ML19343B835
| ML19343B835 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Allens Creek File:Houston Lighting and Power Company icon.png |
| Issue date: | 12/18/1980 |
| From: | Armstrong N TEXAS, UNIV. OF, AUSTIN, TX |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19343B832 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8012300668 | |
| Download: ML19343B835 (53) | |
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O DIRECT TESTIMONY OF NEAL E. ARMSTRONG ON BEHALF OF HOUSTON LIGHTING & POWER COMPANY -
RE BISHOP CONTENTION 21/ COOLING LAKE-RADIOACTIVITY -
AND BISHOP CONTENTION 12/ COOLING LAKE-SEEPAGE
' O 0123 00 G(9@p
t DIRECT TESTIMONY OF NEAL E. ARMSTRONG RE COOLING LAKE / RADIOACTIVITY; SEEPAGE '
1 Q. Please state your name and position.
2 A. My name is Neal E. Armstrong. I am Professor of 3
Civil Engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering of 4 the University of Texas at Austzn.
5 Q. Would you describe your educational and profes-6 sional background?
7 A. I have B.A. and M.A. degrees in Zoology from the 3 University of Texas, Austin and a Ph.D. in Engineering with 9 concentration in Environmental Health Engineering, also from 10 the University of Texas. While pursuing my degrees I con-11 ducted numerous research projects in marine and fresh water 12 ecology, including research on the dispersion, transport and 13 sorption of radioactive materials in a model river. This 34 research included extensive field work on the model river
,_ for sampling, laboratory analyses and development of differen-o tial equations and analytical solutions to describe radio-
'6 active material transport.
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My four years of industrial experience were involved exclusively with water quality control programs including sampling, analysis, mathematical modeling and evaluation of sediment composition, microplankton, zooplankton and benthic 21 animal populations, sediment oxygen uptake, toxicity, heavy 22 metals concentrations, pesticide contamination, algae growth, 23 eutrophic conditions, and most all other water quality 24 l characteristics. 1
T Since 1971 I have taught Environmental Health 2
Engineering at the University of Texas, including courses in 3 environmental pollution engineering, environmental engineering 4 of energy systems, and stream and estuarine analysis. I am 5 a member of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Ecological i
6 Society of America, Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 7 International Association of Water Pollution Research, Gulf 3 Estuarine Research Society and the Estuarine Research Society.
9 A more detailed statement of my qualifications is included 10 as Attachment I to this testimony.
11 Q. What is the purpose of ycur testimony?
12 A. The purpose of this testimony is to respond to 13 Bishop contentions 21 and 12. I must point out that this
- 4 testimony does not represent a statement of the University of T' xas.
, _2
, Q. What do you understand to be the substance of Bishop Contention 21?
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A. Bishop Contention 21 alleges that radioactive 3
material will build up in the sediment of the Allens Creek cooling lake, that bottom feeding fish will accumulate more radioactivity than HL&P calculated, and that human consumption 21 l of fish will lead to larger doses of radiation than are
- 22 i (11 owed by 10 C.F.R. Part 50, Appendix I.
23 Q. D'o you agree with Mr. Bishop that HL&P has 24 miscalculated these doses?
1 A. No. The source of Mr. Bishop's apparent confu-2 sion is his belief that EL&P calculated the radioactive 3
concentration in fish from the cooling lake on the assump-4 tion that these concentrations are the same as the average 5 radionuclide concentrations in the lake water. After 6 reviewing HL&P's environmental reports (especially 7 Sections 5.2 and 5.3 (Ref. 7) and S.5.2 and S.5.3 (Ref 8 ) )
3 and other supporting documents, I found that Mr. Bishop's 9 belief is erroneous.
10 Q. How did HL&P calculate radioactive concentrations 11 in fish in the cooling lake?
12 A. HL&P states in the Environmental Report Supplement 13 (p. S5.3-2) that "[r]adionuclide concentrations in fish 14 were calculated or. the assumption that they are in equilibrium with average concentrations in the cooling lake "
5 Equilibrium in this context means that the rate of radio-6 17 active uptake by fish is equal to the rate of release.
Equilibrium does not mean that radioactivity concentrations in fish and water are the same. In fact, the point of this statement, as made clear by the immediately following sentence, was to explain the use of average radionucJide concentrations in the water as an input to the calculation 22 of equilibrium fish concentrations since "most fishing will 23 be done outside the exclusion zone boundary where effluents 24 will be well mixed."
Q. Did EL&P use a proper methodology in making this 2
calculation?
3 A. Yes. The use of average radionuclide concentra-4 tions in the water to calculate dose contributions for 5 ingestion of aquatic foods is a well-accepted and valid 6 procedure. The techniques for determining this are well 7 known and virtually identical to those used for Other sub-3 stances such as heavy metals and pesticides. The first step 9 in this procedure is to correlate the build-up of radionuclides 10 in aquatic organisms with radionuclides in water. Researchers 11 have found for many years that organisms in water concentrate 12 and accumulate radioactivity. They have found in general 13 that radioactivity enters the organism through two primary routes: water absorption through gills, gastrointestinal 14 35 tract and integument, and ingestion of food containing radioactivity (Ref. 2). The degree of concentration or 6
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" bioaccumulation" is determined by comparing radioactivity levels in organisms to the average radionuclide concentra-tion of the surrounding water.
Q. How are bioaccumulation factors quantitatively calculated?
21 A. Bioaccumulation factors are quantitatively 22 derived from field studies and reflect radioactivity 23 obtained by the organism from the water, sediment and 24 from the organism's food. These values are calculated by 1
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1 dividing measured whole body radioactivity concentrations in 2
(pci/kg wet weight) by the average radioactivity concentrations 3 in the water from waich the organism was taken (in pci/ liter).
4 Bioaccumulation facto'rs have been compiled by Thompson et 5 al. (Ref. 11) from many sources world-wide, from natural and 6 experimental systems, and from systems containing different 7 types of food chains, including food chains that contain 3 det itivores (detritus or dead organic material feeders),
9 planktivores (fe.ders on plankton), piscivores (feeders on 10 other fish), and other carnivores (feeders on animals).
11 Workers with fish like Friend (Ref. 4), Friend et al. (Ref.
12 5), and Brings (Ref. 1) have found planktivores to have the 13 highest bioaccumulation factors, detritivores the next highest bioaccumulation factors, and piscivores the lowest.
