ML20029C616
| ML20029C616 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 03/21/1994 |
| From: | Taylor J NRC OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS (EDO) |
| To: | Hoke M HOUSE OF REP. |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20029C617 | List: |
| References | |
| FRN-59FR9146, RULE-PR-20 CCS, NUDOCS 9404190192 | |
| Download: ML20029C616 (11) | |
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UNITED STATES d
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 4
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March 21, 1994 The Honorable Martin R. Hoke United States House of Representatives Washington, DC 20515
Dear Congressman Hoke:
I am writing in response to your letter to Chairman Selin dated February 18, 1994, regarding the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District's petition for rulemaking.
Your comments regarding the petition are appreciated and will be considered in NRC's resolution of this petition.
In a separate but related matter, we were informed by Advanced Medical Systems, in a letter dated August 8, 1993, that they will provide twenty-four notice to the NRC Region 3 office prior to releasing any radioactive material to the sanitary sewer, sven though this is not currently a requirement of NRC licensees.
We agree with your view that the long-term effects of releases of radioactive materials to sanitary sewers needs to be addressed.
You also stated your position that resolution of the petition should not be misconstrued as a long-term solution and that a broader range of issues needs to be addressed. We at the NRC share this concern and in that regard, the NRC recently published an advance notice of proposed rulemaking regarding disposal of radioactive material by release into sanitary sewers. A copy of the Federal Register Notice is enclosed.
This notice solicits comments on a number of issues associated with the disposal of radioactive material into sanitary sewers.
In addition to the publication of this notice, the Commission has initiated contract support to evaluate the potential for typical wastewater treatment processes to concentrate radioactive material.
The results of this effort should be available by the end of this calendar year and will be utilized, along with the comments received on the above notices, in determining whether additional restrictions on the release of radioactive material to sewers are warranted.
Thank you for your interest in this matter.
Sincerely,
-/
s Ta or ecutive irector j
for Operations
Enclosure:
Federel Register Notice i
4 l
s
- 9146, Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 3a / Friday, February 25, 1994 / Proposed Rules (vi) To allow inspedors to make Done in Washic,; ton. DC this inrh day of Service,5285 Port Royal Road, unannounced inspections of the facility. February,1994 Springfield VA 22161. A copy is also (d) Approval of an irradiation facility, PatrMa Jen, available for inspection and/or copying,
- W "
and the cornpliance agreement required Whon k.tanse wrbtmg and for a fee, at the NRC Public Document under paragraph (c)(2) of this section, m
Romn,2120 L Street, NW. (Lower are effective for one year, unless IFR De 94-4326 Fded 02-2M4,6.45 aml level). Washington, DC.
withdrawn or canceled under paragraph suo con es FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr.
(c) of this section. In order to renew Georgo E. Powers, Office of Nuclear approval, irradiation facihties must, on Regulatory Research. U.S. Nuclear an anmial basis, renew the compliance NUCLEAR REGULATORY Regulatory Commission. Washington, Nreement and undergo reinspection.
COMMISSION DC 20555, telephone (301) 492-3 74 7.
(e) Approval of an irradiation facility 10 CFR Part 20 SUPPLEMENTAR Y INFORMATION:
n.ay b, denied or withdrawn, arnt any cc,.npliance agreement entered into RIN 3t50-AE90
Background
under this section may be canceled, orally or in writing, if:
Disposal of Radioactive Nerial by regulates the release of radioactive (1) An inspector determines that a Release into Sanitary swr Systems material by licensees into sanitary sewer facility or its owner or operator does not AGENCY; Nuclear Regulatory systems under 10 CFR part 20. The basis mee' or has not complied with the Commission.
for the NRC's sewer release requirements was established over 35 requirements of this section; ACTioH: Advance notice of proposed years ago. The NRC and Agreement (2) The operator or a person kmaking.
States have become aware of instances responsibly connected with the business
SUMMARY
- The Nuclear Regulatory where radioactive meerial has been of the irndletion facility has committed any act involving fraud, brbry*
Commission (NRC)is seeking detected in sewage tre ttment systems.
information to deterrn% whether an anunauon ohemal oh cam extortion, smuggling, or any other act involving a lack of integrity needed for amendtnent c: N iegulations governing ed the Commission to modify the the release of radionuclides from
".# 5 the conduct of operations affecting the Ocensed nuclear facihties to sanitary
- "N "" " P* d irradiation of FGS, as determined by the S'"
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Administrator.
sewer systems is needed. The potential rulemaking would revise the. approach gainst radiation added to 10 CFR part (f) For the purposes of this section, a to h.mtting the release of radioactive 20 (56 FR 23360; May 21,1991). In person shall be deemed to be materials into sanitary sewer systems by particular, the Commission removed the mvision (except for the case of responsibly connected with the business hcensed nuclear facilities based on
[iologically dispersible materials) of tne quarantme facility if such person current sewer treatment technologies.
has an ownership, mortgage, or lease This advance notice of proposed which allowed the disposal of interest in the facility's physical plant, rulemaking is bemg issued to Invite dispersible materials into sewers or if such person is a pasiner, officer, comments, information, and because it appeared that dispersible, but director, holder or owner of 10 per recommendations from interested insoluble materials, were generally centum or more ofits voting stock, or parties on the issues that have been impliced in the sewer sludge an employee in a managerial or identifled as candidates for contamination cases. In addition, the executive capacity, consideration as part of this rulemaking' concentrations allowed for vrafous radionuclides released to sewers were (g) If the denial, cancellation, or DATES: The comment period expires withdrawalis oral, such action and the May 26,1994. Comments received after reduced by a factor of 10, as part of an overall reduction in effluent release reasons for the action shall be confirmed this date will be considered ifit is limits. The concentrations listed in in writing as promptly as circumstances practical to do so, but the Commission allow, Any owner or operator whose is able to assure consideration only for Table 3 of appendix B to 10 CFR part 20 were calculated on the basis of a 5 facility has been denied approval, comments received on or before this whose facility's approval has been date.
mSv (500 mrem) dose via ingestion of material at the discharge point imm the withdrawn, or whose compliance ADDREsus: Mall comments to: The licensee. The concentrations listed in -
agreernent has been canceled, may Secretary of the Commission U.S.
