold of less than 0.4 m/s (1.0 mph) and a distance constant (Ref. 5) not to exceed 2 meters.
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(3) Temperature:
10.5*C (0.9*F).
l (4) Temperature difference:
10.15*C (0.27*F) per 50-meter height 3
Accuracies for other height intervals should be proportional (e.g.,
I interval.
1 0.3 C/100 m).
(5) Dew point:
1.5*C (2.7 F) or an equivalent accuracy for relative
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humidity or wet bulb temperature.
These accuracies are applicable for condi-tions where relative humidity is in excess of 60 percent and temperature is between -30" and 30*C (-22* and 86*F).
jThedelaydistanceisdefinedasthedistancethatairflowingpastawind vane moves while the vane is responding to 50 percent of the step change in Use of other accuracy specification parameters such as natural
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wind direction.
frequency (Ref. 6) should be consistent with standard practice (Ref. 7).
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(6) Prscipitatien: 110 percc<nt of thz total accumulated catch.
All parameters not included above should be consistent with the s
current state of the art for the measurement.
b.
For analog systems, specific accuracies of time-averaged values by parameter should be the same as those above. Accuracies for analog records of parameters th-y vary rapidly with time (e.g., wind speed and wind direction) should not be more than 1.5 times those stated for digital recording systems.
The system accuracies should include the reduction of data frorr the strip chart recorder to digital form.
4.
INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE, SERVICING SCHEDULES, AND DATA AVAILABILITY The meteorological systems should be protected against lightning and other severe environmental conditions (e.g., icing, blowing sand, salt deposition, air pollution) that may occur in the site vicinity. The joint data recovery on an annual basis for the wind direction, wind speed and the atmospheric stability indicator, and all other parameters individually should be at least 90 percent.
For plant operation, the design and coeration objectivedi.for data availability from the meteorolooical measurement orocram should be consistent with the reliability goals presented in NUREG-0696. " Functional Criteria for Fmeroency '
Response Facilities." for the basic meteorological parameters outlined in Regu-1 latory Guide 1.97. An uninterruptible power supply, and redundant sensors, -~
data transmission links, and recorders at appropriate locations are means to M
imorove data recovery to meet the availability coals for the basic meteorolog-2 ital parameters.
Ancther means to imorove data recoverv to meet the availabiliti coals for the basic meteorolooical Darameters would be an independent measurement system (i.e.. b8CkuD system). Appropriate instrument maintenance and servicino are important factors in meetina the operation objectives'.
i Neteorological instruments should be inspected and serviced at a frequency which will minimize extended periods of out. age. Calibrations should be per-formed at a frequency sufficient to maintain system accuracies and high data
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1To meet the objectives of Regulatory Guide 1.97, the meteorological parametets listed therein should comply with the recommendations of Type E Category 2 classification with the exception of seismic qualification.
2 edundant components and/or systems were recoonized as methods for achievino Rthese coals in the oriainal version of this ouide f Safety Guido 73) issued w
~in February 1972. _
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recovery.
As a minimum, such calibrations should be conducted at least semi-annually.
Calibration results should be reflected in the compiled archived data base.
Insper. tion, maintenance, and calibration procedures should be recorded and a log maintained of the frequency such activities are performed.
j Major modifications of the measurement systems or, environs (e.g., relocation of the meteorological tower, construction which could affect the representa-tiveness of the meteorological data) should be documented and discussed with the NRC staff.
5.
DATA REDUCTION, RECORDING AND COMPILATION Data acquisition systems should be capable of providing data recovery and availability as presented in regulatory position 4.
During plant operation, dual recording systems (e.g., one digital and one analog system) should be used.
Digital and analog system accuracies should be within the specifications pre-sented in regulatory' position 3.
All digital records except precipitation, as and o, should consist of data sampled at intervals no longer than 60 seconds.
Analog recorders for wind speed and wind direction should be of the continuous strip chart recording type.
Multipoint strip chart recorders are adequate for recording all other parameters.
Precipitation should be recorded on a cumula-F@
tive basis.
Meteorological data used for licensing actions or reporting requirements should represent hourly averages.
These hourly averages should be represented by no less than 30 instantaneous values collected over at least 15 consecutive minutes during the hour.
Precipitation should be totaled hourly.