4 ,
,_ Q. Do you agree with Mr. Bishop's allegation that o
EL&P has not properly accounted for sediment uptake by bottom-feeding fish?
7 A. No. Mr. Bishop contends that fish which live and g
feed on the bottom of lakes may take up more radioactivity from sediment than other fish obtain just from contact with the water and, accordingly, Applicant's calculations do not 21 donservatively reflect the dose attributable to the ingestion 22 of fish. Mr. Bishcp has again misconstrued the nature of 23 these calculations.
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1 The radionuclide content of sediment at the bottom 2
of a lake will be a function of the ability of suspended and 3
bottom sediments to absorb and adscrb radionuclides from 4 solution (Ref. 2). While the sorption by sediments mechanism 5 itself may not be perfectly described in all cases, it is 6 certainly possible to quantitatively correlate the sediment 7 uptake which passes on to bottom-feeding fish (detriti-3 vores), as a consequence of their contact with the sediment, i
9 to the average concentration of radionuclides in water 10 solution. In this respect, the experimentally derived 11 bioaccumulation factors for detritivores are no different
,3 than those for other fish except that a certain amount of 13 the radionuclide intake for detritivores is attributable to 1
14 sediment sources. Thus, as long as the proper bioaccumula-
, 3 ._
tion factors are used for calculating concentrations in a
detritivores, the concentration of radioactive ions in g sediment will be accurately reflected in the ultimate cal-13 l Q. Has HL&P used the proper bioaccumulation factors?
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A. Yes. HL&P used NRC Regulatory Guide 1.109 (Ref. 15) 20 and its supporting documents which fully recognize the 21 bioaccumulation factors for planktivores, piscivores and l
detritivores necessary to accurately calculate ultimate 23 doses to man. Table A-1 in Regulatory Guide 1.109 reflects t
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t the average bicaccumulation factors compiled by Thompson et 2
al. (Ref. 11). These factors have units of pCi/kg wet 3 weight of organism biomass per pC1/ liter of surrounding 4 water, and range from 0.9 pCi/kg per pCi/ liter for tritium 5 to 100,000 pCi/kg per pCi/ liter for phosphorous. The high 6 bioaccumulation factors for planktivores and detritivores 7 mentioned above are fully accounted for in this list.
3 Accordingly, the contribution of sediment concentrations to 9 equilibrium concentrations in detritivores is fully accounted 10 for. These same identical factors were used by HL&P to il calculate doses to man (Ref. 6, Table 5.3-2 ) . Thus, the 12 calculated doses to man were not underestimated by HL&P 13 because radioactivity bioaccumulation was correctly incorporated into dose calculations.
14
,. _2 Q. Mr. Bishop's second contention concerns the
,, transport of radionuclides in cooling lake seepage. Would
.o 3 ,/
you describe the substance of this contention?
A. Bishop Contention 12 alleges that the assumption g
of Staff and Applicant that the concentration of radioactive material in the subsurface of the lake will be equal to or less than the concentration of radioactive material in the 21 lake water is erroneous, that build up of this material in 22 the lake bottom, along the shoreline, and on walls of the 23 '
numerous wells drilled by Applicant and along the walls of 24
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fault cracks, will result in more highly contaminated seepage 2
water reaching the underlying acquifer than has been assumed.
3 How would radionuclides be transported in water Q.
4 from the cooling lake to the underlying acquifer?
5 A. The transport of radionuclides in groundwater is i
6 dependent on water movement, dilution and dispersion, sorp-7 tion, radioactive decay, and the chemical properties of the 3 radionuclides. Radionuclides reaching groundwater are 3 carried with the water and diluted and dispersed in the 10 process. During transport these radionuclides interact with 11 the media (soil, rock, etc.) through which they move; these 12 interactions include ion exchange, adsorption, absorption, 13 filtration, precipitation, and sedimentation, and they usually result in a loss of radionuclides from the water 14 phase. Another loss of radionuclides is achieved through 3_a radioactive decay during transport. Finally, the chemical 6
3, properties of the radionuclides determines the extent to 1
which many of these interactions occur (Ref. 12).
3 If water seeps from the cooling lake into the groundwater, the radionuclides contained therein will be transported with the groundwater and will interact with the 21 l substrate as described above resulting almost certainly in l 22 reduced concentrations. Withdrawals downstream should 23 contain no or substantially reduced radionuclide concentra-24 tions resulting from cooling lake water.
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t Q. Has EL&P conservatively calculated the dose attrib-2 utable to drinking water contaminated with cooling lake 3 seepage?
4 A. To assess the dose from consumption of groundwater 5 for drinking purposes, EL&P has assumed in its calculations 6 that no reductions in cooling lake water radionuclide con-7 centrations have occurred during transport and that water 3 withdrawn from the nearest well contains the same 9 radionuclide concentration as in the cooling lake water.
10 HL&P assumes, therefore, that in effect cooling lake water 11 is being consumed directly. This is an extremely conserva-12 tive assumption. On this basis HL&P calculated the maximum 13 doses to humans to be 0.25 mrem /yr to an infant's liver and 0.054 mrem /yr whole-body dose to an adult (Ref. 7, Tables 14 l
S5.3-1 and 55.3-4) which are well below design objectives.
3 Q. Is Mr. Bishop's contention that radionuclides in 6
the cooling lake water will concentrate in bottom sediments 7
of the Cooling lake and that these sediments will be Carried into the groundwater and' eventually reach wells used for
- water supply correct?
20 A. No. It is well known that radionuclides do sorb 21 onto soil particles and reach higher concentrations than 22 I
those in the surrounding water. Indeed, soil and other 23 sorbing materials have been tested for their ability to 24
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- remove radionuclides from waste streams before discharge 2
(Ref. 9). However, the question is whether these soil 3 particles with radionuclides attached migrate with the 4 groundwater. Particulates are removed during transport
- 5 through porous media, and it is my opinion that any particu-l e lates (and the attached radionuclides) from the cooling lake 7 bottom sediment carried into the groundwater will be removed 3 after a short travel distance. Likewise, precipitates 4
9 involving radionuclides will also be removed. The only lo likely situation in which particulates could reach nearby 11 wells via groundwater is through fault zones or underground 12 streams in which an unimpeded flow of water and particulates 13 is possible. As shown in Chapter 2 of the Allens Creek PSAR, the Allens Creek site has been shown to be free of 4
3_ faults that extend from the surface to the underlying acquifer,
~3 thus the likelihood of particulates bearing radionuclides from the cooling lake reaching wells would seem to be nil.
