ML20006B396
| ML20006B396 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 01/19/1990 |
| From: | Carr K NRC COMMISSION (OCM) |
| To: | Udall M HOUSE OF REP., INTERIOR & INSULAR AFFAIRS |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20006B397 | List: |
| References | |
| CCS, NUDOCS 9002020038 | |
| Download: ML20006B396 (45) | |
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UNITED STATES O
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION g
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January 19, 1990 i
j CHAIRMAN The Honorable Morris K. Udall, Chairman Committee on Interf or and Insular Affairs United States House of Representatives Washington, DC 20515
Dear Mr. Chairman:
1 e
I am responding to your letter dated October 31, 1989 in which baste fsrelated tothetreatmentar$ddisposal m
matter are provided n Enclo eNstoyourquestionsonthis n
The mixed waste issue is one of many interface issues between the Nuclear Regulatory (Commission (NRC) and the Environmental Protection Agency EPA).
The Commission has initiated discussions with EPA at the highest levels in an attempt to resolvo these issues, especially those associated with dual regulaticn of NRC-licensed activities.
In general, the Commission considers dual regulation to be unnecessarily burdensome and wasteful.
At present, a prudent course of action would be for both NRC and EPA to continue to work together to eliminate dual regulation where l
the Commission's current regulatory framework already ensures adequate protection of public health and safety and the environment.
Assessment's (OTA's) report on low-level radioactive wa l
including OTA's recommendation on the establishment of an EPA-NRC task force to address the problems associated with mixed the Commission believes that some measure of progress ha waste.
achieved to date on the mixed waste issue.
We nevertheless endorse the OTA-recommended high-level EPA-NRC task force as the mixed waste, but on all such issues for which our agenciesm have dual or overlapping regulatory authority.
discussed with Administrator Reilly the establishment of such aI had previously joint EPA-NRC task force merits of such an approac,h.and we are presently evaluating the ggg2oggg3j,9ggp?
FULL TEXT ASCll SCAN f
a CORRESPONDENCE PDC L
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r o-In the interim, the NRC staff is continuing to work with the EP staff in an effort to resolve issues in specific program areas.A l
With regard to mixed waste, NRC and EPA staffs have been working closely for the past several years, resulting in the publication' of several joint guidance documents.(enclosed documents, on which EPA and NRC staffs are now).
Several other working, should clarify the regulatory framework for mixed waste on remaining 4
issues, thus aiding the development of suitable treatment and
)
disposal technologies.
document shortly I understand that EPA plans to issue a of your concerns.that should provide information relevant to many This document is intended to give mixed waste
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handlers a basic understanding of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements.and Land Disposal Restrictions l
(LDRs) and to describe how the LDRs may affect storage and disposal of mixec wastes.
1 is conducting a series of national workshops for State, NRC, andIn EPA, with NRC assistance, I
EPA inspectors.
The workshops are intended to familiarize these mixed wastes. persons with mixed waste issues and to improve the regulation of i
l There is one issue in particular -- whether there are incon-sistencies in the specific requirements of RCRA and the Atomic I
I Energy Act (AEA) for mixed waste facilities -- that OTA has raised in its report and that we think deserves special mention here.
we indicate in the attached answers to your specific questions, As our staff has not yet identified any literal conflicts in the with the joint approach established by EPA and NRC. requirem Commission would note that However the section 1006 of RCRA does give us,the authority to waive the application of specific requirements of RCRA upon a finding by the Commission that such requirements are inconsistent with the requirements established by the Commission i
1 under the AEA.
Should such a situation arise, this provision that situation. appears to provide the Commission sufficient authority to resolve it is our hope that the joint approach to the mixed waste issue that we and EPA have established will. lead to the successful i
development and operation of mixed waste disposal facilities as the States move forward to carry out their responsibilities under the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (LLRWPAA).
We are committed to making this approach work.
the joint approach proves to be unsuccessful, however, it may If well be that further legislative consideration of this matter will be necessary to achieve the objectives of the LLRWPAA.
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i i t The Commission would also emphasize that if the joint approach is to succeed, development proces; thatit is important at this critical juncture in the site the Federal Government remains staple so that the States andthe rel compacts can move forward with their' site development efforts.
Any significant shif t at this stage in the regulatory or legislative framework that has been established pursuant to the AEA or RCRA will almost certainly disrupt progress of the States and compacts in the development of new low-level waste i
disposal sites and thereby jeopardize their ability to meet the 1993 milestone for having new sites in operation.
the Commission would urge the Congress, particularly as itAccordingly, embarks upon reauthorization of RCRA, to be sensitive to the special needs in this area.
We appreciate your interest in these issues, which the NRC has been attempting to resolve through administrative actions during s
the last five years.
The current focus of both agencies on the complexities and burdens of dual regulation promises to accelerate this process.
Our objective throughout this process has been and will continue to be pursuing protection of human health and the environment at a minimum cost to society.
We share your concern about the present mixed waste diltmma and are doing all we can within NRC's authority to resolve it expeditiously.
Sincerely,
's 0w
,M Kenneth M. Carr
Enclosures:
1.
Questions / Responses 2.
Guidance on the Definition of Identification of LLMW 3.
NRC-EPA Siting Guidelines for Disposal of LLMW 4
Joint NRC-EPA Guidance on a Conceptual Design The Honorable Don Young cc:
The Honorable William K. Reilly, EPA
.c e
i 4
QUESTIONS /pESPONSES
_0ues tion:
Can generators safely store mixed wastes on site until disposal treatment facilities become available?
Response
Yes.
Storage of mixed wastes on site for a reasonable period until treatment or disposal facilities become available should not be a radiological safety problem.
NRC licensees must meet all appropriate NRC regulatory requirements for storage of such These requirements are adequate to protect public wastes.
health and safety.
Under these requirements, a licensee may safely store low-level wastes for up to five years absent an amendment to the appropriate license.
This 5-year limit reflects a long-standing NRC position that encourages timely disposal of waste rather than extended storage to avoid excessive accumulation of waste and potential degradation of storage containers prior to treatment or disposal.
Question:
What is the Commission now doing to facilitate development of disposal end treatment alternatives?
Response
Although primary responsibility for the development of treat-ment and disposal technologies rests with the nuclear industry and the Department of Energy (DOE), NRC is currently conducting several activities that should facilitate development by clarifying the regulatory framework for mixed waste management.
NRC and EPA are jointly developing guidance documents on waste characterization, inspection,' and storage of mixed waste.
The waste characterization guidance will andress occupational i
exposures during testing.
The inspection guidance will provide j
NRC Regional Agreement State. EPA Regional,~ and Authorized State inspectors with background information on mixed waste licensing and permitting, inspection planning and coordination, cross-training, and conduct of mixed waste inspections.
The storage guidance will combine the NRC radioactive waste storage recomendations with EPA storage requirements.
In addition, NRC is providing assistance to EPA in the permit writers' workshop on mixed waste regulation.
Question:
Can the Comission increase its commitment to these efforts within existing appropriations?
l
Response
No.
However, the Comission considers NRC's current effort to be adequate and appropriate.
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Ouestion:
What progress has the DOE made in developing treatment t
technologies for defense mixed waste that may be applied to civilian mixed waste?
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Response
NRC's knowledge of DOE progress in developing treatment technology for defense mixed wastes is limited. However, the NRC is aware of the developmental work being conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory on a controlled-air incinerator.
DOE believes that incineration of radioactively contaminated wastes can significantly reduce the volume of the waste and estimates volume reduction from this method to be in excess of 100 to 1.
4 At the Hanford site, DOE is constructing grouted waste disposal vaults for the low-level radioactive wastes contained in the double-shelled tanks.
with RCRA requirements for a mixed waste disposal unit.
The technologies applied in both of these DOE defense activities potentially could be applied to civilian mixed waste.
Question:
How long will it take the NRC and EPA to resolve the remaining regulatory conflicts and inconsistencies that may hamper development of mixed waste disposal facilities?-
Response
We do not know.
The amount of time necessary for both agencies to resolve regulatory issues that hamper development of new facilities is uncertain. We have not identified any literal conflicts or inconsistencies between NRC's and EPA's regulations for mixed waste. However, the differences between the regulations, the perception that they may be inconsistent, and the associated economic and political uncertainties have thwarted progress in developing new disposal and treatment facilities for such waste.
The volume of mixed waste that will be generated in most States or Compacts is relatively small, and industry is reluctant to invest in treatment and disposal facility development with high economic risk and a burdensome dual regulatory scheme.
The same political pressures that make States and Compacts unwilling to accept low-level waste from-outside sources also make these parties unwilling to accept other States' mixed wastes, further complicating the development of mixed waste treatment and disposal facilities. Therefore, we expect that management of mixed wastes will continue to be a troublesome and time-consuming problem for waste generators, site developers, and regulatory agencies.
