ML19346A302
| ML19346A302 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 06/09/1981 |
| From: | Hendrie J NRC COMMISSION (OCM) |
| To: | Ahearne J, Bradford P, Gilinsky V NRC COMMISSION (OCM) |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19346A298 | List: |
| References | |
| FRN-45FR31393, REF-10CFR9.7, RULE-PR-60 NUDOCS 8106190052 | |
| Download: ML19346A302 (67) | |
Text
F
'M 7*o UNITED STATES g
l' NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION a
O
(
I wAsmuoroN, D. C. 20553 qj e
June 9, 1981
+
CHAIRMAN MEMORANDUM FOR: Cemissioner Gilinsky Comissioner Bgdford Comissioner Aher e FROM:
Joseph M. Hendri N
N f
)
SUBJECT:
HLW TECHNICAL RUtE - SECY-81-267 As pecmised, I have marked up the proposed rule.
I have ccmpiled the base for the markup from Enclosure A of SECY-81-267, replacing pages from that version with the new pages frem.the ECO's June 1 memo as appropriate.
I have attached a complete rule package, although there are no changes on many pages, in order to have the wncle text convenient to hand.
In the balance of this memo. I will try to comment 'en the ressens for the significant changes I propose, taking them in page order.
P. 1 A long cement period is appropriate--I have changed the 90 days to 150, but even 180 would not be unreascnable.
In part, that is because COE needs some time for policy evolution in their HLW plans to be reflected in their cements.
P. 5 peter's change--frem his June 2 memo.
(I don't think I have all of Peter's coments included, but this is due to oversight rather than disagreement in most cases.)
- p. 8 "Many rather thari " hundreds of" thousands--to avoid giving the impression that anything very quantitative can be said of hundreds of thousands of years.
P. 9, 9a The retrievability requirement continues to give me large problems because it is for so long a period--in effect, more than a hundred years. Since I had no clearly superior alta -
native to offer, I have chosen to insert a paragraph (the p.
9a insert) that points cut hcw icng the 50-year requirement really amounts to for the designer and ask for cements on the matter.
I hope we can have a thorough discussion about retrievability with the staff in our ccming meetings.
It may help to see what we can do in the rule.
/8106190O W L
. P. 11, 11a This is Shapar's suggested insert to make clear how we would handle a spent fuel storage facility at a repository site, or any other activity licensed under another part of the regulations.
P. 15 I still think there is too much design and construction detail in this rule, but rather than try to sort out what to keep and what to remove, have called for comments.
P. 16, 16a, This is John's call for comments on the overall perfor-b,c mance standard vs. the rule's barrier-by-barrier approach.
I have done some rewriting on John's text which I think (obviously) makes it clearer without changing the thrust.
Inclusion of this section will silence me for the time being on this matter.
P. 28, 29, Here is a major point--on the reascnable assurance language.
29a The heart of it is in my insert on p. 29a.
I think it is essential to being able eventually to license a repository that we provide this kind of general guidance as to the
" level of proof" required for positive findings. Just to say reasonable assurance that the performance criteria are going to be met simply will not do it.
The repository issues have an absolutely unique time span to them. We have to recognize that reasonable assurance of tnings many thousands of years in the future is a different ball game than reascnable assurance that a reactor vessel will last 40 years (and we have enough trouble with that).
It strikes me that HLW disposal is a bit like cleaning up TMI-2. The public interest requires that semething be done and wnat we want is very careful thinking about the options, possible problems, the best ways to do the job.
But given that application of effort, then the public interest lies in getting on with the job rather than doing nothing.
It is not like licensing a new power plant, where the cption of doing nothing is the safest course, at least from a radiological safety standpoint.
So what we want to compel with this rule is a really thorough job by 00E in trying to anticipate and account for problem areas and in being quite conservative in the engineering design.
I thi1k the rule does that, in spade,. When we finally get that thorough job in the form of an application (and the many amendments to it the staff will undoubtedly require),
there are still, going to be all sorts of uncertainties in these far-future projections.
But if it looks as though the respository will probably work out satisfactorily, and there are on balance reasonable arguments that that will be the case, then the public interest is in going anead in spite of the uncertainties.
To allow that, we cannot ask for a very high " level of prcof" of these far-future projections.
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4 e
=
. P. 34, 35_
I have attached the ALARA language on the waste package, the rate of release, and the corresponding TEU criterion.
On the waste package, I use "at least" 1000 years instead of 1000 years plus ALARA. This is to avoid arguments over whether there is not some better waste package than the one proposed.
If the proposed package is I
1-inch stair.iess steel, would not the Swedish hypothetical 4-inch copper container be reasona51y achievable and hence required by the rule? And if the waste, package is changed to 4-inch copper, would not gold-plating be reasonably achievable, and hence required? I see no end to that debate.
If 00E can produce a waste package good for at least 1000 years, that ought to be good enough.
The argument on the rate of release ALARA language is much the same.
No matter how low the leach rate of the proposed design is, there will always be scme further elaboration or scheme that can be proposed that may have a lower leach rate--and then the rule, with the ALARA language, blocks approval of an otherwise satisfactory design.
P. 39-42 The " adverse
..iattions" sections worry me.
I do not see why the presence of any of the listed conditions needs to be set up formally in the rule as a presumption that the proposed repository area is unsuitable.
These conditions, if present, certainly need examination and accounting for, but why cannot the rule say that instead of erecting them as formal barriers? I have tric', some alternate language for consideration, but am not sure I have cured the problem I sense in these sections. Again, discussion with the, staff at the coming meetings may help.
Finally, my apologies for handwritten markups cather than a retyped com-parative text.
I did get my new inserts typed, however (pp. 93, 29a).
For the rest of my changes, the hand-marking should make them easy to identify, if not to read. Translations will be provided without charge for the ones you find illegible.
Enclosure:
Oraft Rule cc:
SECY CGC CPE OCA OPA ECO J. Martin P. Cccella
r I
"(7590-613 h
- c.. s - e t NUCLEAR REGULATORY CCPNI55ICN 10 CFR part 60 Sucparts E, F, G, H DISPOSAL CF HIGH-LEVEL RADICACTIVE WASTES IN GEGLCGIC REFOSITORIES:
TECHNICAL CRITERIA AGENCY:
Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
ACTICH:
Preposed Rule.
SU.Y.YARY:
The NRC is publishing prepesed amend =ents which specify technical criteria for disposal of high-level radicactive wastes (HLW1 in geclegic re:csiteries.
The proposed criteria acdress siting, cesign, and performanca of a geologic repcsitcry, and tne design and performanca of the package wnich contains ne waste within :ne geclegic rt:csitcry.
Aisc included are criteria for monitoring and testing pregrams, performance confirmation, quality assurance, and perscanal training and certificaticn.
\\So CATE:
Comments received after [-GG-days aftar publication] will te cen-A sidered if it is practical to de se, but assurance of consideration can-nus ce given except for ccaments received en er before this date.
ACORE55: Writtan ecmments or suggestions en tne proposed amendments shculd be sent : the Secretary of the Nuclear Regulatory Cecmissien, Wasningten, D.C. 5C555, A::antion:
Ccckating and Servics Eranen.
1 Enciesure A
(7050-01]
Ccpies of c:mments may be examined in the U.S. Nuclear Regulat:ry Ccmmis-sien Pubife Occucent Reca, 1717 H Street NW., Wasningt n, D.C.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATICN CONTACT:
Frank J. Arsenault, Direct:r of the Divisica of Health, Siting and Wasta Management, Offica of Nuclear Regu-latory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatery Commission, Washing :n, D.C.
20555, Telephone (301) 227-4250.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFCRMATICN:.
Backercund On Decemcer 5, 1979 the Nuclear Regula:Ory C:mmissicn (Ccemissicn er NRC) published f:r ::= cent procesed pr:cedures for ifcensing geclogic discesal of high-level radicactive wastes.
The ficansing precedures were pubitshed in final form en February 25, 1981 (a5 FR 13971).
On May 13, 1950 (15 FR 313c3) the C:mmission puolished for c:mmant an Advance Nctice of (ARFM Prepcsed Rulemaking concerning technical critaria for requiating disposai of high-level radicactive wastas (HLW) in gec1 gic repositories.
Included with the advance notice was a draf t of the technical criteria under ceveicp-ment by the staff.
The pub 7fc was asked :: provida c: ment on several issues
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discussed in the advance notice and to reflect on the draft tachnical cri- ~
teria in light of that discussion.
The comments received were numerous and covered the full range Of issues related tc the tachnical critaria.
The
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technical critaria being preccsed here refiect scme changes from the ANPR made in c:nsideration of those c:mments.
The Commissicn has precared an analysis of the c:mments which explains the changes made ft,m the ANFR,
'h and intencs : publish scen the c:mments and tne analysis as a NUREG document. A draft Of this NUREG has been placid in :ne C:m.7'u'sn's Futlic Occument Accm fer review.
1 0
2 Encicsure A
4 (7590. :
Tne technical criteria being set forth nere as proposed rulemaking are a result of tne C mmission's furtner eff:rt in regula !ng ge:1:gi:
disposal of HLW cy ne Department of' Energy (00E).
Tne rationale fo.'
i+4 the performance c:Je: ises and Environmentai Im;a:: Assessment sa::orting A.
inis rulemaxing are ais Oeing ouclisne se: ara:91y an are available free of enar;e u en written recuest to Frank Arsenault a One accve accress.
(sise sysiisbie-fn-tne-5 mmission's-?::isc-E'::= ment-Reem-]
In ceveiecing nese criteria we have not reexamined OGE's programmatic cacice of disposal tecnnoic;y resulting f rom fis Generi Envicercen al Impa:: Statement, inasmuen as the Commission nas ex:ressly reserve: untia later -ime ce s s i:*i t ::nsiceratien of matters wf:hin :ne s:::e of na:generi sta emen:
(al FR 70403).
Ac:Orcingly, tne technical :riteria a:;1y only :: cis:csa' in geolegi: re:csi:Ortes anc := nc accress ::ner :cssi:le er ;c e--fa*
cis:esal me hecs.
Similarly, in :nat CCE's current plans call for cispcsal at sufficient ce: n :: be in tne area termed :ne saturate :ene, tnese criteria were develc:ed for dispcsal in saturated media.
Acditional er alternative criteria may need to be develeped for regulating dis:csal in
- ne nonsa uratec or "vacose :ene".
Autnerity Sections 202(3) and (4) cf the Energy Recrganiza-icn Act of 1374,
'as ame~nced, provide the Commissicn with licensing and regu'atory authority agarding OCE facilities used primarily for the receipt and storage of hign-level radicactive wastes resulting frem activities licensed under the At:mi:
Energy Act and certain other long-term HLW st: rage f acilities Of :ne OCE.
1 1
Pursuant to that auth rity, the Commission is deveicping :riteria a: propria a
The requirements anc
- riteria ::ntained in this propcsed rule are a result of :nat effort, i
4
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[7550-013 Aelation :: Generally accli:aele 5:ancares for Raciation in :ne Environment Estaeltsnec ov ne invironmental A*otection Acenev The Environmentai Protection Agency (EPA) nas tne autnerity and respen-sibility,f:r' setting generally ap lica:1e stancares for radiation in the env i ronme r.t.
It is :ne rescensisility of ne NAC to implement those stancares in f s. licensing actions and assure that tne puoli: nealta and safety are protectac.
Altacugn nc EEA stancard f:r dispcsal-cf HLW yet exists, these pr:pesee technical criteria fer regulating geologic disposal of'HLW have been ceveloped :: :e c:mpati:le -1:n a' generally'acclicable environmental stancarc.
Scecifically, ne :erforman:e c:Je: ives anc
- riteria sotak :: One fun::icnal elements Of ge:10;i,: disposal of HLW -
and the analyses recuire :: give ::nficenta :na: ihese functiona elem'er.:s will perf:r as'intence.
Oisru:tive Pr: cesses an Events The NAC's imslemen:ing regulations assume :na: licensing cecisions will De based,.in part, en the results Of analysis of :ne : nsequences Of processes anc events wnicn pctentially c:uld disrupt a recesi: ry.
9 inus, througneut tne criteria are requirements that the design basis take into ace:unt processes and events with the potential te disrupt a geologic rece s i to ry.
If the crocess er event is anticipated, f.e.,
likely, then a.
tat design basis requires barriers which would not fail in dug 6 way tht
^
would result in the repositerj\\s net meeting ije performance ecjectives.
y Anticicated erecesses and events would incluce suen items as waste rock interact' ens that result frem emelacement of the wastes er the cradual coterieristien of berehele seais.
Other Orecesses and eve:tts in :nis l
cate; cry are excected :: be site anc design soecific anc woule te icen-ifiec 4
Enciosure A l
[7590-013 ev COE in its license a: tication.
If tne Or :ess or event is unlikely, ther the overall system'must still limit the release of radionuclides
-], rensiste.-
64, ^-y' *A ke f*u4% e.,&h.
with the E8A standa-- '--
(\\
Pu1:!:le Barrie-s The pre csed technical criteria were devel pec not only wi n tne uncerstanding that EPA's generally applicatie environmental standar:
wduld need :: te im:lemented, at least in part, by perf:rming calcula-tiens to preciet performance, :ut als: Witn tne knowlecge tha* some of nose calculations *culd be ccm: lax anc uncer ain.
Natural sys ems are Offficul
- :naracteri:e and any uncerstancing.?..-the site witi nave
. c sig-i'i ar-I f -i ta t f =n s, anc un:e r..ri.
l e s :.Tne s a O r :e r f e s wni:n :e rta i r.
10 sciatice Of HCa are :ifficuit measure anc ne measurements wni:.*,
are mace wil' te su je: to several scurces of errer and uncertainty.
ine anysi:ai anc enemical processes wnica isciate tne wastas are nemselves varied and com lex.
Furtner, those crecesses are especial 1y di'ffeul-to uncerstand in the area close to tne emplaced wastes because inat aret is pnysically land enemically disturcec by 5he heat generated by tncse wastes.
However, a neciogic repository consists of engineerec 'ea ures as
~
'wefl as the natural geologic environment.
Any evaluatien of re:csit ry perf:rmance, theref:re, will consider the wasta form and Otner enginee-ing wnien is elemental to tne re:csit ry as a sys em.
By partitioning of the engineerec system in tnc major barriers, -he waste package and the uncer;rcund #acility, and estaclishing performance objectives for eacn, the Commissicq has sougnt te ex:left the ability t: design the engineered 5
Enclosure A
o I
.t (75so-c;]
~
features te meet speciff: Derf:rmance o0jectives as ~a means f reducing some of the uncertainties in the :alculations Of Overall re:: sit:ry perfo rmance.