7 Bishop also contends that radionuclides will concentrate on or around well casings and other surfaces and l produce high radionuclide concentrations in water withdrawn from this well. He bases his contention on a preprint by 21 Mark A. Doering and Dan P. Smith entitled " Locating Extraneous 22 Water Sources with the Gamma Ray Log" (Society of Petroleum ,
23 Engineers, 1978) in which the authors noted that "[i]t has 24
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1 long been observed that radioactivity increases sometimes 2 occur opposite wellbore intervals where significant amounts 3 of fluid have been produced." They quote a 1951 article by 4 John L. P. Campbell as to the cause of the radioactivity 5 increases as follows: "The anomalous radioactivity level is 6 the result of a radioactive crust deposited by formation 7 fluids contacting the production casing. This crust is 3 formed by radioactive salts in the formation fluids reacting 9 with iron oxides of the casing. The formation of this crust la is usually associated with a reduction in pressure of forma-11 tion fluids which are saturated with radioactive salts."
12 This work was confined to sandstone strata, and the authors 13 concluded that the gamma ray log response is dependent on i
- , reservoir fluid characteristics, that is, high dissolved 4
l 3._ salt concentrations in which precipitation will occur readily.
2 Because all of the limited amount of evidence available g indicates that this phenomenon is restricted to the very particular case of high withdrawal rates of brine solutions apparently from wells 10,000 feet and deeper, there is no reason to believe that the phenomenon applies to a situation 20 involving low flow rates of drinking water from very shallow 21 wells as posited by Mr. Bishop. Moreover, an engineer 22 working with this phenomenon today has found that the increase l in radioactivity is restricted to precipitation on the well l 24 l
1 casing of a minor amount, i.e. 30 to 60 percent higher than 2 background (Ref. 17). Since the increase in radioactivity i
3 is due to radioactive salts encrusted on the well casing, 4 this radioactivity increase, even if present, cannot be 5 withdrawn with the drinking water and does not appear to be 6 any hazard.
7 Q. Could you summarize your conclusions?
3 A. .In summary, the presumption by Mr.AP that the 9 subsurface water beneath the cooling lake will have the same 10 radionuclide concentration as the cooling lake is a conserva-t; tive one. In my opinion, the actual radiunuclide concentra-ti ns should in fact be considerably less.
12 Q. Does that complete your testimony?
13
,, A. Yes.
O 15 17
, 13 19 20 21 22 23 24
4 ,
i REFERENCES
- 1. Brings, W. A., 1967. "91stribution of Cobalt 60, Zinc 65, Strontium 85, and Cesium 137 in a Freshwater Pond," Environmental Health Services, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, PHS Publ. No. 999-RH-24. <
- 2. Eichholtz, G. G., 1976. Environmental Aspects of Nuclear Power, Ann Arbor Science Publ. Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
- 3. Fletcher, J. F. and W. L. Dotson, 1971. " HERMES - A Digital Computer Ccde for Estimating Regional Radiological Effects from the Nuclear Power Industry,"
USAEC Report HEDL-TME-71-168, Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory.
- 4. Friend, A. G., 1903. "Research Studies on the Clinch River and Mohawk River," in Studies on the Fate of Certain Radionuclides in Estuaries and Other Aquatic Environments, U. 5. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Environmental Health Services, Public Health Service, Division of Radiological Health, Publ. No. 999-R-3.
- 5. Friend, A. G., A'. H. Story, C. R. Henderson, and.K. A.
Busch, 1965. " Behavior of Certain Radionuclides Released into Fresh-Water Environments, Annual Report 1959-1960," Environmental Health Services, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
- 6. Houston Lighting and Power Company, 1973. " Environmental Report, Allens Creek, Nuclear Generating Station, Units 1 and 2," Docket Nos. 50-466 and 50-467, August 24.
- 7. Houston Lighting and' Power. Company, 1977. " Supplement to the Environmental Report, Allens Creek. Nuclear' -
Generating Station, Unit 1," Docket 50-466, August.
- 8. Orcutt, R. G., M. N. E. Rifai, G. Klein, and W. J.
Kaufman, 1961. Underground Movement of Radioactive Wastes, Sewage and -Industrial Wastes 19 (7) : -791-804.
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- 9. Soldet, J. K., R. M. Robinson, D. C. Baker, 1974.
"Models and Computer Codes for Evaluating Environmental Radiation Doses," USAEC Report BNWL-1754, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, February.
- 10. Thompson, S. E., C. A. Burton, D. J. Turin, Y. C. Ng, 1972. " Concentration Factors of Chemical Elements in Edible Aquatic Organisms," UCRL-50564, Rev.-1, October.
l
- 11. Thompson, Warren, 1978. The Disposal of Solid Low-Level Radioactive Waste. Masters Thesis. The
- University of Texas at Austin.
i
- 12. U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1974. " Final Environmental
! Statement, Allens Creek Nuclear Generating Station, l Units 1 and 2," Docket Nos. 50-466 and 50-467, Directorate of Licensing, November, j 13. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1977a. " Estimating Aquatic Disperson of Effluents from Accidental and
- 1 Routine Reactor Releases for the Purpose of Imple-
! menting Appendix I." Regulatory Guide 1.113, Washington, D.C. 20555.
- 14. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1977b. " Calculation of Annual Doses to Man from Routine Releases of Reactor Effluents for the Purpose of Evaluating Compliance with 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix I."
Regulatory Guide 1.109, Revision 1, Washington, D.C. 20555.
l
- 15. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1978. " Final Supplement to the Final Environmental Statement, Allens Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Unit No.
1," Docket No. 50-466, August.
I
- 16. West, Richard, 1980. Personal C'ommunication.
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ATTACHMENT 1 Biographical Data NEAL E. ARMSTRONG , Ph.D.