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O ENCLOSURE 2 I
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07.'.IR GOL;Ci CaiZ.'.1 y
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S4:e2 00-2 TO ALL NRC L'CENSEE!:
SUBJECT:
1 GUIDANCE ON THE DEFINITION AND IDE LOW LEVEL RADICACTIVE AND HAZAP i
OUESTIONS Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Protection Agency (EPA) has jurisdiction over the disposal of, the the exception of source, byprocuct, an6 snecial nuclear mate i lso regulated by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) u r a, which are Energy Act (AEA).
e Atomic byprocuct, or special nuclear materials, but the constituents which are hazareous under EPA regulations in 4 j
n chemical Such wastes are conenonly referred to as Mixed low-Level Rad 1
Hazardous Waste (Mixed LLW).
c ve and j
NRC regulations exist to control the byproduct, source material components of the Mixed LLW1 EPA has the authority and
, and special nuclear to develop regulations to control the hazardous component of th entinues Thus, all of the individual constituents of Mixed LLW are subj e Mixed LLW.
NRC or EPA regulations.
ect to either Mixed LLW, neither agency has exclusive jurisdic law.
This had led to a situation of dual regulation where both ag ent Federal NRC and EPA. regulate the same waste.
The enclosed document, " Guidance en the Definition and Identifi Commercial Mixed Low-level Radicactive and Haza cation of jointly by the NRC and EPA to aid commercial LLW generators in e oped whether they are currently generattne Mixed LLW.
ssing and EPA regulations in effect er. December 1,1986. This guidance is bas In addition to the
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cefinition and the mothecology for identifying Mixte encorse, the staff has prepared answrs to anticipated cuest generators =nien are also inclucee.
4 Sincerely.
7ET John G. Dav%
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is. Director Office of Nuclear Materia Safety and Safeguares U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission i
h{J. Winston Porter
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Assistant Aasinistrator Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Enclosures:
As Statec 1
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1 CT.'!3 PCLICY O!RECT
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GUICANCE CN THE DEFINITION AND IDEN j
OF COMMERCIA'l MIXED LCW-LEVEL RA 4
(87/01/05)
)
De finitien Mixed LDw-level Radioactive and cefined as wasti Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amenoments Act of 1985 in the Low-i hazarocus waste that either 40 CFR Part 261 or (2) causes(1) is listed as a hazarceu(s w LLRWPAA) and contains :
the LLW to exhibit any of the hazareous waste characteristics identifieo in Suecart C of 40 CFR Pari identiffeation The policy provided in this guicance is developed for t
the U.S. Nuclear Re Protection Agency (gulatory Commt ssion (NRC) and the U.S. Environ ointly b.'
EPA).
Resource Conservatton and Recovery Act (RCRA) is Mix Federal law, such waste is subject to regulation by NRC und Under current Act (AEA), as amenced, and by EPA under the AEA and RCRA e Atomic Energ:
must be conducted in compliance with NRC
, as amended..In the regulations.
se ate of commercial LLW to identify Mixes LLW.This guida y generators currently generating Mixed LLW.should identify Mixed L application of the methodology does not affect the nee applicable NRC and EPA regulations.
waste are currently changing, generators should use a that are in effect at the time of implementation of the meth d l u
ons guidance has been ' prepared based on NRC and EPA re o o ogy.
This December 1,1984.
complexities of the definition of Mixed LLW. Applica reveal the.
agencies by writing to the eers~ons listed-below. que
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l For :yestiens-about whether the For cuestions 4Dout wnethe welte is Icw-level racioactive waste, ::ntact:
waste is hazarcous waste, contact:
Dr. Sher Sahaeur Otytsten of waste Management Mr. Alan Corson Mail Stop 623-53 Deputy Director U. $. Nuclear Regulatory Commtssion Characterization and Washington, DC 20555 Assessment Division Mail Cose WM-5625 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, $.W.
j Washington, DC 20460
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Methocology
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Sten 1. Identify LLW
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waste is LW as defined in the LLRWPAA. T whether the material that (A) is not high-level radioactive waste i
as radtoactive byproduct material as defined in section 11e.(2) of the AE
, spent nuclear fuel, or thorium mill tailings) and B 1
existing law and in accorcan(ce) with (A,the NRC classifies as LW waste is LW, the generator should. proc)eed to step 2if the genera the waste may be another radioactive or hazars RCRA, or both statutes.
- However, regulatee under AEA, Sten 2. Identify listed HaraGus Waste wastes Itsted in Subpart 0 of 40 CM Part 261In st zardous reproduced in Appendiu ! of this guidance.
Subpart 0 of Part 261 ts heatrdous wastes include hatardous waste s art 261.
Listed chemical products listed in 40 CR Part 261.33. sour for desemining whether LLW contains listed hazardous wastThe j
determination should be bases on knowle es.
The waste.
generates the 1
that are specifically listed in the tables of Subpart 0 o vents generator should suspect that the waste is Mixed LW.of Part 261, the i
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k 15tep I. Is afie Weste ll.If7 Ils I
it is not Mixed IlW but il may be 18erardous Waste or another h dioacteve h ste.
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Ar. t isted hierdnes blesles Siep 3.
fle IIne-MA hIerlaIs casese 69tained in ik LtIf?
h the toeste se enhibit any of the IIarardous leaste CIlaracteristics?
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The esasee is Mined itW.
f The hsse is not seized sap.
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Figure 1.
Identification ei Nimed tiW.
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i 0$Mi POLICY Dl?
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q Steo 3. IdentJfy derare:vs Characteristics I
reovires the generator t.o cetermine whet
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emethocoli l
that cause the LLW to exhibit any of the hazarcous was nshatareouswaste!
icentifies in Swtoart C of 40 CFR Part 261. te characteristtes I
hazareous waste enaractertsttes ceca i
i materials other than source, special nuclear, and byproouct mn e
the generator's knowleege of sne materials or processe aterials baseo !
LLW or (2) testtag of the LLW in accoreance with the me Subpart C of Part 261.
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E entified in which are cefines as sour:xcent. for certain ores containing source ma e material in 10 CFR 40.4(h), and uranium and st11 tatlings or wastes. NRC and EPA tnterpret the defin 3
special nuclear, ano cycrcouct materials to include only 4
elements themselves.
source.
1 sne LLW ey examining the process that generates t ve i
process mixes byoroeuct material (an AEA material) with a For example of the LLW that contain the solvent was volatile organ,icif t; samples i any of the characteristics because it contains the solvent i
selects testing as the basis for the determination, testi exhibits if there is reason to suspect that the waste contains non A 3
e perform' may cause the LLW to exnttit the characteristics in Subpart C materials that i
Under these circumstances, the generato est representati characteristics identtftee in Subpart C because it cont materials.
reactivity (5261.23),These charactertsttes include i (5261.22),
(1261.24).
and Extraction Procedur
, corrosivity ;
wtth the worker protection reevirements in 10 C characteristics tests. is to identify hazardous wastes s stent listed in Subpart 0 of 40 CR Part 261.
The purpose of tt ;
should then be tested using the referenced c
ca11 The samples Standard D-93-79 or 0-93-80 for the Pensky-Martens Clo Test). EPA's testing reoutrements are reproduced in App Ignitability-u guidance.
It should be noted that on June modification to the EP Textetty testing requirements to includ 13, 1984, EPA proposed a constituents.
organte i
LLW to exhibit any of the nazareous waste c cause the I
LLW and must, therefore. :e manages and disposed of in co the weste is Mixed RCRA regulations in 40 CFR Parts 124 and 260 through 270 ce with EPA's regulations in 10 CFR Parts 20, 30. 40, 61. and 70.
, and NRC's with EPA-authoritte regulatory programs for th rements in states waste and NRC agreement state ractation control programs fs compo or LLW.
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O!WER POLICY DIRECT u e 9
0 0 = 'l Questjons and Answers As a suoplement to the Guidance on the Definition l
Commercial Mixed Low-level Radioactive and H L
answers to. anticipated cuestions are included to clarify co(
Minec t,LW),
e ano to stimulate additional questions from potential Mix' n LL s re points e
1.
Are my low-level radioactive wastes exempt from RCRA b generators.
source, special nuclear, or byproduct materials as definen u ecause they are material in 10 CFR 40.4(h) -and' uranium a which a er the AEA?
5 recefinedas' source!