In addition, :ne requirements for containment, contr:11ec reiaase rate, an: 1000 year gr:unc-a er transi: -ime are : ares cri e-ia wni:n a:: inceben:-
ently Of the overall reposit:ry :erfermance :: previce conficence :na tne
-astes will be isolated at least for as long as they are most ha: arc:us.
C:ntainment anc *selation Ouring :ne firs several nuncred years feli: wing em:1acement of the was;es. :::n :ne' racica:tivity Of anc :ne neat genera:ec Dy the was as are a: ributacle mainly t: :ne cecay of ne secr -li%ed nuclices, primarily fission Or:du::s.
At aceut one ncusanc yea s afte em:laceme- :::N tre "a:4:a::tv4 ty an: neat generated have ciminisne: :y a; c.
nrai cr:a 1 cf magnitud*.
As the cecay Of :ne long-livec isc:::es, rimarily actinices, begins :: ccminate, both the racicactivity and thermal cutsu: ef :ne wastas P
- entinue :: fall until almes: one hencred th:usand t: One million years after emelacem'en.
By nat time both have ciminished by about 5 ceders of magni uce anc :oth neat and radicactivity tec:me r:ugnly cor.stant cue s
- the ingrowtn of caughter iso:: pes, primarily Ra-225, Ra-225 and their bs A
caugnters.
The technical criteria would require tn'e engineered system :: be cesignec s Ona tne wastes are centained wi nin the was e package fer the first thousanc years fo11 ewing em=lacement.
Fail: wing this peried, c:ntainment is ne longer assumed and the function.cf :ne waste package and underground f acility is Oc control the rele'ase of radf =nuclices fr:m the undergr und facility.
By requiring c:ntainment during the perice e
4 6
Enclosure A
[7590-01]
wnen. the tnermal conditions around ne waste pa:kages ar's mest severe, evaluation of re csitory performance is greatly sim:11?iec :: conside stions of the cegree of conservatism _in the containment cesign relative :: events and processes :nat sign; affect the perf:r ince curing na ::n ainment cericc.
Altnougn :: n :ne.acica:-tvity of anc neat generate: by the decay of :ne wastes have diminished a out 3 orcers of magnitude during tne containmen; ceriod, tne area surrounding ne em lace: wastas will not return c tem =eratures near nese efere One -astes were em lacec until after a ut 104 years.
As mentiene: ea-lier. ne tae-mai distur:ance of 9e area nea-tne em laced wastes accs signif t:ar. iv,t: ne encartair-ties ir ne caiculation of the trans:or; cf One acicisote:es nr:ugn
=:.... : -
- ne ge:10;f: env i r:nme -:.
Tne ta:nnica: criteria are intence: :: ::m:e -
sata for uncer ainties Oy im csing furtner cesig. requiremen s en na waste package anc uncerground f acility, there:y limiting ne seur:e term by controeiing the release rate.
Rele of tne Site The Commission neitner intencs nor ex:e::s eitner containment :: be lost ccm letely at 1,000 years following emclacement or ne engineerec system's ::n ributi:n tc the centrol of ne release of -as as : cease acructly at seme later time.
Hewtver, the Commission recogni:es that at seme :cint :ne cesign ca:a:fif-fes of -he engineerec system will be lest and tnat tne geol:gic setting--tne site -mus previce the isclation of the wastes fr:m he environment, and has translatec this recuirement into a performance Objective f:r the geologic se -ing.
The Commission als re :gni:es :na.: isclation is, in fact, a ::ntr:11ed release :: :ne O
e 7
Enciesure A i
e
.4
[7590-013 envir:nment unien ::vid span -"- --- b, incusands of years, and tna:
A.
- the release f racisiset::es, and Ine Octential ex:csures :: individuals which coulc result, snould ce addressec in the evalua:!cn of a repository.
A comclement Oc :ne evaluation of the effe :s of design basis processes anc events wnica mign: cisru:: :ne recosit:ry is a : rejection of new. :ne
. rt:csitor, un ertur:ec y discrete external events, will evc1ve tnr:ugn
- ne centuries as a result of the geologi pr: cesses c:erating at tne site.
Hence, an amencment is being : reposed to :nat pertion of Su:part S cf 10 CFR
- srt 50 we.i:n ces: rites tne centents of tne Safety Analysis Re:crt Of CGE's-a::licatics. fer geologic cis:csal of HLW *ni:n -cui: re:uire CCE :: ei'i]
Orejet;Ne ex:e:ted :erf:rmance of :ne :r:: ss:,,e c,1 ggi :.re:csitory,qcti g g
- ne rates anc cuantities of ex:ected releases Of racicise: Opes
- ne accessi31e environments as a function Of t:1,
(- src-ffi estimstt
.e;y maxim:n-incivid:si-::Ses-t:-n: mens-wr.ita-:::i: its:it-fr:m-tnest-eiteses-2 Retrieva:ility Tne licensing pr:cecures of 10 C.:R ? art 50 -ere written assuming tsa
- nere wculd :e a =r: gram of testing and measuremen Of ne tnermal..
meenanical, anc enemical crecerties of the major engineered carriers ::
confirm tneir ex ected performance.
The Commission would like to tie the requirement f:r retrievacility of :ne wastes :: :ne ex:ec ac time neeced to execute the performance 00nfirmation program.
Hewever, at present it accears :: the Cohmission that neitner the s:ecific nature nc- :ne peried needed for execution Of tne performance confirmation program will be certain until c:nstruction of :ne recesi.tery is tubstantially' colete; tha-is, until the actual licensing t receive wastas a a ;e:10gic recesit:ry.
Hence it is difficult a :nis time t: use. ne performance : nfirmation pr: gram as 8
Enclosure A
[7590-01:
a casts for establishing a ceriod of retrieva:ility.
Ncnetneless, the OCE is now making critical cecisions regarcing One design of geologic reposit: ries wnich will have a direct effect upon how long tne Option to retrieve wastes can be maintained, and up:n the difficulty wnien will be encountered in exercising tnat option, snoul: that be necessary for protec-ion of the publi:
nealtn anc safety.
Inerefore.:p:u'd.t.(s.A M,O T*4. h M io f
i r-*--4-'
- tte,s.ne propesec rul sets forth a recuirement that the engineered system be cesigned so tnat tne cotion te ret-ieve the waste can be preserved for u; : fif ty years following ccmcle-tion of em:lacement.
Inus, the waste ;a:kage any %
the uncergr:und fa:fif y
-A pun. % 'I\\fv.iana0+
w:uld be cesignec se inat : :
- li.
- ___.-
- - -3ul: 30- te tne cete--
minant of wnen the Commissien would de ice wnether t: permit clesure of tne re: sitory.
Rather, the Commission woule :e assure: cf the c: tion to let tne ::ncu:t f tne :e-formance ::nfirmati:n cr:gra-incicate -ner it is a:: ::-iate : make suen a cecision.
In : articular, tne Commissier is concernec that the thermo-mechanical cesign of the uncergr:und facility Oe such that access [tne ::enings] can be maintained until the Ocmmission eithe-hE b
k ce: ices.ccermanentp> clos
- ne repository or :: take ::rrective acti:n, wnter may incluce retrieval. 2:
- - ' : :- :p- --
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The retrievability requirement does not specify the form in wnien
). $ 4.
tne. wastes are to be retrievable or that wastes-[ y] are "readily retrievacle."
The requirement is simcly tnat all the wastes by retrievable during a.
perice equal to the period of construction and empla:ement.
The 00E's plans for retrieval are specifically requested as part of its license-acclication.and the practicability of its procos,al will be ::nsicerec by 1
the staff.
Waste may be retrieved uoon NRC accrevai of a 00E a Clication or ucon order ty NRC.
e e
9 Enclosure A
i insert to o.9 As it is now structured, the rule would require in effect that the respository design be such as to pemit retrieval of was a ::ackages.for a period of up to 110 years.
The components of tnis total ::eriod are as follows:
the first waste packages to go in the repositcry are likely to be.in place thirty years before all wastes are in place; thereafter, a fifty-year period is required by the rule; finally, a retrieval schedule is suggested of about the same time as the original construction plus emplacement operations--another thirty-odd years.
Since it is probably not practical to adjust the retrievability cesign aspects of the reposi-tory according to the order of emplacement of the waste packages, the 110-year requirement will apply to all of the wasta.
The Cc=issicn is particularly -interested in coments en the degree to which this requ' ire-ment will-govern the themal and mechanical-design of the repository and on whetner some shorter period would be adequate or whether there are other ways than an overall retrievabilit; requiremen :: preserve cptions t,cfore ?ermanent closure.
The Comission does not want to approve,
construct'on of a design that will foreclose unnecessarily r; ions for future decisionmakers, but it is also concerned that retrievability requirements not unnecessarily ccmplicate or dominate repository design.
i i
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u
6
[7590-01]
Human'*ntrusion Some concern nas :een raisec on :ne issue of numan intrusion in c a geologic repository.
Human intrusion could conceivaely oc:ur ef:ner inacvertently or ceiicerately.
Ina verten: intrusion is One a :idental Crea:ning of the re:osit:ry in :ne esurse Of some activi y unrelata: :
tne exis ance of ne reposit:Py, e.g., exs10 ration for or deveic; ment of-resources.
For inaevertent int usion to occur, :ne institutional con rcis.
site marxers, publi: rec rds, and societal memory of ne repository's
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a N
f e
9ks
[7590-01]
existence must have been ineffective or have ceased to exist.
Deliberate or-intentional intrusien, en tne other hand, assumes a c:nscicus decision to breach the repository; for example, in Order to recover the hign-level waste itself, or exploit a mineral asscciated with the site.
Histerical evidence indicates that nere is substantial continuity of information transfer over time.
There are numerous examples of knowledge, including c:mplex infermatien, being preserved for thcusands of years.
This has occurred even in the absence of printing and mcdern information transfer and storage systems.
Furthermore, nis information transfer has survived citruptive events, such as wars, natural disasters, and dramatic changes in the social and political f abric of societies.
N ccmcination of the historical rec:rd ef' inf:rmatitn 'transf'e?,7rtif fi~ ens f',.
for a well-marked and extensiv.ely, secume,q:44 site I: cati:n, and tha scale and technoicgy of the Opertti:n needec to crill ceecly enough : cenetrata a geologic recository argue strongly that inadvertent intrusion as describec accve is highly improbacle, at least for the first several hundred years during which the wastes are most hacardous.
Selecting a site f:r a repository which is unattractive with respect ts both resource value and scientific interest further acds to the improbability of inadvertent human intrusion.
It is also logical to assume that any future generation
- cssessing the technical capability to 1ccate and expicre f
- r rescurces at the depth of a repository would also possess the capability to assess the nature of the material discovered, to mitigate c:nsequences of the breach and to reestablish administrative c:ntrol over the area if needed.
Finally, it is incenststen: :s assume the scientific anc tecnnical cacacility to icentify anc excicre an ancmalous hea. source several huncrec meters beneath the eartn's surface and not assu=e that ncse ex:1cring l
10 Enclosure A t
[7590-01]-
would have scme idea of eith6r what af ght be the cause of the ancmaly or what ste::s to take :: mitigate any untoware ::nsequence of that exclcration.
The above arguments do not a::aly to the caso of deliberata intrusicn.
The repository itself ::uld be attractive and invite intrusien simcly because Of the rescur:e potential of the wastas themselves.
Intrusicn to rec:ver the wastas demands (1) kncwledge of the existence and nature of the repository, and (2) effort of :ne same magnituce as that undertaken to emplace the wastes.
Hence intrusien of tnis scr: can only be the result of a c:nscious, cellective societal decision to ree:ver the wastas.
In light of the above, the preposed tachnical criteria are written to direct site selection t: wards selection of sitas c' If t:1e rescur:a value.
Further, the prepcsec cri:eria would require reliable documenta-tion of the existance and lecition-ifSe# ~re;csitiry and the nature Of the wastas e.eplaced therein.
Intrusion for the pur;cse of sabotage or arr rf sm has also been mentioned as a ;cssibility.
However, due :: the nature of geciegic disposal, there seems to be very little pessibility tha: terrorists or saboteurs could breach a repcsit:ry.
Ereach c' the rescsitory would require extensive use of machinery for drilling anc excavating ever a considerable period of time.
It is hignly imerchable that a tarrorf s:
greuc ::uld ac: mplisa this ::vertly.
hk
~
Mafer reatures of tne Drecesed Rule 1.
Overall Oescri;;ien The proposed technical critaria have been writ an : accress the
\\\\s
'clicwing:
perf:rmance Objectives and recuirements f:r siting, :esign and ::nstructi:n of the re:csit:ry, : e wasta ;ackage,
- nff mation cf reces! :ry perf rmance, quality assurance, and One training anc U
E*.Clcsure A
%\\wL
%. q.
Relation to Other Parts of NRC Recu' ations The proposed rule contenplates that 00E activities at a geologic repository operation other parts of MRC r,s area may in apprcpriate cases be licensed under egulations and would then not be governed by these te:nnical criteria. We note, in this connection, that the scope secticn of the procedural rule specifically provides that Part 50 shall not apply to any activity licensed under another part.
This allcws an independent spent fuel stcrag'e ir.stallation to be licensed under Part 72, even though iccated at a geologic repository operations' arii ~~~ ~ ' " '
j (provided, of course, it is sufficiently separate to be classified as
- independent"). Other COE activities at the geclegic repository operations ' area could be ifcenseh~ unci'r Piris f0 or 70 if an exemation frem Part 60 is determined to be appropriace.
l l
i d
i l
[7590-01]
re:csi Ory erformance, cuality assurance, anc the training and certiff:atien of ;ersonnel.
As a:Or0 riate, tnese ::;ics are civided in turn to address separately requirements wnich a ;ly curing c:nstructien, waste em:lacement, and af ter :1csure of tne reccsitory-:ne latter termec ce:cemissioning.
A1:ncugn :ne licensing Or:cecures incicate taa: there would ce se:arate su:; arts for siting anc casign requirements, vi:.
Sut: arts E and F, res actively (cf. 560.31(a)(2)), the NRC new believes ina: 09e site anc design are se interce:encen that sucn a cistinction is artificial anc misleading.
7:r exam le, al:ncugh :ne recofremen-t lace tne uncerground facility a: a minimum ce::n of 300 meters is clearly a cesign recuirement, f-is manifesiac as a si. int,requireqen;_s.i.nce.unless One site nas a nos rock of sufficient nickness at sufficient ce::n,
- ne a:cve casign recuirement cann:: ce met.
Hence tne er::esec su::a - E
- 10 CFR 2a-- 60 contains Octn site anc cesign recuirements.