Personal Information Date of Birth: 29 January 1941 Marital Status: Married to To Ann H. Armstrong i
Children: Terry Lynn (April 11, 1961) l Kevin Neal (June 9,1970)
Joanna Lea (May 12, 1974) i Education B.A. in Zoology,1962, University of. Texas , Austin i M. A. in Zoology (Algal Physiology),1965, University of Texas, Austin Ph.D. in Engineering (Environmental Health Engineering,1968 University of Texas , Austin Awards , Honors , and Scholarsnios 195 8 Sears Foundation Scnolarship 1962 N.S.F. Fellowsnip for Advanced Studies in Marine Sciences 1963-67 U.S.P.H.S. Fellowship 1967 Wno's Who in tne West 1968 American Men of Science 12th Edition i 1972 Who's Who in the Southwest l 1975 Engineering Foundation Adviscry Council Award 1978 Outstanding Young Men of America l
Professional Affiliations l
Water Pollution Control Federation i Ecological Society of America Society of Limnology and Oceanography International Association of Water Pollution Research Gulf Estuarine Research Society Estuarine Research Federation i
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Noel E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continu2d)
Experience Record While in School 1958-59 Institute of Marine Science, University of Texas. Laboratory Assistant. Summers. Labcratory Assistant on the following research projects:
Determination of the biomass of vertebrates and inver-tebrates in the Upper Laguna Madre Bay of Texas through field collections and laboratory analyses.
Determination of primary productivity and community metabolism in the Upper Laguna Madre Bay of Texas using the light and dark bottle method and the diurnal curve oxygen method.
Texas Game and Fish Commission creel census of fish caught in the Laguna Madre Bay of Texas.
Determination of metabolic rates of fish, shrimp and crabs of the Laguna Madre Bay of Texas.
1959-62 University of Texas. Laboratory Assistant to Dr. Clark Hubbs conducting speciation studies on fresh water fishes cf Texas, temperature tolerance of anuran ard fish develop-ment and classification and care of the University of Texas fish collection.
1962 University of Texas. Computer Programmer. Wrote programs for calculating species diversity and productivity by diurnal curve method and processed data from Texas bays using both of these programs.
Determined community production and respiration of a blue-green algae mat from one of the Texas bays. Determined the electro-motive potential characteristics of the mat and the variation of electrical. power output from the mat with light.
i 1963 University of Texas. Academic Assistant for laboratory i course in Invertebrate Zoology with Dr. Bassett Maguire.
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- 1964-65 University of Texas. Investigated the Hill reaction of j photosynthesis using hydrocuinone as an oxidant in the laboratory of Dr. Jack Myers.
l 1965-67 University of Texas. Coordinator of Model River System i Project under Dr. Earnest F. Gloyna. Directed team of six doctoral candidates in research on the dispersion, transport
- and sorption of radioactive materials in a medel river. Research l included extensive field work on the model river for sampling, i laboratory analyses and development of differential equations to describe transport as well as the development of numerical and analytical solutions to these eq uations.
l
Nat.1 E. Armstreng, Ph. D. (Continued Industrial Experience l l 1967-68 Engineering-Science, Inc., Research and Development Lab-oratory, Oakland, California, Research Engineer. Partici-l pated in following projects:
i San. Juan Bay, Puerto Rico. Evaluatqd available water quality data for San Juan Bay to determine waste treatment needs for municipal discharges
! to the Bay, and wrote chapter in final report j dealing with water quality evaluation.
l San Francisco Bay-Delta Water Quality Control Program. Program Manager for two tasks, Eco-logy of the Bay ($75 000) and Water Quality Cri-teria ($43,000) of this $2.4 nullion study for the State of California. Directed sampling and analysis of water and sediment quality and microplankton, zooplankton and benthic animal populations, labora-tory experiments in algal culture and growth, lab-
, oratory bioassays for acute toxicity, special programs
- in pesticide sampling and analysis. in Bay water and sediment and waste discharges, and the development of water quality criteria for nutrients, pesticides, toxicity, and floating matter in waste-discharges.
The criterion for toxicity was based on a correlation between the relative toxicity of waste discharges and the diversity of the benthic ammal populations using a species diversity index. Management respon-l sibilities included schedule and budget control, coordi-nation of staff comprised of biologists, engineers and laboratory technicians and preparation of 30, 60 and 90 percent progress reports and final reports for each ,
task.
San Francisco Bay, Standard Oil Refinery. Project Manager.
on this $23,.000 project to determine effects of refin-l ery waste on benthic animals in the inter-tidal zone.
l Developed sampling and analytical program for wastes and receiving water quality, sediment characteristics-and benthic animals, schedule, budget and manpower requirements and staff coordination.
i Patuxent River, Maryland. DeveloWJ waste treat-l ment needs for municipal discharge r.aar Laurel, l
Maryland by evaluating water quality of river up-stream and downstream of discharge point. Parti-l cipated in writing final report.
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Nsd E. Armetrong, Ph. D. (Continund) 1968-70 Engineering-Science, Inc. (H. F. I_udwig and Assoc. ), New York, New York, Assistant Office Manager. Participated in following projects:
l Spring Creek Auxiliary Water Pollution Control Project. Assistant _ Project Manager of this three year, $1.2 million project for the City of New York to investigate the effects of combined sewer overflows on the water quality of Jamaica Bay, New York, to determine the critical parameters associated with the overflows, and to recommend control measures. Directed, participated and trained staff in sampling programs and data anal-ysis and interpretation of data for combined sewer, i storm water and treatment plant discharge, water quality, sediment characteristics and microplankton, zooplankton and benthic animals of Jamaica Bay, and special programs in productivity, sediment oxygen uptake, toxicity, heavy metals, pesticides, labora-tory algal growth tests and effects of dredging. Also participated in the development and use of steady-state and dynamic mathematical models of Jamaica Bay for the transport of conservative and non-conser-vative materials. Functionally the Project Manager l
for Years I and II and responsible for job control, schedule and budget, laboratory set-up, and direction of staff of sanitary and hydraulic engineers, modellers, biologists and laboratory technicians. Also responsible for preparation of progress, Advisory Board, annual and task reports.
i Cahu Water Quality Program, Hawaii. Participated in development of work program and work plans for this $750,000 study to develop a water quality manage-ment program for the Island of Oahu and especially for two areas of work dealing with an evaluation of the existing State of Hawaii water quality standards and the conduct of special programs in biostimulation (algal growth resulting from waste discharges), toxi-city, turbidity and floatables. Aided in formulating i contract among members of the consortium conduc-ting the study and between consortium and City of Honolulu.