NRC and EPA consider.-that only the radjonuclides them Section 1004(27) tailings'or I
RCRA.
material from sne definition of " solid waste."of RCRA e t from RCRA defines solid waste as treatment plant, or air pollution control faci t
plant, water supply I
material, including solid, liquid. semisolid y and other discarded operations, or from community activities, yb
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, or contained gaseous t
, and-agricultural' dissolved materials in irrigation return flows 28.1 not i_nclude-solid 4
d which are point sourcesi subMet :to permits inder sec ior ind Federal Water Pollution Control Act. as amen t on'402 of the j
special nuclear at. 880), or source, of1954,asamen,ced(685 tat.923)."[emphasisaad i
i Since " hazardous waste" is a subset of " solid w
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source, special nuclear, and by also excludes hazarcous waste and, therefore, product materials.from the definition of
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Section 11 of the Atomic = Energy Act. as amended program.
i ractoactive materials as follows:
, defines these
' determined by the~ Atomic Energy' Com provisions of section r material which.is nt to the containing-one or more61 of the AEA to be as the AEC may by regulation determine from time to time Special nuclear material means (1) plutonium, uranium isotope 233 or in tne isotope 235, and any other mate i l e
n the.
pursuant to the provisions of Section 51 of the AEA d ra which the AEC,
.of; the foregoing, but does not include sourc etermines to es c ed by any Byproduct material -means (1) any rac:cactive material nuclear material) yielceo in-Or mace radioactive by e (except s incident to; the process of procucing or utilizing special n xposure to ractation-
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q materiab anc (2.) the tailings or wastes procucac'by th i
concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore p ction.or its source material content, r
$ource, special. nuclear, and byprocuct materials, however other raateactive or non-radioactive materia'ls t
,. may be mixed witt nuclear or Dyproduct materials._
, special-toluene,, 4 nonnalogenateo aromatic solvent.For example, tritium m byproduct material, the tritium may be considered a byprodCo the toluene' that contains the tritium would not be bypr d uct ma
.Mirtures of toluene and tritium could satisfy the defi o uct material.
may qualify as LLW'if it nas been produc
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t'itium thatl n
r the AEA.
u ated by NRC un 3
2.
What are some examples of Mixec LLW7 A preliminary survey performed for the' NRC identified tw\\
Mixed LLW:
otential types of
- LLW containing organic liquids, such~as scintillation li vials; organic lat liquids quids:and degressing, and miscellaneo;us solvents. sludges;-and cl
ng, g
chromium;. and mercury amalgam in trash.c)
The preliminary survey concluded that potential.' Mixed L percentage of all LLW.
for approximately 2.35 by volume of LLW reported ses a small-(Bowerman, et, g],,.1985).
m nary survey An earlier survey identified a more diverse universe of potenti includin alkanes,g wastes that contained aldehydes, aliphatic' ha aliMixed LLW alkenes, amino acids, aromatic hydrocarbons, chelat ethers, ketones, nitrosamines, nucleotides, pesticides - ph i
purines, resins, steroids, and vitamins (General Resear,ch Co
- unds, j
NRC also anticipates that additional LLW may be identified on,1980).j future, as generators implement-tne definition of Mixed LLW af~ Mixed LLW in thri the definition of hazarcous waste. -
as EPA revise:i l
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- ould some "telow regulatory concern" wastes ce consid l
A catermination tnat-racteactive wastes are colow regulatory co radioactivity may affect how the wastes are managed or discarded cern (BRC) f:d not affect the legal status of the wastes.
, but it c:es respect to the cefinitten of Mixed LLW coes not cnangeSpecifically, t NRC's jurisct:tt:nal autnerity under.tne AEA.because witnin tne When radioactive waste contains sufficiently low concentrations of radionuclides NRC may fina' that they do not need to' b or quantities of as radioactive wastes _
F disposal of the waste must not cosa an undue ractologica sposec anc the environment.
However, NRC's-eatermination that the radioactivthe pu compliance with acclicaole rules of other a e conten s from-hazards (e.g., regulations of EPA or the Department of T ransportation). gical o
Therefore hazarcous, wastes that nave been listed in Subpa cause the LLW to exhibit any of the hazardous characteristi 1
Subpart C of 40 CFA Part 261.
art 261 or that.
its radioactivity (but it must still be managed-as' a haza n
compliance with EPA's regulations for hazardous waste generat n
transportation, treatment, and_ disposal (cf. 40 CFR Parts 262 through 26
, storage, 4
constituents, should I assume that my LLW is' M
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us No.
Low-level radioactive waste that contains haz necessarily be Mixed LLW.
As defined above, Mixed LLW is LLW that conta ay.not i
known hazardous wasta more of. the hazareous c(haracteristics be i.e., a listed hazardous waste):or that exhibits one q
For wastes that are 'not 11sted in Subpart 0 of 40 CFR Part 26 i
materials.-
necessarily required to " determine" whether the LLW exhibits an
,_ testing is not hazardous characteristics.
LLW is Mixed LLW based on knowledge of the waste ch e
that ganerates the LLW.
r the process Furthermore, if the generator normally segregates LLW from ha types of wastes, there is no need to assume that hazard ous and other in&dvertently mixed with_ LLW or to inspect each container oous wa ensure that inadvertent mtxing has mot occurred.
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- r. receptacle to subject to RCRA inspections and must Although the generator is demonstrate that every ~LLW container coes r ous waste.
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wnat snould generators co in the i'nterim before LLW is estaolisnec?
ssue, and-atory program for Mixec An incentive exists for generator',.to minimize the generati becatise Mixec LLW must currently be managed and disposeo of on of. Mixed LLW.
the regulatory controls of both EPA and NRC.
n:comoliance witd complicate management ano disposal of the waste.These dual regul'atory contr working together to develop guidance for generators and disposa on the management, treatment, ano disposal site operator l i
generators are encourageo to minimize the g.of Mixed LLW.
In the interim, management practices _ sucn as waste segregation and materia Generators and waste nanclers are also encouraged to con
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o tecnniques to recuce tne amount and ha,zards of Mixed LLW land disposal.
Kempf n gl requiring licensee ment
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practices and potential man,ag(ement options for Mixed L site coerators must develop and opera Current disposal cew L w > should recognize that'all of these activities must be n
r +gh..m with applicable NRC requirements in :10 CFR Parts 20 y
performed in i
a r.3 270, u applicable State requirements..id applicable EPA
, 30, 40, 50,L61 6.
with the AEA regulations?What should I do if I believe that the R nconsistent Section 1006 of RCRA states that, "Nothing in this Act shall apply to (or to authorize any state, interstate, or-loca1' au e construed to.
any activity or substance which is subject to... the Atomi 1954 (42 U. S. C. 2011 and following) except to the extent t regulat}
application (or regulation) is not inconsiste ct of J
uch
[Act)."
of such 2
they are found to be inconsistent with the AEA requiremen includes situations where sattsfying both sets-of regulatio s when. i ts.
" Inconsistent" regulations infeasible,)or-would violate national security intere would increase the radiation hazard, would be techni i
and AEA:
RCRA requirements may be granted to generators. transporter that treat, store, or dispose of Mixed LLW..
, and facilities believe that apolication of one or more of thes inconsistent with the AEA.
n s when they inconsistency with NRC prior to peetaring the petitionNRC lice will ensure that the licensees' interpretations of the AEA NRC's-review are correct and that the reasons for the variance petition are tecnn requirements sounc.
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7, How can I.cbtain reeresen LLW to :er3:rm the na'zaec:us :tatue samoles of noterogeneous trash incluc naracter.isttes tests?-
Before ciscussing the collection of representative samples are reminced.tnat they are not reevired to test all LLW to de waste, generato waste contains nazarcous wastes snat cause the LLW m ne i f the waste enaracteri stics.
Suen comerenensive testing ofto exnibit=the hazarcous-violate the princtole of keeping radiological exposureall u.W 4,ould acatevaole.
wnetner the LLW exhibits any of the nazarcous wast cannot make the ceterminatier. cassa en sneir-knowledge n ng generates the LLW.
characteristics if they cess.that with EPA's regulations in 40Recrosentative samples of waste or testing;in accordance collected using.acolicaole me.CFR Part 261.20(c).. which < state tnocs specified in Appendix I of Part-261 will b considered as representative samples for nazardous charact This appendix has been incluced in its entirety in App e
guidance.
cs testing.
extremely viscous liquids, fly ash-like maThe sampling te endix-II of this and liquid wastes in pits, ponds, lagoons,terial,E containerized-liquid w apply t absence of guidance about sampling heterogeneous' waste and similar reservoirs. -In'the appropriate portions of the sampling methods' described'in-261 in comoination with other motheos to collect erators should use x I-of Part practicable, representative samples of the waste to be t, to the maxi ested.
References-Bowerman, 8. S.
Kampf,. C. R., MacKenzie, D. R Piciulo, 1985', "An Analysis of Low-Level Wastest R., Siskind, 8 Waste Regulations and Identification of'Radtosctive Mixed eview of Hazardous -
NUREG/CR-4406, U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Cometsaion; astes,"
General-Research Corporatton,1980, " Study ~ of Chem U._ S.- Nuclear Regulatory Commis i x c ty of low-Level s on.
Kampf, C.
R., MacKenzie; 0. R., and 8. S. Bowerman U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Radioactive M
/CR-4450 i
F-t l
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l l
Appendix i i
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i d
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i Sebpen D=4300s of NeseMese Wesses 8totJe. OsasseL (t) A' eeue Weste is a hampeces Weste if it is ustet la SMS scenest unless at has seem emelmeet from taas inet useer 96 300.30 and 300.33.
it) The Adessaastreser sul lamesse has hems for listat the ehema er types of Westen 44848e la thap Submart te om.
oneyms see er mere et the feusems Masare cases.