Table 3 were considered reasonable ~
appeal the decision, in writing, within Nuclear Regulatory Commission, since it is unlikely that any individual to days after receiving written Washington, DC 20555, Attention:
would actually consume water at the notification of the denial, withdrawal, Docketing and Service Branch.
point of discharge and since dilution.
or cancellation. The~ appeal must state Deliver comments to: 11555 Rockville' from additional contributions within the all of the facts and reasons upon which Pike, Rockville, Maryland, between 7:45 sanitary sewer would likely reduce -
the person relies to show that the a.m. and 4:15 p.m. Federal workdays.
levels to well below the 1 mSv (100 approval was wrongfully denied or F.xamine copies of comments received mrem) annual dose limit for members of withdrawn, or that the compliance at:The NRC Public Document Room, the public. The provisions permitting agreement was wrongfully canceled. As 2120 L Street NW. (Lower level),
the release of soluble material and the promptly as circumstances allow, the Washington, DC.
total quantitles of material which could Administrator will grant or deny the Copies of NUREC/CR-5814, which be released in any one year were appeal, in writing, stating the reasons supports this advance notice, may be retained in the revision to 1G CFR part for the dedslon. A hearing will be held purchased from the Superintendent of 20.
to resolve a conflict as to any material Documents, U.S. Covernment Printing These provisions have been effective fact. Rules of practice concerning the Office, P.O. Box 37082. Washington, DC since June 1991. Ilowever, licensees hearing will be adopted by the 20011-7082. Copies are also available have until January 1,1994, to comply Administrator.
from the National TechnicalInformation with the requirements. In promulgating I
Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 38 / Friday. Februa'ry 25, 1994 / Proposed Rules 9147
~ he revised etandards for protection Materials into Sanitary Sewer Syvems." over incineration. As a result, th t
against radiation, the NRC ednowledged that additional NUREC/CR-5814 includes informa' ion 21,1991, final rule allows readily information was necessary regarding on sewage treatment and disposal dispersible biological material to be practices, and exposure pathways and pdtential pathways of exposure and scenario analysis, based on case studies released but prohibits the release radiation doses that could result from of situations where radioactive non-biolcgicalinsoluble matarial -
The Commission rM-that new "
releases into sanitary sewers, contamination has been reposted in technologies for sewer tientment are particularly in 11 ht of new sewerage sewer systemsor in sewer treatment currently under devabpmansuch as -
8 treatraent systems that further sludges.
the emerging mes-m-based.
concentrate solids and are used by large The PNL study performed theoretical treatments which use bioproossaors la municipalities. The NRC is publishing modeling of most types oflicensee this advance notice to obtain public radioactive discharges, exmpt for neutralize sludge.These bioprocessors associated with the release of excreta from individuals undergoing can be selected with unique abilities to comment on a number ofissues selectively reconcentrate specific heavy medical diagnostic or tl.erapeutic metals and organics. In the radioective material to sewer systems, administrations of radicadive material, This information will be used in.
which are exempt from regulation under consideration of new requireinents evaluating what additional changes to 520.2003. Modeling scenarios estimated Commission invites comments on to what extent and how the regulations the requirements in 10 CFR part 20 may the exposure to individuals at the sewer should take into accoun be necessary. nis information will also treatment facility and as a result of be used in assessing tbe impacts of the various uses of sewage sludges resulting technologies for processing including technologies such as various options that may be available for from treatment.The results of the study bioprocessing o imposing any necessary additional predicted doses of 0.2 to 93 mremlyr Loincident with publication of this requirements.
total effective dose equivalent (TEDE).
advance notice, the Commission han s
E.SC"8I "
The assumptions used in the study were initiated contract support to analyze These are approximately 15,000 sewer that all material was released at the part typical water treatment processes.
areatment plants (STPs)in the United 20 limit and subsequently which includes determining how the reconcentrated.Thus, the doses solubility cf materials in influent to a States and 23,000 specifically licensed calculated represent an upper bound of treatment plant may be changed in a users of radioactive materials. It is not uncommon for several licensed possible doses to actual individuals.
way that affects the potential dose to radioactive materials users to discharge Request forInformation and Gammeot members of the public.,One ible radioactive waste materials into the The Commission requests comments outcome of this analysis cou d result in same sewerage system. Sewage and information on a number ofissues modified restrictions regarding the (capacity) planta (STP) vary in size related to requirements for disposal of forms of materials suitable for disposal.
treatment gallons per day (gpd) to over 1 billion radioactive materialinto sanitary Comments on the potentialimpacts on from less than 1 million sewers. This request for comments and licensee's operations associated with -
gpd. A capacity of 1 million gpd would information is in the context of any additional restrictions regarding the forms of materials suitable for dispersa!-
serve about 5000 people and a few small evaluating the options which may be are solicited.
commerdal users. A 1 billion gpd available to the Commission to provide facility would accommodate a additional or alternative means of f2) McQuan%ofMoren. l population of about 5 million people regulatory control over releases into in the May 21,1991, final rule, the a
and a substantial industrial base. The sanitary sewers.The ccmments and Commission did not change the total sewage treatment process, the size of the information which will be particularly quantity of radioactive materials which sewage treatment facility, and the amount, as well as the physical and useful are those related to the impacts could be released into sanitary sewers, chemical form, of the radioactive of various attematives for each issue, in brief, the limits are 185 GBq (5 Ci) of materials released to the sewer system including impacts on various types of 311. 37 GBq (1 Cl) of HC, and 37 GBq licensees such as biomedical and (1 Cl) of all other radioactive matenals can have a significant effect on the fate university researth licensees.
combined to be released into a sanitary of the radioactive mate. als in the process and the final concentrations of f 71 form /theMoten. lforDisposal sewer by a licensed nuclear facility in o
materials in the sewer sludge or ash, The standards for protection against a year p'rovided the licensee complies A number ofincidents of radioactive radiation in 10 CFR part 20 permit the with the other requirements of 10 CFR 4
disposal of materials into the sanitary 20.2003. The use of a total quantity litnit material contamination and reconcentration have occurred. A sewer if they are soluble or readily has been a long. standing requirement description of some of these cases is dispersible biological materials.
and was originally included to address included at the end of this notice. It Formerly, the release of dispersible non-concerns regarding the possibility for should be noted that each of these cases biological material was permitted. At reconcentration. The Commission occurred prior to implementation of the the time of publication of the 1986 solicits comments regarding the revised part 20 limits for releases of acceptability of this approach,and radioactive material to sewer systems.
proposed rule (51 FR 1092; January 9.
whether a total quantity to be released 1986) for the revised standards for should be specified or otherwise in 1989, the NRC contracted with protection against radiation, the limited. As an alternative, the.