1 Proposals. Participated in the development of pro-posals for: detecting gas movement in old sanitary
. landfills that would andanger buildings constructed
Naal E. Armetrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
I on the landfills ($7,000); treatment process to treat waste from ice cream manufacturer
($20,000); and a harbor-wide water quality management study of New York Harbor and Bight (Planning Phase $100,000 for one year, Program Phase $5.0 million for four years).
1970-71 Engineering-Science, Inc. Washington. 9. C. Manager, Research and Development Laboratory. Responsible for management of five sanitary engineers and biological scientists, development of laboratory facilities for conducting analyses, developing quarterly operating and sales budgets, direct sales, and responsible for all projects conducted by the Research and Development Labor-atory. Managed and/or participated in the following projects:
Occoquan Reservoir, Virginia, Project Manager on this $7,000 study for the County of Fairfax, Virginia, to evaluate a report on the problems of eutrophication in the Occoquan Reservoir pre-
, pared by Dr. Clair Sawyer of Metcalf and Eddy,
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Inc. for the State of Virginia. The evaluation centered on the conclusions drawn from the Metcalf and Eddy 18 month study and the suitability of their recommendations to alleviate eutrophic con:litions in the Reservoir for guiding long-range planning by the County.
Occoquan Reservoir, Virginia. Project Manager on development of a work program for a compre-hensive water rascurces management study of the Occoquan Reservoir watershed. This planning phase
($11,200) was initiated by the County of Fairfax, Virginia, as a result of the above evaluation of the Metcalf and Eddy report on the Reservoir. The comprehensive study was anticipated to cost between
$250,000 and $300,000.
l Puerto Rico Oceanographic Study. Project Manager of Engineering-Science's participation ($60,000) as advisor to this $234,000,14 month study. Study was to develop basic oceanographic data on currents.
density structure and water quality around Puerto Rico and especially at ten waste disposal sites where marine cutfalls may be constructed in the -
j next few years. Played major role in evaluating
! available data, developing sampling programs for oceanographic criteria and special programs and preparing work plans, schedule, budget and first Project Control Board Report.
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Neal E. Arm::trong, Ph. D. (Continu:d)
Bull Run Treatment Plants Evaluation. Project Manager for the evaluation of five package treat-ment plants in the Bull Run drainage shed for the County of Fairfax, Virginia. This $9,000 study included sampling of the plants and a laboratory pilot plant study of BOD, solids and phosphorous removal by chemical precipitation. Recommenda-tions were made in areas of operation process control and advanced waste treatment alternatives.
l Proposals. Participated in the development of l prcposals for: determining the presenca of hazard-ous gases in sanitary landfills using a simple check list ($100,000); locating the proper site for a waste outfallin the Potomac estuary ($87,000); designing a treatment facility for Coast Guard vessels.
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Neal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
University of Texas at Austin 1971 - The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Civil Date Engineering, Environmental Health Engineering Labora-tories, Associate Professor of Ocean Engineering.
Cours'es Taught CE 341 Environmental Pollution Engineering i
CE 358 Introductory Ocean Engineering MnS 352.8 Estuarine Ecology CE 385K.2 Stream and Estuarine Analysis CE 385K.3 Stream and Estuarine Analysis II (Developed and initiated this course)
CE 388P Environmental Engineering of Energy Systems
-(Extensively revised this course)
CE 397.5 Ocean Engineering Problems (Developed and initiated this course)
CE 397 Marine and Estuarine Pollution (Pollution Biology)
MnS 392.8 Estuarine Ecology CE 393M Environmental Health Engineering Research Seminar CE 698 Thesis CE 699 Dissertation Courses Extensively Revised CE 388P Environmental Engineering of Energy Systems CE 385K Stream and Estuarine Analysis (Fall &
Spring 1976-7, Expanded to two-semester j course) l Courses Develooed and Initiated CE 385K.3 Stream and Estuarine Analysis II CE 397.5 Ocean Engineering Problems l
CE 397 Marine and Estuarine Pollution (Pollution Biology) 1973 Acting Director, University of Texas Mcrine Science Institute (March 2.7-December 1) 1973 Acting Chairman, Marine Studies Program, Division of General and Comparative Studies (January 1-December 1) l i
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Ntal E. Armstrong, Ph. O. (Continusd)
Important Consulting Work (other than industrial experience):
l Flume Project (1969), The University of Texan. with E. F. Gloyna, advising several students on their research and reviewing technical reports.
Galveston Ba'y.?roject (1970), The University of Texas, with B. J.
Copeland working on relationships between wasto Snharges and the Bay's biological populations.
Acapulco Bay Water Quality Manageme:1t v:chj @/1-1972), Engineering-Science, Inc. , review of water quality wJ lydrographic data in Acapulco Say and recommendations for l'o cation of we:.re discharges.
Spring Crs.sk Auxiliary Water Pollution Control Project (1972), Engi-neering-Science, Inc.. review of interim reports prepared by H. F. Ludwig and Assoc. for the City of New York and the Environ-mental Protection Agencf.
Department of Marine Studies (1973), Division of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Texas. Preparation of proposal for Department of Marine Studies to be submitted to the Texas Coordi- ,
nating Board.
Bay of Thailand Water Quality Study (January 1975 to Aug.1975). r Southeast Asia Technology Co. , Ltd. Advise on studies to be conducted regarding effects of nuclear power plant installation.
Mekong River Study, Mekong Committee, Bangkok, Thailand (March 1975 to Aug.1975) Providing aavice regarding methods to be used to detennine impact of reservoir construction on Iower Mekong River.
Use of Blue-Green Algae-Brine Shrimp System for Treatment of Briney Waste (September 1975 to present). Dow Chemical Company, F%eport, Texas. Advise on laboratory and pilot plant studies l
using this unique treatment process.
San Marcos River Study, Espey, Huston and Associates, Austin, Texas (September 1974 to May 1975). Served on Texas Water Develo'pment Board Advisor / Board for the Project.
