ML20035C520

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Special Rept:Chinese Flange Investigation
ML20035C520
Person / Time
Site: Seabrook NextEra Energy icon.png
Issue date: 12/31/1992
From: Matthews A
NATIONAL BOARD OF BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTORS
To:
Shared Package
ML20035A972 List:
References
NUDOCS 9304080060
Download: ML20035C520 (59)
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Text

1992 SPECIAL EDITION NATIONAL BOARD BL LLETIN803 An Official Publication of The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors SPECIA REPORT:

TH E CHIN ESE FLANGE I N V ESTIG ATIO N 4

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BULLETIX 1992. VOLUME 48. NUMBER 2 SPECIAL EDITION i

i l

LETTER FROM THE ACTING EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR..

.1 PREFACE

.. 3 LAB REPORTS

...7 l

MILL REPORTS.

. 43 l

l 1

MARKINGS. DESCRIPTIONS & PHOTOGRAPHS...

.. 49 1

l l

LETTER OF RESPONSE FROM CBPVI

.55 l

l l

1 l

l The Ssce National 1919 Board

~ ~ ~ ~

of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors A. M. Matthews, Jr.

Advisory Committee Actir{c ErraaircI)ircaer j

assunng acceptance and interchangeabihty among l

P.D. Brennan, APR

. R. L Allison. upresentirg bodctmanufaaurces juda na! aucentks responsible for the admmis-Dirntor gfCcmmunh'ations l M.1. Boede, representirg organi:cd iabor

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1. M. Wekster. Administrative Assistant W. D. Doty, representirg neldirg industnes L C. Nixon.I%blications Assistant R. C.110 ward, represemligauthori.vd(insuraruc i The Dunctin is publ;shed quarterly by The National
com/wmes)inspe. Tion twenacs
ficard of Boiler and Pressure YesselInspectors.1055 l E. C. Kistner, represnitirg boner and pressurc ! Crupper Ave.. Columbus. Ohia 43229-1183, 614/

l revscius(7s 6S8-8320. Postage paid at Columbus. Ohio.

3 Board af Trustees

! R. I. M ullican, urresentzigpressure resselmanu-

,facturers j Postmaster
Send adiess changes to The Nanonal IL II. Murray, represcutirw boder and pressure ; reard of Bailer and Pressure vessel 1:rpectors.1055 R. A. Coomes, Chairman sg Cappa Aveo Columbus. Ohio 43229-1183.

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11. T. McCwen. first l'kr Chairman 1

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M. E. Skarda, Second 1%r Gairman

! Poinu, of view. ideas, products or services featured in I

A. M. Matthews, )r.. Scartary-7h asur,y l The Nationai leard of feller and Pressure Vessel i theru#aindonotnecessarity cc.nstituteendorsement W. E. Brown, Afembry at Large i Inspec10!s was organized 107 the purpasc of promoting t'y tne National Board, whkh disdaims ret:ponsibility M.11. Diehl, Jr., Afember at larce

! greata s ferytohfeandpropertybysecuringconcerted, for authenacity or accu acy efinformation contained ng unkin n the mmtruaian.

herem. Address all correspandence to the Publicatians msta!! anon. inspecten and rep @mr of bailers and other i Department.Thr Natenal Board of Boiler an

, a@n an mMrna M. Kotb. Afember at Larer 1

A. J. Just.in,Past Chairman

! pressure vessels and their appunenances, thereby Vessel Inspectors, at the above address.

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yd

.The 0

= W;g;_National su,,g Boa. rd 6j 1

ofBoiler n

and Pressure e

VesselInspectors d

September 1992

Dear BULLETIN Readers:

i A M Mpews J!

AcMp faecvfve Drect:r R

China and distributed in the Umtod StatFor approximately the last year, The QL es, Canada and possibly Centraland Sonal Daard of Boiler and hm and property.

+Q outh Atnarica -that may be a considenspectors P

follows is a series of reports and photBy pubbshing th s BULLITIN Special R rable threat to both

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-made in os that illustrate the nature of our investigatiort,it is ourintent

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Report are not up to the BUllI77N's usDecause of the poor reproductive quab m

mgs in an obretive, factual manner What (w

on.

ual standards. In this single instance we felt imanyof themate factual material m its onginal form w th draw ha or her own conclusions t was more important to present mnote that some k

i out benefit of editorial or graphic enhanwment Such is o 8lW ONE SICNlr!CANTCAUTION uch of the pming. boders and presure vese: thne suspect canges are not unique to ind o letting the reader particularimportancr when identifymg suspect fl ls are employed, including many public i ustrial operanons. They may b g

tions at 614/f68321 Written coAny questions concerning flanges manufa nstitutions. We remind the reader that heat nywhere pressure anges.

umbers areof k

rrespondence may be sent to theNaticturoct in China should be forwarded to th Q

The National kard has contacted China's S o

onal Duard at 1055 Crupper Avenue Colce of the National Boa 9

Pnssure VencIInspection and Research (CBtate Council of the Commumst P t Q

umbus, OH 43229-1183.

h On August 31, the National Board office iVD of the Mmistry of Labou PRar y CentralCommitte and the China C k:q r.

.C.

require mandatory inspactbonand Tennng Buteau has issued an order th entre of Boiler and received correspondence from CDPVL The S

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and testing by the CDPVI and/or other Chiat as ofJanuary 1,1993, flanges, f:

2y Special Edition. We miend to meet wi h hproducts w!!! bear the inspection m nesegovernmentinspection agencies Thes iu es for b t e CBPV1 carly in October to obespective agency. A copy of this corresp inspwtion marks for pubhcationin th t

tam details of this plan and to obtondence is included as the c e Wmter1993 BULLETIN.

e nspected

(

The National Nard extends its genuine o this 3

tially dangerous problem to our t am facsimiles of the

??.

Gratitude to Mr. Aljustin, chief boilerinspector St a tention.

[

Although our investigation has twn l

, ate of Minnesota, for brmgirig this poten-i ship, BULLT7W readers, and the world fung and arduous we at the NationalB

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no compromu.cs. National Board has monitored the boiler and preM Tot 73 years,the

J explosive situation.

er ourmember-

%3 re venelindustry toassure that when it com

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h is not our promise it u. our mmmitment.