~
To enable tne C:mmission :: rea:s a finding as
- whe:ner the generally a: plica:1e environmental standard for cis:csal of HLW is met anc that tne public health and safe y will ce pectectac, a careful and exhaustive [ensiyses analysis of all the features of the recesitory v til te needec.
That analysis necessarily must be Octn qualitative and quant' tative.
The [anafyses) analysis cerformec can and will be largely cuantitative curing :ne eriod
. :na.: greatest reliance can ce placed upon the engineered system, uc to accut 10,000 years after closure.
Thereafter, althougn :ne issues of ::ncern, an. certainly the ;nysics Of a re;csitory itse, ce nc :nange, the numerical uncertainties begin to bec:me se large na calculations Oe :ce more indicative Of ex:ectac recesit:ry benavier rather than definitive Of actual per'Ormance.
Hence, suen calculations will be supplementac more heavily by qualitative s
O
.e 12 Enclosure A
[7590-01]
In sum, the technical criteria perform two tasks.
First they serve to guide COE in siting, cesigning, c:nstructing, and cperating a repost-tory in such a manner that there can be reasonable c:nfidence that the public healta and safety will be prc: acted.
Sec:nd, they serve to guide COE in those same areas in sucn a manner that there can be reasonable confidence that the analyses needed to de:armine whether the ;ucif healta and safety is protacted can be performed.
2.
Performance objectives The design and Operation of the repository are prescribec to be such tnat during the pericd that wastas are being emclacad and performanca assessed, ex:csure to workers and releases of radioactivity to tne environ-ment must be within limits set by the Commission and the E?A.
- Further, the reccsitory is to be designed so that the Option can be p;asarved t:
retrieve the emplaced wastas beginning at anytime up :: 50 years follcw-ing c:mpletion of emolacement.
Follcwing ;ermanent cicsure, the recest-tery must perform so that reitasas are within the limits prescribed by 4
the generally applicable environmental standard which will be sa: by the E?A.
Further, the cesign of the repository must include a wasta package and an underground facility, as well as the site, as barriers to radic-nuclide migration.
The performance of the engineered systam C*asta package and undergr:ene facility) fellcwing permanent cicsure is scecified to require centainment of the wastas within the wasta package for at least 1,000 years failcwing closure, when tamceratures in the repcsitory are substantially eleva:ac, and centr:1 of the release of nuclices t the ge:lcgih envir:nment thereaftar.
l l
Transuranic.asta (TRU) may be dis:csec of in a geol gic reccsit:ry.
$f ace transuranic wasta c es not generata si.gnifican amcunts of heat, i
13 Encicsure A m
r r
(7H0-01]
there is no acvantage to containment for any specified pericd.
- Hence, the requirement f:r TRU waste is simply a c:ntrolled release equivslent to'that for HLW, pr vided they are physically separated fr:m the HLW se that they wil not experience a significant increase in tamparature.
3.
Siting Requirements Althcugh no specific sita suitacility. or exclusion requirements are given in the critaria, stacility and minimum gr:unewater travel times are specified as required site characteristics.
In addition, the tecn-nical critaria identify sita charactaris:fes c:nsidered favnrable for a repository as well as charactaristics which, if present at the sita, wculd leac to a presumction that the site is act suitable f:r nesting a recesi: ry.
The Ctemissien has judged that these should ne be made absciute requirements because the impact of these characteristics en everali ;erformance oculd be sitt speci fic.
The Ccamissicn's acpreach requires that the ccmcinati:n of conlitions at the selected sia pr: vide reascnable assurance tha the perfor nance ecfectives will be achieved.
. urther, if adverse c:nditiens are i;.entified as being present, they mus: te thercughly charactarfred and analy:ed and it must be demonstratad that the c:nditions are c mpensated for by repository design er by favorable c:nditions in the gecicgic setting.
4 Design and Construction In addition to :he requiraments en designing f:r natural pnencmena, criticality c:ntrol, radia:f on protacticn, and affluen c:n:rci, One precosed tachnical critaria require the
.;. of the reccsitory c ace:m-x' medata potential intarac fon of the was;a, the undergr:und facility, and the sita.
Requirements are also placad u::en t.ie cesign Of the ecui: ment to to tsac f:r hancling the wastas, ne performanca anc cur:csa f :ne 14 Enclosure A
(7590-01]
i backffll material, and design and perfor::ance cf berehele and shaft seals.
Further, tnere are requirements relatec c the methces of c:nstructica.
The C:mmission beif eves such requirements are necessary t assure that the ability of the recesitory to c:ntain and isclate the wastes will not be c:mpr:mised by the constructica of the repository.
The proposed tecnnical criteria would require that the su surface facility be designec se that it could be c:nstrue ad and 0; era:ad in acccedance with relevant mining regulations, which specify design require-ments f:r cartain items of electrical and mechanical equipmen and govern the use cf explosives.
These critaria are a blend of general and detailed prescriptive requirements.
They'have been devele;ed fr:m Commissi:n ex;;erience and practica in tne ficansing of other-necisar-f acili-ies such as pcwer piants anc. fuel cycle facili:fes. While there are differencas in the systems and c:mponents addressed, these critaria from these of pcwer plants er Ye k fuel cycle facilities, and the critaria nave been writtan a:p curia:4 +e g
a geclogic repository, the prepcsed critaria represant a c:mmen ;:ractice based on experienca wnich has shcwn that the abcVe items need to be regulatad.
The level of detati of these critaria reflects the C:mmissi:n's current thinking cn hcw to regulate effectively geclogic disposal of HLW.
Mcwever, the C:mmission continues to examine other ;cssibilities f:r promulgating the scre detailed of these requirements. b" - bA SNz.
M
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5.
Waste Package The preccsed requirements for tne design of the wasta package
]
emenasi:e its role s a key c:::enent cf the Overail engineered sys sm.
Basices being recuired :: c:n:ributa :: ne ent.ineerec system's mee.fcq N a.sI m e w a ss9. E " - A k N M aIus. b.- L.ftu9a. M % L ws.Nn
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(7090-01]
containment and centrolled releasa performance cbjectives, both c mpati-bility with the undergr:und f acility and the sita and a methed Of uniqua identif t:ation are required of the wasta ' package.
Included in the sac-tien of the pr: posed tachnical criteria wnica deals with the wasta pack-age are requirements that the wasta form i self contained wi-hin the package be consolida:4d and ncn pyr pheric.
6.
Performance Confirmation The preposed technical criteria include requirements for a pr: gram of tasting and measurement.
The main purpcse Of this program is te c:n-finn the assumptions, data, and analyses whicn led to the findings that permitted c:nstruction of the repcsitory and su: sequent acciacament of the wastas.
Further, the perf:rmance c:nfirmation pr: gram includes requirements for monitoring of key geclogic anc nycroicgic ;arame:ers througneut site characteri:ati:n, c:nstruction, and emplacament :: detect any significant changes in the conci icns wnica su:per:ac :ne accve finc-ings during, or due to ccarations at the site.
Aisc includec in the pecgram would be tests of the effectiveness of herehcie and shaft seals and of backfill placement procedures.
e%
YA Ib '
REGULATORY FLEXI3ILITY CERT!?!CATICN:
In accordance with the Regula:Ory Flexibility Act of 1980, 5 U.S.C. 505(b), the C mmission herecy certifies that this rule will net, if pr:mulgated, have a significant econcmic imcact en a substanti_1 numcer of small enti:fes.
This procesed rule affects only the Decar: men Of Energy, and cces cc-f all wi-hin the purview of the Act.
15 incicsure A r
y
~
v
- ~.. - -
4 Alternative Accreach
'In the c urse of the Comission's deliberation, it beccmes evident that in ceder :c have confidence in the ability of a geologi:ai recesitory to contain and isolate the wastes for an ex: ended peri:d of time, the repository must consist of multiple barriers.
The Cocnission believes the uncertainties inherent in eliance on the geol:gical se:-ing alone are too grea: to te reconci, led in an adjudicatory pr: cess.
The Cccr.ission fur her believes the staff presump:icns :na: a resposit:ry wcuid consist of two major engineered barriers (waste packages and underground facilities) in addition :: the natural barrier Or:vided by the ge:Icgical se ing are correct and reasonable. Having reached these conclusions, the Ccmmission considers next whether er net and to wha-level of detail
- he perfemance criteria f:r a geological repository shculd be prescribed.
In :nis regard, the Ccanission ccnsiders the felicwing three ai ernatives':
1.
Prescribe a single overall :erf =ance s.andard -hat must be met.
The f:andare in this case would be ne EPA standard; 2.
Prescribe minimum perfor=ance standards for each of the =afer elements, in addition to requiring -he overali system to meet the EPA sandards; and 3
Detailed discus:icas en the advantages and disadvantages c? sach of these alternatives are civen in A :endix J :o C:nnission : ace-SECY-81-257, A:ril 27, i931 " We h ~?uf ~.
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3.
Prescribe detailed numerical criteria on critical engineering at ributes of the re;csi::ry system.
I Alternative 3 is considered overly res--1::ive en =e design flexibility and judged to be ina:pr:priate at this stage cf the techn:I gical develop-ment. Therefore, this Al ernative is quickly elimina ed as a viable regulatory approach.
The Alterna:1ve 1 has as its principal advantage the fac tha: i: provides vwe maximum fl exibili ty 1-d, :" _ :, ': :i' :- :: ine:r; crate and n a;;1y %
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Nowithstanding
- concern over i:s practicaif:/ in the regulatory framework, the Ccmission cannot a this time eliminate 1:
f*:n furtner consideration. The Cc=ission is, Oneref:re, specifically recuesting :ne general puclic, particularly those fr:m the :echnical cer munities, to ccrr:nent en this Ocint.
In relatien :: the firs and the third alternatives -hat are briefly discussed above, Alternative 2 appears :: Offer a reasona:le and practical c mpr: mise.
In addition to retaining the single overali performance standarc in Alternative 1 as the final performance objective, this approach es:ablishes the minimum performance cbjac-ives for each of the A
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Therefore, the proposed technical rule is established upon this apcreach.
It snculd be noted that, in the event : a: tne Ccmissien decides to adopt the Alternative 1 apprcach in the final rule.T.aking, portions of the propcsed rule (e.g., Section on requirements fer the geological
- I se::ing) wiuld have tc be further studied and possibly revised.
4 en 0
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4
[7990-01]
Pursuant to the Atemic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, the 5nergy Reorgani:stien Act of 1974, as amended, the National Envirenmental Felicy Act of 1953, as amendec, and sections 552 anc 553 of title 5 of the United States Code, notice is hereby given :nat adoption of the felicwing amendments to Title 10, Chapter I, Code of Federal Regulations is contemplatad.
1.
The authority citatien for Part 50 reacs as felicws:
Authcrity:
Secs. 51, 53, 52, 53, 55, 31, 151b.,
f.,
f.,
c.,
p., 132, IS3, Pub. L.33-703, as amended, 53 5 tat. 529, 930, 932, 933, 935, Saa, 953, 954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2071, 2073, 2092, 2093, 2095, 2111, 2201, 2232, 2233); Secs. 202, 205, Pub. L.93-433, 38 Stat. 1244, 12c5 (42 U.5.C.
~
5342, 5345); Sec. 14, Pub. L.95-501 (42 U.S.C. 2021a); Sec. IC2(2)(c),
Pub. L.91-190, 33 Stat. 353 (22 U.S.C. 4322).
2.
Section 50.2 is amended to read as failews:"
$50.2 Definitiens For the pur;cses of this Part--
- Accessible Envircement" means those certiens of th,e envircement directly in centact w'*.h or readily available for use bv human beines.
It includes the earth's atmeschere the land surface surface watars, and the oceans.
It also includes cresently usec cotable acuf fers and those wnich have been cesicnatad as underqrcund scurces of drinkinc wa ar by the 5nvirenmentai Pretac-fen Acencv.
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Comearative tax-in.nica caletice.s art st.uck arcugn and acditiens are uncerscerec has ceen usec fer ar procesec tmencmen s to Section 50.2, i
50.10, 50.21, anc 50.51.
7his it done f:r ne Ccemissien's convenience anc ccmcara-ive text will ac-te used in the Fece ai secis ar Nc-ice.
17 5nclosure A
n.-
j i
[7590-01]
"Anticicatec Precasses and Events" means nese natural crecesses anc i
events tha; a e reasonat v licely t: occua curing the erice tne intended cerformance ::iective must be achieved and from wnich the desicn bases for the en;inee ed system a e derived.
"Ba-rie " means anv material er structure tna: crevents er su:stan-tiallv celays movement of water :- radienuclices.
" Candidate area" means a geologi: anc nycroiegic system within which a geologic re::sitory may be 1:cated.
" Commencement of construc-icn" means clearing of ianc, surfaca er su: surf ace ex:avation, or ::ner su stantial a:tice na woul: a:verseiy affe : tne envir:nmen Of a si e, :u~ 00es n:- inclu.ce :na.nges cesirable f:r tne tem rary use of One lanc for pu lic recreational uses, si a :na--
a::eri:a-i:r a::ivities, 0 ner : rec ns ru::icn meni :rtn; a9: inves-ig!-
tion necessary :: esta iisn cacxgr:unc inf rmation relate: :: tne suita:ii-ity of a site er :: :ne retection of environmentai values, Or procurement er manufacture Of ::m enents of tne ge:1 gic re::sitory :erations area.
" Commission" means the Nuclear Regula cry Commission er its duly autneri:ec re:resentatives.
" Containment" means the (set-ef-kee:fre) confinement of radicactive waste within a cesignated boundary.
"Dec:mmissioning," or " permanent c1 sure," means finai backfiliing of sussurface facilities, sealing of shafts, anc de::ntamina fon anc cismantle-ment of surface'faciT.ities.
" Dis sa!" means the isciatien f radi: etive wastes fr:m the bies:nere.
e e
a 13 Enclosure A
r; (7090-01]
" Directer" means the Direct:r cf the. Nuclear Regula: cry Ccamission's Offica of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards.
"CCE" means :ne U.S. Department of Energy er its duly authori:ed represen*atives.
"Incineered systat' neans tne waste :ackaces and the uncercreund facility.
"Far field" ceans the Oce:fon of the ceciccic settine that Ifes beycnd the disturbed ::ne.
"Ficcdelain" means the Icwland and relativeiv fist areas adicininc inland and coastal waters including flecc rene areas of offshere islands and includinc at a minimum tha area subfect := a One cercent er creatar
~~
~
cnance of ficedinc in any civen year.
"Geclegic rescsi: cry" means a system [vnich-is-intended-t:-be : sed fer-er mey-be : sed] f:r the disposal of radicactive wastes in excava ec geologic (f:rmatiens] media. A geologic recesitory includes (1) the geologic repositcry operations area, and (2) the ceciccic settice.