Santos Bay and Estuary (Brazil), Water Quality Management Study (July 1975 to present) . Pan American Health Organization. Developed water quality management study plan for project and advised PAHO and Brazilian agencies regarding implementation of plan.
Oxidation Pond Effluent Quality, Standard Oil Company (1975).
Prepared affidavit regarding the applicability of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency effluent limitations to oxidation pond effluents .
Calcasieu River Study, Cities Service Co. (1977). Studied impact of arine discharge on the Calcasieu River and estuary.
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Neal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continu:d)
Important Consultina Work (other tnan industrial experience) (continued):
Turtle Headstarting Program, National Marine Fisnery Service (1978). Advised on treatment techniques for purifying recycled water in turtle natenery being built at Galveston, Texas.
Coastal Zone Management in Brazil, State of Sao Paulo (1978).
Porposed objectives and structure for coastal zone planning agency in the State of Sao Paulo Public Works Department.
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Nsal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continund)
RefereedTournal Publications:
" Mobility of Partially Submerged Shells," L.S. Kornicker and N'.E. Armstrong, Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. 6 : 171-185 ,
1959.
" Development Temperature Tolerances of Texas and Arkansas-Missouri Etheostoma soectabile (Percidae, Osteichthyes) ," C . Hubbs and N .E . Armstrong ,
Ecoloov 43 : 742-744, 1962.
l " Photoelectric Ecosystem ," N.E. Armstrong and H.T. Odum, l Science 143 : 256-257, 1963.
" Experiments with Engineering of Marine Ecosystems ,"
H .T. Odum , W.L. Siler, R .J. Beyers and N .E. Armstrong ,
Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. 9 : 373-403, 1963.
" Consequences of Small Storage Capacity in Nannonplankton Pertinent to Measurement of Primary Production in Tropical Waters , " H.T. Cdum, R.J. Beyers and N.E. Armstrong, Journal of Marine Research 21 : 191-198, 1963.
" Direction for the Determination of Changes in Carbon Dioxide Concentration from Changes in pH," R.L. Beyers, J . L. Larimer, H .T . Odum , R . B . Parker and N . E . Arms trong ,
Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. 9 : 454-489, 1963.
" Environmental Determination of Insular Variation in Bird Species Abundance in the Gulf of Guinea," T.H. Hamilton and N .E. Armstrong, Nature , 207 : (4993),148-151, July 10,1965.
" Development of a Gross Toxicity Criterion in San Francisco Bay," N .E . Armstrong , P . N . Storrs and E . A . Pearson ,
in_ Proceedings of the 5th International Water Pollution l
Research Conference, July-August 1970, San Francisco, j California, pp. III-1/1-1/15,1971.
l l " Significance of Ecological Factors in Estuarine Water Quality l Assessment Jamaica Bay Study," W. Eckhoff, N.E. Armstrong l and M. Lang,1 Proceedings of the 5th International Water l
Pollution Research Conference, July-August 1970, San Francisco, California,1971.
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" Steps to Understanding Ecological Assessment of Pollution,"
N.E. Armstrong, i1 ! Proceedings of the 6th International l Conference on Water Pollution Research, June 1972, ;
Jerusalem,1973. l l
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.was c. scmuuung, ru.u. wonunuear ReferesiTournal Publications (Continued):
"A Boundary Value Approach for Estuarine Water Quality Modelling with Results for Jamaica Bay, New York," 8. J. Olufeagba, R. H. Flake and N. E. Armstrong, International Journal on Ecological Modeling , Vol.1, No.1, Elsevier Publ. Co., March,1975.
" Influence-of Flooding and Tides on Nutrient Exchange from a Texas Marsh , " N. E. Armstrong and M. O. Hinson, Jr. ,
in Recent Advances in Estuarine Research, Proceedings oTFourth Biennial Estuarine Research Conference held at Mt. Pocono, Pa. , October 2-5, 1977. (Accepted April 1978) l i
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Neal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continu:d) l Other Tournal Publications:
" Minimum Development Temperature Tolerance of Two Anurans ,
Scachiopus couchi and Mjerchvla olivacea," C. Hubbs and N. E. Armstrong, The Texas Tournal of Science 13:
358-362, 1961.
" Mathematical Models for the Dispersion of Radionuclides in Aquatic Systems ," N. E. Armstrong and E. F. Gloyna, Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Radio-ecology, May 15-17, 1967.
" Numerical Solutions of Radionuclide Transpcrt Equations,"
N. E. Armstrong and E. F. Gloyna, AICHE Symposium Series, 1968.
"Model River Studies," N. E. Armstrong, L. W. Canter and E. F. Gloyna, Water and Wastes Engineering, July 1968.
" Biological Effects of Waste Discharges on Coastal Receiving Waters ," N. E. Armstrong and P. N. Storrs , Report to the NAS-NAE Steering Committee on Coastal Waste Management June 1969, ir. Background Papers on Coastal Wastes Manage-ment, Volume I, Paper XII,1970.
" Biological Countermeasures for the Mitigation of Hazardous Material Spills," Proceedings of the 1974 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills , AIChE, August 1974.
"Use of Biological Countermeasures for Removal of Hazardous Material Spills," Proceedings of the 1976 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills , U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 1976.
" Hydrologic Transport of Radionuclides - An Assessment of Modeling Pracrices , " Earnest F. Goyna , RanaId D. Taylor, William H. Espey, Jr. , and Neal E. Armstrong . Background Paper for the Workshop on the Evaluation of Models Used for the Environmental Assessment of Radionuclides held by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory at Gatlinburg, Tenn.
on September 6-9, 1977.
i "Jamica Bay - Engineenng/ Scientific Advances in Water Pollution Control Tecnnology, " Neal E. Armstrong , David W. Ecknoff, and Harvey F. Ludwig, Preprint of the ASCE Annual and National Environmental Engineering Meeting, New York, New York , October 19-22, 1970.
" Transport of Organic and Radioactive Wastes," Neal E. Armstrong, Larry W. Canter, and Earnest F. Gloyna, Water and Wastes Engineering, The Reubn H. Donnelley Corporation, July 1968.
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Neal E. Armstrong, Fn.U. (Continuec t ~
Research and Consulting Recorts (of which Prof. Armstrong was Principal Author):
1967-68 (with William Gates and Timothy Shea) Biologic-Ecologic Studies. Task VII-lb Final Report, San Francisco Bay Delta Water Quality Control Program, State of California, 1968, 210 pp.