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL), to study situations where Commission had proposed that only Commission solicits comments on an soluble materials be permitted for radioactivity has been reported in sewer disposal into sanitary sewen. The approach which might limit the total systems or sewer treatment sludge. The Commission received significant quantity of each radionuclide, such as some muhiple of the annuallimit of results of the PNL study were published cornment at that time regarding the intake values or the related exempt in May 1992 as NUREG/CR-5814, practice of research institutions to use quantities published in 10 CFR part 30.
"&oluotion ofExposureIbthnnys to sewer disposal as the preferred This ahemative approach could have Manfrom DisposalofRodioactive attemative for disposal of tissue samples the advantage of spedfying a total 4
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9143 Federd RegLter / Vol. 59 No. 3a / Friday, February 25. 1994 / Proposed Rules
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quantity limit,concentratism and fonn facets related to this regulatory ash residue. It is believed that the requirement basc<f upon the biokinetics approach.
contamination occuned over a period of
- l and health risk for each radionuclide. In First, should the Commission several years. Tests performed by the j
particular, the Commission solicits continue an approach of limitation State of New York in 1984 showed 4
comments on the potential impacts on based upon an individual being exposed levels up to 27.75 Uq/g (750 pC1/g) of l
licensee's operations associated with by the ingestion of water from the sewer 2n Am in ash taken from a sludge further restrictions on the total quantity outfall? Altematively, should the incinerator. Levels of 5.92 Bq/g (160 of radhctive matedal which could be Commission consider other locations, pCi/g) were detected in landfill samples.
released during a year, such as at a treattnent fadhty,in The levels in the sludge at the time of
& Commission.dso invites determining the level of protection to be the investigation were up to 3.7 Bq/g comments on whether the total quantity providedt if so, what modeling (100 pC1/g). Following the termination of r:dionuclides that may be released to assumptions would be appmpriatet of licensed activities in 1983, these a sanitary sewer by a licensed nuclear Further, how would these types of levels decreased to less than.037 Bq/g facility snould take into consideration approaches deal with exposure (1 pCi/g) by 1986. Bloassays of STP thi c pacity and treatment methode scenarios such as contamination in workers and landfill workers detected used by the water treatment plant that sewage sludges, as has been the case in no radioactivity over backgroimd levels sarves the licensee, and whether contamination incidents 7 in their lungs or bones.
consideration should be given to the fact Second, should the Commission Case 2-Crand Island, New York that many licensed facilities may consider hmitation using a dose limit Because of the 2*iAm contamination discharge into the same sewer treatment approach, and provide total quantity plant. In this regard, the Commission is and concentration valuesin a at the Tonawanda STP, the New York interested in comments on the Regulatory Guide to facilita'.e Department of Health also collected compliance with the dose limit?
sludge samples in 1984 at the Grand practicality of these approaches.
Island STP, which received efBuent Tha NRC has also. received a petition (4) Exemption of Patient Excreta from another manufacturer that for rulemaking submitted by the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District The present requirements exclude Produced devices that used sil. 220Po, from sewer release limits the and 2*i Am. This manufacturing facility concerning the disposal of radioactive material into sanitary sewerage (PRM-contribution of patient excreta which discharged about 0.925 MBq/yr (25mCL/
} of 2+1 Am into the sanitary sewer that 20-22). A nouce of receipt and request may contain radioactive materials as a
{d into the Grand Island STP. The for comment on the tition was result of nuclear medicine diagnosis or o to ng uen with a a
in hese t o
0 993 FR 54
).
e petitioner bquests that the NRC amend pmcedums have short half-lives and sludge production averaging 450 ton /yr.
ent reIca m th th o
a it t as lt p vide t
h irrs an su cdvance notice to the a riate sewer. Thus, doses to individuals from rernoved through primary and c
sewage treatment plant ore releasing this source are expected to be far below sec ndary treatment. Tertiary treatment the t or m rs of the {,atra n p Sc m uc5 as r:dioactive material to the sanitary lieves that the present regulati[n isacu a p n,and ests the NRC exemp erials th:t enter the san (tary waste stream adequate but recognizes that P,
g aludge is digested and P
approva f erstion e
ve w
o o a sub u 1 m
n on at a ent under the NRC's current regulations.
Qen 6 a landfill. The erage *iAm g
Comments on the issues raised in this invites comments re'garding the concentration in the dry sludge was petition will be considered in any possible revision to NRC regulations.
ap rop ate ss of cont the about 3.7 Bq/g (100 pC1/g) dry weight when first studied. At the request of the (3) Type ofUntifs The prelimin views e ressed in New Y rk State Department of Labor, the manufacturer reduced the 2*iAm W present method of limiting this notice may ge in 11 t f relnases into sanitary sewers is to c mments received. in any case, there concentration in its liquid discharges after the contamination was identified.
specify annual total quantity and will be an op ortunity later for By adding filtration to the licensee's concentration values of radioactive additional p lic comment in holding tank, concentrations of 2* tam mate:1als. Table 3, Appendix B, of c unecuon with any pmposed rule,that in sludge were decreased to about 1.48 nvised to CFR part 20 lists the may be de veloped by the Commission.
Bq/g (40 pCi/g). Using information concentrations of radioactive materials Case Studies provided by the State of New York, calculations of the annual average.
O which can be disposed ofin sanitary Case f-Tonawanda. New York sowas and is based upon a calculated concentration of ** tam in the wet i
dose of 5 mSv/yr(500 mrem /yr) via A manufacturer of smoke detectors, sludge were based on the assumption d
Ingestion of the einuent as the total which used Ameridum-241 (241Am) '
that all sitAm entering the plant was vcter intake of the individual (2 liters /
foils, operated in the 1970s and early concentrated in the sludge. Wipe d:y) at the point of release. These limits 1980s in Tonswanda. New York. When samples taken within the STP did not tre based upon a model of exposure the facility was being decommissioned detect *$Am above levels allowed for which assumes that an individual could in 1983, a*iAm contamination of the unrestricted use (20 dpm/100cm2 be present at the sewer outfall of the sewer lines leading from the facility was removable alpha contamination and 100 Ikensee, and that the exposure pathway detected. Similar contamination was dpm/100cm2 total removable and fixed is ths ingestion of water. The subsequently detected in the STP alpha contamination). Some of the Commission invites comments on two sewage sludge and incinerated sludge workers used dried sludge as a soil i
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e 4
The Honorable Martin R. Hoke March 21, 1994 United States House of Representati'ves-i
, Washington, DC 20515 J
Dear Cong,
ressman Hoke:
I am writing in response to your letter to Chairman Selin dated February 18, 1994, regarding the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District's petition for i
rulemaking.