Fifteen consecutive minutes should be considered the averaging period of real-time meteorological data for emergency response purposes.
When the average wind speed during the averaging period (e.g., 15 minutes, I hour) is below the wind vane or anemometer starting speed, whichever is higher, the wind should be defined at calm. Wind direction assignment for a calm should be based on the type of analysis performed.
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If U#
are used as indicators of atmospheric stability, they should 6
Q be determined from no less than 180 instantaneous values of wind direction.
For example, to determine o for a 15 minute period, values of lateral wind g
direction sampled at intervals of 5 seconds or less are acceptable; to deter-mine o f r a 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> period, samplir.g intervals of 20 seconds or less are s
acceptable.
Meteorological data should be reported with the following resolation:
)
(1) Wind direction:
1*
(2) Wind Speed:
0.1 m/s (0.2 mph)
(3) Temperature:
0.1*C (0.2 F)
(4) Temperature difference:
0.1 C (0.2 F)
(5) Dew point:
0.1 C (0.2 F)
(6) Precipitation:
0.25 mm (0.01 in.)
During plant operation meteorological data should be displayed in hard copy form in the control room. The display should include the previous 12-hour
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record of wind direction, wind speed, and an indicator of atmospheric stability representative of each release level.
These data should also be displayed in the technical support center and emergency operations facility. The data dis-plays should be easily accessible and clearly labeled to meet the objectives of their use for emergency response..The Reculatorv Guide 1.23 meteornloaical carameters referenced in NUREG-0737 are wind soped. wind direction and an indicator of atmospheric stability.
21f a is to be used as an indicator of vertical diffusion (atmospheric stabi-s lity), adjustments to the sampling interval may be needed to eliminate wind fluctuations in the horizontal which do not occur in the vertical.
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Minimum data requirements with respect to length of data record and com-pilation formats for various licensing actions are given in Section 2.3 of Regulatory Guide 1.70, " Standard Format'5nd Content of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants - LWR Edition" and in Section 2.3 of Regulatory Guide jg 4.2, " Preparation of Environmental Reports for Nuclear Power Stations."
For routine operation, a listing should be prepared of hourly average measurements.
A magnetic tape containing these data should be prepared in i
the format presented in Appendix _A_to this guide.
An accounting of all hours -
should be made, with missing data appropriately designated.
An example of a suitable format for data compilation and reporting pur-.
poses is shown in Table 3.
6.
QUALITY ASSURANCE A quality assurance program that is consistent.with the appropriate provi-sions of Appendix B, " Quality Assurance Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants and -,
Fuel Reprocessing Plants," to 10 CFR Part 50, and commensurate with the safety significance of the data should be established for meteorological measurement ~
programs.
Chapter 17ofNUREG75-087,"StandardReviewPlanfortheReviewof[
Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants, LWR Edition," Regulatory Guide 1.28, "Ouality Assurance Program Requirements (Design and Construction),"
and Regulatory Guide 1.33, " Quality Assurance Program Requirements (Operation),"
provide further guidance.
To meet the obiectives of Reculatorv Guide 1.97.
the meteoroloaical carameters listed therein should comolv with the recommenda-tions of Tvoe E Cateaorv 2 classification with the exceotion of seismic cualification.
7.
DATA TRANSM,TSSION For plant operation, provisions should be made for meteorological data f
accest via data transmission from all utility-maintained meteorological systems necessary to characterize the plume exposure EPZ.
Data transmission systems should have the capability for simultaneous access by the licensee, appropriate 12
e emergency response organizations, and the NRC without interruption of the data-gathering process.
The systems should have the capability of recalling 15-minute averaged meteorological data for the previous 12-hour period.
D.
IMPLEMENTATION The purpose of this section is to provide information to applicants and licensees regarding the NRC staff's plans for using this regulatory guide.
Except in those cases in which an applicant proposes an acceptable alter-native method for complying with specified portions of the Commission's regula-tions, the methods described herein will be used in the evaluation of all appli-cations that are docketed after, or are in review at, the date of issuance of this guide.
Special consideration will be given to construction oermit and
_operatina license applications docketed orior to January 1984.
Those asoects y
of these aor iications that certain to the collection of icint wind direction.
_ind soeed and atmosoheric stability frecuency distribution data will be w
.. reviewed in accordance with the meteorolooical orocram criteria which were in effect when the data collection period commenced.