SVitn William Gates and Timothy Shea) Study of Ouality Parameters.
Task IV-3 Final Report, San Francisco Bay Delta Water Quality Control Program, State of California, 1968,252 pp.
(with Ernesto Espino, William Gates and Timothy Shea) Study of Water Quality Parameters, Appendix C (Supplement Volume). Reduced Scale Pesticide Study, San Francisco Eay Delta Water Quality l
Control Program, State of California, 1968, 73 pp. .
" Radioactivity Transport in Water-Numerical Solutions of Radionuclide l
Transport Equations and Role of Plants in Sr-85 Transport," N. E.
Armstrong and E. F. Gloyna. Technical Report 14 to the U. S.
i Atomic Energy Commission, Contract AT (11-1)-490, University of Texas, Tanuary 1968.
1968-69 l (with David Eckhoff) Scring Creek Auxiliary Water Pollution Control l Profect Adviso v Board Report. Report to the City of New York, December 7,1968, 81 pp.
! (with David Eckhoff) Spring Creek Auxiliarv Water Pollution Control I Profect Adviserv Board Report. Report to the City of New York, March 22,1969, 60 pp.
1969-70 (with David Eckhoff) Retino Creek Auxiliary Water Pollution Control Project Adviserv Board Report. Report to the City of New York, '
February 7,19 70, 73 pp.
l (with David Eckhoff) Spring Creek Auxiliary Water Pollution Control i Profect Advisorv Board Reoort. Report to tne City of New York, l August 14 , 19 70, 13 6 pp .
(with David Ecknoff and Shiao-Kung Liu) Soring Creek Auxiliarv Water
' Pollution Control P-ofect Final Recort - Year I. Report to the City of New York by H. F. Ludwig and Associates in association with Engineering-Science Inc. , May 1970,199 pp.
l (with Russell Ludwig, James Kumagai and Albert Q. Tom) Work Plans for Canu Water Quality Program. Report to City and Countf of Honolulu by Engineering-Science , Inc; Sunn, Low, Tom and Hara ,
Inc. ; and Dillingnam Corporation, April 1970,110 pp.
(with Andrew Kemmerer) Water Quality Standards and Criteria. 30 Per-cent Progress Report, Oanu Water Quality Program, Report to the City and County of Honolulu by Engineering-Science, Inc. , May 1970, 92 pp.
Neal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continund)
Research and Consulting Reoorts Continued:
1970-71 Review of the Metcalf and Eddy 1969 Occacuan Reservoir Study. Recort -
to Department of Public Works, County of Fairfax, Virginia by Engineering-Science, Inc. , November 1970, 72 pp.
1972-73 (with Melvin O. Hinson) Chapter entitled "Galveston Bay Ecosystem Freshwater Requirements and Phytoplankton Productivity" in Final Report of Glaveston Bay Project - Toxicity Studies to TWQB,1973.
1973-74 (with David W. Neleigh) " Mass Emission Rates for Selected Toxic Materials Discharged to the Galveston Bay System," August 1974.
(with Melvin O. Hinson, Tr. , James H. Collins , and E. Gus Fruh)
"Biogeochemical Cycling of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phoschorus in Saltwater Marshes of Lavaca Bay, Texas," Report to the
- Texas Water Development Board, August 1974.
1974-75 (with P. L. Parker, D. E. Wohlschlag, C. Van Boalen, C. H. Oppenheimer)
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" Environmental Limits for Galveston Bay - Galveston Bay Project,"
Report to the Texas Water Quality Board by the Marine Science Institute and the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas, Tanuary 1975.
1975-76 (with Anita I. Dawson) " Exchange of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Lavaca Bay, Texas Marshes. Vol. II, The Role of Plants in l Nutrient Exchange in the Lavaca Bay Brackish Marsh System,"
l Report to the Texas Water Development Board for IAC(74-75)-1217, September 1975. .
(with Alan Goldstein) " Determination of Effects of Cow Chemical.
Company Discharge on Temperatures and Organisms of the Lower Brazos River," Report to the Dow Chemical Company, Texas Division,- December 1975.
"Effect of Algae in Oxidation Pond Effluents on Receiving Waters,"
' Affidavit prepared for the Chevron Research Company, Standard Oil of California, Richamond, California, November 1,1975.
1976-77 (with Billy A. Brown) " Exchange of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Lavaca Bay, Texas Marshes. Vol . I. The~ Role of Sediments in Nutrient Exchange in the Lavaca Bay Brackish Marsh System,"
Report to the Texas Water Development Board for IAC (74-75)-1217, December 1975. .
(with V. Nadine Garden) " Exchange of Carbon, Nitroge , and Phosphorus in San Antonio and Nueces Bay, Texas Marshes ," Report to the Texas Water Development Board for IAC(76-771-0610, July 1977.
" Development and Documentation of Mathematical Models for the-Paraiba River Basin Study, Volume II-DOSAGM: Silulation of Water Quality in Streams and Estuaries. " Report to the World Health Organization, PAHO/WHO, and the State Government of Sao Paulo, Federal Republic of Brazil, UNDP Profect BRA /71/547 and WHO Project BRA-2340, Center for
! Research in Water Resources. CRWR-145.
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Neal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
Research and Consultine Reports (Continued):
(with V. N. Gordon) " Exchange Rates for Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in the Colorado River Delta Marshes," Report to the Texas Water Development Board for IAC (76-77),
CRWR-153, EHE 77-06.
(with V. N. Gordon and S. E. Harris) " Exchange Rates for Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in the Trinity River Delta Marshes,"
Report to the Texas Water Development Board for IAC (76-77)-
1689, August 1977, CRWR 154, EHE 77-07.
1977-78 (with E . F. Gloyna , O . Wys s)
" Feasibility of Biological Countermeasures for Mitigating the Effects of Hazardous Material Spills ," Report to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, August 1978.
"Use of Artemia for Treating an Organic-Brine Waste ," Report to Dow Chemical U.S.A. , Texas Division, August 1978.
(with L.W. Mays, R.W. Miksad and O. Roels) "OTEC/Mariculture System - Mariculture System Cost Analysis ," Report to Exxon Enterprises, :nc. , July,1978.