Your comments regarding the petition are appreciated and will be considered in NRC's resolution of this petition.
In a separate but related matter, we were informed by Advanced Medical Systems, in a letter dated August 8, 1993, that they will provide twenty-four notice to the NRC Region 3 office prior to releasing any radioactive material to the sanitary sewer, even though this is not currently a requirement of NRC licensees.
We agree with your view that the long-term effects of releases of radioactive materials to sanitary sewers needs to be addressed.
You also stated your position that resolution of the petition should not be misconstrued as a long-term solution and that a broader range of issues needs to be addressed. We at i
the NRC share this concern and in that regard, the NRC recently published an advance notice of proposed rulemaking regarding disposal of radioactive material by release into sanitary sewers.
A copy of the Federal Register Notice is enclosed.
This notice solicits comments' on a number of issues associated with the disposal of radioactive material into sanitary sewers.
In addition to the publication of this notice, the Commission has initiated contract support to evaluate the potential for typical wastewater treatment processes to concentrate radioactive material.
The results of this effort should be available by the end of this calendar year and will be utilized, along with the comments received on the above notices, in determining whether additional restrictions on the release of radioactive material to sewers are warranted.
Thank you for your interest in this matter.
Sincerely, Original signed by Janus R Tcy!0f James M. Taylor Executive Director for Operations
Enclosure:
Federal Register Notice See next page for Distribution
- See previous concurrences Offc:
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Federd Registsr / Vol. 59 No. '38 / Friday, February 25, 1994 / Proposed Rules 9149 s
supplement in' their home gardens, and were set by Tennessee's Division of Case 6-Cleveland, Ohio one garden showed measurable amounts Radiological llealth, to limit the amount of 24%m. Based on the sampling data, of radioactive material released to the During an aerial monitoring survey of it was concluded that there did not sewer system. Additionally, the lh ensee an NRC licensee in the Cleveland appear to be a radiation hazard to the,
was allowed to release only soluble metropolitan area, aCo contamination STP employees or landfill employees material, because it was suspected that-Wins identified in a STP that is part of r
0 and that no specific safety measures some of the material previously released the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer F
- f. beyond thoee normally taken byemployees would be required of these had been insoluble.
District (NEORSD) and services a large r facuides, A study was conducted by the State Portion of Cuyahoga County.The source of Tennessee to evaluate the risk to the of the radioactivity may have originated Case J-Royersford, Pennsylvania general public from the radionuclides fr m a sealed source manufacturer A commerciallaundry for released into the sanitary sewer systems which had previously discharged to the radioactively contaminated protocuve at Oak Ridge and Erwin, Tennessee. The STP. Analysis of treated sewerage clothing discharged cpproximately
' study estimated that there were four slud ;es samples revealed soCo 15,000 gallons of wastewater per day to radionuclides of conarn in the sludge, concentration averages from the local sanitary sewer system. The of which 2srCs was the primary approximately 2.96 to 14.8 Bq/g (80 to wastewater from the laundry was contaminant, with lesser quantitles of 400 pCi/g). The STP is currently temporarily stored, treated to adjust the
- Co, u4Cs and s4Mn. It was determined proceeding to remediate the site. In pli, and analyzed for gross alpha and that the primary risk would be through October 1993, the NRC has received two gross beta activity before the contents consumption of vegetables grown in a Requests for Modification of a License were released to the sanitary sewer garden fertilized with sludge from the under 10 CFR 2.206 from NEORSD. The system. Inspections by the NRC in late STP at an estimated dose rate of first 2.206 Petition, notice of receipt 1985 revealed no violations by the approximately 60 pSv/yr (6 miem/yr).
published in the Federal Register on licensee. Subsequendy, an inspection of A ril 13,1993 (58 FR 19282), requested P
the Royersford STP reyealed radiation Cm Mashingt#"' DC modification to a license to require the levels up to 12 pSv/h (1.2 mR/h) above The Blue Plains Wastewater licensee (1) to assume all cx>sts resulting background at the secondary digester.
Treatment Plant processes waste from from the off-site release of cobalt-60 that Decause of these elevated levels, the the metropolitan Washington area, had been deposited at a District NRC evaluated the impacts of the including a number of Federal research treatment plant, and (2) to radionuclides released to the sanitary facilities that use a relatively broad decontaminate the sewer line sewer system by the laundry facility.
ne evaluation encompassed not only spectrum of radionuclides. Some liquid connecting the licensee's facility and effluents are released directly to the the District's treatment plant. ne the STP, but the potential radiological sanitary sewer system, while others are second 2.200 Petidon, notics of receipt a
tem rary b Iding tanks to published in the Federal Register on (nnit decay o[short-lived isotopes cu t a are as ell e sults -
Demmber 6,1993; 58 FR 64341, indicated that the highest potential f te relea8* In8Pections of two requested modification to. a license to doses would be received by farmers researth facilities and the STP were working the fields where the sludge had require that the licensee provide been applied. Ilowever, potential doses conducted in early 1986, with no adequate financial assurance to cover were less than 50 Sv/yr (5 mrom/yr).
y au ns ederal mgulauons or public liability pursuant to section 170 Radiation levels on the outside of a tank bcenses noted. Samples were obtained of the Atomic Energy Act of1954, as truck, used to carry the sludge t ffD am e,42 221Ge NRC is t
poln and a application sites, ranged up to 3 pSv/h (0.3 mR/h), well within the range for inDuent, liquid effluent, and sludge. taking appropriate action on the two allowed for transport by the Department Radionuclide concentradons in facility 2.206 Peutions as separate matters.,
efDuents were 2% or less of the limits List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 20 of Transportation.
specified for maximum daily release Case 4-Oak IUdge, Tennessee concentrations in Appendix B Table 1.