" Geologic repository cperations area" means an HL'd f acility that is part of a geologic repository, including bc h surf ace and subsurface areas, where wasta handling activities are conducted.
" Geologic settinc" er " site" is the scatially distributed ceciccie.
hydroiccic. and cecchemical systems that Orevide isciatien of the radi -
active wasta.
"Hign-level radicactive wasta cr "HL'" means (1) irracia ac reac :r fuel, (2) liquid wastes resulting fr:m the caerati:n cf the first cycle selvent extracticn system, er equivaient, anc the c:ncentratac astas from sucsequen extracti:n cycles, er equivalent, in a facility f r recr: cessing 0
13 Enclosure A
-v
-~,-
<.m,
[75f0-01]
irradiated reacter fuel, and (3) sclids into wnich such liquid wastas have been c:nverted.
"HL'd facility" means a facility sucject to the licansing and reia ad regulatory authcrity of the C:mmission pursuant to Sections 202(3) and 202(4) of the Energy Reorgani:atten Act of 1974 (38 Stat 1214)."
" Hest reck" means the ceciccic medium in whi:h the wasta is emelaced.
"Hydroceciccic unit" means any soft er rock unit er subsurface rene that has a distinct influence en the sterace er cvement of creund natar by virtue of its crosity er ermeability.
"Imccrtant to safety," with reference t: structures, systams, and ccmcenents, means these structures, sys ams, and c:=cenents that provice reasonable assurance :nat racicacitve *asta tan be received, hancied, 2
and s:Ored withcut undue risk t: the health and safety of the puslic.
" Indian Tribe" means an Indian tribe as defined in the Indian Self-Cetarmination and Educatica Assis:anca Act (Public Law 93-538).
"Isolattend means inn'sitine the transecr cf radicactive material se that amounts and c ncentrations of such material entering the accessible environment wili be kect within crescribed limits.
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These are CCE " facilities usec primarily for the receip; and storage of hign-level radicactive wastas resulting fr:m activities licensac under sucn act i
(One A;:mic Energy Ac-)" and "Retrieva:le Surfaca Sterage Facili-f es anc c her f acilities autacri:ed fer :ne ex:ress pur:csa :f su secuen 1:ng arm st: rage of hign-level racicactive aastas genera:ad by ( CE), wnica are ic-used for, or-are ;ar: of, researca anc cevele: ment ac f vities."
20 inclosure A
, - l
i
]
': ~.
[7590-013 Mecium" or "ce01ect: medium"'is a becyis? rock enaracteri:ed by
- litnelegic nomeceneity.
"Oversack" mear-. any buffer materia' rece= aele. wraccer. =cx cc other structure.
nat is both within and an inte;ral cart of a waste.
caesace.
't encieses anc crotects the waste form. se as to meet the co-f:-mance : ie::ives.
"Puolic Occumen: ~Recm" means :ne place at 1717 H. Street NW.,
Wasnington, D.C.. at wnien rc::rds of the C:mmission will ordinarily :e mace avalia:la for :ucli: inspection anc ar.y ::ner :iace One 10:atice
- " wr :P nas eer. :uclisnec in :ne FEDERA'. REG *STEF., at wnien :ubli:
re::r:s of ne Ccmmissien pertainir.,
a :ar-icular,geoicgic re:: sit:ry are mace availacle for public inspectier..
...-=.--.:..
"Ra:f a::ise.as te" :
"was te' means MLW anc any :ner ra fea::ivt materials c ner nan HLW :na are receive: for em !acemen-in a ge:1:gi:
re:c s i to ry.
" Site" means ne ceciocie settine.
" Site characterization" means :ne pr: gram of ex:leration and resear:n, botn in :ne laboratory anc in :ne field, uncertake'n to estat-lisn :ne geologic concitions and the ranges ef-those parameters of a
- articular site relevant c the precedures uncer tnis part.
Sita cna.rac.teri:ation includes borings, surface excavations, excavation of ex:leratory shaf ts, limited suesurface lateral excav'ations and 50 rings,
~
anc in situ testing a-de: h needed to detarmine :ne suitability Of the sita for a geologic repository, but does nct include preliminary bcrings and geopnysical testing needed to decide 'ne ner sita enaracteri:ation i
shoulc be'uncer aken.
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" Transuranic wastes" cr TRU wastas" means radicactive wasta centain-inq alcha emitting transuranic elements, with radioactive half-11ves greater than ene -year. in excess of 10 nanecuries cer gram.
l'
" Tribal organi:ation" means a Tribal crganzation as defined in the Indian Self-Oetermination and Education Assistance Act (Public Law 93-533).
" Underground facility"'mesns the uncer;rcund structure. including coenings and backfill matarials, but exclucinq shafts. berencies, and their seals.
" Unrestricted area" means any area ac:sss to which is not c:ntr:11ed by the licensee for curcosas of Orctection of individuals from ex:csure to radiatien and radicactive materials, and any area used for residential cuartars.
" Waste fer." means the radic4etive-wasta matariai s and any enca:su-lating or stacilizinq matarials, exclusive of ::ntainers.
"Wasta cackage" means the airtient, watertight, saaled centainer which-includes the wasta form and sny ancillary encl:sures, including shielding, discrete backfill and evercacks.
3.
Section 60.10 is amended by adding paragraph (d) to read as fc11cws:
Ic0.10 Sita characteri:ation.
(a) Prior to submittal of an aqplication for a license te be issuec.
under this part the OCE shall conduct a program of sita characteri:stien with rescect to the sita to be described in such acclication.
i l
22 Enclosure A l
i
.l l
[7590-013
-05' !? ' ' t e. r e. et* t ' : : t ' a -
'O t.
........4
. T
- 4....'..;. :
- :en;-;: t'
t"*'
"a t-t '. ;....... ;;;,o.: '....-.;.,.... u. T
.....n e. ; ; t : ' : " d a "
' -- :::::: t ;
t..s e.....:
- 't;; '
- -'::i':-
(:) Unless tne C stission cetermines witn respect tc the si e cescri:e: in tne a: ll:ation that it is not necessary, site :nara:-
teri:ation snall include a program of in situ exploration and testing at ne ceptns that wastes wculd te emplaced.
(:) As :rovice: in 151.40 of this ena:te, OCE is als: re:uire:
to cen:c:t a Or: gram of site :naracteri:ation, including in sita testin; at ce:tn, with res:e: := alternative sites.
(c)
Ine crogram of site enaracteri:ation shall e :encuctec ir at:1r:49:e wi.n the f:llowinc:
(f)
Investications to Obtain the recuired information snail ce cen-cu ted to limit adva te sffects en the lonc-term cerformance of the geologi recesitory to the extent oractical.
(ii) As a minimum the location of exoloraterv borencies and shaf ts sna11 be selectec so as to limit the total numcer of sucsurface =ene ra-tions inove and around the underground facility.
(iii) To the extent cractical, exoloratory boreholes and shaf ts in tne
.;ecloqic recository ocerations area shall be located wnere shafts are Olanned for recositorv construction and oceration or wnere large ur, excavated =illars are clannad.
(iv)
Suesurface excloratory drillinc, excavation. and in situ testin; before and during eenstruction snail be clannec and coordinated witn recesit:ry design and construction.
M R
R R
R 4
e 23 Enclosure A
[7590-01]
a.
Paragra:n (c)(1) of $50.21 is amenced to reac as fellows:
$ 60. 21 Centen Of a::ii:ation.
(c) ine Safety Analysis Report shall incluce:
(1) A cescri: tion anc [an +ysis] assessment of tne site at wnien th's pr:::se: geclegic re: sitory 0cerations area is t: Se located witn appre-priate attention to these features of the site that mignt affect 'a:ility design and pertermance.
The ces riction of tne site shall iden*ify the Ifmits of the a::essible envir:nmen wi*h resce : to tne ietation =f ne ce:Teci: re: si :rv ::erations a ea.
t (il The cescri tion Of ine site shall aise in:1uce tne feil: win; in' -matien re;arcia; su: surface conciticas in tne vicinitv of tne rce sed unce ;r:u : fa:ilitv--
l.
(a) Ine crientation.
stricution. a:erture in-fill'in; an: Orici-
- fractures. Oise:ntinuities, and heteregeneities:
(_31 Ine cresence anc characteristics of other Octantial :atnways suen as solution features, breccia Oi:es. er other :ermes 1e anomalies:
(C) Tne ulk ce mechani:31 =re:ertfas arc concitions. includinc Ocre cressure and am:ient stress tenditiens:
(0) The bulk hycrececleci
=recerties and tenditions:
4
. ($) Th'e bulk cecchemicai crecerties; and a
(F) The antief:ated rescense (ensretteristfes) c'? the bulk ee:mechani:a hy:rece 1:Ci:. an: ge: chemical systems to tne taximum desi;n thermai ica:ine.
civen the :attern of fractures and other dis:entinuities and tne heat transfer er::erties Of tne rock mass and Orcunewatar.
T 0
e e
24 Enclosure A
~ - - -
,--e.,
y y -
-m
--w,,,
g-
[7590-01]
(ii) The assessment shall contain--
{Al An analysis of ne geology, ge:pnysics, hydrogeology, ge:cnemistry, and meteorology of tne site; (3).(Reetistic] Analyses (: sing-censervative ass =m;tions] :: determine 4
tne cecree to wnica eacn of tne faver3ble anc acverse conditions, if Oresent, nas been cnaracte-i:ed, and the extent te vnten it centricutes
- or cet-acts from isolation.
(C)
(A prefer-fen) An evaluatien of the ex:ected erformance of the crecosed ce logic recesiterv notine tne rates and cuantities 0 ex ectec releases of radicisctoces t the ac:essible environment as a functice Of tima.
see-estfestes-3-tne-ifte y-maximum-facivf:=si-::ses-w=4:n-:: ;t a
I res=3t-fre?-tnese-reiesses-In executin; this evaluatien 00E sna11 assume tsa tnese : recesses 0:eratine en the si e are tacse -nica have coe-eratin: en i t curing the Ouaternarv Perice and se:e-cese the ertur:ati:ns causec bv tne cresence of emelaced radicactive
. cn the natural :recesse:.
(D)- An analysis of the ex:ectad cerformance er (and] the major cesignstructures, systems,andcomdenents,bcthsurfaceandsubsurface,tna oear significantly en the suitacility of the geologic repository for dispesal of radioactive waste (with-respect-to] assur Inc the anticicated processes and events and natural chenomena from which tne cesicn bases are derived.
. For the cur:oses of this analysis, [i]it (wi++].sha11 be assumed that cperatier at the geologic re csitory cperations area will be carriec cut at the maximum ca:acity cnd rata of receipt of radioactive waste statad in the a: plica-icn.
(E) An ex:lanation of measures used to c:nfirm the models used te J
eerform the assessments recuirec in caracra:ns ( A) tareuen CJ).
Analyses and medeis that will be used te creciet future conditions and enances i-e e
i I
25 Enclosure A e
v
.,,m n-
-m-rr--- - - - - -
v--
+,e-------
I
[7590-013 the cool:ci: settin: snati be confirmed :v usine field tests, in situ tests. f **?p verified la:eratory tests. menitorin: ca a.
natural anaio:
~
studies.
4 5.
Paragracn (:)(3) of isC.2; is amende: :: reac as f 11cws:
(:) ine Safety Analysis Re:ce snail incluce:
=
=
(3) A cescription and analysis of tne cesign and cerf:rmance recuire-ments for stru: ures, systems, and m:cnen s of :ne gec1:gi: re: sit:ry ent:
a o is: rtant t: s a f et;..
(ine] inis analysis (em: evsf=e:f:r] snail consi e*--(') the margins Of safety un er normai consiti0ns a_nd.u.nt.e.r
- ccitions tna; may result from antief:4ted ::e-ational :::urrences, in:1u:19; :nese Of natural Origin; (ii) ene a:ecua:y f stru: ares, systems, an: ::m ener.:s Or:vice f:r :ne prevention of accidents an: mi-igation Of the consecuences of at:icents, incluc',g taase caused :y natural :nenemena; and (iii) ne effe :iveness of engineere: and natural carriers, inclucing carriers :na; may not be themselves a part Of the geciogic reposit:ry coerations area, against the release of ra:icactive material :: the environ-ment.
The analysis small also include a :m:arative evaluatien of alternative
- the maice desi:n features that are imecetant to radienuclide containment an isolation, with articular attentien t: the altarnatives nat woul: crevice Tencer radi:nuclide ::ntainment and isolation.
=
=
n n
=
6..
Paragra:n (c)(13) of 560.21 is amende: :: read as fellows:
(c) The Safety Analysis Re:ce: shall incluce:
=
=
B e
e 25 inclocure A
[79TO-01]
(13) An icentification anc evaluatien'of the natural resources at ne Mime 6 s4.h site, includinciandisceverse ce:esits, tne exti:itati:n of whi:h : uld affe::
- N the a:ility of tne site to isolate racicactives wastes.
Undiscovered
.a4 %,2'aA de osits er rescur:es chars:teristi: ef the area shall be :: ';:12: by as raasonacle inference casec en ce locical anc ceconvsical evicence.
Such*
evat uation of resources.includine undiscovered ce:esits. snail be conducts:
s for One cisturced ::ne and for areas of similar si:e na: are re:resentative of and are within the ceclecic settinc.
Fer natural resources witn current markets the res urces shall be assessed. wi:n estimates creviced of =ctn gress anc net valus.
The estima a e' net /alue shall take int: account current cevele:me.-t. extra ica anc marketine : sts.
Fer natural rescur:ed without cur en: markets. but whi:n =cule ce markata:la civen creci:ie 0 0_ie::e: :nancel f.P e:0 nemic er te: ncicefcal fact:rt. One rescu-:en sna
Oe ces:-ited by enysical facters suen as tonnace er ::ner amount. e ace. anc cuali y.
n
=
7.
Paragra:n (a)(2) of $60.31 is amended to read as fol. lows:
960.31 Construction authori:ation.
i n
n n
n n
(2) The site and design cemely with the criteria contained in
.Subcar:Cs) E (sne-F-ef-inis-sert].
n a
a a
n 3.
Paragra:n (a)(2) of $60.51 is amenced to reac as feli:ws:
360.5; License amendment :: cec:mmission.
s n
a a
n n
D e
27 Enclosure A
_.,,_y
._-.r
7 : 2.. s. *..i
.c (a)(2)
A detaffed description of the measures t: be em leye:--suen as 'and use ::ntrois, 0:nstruction of monuments, an: Oreservation of records--to regulate er prevent activities that eculd im air the iong-term isolation-of emplace: waste wi nin :ne gecl:gi: re:: sit:ry and to assure nat relevant information will e preserved for the use of futu e generatices.