es to safety, there are Q}

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Smcerely, N

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Md A.M Matthews.Jt a

Actmg Emutive Dirut>r

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BuuETIN/8PECIAL EomON 1992

1 PREFACE BuaniN/SPECIAL Eomow 1992 3

This special edition of the BULLETIN has been published in the interest of public safety. The National Board has, for the past several months, been conducting an extensive investigation of flanges produced in China and identified as conforming to ANSI B16.5 and ASThi A105. In the opinion of the National Board, the flanges identified in this special edition may not meet the criteria of the ANSI standard or ASThi specification noted above. Furthermore, use of these products which are subject to stress due to pressure, may create an extreme hazard to personal safety and prop-erty. Within the pages of this BULLE77N, we are presenting complete and /or partial copies of laboratory test reports of various flanges carried out by the National Board and other groups. These reports identify flanges that have been fabricated from two (2) pieces of steel, and flanges that have had voids filled with steel rods and face welded to give the appearance of being solid. We also possess a report concerning the use of unknown specifications of steel plate being used to produce flanges of various types. In reading this BULLE-TIN, you will learn of all problems reported to and uncovered by the National Board. Where possible, we have identified the manufacturer of the flanges. One problem encountered as this investigation proceeded was the lack of evidence that any flange was marked with the manufacturer's name or trademark, as required by ANSI B16.5. In fact, the National Board representative conducting this investigation was informed that a Hong Kong trader was specifying to the flange manufacturer exactly what marks to stamp on each flange. The flanges observed by or reported to the National Board are for the most part, marked with initials that are mistakenly thought to be manufacturers. Some flanges do not even have initials. The marks and test reports that appear in this article do have a value in that they are consistent in use. That is, the flanges produced by SHOU GANG hiACHINERY ENGINEERING CO. and further reported in this BULLETIN have slugged weld repairs. These flanges are marked with a heat number 1-406 and are expected to appear on 150 flanges, as reported on that line item of the SHOU GANG N1ACHINERY ENGINEERING CO. test report. This same trading company representative reported to the National Board that the steel mills in China do not produce ASTN1 A105 forgings. One Chinese agency also reported that Chinese-produced ASN1E boilers and pressure vessels contain flanges not produced in China but rather imported from other countries. At this time, the National Board has not determined the validity of this statement. If so, the chances of purchasing flanges produced in China that are in compliance with the ANSI B16.5 standard or ASThi A105 are indeed remote. Finally, the National Board was informed that the matenal used by DING XINANG N AN XI L1 FLANGE FACTORY was NOT ASTH 1 A105 although the product is clearly marked A105. It was reported the material used was either 25N1N or 16N1N, both Chinese steel specifications, and not identical to A105. It was also reported that DING XINANG NAN XI LI FLANGE FACTORY 4 B2ms/Sncu Eomou 1992 i

shipped six or seven containers of flanges, each weighing 17. tons. Although it is reported that each flange is marked both B16 and A105, according to the information, no flange was produced using A105 material. On May 28,1992, a representative from the National Board met in Beijing,- China with members of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China and - the Centre of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspection and Research. This meet-ing was in response to correspondence addressed to Mr. Su Rang Ju, Vice Premier, Peoples Republic of China, from the National Board. This correspon-dence was drafted when it was learned that the Vice Premier had recently - initiated a quality program to further China's entry into the world market. f The program is titled " Quality Long March, after Mao Tse Tung's long march during the revolution. Since that meeting, there has been considerable contact - between various agencies of the Chinese government and the National Board. To date, no solution has been found. However, several additional agencies have become involved in an attempt to provide solutions. Information has been provided to the United States Customs Service and the Nuclear Regulatory Agency, to alert the various agencies of the information received by the National Board on these products. In the interim,'the National Board has been advised of several failures of different types of equipment involving flanges produced in China. Fortunately, the failures reported have been found during hydrostatic tests or during in process inspections. Inservice failure of equipment has, to date, not been reported. l I I BuutTn/Sncm Et, mon 1992 5

[v ) - BuufilN/SPECIAL EDITION 1992 l

I LAB R EPORTS l l l BaaniN/SPECM.L EomON 1992 i 1

The instatiation of a 14" siip-on pange in a pipetine was recentiy

3 -

wilnessed bit At Justin, chief I' f...$). inspectorfor the state ofAlinne- / sota. Thepange originaity had a f 14-3/4 " inside diameter, which lx was reduced by weiding a 3/4 " _h ring and machine weiding. The L% i-a . ( ;.; ring, hou;ever, separated from Ihe [. .j{: }l l pange, givmg Ihe appearance of a 9y,1: GaSet sde at flange. crack. Thepange is reported to A N A LY S l S have been mannoctured in Ihe peopic s Repubite of china. OF A severai snchpanges have been reported in Iheperd. Att individuais in ihe SLi P-ON !"d"s'r? sho"Id be o" 'he "!"'Pr 'hes'9""s'*- FLANGE Thefo!!owins is a report by conunbus A1ctainnsicai services, inc. on the piture anaiysis of a siip-onpange. A " cracked" 14" diameter slip-on flange was non-destructis ely inspected by using magnetic particle, dye penetrant and ultrasonic test methods. The flange was also checked for material chemical analysis and macro and microstructure. On the basis of the results and obsen ations reported, the following coriciusion is draw n: The subject slip-on flange is not an integral forging or a casting. It has been fabricated by welding and machining a ring insert within a large diameter flange. The flange " cracked" because the n elds between the flange and the insert were inadequate to withstand the bolting pressure, BACKGROUND The " cracked" slip-on flange was receis ed by Columbus Metallurgical Sereices, Inc. in one piece. It had two diametrically opposite crac ks j located on pipe and gasket sides. It has been reported that several y such flanges are in the field. The subject flange has the following f engraved markings on the outside diameter (OD): Ei "14 300 SO RF D163 A105 848 ClilN A 02f' an, y j Th k To identify the cause of the failure it was planned to perform dye .ua m m e a m ) m penetrant, dry magnetic particle, ultrasonic and radiographic tests on hgure 2 A ciosc-up of the h suNect Onge. gonet sde shoeng the

  • crocv rdcation 8

Buuns/Sr+cs EomoN 1992 ) I \\

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS 4 x, First, the flange was UT tested from the - N OD. The indications were rather l puzzling because the reflections were g, consistently from a cylindrical surface about 3.75" from the OD. A dry mag-g. ?c netic particle examination confirmed l that the cracks extended more or less l 1 continuously in a circular path. The l NDT examination was concluded with

., e l

C =n ~- ~' dye penetrant tests as shown in the photographs in Figures 1 through 4. It Figure 3: Pipe side of flange. was quite evident that the flange was i not a single piece component. A large inside diameter (ID) flange was reduced to a 14" ID unit by welding a 0.75" thick ring. The welding faces had been machined. CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND METALLOGRAPHY The flange was sectioned into four pieces to obtain specimens for chemistry, as well as for macro and microscopic examination. The original engraved markings have been retained on one of the segments. The chemical analyses are as follows: 1 C Mn P S Si Cu Sn Ni Cr Mo Al V Main l~lange Steel .23 .62 .024 .03S .24 .27 .016 .094 .079 .026 .006 .003 Welded Insert Steel l 26 1.02 .017 .039 .28 .063 .003 .050 .046 .032 .008 .000 ANSI / ASTM A 105 i l .35 .60-1.05 .040 050 .33 1.4* .4' .3* .12' .03*]

  • Sum shall not exceed 1.1KN. Indicates madmum percent allowable.