Byproduct material Criminal A company in Oak Ridge which Column 2 of the version of 10 CFR part penalties, Licensed material, Nuclear 51ecialir.ed in decontaminating nuclear 20 in effect at that time. Analysis of the materials, Nuclear power plants and power plant materials disposed of a STP samples revealed that reactors, Occupational safety and small amount of radioactive material by c ncentrations of soluble isotopes, such health Packaging and containers, release to the city sanitary sewer system. as mCs and beta +mitters in general, Radiation protection, Reporting and When a new STP was put into operation were on the same order of magnitude for recordkeeping requirements, Special by the city of Oak Ridge, contaminadon liquid influent and effluent, and that nuclear material, Source material, Waste of the sewer lines leading from the c ncentrations in sludge were about treatment and disposal company was discovered. In addition, 10% of those in the liquid samples, in radionuclides were detected in the contrast, for insoluble materials The authority citation for this document is:
Sec.161,58 Stat. 048, as amended (42 U.S.C.
sludge being processed at the sewage (primarily alpha-emitters), the influent 2201):Sec. 201,88 Stat.1242, as amended treatment facility, ne contamination concentrations were about 10 times (42 U.S.C. 5841).
was found at the STP in both its primary higher than those of the liquid efHuent Dated at Rockville, MD, this 18th day of and secondary digesters. His sludge samp es.
February,1994.
had subsequently been applied to Since the publication of the NUREC/
deforested land at a govemment facility, CR-5814, additional incidents For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
resulting in radiation levels of about 0.1 concerning the reconcentration of Samud AA Sv/h (0.01 ruR/h) (2 to 3 times radioactive isotopes in sewerage sludge secretaryof the commission.
background) in the area. Stricter have been identified, and one is (FR Doc. 94-4294 Filed 2-24-94; 8:45 aml radioactive material release guidelines presented below, stumo coot w w 4
I
,0146, Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 38 / Friday, February 25, 1994 / Proposed Rules (vi) To allow inspectors to make Done in Washington DC, this 18th day of Service. 5285 Port Royal Road, unannounced inspectibns of the facility. February,19%
Springfield, VA 22161. A copy is also (d) Approval of an irradiation facility, Patricia Jensen, available for inspection and/or copying, and the comp ance agreement required AC6"g Anwant Suntarpadenng and for a fee, at the NRC Public Document li laspurion Smices Room,2120 L Street, NW. (Lower vIfor on WR Nc. M26 W 02-2W 8A5 aml LEWD. WasMngWnK eff ar, es withdrawn or canceled under paragraph
- o coos es FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr.
(e) of this section. In order to renew approval, irradiation facilities must. on
-- George E. Powers, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research.,U.S. Nuclcar an annual basis, renew the compliance NUCt. EAR REGULATORY Regulatory Commission, Washm, gton.
agreement and undergo reinspection.
COMMISSION DC 20555, telephone (301) 492-3747 (el Approval of an irradiation facility 10 CFR Part 20 MEMENTARY mFORMAM n.ay be denied or withdrawn, and any cc,mpliance agreement entend into RIN 3154-AE90
Background
under this section may be canceled' orally or in wriung, if; Disposal of Radioactive Material by regulates the release of radioactive (1) An inspector determines that a Release into Sanitary Sewer Systems material by licensees into sanitary sewer facility or its owner or operator does not AGENCY Nuclear Regulatory systems under 10 CFR part 20. "Ihe basis meet or has not complied with the Commission
- for the NRC's sewer release requirements was established over 35 requirements of this section:
ACmON: Advance notice of proposed years ago. The NRC and Agreement (2)The operator or a person miemaung.
States have become aware ofinstances responsibly connected whh the business
SUMMARY
- The Nuclear Regulatory where radioactive material has been of the irradiation facility has committed any act involving fraud, bribery.
Commission (NRC)is seeking detected in sewage treatment systems.
information to determine whether an Examination of several of these cases extortion, smuggling, or any other act involving a lack ofintegrity needed for amendment to its regulations governing ed the Commission to modify the,
the release of radionudides from
- l"I'.ements for disposal of radioactive the conduct of operations affecting the licensed nudear facilities to sanitary matenals inm sandary sewen as pan of irrsdiation of FUS, as determined by the Administrator-sewer systems is needed. The potential the revised standards for protection rulemaking would revise the approach against radiation soded to 10 CFR part (f) For the purposes of this section, a to limiting the release of radioactive 20 (56 FR 23360:May 21,1991). In person shall be deemed to be materials into sanitary sewer systems by particular, the Commission removed the mvision Wpt for hse of responsibly connected with the business bcensed nudear facilities based on
[iologically dispersible materials) of the quarantine fadlity if such person current sewer treatment technologies, has an ownership, mortgage, or lease This advance notice of proposed -
which allowed the disposal of interest in the facility's physical plant, rulemaking is being issued to invite dispersible materials into sewers or if such person is a pattner, officer, comments, information, and because it appeared that dispersible, but director, holder or owner of to per recommendations from interested insoluble materials, were generally centum or Inors of its voting stock, or parties on the issues that have been implicated in the sewer sludge an employee in a managerial or identified as candidates for contaminadon :ases. In addition, the execuuve capacity.
consideration as part of this rulemaking. concentrations allowed for Various (4) If the denial, cancellation. or carts: The comment period expires radionuclides released to sewers were wittidrawalis oral, such action and the May 26,1994. Comments received after reduced by a factor of 10, as part of on reasons for the action shall be confirmed this date will be considered ifit is overall reduction in effluent release in writing as promptly as circumstances practical to do so, but the Commission limits. The concentrations listed in allow. Any owner or operator whose is able to assure consideration only for Table 3 of appendix B to 10 CFR part fadlity has been denied approval, comments received on or before this 20 were calculated on the basis of a 5 whose fadlity's approval has been date.
mSv (500 mrem) dose via ingestion of material 41 the discharge point from the withdrawn, or whose compliance Acontssts: Mail comments to: The.
licensee, ne concentrations listed in -
agreement has been canceled, may Secretary of the Commission, U.S.