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san si tese mess.-
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Assamesa VU lesaufles the enestitu.
est wassa causes the Ammusneter to last the Weste se as D Tome Weste
@ er Tome Weste (?) m H 331J1 eaa 381.33.
tot het basertees weste listes in this eIISpart is aestense es WA Bas, tresas Weste mameer W the same of me same.alet pressess This esmeer meest to used a semptyng vita tae ase m m ed Gestass 3410 es las Act ene espean etesse.
and regenas scenerensees inser am tafgum an ensfeet 8'f8 et tam chapter.
(48 The ISBouns bassfeeus sesses llanes a e 333J1 er a 3B&J3 esesensent to las ensammes allis der assiety tas.
ardous Wasias essatusted a DA Beasteus Waeles lies.iSOLS:
7038.
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seesses seus e essunema e enesyssuesammmme eum a se se ammune emme o esen sua se e emans aume assuem 8ep's -
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so w ese eenaug e su m es m een emammassi e sunagasse en as e ausma suam summmesa e M
ammuus e e sumane samme e e e suuuumusum e e s aims ums e suuns aus summe ennema flue ese aus e emms amme ses es ammuum e summuuuuuum een agar esass em m
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amusum a e sumumme summs e su et -
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M M M esW W W W M M M sus as amammusmo ens e e sumem seems sumumma e enesus samus e est. suun e amuseusupus sus emme sumen i
augeem e m euauseseeutesesumeu m 'M sus es sumsuus e ammus e eessums somme uma e se e smaa m me es as asumuss sumus summa m e suussa esumme summe e e sus amusuunuoush fee age eso em same i
l se leum.us sus emmess emme sus e en summun e e e sumpuuuuuus Euna.ppguem aa 8
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! mummes ausser sun se asumum e emme sessase e a asesum l sen ein summe sus aun sem suse, e=A sum em se surt,
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93el.23 DIBerese e h e M. Beel444 esessen. es.sesseAenesse sensess. sen.
hems the: SGMte _8eBS nasses te pastsaph tel er (f3 et SIMs teamer sessenes. ene seelt senesens tassest.
- esemen, The feufsus matertals er teens see th) Aar effenennensten sammessent hasarasus Westes af ens entaa stop see stengent geodues er anastasseras enennent meer shegarese er lassated to te tiesseest.
"P"d*==***== meense eMusa. af it est when lateF afe elsed WIth Weste e6 er teead huelaseenerte M E e W 000 E pare W ES S tel er til ed-usee SG 0F ethW SatWul est egghed 1e tRe last 8er Goat e ggegulen er (BBMellE te) Aar esaeamer er amor ther 99 i
their seignal hasaded use. they areread tressment, er when, a lies et ' me Seemseed 8er use es ter es a samme uses to held ear sammesataleteessal seat et) a fasl esarmenos ser use se a.pretest er ammatesourts ehemenal Mc fuel er turnes esa faaet
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er ear egesamer er W the ft.
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seetlest, sansens las enstagger ts emptyease in mates er off spenglanges commermal as serases a e acLWhatal of the anne.
gegepagag gap gaygeSa fel of $43 see. '
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else er teammes er tung esemousenes.
sesset geme me. smense.ssestes er geese efter to eues. lease eumament ta I
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ano seety taebiasemasses wies mummuseus St Seemuuuses H &44tmmususseneses ess wm-sbWen te e h M
- embh $ w wie' _
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was imusman aamsum Wes nies em immen namen.e, ausses ais l
wim WBP idiumma mesm wum soume=muummusassen wie smuumusse.osan
- der isussums wise ese assues -
Wer amuummun em was muusma -
useum ese anse a emusammme e tenb eam use im g,e a m e n-g ag g.
m 68tummeut M
TWuignmeteuium aus it.ttemsub wiu amusmann sammen sh ime seusemmea suasear vite amummun ens sansaus a west to ensum usunsumme e asusse.
wie -
saummeesasesso. emu am, esee tem oem WiE hM N 6 m Ltl enseer masse em saamasumusene men amusamm an 8#
"W8'e mmum taggeoses er the Genes et tasassement i
van s***
ase Seeses emer seeses asemeer sees.
seen wies seen Noemanasamuseesuu.
l i
esab '
wie suonammusenemme t# FR 153.1944. Nov. 5.1888. as,
amuseos as 44 FR 87477. 3 day 30. test to 1-en 9e e
m
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Subpert C==Chesestev6 emes of (3)It is not a tietale and is eassele.
Moseseeme Weste unew stoneaN temperatuN ane 3Me.
eure, of smastas fire through frietten.'
l allJo Gemeemt.
steemuen of moutum w esentamus
~
eal A esine waste as defined in themasal changes ame. open tenstes,
.e l 381.3. wnach is not escluese from. th&L lt sNates a BaseN. turns se Tigersualy me pere regulatsen as a tasareous weste under I 301.etbl. to a hasareous weste tf it es.
(3) It is as tematatie essereesse ses -
habits ear of the snarasserutses seentt. e defmW m W CPR 113.800 me u flee tri this ausgert.
emermance Dy the test somem ee.
teemmene e set.at of taus emesser asu. -earmee un that regulataan er equave.
tortn tne genevaner a ressessissisty to seier, lent test metases aegresos Dy the Ad.
eune onesner nas seese eennenes see e maatstrator unter H 30s.30 ens 300.31.
meee et sne enesaseensues seenaanse a sa"'
I41 It ne as essener as esfasse in 49 sumanna CPR 1T3181.
. tal A heenNeus weste whleh is aden. ' charesteristas of namanamanuy. tut is set '
(tl A sente weste that enklMta the ttfied by a entramerteus a thCs out.
llmes as a temeNeus weste a Suggart.
part. tut is not lastee as a heaareous D. has the WA Sempeous Weste waste in Sutgart D. la testesse the! Nusster of D001.
EPA Mamreses Weste Nunter est
(
iorth la the respeettve altaracteristip gg,,ggggg, y,,gg,3,,,,,,,,,,, p m taas outsatt. This cusacer snust to. g pg gggg,g,g,,,ggg33' uses a comptrnns with the nettfiesa uen reeutrements of escuan 2010 of the Act sas certaan resermeep and 8 Mt.5 Chasemertsete of servesser.
reporting reeutrements under 383 through 368 ane Part 370 of tfus (a) A seue weste enheits the entras.
- cnaster, tornate of eerremfity if a repressata=
tes For purpeces of this outgart. Laut use enansle of the weste has either of Admannstrator will seasseer a Gamate the feuewsag propertaas.
estaartes usarts any of the ass 4assale asmalaris amnee speenf4N in Appen.
(1) It is neueous and has a pH less-das I te be a NMmentaun samste than er eeust to 3 or prest,er,than er esthan the mesmas of Part M of Laas
,,,,3 g, g g,y, g,,,g,,,,,,
y,,g
- n= "-
meter usme esther an EPA test mema = an eeuwent ist mann (commeer einse the Asseness ! semeline seerstee by the Aensnastrater unser metness are not some tofmeaty asestee ey sne Aamuustrater a seesen e the prosecures set forth art il 200,30.
ge=,a ;;ll=,, =v'ne somees te
'i and 300.31. T.he. EPA test mothee for s:ll:=,,;
.m. a seif.
unha u m ren -
es e
tenn i,,.et,,ee u.se, t,,e e,e,e,s.,,,
,et.
e, n,,
e unho
!= i ll us.m one me2 u
. waie chn he av u== et See
. chem unhas
.io,m.nn. u, i.. ion. m es ese m a=====
=
ata=-
=
i e
- 1. tan i m.m GN1J1 h eflgeIIshiler.
(Il It is a lieu 4e aAs serreese steel as A mud ween enhasu me saaree, tSAE lesel at a rate greater than 0.38 teristle of ISitattlity if a Ngmeents. em 88.
behl sw year at a test tem.
uve samsk of the wome he any of perature of 88'c (180*P) as estermose.
the feuerlag propermet Dy the test metase spesafted la NACE (1)It is a ligese. etter than as ague. (Nausasi mn= ef Cornmen En.
m esteuem esatasmas he mas 30 afemic la ** Test 3deeees for the Em thebel by 904 Seat les than 80,'C.,1
,,.,es, Chemie.of.S.olid. Weme, h. =/ ~
ua84em
.,,e,ma,e a.,s e
e theorgernt gggg gg
, g g,ggg' referense, see e N B.111 er en soutva.
mothee Weebee h AEftf Stamasse lent test mothee appresse by the Ad-39p gy Ebe8=e8 (heersented by. ministrater tender the presseuNe est ~
reeeresse ese a 300.10. er a SetaGang fena a H WJD ens NB.31.
Chase Cup fester. unne me un (t) A solid weets taas ethittas the mothee spenflee 2 Aff48 Staaeme charemerlette of serNetVity. Det is not D-8378-78 uneerssentee by referesse, lates as a hagaseous weste la Subpart see i 300.11), or as estermines by em D. has the EPA Essareous Weste -
eenivalent test metaos approved by:_ Nummer of D008..
the Adnaninrator under WNeWege (43 pm agtte. agne le est forth la il 300.30 and 300J1.