1 i Figure 5: A Figure 4: A g close-up of 3 macro of ,,m the pipe o radial 5g..7 $- Q side Section. ^ b[y,. 'f ? :v , showing Etched 9' the g;l 1y l 50% HCI, eq CT[ e 15 / N ' crack, . zygg;m,, Ng ; gypq minutes. w n. yig n 'l n.nr;w. l Boun:N/SPEcat Eomou 1992 9

i f I~igure 5 shows the radial macro section eg:a

' -n.,y[g

-$[. # of the f!ange. Note the in ert ring MNj.,. ' I ' $. h(y +.,L ' - .,hy:r,ff. welded to the main flange. When nym- ,s another similar piece was further sec- - ~ a, vev - ,:2J D. s j tioned to retries e specimens for +yf,/~k-mounting and polishing, the insert ~g i g.kg;g@{p; i separated from the main flange. The gr y, a' 7 ' '4 i " [ y.!.y ] general microstructure (ferritic-pearlitic) ^f gy$. - l#.'.,: i ', - (y. '. ; li at 25X (Nital ett h)is shown in Iigure 6. ggr ', - g %',AL.= iAe Yp q.l+ i km n a s %,.,. y ') ((}-j j + 3Nff " M*y 44.; g ROCKWELL HARDNESS TEST ,,,, thycgagg,,.C;

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v4,q,p.'v M.. ~^g:i / ' m i 4 c-os i.- .sm j Main llange: 72,69,70 I { Rii As e = Figure 6 Photo showing genero! l . 011Ri; microstructure in the main flange (lower Insert: 76.78,801 IRll Ave = hotfL insert (uoper half) and weid metot (left 73 iigi; edge). 25x. N,tal etch I No further work was deemed necessary+ i l 1 i 10 Buarm/Smcat EonoN 'l992 i

REPORT L EVALUATION OF FLANGE B16.5105 N SO SID l-406 AND BLANK PF 105 B16.5 012 CHINA BL . prepared for THE NATIONAL BOARD OF BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTORS by WELDING CONSULTANTS, INCORPORATED June 3,1992 l l ButdTIN/SPECIAL EomoN 1992 ~i'i -

... ~ I i I l t i National Board of Boiler ard Pressure Vessel Inspectors i Analysis of Flarge B16.5 IDLN SO SID 1-406 OllNA USC i ard Blara PF 105 B16.5 012 CHINA BL j ' Jure 3,199? - Page 1 t EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

Welding Consultants, Inc. received, 5/12/92, a portion of a flange and blank for analysis. It is suspected the material is either not i forged ASTM A105 material as was specified or was misfabricated and l

  • slugged" (addition of non-homogeneous filler) to correct for under dimensioning or local defects.

] The scope of this evaluation is the following: l 1. Photograph portions of the flange which appear to have some type of " slugging". j l 2. Perform chemical analysis of the flange and blank' j material and compare with the accepted ranges for ASTM j A105. .l 1 3. Perform tensile tests for each component and compare with the ASTM specification for A105. I 4. Cross section and metallurg1cally prepare the flange and j blank to observe the microstructural characteristics which would indicate the material had or had not been l forged. j The non-fused filler or " slugging" appears to be two 1/8 inch j diameter rounds welded in place and subsequently machined. See I photographs in Figure 2. It can be seen the " slugging" has resulted in very little substratum for the fillet weld shown in Figure 2a. The chemical analysis revealed only one discrepancy between ASTM A105 and the material tested: the sulfur content for the flange was found to be 0.075% compared to 0.050% maximum as listed in the specification. See Table I. It could be argued that this high j sulfur content is significant when one considers the tendency of j steels to hot crack when the sulfur content approaches the accepted maximums of 0.04% to 0.05%, sulfur content of 0.075% becomes more [ suspect. j f The tensile test results comply with the ASTM A105 specification. } The cross sectioning of the flange and blank revealed micro-structure consistent with hot rolled plate steel. See Figure 2a j and 2b. It should be noted the chemistry of the materials tested comply with the compositional requirements of A105 with the i exception of the sulfur content of the flange. 12 Buu.ETIN/bPECIAL EomoN 1992 .~ ~__,._i

National Board of floiler ard Pressure Vessel lnspectors Analysis of flange !!16.5105N 50 8]D l-406 CHINA USC ard Blank PF 105 B16.5 012 OllNA BL June 3. 1997 Page ? l INTRODUCTION On June 12, 1991, Welding Consultants, Inc. received a section of a suspect flange and ' blank.for analysis. The material was supposed to have been forged ASTM A105 steel. The compliance of this. material with the A105 specification will' be tested by chemical analysis and by tensile tests. Often times, a forging is specified for a particular application. because of the desirable orientation of grains. A crane hook, for example, may have a forging procedure designed to increase its resistance to opening. That is, it will contain residual stresses which will tend to pull the hook closed. Evidence of the forging i operation can be detected by polishing and etching a cross section and observing the appearance and orientation of the grains.2 In this case, it is suspected the flange and blank have been fabricated from rolled plate rather than a forging. This will be proven by cross sectioning and etching each component and observing the microstructure. i Lastly, evidence has been found which would indicate the outer rim-of the flange face has been built up by the addition of some form of non-f used filler or " slugging". The danger of this situation is obvious. The nature of the " slugging" will be evaluated here, j i l f t ? i P P i i 1. Reference - terican Society of Hetals. Metals Hardbook Volune 9. USA,1985. Page 176. ButtEllN/8PECIA!. EomON 1992 35 f r

National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors Analysis of Flange B16.5 105N SO BID 1-406 CHINA USC ard Blank Pf 105 B15.5 012 CHlhA BL June 3.1992 Page 3 PROCEDURE The analysis of the flange and blank material proceeded as follows: 1. Chemical analysis was performed using an Angstrom V-70 vacuum Spectrometer. 2. Tensile testing was performed according to ASTM A370 using a Southwark Emary 200,000 pound tensile machine. 3. The cross sectioning of the flange material was accomplished using a Marvel band saw. The polishing-was accomplished in two steps: 1. the samples pictured in Figure la and lb were prepared using rotary sanding j equipment; 2. a final polish was accomplished using nap cloth and 15 micron alumina powder. The samples were etched using 5% Nital. 1 i i i t i h i d ButtniN/SPEciAt EomON 1992

I J d i i 1 1 National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel inspectors flange ard Blank Analysis May 28,1992 Page 4 RESUi,TS l The type of material was tested by chemical analysis and tensile tests. The results are contained in Table I and Appendix I j respectively. The sole discrepancy between the ASTM specification and the analysis is the sulfur content of the flange: actual 0.075% S compared to 0.0501 S maximum according to ASTM analysis = A105. It could be argued that this high sulfur content is j significant when one considers the tendency of steels to hot crack I when the sulfur content approaches the accepted maximums of 0.04% l of 0.05%, sulfur content of 0.075% becomes more suspect. l l The suspicion is that the material was not

forged, but was fabricated from rolled plate.