Table 3 were considered reasonable-appeal the dedston,in writing, within Nudear Regulatory htdon.
sincs it is unlikely that any individual to days after receiving written Washington.DC20555, Attention:
would actually consume water at the notification of the denial, withdrawal, Docketing and Service Branch.
point of discharge.and since dilution.
or cancellation. The appeal must state Deliver comments 10: 11555 Rockville' from additional contributions within the all of the facts and reasons upon which Pike, Rockville. Maryland between 7:45 sanitary sewer would likely reduce -
the person relies to show that the a.m. and 4:15 p.m. Federal workdays.
levels to w'sll below the 1 mSv (100 '
appmval was wrongfully denied or Examine copies of comments received mrem) annual dose limit for members of withdrawn, or that the compliance at: The NRC Public Document Room.
the public. ne provisiona permitting agreement was wrongfully canceled. As 2120 L Street NW. (Lower level),
the release of soluble material and the prornptly as circumstances allow, the Washington, DC.
total quantities of material which could Administrator will grant or deny the Copies of NUREC/CR-5814,which be released in any one year were appeal,in writing, stating the reasons supports this advance notice, may be mtsined in the revision to 10 CFR part for the decision. A hearing will be held purchased from the Superintendent of 20.
to resolve a conflict as to any material Documents, U.S. Covernment Printing These provisions have been efiective fact. Rules of practics concerning the Office, P.O. Box 37082. Washington, DC since June 1991. However, licensees
'i I earing wifl be adopted by the Administrator.
20013-7082. Copies are also available have until January 1,1994, to comply from the National Technical Information with the requirements. In promulgating i
m
Federal Registir / Vol. '59, No. 38 / Friday, Februiry 25, 1994 / Proposed Rules 914; tha revised standards for protection cgainst radadon. the NRC Materiols into Sanitary Sewer Systems." ovsr lacin: ration. As a result, acknowledged that additional NUPEG/CR-5814 includes infQnnation 21,1991, final rule allows readily information was necessary regarding on sewage treatment end disposal dispersible biological material to be practices, and exposure pathways and potential pathways of exposure and scenario analysis, based on car.e studies released but prohibits the selsase of r'adiation' doses that could result from of situations where radioactive non-biologicalinsoluble matarial..
r The hmbiaa rM= that new releases into sanitary newers, contamination has been reported in technologies foraewer tMm*M are 1
particularly in light of new sewerage sewer systems orin sewer treatment currently under development.auch as treatment symems that further sludges..
the emerging mesocos:n-based.
conantrate solids and en used by large The PNLstudy perionued theoretical treatments which use bioprocessors to munidpalities.ne NRCis publishing modeling of most types oflicensee this advanca notim to obtain public radioactive diecharaes, excep' for neutralize sludge.These bloprocessors comment on a number ofissues excreta from ladividuals undergoing can be selected with unique abilities to assodated with the release of medical diagnostic or11.erapeutic selectively remncantrate spedfic heavy l radioactiw material to sewer systems.
administrations of radioadive material, metals and organics. In the.
This information will be used in which are exempt from regulation under consideration of new requireinen evaluating what additional changes to S 20.2003. Modallag scenarios estimated Commission invites comments on to what extent and how the regulations the requirements in to CFR part 20 may the exposure to individuals st the sewer should take into amoun be necessary. His information will also treatment facility and as a result of be used in assessing the impacis of the various uses of sewage sludges resulting tacimologies for processing including technologies such as various opdons that may be available for from treatment. The results of the study bioprocessing Imposing any necessary additional predicted doses of 0.2 to 93 miemlyr Coincident with publication of this requirements, total effective dose equivalent (TEDE),
advanm notice, the Commission has The assurnptions used in the study were E.5**'"
There are approximately 15.000 sewer that all material was released at the part initiated treatment plants (STPs)in the United 20 limit and subsequently typical water treatment precesses, which includes determining how the reconantrated. Thus, the doses solubility of materials in influent to a States and 23.000 specifically licensed calculated npasent an upper bound of treatment plant may be changed in a users cf radioactive materials. It is not possible doses to usmiindividuals.
way that affects the ndential dose to uncommon for severalI censed radioactive materials users to discharge Request for Information and Comment members of the public. One ible radioecdve waste materials into the ne Commission requests comments outcome of :his analysis cou d result in same sewerage system. Sewege and information on a number of issues modified mstrictions regarding the treatment forms of materials suitable for disposal.
(capacity) plants IS17) vary in sizerelated to requirenwnts for disposal of Comments on the potentialimpacts on from less than 1 million radioactive materialinto sanitary gallons per day [gpd) to over 1 billion sewers. His request for comments and licensee's operations associated with gpd. A capacity of 1 million gpd would information is in the context of any additional restrictions regarding the forms of materials suitable for dispersal 4
serve about 5000 people and a few small evaluating the options which may be are solicited.
commercial users. A 1 billion Epd available to the Commission to provide facility would accommodate a additional or alternative means of (2) McNuonay ofMatend population of about 5 million people regulatory control over releases into in the May 21,1991, final rule, the and a substantial industrial base. The sanitary sewers.ne mmments and Commission did not change the total sewage treatment proons the size of the information which will be particularly quantity of radioactivi materials which sewage treatment facility, and the useful are those related to the impacts could be released into sanitary sewers.
amount. as well as the physical and chemical fonn. of the radioactive of various alternatives for each issue, in brief, the limits are 185 CBq (5 Ci) of materials released to the sewer system including impacts on various types of
'll. 37 CBq (1 Ci)of uC and 37 GBq liansees such as biomedical and (1 Ci) of all other radioactive materials can have a significant effect on the fate university researth licensees.
combined to be released into a sanitary of the radioactive materials in the process and the final concentrations of rm offhe Mafed for ESPmal sewer by a heensed nuclear facility in materials in the sewer sludge or ash.
The standards for protection against a year provided the licenwe complies with the other requirements of to CFR A number ofincidents of radioactive radiation in 10 CFR part 20 permit the 20.2003. The use of a total quantity limit material contamination and disposal of materials into the sanitary has been a long. standing requirernent reconcentration have occurred. A sewer if they are soluble or readil description of some of these cases is dispersible biological materials. y and was originally incluJed to address included at the end of this notice. It Formerly, the release of dispersible non-concerns regarding the possibility for should be noted that each of these cases biological material was permitted. At solicits comments regarding the reconcentration. He Commission occurred prior to implementation of the the time of publication of the 19%
acceptability of this approach, and revised part 20 limits for releases of proposed rule (51 FR 1092: January 9, whether a total quantity to be released radioactive material to sewer systems.