- es Fa asset. Juar T. 3 less, as emesses et 11 s
~
l i-a,,
- ~.
,c.,
.... _ _. ~.. _ _.,.. _... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
~ -. - _ _ ~.... _ _.. _ _
.____m...
1 l
s ni.n chemene i.e et esseu.nr.
c.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, e.,,,
i ta 4 sou =te e nism sne enarte.
teristit of resettvity if & representatne
,.-ee.se e e.c,es,e,,, o, se -
TgstefrY Samose of the Waste nas emy of the fol.,
lowing properties:
.i, it,s normaur imstatie e re.d.
iir unwesen munt enann mineut-
..ll=:,
setonating.
(2)It reseta ViolentlF eith water.
m it forms amenusur enemme r
,,n,,
s
._j minute n.n.u.r.
tel When mired tith Water, it gener.
8#'
Dus'ess le stes tonic cases. vapore or fumes an a. om
~ ' ~ ~ ~
mes ~
quanuty suffleient to present a danser
' E""' ' *" ~~" ' !
N este to numan neaJth or the eftfirensnerit.
Ostt -
tsar
($1 It na a tyantee of selflee teartn8 is s aste e men, a hen esp sittens Detween 2 an. osee to pH ren.
13.8. een gener.
att tonic gases, vapors or fufnes nn a cuantity sufficient to present a danser to numan health of the environment. e*
telIt is capatie of detenstaan er es.
plosne reaction tf it is sunsectee to a strone mitiatmg neurte or :( hestes unser confinement.
itt It is renaaly capatie of setona.
t:en or emplosne secomessation or re.
netton ht staneard temperature ans
- pressure, fines It :s a fortiseen emplesive es ee.
it m te CFR 173.81 or a Class A esplesne as defsee m 40 CFR 173.83 or a Class 8 emplosive as defmed in te mg CFR !!3.88..
m,, gg,y,,
g thi A salad waste that enhetits the '
entracteristic of reactn1tr tut is not - emene was emuses an nry man me The asense ene seessment esse ter hates as a nsaareous waste in Subeart.
D. nas the DA Masareous Weste fe,"e'a*m*med.
ameuse essnesen useos.'em r
Nummer of D003, s
messe eensscenemanesseerunsmeusse. es' em. :
iMlJ4 Chareseensue of EP tonester, emese masse stil es m te tas to me in.
ta) A sette sesse estubite the charme.
Asum a se sepumeaum et me same.
j ternsue of EP temaety it. using the test Essemelt 94sses NeWe=aEEtt SiemeRN eeutralent me.thee a Appenes !! er ausses er esmesses assenses-
^
metnese deser ees esp by the
'"E ube -
mta under.reece.se res e.r gg,
}
set forth e il300.30 and $30J1. the
~
.te m esswas
_ n.i steneue estreet from a representattee sammie uSEtt osaments of the wasse eestasas est of the seek g 4888 taminasta listee la Table I at 4 e esacre.ates eeuel te er great.er.tha,n esh e
re se ee same.een m ame.
Wilere the weste cestelas tem them G.8
. eu,,a e, pyynes. -
' gestser e poseent filteratie eeuds. the Weste Wee assesp.
of wesh.
teself. after #Rternas. Is sensedered to, leggen. 84. 3Best. teasess ear es es. --
he the estrast for the puppease of LIMs 8Wh 8E8 gy aestion.
(D) A solid weste that enhahles the gi,,es
===a Caeseggest sharnesetastas of EP teasetty. But is met Inteus stees a ens assesse, ese i
ameer sessressa.-
samster" es.
usted as a nasareous weste la Sutgart D. has the EPA Bestreenes Weste senese a.'fest asseasse ser me aseles. -
team er Selm Wasis. Wheebal/Cheesent Nummer speenflee in Tatie I wheelt eer.
Ideenses"* -
reopenas< to the tease sessammaat This mesmei aise samuage seguesas an.
eaustag it to be hasarteus.
lessneses en essessessen et taene eseessels.
b o
e k
i l.
. - -. ~...
Arruretst !!-EP TotactTV Tset fa. 'E
- b '"
event then the eserseem emoe,e,M l
Peteestas ens ee gne og e,en a s.e a er goes,
I t of one -
l A asisterise pinessess are essee to me semuen essess e na of een est eram of sent The mature eaan as em.
i
- 1. A reevesentasse amene of the state to. ' mass ter 84 house ene Gamlaamse at Se'.
l i
to tense immetas see See evemos eneM be ap*C tes**lte*P) stew taas tea. It 8 fee.
comanes unite 540 memes Seelflee lh As=
gggegges tant me seesteer esaster ens semana 1 er ear staar Settes Seeste of esMs tee 98 eterms to seufer of the es.
i l-Fletelas a reestseemtsee esmote mthm lAe tytellet With a opete sum to the Tree 48 4 --
maamme of pen ses fptr estasse smaanse aR Centfeuer -agagfeatures by Chaptfle, j
en eeneumane the eeneus assume of the EP - fas austsee osages atta er ne semes
-g ese " Test Mennede for tae Setitantage ei neet. In sonnemaan men a osures esse.
i-Sonne Weste. PttesmuChensed McGees" ese faserseer el eAll testas esse, U enast 6
'ensi m a tot j
'tasargeouse DT potereuse, ese 4 8es.113.2 seesamete. tae gegegeg
- 3. The esmole ellas as essestsee asas see aamuel asengewe sheu to meteree; esmessent nietale ese estIS emmen Ilslas the to: A et meter gass to entsaans a es.
memes emernes as "Gesastaaem press.'
essgeen WIth et messiheurere gendle. '
= teses.
ewe" totee. U the seus someus a senasses 19:
temas this metase tenais asse tales e.0*. of The eE et me setemas-esas te -
the artmaal Wessat of tas easte, the reeleue egnonnes ena If assempt. SAff aestas este -
saa to disenfeet ene See sesfther eAnd. emag to manshue taese te We eeuteter treet the 46euse etase es 84e senstet ese e. ageR the at sessnes e.eee.& Tae em of esteses ammeslaae87 to Sles en the estatant shap as tenutse et 44. Se afhs t
- 4. The tale apertal seemese frem tale es Emute mespeth. OsWas to the east nee--sofe-e-e -an =
U"" " "
its ennasie eme. u ine esse matensa nas a
,,n,, T,h,e,,e,ase.,,.,,m, m,s.e.e.a. to e
ewiese wet Mr gram of enesetal eeumi te.
g, g
er Wester them. 4.4 m'er semes threesse a :
tel M M We ese of me =iteur septonsa 9.8 as seJil Insas atascare stees. See eser' the SE af We munMB e act tese nest chau emesse to Sese e. Il We Stef 480 ene 20 genes easten W ese te at -
i l
wen a smauer er the enfusas a tapeer -, per spam et estems tas est tem sede& the em amnes essen, the eeMe M SE shee to seNees as SA e 0.8 ese es es.
t j
emed be esconfee for septemet 97 enAS.
treatica ensammes far es sembleman sour ~
l me. settes er ertam the entertal as that -
heese We WG 14 semes tapeust a eJ as teJte lastss og g,n,e, gg,s, g,f,st,,,tae SE eseg to eGlW.
g, er. if sne sesonna a e a masas esses.esee 4.atmeesofmeet W mutagen e
Gotteetles the matMut le the "Streateara'l-gens & emesses vase man to seems u qt.pnessee emantes twee.
-the enese,nte,r a.m mammet enemmes te
.o mesi ta em entse ausreas estamos a Step 3 estou en steense ese edeces a en eeuteter VetteNWI lerWI. A sem 18 tames see wonest of essenese steer.
Veelseseasse seest to toeesse
- De not esse las esserent to ey efter to '
Weesteht a mens of ease stafees to es.
setenses. Per suresem of taas test. es es.
nsamer eestatte eastster a ene sessa WW Imenyg aufflesses escasaan as the eastare to not -
Aeal ed 8480 eastes ans esses emme se.
r teostaan esty esteens estgarmages of the meets T. The ameMul el the MUeme mee to ese sentellen these but age m tant og.
essefasse see see emeesset 41sque ese maste sesrfasse are emew tiemett
~ eelte stas # es eleWItse Weer"Gesafa88am met Osmate WIIS WuS Eless e m E=esellfe." '
Ged&
- 8. After tan selee amannat een desemagm e.The tems em am map 8 ans T seter are sesses a tan segemer, me seen>a
. esas to saammes This semesse seuse ser ter atau tem emesedes ans SeteWe the es eene steeds if a has Isis team e seguas 1
95 et tae esseessa a me seisester. If the estiS. en tetes a het SI h te seutes and 05 t genaar thes $& the SE et tas seII>
~ m to essmus ser es spuma et ear of i
tasm ames to essesses to 4.0 e eJ er.
Gees e WesAssaThate!et.
edW e4 W essage esit if the eft le ecua8 tsetet esas me amasuma puungswee to e in them && as essete ans stelete to enam etes tatse.-
em The et of tasesseum emeu to eso. -
M e em amtse, mises IM seusse Gampetus Weser madameers' sees.sweener pa ess/s.at.