The decision was made to cross l' section and metallurgically prepare portions of the material to l observe the nature of the microstructure. The photomicrograohs shown in Figure la and lb are evidence the flange and blank, respectively, are fabricated from rolled plate. The somewhat elongated grains particularly noticeable in the photomicrograph of the blank are typical of hot rolled steel. Finally, the nature of the non-fused filler was to be determined. By simply cross sectioning the flange, the sample picture in Figure l 2c was easily separated from the rest of the flange manually. The j non-fused filler was found to be a pair of 1/8 inch rounds j evidently welded to increase the size of or repair defects in the flange. Figure 2b shows the " slugging" extending around the j flange. This situation was f ound in several other locations around the circumference. i f l \\ i I h Dy ',.$ lf}Y"*:? b np"M)f ~[ $=,.'~2-Y l l .1 G&p ?>fW we 1,'ry..m x_ t ?$ ' '?ls.,6-. h$&..& ,g Y$ 4 g N ' T. h QC&&Y:-RW Q' 3 E JD w_/3-fh Si2%Y2 fMM. a e$.. Y %S Qgi. e 2

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l 1a lb I l Figure 1. Appearance of Grain Structure of a) the Flange, and b) ~ the Blank Showing Elongated and Grains Indicative of Hot Rolled Plate. i i Baum/SricAt EonoN 1992 15 i

Natioral ik>ard of Boiler ard Pressure Vessel Insp*ctors f large ard Blare Analysis May 28,1992 Page 5 It can be seen the ' slugging' has resulted in very little substratum for the fillet weld shown in Figure 2a and 2b. r-gy ~ r .-. 3

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-6 i n- "2'" M . ' ~ y. } -r .g; e A.,;assidia, aam.uaa' %y .3'A wL: NJ, .nj ?a 2b 3 't a m79 / r.w I p, W. :y m.z t ,)[_phh:n%M, n.-9h@ k .n .p,, x .y s.,g :7 V.d. ' x, - f N ..r, ,, liiE'W^ %Q._'y _ _ ;_yy 2C iau r Ag,urance of i; c n - f u.=.=d n llc:r or slugging. Er ~' 1972 16 B: 05: 1 )

National Board of Boller ard Pressure Vessel Inspectors /,nalysis of f lange !!16.5105N SO 81D 1-406 CHikA USC ard Blara PF 105 U16.5 01? DilNA Bl. Jure 3.1992 Page 6 TABLE I. Results of Chemical Analysis ID C MN P S Si Cu Sn Ni Cr 'Mo-Al f Flange.31 .84 .040 .075 .25 .36 .015 .051' .14 .016 .033 Blank .21 .89 .019 .037 .22 .16 .017. .051 .027 .017 .033 A105 .035*.6-1.05 .040*.050* .35* .40* .40* .30* .12* Spec. V Nb Zr Ti B Ca Co Pb- .001 .000 .000 .001 .0002.0005.011 .00 .000 .000 .000 .001 .0001.0005.012 .00 .030* .02* - indicates maximum percent anowaue - Indicates no specified limit l 1 CONCLUSIONS The conclusions of this study are the following: 1. Neither the flange nor the blank were forged steel. It is evident they were both fabricated by machining hot rolled' plate. 1 2. The flange was built up by the insertion of a non-homogeneous I filler which was intended to either repair defects in the original fabrication or to compensate for under dimensioning. The filler or i J " slugging" appear to be two 1/8" diameter rounds welded in place (poorly) and subsequently machined. l l 1 i i .BuurTw/SMCIAL EomON 1992 37 i

- g,;2 Di' Slip-on rrised-faceflange. 7-Blind flange marked as Alv5 is a rolled plate product. 18 PSMIT;N/SatcAt Eamos 1992

~ Wsidin Consultants,Incm_i Professional Engineering and Inspection Services Worldwide July 30,1992 The National Board of Boiler and Pressure VesselInspectors Attn: Mr. A. M. Matthews, Jr. 1055 Crupper Avenue Columbus, OH 43229 l

SUBJECT:

CHINESE FLANGE ANALYSIS FLANGE ID: 4-300 B16 A105N W/N STD 4-1 CHINA WW Doc: Per your request, an analysis has been conducted on the above-referenced weld neck flange that was picked up at your office on Monday, July 27,1992. The following is a summary of the work performed and the results of the investigation. Figure 1 below shows the layout of the flange and the locations of test samples. edE 0 c <qu g p Q ~ ,/ 'Qy Q h,> { 3 c.~ e N i 6 6 hn va O

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Figure 1, Flange layout and sample locations i When the flange was first received, a visible crack was evident at the I transition between the flange and the weld neck. There also appeared to be machining grooves in this same vicinity. To verify the extent of cracking, the flange was subjected to penetrant testing. As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3 below, there was more cracking evident than could be detected visually. In fact, more than 75% of the circumference exhibit 3d cracking. t i j BURUIN/SPECLAL EomON 1992 ^59 l l

l, I I l l CHINESE FLANGE AN AL(5!S i l Flange ID: 4-J 00 E! M A l t f,N ' / N ST D 4-1 C H!N A W W l J uiy 30.1992 y-.. ~ e l I I l i .. ' ~,fl t l e - i d,..s c. 1 I t. .c. ~ n..

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CHINESE FLANGE ANALYSIS Flange ID: 4-300 B16 A105N W/N STD 4-1 CHINA WW July 30,1992 Section A was removed from the region identified in Figure 1. This section was polished and etched to for metallurgical examination. Of initial interest was whether the flange had been fabricated from more than one piece of material. Once the etched surface was visually examined, it was apparent that the flange had been machined from a single piece of metal. Next, it was necessary to determine whether the flange was a forged material or whether it had been machined from a plate product or a casting. This information was provided once Section A was examined under a micro-scope. Figure 4 shows the microstructure of the materialin the vicinity of the visible crack at the weld neck-flange transition. y t j $gfQN;k.Y{Ey:$ibT . +-], k [hi w 4 .%q & $t (Q y %l m a a( n'p1],s?a n ki@ N

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.WN, Q .pg. fag . ;M ' M-i gYXh ; sw it $lq D g Q'y g G M f R. g. y R;$$$g.t.t Wg Mhr e m i:M r % # M G [k'g~ ?' A-a% m f Wd ' ., hW ,E' h!'hswa sy:{0? k a .s m ~ h g. lc J 6W5sd$tr mLkl? dt32s .a. Figure 4, Section A microstructure at visible crack location (50X, Nital etch) Figure 4 vividly depicts the presence of material flow lines which is indica-tive of a forged material. Further, the fact that the grain structure appears rela-tively equiaxed indicates that this material was most likely subjected to a normalizing heat treatment following the forging operation. Another observation here is the fact that the apparent crack did not appear to have a sharp end condition, plus it was quite wide compared to its depth. Neither of these characteristics are typical for a crack. Butum/Sricu EumoN 1992 2I