As a minimum. suen measures sna11 incluce --
(i)
Icentification of the ceoleci recesitory : erations area by monuments that have been cesiered. fa:ricatec. and emelace: to :e as eamanent a~s is Pattica:1e: anc (ii) :laceme-: c' records c' :ne 10:atie c? ine ;e:10:10 re :sitcav c:erations area an ne na use anc ha:are e' tne -aste in -tne arertves c' local anc Fe:eral covernment a encies. an archives elsewne e in ne worlc.
tr.a woul: ce like'v : ce ::ssui te: ty :::ar.tini numar intrucers.
5.
New Su:: art E, "Tecnni:a1 Criteri a," Su::a- ? "?arforman:e.
C:n'irmati:n," Sub ar-G, "Quali y Assurance" anc Su: art H. " Training and Certiffeatica of Personnel" are acced :: 10 C.:R Part 50."
SUBPART E--DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADICACTIVE WASTES IN GECLCGIC RE?CSITORIES:
TECHNICAL CR!?CR!A rSeece) Purcose, M Mutua k 5'IAN.
550.101 A
\\
(a) Sub: art 5 of this cart Orescribes tne stancares "Or issuance of a Ifeense :: receive and :essess source. s ecial nuclear. Or byer: cut-materia' at a ceclecie recesit5ry ecerations area.
In :arti:ular 450.'if 1 recuires a
Com arative t' ext is neither neeced ner used ':r Sue: arts E, ?, 3, or M, ecause they are ::m csed entirely of new matarial.
23 Enciesure A
( < : 2 9 - u,,..-
a 'incine that ne issuance
" a license.fil net constitute an unre=sena:'e risk to the healtN and sa'ety O' the Outli:.
The Our$ be of t..is sub:aat
\\./
is to set out Seafe-mance 0$fectives and site a.nc cesien critcaia -nich, i' satisfied, wi!? succert such a "indinc of ne unreasonacle Pf;<.
-J:
.. c.
..s-..
4.
,....,44,4,,
2 e ta d _.._....f_4 2 2__=
a. d. c. _
^ -
.I ll
..a a..
. =........ a _.
- a..
1..e_
.e s.
.a.a..a.
W e
I
.z..
os.,
.u..
r.s<.
i.
...2.
....c.
...... ; = =, v c. c o.e r......... _. _......
.ms w,,
.w.
_. -... -..=.. :
.....a.
f A
.ss,..z
-.r.,.s.
r..
lvAA *k hd
.a s
(MA (51 Succart 9 0'
nis Saa* als lists 'i.9 dines. Mat must te made in su :c-t Of an autnori:ation : constreet a ce:10 i: re: sit:rv :erations area.
In :aatitu'ar. 650.31(31 eeuires a *incin that ine e is reasona::e assurance that tne tvees and amount; Of racicactive mate-ials cescri:ed in tne acclicatien'can be receive. =cssessee, anc dis:csec of in a recository of the cesien Or:cesec witneut unreasonable risk te tne nealtn an: safetv c' ine cuelic.
As stated in inat caracraen. in arrivinc at this ceterminati:n.
One Commission sill censicer wnetner the site and desien com:1v wi h the criteria ::n ained in this suecart.
Once again, -nile tne criteria may :e w=itten in uncualified terms, the demonstration e' : meliance may take
.unceatainties and caos in knowledce inte sce:unt, =revided that the Commissien can make the n ec 2c findinc ef rea sonacl e a s surance, 'sA.
-(=S'% h A (Ah M.;Y d <tt.IE b.
4 (a)
(This-s==: art ststes-tee ;erformerce-: jectives-t:-:t-e nieve:
anc-the-teenniesi-ri teri e-t:-:e-met-:7-the-35f-in-r:er-f:r-tee-semmi s-sien-t-maxe-tne-ficcings-:sifed-for-in-5:::erk-3-:f-inie-trt.;
4 O
e 29 Enclosure A
i
+
Insert to c.29 While these performance objectives and criteria are generally stated in unqualified terms, it is not expectec that rigorcus preefs that they will be met can or will be presented.
A reasonable assurance, en the basis of the record before the Ccomission, that tne objectives and criteria will be met is the general standard that is required.
For 160.111, and cther portions of this subpart that impose objectives and criteria for repository performance over long times into the future, l-there will inevitably be greater uncertainties.
Proof of the future performance of engineered systems and geologic media over time periods of a thousand or many thousands of years is not to be had in the ordinary sense of the word.
For such long-term objectives and criteria, what is required is reasonable assurance, based en the record before the Ccomission, that tne probable cutccce will be confermance with these objectives and criteria.
i e
4 WO I
W ee a
9 29a i
e 4,
[7090-01]
[(:t--ine-icemi s sien-wiii a::fy-the-te:nni':si-criteri:-in-th,is s::
- 4....g.
.,.44.
- 4.,............
4.9.
4.........
4.
14......,...
4 4
.. j.
any-smen: ment-:nere f-wiii-n=t ::nstit: e :ne:e risx-::-ine-hesign sad 4
$3. g.... J...,.....s.4.,. 1
.j g..
e (e
3..:,e.:.. 4.33. n.
2.:.:..:s.....:...........:..:...
2..
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4 g
.-is-s:::n :-in-msking-determinations wite-resse:t-::-:ne-is s:ance c'-t-conste::sfon e: n=ri:stien-]
((ci--6missiens-in-this-s:b;tr:-d:-n=t-?tiieve-39E-from-:ne re::frement
.e.....
4.
4.
,.,.. 33
.y...e.....<.......
4.
4..,
44....e.
4.:.2....-
y..
! :.;;; Conce;;s.
(a) Ine HL'a "a:ility.
NP.: exer:isas licensing an: relatec regula:Ory auta:-i y ever :nese 434..
33 33..<.
.. in. 3,.
- 4.... t "v 2 (.' ' a...d ( ' ). ' *... e.:n e.,/- n e.-,.a n i..= -
-ion A: O f 137:.
Any O' these fa:ilities is designa e: an HL 's:ili:3 (t) Ine geclegic ree site y coe-sti:ns area.
(1) Inis cart deals with tne exer:ise Of autnerity witn res ect t:
a particular : lass of HLW facility -- namely a geoleci: recesi :ry :: era-tions area.
(2) A geologic recository aparations area consists o' these surface and su: surface areas that are cart of a geolocic recosi:Ory where racicactive
. was,te. handling activities are conducted.
The uncer round structure, inciucing s
- enings and cack'ill materials, bu: excluding shafts, borencies, and their seals is designated the uncer; :und 'acility.
[ s.:.. :... 4..,..,...,..,e.:..,4...... 3............s.
4...<
s, h.
8 e
30 En:10sure A
[7530-01]
(tit] [1] Ine exer:ise of C mmission autnerity re;uires that tne geologic re:esitory c: era-icns area ce use: f:- st: race (-nien incluces discosal) Of hien-level racica: ive wastes (HLW).
((133 {fl HLV includes irradiated rea:::
fuel as weil as reer: cessing P
was es.
However, if OCE proposes to use ne ge:icgic recesitory opera-ions area f:r storage of radicactive waste c ner inan HLW, ne storage of nt s racicactive -as e is sucject to tne recuirements of this part.
Thus, ne storage of transuranic- :ntaminated waste (TRU), thougn no: itsel f a form of HLW, mus conform :: :ne recuirements of this part if 1-is s cre: in a i
ge:1:gt: re:: sit: y opera-i ns area.
I. f d t '.( _:_)Areas ac_fa:en: :: :ne cecleci: recesit:ry ::eratiens a ea.
)
Altneug-ne a:-fvities subje : :: regulatten under -his car are ncsa :: De carrie: cu a: ne geciegi: re: site.y ::erations area, nt li:e'esing cre:ess aisc censicers enara: eris-i s Of adjacent areas.
- First, inert is t: ce an area, wi nin wni:n 00E is to exercise s:ecified ::n rels
- prevent acverse human a:tions.
Second, :nere is a larger area, casign-ated :ne ceolooic settinc or site wnien incluces tne s:atially districuted geologic, ny:rciegic, and gecchemical systems tnat provida isolati n of the radioactive waste frem the accessible environment.
Tne cecicci recesitory eeerations area plus the ceclecie settinc make u: the geclogi:
repc s.i to ry.
Witnin :ne ceciccic settinc, particular attention must be given to the characteristics Of the host rock as well as any rock units surrounding :ne hest rock.
(fe31 (d)
Staces in the licensinc = recess.
[The] There are severai staces in licensing process. Ctakes-in I
a :::nt-setivities-and ;r: ess es-ins -.sy-::::r-ever-s-f =ng-spsn-:3-ti-a
~
The site characteri:stien s age, thougn begun bef:re sub tissi:n of a l
I t
I I
t 3.
Enc 1:sure A
(7590-01]
Itcense a: plication, may result in consecuences recuiring evaluation in the license review.
Tne cons ruction stage -cuid f 11cw, after issuance of a constru: tion autneri:ation.
A perice of c erations f:llows the issuance =f a license by the Commission.
Tne perice
- ::erations incluces ne time curing =nich e :lacement of wastes
- urs; and any sucsecuent
- eri:c :-ice to permanen: clesure during wnien :ne em:la:ec wastes are retrievatle; anc cerm.nent closure, which incluces final backfilling of suosurface facilities, sealing of shafts, cecontaminating anc cismantling of surface facilities.
Permanent :lesure re: resents tne end Of a::ive numa.. a: :vities wi r :ne geclogi:
recc :: a:nieve iscia.icn.
Tne rignts of ne 00E me take the form of a:Orceriate cessesscry interests, servitudes, or witncrawals frem location or patent under ne general mining laws.
AC0!TIONAL RE;UIREMENT5 FOR THE GEOLOGI: SET!NG i 50.122 Faveracle concisions.
~
Eacn of the fc11cwing conditions may con rie t'e te'the a:Tii'-9 hf J
' :ne gec1cgic setting t: meet t.ie e_rfpr.m_a0:e.::je:tivas reisting t: 15:12-
_ _ tier of :ne was e.
In a::1-icn :: meeting :ne manca :ry recuiremen s c' 550.112, a ge:1egic se ting sna!! exnici an a:pr::riata bmcination Of nese conci-icns 50 tnat, ::ge ner wi:n :ne engineerec system, the favora:ie cencitions =resen; are sufficient : Orovice reascna:ie _assurtnce na-such perform'ance cejectives will me me' (a) The nature and rates of te::eni: : recesses that nave occur ec since the start of the Quaternary Period are such that, when Oreje:ted, ney wcule not affe:: er would favora:1y affect the ability of the ge:1cgi i
recesitory to isolate the waste.
(b) The nature and rates of structural preca ses that have Occurre:
since the start of the Quaternary Period are suen tnat,
' nen Orejected,
=
they would net af fect Or would fa7erably affect the atility of the geologi:
repository to isciate One wasta.
(c) The,na*.ure and rates of hycrogeclogical peccesses tha have ec:urred since One star cf tne Quaternary 8eriod are suca that, when
+
27 Erc1csure A
. i
[7590-01]
Orejected, they woulc not affect er -ould favora:ly affect the acility of the geclegic 'recesitory to isolate the waste.
(d)
Tne nature and rates of geochemical processes ina nave Occurred since the, start of the Quaternary Period ara suen :nat, wnen projected, they would not affect c would favora:ly affe: :na a=ility of tne geologic recesitory :: isolate tne waste.
(e) Tne nature and rates of geomorphic pr: cesses tnat have ec:urred since One start of tne Quaternary Period are such that, wnen projected, they would not affect or would favorably affe tre a:ility of the ge010gi:
re:csi Ory :: isolate na *aste.
(f3--A-4 w ; ::isti:n-censity-(f) [fg3] A best r::k that previces tne fellowing grounc wa e-
- na a::e-!stics (1) low grounewate : ntent: (2) inni:its groundwater
- ir:ulati:n in :ne nes: re:k; (3) innitits gr:undwate-flew betweer nycroge:10gi units er along snafts, crif s, and :crencits; anc (1) greur.:-
?
wate-travel times, uncer pre waste emplacement :nci-icns, between :ne A.J k 4 M [a.C O.
uncergrounc facility anc :ne accessiele env'ironment tha
- , ^b excee:
1.000 years.
(g) [fn3] Gecenemical concitions tha: (1) pr mete precipitati:n er sception of radienudlices; (2) inhjbi: the formation of particulates,
. col.lotes, and inorganic and organic comolexes that increase the mecility of radienuclides; and (3) inhibit the transport of radi0nuclides by particulates, lloids, and ::cplexes.
(h) (fi33 Mineral assem:lages that, wnen subjectec anticipated thermal loading, 111 remain unaltcred or alter to minerai assemblages having increased ca:act:y := inhibit [wsste: ra'dieneci'cemigration.
O e
38 n:1:sure A
~
a e
r (7590-01]
(1) (fjt] Concitions tna: :ermit the em:lacement of -as e at a minimum ce::n of 3C0 meters from ne gr und surfaca.
(The grounc surface snail ee ceemed ::
e One eleva. fen of the 1: west point on the surfa:e acove the,cisturned zone.)
(j) (tit)] Any local c:ncitten of :ne cistur:ec :ene tna. :entri:utes
- isola:icn.
150.123 Potentially acverse conditions.
Tne following are :otentially adverse cenditions.
The presence of any such :enci tions will y ' h.e. ew@ A.Q;' s A. M hv.4.
o4 H :: :..;
- c;
- --'- '::' W ;
_, A.ko......__* Q h__._f %.
% M we-m w
4 m_._
(a) Acvease conditicas in :ne cec 10ci: settine..._,_._._.
ua%s e.Wwn.aA A
s (1) Potential for failure ofiman-Made surface water im:cun: men s
.- h.:-. __. :..
na: c:ule cause ficc:ing of :ne geologi: *ecesiteay oce a-4:as saea (2) 70:antial, casec en existing ge:1:gi: and nycr:1cgi: ::ne'-
b
.10ns.
na;geonstruction of large-scale su-f ace water im:cunements may significantly affe : the geologic re:ository nrcugn changes in the regional grouncwater flew system.
(3)
Potential for human a :ivity t significanf.ly affer.t :ne geologic repository througn cha the bycrogecicqy.
This activity isnr.Ifmitedto'$roundwaterwitncrawal, extensive incluces, cu:
irrigation, subs uface injection of fluids, underground pumoed stor-
+*
age f acilities, uncerground mili.ary a *.ivity, or mining.
h)
Eartneuakes *nien nav: Oc' urrec nist:~icaliy tna-if ney ere to ce repeatec ceuic af fect ne geclogic recesit:ry significan.ly.