1986) for the revised standards for should be specified or otherwise In 1989, the NRC contracted with protection against radiation, the limited. As an alternative, the Battelle, Pacific Northwest laboratories Commission had proposed that only Commission solicits comments on an (PNI.) to study situations where soluble materials be permitted for radioactivity has been reported in sewer disposal into sanitary sewers, The approach which might limit the total systems or sewer treatment sludge. The Commission received significant quandty of each radionuclide, such as results of the PNL study were published comment at that time regarding theintake values or the related exempt snme multiple of the annuallimit of in May 1992 as NUREC/CR-5814, practice of research institutions to use
'Troluution of Exposure Fathways to sewer disposal as the preferred quantities published in 10 CFR part 30.
Manfrom Disposalofliodiooctim alternative for disposal of tissue samples This alternative approach cou the advantage of specifying a total a
~
Federd Regist:r / Vol. 59, No. 38 / Friday, February 25, 1994 / Propossd Rules 9148 quantity limit, concentration and form facets related to this regulatory ash residue, it is believed that the I
requirement based upon the blokinetics approach.
contamination occurred over a period of and health risk for each radionuclide. In First, should the Commission several years. Tests perfonned by the particular, the Cotamission solidts continue an approach oflimitation State of New York in 1984 showed comments on the potendalimpacts on based upon an individual being exposed levels up to 27.75 B(fg (750 pCilg) of lietnsee's operations assodated with by the ingestion of water from the sewer 8* tam in ash taken trort a sludge further teetrictions on the total quantity outfall? Alternatively, should the incinerator. Levels of 5.92 Bq/g (160 of radiondive material which could be Commission consider other locations, pCilg) were detected in landfill samples.
aleased during a year.
such as at a treatment facihty,in The levels in the sludge at the time of
%; th=hdon also invites determining the level of protection to be the investigation were up to 3.7 Bq/g comments on whether the total quantity providedf If so, what modeling
{ too pC1/g). Following the termination of radionuclides that may be released to assumptions would be appropriate?
of licensed activities in 1983, these c sanitary sewer by a limnsed nuclear Further, how would bse types of levels decreased to less than.037 Bq/g facility should take into consideration approaches deal with exposure (1 pCl/g) by 1986. Bioassays of STP ths cepecity and treatment methods scenarios such as contamination in workers and landfill workers detected used by the water tmatment plant that sewage sludges, as has been the case in no radioactivity over background levels sarves the hcensee, and whether centamination incidents?
In their lungs or bones.
consideration should be given to the fact Second, should the Commission Cose 2-Crand Island, New York th+1 many licensed facihties may consider limitation using a dose limit Because of the ** tam contamination dizharge into the same sewer tnatment approach, and provide total quantity at the Tonawanda STP, the New York lant. In this regard, the Commission is and concentradon values in a fnterested la comments on the Regulatory Culde to facilitate Department of lioalth also collected practicality of these approaches.
compliance with the dose umitt sludge samples in 1984 at the Grand Island STP,which received efDuent
%NRC has also received a petide (4) Exemption of Podent Excreto from another manufacturer Mt No heest lo Regi r District The present requirements exclude Produced devices that used sH. stoPo.
from sewer release Hmits b and sitAm. This manufacturing facility concerning b disposal of radioactive contribution of tient exceta which discharged about 0.925 MBq/yr (25mC1/
m terialinto sanitary sewerage (PRM-t th G dIlan STP for re o
edicin gn s or n
te ti n wa published in the F eral Register on treatment. In general, the radioactive Grand Island STP uses tertiary treatment materials used in these of prior to discharging efDuent, with a October 20 " 43 (5a FR 540711. ne petitione, aquests that the NRC amend procedures have short
-lives and sludge production averaging 450 ton /yr.
Its reguladons to require that all decay rapidly after their production, use Tertiary treatment removes material from the e!Duent bt has not been licensees provide at leart 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> and subsequent release into the sanitary sewer. nus, doses to individuals from removed through primary and advance notice to the a riats sewage treatment plant be ore releasing this source are expected to be far below semmiary treatmeat. Tertiary treatment the NRC's dose limit for members of the rnay include the use of microscreens.
ndloactive material to 6 sanitary Ib ti also ublic. The Commission currendy fihndon thrmgh specific media such as requ the NRC xemp materials lieves that the present regulation is Pred n and a
ter the a waste stnam radion clides medicine efDuent.no sludge is digested and requ men regarding han been detected in very low pressed to increase the solida content to Commisaico approval for incineration d it i beeq ' tl about 20%[
co tra n on at treatment under b NRC's current regulations.
b E
m Comments on the issues raised in this concentration in the dry sludge was petition will be considered in any invites comments regarding the g
possible re ision to NRC regulations.
- PPropriateness of continuing the when first studied. At the *3uest of the exemption for patient excreta.
New Y rk State Department of Labor, The preliminar d in (3) Type offladts thia notice may cbviews eage in 11 tf the manufactureneduced the *** Am concentration in its liquid discharges The present method of hmiting comments received. In any case, there aAer the contamination was identified.
releases into sanitary sewers is to spedfy annualintal quantity and will be an op ty later for By adding filtration to the licensee's concentration values of radioective additional p - lic comment in holdhM mens of 2%
materials, Table 3, Appendix B, of connection with any p posed rule that in sludge were decreased to about 1,48 e nmmiulon.
ravised 10 CFR part 20 lists the may be developed by e
Bq/g (40 pC1/g). Using information cacentratinas of radioactive materials Case Studies provided by the State of New York, 4
calculatione of b annual averege -
which can be disposed ofla sanitary Cose f-Tonowanda, New York concentration of ***Am in the wet i
sewers and is based upon a calculated dose of 5 mSv/yr (500 mrem /yr) via A manufacturer of smois detectors.
sludge were based on b assumption 4
ingestion of the e!Duant as the total which used Americium 241 (setAm) L that all ** tam entering the plant was water intakiof the individual (2 liters /
foils, operated in ths 1970s and early concentrated in the sludge. Wipe day) at the point of release. Rese hmits 19tios in Tonawanda, New York.When samples taken within the S"I? d2d not are based upon a model of exposure b facility was being d-mMoned detect *** Am above levels allowed for I
which assumes that an individual could in 1983,3*i Am contamination of the unrestricted use (20 dpm/100cm3 t
sewer haes leadin8 rom the fadlity was removable alpha contamination and 100 f
be present at the sewer outfall of the lle:nsee, and that the exposure pathway detected. Similar contamination was dpm/100cma total removable and fixed is the ingestion of water. The subsequently detected in the STP alpha contamination). Some of the Commission invites comments on two sewage sludge and incinerated sludge workers used dried sludge as a soil u
)
O e
e.