CHINESE FLANGE ANALYSIS Flange ID: 4-200 B16 A105N W/N STD 4-1 CHINA WW July 30,1992 To obtain some additional information, a second section was removed at location B (see Figure 1). At this location, a crack had been noted during penetrant testing; however, it appeared to be much tighter than that appearing at Section A. Once removed, this section was also subjected to metallurgical i polishing and etching. The result appears in Figure 5. h f, f*' ?. ..?q& f a M f> I Figure 5, Section B microstructure at crack location (50X, Nital etch) This cross section also shows an uncharacteristic crack indication. Fur-ther, there is increased evidence of flow lines at the end of the indication. Based on these observations, it is felt that the indications noted on this flange are the result of poor forging practice which resulted in a forging lap at the weld neck-flange transition. The final information to be gained from this analysis involves the material chemistry. This will help determine whether this flange materialis in com-pliance with the chemical requirements for SA105 material. The results of this chemical analysis appear in the table on the following page. Looking at those resuits, it is apparent that this flange material has a chemical composition that complies with the requirements of SA105. 22 Buurm/SPEcuu EomON 1992

l l l l CHINESE FLANGE ANALYSIS 4' Flange ID: 4-300 B16 A105N W/N STD 4-1 CHINA WW July 30,1992 l 1 i i Chemical Composition l t Amount SA105-1 Element Present Requirement Carbon 0.19 0.35 max Manganese 0.71 Of0 - 1.05 Phosphorus 0.020 0.040 max Sulfur 0.021 0.050 max i Silicon 0.31 0.35 max Copper 0.15 0.40 max Nickel 0.063 0.40 max i 1 Chromium -0.043 0.30 max Molybdenum 0.016 0.12 max .l Vanadium 0.002 0.03 max j Columbium 0.000 0.02 max i Conclusions 1 Based on this analysis, the following conclusions can be made: 1) This flange is a forgir.g. j 2) It was normalized following the forging operation. l 3) The material complies with the chemical composition .j requirements of SA105. j 4) The crack-like indications are forging laps resulting from poor forging practices. .i .i i t i f 2 - P Buaan/SPEcw Eomon 1992 23 s I

CHINESE FLANGE ANALYSIS Flange ID: 4-300 B16 A105N W/N STD 4-1 CHINA WW July 30,1992 Doc, hopefully this information will be sufficient at this time. Should you l require any further information or analysis, just give me a call. I will be return-ing all of the sample pieces to your office. Thank you for allowing us to provide this service. ] Sincerely, WELDING SULTANTS INC. / j -l l Richard L. oldren, P.E. l Vice Pr ' dent / Welding Engineer i i a i r l h i Ub BuuEilN/8PECIAL Eomon 1992

Wsidin Consu tants, Iric ~ Professional Engineering and Inspection SeNices WorI5 vide August 28,1992 Mr. John D. McLoughlin The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vesselinspectors 1055 Crupper Avenue Columbus, OH 43229

SUBJECT:

ANALYSIS OF CHINESE FLANGES John: Per your instructions, an analysis has been performed on two flanges produced by two Chinese manufacturers. One was a slip-on configuration while the other was a weld neck type flange. The identif! cation markings are as shown below: Weld Neck: DSI 4-150 RF B16 A105N W/N STD 075 CHINA Slip-on: LEO 4-150 RFSO B16 A105N T M1-300 CHINA "

  • The "N" had been "x"-ed out with a steel stamp.

Our goal was to determine if the chemistries comply with SA105 require-ments, whether the material had been forged, and if the material had been nor-malizeri. The results of these analyses appear on page 2 of this report. as can be seen from the chemical analyses, the compositions are accept-able with respect to the requirements of SA105 with the exception of the exces-sive amount of manganese present in the slip-on flange. Brinell hardness tests were performed on each of the samples. The weld neck flange exhibited an average hardness of 158 BHN which is approximately equivalent to 78,000 psi. The slip-on flange had an average hardness of 176 BHN, or an equivalent tensile strength of approximately 85,000 psi. Both of these values are in compliance with the strength requirements of SA105 mate-rial. ~~ Buunn/SPEcuu Enmon 1992 25

~ ~ i b ANALYSIS OF CHINESE FLANGES Page 2 August 28,1992 r i e [ Chemical Analyses SA105 Weld Neck Slip-on i Element Requirement Composition Composition { Carbon 0.35 max. 0.23 0.28 Manganese 0.60-1.05 0.69 1.77 i Phosphorus 0.040 max. 0.017 0.013 l i Sulfur 0.050 max. 0.03 0.03 Silicon 0.35 max. 0.21 0.29 l Copper 0.40 max. 0.083 0.19 l Nickel 0.40 max. 0.072 0.016 j Chromium 0.30 max. 0.039 0.010 i Molybdenum 0.12 max. 0.019 0.011 -l Vanadium 0.03 max. 0.000 0.000 j Columbium 0.02 max. 0.000 0.000 i i Cross sections were removed from each of the flanges and polished to i reveal the materials' microstructures. Figures 1 through 4, on the following l pages, illustrate the polished and etched surfaces of each sample at both 50X and 100X magnifications. l i k t ( E l t I L -26 BuuGN/SPECAL Eomon 1992 { -~

ANALYSIS OF CHINESE FLANGES Page 3 August 28,1992 i

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ANALYSIS OF CHINESE FLANGES Page 4 August 28,1992 g q $14m.mgypc_ y - gqry e w,;y, 3-q f 7zjd. , t, : : prg. -f' 1 4l.* y ,J

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? ANALYSIS OF CHINESE FLANGES Page 5 August 28,1992 Several features are revealed through these photomicrographs. First, the i material does not appear to be a forging, nor do they appear to be normalized. However, it is difficult to determine from this brief analysis whether the materials l l are rolled plate or cast. The presence of extensive numbers of sphericalinclu-l sions, and the microstructural appearance suggests the possibility of these being cast materials; however, it is difficult to positively determine without l' further polishing and microstructural analysis. Should you wish to pursue this further, please let us know. The fact that there is no sign of flow lines is evi-dence that these are not forgings. John, hopefully this information will be satisfactory for your present needs. Should you require anything further, just give me a call. [ Thank you for allowing us to perform this analysis. i Sincerely, j WELDING iSULTANTS INC. i Richard'L. oldren, P.E. Vice Pr F. dent / Welding Engineer ( i a l i Baunn/SMC:AL EomON 1992 29

1 MSCM Note No. 92-7394 To: M S IP/H Written by: J. L. Hau [/ (5' 4 1/- /. / From: MSCM / - V l AOb{ Date: June 5th,1992 Approved by MSCM:

Subject:

Leaking piping fittings found in new 92'HDS complex revamp piping installations. -l r Copy to: HL. MS, MA. SIP, SIP /OC, MSIP i Seveml carbon steel pipe fittings leaked during hydrostatic testing done in new sections, recently fabricated during the Hydroprocessing Rationalization Project, hereafter referred to as HDS 1992 revamp. Up to now, the following items have been identified: No Item Standard'0 UNIT Remarks t 1 4" Weld Neck Flange A 105 LDHT Weld repaired and in service 2 6" Weld Neck Flange A 105 Withdrawn and sent to MSCM Lab 3 8" Weld Neck Flange A 105 HDS withdrawn and sent to MsCM 12b 4 4" T-Joint A 234 WPB Withdrawn and sent to MSCM Lab 0 ). ASTM 5 G" f>W i FIND 1NGS l

1. All defective fittings are carbon steel and are Made.ijlChina.

I 2. Defects were identified as forging laps (folds) or seams, which me internal discontinuities with a crack-like appearance produced during manufacturing of these components.