(5) A fault in tne geclegi: satting nat nas :een active since tne s art of tne Quatarnary Peri:d anc -nien is ai.nin a distance :f.ne cistur:ec
- ne.na is.less : nan :ne smalles; cimension of ne fault ructure surface.
(
39 Enclosure A
C7590-01)
-(5) Potential for adverse impacts en :ne geclogi: re:csit: y resulting from the oc:u:ancy ar.c modification of floed;1ains.
(7) P :ential for natural pnenemena such as landslices, su sidenc'e, or volcaa.,fc activity of such a magnitude tha-large-s: ale surface water it:ouncmen s ule be create: na ulc affe:t ne performance of tne geologi: re:csi cry :nreugh enanges in the regional gr:un: water ficw.
(3) Ex:ected climatic changes that woulc have an acverse effect en
- ne geologic, gecenemical, or hydr:1cgic characteristics.
(b) Acverse conditions in tne dis ur:e: :ene.
For tne Our:cse Of cetermining ne resente c' :ne following :endi-tiens(-) witnin :ne cisturce: : ne. investications sneule fis-ass:me:-t )
ex ene 13 the greater of eitner its :ai:uiete: exten: Or a neri: ntal cistance e ' 2 (.T ' rem :ne limits c' :ne uncerge:un: 'a:11 f :> an: fr:e :ns su ' ace ::
a ce::n e' 500 meters below :ne limits of ne e::si ry ex:ava-icn.
(.)
Evidence of subsurface mining for res:ur:ss.
(2) Evicence of drilling for any pur;ose.
(3) Resourcas that have either greater gross value, ne value, c-
~
commercial :otantial than the average fer ctner representative areas of similar si:e nat are representative of and locatec in the geologic setting.
(4) Evidence of extreme erosien curing :ne Quaternary Perice.
(5) Evidence of dissoluttening of solu le rocks...
(6) The existence of a fault ina: has been active during the Quaternary Pericc.
(7) ?::ential for creating new cathways for racienuclice migra-ion cue ::
presence f a 'ault or fracture :ene irres:ective Of the age of last movement.
i (3). Structural deformation sucn as unli't, sucsidence, fe'.ing, anc l
f racturing cur'ing ne Quaternary Pericc.
=
e 40 Enclosure A i
y r
(7590-C*-
(9) More frequent cc:urrence of eartaquakes er ear-ncuakes of higner magnituce tnan is ty 8-41 ef Me area in wni:n the geciegic setting is located.
(10)
Indications sased en correlations of ear:ncuakes with tectoni:
Orocesses anc features, na eitner the fre;uency of occurrence er magni uce c' eartacuakes may increase.
(11)
Evicence of igneous a :ivity since One start cf ne Quaternary Perice. ' ; pM Y/
(12)
.j(' '+ :nanges in hydrologi: :enditiens taa: would signif-ican:1y a'fe : :ne migratice of radienuclices to ne a::essicle environment including cut not limite: to changes in nycrau11: gr,acien, average interstitia! velocity, s:crage Ocefficient, nycrauli: concu:- t vi ty,
naturai recharge, :ctantieme ri levels, an: cischarge ceints.
(13) Concitions in the nes: ec:k :na are ne: recucing conditiens.
(l') 0 cundwater conci:icns in :ne nes rock, inclueing cut not limite: te nign ionic s rangth or ranges of Eh-cH, that culd effe:: the solucility anc enemical rea :fvi;y of tne engineerec systems.
(15)
Processes na: would recuce sception, resuit in cegradation of tne rock streng:n, or adversely affect the performance of tne engineered system.
,(16) Rock or grounewate.- conditions tnat would require complex engi-neering measures in the cesign and construction of the undergrounc fa fi-ity or in :ne sealing of ccreheles and shaf s.
(17) Ge:me nanical properties that de not (previde-staci+ity ci cermit cesign of stacle underground ccenings during construction, wasta emplacement, or ret.-feval cceraticas.
h e
41 Enclosure A
(7590-0*.]
- u... e o. &. p. u : s a,.... x.....
.m...,......
--__g e...
-- :: ;: ;: ':- ;-;; :tf r-' m
__- _ _- ' &- ~
' ' ' ko ws9.
%h Tne,--d,,- pd--
-^ '..-.-
......,..... j n 7, ; ;... %
...,.. ; g _: _ g..,,, - ;.. a potentially adverse ::ndition o-c:r:ination of concitiens cite: in $50.123 of :nis M 'so. 0 a %.Q. ( A c, L.. %.
su:part
...-.*g
- ::- _: 1:
- ' ^.. ;;; :;'
2 4...,
..4......
.. r.._ :.. ~..
.,s.
__2
...?.,,
s... a...
- .......+,......,.,,-
(a) Tnt potentially acverse numan a: ivity or natural conci-icn A k. M L a.
g::
ace uately enara :eri:et, inciucir; :ne er.ent :: w-i:n tne c:rcit'en may :e presen. and s-fli ce unce:ectec taxing into acc:un.
~
the degree c' resciu'.icn a:nievec by tre investigati:ns; anc
( :.'
Tre effe:. Of :ne pc.entially acverse human activity Or naturs'
- nci fon :n :ne geologi: se::ing & M 0-e.
m acecuately evaluate using Aksas.2.t conservative analyses and assumsti:ns, and the evaluati r.1: ::A : sensit've
- ne acverse human activity or natural concitions; anc
(:)(i) The potentially adverse human activity ce na ural condition M4 to aM
'A.-e-shown :y analysis in (b) acove % not significantly :::t the acility O' :ne geologic setting to isolate waste, cr (ii) The ef';ct of the potentially adverse human activity or natural ALo.ab.9.a O m Yo PA.
c:ncition gccmcensated :y the presence of a ecmcination e' :ne favoracle enaracteristics cited in $60,122 of this sut: art, or "I.tyL. A%-%T (iii) y he =c entially acverse human activity er natural c:ncition can ce remediec.
l I
DE3*GN AND C N37RUCTICN TIEQUIREMENT3 550.130 Gener11 design requirements f:r the geol gf: re:cs f t:ry opera.icas
{
i areas.
a 42 Enclosure A
[7590-01]
(a) Sections 60.130 tnecugn 50.134 specify minimum rehuirements for tne design of, and construction s:ecifications 1ct, tne geologic re:csitory c: era-tiens area.
Requirements for cesign containac in se:tions 50.13. tnrougn 60.133 of this sueca-must te :ensicerec in conjunction wita :ne recuire-ments for constructics in 150.134 cf tnis subpar.
Sections 60.130 thecu;n 60.134 a-o not intence: :: coetain an ernaustive list of cesign are ::nstructi recuirements.
Omissions in sections 60.130 throuch 60.134 ce rct relieve 00E from croviding safety features in a scecific f acilitv neecec to a:nieve tne cerformance Obfectives containec in section 60.111.
All design and construc-tier :-iteria must :e ::nsistent with tne resui s c' site :nara: a-i:a-f:r acti v i tt e's.
(:) Systees, s ru ures, and com:enents of. ne ge:logi: recesit:ry o;erations area snall sa-isfy tne foilcwing:
(1) Raciolecical cretection.
As re uired : maintain radiation deses, levels, anc ::nc9n rations of racica:tive material in air in restrictec areas witnin the limits scecifiec in Part 20 of this enapter, (sne ss-ic=-as-is ressenssiy-sen'evs:ie-struc ures systems, 1nd ccmcenents locate witnin suen restrictec areas sna11 ce designed to incluce--
(1) Means to limit concentrations of radicactive material in air; (ii) Means :: limit the time required to perfors work in tne vicinity of radioactive materiais, including, as apor:priate, designing equipment for ease of repair and recla:ement and previcing acecuate s: ace for ease of c;eration;
.s (fif) Suita 1e snielding; (iv) Means to monitor anc.::ntr:1 the dispersal of racicactive contaminationi 9
43 Enclosure A
f (7090-01]
(v) Means to centrol ac:ess :: Mign radiation areas or air orne radioactivity areas; and (vi) A radiation alarm system to warn of increases in racis-i n levels, concentrations of radica::ive materf at in af., and of increased radica: ivity released in effluents.
Tne alarn system sna11 :e cetigned*
wi n recuncancy an in situ testing capatility.
(2)
Protection a:afnst natural chenemena and environmental cond,tfens.
(i) Tne structures, systems, and comoonents im ortan to safety snall
- e cesigne: : :a : m:4-i:le wi n an-i:1:ata: si e :nara:.e-s-i:s an:
a :cmecdate one effects of environmental :enditicas,.so as. o prevent inta-ference witn normal oceration, maintenan:e anc testing cu-ing tne en-i-e :erice of ::nstru::i:n an: ::erations.
(ii) ine structures, systems, an: ::m;0nents im:Or an: : safety sna*1 :e cesignec so na natura*. Onen:mena anc environmental ::nci-icns antici:atec at the site will not result, in any relevant time :erice, in failure tc a:nieve ne performance cojectives.
(3)
Prete: icn acainst dynami: effects of ecui: ment failure anc similar events.
The structures, systems and : mponents imoce ant :: safety shall be
, design.ec to (resist] withstanc Oynamic effects na: Oculd result from equimentfailure,sudhasmissileimcacts,andsimilareventsand conditions that c:uld lead :: loss of tneir safety functions.
(4)
Pretsetion acainst fires and exolesions.
s (i) The structures, systems, and ccmcenents imocrtant :: safety l
snall be designed to [ red::e-the ; :entisi-f:r 'm:sirment-of-tneir :4 ity i
e 14 inclosurs A
(7590-01]
t:3 serform nele safety functions curing anc af:er fires er exclosions in the geolog:
repository operations area.
(ii) To tne extent cractica:1e, One ge:1cgic recesitory ecerations area snail ce designec to incorporate ne use of noncom:usticle and heat resistan; materials.
(iii)
Tne geologic re:esit:ry ocerstions area shall be cesigned to inciuce explosion and fire detection alarm syste.ns anc appropriate suppres-sien ivstems with sufficient ca:acity anc capacility to recuce the adverse effects of fires anc axolosions on s ructures, systems, and comocnents im::-ta ; :: safat).
(iv) ine geclog:: re:esitory c:erations area snall be cesigned t:
incluce means :: Orc:ect systems, structu-es, anc ccm: ce9:s im:Ortar.:
t: safety agairs
- ne acverse e'fects c' eitner ne coe a-ica :- failu a of ne fire su::ressi n systems.
(5) Emercencv ca:acility.
(i) Ine structures, systems, anc ccm:enents important to safety sna11 ce cesigned to maintain control of radicactive waste, and permit creme: termination of coerations and evacuation of personnel curing an emergency.
(ii) The geologic repository operations area snail be designed to incluce onsite facilities and services that. ensure a safe anc timely res=onse to emergency conditions anc that facilitate tne use of available effsite services (such as fire, pelice, medical and ameuiance service) that may aid in recovery frem emergencies.
s (5) Utility services.
(i)
Eaca utility service system snail :e'cesignec so that essential safety functions can be performed uncer Octa normal and amergency concitions.
e 45 Enclosure A n
r
(7590-02]
(ii) ine utility services imoorta..t :: safety shall include redundant systems to tne extent necessary to maintain, witn adequate c.cacity, the ability ts perform :netr safety functions.
(iii) ine emergency utility services sna11 be designed to permit testing cf :neir functional cperability anc capacity.
This will include
- ne full coerational secuence of eacn system when transferring :etween normal and emergerry supply sources, as well as the aceration of asse-ciated safety systems.
(iv) Provisicas shall ce made se that, if there is a 1:ss of ne rima y tie::ri: : we sour:e er circuit, re'ia:1e and ::ntinunc emergency cows-is provicec :: instruments, utility service systems,.anc ocerating systems, including alarm systems.
This emergency pcwer shall ce sufficien to allow saf e conci tions := ce it.a fnli5# 'eY.' ~ All sys': ems 1mocr: ant ::
n safe'y shall ce cesignec to permi
- nem : ce maintainec at all times in a functional mocs.
(7) Ins:ection. testine and maintenance.
Tne structures, systems.
anc ::mpenents important to safety shall me cesigned to permit pericci:
inspectica, testing, and maintenance, as necessary. :: ensure Oneir ::ntinue:
functioning anc readiness.
(3) Criticality conte:1 All systems for processing, transporting,
.han,dling, storage, retrieval, emolacement, anc isolatien of radioactive waste shall be designed to e.are that a nuclear criticality accident is not possible unless at least two unlikely, independent, anc ::ncurrent or sequential changes.have occurred in the ::nditions essential to nuclear criticality safety.
Each system shall be designed for criticality-safety under normal snd ac:ident conditiens.
The calcula:ec effective =uitiplica-tienfactor(f,ff)mus ce sufficiently bel:w unity :: snow at leas; a 46 Enclosure A
.-e-
(7590-C1]
5%.nargin, after allowance for the cias in the methec of calculati:n and the uncertainty in the experiments usec :: validate the method of calculation.
(9), Instrumentation and control systees.
Instrumenta:fon anc conte:1 systems snail be designed to monitor anc c:nteci :ne benavior of engineered systems im:ortant :: safety over anticipa:ec ranges for acrmal operation and for ac:ident conditiens.
The systems shall be cesigned with sufficient recuncancy to ensure that adequate margins of safety are maintainec.
(10) Cem:liance witn minine reculations.
To the extent that OCE is nct su:Je:: to the Feceral Mine Safety anc Heal:n A:: :! 1977, as :: :ne construe: ion anc coeration of ne geologic ree.csit:ry cperations area, tne cesign of taa geologic re:esitory c erations area sna11 nevertneless incluce suen ;rovis tens for wer<er.. ::... ich as may :e ne: essa y ::
cre:e::
crev' ice reasona:1e assurance that all structures, sys ems, and ccmcenents im:0rtant :: safe y can :erform their intance: func-ions.
Any deviation fr = relevant casign re:uirements in Title 30, Cha :er I, Subcha::ers 0, E, anc N will give rise :: a recuttable presum :icn :na
- nis re:uiremen:
nas ac-been met.
560.131 A. itional cesign recu rements for surface facilities in the gec1cgic repository coerations area.
(a) Facilities for recete and retrieval of waste.
Surface facil-ities i tne geologic repository operations area snall be cesignec ::
allcw safe handling and s:Orage of wastes at the site, wnether such wastes are en the surf ace prior to e= placement or as a result cF-retrieval frem the underground facility.
The surface facilities sna11 :e cesigned se as t permit ins =,ecti n, re: air, and de::ntaminati:n :f such astas anc neir containers.