However, prior to full power authorization, the meteorological program should be upgraded to address the emergency preparedness objectives in accordance with this guide.
The guide will also be used in staff reviews conducted in accordanc>. with emergency planning schedules presented in NUREG-0737, " Clarification of TMI Action Plan Requirements," and supplements.
REFERENCES 1.
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, " Food and Drugs," Part 1090, Acci-dental Radioactive Contamination of Human Foods and Animal Feeds," Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 242, December 15, 1978.
2.
International Atomic Energy Agency Safety Series No. 50-SG-S3, " Atmos-pheric Dispersion in Nuclear Power Plant Siting," International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 1980.
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3.
S. R. Hanna, G. A. Briggs, et al., "AMS Workshop on Stability Classification Schemes and Sigma Curves--Summary and Recommendations," Bulletin of American Meteoro7:gical Society, Vol. 58, No. 12, p. 1305-1309, December 1977.
4.
C. Hilfiker, " Exposure of Instruments," chapter in Air Pollution Meteor-ology, USEPA Air Pollution Training Institute, Research Triangle Park, i
North Carolina (September 1975).
5.
P. B. MacCready, Jr., and H. R. Jex " Response Characteristics and Meteor-ological Utilization of Propeller and Vane Wind Sensors," Journal of Applied Meteorology, 3, no. 2, pp. 182-193, 1964.
6.
D. H. Slade, editor, Meteorology and Atomic Energy, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, July 1968, Chapter 6.
7.
P. L. Finkelstein, " Measuring the Dynamic Performance of Wind Vanes,"
Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 20, pp: 588-594, May 1981.
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TABLE 1 CLASSIFICATION OF. AIMOSPHERIC STABILITY BY VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE Stability Pasquill Temperature Change Classification Categories with Height ('C/100 m) l Extremely unstable A
AT/Az i -1.9 Moderately unstable B
.-l.9 < AT/Az 1 -1.7 Slightly unstable C
-1.7 < AT/Az 1 -1.5 Neutral D
-1.5 < AT/Az 1 -0.5 Slightly stable E
-0.5 < AT/az i 1.5 Moderately stable F
1.5 < AT/Az 1 4.0 Extremely. stable G
4.0 < AT/Az 9
+
D h
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l
(
I l
5 D
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TABLE 2 CLASSIFICATION OF ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY
- BY STANDARD DEVIATION OF HORIZONTAL WIND DIRECTION ( e)
Stability Pasquill o**
Classification Categories (degr$es) e > 22.5 Extremely unstable A
c Moderately unstable B
22.5 >
1 17.5 0
Slightly unstable C
17.5 > e 1 12.5 Neutral D
12.5 > og >_ 7.5 Slightly :; table E
7.5 > oe> 3.8 Moderately stable F
3.6 > og>
2.1 Extremely stable G
2.1 > o e "Use of o to represent atmospheric stability when wind speeds are less than n
1.5 m/s Yhould be substantiated.
If a is to be used as an indicator of vertical diffusion (atmospheric stabil$ty), adjustments to the sampling inter-val may be needed to eliminate wind fluctuations in the horizontal which do not occur in the vertical, especially during night-time conditions.
AADetermined for a 15 minute to one hour period for horizontal diffusion.
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TABLE 3 EXAMPLE OF JOINT FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION DATA
SUMMARY
EXTREMELY STABLE (aT/Az exceeds 4.0*C/100 m) PERIOD OF RECORD:
PASQUILL G WIND SPEED (m/s) AT 10-m LEVEL Wind Direction.22.50.51.75
.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0 >18.0 Total N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW Totsi Numb 2r of Calms Numb 2r of Invalid Hours Humber of Valid Hours
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x APPENDIX 1 i
FORMAT FOR HOURLY METEOR 0 LOGICAL DATA TO BE PLACED ON MiGNETIC TAPE i
Use:
9 track tape (7 will be acceptable)
Standard Label, which would include Record Length = 160 characters Block Size = 3200 characters (fixed block size)
Density = 1600 BPI preferred (800 BPI will be accepted)
Do not Use:
Magnetic tapes with unformatted or spanned records.
(For guidance on tape formatting and a description of tape attributes, see Tables A-1 and JL-2. )
At the beginning of each tape, use the first five records (which is the equivalent of ten cards) to give a tape description.