3. In the case of the flanges, the defects appeared to be located in the neck, near the edge that is to be welded to the pipe.
4. One of the examined flange also contained a very coarse Widmanstutten type of structure, typical of improper manufacturing practices (i.e. too high hot working temperature during forging).

4 CONCLUSIONS 1. Leaks during hydrostatic testing were produced in through-thickness forging defects, referred to as laps, folds and/or seams. 30 BotumN/SPECIAL Eomou 1992

MSCM Note No. 92-7394

2. The presence of these through-thickness crack-like defects suggests a lack of quality control during manufacturing and poor workmanship, typical of low quality products, which have recently flooded in the world market.

RECOMMENDATIONS i

1. The purchasing and the use of these and probably other low quality and presumably cheap items Made in China should be avoided since their poor quality could compromise the safety of operation.

2. Hydrostatic testing is a proven technique that gives adequate guarantee that the pipe lines and fittings are in serviceable conditions and that no through-thickness defects are present now. However, in the case of undetected subsurface forging defects which do not completely go through thickness and hence that did not produce leaks during hydrotesting, corrosion in the course of operation may reach such defects and hence future leakages in service can not be discarded all together.

3. Hence, identification and the exact location of other pipe fittings Made in China and that were recently installed in the HDS complex should be i

followed by radiography inspection to ascertain whether or not they contain gross forging defects that could develop leaks or failures in service. DEFINITIONS Foreine Defects: The forging as well as some other hot working shaping operations can produce mechanical defects known as laps and seams. 1;ms.: also called folds, occurs as the results of a protrusion of hot metal being folded over and iorged into the sunface. Some decarburization and oxidation usually occurs in thesc protrusions. The oxide present on the internal surface of the lap prevents the metal from joining during further forging. A discontinuity with a crack-like appearance is thus created, usually containing trapped oxide inclusions and with some decarburization being evident in the lap surface. Scams: are similar to laps in nature and effect. They appear as closed-up surface cracks and are attributable to hot surface tears in the original ingot and to embedded scale that has been torn l out leaving a cavity with oxidized wall, which then are prevented from healing during forging. A surface discontinuity with a emck-like appearance is thus created. Widmanst!itten Structure: this is known as an ovcihcated structure and results from heating well above the upper critical temperature when large austenite grains form and upon cooling this gives rise to this type of Widmanstutten stmeture, characteristically showing both lack of ductility and resistance to shock. ATTACIIMENTS 1 See attached photographs for findings and evidences. E Buarm/Sacmt Eomos 1992 3 t'

M MSCM Note No. 92-7394 l t i I i w f f (a) 4 ) l l v i .4 i I s ..4 t v- ^. 3 VUIpplFlppjlwi,I. t P H. i qlg 10l101 2 3 4;! 5 1 l (b) Fig.1. This is a 6" weld mk flange that leaked during hydrostatic testing. An attempt was made to remove and weld repair the defect but because it went deeperinto the neck, the attempt j was abandoned. l t i (a) A general view showing the flange on the side where the repair was attempted. The hole i just above the ruler is the excavation left after attempting to remove the defect. l (b) A close-up view of the excavation showing the crack-like forging defect (indicated by an arrow) and also some'sbefer oxide inclusions (indicated by two arrows) which looked l j like porous in the materiaI/ OFG I i 4 I 1 l 32 BUaETIN/3?ECAL EDmON 1992

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Fig. 2. This is a 4" Tec. Joint that leaked during hydrostatic testing. (a) A general view showing the e on the side where the words Made in China was stamped. The side u here the defect was found is indicated by an arrow. I (b) A front view of the side where the dc.~cct was found. The V cut was donc in an attempt to obtain a small s;unple of the defective area for metallographic examination. (c) Sketch showing the original shape and appearance of the defect, as seen from the outside surface. (d) While attempting to remove the V sample, spontaneous separation of the sample occurred through the crack. (c) Photograph of the metallographic sample showing the crack-like forging defect. ~ BuuRN/3r1CIAL Eomou 1992 33

A. j MSCM Notc No. 92-7394 j e Main cnula af.m Mn in 6'7 2e. l ,, w / x..,, M. / g ni r,, d_ M s .... < s. c., i4 ,, %.. g ; g '. 7,. .l, ' q. m$cdq$.;;') ~@ T ~ mug%W 7-C pqgidv T Ea% p q h L sk ' Q$2%.fc e w- < ~q %~ g &,0.m,J :,.w':.>~

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~. kh b- !I!i K ; e&n&'h&]p?~*,h,,W@u..Q;p!W;$ ^ h5 k 'yi: fIY ... 5? : 'i 6 N ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ F:M

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$$.,.. pbeYg.mW5&,k' Sbfkk%keihkhEhr,, ^f~ l m:,v. a g l f kh%k h. i a I (b) g g 'g j p g g g g g ; g g i Fig. 3. Photomicrograph through the crack as shown in Fig. 2c. The right-hand side edge of (a) f continues on the left-hand side edge of (b). Notice that the decarburization (lack of pearlite) associatec with the lap surface as well as the presence of slag or oxide i inclusions. This is a minor lap attached to the main crack, n hich is indicated above. i 34 Buu.ET!N/bPEcn EDmon 1992 i

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MSCM Note No. 92-7394 n Irnm ' ~ cpm h 4 g ?.. fd A 7 hhhhfb.h iBNn Fig. 7. Widmanstiitten and very coarse structure found in the 8" flange and indicating overheating during the manufacturing process. This type of structure is usually associated with low impact properties and ductility. Hardness taken on this sample was 146-152 HV. Baun:N/SPEcm.t Eomos 1992 37

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,w;; 3p*t * ? 2m.,w+ 4 4,.e \\ / x -.' ' .,& ; p. \\ .,..~ ~ l l l ll l (T 01h i 40 BUuETIN/SDECIAL EamON 1992 1

1 :' - - 2g., c- , s n...... L h o ~ s 4 t a m. f 7, Y ", ? f@GR? ft);q;.. T Aq m -a nit I . - p-- gy 'c$ pn4-p_. - - g W g- .. k, 1 ~ Q' ).:

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f Vill _ REPORTS l l l Since ANSI B 16.5and A 105 req :irc heat utunberidentification to appear on eachflange, Ihefollowing photographs and copics of mill reports can be used to identify products in thefield. Each mill test report has been annotated to identify where it or the product associated with itfails to comply with either ANSI B 16.5 or ASTM A 105. The photographs are included to illustrate various types ofdefectsfound. BournN/Srte:At EamoN 1992 d3 l \\