Surface st: rage Oa:acity f:r al; em:ia:ed.as a is not recuired.
47 Enclosure A
-m
-w.
e
,~e r -
-w
-.., - - - m
,~,-gg g
e
--w---
r--
,v
[7580-C1]
(:)
Surface Facilftv Ventilati:n.
Surface facility ventilati:n systems sue:ce:ing waste transfea, ins e::icn, de::ntaminati:n, recessing, or Sackaging shall be designed :: pr vice pr:tectica against radiation expesures.anc effsite releases as :rovided in 160.111.
() Radiation ::nt-01 anc monitacine.
(1)
Effluent een r:1 The surface facilities snail be cesignec :
control the release of racicactive materials in affluents during normal an:
emergency ocerations.
The facilities shall be designed to provice pro :::ico against radiation ex: sures anc
- fsite releases as reviced in 35C.1.1.
(2) E "luent me-i :-inc.
Tne ef fluent meni::-ing systems snali ce cesigne: : measure *.ne am unt 35d : neeptra-i cn O', 44 f,enug,1,f.its. fA,any effluent wi n su'ficient precisice :: cetermine wnetner releasas ::nform
- :ne :esig re: wiremen: f:r eluent ::ntr:1 Tne meni :-ing systems snalk:ecesignec:: incluce alarms tha: can :e e-icdt:a'ly tes ed.
(c) Waste treatment.
Racf:a:tive was e treatment facilitias sna11 et cesigne: to pr: cess any radicactive wastes generate: at the geologic re sitory c:erations area into a form suita:1e to permit safe dis:csal at ne geologi: re:ository ::erations arey er :: ermit safe trans:ceta icn and conversion to a form suitable for disposal at an alternative site in a
accorcance with any regulations that are acclicable.
. (m ) Considaratien of cecemmissioninc.
The surf ace facility shall be designed to fa:flitate ce::mmissioning.
550.132 Ad:ittenal design recuirements for the uncerge:un: 'acility.
(a) Generai crite-ia for tne under:rcund facility.
(1) The underground f acility snail be cesigne: 50 as :: :erf:rm its safe; functiensassu$ min: (taka-inte-se::=nt] intera: ices among the gec1cgic setting, the uncargr une f a:ility, and the wasta package.
43 Enclosure A
_.e, r
,.m.,m
7
[?59C-01*
4 f
(2)
The unde g-un: fa:itity sna11 e esigne: :: :-:vi:e for s u:-
tural stat'Ifty. ::nte:1 of grounc.ater n:vemen: ac: ::n: :1 :' raci:-
nuclide releass;, as necessary :: ::m:1y with ne :erforman:e ::Je: ives of 560.11*..
(3)
The crientati:n, gee.ee: y. layout, anc ce::n of :ne unce ground da:ili:>. and ne cesig :' any engineerec a--fers na are Oa-: c' the uncergecune fac'11:y snali ennance c:ntainmen anc isolation Of racianuclices t: :na exten Ora ica:1e at ne site.
(4)
Tne uncerge:une f acility shall e designe: s: :na; tne ee::s
' :is a:-ive eve ;s su:. as i : usi:ns
- gas. :
-a e-ex:' sic.s.
will ne'. Or : agate nreugn :ne fa:ility.
(:)
~1 ext:!!ikyO' Oes*:-
Tne uncarg-cu.9 fa:iii;> sna*1 :e esi;ne:
': su'ff:!e-; 'lexitility :: all:w adjus t. e :s. -ne a a:es s a ;. :: a::: -
mccate sce:i'i: site ::ncitions 1:entified Onr ugn in s4 u m: nit:-ing, tast-ing. :
ex:avation.
(:)
Se:aration f ex:ava: ice anc waste em:1aceme-; ( ::wia ::nce::1 If concurrent excavati:n anc e.t:13:ement of wastas are :lannec, :ne,n:
(1) Ine cesign shall =revice for suen se:aration e' a: ivities int:
ciscrete areas (mocules) as may e necessary := assure :na; excava:icn cces net im: air wasta em:lacement er retrieval coerations.
(2)
Eaca module snail be designed to permit insulation " rem c ner modules if an ac:ident ec:urs.
(c)
Cesi:n for retriava' f.aste.
The uncerge:unc facility sna11
- e designed t:--
(1) 2ermit retrievai Of as a in ace:rcance *f th the :erf:rmance
- je::ives (!50.111);
(2)
Ensure suicient structural stacili:y of ::enings an: c:n:r:1 :f
]
?
L gr:un -a:er :: permi: :ne safa ::ncuc: ef wasta retrieval ::erations; and i
49 Enclosure A
\\
6
[7590-0.*
(3) Allow removal Of.any =aste packages sna; may be damages cr recuire ins:e ice itacut ::m; 0-ising :ne a:flity :' :ne ge:1:gi re:: sit:ry ::
met :ne pe-formance ocje: ives (i60.111).
-(e) gesien of subsurface : enines (11 Su:sur'a:e coen+ngs sna*1 be cesigne: :: maintain sta 111 y nr ugneut ne construction an: : eration :ericcs If structural su::ert is recuirec for stacility, it sna11 ce designe: :: ce ecm:aticle witn long-term ceformati:n, nycrol:gic, gecenemf:al, anc :nermeme:nanical enara::e-isti:s c' :ne ck anc tu ailcw su:se ue-: pia:ement Of :a:kfill.
(2) 5;P.: gres re:uirec f:r tem:crary su:::r: c' :cnes of weak -
nig
- y fra: ure: c::< sna'1 e casigne: se as nc ::-im: air ns :12:enen-c' :ermanen stru::gres c-ne ca:a:ili y :: set
- ex:avate: a eas use:
f:- :ns ::ntainment of -astes.
( 3.1 Su:surfa:e c:enings sna :e cesigne: :: re:u:a :ne :o entia'
'er celeterious r :k move ent :P 'ractu-ing of everlying :r su-r:uncing rc:t ever tne 1cng term.
The si:e, sha:e, crientation, and s: acing a' coenings and the cesign of engineered suo Or: systems shall take One fell: wing ::aciti:ns int: c:nsicerations--
' (1) natural stress conditions; (111 deformation enaracteristics of ne nest rock under normal : r:1-tiens anc :nermal 1cading; (iii) ne kincs of weaknesses or structural discontinuities founc at varicus loca-icas in :ne geol:gi: re:cs' cry; (iv)- equi: ment recuirements; anc (v) the a:111:y :: ::ns ruct ne under;rounc facility as designe:
sc :na: sta..lity Of One r::k is' ennanced.
9 0
e 50 5nc1:sure A
[7590-01]
(f)
Rock excavarien. ~The design of the undergrcund facility snali (be-basee-en-sne-sefe: tion-of] incer: orate excavation methods that will limit damage :: and fracturing of rock.
(g) Centrol of wate-and cas.
(1) Water and gas conteci systems snail be cesignec ;0 De of suffi-cient ca:a: fifty anc capacity :: reduce tne pctentially a verse effe s of ground.ater intrusion, service water in rusion, er gas inflew into tne uncergrounc facility.
(2) water anc gas centrol systems snail :e designec : [senft:--sne commesit'en of-sn ] con rcl the cuantity of wa er er gas flowing int: er from tne uncerground f :ility, monitor the cemccsitien Of cases and ce-mit sam:lin: c' 11cui:5.
(3; Sys e:s snali :e cesignec : :revice con:rci :' wate a : ;as in 5ctn waste emplacement areas an: excavation areal.
(4) Water control systems snail be designec :: incluce storage ca:a:ili y and mccular laycuts that ensure ina: unexpectec inrusn or ficccing can be controlled and containec.
-(5)
If the intersec-fen of aquifers or water-bearing geologic struc-tures is anticipated during constructien, tne design of :ne underground f acility snali include plans for cutoff or :entrol of water in advance of th.e excavation.
(6)
If linings are recuired, tne centact between the lining and the.
rock surrouncing suesurface ex:avations snall be designed se as o avoid the creation of any preferentia; pathway for groundwater er rad 10nuclide i
migratien.
(h)
Suesurf ace ventilatien.
The ventilation system shall b'e cesignec : --
9 51 Enclosurs A
~
~=
[7590-01]
(1)
Centrol ne transecr: cf racioactive particulates and gases within anc releases frem the subsurface faciifty in at:Orcance wi.n the performance ecje: ives (i50.111);
(2). Permit continuous cecupancy of all ex:&vated areas during normal coerations :nr ugn permanen; closure:
(3)
Ac:cmmecate enanges in : erating :ncitiens suen as variations in tem erature anc numid'ty in tne underground facility; i
(4)
In: luce su:n recundant ecuipment and fail safe ::n rci systems as may be neece: := assure continue: function unter normal anc emergency conci:1:
- 1. a:
(~;
Secara e :ne ventilation of excavatica anc waste em:lacemen:
areas.
(i)
Encineece: ca--ie-s... - :::.....
. (1).3arriers snall :e locate: wnere shafts ::uld aliew ac:ess f:r grounewa*.ar :: enter er leave the uncergrounc facility.
(2) 3arriers shall crea s a wasta package environmen:.hirn favoracly ::ntrols enemical reactions affecting ne performance of :ne
~
waste package.
(3)
Backfill placed in tne underground facili y snail be cesigne:
as a carrier.
(i)
Backfill placed in.the uncergrounc fa,cility shall [be-:=m:sti=ie with) :erf:rm its functi:ns assumine anticipa ec cnanges in the geclegic setting.
(ii) Backfill :lacec in the uncergrounc faciif:y snali serve tne foll: wing func-i:ns:
(A)
It snail r'evice a barrier :: gr:un -ater movement into and fr m
- ne uncergroun'c facili y.
I2 Enciosure A wr-n--
L
[7590-0;]
(3).!: snail recuce cree deformation of the nest rock na may acveesely affe:- {JJ.as e :ackage performance or {2] ne local nycro-Icgical system.
(C)
I: snait recuce anc conte: grouncwater mcvemen; wi ni-ne uncercroun: facili:v.
(3)
!: shall retarc radionuclice migration.
(iii) Backffll laced in the underground facility sna11 ce selected to.alicw for acequate placement anc compaction in uncergrounc cpenings.
(j) 'daste nancline and emola:ement.
(1) Ine systems usec for nancling, trans:cr-ing, and em:la:t ;
racic. tive wastes shall be designed t: nave esi.tive,. fa'.1-saie Oesigns
- Orcte:: werkers anc Oc preven; damage to waste Oa:< ages.
(2) Tra hi cling systems ':
em:1a:ere-a:
t-
'sta' : s a-': !
small be cesigne: :: minimi:e :s*
otential for acera:Or err:r (k) Desics f r tnermai 1:aes.
(1) Ine uncergrounc fa flity sna11 te designed so na
- ne creci: ec One mai an: thermemecnanical res:ense of ne rock will not degrade signi'-
ican-ly the performance c' tne recesitory or One acility cf ne na ural or engineered barriers to retard radionuclice migration.
(2) ine design of waste Icacing and waste scacings snali take int:
. consideration--
(i)
Effects of tce cesign of :ne uncergreune facility ~en :ne nerma!
anc nermeme:Mani:ai rescense of ne nest rock anc :ne grounewa ar system; (ii) Features c' :ne hest rock arc geci:gic set-ing :na affect Me nermemeenanical res:ense Of ne uncergrcune f a ility anc =ar-iers, inciucing cut not limited ::, benavior and cefor=a-icnal :naracteris-ics of ne nos-e 6
53 Enci sure A
g 7.: n....- 9 e
rock, One presence Of insulating layeas, acuffers, faults, crien atien Of
- edding planes, and tne cresence of ciscentinuf:ies in :ne h:s reck; and
-(111) The extent to anien fra:turing of :ne nest r:ck is influenced by cycies ctemperatur* increase and cecrease.
550.133 Cesign of snaf s anc seals fer snafts anc Ocrencies.
(a)
Snaft cesic.
Shafts snall be cesigne: s: as nc
- create a preferential patnway for migration of groun: water an: se as nc increase the =ctential for migration through existing pa nways.
( :', Snaft anc eccencle seals.
Shaf and berenele seals shali ce cesignec s: :nat:
(i)
Shaf s anc Ocren:les will be seale: (sieng-ene'- e-f e-ieng 5 as s:Or as Ocssi:le after they nase se vec :neir c:erati:nai :ur:csa.
(ii) At tne time Of cermanent closure, and f:- as lenc t.ereafte as reasenacly achievanle seale: snaf s and borencies will Innibi; trans:ce Of racicnucif ces c at least One same degree as tne uncistur:ec units of reek
- nrougn wai:n :na snafts or Ocrencies pass.
In the case of solu:le r::ks, ne
=crenele and shaft seals shall also be dgsigned :: ;reven: gr:un: water circu-lation :nat w:uld result in dissolution.
i (iff) Contact between shaft and borehole seals and the acjacent rock cce's no: Deceme a preferential pathway for water.
(iv)
Shaft and Screhele seals can ace:mmocate Octantial v.ariations of stress, tem erature, and meisture.
(v) The materials used to ::nstrue; the seal.s are a:Orecriate in view cf the gecc5smistry of :ne reek and gr:une-ater sys em, anticipatec deformations of tne reck, and 0-her in si u ::nditiens.
(c)
Shaft conveyances usec in radicactive waste Mancline.
l i
3 enclosure A
7 l.-
L-
[7590-01]
t r.
(1) Shaft c:nveyances used to trans:ce radica: ive materials snail be designed :: satisfy the re:uirements as set f:rta in $50.130 Of this succart for systems, stru::ures, anc com:enents im:ertan := safety.
-(2).hcists im:cetant :: safe y sna11 te cesigned :: preciude cage free fail (3)
Heists im:Or ant : safety saali e cesigned with a relia le cage location system.
(4) Hoist leading and unicading systems snail ce cesignac wi-n a relisole system of intariccxs nat will f afi safely u:en malfuncti:n.
(5) heists imeertant :: safe y snail :e cesigne: :: inciuce : :
ince:encent incica :rs :: indicatewnenwas,tepa$kagssareinplace, gra::le, an: rea:y for transfe-S50.134 COnstructi:n s:ecifica'.icns for surf ace anc subsurf a:e f a:fif ties.
(a) General recuirement.
5:acifica-icns fer ::ns ruc-ica scall nf:rm
- :ne ccje :ives and technical requirements =f Se::f=ns 50.13C :ne:ugn 50.133 of :nis su:: art.
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(b) Construction manacement =recram.
Tne cons ruction sce ificatiens snall facilitate ne c nduct of a c nstruction managemen; crogram :na will ensure :nat construction c4: ivities co not acversely affect tne suitab,ili y of tne site to isciate the waste er feepardize the isolatien ca:abili:fes of the underground facility, bertheles, shaft, anc seals, and that the uncerge:urd f a:flity is : nstructed as designed.