Baummese: A meer messer. esmenge ser
- The essenen enhee a estemmes by reestases semos nestas a asemas esse ens -
.i drpus the fBler une et es*C tasal a sensees et e.46 assenstem and messes er eastems a 4A ts/m*tTe em) asemasse samme to essensen seacht ene them amistisens tas.
We estelleS tems annet chat be men.
especes seges usses the fausses aguassen:
FWF Pweist seues e GehWe cessamme semanueuse este. Stue assuteten ens to emenee WItaset mem a 4.3 to/me um et.
8Wemelek Wesem fugees
- ee...sm.
ee.
W-=mm am nem =up m.se,er a e es
==
e.e - e.e.o.
_ _ _. ~ _ _ _.. _.. _.. _. _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ - -..
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further etssenger se fdustaan seesment er presseures ese " Ten Metases for Semiuna. al rotaanse en the funer see to ary ener te i
esegnane.
4 lae,asas wesia. phviseauchemme asem-me The me.e ones, enen
.e,.. cc u essestese. DF sesecunes, ese i
ger gegesegeet use m Step 4 g
9
- 11) Pouestas manateeswer's emeuses.
the funer use saan to sessnesse vita a
& 488tenpai fasepulse pseessese fusef tes seenmane of a 4.4 mesemony SeuWeema: A Strustusta latspter Tester i
futer memesmas. per erasmas er esse is hoetse a 818
- 415 m) essener nemmer j
futor Stastures a essf90er use sessang of WWeAME SAS 88 88.19 Ima ese testas & L i
the feuestas grefutese a lampeamme pere fece tan et L&.9% e se ad shaN te wee
)
eats (e.44 masenster menestas, he seas This aestes le tattlette ftes Ameneted j
L fttet psefuter, one scene elem Se get.. O M S ens teemuressuring Cemesar. 44es.
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L ENCLOSURE 3 e
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N MAR I 3 UJ
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l-L TO THE STATES AND COMPACT REGIONS:
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SUBJECT:
COMBINED NRC-EPA SITING GUIDELINES FOR DISPOSAL 0I RADI0 ACTIVE AND HAZARDOUS WASTE ~
As you are aware, the Low-level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments (LLRWPAA) established milestones (and-penalties for not meetin milestones) to ensure adequate development of future disposal g these capacity for-commercial low-level radioactive weste (LLW). The penalties are cuite severe and the deadlines do not leave much room for slippage.
We would like to call to your attention the unuary 1, Ig88l milestone-(Section 4
5(e)(1)(B)) which requires that each non-sited compact or non-member state-develop a siting plan for a LLW disposal facility.
These siting plans must include detailed procedures and a schedule for establishing a disposal. facility location and preparing a license application.
i 5(e)(1)(8)(111) provides that the siting plan shall:Among other things.Section I
for broad sitin... identify, to the extent practicable, the process for (1) screen sites; and (3) g areas; (2) identifying and evaluating specific candidate' i
characterising the preferred site (s).
This letter serves four purposes:
(1) to inform states and compacts that, under current Federal law, the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory.Casuiitsion (NRC) and the U.S.-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have dual jurisdiction over mixed low-level radioactive and i
hazardous waste (Mixed LLW); (2) to state that both-NRC and' EPA do not consider-the absence of EPA's final comprehensive location standards to be justification for states and compacts to not meet their obligations under the LLRWPAA;' (3) to convey that both NRC and EPA are cessaitted to providing guidance to states-and compacts who request help in their efforts to meet:the January 1988-LLRWPAA milestone for siting plans; and (4) to jointly transmit the NRC-EPA combined siting guidelines for Mixed LLW:(enclosed)
Dual statutory authority exists for Mixed LLW, which is regulated by the NRC under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA), as amended and by EPA under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.(RCRA), as amended.
Mixed LLW is defined as.
waste that satisfies the definition of LLW in the LLRWPAA 'and contains' hazardous waste that either is listed in 40 CFR Part 261 Subpart D or causes-the LLW to exhibit any of the hazardous waste characteristics' identified = in 40-CFR Part 261 Subpart C.
Both the NRC and EPA staffs consider that Mixed LLW-i 3
=
M
s can be disposed of in accordance with the above statutes and NRC and EPA regulations.
{
In 1982, the NRC promulgated regulations containing minimum site suitability?
recuirements for LLW land disposal facilities under-10 CFR Part 61.. In 1981,
. EPA pYomulgated minimum location standards for hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities in 40 CFR Part 264. Section 3004(o)(7) of RCRA, which was added by the Hazardous and Solid Weste Amendments of 1984-(HSWA), requires EPA to publish guidance identifying areas of voinerable hydrogeology; this guidance was completed and issued in July 1P86. - Section 3004(o)(7) of RCRA also-requires EPA to specify criteria for the acceptable -
location of new-and existing hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal-facilities as necessary to protect human health and the environment.- EPA anticipates proposing these location standards in September 1987 and promulgating them by September 1988. "This schedule provides affected-states and compacts with a preview of the final standards and an opportunity to-comment on the standaros before= promulgation.
Because of uncertainty about the precise content of EPA's future location standards, states and compacts may have questions-regarding the site selection 3
Both NRC and EPA are committed to providing guidance to states and-process.
compacts who request help in developing their siting plans by the January 1 1988 deadline.
Technical questions pertaining to sitin for Mixed LLW should be submitted in writing to either g a disposal facility listed below, as appropriate.-
the NRC or EPA contacts ;!
For questions about the LLRWPAA For questions relating to l
siting-deadline or NRC's site EPA's location standards suitability requirements, contact:
contact:
Dr. Sher Bahadur Mr. Burnell' Vincent Division of Weste Management Weste Management Division Mail Stop 623-53 Mail Code WN-665 U.S. Muclear Regulatory Commission U.S. Environmental Protection Washington. 0.C.
20555 Agency Washington, D.C. 20460
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3 In sunnery, if states and compacts observe the enclosed NRC. EPA combined siting guidelines an8 keep abreast of the developing EPA location standares, the absence of final RCRA location standards should not prevent states ano compacts from meeting their obligations under the LLRWPAA.
Sincerely, i
1 Hugn
. Thompson,.
ter Offi of Nuclear Mate a1 Safety ane Safeguares U.S. Nuclear Regu atory Commission l
9 ~ /,j.
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.. W 7h-f6 (J. Winston Perter Assistant Administrator-Office of Solid Weste and Emergency Response =
r U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Enclosure:
As stated l
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I COM81NED NRC-EPA SITING GUIDELINES FOR O!$P05AL O MIXED LOW-LEVEL RADICACTIVE AND HAZARDOUS WASTES Introduction The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Pclicy Amendments Act of 1985 (LLRWPAA) requires states and compacts to develop sitin waste (LLW) disposal facilities by January 1,g plans for. low-level radioactivp 1988.
These disposal fac111tieL may receive consercial mixed low-level radioactive and hazardous waste (Mixed LLW), which is regulated by the U. 5. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NR the Atomic Energy Act (AEA), as amended, and by the U. S., Environmental-Protection Agency (EPA) under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), as amended.
Mixed LLW is defined as waste that satisfies the definition of LLW in the LLRWPAA and contains: hazardous waste that either is' ;
i listed in Subpart D of 40 CFR Part 261 or causes the LLW to exhibit any o hazardous waste characteristics identified in subpart C of 40 CFR Part 281.
assist in applying that definition, NRC and EPA recently developed joint guidance entitled " Guidance on the Definition and Identification of Commercia -
- Questions" (Jan. 8,1987). Mixed Low-Level Radioactive and Hazard NRC has promulgated LLW regulations'and EPA has promulgated hazardous weste regulations that pertain to the siting requireme for disposal facilities for Mixed LLW.
Because of uncertainty about the precise content of EPA's future location standards.= states and: compacts i
have questions regarding the site selection process. - This. document prov combined NRC-EPA siting guidelines - to be used before EPA's new location standards are promulgated, to f6cflitate development-of siting plans for t
disposal facilities that may receive Mixed LLW.
Section 5(e)(1)(8) of the LLRWPAA requires states and compacts to develo siting plans for LLW disposal facilities by January 1,1988.
i In addition to other information, these siting plans must identify, to the extent practicable the process for (1) screening for. broad sitin evaluating specific candidate sites, and (3)'g areas. (2) identifying and characterizing the preferred site (s).
It is anticipated that this process will' be based primarily on the site suitability requirements that' apply to LLW disposal.
If facilities also-receive Mixed LLW their siting requirements will reflect additional requirements that apply to disposal of hazardous waste as defined by RCRA.
In 1982. NRC promulgated regulations which contain minimum site suitab requirements for LLW 1and disposal facilities in 10 CFR 61.50.