M ILL R EPORT No.1

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~ - - -... kC;WCL 4 un t r Trst-cntmcArt ..,.. a.+-r . a. m.__brum M= -.= 1~ ~ "u {p ?W e - m e ... r . m m .m m.., em nem f/c y w: ur.m. .... m --. TO R iu.. ! ri: k ic sa b .s se 47 c, ec c. r n

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w I . mrm.a m r-== sueurs a.ru ca aucs wirs ruz uerat.a:m .=r nu \\ / em gsea .-.._ - _.u..-, / Dias XIWAWir NttuXfL[ \\ f ( _= cum fu p p -y' ~; 1. The signature on this report is not theflange [. manufacturer. It is reported to be a trading company j representative. g. ' ;k 2. The sum ofIhe chromium and molybdenum is.35% hiatimum perntified by A-105 is.32% ga w;M l l Y 3. Flange exhibits inclusions. y ..o L 4. Tian Gong (trading co.) representative reported that Tai Gong is not the producing mill. 5. The trading company reported that Ding Xiang Flange Company did not use A-105 but instead used 25A1N to produce all ofitspanges 017-139 ionsL ,,.. n. / Y f 4 ? a ? 1 44 BouGIN/8PECIAL EomoN 1992

MILL REPORT No. 2 L M10. TEST RIIPORT 3 t, :,,- asPort PO y ogg 7 risprD f*T. w:.raso am h7 () 6*. U10 nm6 =a vais 3 r; ; 'l EngW t e&a.gs h C E I , ffg w t ^ traTrt tal am sad 3 an.s sa#3 yf I f'. 0 Tr, MI ** ~ gM[, * @ D ATL M '5 M ' Ey emDEe no 9N i ma . e. c.w c..r w r Wee M j h D****** Y.r. T.S. ltw B.A. 88****** C 6e. I 1 i M3 73h e y, i"'~j x m-un m u u W. W. M. wC a _g rp 1 d* tu ar eth t3a,se 13) 4 1247 TFM $8 $1 M If 59 74 2) f.

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3 it ....,.-....--.w..........e.--..m s ,i. ,u~.u....-.,.r... ? e I l 1. Unspecified clernents not listed as required try paragraphs 6.2 and 16.2 of ASTH 1 A-105 2. No record of nornializing as required l'y 16.2. ) I no photos availaNe BounN/Sncat EomON 1992 45

MILL REPORT No. 3 i I . + ' ein c-m.e._,,,, _

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W YtwrERArUt1 1. Unspecified elements not listed as required ly paragraphs 6.2 and 16.2 ofASTM A-103. 2. Independent laboratory test.s do not confirrn the test r:sults of this inaterial test repo:1. 3. T!anges produced to heat 1-406 are marked A-105N. This test report does not indicate normalization. 4. Heat 1-406 flanges have had voidsfilled with steel rods and then welded over (slugged welds). no photos availat,1c a 46 BauvedSacmt ExcN 1992

l MILL R EPORTS No. 4 ( A-E) l l 1. Do not identity uns;,ccfied clements. 2. Do no! indicate normalizing. _=y s,an yw ? $*),..-. M ECL-k. N 2.s aw a.us ma a.tw wa. eeun i.wmn am came eu 11 na S, F. m o a c :, m, m:ssa e, uns a.mun j .-min warrennz. am a m en sm:rwrm. san s n5 mea =~. i c.. ;. [*dWMMew&%ItaximEEMETPMMPJ"EEMfMME"kMMaggiEEh I e . o. c - -.. .-.t .2 m m .i m e .m u. m . i. m t y-nm e.. .. nn. . a.n m.,. m. u. m ., i,...... m. m n. c... 1.n...a.n m m u .m e... i....... m m m p .m c --. ..n m m u m ..m c... .2 ...a.2 m m. m k, e/rtis AL?/E S*tnr6 CAT.D'd i l I i t,

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1 - m m :< aq.3 9, ,c i y.. m - c_ 9 4y/112 14 P4O* 4AKM tt RKM & CMIFED IG E A CDEESCI MO IRE IkMCLAFJ Of 1HE 05rGmem. ML T33T 5tFKA"1 J A 1 i e c. g:n.-,cj wa ttsT 6u Katt l _,,,,,j.ur as s.;o. noise, rA: Tear _ ~~ _ SHOP ORDER l [ _ m._, cs N o_.. l w.-- m s 'l T_alk. _ j r 5 a - n- - ' mr

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MILL REPORTS No. 4 SHOP ORDER .au.L tJ '1 e.CHT rw sen 2._cu m lo -! _e2x _. mm__ e _.m_ms_ . m _ c u.__ w,,... r i -,,. 4 n=:rc. e e p.p wr,s p.%.m.e.s 2 (s., - n eu u.- ,n.u.a v... ,,,,,..,,,s ,a,,4 r - ~ ,r,,.,.,,, ...,......, n,, 3 %.

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p h i M ARKI N GS, DESCRIPTIO N S & PHOTOG RAPHS l l BuanrN/SPLCIAL EomON 1992 [9

Flanges with thefollowing markings have becn reported to the National Board. as problematic. This information should;> rote useful sinceflangesfrom the; same heat should carry markings identical to.these. .DSI 4 300 RF B 16 A-105N STD.345 CHIN A Cracked in heat affect zone i Hardness at fracture edge into the hub, range from over 500 to over 260 BHN. Chemical analysis was as follows C.38, Mn. 82, P.028,_ j J S.037, Si.030, Ni.40, Cr.40, Mo.15, Cu.47 The microstructure of the flange forging indicates an improper heat treatment after forging and certainly did not depict a normalized structure as would be expected from the "N" stamp on the forging. B-16.5 07'2 LEO STD TMl 454 CHINA i Cracking with inclusions. Cracks ground to.375" and increased in size. - r a LEO 4" 150 RFWN STD B-16 A-105 TB-511 CHIN A' + (TWO FOUND) Had been repaired by welding and had not been stress relieved or stamped per ASTM. 4" 150 N B-16 A-105 DZ44 GJ CHINA Cracked in the weld neck and had inclusions in two locations. 4" 300 STD A-105 57 CHIN A Weld neck cracked while welding. A-105 LEO 6150 RFWN S7 D B-16 Numerous inclusions in face. Inclusions in flange wall. = 50 BatumN/8HCAL Eomou 1992

i l I 4 300 STD B-16 A-105 N W/N 58 CHIN A i Deformed bolt hole. l Cidp in the raised face. Gouges in the weld neck. OD CHIN A 6 150 A I OS 90-610 B 16.5 [6] is in error. This blind flange is 8" size. Flange leaked in approximately 16 separate places. Flange showed evidence of extensive welding. Weld repairs were not identified with a letter "W" as required by A105. a 7 18 2150 RFSO B16 A105 IO9MI 292 CHINA radial crack from bore to bdt hole-visible from both sides - found during hydro. I We have reason to believe one facility, as a result of mill test reviews, has rejected 5,000 China flanges,3,000 of which had already been welded on pipe [ spools. Subsequent tests atlan independent laboratory reveak d that chemistry. was out of spec on more than 50% of 31 heats. In addition, the macroetch revealed a number of the f%nges had not been normalized although the letter "N" was stamped on the flange per ASTM. e F I BuufDN/$PEcuu EDl TION '992 Si i