(0) Constructien rec:rds.
The ::nstrue f on scecifications snali
~~
incluce requiremen s fer tne develepment of a ::m:lete cc umen ac history of recesitory c:nstruction.
Seca documentac histery snail inciuce at leas
- ne f:11'1 wing--
e 55 Enclosure A
m L
- 9. ~i.: :. n.. c...'
o (1) Surveys of uncergrounc ex:avations anc shafts loca ec via readily icentifiable surface features or menumen s;-
(2) Materials encounterec; (3).Geelegic ma:s anc ge 1ogic cross se: icns; (c) L: cations and amoun; Of see: age;
^
(5) 0,e:adis of ecuipmen, me:necs, cr:gress, anc secuence of werx; (5) Cons ruction premiems:
-(7) Ancmalous cencitions encounte ec; (3)
Instrumen: locations, reacings, anc analysis; (9)
L::a:ior, anc ces:-i:-ion Of stru: ara! su::Or-systems.
(1C) uccatien anc cescription of cewatering systems; anc (11) Ce ails, me:nces of em:lacemen, an: location of seals use:.
(c) Roet ex avatier.
Tneme:n$csuse: f:r excavatica sna'; ce seie: e: to recuce to the extent Oractica:le One ;oten:ial create a Oreferential cathway fer grounc.ater er racica:-ive waste migra-ion Or increase migra-icn througn existing patnways.
(e) Centrol cf ex losives.
If ex:lesives are usec, the :r: visions of $57.6 (Ex:losives) cf Title 30 cf ne Cece of Fe:eral Regula ices, Cna :er I, Mine Safety anc Health Adminis ration, Oe:ar ment of Laccr, shall be met, as minimum safety requirements for,stcrage, use and trans:cr
, a: t.a.e. geologic recosi$ory operations area.
(f) Water c:ntrol.
The construction specifica:icns shall provice that water enecenterec in excavations snali be removec :: ne surfa:e i
1 anc conte:lled in ac::rdance with cesign recuirements f:r radiation cen:rci 1
and t.cnit: ring (360.131(c) of nis su:part).
(g) Was e nanciinq and emelacement.
The '::nstruc-icn s eci fica:f ons snail :r:vice 'f:r cemenstration of :ne ef fec-iveness of nancling e:ui: men:
56 Enclosure A 4
v-
,n
[ 7.= =. u..- -
anc systems for em:la:ement and retrieval coerations, under Oce-ating c:nditiens.
960.125 Recuirements f:-
ne waste package anc its ccm::nents.
(a) General recuirements of cesic-Ine cesign of :ne aste pacxage snall incluce One following elemen s:
(1)
Effect of the site on the waste :ackace.
The waste package snall :e cesigned so that tne in situ chemical, pnysica!, and nuclear tr::er-ies of :ne was e package and its in eracti:ns wi n :ne em:la: amen-e+<ironment ce n : ::mer: mise One 'unctier c' :ne was e ;ackages.
Tne cesi.n sna11 incluce Out not be limited :: ::nsiceragien Of ne ":iI:winc g
fa:: -s:
sclu:ili;y, 0xicati:n/recuc-ice. rea:-i:ns, :Orr:si:n, nycri ing.
gas generati:c, tnermal effe :s, me:na 1:a streng:- me:Na-i:a'. strali raciclysis, radiation camage, raci:nceiite eta-da-i:n, lea:ning. fi s an: ex:1:s f on nazarcs, thermal loacs, anc synergisti: interac-icas.
(2) Effect of the waste cackace en tne uncercreune facility anc ne natural barriers Of :ne ce:locic settinc.
The waste package shall ce cesignec s: that the in situ enemical, pnysical, anc nuclear Orc:erties cf tne waste package and its interactions wita :ne em=lacement environment do no c mpromise the perf rmance of the undergrounc facility er tne gec-logic setting.
The design shall include but n:: :e limitec t: c:nsicera-tien of :ne fc11cwing 'act:rs:
saludility, exidati:n/recucti:n reactions,
- rresien, hydriding, gas genera *.icn, thermal ef'e :s, mecnanical strength, me:nanical stress, radiclysis, racia-ion damage, radienuclice retarcation, leruning, fi e and ex:lesien ha: ares, therma; icacs, an: synergis-i:
intara:tions.
9 e
D 57 Encl sure A m
0,...
g.::.-...
(2) Waste form recuirements.
Radica:tive waste na is emplace in the under; und facifi y snail meet the following repuirements:
(1) 5clidificaticn.
All sucn raci0 active was es snail be in solid form anc placec in seale: containers.
(2) Consolidation.
Particulate waste forms snali nave :een ::n-solidate: (f:r exam:le, by inc:rpcration int: an enca:sulating matrix) t:
limi: :ne availacility and generation of :articula es.
(3) Cemeustibles.
All c:moustible ra icactive wastas mus-have ee-reca:e: :: a none:::usti:le form urless i; can :e demonstrated :na a fire involvirg a singie pac < age will neitner ::mer: mise ne integr.i,y of other packages, n r a:versely affe:: any safety-rela e: struc ures, sys ets, er :: :'*e.ti (c) 'a'aste acka;e recui rements.
The -aste package cesign shall mee; ne f:llowing recuirements:
(1) Ex lesive. :yreencric. an cnemically reactive materials.
The waste package snail not contain expicsive or ;yr:pncric ma:arials or enemi: ally rea::f ve materials that c:uld interfere witn operations in the uncerground facility or ::m:remise the ability of the geciegic repcsit:ry to satis,fy the performance objectives.
. (2 ) Free licuids.
The wasta package shall no: con ain free liquias in an amount that could imcair the structural integrity of.aste package ccmcenents (because Of :nemical interactions or f:rma-icn of cressuri:e:
va cr) or result in scillage and spreac of contaminatier in the even of package perforation.
(3) Hancline.
Waste packages shall te esigne
- maintain wasta containment curing trans:cr:ation, em lacement, anc retrieval.
e
!i 38 En lasure A
I r7.:.3.- -
a
.o.
-1 (c) Unicue identification.
A lacel cr. ether.means :cf icenti fica-tion snail be-previcec for each package.
The icer.-ificatice snal1 not imcair the integri'.y of the cackage and shall ce acclied in sucn a way that_ :ne information shall be legiele at least c :ne' end of :ne retrievacle storage cerice.
Eacn pac 4 age icentifica:icn snali ce cer-
- s. stent w; n :ne-sackage's ce.manent written recercs.
550.137 Generai recuirements for performance confirmation.
Tne geologic recesitory cperations area snail te designed so as :
cer.;f t imclemen ation cf a performance confirmatica crogram ina; mes:s the requirements of succar: F of this part.
SU32AR7
- *ERFORMANCE CONFIRMATION
~
!60.100 Generti receirements.
(a) ine cerformance confirmation crogram shall ascer ain wne:her--
(1) Actual subsurface cencitions encountered anc changes in tncse condi-icns curing construction anc waste emclacement operatiens are [those]
witnin the limits assumed in the licensing review; and (2) Natural and engineered systems and components recuired for I
recesitory coeration, or wni4h are designed er assumed to operate as barriers after permanent closure are functioning as intended and anticicatac.
(b) The pr gram shall have been startec during site characteri:a-l tien and it will continue until cermanent closu=e.
t 55 Enclosure A l-L
v
[7590-0*]
(c) The program will, include in situ monit: ring, lacoratory. and field testing, anc in situ ex:erf ments, as may :e a:propriate :: ace:m-piish the ocje ive as stated above.
(c) The confirmation program sna11 ce im=lementec se that:
(1)
It does not a:verseiy affect the natural and engineerec elements cf :ne ge01 gic re:csitory.
(2)
It provides baseline information anc analysis of that i n fo rma-ti.cn en these parameters anc natural processes pertaining to tne geclogic se ting that may te enanged by site chara::eri:ation, constru::ica, and Oce a-fenai activities.
(3) It meni :cs and analy:es enanges fre.y. qe,ta.seline, ;.ndi.-i. n of carame:ers tna c:uld af fec the performance Of a geci:gic re:csit:ry.
(c)
Or: vices an establisne: lan f:r fee::a:( an: analysis c' cata, and im:lementation of a:cre:riate acti:n.
560.1:1 Confirmation of gectechnical and cesign parameters.
(a) Ouring re:csitory c:nstruction and oceration, a continuing
=cogram cf surveillance, measurement, testing, and geologic mapping snali ce concucted to ensure tnat geotechnical and design parameters are
,c:nfirmed and to ensure that acprocriate action is taken to inform tne
. Cc: mission of changes needed in design to ace:mmedate actual field c:ndi-tiens encountered.
(b) Subsurface ccnditions shall be acnit: red and evaluatad against design assumptiens.
(c) As a minimum, measurements shall be mace of reck cef:rma-icns anc cisplacement, enanges in rock stress and st.ain, c's a and i ca:icn of water inf1cw into su 3urface areas, changes in grouncwater c:ncittens, t
50 Enciesure A i
i 1
I
[7590-0;]
rock pers wa ar pressures including those along fractures anc joints, and the thermal and thermomechanical res ense f :ne rock mass as a result of develo: ment-and cperations of ne geologic repository.
(d) Inese measurements arc caservati:ns sna11 te compared with the Original cesign. cases and assumotions.
If significant differences exist :etween ne meastrements and observaticns and the original desigr
-tases and assumotions, the need for modifications to the cesign er 1-construction me nods shall be determined and these dif ferences anc the recommenced :nanges re:orted to tne Ccmmission.
(e)
In situ monitoring of the thermemeenanica' res:ense of :ne (ge:4egi:- e:: sit: y] under;rcund facility snall,0.e,<encyc;t; untii :ermanent closure :: ensure na the performance of ne naturai anc engineering 'estures wi:nin cesige limits.
160,142 Design testing.
(a) During the early cr cevele: mental stages of construction, a progra,m for in si u testing of suca features as borencle and shaf: seals, ackfill, and ne thermal interaction ef fects of the waste packages,
~
cackfill, rock, and groundwater shall be concuctec.
(b) The testing shall be initiated as early as is practicable.
(c) A backfill test section shall be constructed : test tne effectiveness.cf backfill placement and ecmoaction p,rocedures against design recuirements before permanent backfill :
ement is begun.
(d) Tast sectiens shall be establishec :: test the ef'ectiveness of borehole and shaft seals bef:re full-se 'e cceration proceeds :: seal bereholes and snafts.
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49 m
ca
- nclosure A
..--s
1 l
-i
[7590-01]
550.143 Moni cring and'tes-ing aste' packages.
(a) A'crogram snall be esta:lisnec a: ne reposit:ry for menitoring the conci fon of :ne waste :ackages.
Packages chosen for ne program
~ hall ce representative of tnese to e em laced in :ne re:csitory.
s (21 Consistent wi n safe c:eration of ne recesit:ry, ne environ-me" Of One waste cackages selectec f:r ne waste package moni cring or: gram snall :e representative of the em: laced wastes.
(c) ine waste package monitoring program sna11 incluce la :ra ry ex:erimen:s wnica focus en :ne internal c:ncition of :ne -aste cackages.
To the exten Ora:-fcal, ne ervir:nmen.- ex:erience: by ne em la:ac waste cackages witnin the rescsitory during :ne waste cackage m:ni : ring Or: gram snail ce cuol'icated in :ne la:cra cry ex:eri.ments.
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(d) ine was e cac< age meni : ring =regram snat' c:ntinue as long a; Oractical u:
- ne time Of permanent closure.
SUSFART G - CUALITY ASSURANCE i 50.150 Sc::e.
As used in nis part,,: quality assurance" com: rises all :nese planned anc systematic ac fons necessary to provice acecua a confidence that'tne recesit:ry anc its su: systems or c:mconents will :erform satisfact:rily
.in. service.
Quality assurance is a multidisci linary system of management c:n rcis anica accress saf t y, reliability, maintaina::lity, :erformance, anc : ner tecnnical disci: lines.
h e
52 Enc 1:sure A
. i
[7590-0~.]
$ 50.151= A :licacility.
i The cuality assurance program shall a;cly := all [ items) systems stru::ures an: : mconents im:ertant :: safety and 32 activities wni:n would prevent or mitigate events tna: : uld cause an uncue ris< to the heal n and safety of the pu:li:.
Tnese a: ivities in:1uce:
ex=10-i ng, si te sel ecti.ng.
cesigning, fa:ricating. :urenasing, nancling, shipping, s : ring, cleaning, ere::ing, installing, emplacing, inspe::ing, tasting,
- erating, main aining, monitoring, re: airing, modifying, anc decommissioning.
6 50.152 Im:lemen ati:r DOE sna11 implement a cuality assurance :r: gram cased en :ne cri aria
~
et A; encix 5 Of 10 C:4 ?ar-50 as a::lica:1e, an ah:-::riatelysu::le-men e: :y aeditional crf ?ria as recuired :y i 50.*.5.
i 50.155 Quali y assurance f:r cerformance confirma-ice Tne cuality assurance pr: gram shall incluce tne program of tests, ex:e-iments and analyses essential := achieving adecua e conficence that
- ne em lacec wastes will remain isolated from the accessible environment.
SUBPART H - TRAINING AND CERTI.:ICATION OF PERSONNEL f~60,150 General requiremenhs.
l Operations tna nave been icentified as im ortant to safety in tne Safety Analysis Re: r; anc in the license snail :e performed only by i
traine: anc certified persennel or by personnei uncer the direct visuai i
sucervisien cf an incividual with training anc certificati:n in suen i
53 Enciosure A e
(7590-01]
c eration.
Su:ervisory personnel wne direct operations that are imp'ertant to safety mus al so ce certified in such coerations.
560.151 Training and certification program.
ine 00~ snail estamiish a pecgram for training, proficiency testing,'
cer-ificati:n and requalification of coeratinc and sucervisory personnel.
550.152 Pnysical recuirements.
Ine anysical conci-icn anc the general heaita of personnel certified f: ::e atiens na are imper ant :: safety shall net be sucn as mign:
cause operational er-ars nat could endanger tne puc,lic nealta and safety.
Any condition wnien mign: cause impaired judgment er motor coordination
?.u s: ce c:nsicerec in ne selection of personnel for activities that are i= criant :: safety.
Such conditions need not categorically discualify a persen, so lcng as a:propriate previsions are mace to accommecate such cefect.
Dated at Vashingten, D.C. Inis day of
, 1981.
For tn2 U.S. Nuclear.tegulatory Commission.
Samuel J. Cnilx Secretary of t'he Commission.
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