t Federd Regist:r / Vol. 59,'No: 3B / Fridzy, Febru*.ry 25, 1994 / Proposed Rules 9149 supplement in their home gardens, and were set by Tennessee's Division of Case 6-Ceveland, Ohio one garden showed measurabie amounts Radiological liealth, to limit the amount of 2 nam. Based on the sampling data, of radioactive material released to the During an aerial monitoring survey of it was concluded that there did not sewer system. Additionally, the licensee an NRC licensee in the Cleveland appear to be a radiation hazard to the,
was allowed to release only soluble metropolitan area, aoCo contamination STP employees or landfill employees material, because it was suspeded that.
was identified in a STP that is put of and that no specific safety moesures had been insoluble. previously released the Northeast Ohio Regional Sew some of the material f,. beyond those normally taken by Distrid(NEORSD) and services a large
. employees would be requiral of these wy ga pordon of Cuyahoga County,Tk source I*
of Tennessee to evaluate the risk to the f the radiondivity may have originated I ' Case 3-Boyersford, Pennsylania general pubhc from the radionuclides from a sealed smos manufactmer 3
A commerciallaundry for released into the sanitary sewer systems which had previously discharged to the radioactively contaminated prutective at Oak Ridge and Erwin. Tennessee. The $17. Analysis of treated sewenge clothing discharged approximately
' study estimated that there were four slud ges samples revealed soCo 15,000 gallons of wastewater per day to radionuclides of concern in the sludge, concentration averages fmm j
the local sanitary sewer system. %e of which urcs wa4 the primary 8PProximately 2.96 to 14.8 Bq/g (80 to I
wastewater from the laundry was contaminant, with losser quantities of 400 pC1/g).The STP is currently I
temporarily stored, treated to adjust the Wo, mCs and aMn. !t was determined proceeding to remediate the site. In pli, and analyzed for gross alpha and that the primary risk would be through October 1993, the NRC has received two gross beta activity before the contents consumption of vegetables grown in a Requests for Modification of a 1.icense were released to the sanitary sewer garden fertilized with sludge imm the under 10 CFR 2.206 from NDORSD. The 4
system. Inspections by the NRC (n late STP at an estimated dose rate of first 2.206 Petition, notice of receipt 1985 revealed no violations by the approximately 60 pSv/yr (6 miem/yr).
published in the Federal Register on limnsee. Subsequently, an inspection of April 13,1993 (58 FR 19282), requested h M' DC the Royersford STP reyealed radiation modification to a license to require the levels up to 12 pSv/h (1.2 mR/h) above The Blue Plains Wastewater licensee (1) to assume all costs resulting background at the secondary digester.
Treatment Plant proo sses waste from from the off. site relaase of cobalt 60 that Because of these elevated levels, the the metropolitan Washington area, had been deposited at a District NRC evaluated the impacts of the including a number of Federal research treatment pl. ant, and (2) to radionuclides released to the sanitary
- A&MK, [e ridased'directly to thefacilities '
hat use a reintig'bouieIquid vbmed decontaminate the sewer line newer system by the laundry fadlity.
gr &
connecting the licensee's fadlity and h evaluation encompassed nM1 3gygg,1 the District's treatment plant. The 8 I sanitary sewer system, while others are second 2.200 Petition, nodce of receipt pa f u e p a retained in tem rary holding tanks to published in the Federal Register on agncultural areas as well. ne results-it decay o short. lived isotopes De mber 6,1993; $8 FR 64341, indicated that the highest potential fM* ** *** In8Pecdons ohwo requested modification to a license to doses would be received b farmers working the fields where tfe sludge badresearch fadlities and the m were require thst the licensee provide been applied. Ilowever, potential doses c nducted in early 1986, with no adequate finandal assurance to cover were less than 50 pSv/yr (5 mrem /yr).
vi ladons of Merabguladons or public liability pursuant to section 170 Radiation levels on the outside of a tank licenses n ted. Samples were obtained of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as truck, used in carry the sludge to at both facilities imm holding tanks and amended, 42 U.S.C. 2210.h NRC is application sites, ranged up to 3 Sv/h taking appropriate action on the two D
a (0.3 mR/h), well within the range Radionuclide concentistions in fadlity 2m Mons as separate maners.
he Spartment e(Duents were 2% or less of the limits' 1.ist of Sub}ects in to CFR Part 20 g g.
rt specified for maximum daily release Case 4---Oak Ridge, Tennessee concentrations in Appendix B. Table I, Byproduct material, Criminal A company in Oak Ridge which Colum 2 of the version of to CFR part penaldes, l.imnsed material, Nuclear specialized in decontaminating nuclear 20 in effect at that time. Analysis of the materials, Nuclear power plants and I
power plant materials disposed of a STP samples revealed that reactors, Occupadonal safety and small amount of radioactive material by concentrations of soluble isotopes, such health. Packaging and containers, i
release to the city sanitary sewer system. as **7Cs and beta-emitters in general, Radiation protection Raporting and 1
When a new STP was put into operation were on the same order of magnitude for recordkeeping requirements, Special by the city of Oak Ridge, contamination 11guld influent and efDuent, and that nuclear material, Source material Waste of the sewer lines leading from the c ncentrations in aludge wers about treatment and disposal.
company was discovered. In addition, 10% of those in the liquid samples. In radionuclides were detected in the contrast, for insoluble materials The authority citation for this document is:
i Sec.161, S8 Stat. 948, as amended (42 U.SO sludge being procew.ed at the sewage (Primarily alphammitters), the influent 2201); Sec. 201, as Stat.1242, as amended treatment facility. De contamination mncentrations were about 10 times (42 U.S C. 5841) was found at the STP in both its primary higher than those of the liquid efDuent Da b P WDM@
and secondary digesters. nis sludge samp es.
Fe ruary,19u.
had subsequently been applied to Since the ublication of the NUREG/
deforested land at a govemment fadlity, CR-5814, a ditional inddents For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission resulting in radiation levels of about 0.1 concerning the reconcentration of S**"*I I N pSv/h (0.01 mR/h)(2 to 3 times radioactive isotopes in sewerage sludge Secretary of the cumnission.
badground) in the area. Stricter have been identifind, and one is IFR Doc.94-42N Filed 2-24-04; e45 aml radioacuve material release guidelines presentt<1 below.
n u mo coor nei.e w