1 i i ~~~ " " " G Flange exhibits laps or scams to { mwpemr n,n v mwn T> lf"' '[,. ~ ' ejf an edge depth ofapproximately { l

p 5,i+.M$?gygg%

?,? m, F 50% of wallihickness. l uw w..%: h ,. 9,.w::...cr. w, l .s ,..y:p+,s - pg ~. ..a> h I N d. * ' ' I ' :~ ~ m l< ij>:e -.' g. v .c i; a.uw V. 4 I i g..., s.. om. 'yq. xa m - r

y. w. m,.,w;y k...

0 - @5 j~ - c. npu qp-.;h,y,CA W) j- .s, l i +.< g nm {.g f s [ D 'fI S-i,/ "1* jg> ~ ,t m o i 1 t 4 i e, f j l kinnw-25L.dkauh01 l 1 4 cv ) 1 i ,i ~, - t i ..m i i m r. i l i n m; g 1 s a t 0 I m, v f 4 r .s u n ~Wip , y, - 1 l s y l

51m,

,. v.ae 2 4 ;4 s a k s d,.2.a a ni M A L Ed i a a 6 )M M da, d 3 ,,.m.m.,e I i j pr , J j c . s I l .+ P l } .f ? j J I ....,s d ^ W '*.,.,. _'^ . 24.'((* Y L l = l W 4 2 l I 52 BULLETIN /8PECIAL Eomon 1992 l l

1..

i i l; l Thefollowingfour photographs are of a 14 ~ slip-onpangefound in All>cria, Canada. Thispange is identified with thefollowing markings: i i I ph e _. j[r^%... j ~~ " ' I I T s....- w^ %;f.1? s. c g , _ p.[$

l ' uj,V fn G put. s...

{ { S t l ~ ngh '# ^ 98j) l % 4%, w /O , f:Y.:>;;:W. Y$%.L 5 l 50$b k i N ,f'~, lt Q, ' 2 \\ 4 n, n a m,; . f,* W W,. %;p I z,. , e e ,a k h &L? Wl1 mlYh Y:$ i .u-Fullflange i t I g y .y w.

~

wy gm yryv; g$ne r7-y;' s - z,_ + a j;. IT f; i +

  • MhMf {lhp'{, [

l

+' - C '

n w$3 b ', l f4 .* / d ,g. i l .. +. @ :, :'. J}. s L.;4 ;]M4 gr.:.,. i 1.4 y', l 3 g. w-3: <, y 1 v. te f, E,{'; '~ t l rY, n. 4 3.. , g-s ^ n + i i l ,a e. +'"_w -'e - r M-r-- - - a ..y_. j ^i N l ., _ - h h.y } T ~ am< l m-r, m, ~rrry 1,.. it 3 SXM A105 B16.5150 SO RF 14 B913725 CHINA i l l ButtrnN/Sarcat Enmou 1992 53 l l i

i ns 'Gg r w { p-J 7. --j~.it ['[]+( q, >>- ' a g) s-s yI '

4/4., # ) 'p s i

s 3 ~/ i 1 ,#i'*A ap. ,N l ~ - I 4 r g e. i l [. j Gasket side 1 i l Wigygf4eyh i "M 4s..:'n 4 -q * ' p- .; s, ., r [; },5_ll$$ syn .o ( .) -f:

k.. g >

l t y.n, ,n 'p f,)' ! Q. i ' l;., & : g (* _ p,1 t ~r :g *; 4 a y i j l ' v z :: 5cf' 'kk./ u _ 4' . y g?~ w f ig = ' %e w y; g r . i l Q,9 M l .h 25 t Ofher side l i l i l l 54 BUdElN/8MCAL EomON l992

e LETTER OF RESPO N SE FROV CBPVI l ButuDN/3PECiAL EomcN 1992 55

r gpg CENTRE OF BOILER & PRESSURE VE f' RESEARCII OF TIIE h1INISTRY OF L . R. C. h s B FACS!IsllE 1 RAW 34Bl$5fCN: khi:

  • g TO:

NM. dob 7 waa.r EROM: $q 2mu af cya FAX NN [/h 8W DATE SENT: ATTENTION: Sh Q NO OF PAGES (mc. O host). [ h PLEASE ADVISE AS SOON AS PO$5 M 18tE 1F ALL PAGES ARE NOT RECEf (, VED .g

Dear Mr.Mcloughlin,

I have read your letter to Mr.Zhang Li Director) on Aug. Mr. Youmei 6th 1992 as w Zheng anhai (CBPVI's ell as the copy of your lett importance (the the details of the matter. State vice Council of ft about it, Mr.Zhang Lianhai P.R.C.). er to the has For the d) discussion between youand I also have got just in U.S. reported me .all 5,omething about As the directorand our Liao Ning Province delthe information about 9 quality of of CBPVI, the flange made in China.I'd like to informegation f the Hcw in China? to result you and ExportThank for yourthe problem of the pg issued a order aboutCommodities Inspection and tand our great efforts g has flange.aade The State follow Inport !O it. The main pointsesting Bureau of P.H.C y of the order is f In order to ensure the quality as fl a nge, elbow, tube i for for boiler since Jan export must other inspectivebe compelled to beand pressure ves. lst.1993, 3 or some all the inspected and tested bysel made in China) standards units be or the standards according to the CBPVI i so kind of the companies concerned in your coto inform these to yourimported countriesinternation A this mandatory inspection nvenience, leagues as . Would you fj co make sure well T?)j inspective marksin their contractsto add the clause about the as the on the concerned I am looking forward to heari commodities concer,ned.and to y in Vith my best ng from you soor ! In

regards, q.

Your sincerely h N@ k d Vang Hannut k s Director of MVI g#)E 9 m s* Ji ch.., n 9 T.t zu u l? son > nas p. rax uww s mm .assses. con > ssssee p.vu, samm gw s c.hi.: s m m ;uuan satsswo seas pare l 4_ mmwamswum + mum ma pews

  • 56" g g.p/ SPEC @L EomoN 1992 -

W r iL-(. 1 c l THE NATIONAL BOARD OF B01L'ER BULK RATE ' AND PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTORS U.S. POSTAGE 1055 CRUPPER AVENUE ~ P A.I D COLUMaus, OH10 43229-1183 '- Cotuusus,OHto - f;j s PERMIT No.117l - ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED ') ) e + t -t .k W ? .'l J k ? P j 'f - + . t I L h ,, _}}

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