Include plant name and location (latitude, longitude), dates of data, information explaining data contained in the "other" fields if they are used, height of measurements, and '
any additional information pertinent to identification of the tape. Make sure all five records are included, even if some are blank.
Format for the first -
five records will be 160A1.
Meteorological data format is (I6, 12,.I3, 14, 25F5.1, F5.2, 3F5.1).
Decimal points should not be included when copying data onto the tape.
All data should be given to a tenth of a unit except solar radiation, which should be given to a hundredth of a unit.
This does not necessarily indicate '
the accuracy of the data (e.g., wind direction is usually given to the nearest" degree, but record it with a zero in the tenth's place; therefore, 275 degrees' l
l would be 275.0 degrees and placed on the tape as 2750.) All nines in any field should indicate a lost record (99999).
All sevens in a wind direction field I
should indicate calm (77777).
If only two levels of data are monitored, use the upper and lower level fields.
If only one level of data is monitored, use.
the upper level field.
I 18
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.._ _ ~.__. _
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TABLE A-1 l
1 MAGNETIC TAPE METEOROLOGICAL DATA LOCATION:
DATE OF DATA RECORD:
16 Identifier (can be anything) 12 Year 13 Julian Day 14 Hour (on 24-hr clock)
ACCURACY F5.1 Upper Measurements:
Level =
meters F5.1 Wind Direction (degrees)
F5.1 Wind Speed (m/s)
F5.1 Sigma Theta (degrees)
F5.1 Ambient Temperature ( C)
FS.1 Moisture:
F5.1 Other:
F5.1 Intermediate Measurements:
Level =
meters F5.1 Wind Direction (degrees)
F5.1 Wind Speed (m/s)
F5.1 Sigma Theta (degrees)
F5.1 Ambient Temperature (*C)
F 5.1 Moisture:
F5.1 Other:
F5.1 Lower Measurements:
Level =
meters F5.1 Wind Direction (degrees)
F5.1 Wind Speed (m/s)
FS.1 Sigma Theta (degrees)
F5.1,
Ambient Temperature ('C)
F5.1 Moisture:
F5.1 Other:
---n>
\\
f TABLE A-1 (Continued) l F5.1 Temp Diff (Upper-tower) ("C/100 meters)
FS.1 Temp Diff (Upper-Intermediate) (*C/100 meters)
F5.1 Temp Diff (Intermediate-Lower) (*C/100 meters)
F5.1 Precipitation (mm) 2 F5. 2 Solar Radiation (cal /cm / min)
F5.1 Visibility (km)
F5.1 Other:
F5.1 Other:
4 e
5 e
e O
A e
l 20
e TABLE _A_-2 DATA TAPE ATTRIBUTES USE KEYWORDS IBM CDC I
Mode:
9-track, 1600bpi, EBCDIC UNIT = TAPE 9, DEN = 3 NT, PE, EB, S, CM = Yes 2
Intarnal Labels:
none LABEL = (;NL)
Record Format:
fixed length / blocked RECFM = FB RT = F, BT = K Record Length:
160 characters LRECL = 160 FL = 160 Blocking:
3200 enaracters/ block BLKSIZE = 3200 RB = 20 N~~
DO NOT USE Variable length or unformatted records or records that span tape blocks, e.g.:
IBM's RECFR = U or VBS.
i CDC SCOPE standard tape data format (use the S parameter on the REQUEST to avoid this).
OTHER SYSTEMS For systems other than IBM or CDC, the above information should be used as a guideline to produce tapes with similar characteristics.
i 1
4 9-track, 800 bpi, EBCDIC or 7-track, 800 or 556 bpi, BCD are also acceptable.
2 IBM standard labels are also acceptable.
CROSS REFERENCE i
NRC regulations and guidance explicitly referenced in this guide:
Regulations 10 CFR Part 20 10 CFR Part 50, including Appendices B, E, and I 10 CFR Part 51 10 CFR Part 100 Regulatory Guides 1.28 1.33 1.70 1.97 1.111 1.145 4,2 NUREGS 0555 0654, Rev. 1 0696 0737 75-087 Other U.S. Government regulations explicitly referenced in this guide:
21 CFR Part 1090 National Environmental Policy Act 1969 22 d