EPA has also-promulgated minimum location standards for hazardous waste treatment, s also found in 40 CFR 270.3, 270.14(b) and (c).. Altho incorporated siting requirements in existing regulations for LLW and hazardou:
waste disposal, respectively, the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amenaments-(HSWA) to RCRA require EPA to publish guidance identifying areas of vulnerab
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hydrogeology.- In July 1986. EPA published this guidance in " Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulner8M A Hyerogeology under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act--Statutory interpretative Guidance. July 1986. Interim Final-i (PB-86-224953)." The 1984 HSWA also requires (in Section 3004(o)(7)) that EPA specify criteria for the acceptable location of new and existing-hazardous.
waste treatment. storage and disposal facilities. - EPA anticipates proposing these location standards in September 1987 and promulgating them in final form,
by September 1988.
EPA's scheduled date for promulgatin months after the LLRWPAA January 1. g its final location standards is nine 1988, milestone for non-sited states and I
compacts to develop siting plans.
Therefore, states and compacts may require i
some assistance in their efforts -to develop siting plans' for LLW disposal facilities that may receive Mixed LLE The two agencies are issuing these combined guidelines to promote the development of siting plans' by states and
~
Both NRC and EPA consider that the absence of EPA's final j
compacts.
comprehensive location standards for hazardous waste disposal facilities is not '
an adequate basis for states and compacts to delay development of siting plans ?
for LLW disposal.
States-and compacts should proceed at this time to develop siting plans in accordance with the existing NRC and EPA requirements.
The following combined-NRC-EPA guidelines are provided for use by the states and compacts, and art-based on existing NRC regulations in 10 CFR Part 61 and EPA regulations-in 40 CFR Parts 264 ane 270.
both agencies will strive to keep; states and-coegacts informed abo of the developing siting requirements.
Combined NRC-EPA Sitino Guidelines Site suitability requirements -forcland' disposal of LLW are provided in 10 CFR-i Section 61.50.
These requirements constitute minimum technical requirements for geologic, hydrologic, and demographic characteristics of LLW disposal.
Several of these requirements identify favorable site characteristics - !
Sites.
i for near-surface disposal facilities for LLW.
The madority of the site-suitability regstrements, however. Identify potentially adverse site characteristics that must not be present~ at LLW disposalt sites. The site suitability requirements in 10 CFR Part 61 are intended to function collectively with the requirements for facility design.and operation. site closure, waste classification'and segregation, maste form and packaging, and institutional controls to assure isolation of LLW for the duration of the radiological hazard. The NRC Technical Position entitled "$1te Suitability.
Selection. and Characterization" (NUREG-0gC2) provides detailed guidance on implementing the site suitability requirements in 10 CFR Part 61.
EPA has diso promulgated certain minimum location standards for hazardous west.
treatirent, storage, and disposal facilities.. These' standards are provided in
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40 CFR Section 264. 1 As previous.ly r.oted, the hazardous waste regulations also include other location considerations as well as applicable provisions
-i other Federal statutes.
For_ example, Subpart F of 40 CFR Part 264 requires establishment of ground-water monitoring programs capable of. detecting contaminatioat from land disposal units.
While not a siting criterion gg 3 this requirement can preclude siting in locations. that cannot be aseguate monitored or character 1 red.
A' further description of location-related 5
standards and applicable provisions of other Federal-statutes can be-found in:
Disposal Facilities:the " Permit Writers' Guidance Manual for Hazareous Wa Applicable Regulations" (Final Draft - February 1985). Phase I C describes five criteria for detemining location acceptability:This guidance m characterize, exclusion of high hazarA and unstable terrain.: ability toability monitor, exclusion of protected lands,.and identification of areas of i
vulnerable hydrogeology.
regulations and are full The first four of these cetteria' have a basis in.th vu' nerable hydrogeology.y described in the manual. - The fifth criterion, i
is defined ~1n the RCRA interpretive guidance manual' mentioned above (Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable %drogeology 1
Guidance. July 1986. Interim Final (PS-46-224g53)).under However, since H5WA also added other requirements:in addition to location standards to prevent or mitigate ground-water contamination.- EPA recogniz that vulnerable hydro operating practices. geology must be considered in conjunction with design and' i Vulnerability should not be the sole determining-factor in RCRA siting decisions. - Rather, this criterion provides.a' trigger for mor i
detailed evaluation of sites that are identified as' having potentially vulnerable hydrogeology.
The extent.of necessary site review and eval related directly to-the extent to which a location " fails" or " passes"uation -it vulnerability criterion.
the Sites that are determined to be extremely: vulnerable will require much closer examinatten than sites tha permit conditions or modifications in design or operating practices.
By combining this above. technical requirements, standards, and. guidance agencies, MC and EPA have formulated the eleven guidelines-listed below.. Th e
use of terne in the guidelines is consistent with their regulatory definitions in 10 CFR Part 61 and 40 CFR Parts 260 and 264. The combin guidelines is intended by the agencies to apply only as guidance to states and 1
compacts developing siting plans for LLW disposal facilities'that may receive Mixed LLW.
These combined guidelines are not intended to displace existing-standards and guidance.
should be considered in any application of the combined sit The combined siting guidelines for a commercial Mixed LLW disposal faci as follows L
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1.
Primary emphasis in disposal site suitati.11ty should be given to isolation of wastes one to disposal site features that ensure that the long-term performance objectives of 10 CFR Part 61, Subpart C are met.
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2.
The disposal site shall be capable of being characterised, modeled, l
analysed, and monitored. At a minimum, site character 1 ation must be able i
)
to (a) delineate groune water flow paths, velocities, and (c) eetemine poetechnical(b) estimate ground-water flow properties sufficiently to support facility design. At a minimum for site groundewater monitoring, disposal site operators must be able to (a) assess the rate and direction of ground-water flow in the u ground-water quality, and (c)ppermost equifer, (b) detemine backg i
3.
The disposal site must be g(nerally well-drained (with respect to surface water) and free of areas of flooding or frequent pending.
4 The disposal site shall not be in the 100-year floodplain.
t 5.
Thesitemustbelocatedsothatupstreamdrainageareasareminimitec I to decrease the amount of runoff that could erede or inundate waste disposal units.
6.
Disposal sites may not be located on lands specified in 10 CFR Sectier ;
61.50(a)(5), including wetlands (Clean Water Act) and coastal. high hazard areas (Coastal Zone Management Act).
Location of facilities on the following lands must be consistent with requirements of applicable Federal statutast archeological and historic places (National Historic Places Act) endangered or threatenee habitats (Endangeret Species Act); national 4 parks, monuments and scenic rivers (Wild and Scenic Rivers Act)l wilderness areas,(Wilderness Protection Act): and wildlife refuges (National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act).
7.
The disposal site should previse a stable foundation for engineered containment structures.
8.
Disposal sites must not be located in areas where:
(a) tectonic processes such as faulting folding., seismic activity, or vulcantes may occur with such frequency,and entent to affect significant1) i the ability of the disposal facility to satisfy the performance ebdectives specified in Subpart C of 10 CFR Part 61, or eey preclude defensible moseling and prediction of long-term impacts; in particular, sites must be located more than 400 feet from a fault that has been active during the i
Holocene Epoch; (b) surface geologic processes such as mass wasting, erosion, slumping,
[
lanosliding, or weathering occur with such frequency and extent to effect s
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obfectives in Subpart C of 10.CFR Part 61, or may precluce def l
moeeling one preeiction of long-ters impacts;
,(c) natural resources exist that, if emploited, would result in failure te meet the performance objectives in Subpart C of 10 CFR Part 61; (d) projected population growth and future developments within the region or state where the facility is to be-located are likely to affect the ability of the disposal facility to meet the performance objectives in Subpart C of 10 CFR Part 61; ard (e) nearby facilities or activities could adversely impact the etspetal facility's ability to satisfy the performance objectives in Subtert C of 10 CFR Part 61 or cculd significlntly mask an environmental monitoring program.
9.
The hydropeologic unit beneath the site shall not discharge ground water to the ' and surface within the disposal site boundaries.
10.
The water table must be sufficiently below the disposal facility to-prevent ground-water intrusion into the waste, with the exception outlinet under 10 CFR 5ection 61.50(a)(7).
11.
In general, areas with highl attention in the siting process. y vulnerable hydrogeology deserve specia Hydrogeology is considered vulnerable when ground-water travel time along any 100-foot flow path from the edge of the engineered containment structure is less than approximately.100 years (Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hyerogeology Under RCRA--Statutory Interpretive Guidance, July 1986, Interim Final.
(P8-86-224953)).
01:posal sites located in areas of vulnerable-hydrogeology may require eatensive, site-specific investigations which could lead to and provide bases for restrictions or modifications to design or operating practices.
However -a finding that a site is 1ccated in an area of vulnerable hydrogeology alone, based on the EPA criteria,1-not censidered sufficient to prohibit siting under RCRA.
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ENCLOSURE 4
OswtR m t: :it 39487.00-i
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$8I i
TO THE STATES, COMPACT REGIONS, AND ALL NRC LICENSEES
SUBJECT:
MIXED LOW 4EVEL RA010 ACT Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA Protection Agency (EPA) has jurisdiction over the manag)e, ment with the exception of source, byproduct, and special nuclear materia are regulated by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (hR Energy Act (AEA).
Low 4evel Radioactive Wastes (LLW byproduct, or special nuclear materials, but they may) also contain contain source, constituents which are hazardous under EPA regulations promulgated un Subtitle C of RCRA.
Such wastes are cosmonl Radioactive and Hazardous Waste (Mixed LLW).y referred to as Mixed Low-Level material components of the Mixed LLW (10 CFR PartsA 260-266, 268 and 270). regulations control the hazardous componen are subject to either NRC or EPA regulations.Thus, all of the individu combined to become Mixed LLW, neither agency has exclusive ju current Federal law.
NRC regulates the radioactive component and EPA reg component of the same waste.
1 LLW disposal facilities.The attached guidance document provide assist commercial LLW disposal site operators and Sta regulatory agencies in designing disposal facilities that satisfy both
)
i NRC regulations for Mixed LLW facilities.
process of promulgating regulations that further define the technic parameters for the leak detection leachtte collection and double liner systems, affected parties may proc,eed to develop designs for disposal that will accept Mixed LLW in accordance with existing regulatory re Owners and operators should, however, keep abreast of developing E regulations in this area. The attached regulations in effect on August 1,1987. guidance is bases on NRC and EPA The attached guidance presents a conceptual de with water, while also assuring long-term stabi maintenance which are required by both agencies.
document are presented as general guidance, specific design details ar i
expected to be complementary to particular site conditions, so that a liter.s application will have to address site characteristics and their relation a proposed design as well as the details of any engineered portion of the facility.
for waste disposal facilities to comply with all applica i
regulations.
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- sWER DIRECM *'t s 94 9 7. 00-9 2
utdance should permit licensees to develop safe and effe Depending on the particular type of conceptual-design ts.
licensee. EPA may permit variances to the requirements for d
- hate collection systems.
~
ouble Sincerely.
W H h
. Thompson
.e of Nuclear. gr.,
tor 0
Mat r 1 Safety and Safeguar U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 2/h. /k Winston Porter stistant Administrator Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response U.S. Environmental Protection Agency i
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OSWER DIRECTIVE s9437,00-i i
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JOINT NRC.. EPA GUIDANCE ON A CONCEPTUAL D i
COP 99ERCIAL MIXE0 LOW 4EVEL RADI0 ACTIVE A I
WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES i
I Introduction i
i TheLow4evelRadioactiveWestePolicyAmendm i
facilities remain available through 1992, regions are reevired to assume coselete responsibility for LLW existing and new disposal facilities may receive commercial mixed low Both radioactive and hazardous waste (Mixed LLW), which is regulated i
Nuclear Regulatory Comeission (NAC) under the Atomic Energy A the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Reso
, and by and Recovery Act (RCRA).
Mixed LLW isedefined as weste that satisfies th definition of LLW in the LLRWPAA and contains h is listed as a hazardous waste in Subpart D of 40 CFR Part 261 or (2 the LLW to exhibit any of the hazardous waste characteristics identifie i
Subpart C of 40 CFR Part 261.
EPA issued joint guidance entitled " Guidance on the Definit Identification of Commercial Mixed Low 4evel Radioa Anticipated Questions" on January 8,1987.
[.
approach that meets the regulatory requireme disposal of Mixed LLW.
Other designs, or variation of the proposed design concept may also be acceptable under the requirements of both agenc be reviewed on a case-by-case basis as received.
EPA regulations in 40 CFR Part 264 Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage,, and Disposal Facil design and operating requirements for owners and operators that disp hazareous waste in landfills [264.300 to 264.317).
requirements for the installation of two or more liners and a leachateThe collection and removal system LCR$) above and between the liners human health and*the environmen(t.
Exceptions to the double liner and leachate collection system requirements are allowed, if alternative desi practices, together with location characteristics, are demonstrated to E Regional Administrator to be equally effective in preventing _the m any hasardous constituent into the ground water or surface waters NRC regulations in 10 CFR Part 61, Licensing Requirements for Land l
Radioactive Weste, indicate that long-term stability of the waste and the disposal site require minimitation of access of water to the weste (6 and that the disposal site must be designed to minimite, to the extent i
practicable, the conta-t of water with waste during storage, the contact of standing water with wastes after disposal [61.51(a)(6)]. s i
i of a " bath-tub" effect in which the waste could beco j
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OSWER ::RECTtyt 3 9h. M-!
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(e.g., from infiltration of surface water runoff) within a disposal unit belcw grace with a low permeability bottom surface.
)
The guidance on a conceotual design ~ approach that is offered in the s[
i paragraphs is intended to present basic design concepts that are acceptable in addressing the regulations of both the NRC and EPA with respect t for liners, leachate collection systems and efforts to minimite the contact of liquid with the waste.
provided at the conceptual level and that the design and i
complementary to specific site conettions need to be engineered by potent waste facility owners and operators. The application of the guidance in this document will not affect the requirements for. licensees of weste disposa) j t
facilities to comply with all applicable NRC and EPA regulations.
Conceotual Desian
.t disposal unit are provided. Sketches and a brief discussion of the desi This desi to demonstrate the integration of EPA'gn concept has been developed primarily liners and a leachate collection system above and between liners i
regulations of the NRC that require the contact of water with the waste be i
minimited.
In addition, the design concept fulfills the need under both agencies' regulations to assure long-term stability and minimite active meintenance after site closure.
In this approach, the Mixed LLW would be placed above the original gro Schematic details of some of the principal design Mixed LLW disposal unit are provided in the sketches accompanying document.
Figure 1 depicts the three Mixed LLW disposal unitt Figure 2 provdimensional overall view of a conceptual ides details of the perimeter born, liners, and leachate collection systemt Figure 3 presents a cross-sectional
+
view of the covered portion of the disposal unit; and Figure 4 describes the final cover system.
In the overall v.iew of the Mixed LLW disposal facility, the double liners an leachate collection and removal-system are installed before the emplacem the Mixed LLWs and the cover system is added at closure.
The leak detection tank and leachate collection tank are encircled by a bers that controls surfa water runoff free precipitation that would fall directly o site.
any leachate that could possibly develop above the top flexibl6 membrane-lin and below the emplaced wasta.
pipes to the primary leachate collection tank where the 1.eacha tested and treated, if required.
collection and removal system would drain to the leak detectio i
closure is not anticipated. development of significant amounts of leach This is because the closure requirements provide l
that the cover must be designed and constructed 1) to provide long term minimization of water infiltration into the closed disposal facility, 2) to function with minimum maintenance, 3)' to promote drainage and minimite
0.iWER DIRECT:Vc s 9 4 87. 00-4 l
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anc 4) te have a permeability less than or toual to the permeability o I
bcttom liner system.
the slope of the final cover and the run-on control care period (nomally 30 years) when leachate d i
longer a problem.
i double liner and leachate collection and removal syst
(
for leachate runoff control would assure that all leachtt The perimeter berm the waste and safely contained and transported through th
(
pipes to the tanks located outside the final cover slope.e drainage layers and requiring minimizing contact of the weste with water are fulfilled by NRC's regulations the waste to be placed above the level of the hiqhest water table fl r ng and above the drainage layers where leachate wou' d collect.
elevation of the solidtfied Mixed LLW %uld be required in all insta The bottaa i
at elevations above the top of the perimeter bem.
i waste zone and the perisater bem are presented.In Fig of solidified Mixed LLW may consist of different options, dependi licensee's selection.
Options that would be acceptable include use of stable high integrity waste containers (NICs) that have the spaces betw filled with a cohesionless, low compressible fill material or place waste in an engineered structure, such as a reinforced concrete-vault.
system over the waste that would be acceptable to the EPA and NRC A cover Figure 4 The cover system would consist of (1) an outer rock or vege layer to minimize erosion and provide for long-tem stability, (2) drainage layer that transmits infiltrating water off of the underly n permeability layers compacted low permea,bility clay layer. *.nd (4) a fi low beneath the compacted clay layer.
ayer consist of an engineered vault structure with a top roof, an a direct any water infiltration away from the waste tone. co sufficient thickness of cover materials or an eng Mixed LLW that i
ensure the required protection against inadvertent intrusion.
Mind LLW in an engineered reinforced concrete va polymer-impregnated coperate vault, or double-lined high-integrity that are hematically sealed.
If proposed by license applican 1
variations would be reviewed by both the EPA and NRC on a casets, these i
evaluate their acceptability and confomance with established Federal by-case basis to regulations.
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05WER DIRECT 'it s9407.00-8 6
For questions related to NRC regulations and design requirements
, contact:
Dr. Sher Bahadur, Project Manager Division of Low-l.evel Waste Managem,ent and Decosuitssioning Mail Stop 623-S$
U.S. Muclear Regulatory Commission Washington, DC 20555 Facility specific questic:'s, permitting requirements, variances and othe related concerns shoujd be addressed to either the EPA Regiona agency authorized to administer the aimed waste program as appropriate.
general questions related to EPA regulations and design requireme For Mr. Kenneth $kahn $snior Engineer Waste Management Division Mail Stop WM-565E U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street. SW Washington, DC 20460 I
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