N :1 E. Armstrong, Ph. D. (Continusd)
Invited Papers and Lectures:
1969-70
" Ecosystem-Pollution Interactions in San Francisco Bay," N. E. Armstrong, P. N. Storrs and H. F. Ludwig. Presented at the 1969 WPCF Annual Conference, Dallas, Texas, 5-10 October 1969. To be presented for publication in the WPCF Journal.
" Assessment of Pollution-Water Quality-Ecosystem Interactions in Jamaica Bay," N. E. Armstrong and M. Lang. Presented at tee 42nd Annual Meeting of the New York Water Pollution Control Association, New York City, January 24, 1970.
" Jamaica Bay-Cesspool or Jewel?" N. E. Armstrong. Presented at the 25th Annual Convention of the Federation of Science Teacher Associ-ations, New York City, March 14, 1970.
1970-71
" Water PoHution Control in Jamaica Bay, New York. " Presented at Cornell University Department of Water Resources Engineering Colloquiem Series, October 22, 1970.
" Jamaica Bay - Engineering / Scientific Advances in Water Follution Control Technology. " N. E. Armstrong, D. W. Eckhoff and H. F. Ludwig, Presented at the ASCE Annual Meeting, New York City, October 1970.
" Framework for Consideration of Human-Environment Interactions. "
Presented at the Water Resources Seminar, North Carolina State University, Department of Zoology, February 16,1971.
" Water Pollution Controlin San Francisco Bay-Delta and Jamaica Bay, New York--Case Histories. " Presented at the Water Quality-Ecological Management of Estuaries Short' Course. The University of Texas at Austin, April 8,1971.
" Water Quality Monitoring. " (with E. F. Gloyna). Presented at the 1971 Joint Automatic Control Conference, St. Louis, August 11,1971.
1971-72 "Whter Pollution Control in Jamaica Bay, New York." Presented at the University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, Texas, October 27, 1971. I l
" Steps to Understanding Ecciogical Assessment of Pollution. " Presented at the 6th International Conference on Water Pollution Research, Israel,1972. -
1973-74
" Monitoring of Pollution. " Presented at the Conference on Man, Medicine and the Environment, Galveston, Texas, January 17-18, 1974, 1
Neal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
Invited Papers and Lectures (Continued):
" Biological Countermeasures for the Mitigation of Hazardous Material Spills," Presented at the 1974 National Conference on Contori of Hazardous Material Spills , AIChE, August 1974.
I l 1974-75 l " Exchange of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in a Brackish Marsh of Iavaca Bay, Texas." Presented at the 3rd Biennial International Esturaine Research Conference, Galveston, Texas, October 6-9, 1975. .
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" Temperature Tolerance Studies of Organisms in the Lower Brazos River," Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, March ,1975 .
" Effluent Quality for Maintaining Estuarine Water," Presented at the Conference on Ponds as a Wastewater Treatment Alter-native, University of Texas , July 22-24, 1975.
1975-76
" Exchange of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Texas Bay Marshes Presented at the 1975 Biennual Estuarine Research Federation Conference, Galveston, Texas , October 1975.
"Use of Biological Countermeasures for Removal of Hazardous Material Spills," Presented at the 1976 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills , New Orleans, April,1976.
"Research'on Biological Cc antermeasures ," Interview with Jack Kelley on Directions and braodcast on KUT-FM, the Ionghorn Radio Network, May 3,1976..
1976-77 "Research Needs in Ecological Impact Analysis," Presented to Environmental Protection Agency-Water Pollution Control Federation Workshop on Research and Development Needs in Environmental Pollution Control, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Washington, D.C. , March 30, 1977.
" Nutrient Exch'ange in Texas Marshes ," Presented at the University of Texas Marine Science Laboratory, Port Aransas , Texas, March 21,1977.
" Nutrient Exchange in Lavaca Bay, Texas Marshes," Presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of the Texas Academy of Sciences, Baylor University, Waco , Texas, March 11, 1977.
1977-78
" Influence of Flooding and Tides on Nutrient Exchange from a Texas Ma rsh , " Presented at the Fourth Biennial Estuarine Research Conference held at Mt. Pocono, Pa., October,1977.
Neal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
Reviews :
1973-74 i Review of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Draft Environmental l
Impact Statement on Shell Dredging in San Antonio Bay, Texas dated October 19, 1973. December 1973. Reviewed at the request of State Senator William Patman.
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Most E. Armstrong, en.U. (Conunuec) .
l Discussions:
1974-75 ,
Discussian of paper, "A Preliminary Eutrophication Model of l Shallow Fjords," by Karl Iver Dahl-Madsen and Eivnd l Gargas . Presented at the 7th International Conference on i Water Pollution Research, Paris, France, September 1974.
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Neal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued) 1 Books and Manuals:
Chapters in Books:
" Ecological Aspects of Stream Pollution," N . E . Armstrong ,
E. F. Gloyna and B. J. Copeland, Advances in Water Quality Improvement, Water Resources Symposium No.1, Ed. by E. F. Gloyna and W. W. Eckenfelder, Jr. ,1968.
" Water Quality for Ecological Stability," E. Gus Fruh, N. E.
Armstrong and B. J. Copeland,M Conflicts in Water Resources Planning - What cre the Remedies? , Ed. by E. F. Gloyna and W. S. Butcher,1972.
" Effluent Quality for Maintaining Estuarine Water," N. E. Armstrong Proceedings of Ponds as a Waste Treatment Alternative, University of Texas, Center for Research in Water Resources, August,1976.
" Estuarine Water Quality," in The Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, E. M. Ziegler and J. R. Pfafflin (eds),
Gordan and Breech, Science Publishers , Inc. , New York,1976.
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nem e,. armarong, rn.v. Nonunuec; Technical and Professional Society Assignments:
1967-68
" Man's Effect on the Gulf of Mexico. " Gulf University Research Corp. Developed proposals for research projects in the bays and estuaries along the Gulf Coast, December 1967.
1968-69 Member on Committee on " Biological Effects on Receiving Waters." National Academy of Sciences Committee on Oceanogran.ty--National Academy of Engineering Committee on Ocean Engineering joint conference at Jackson Hole, Wyoming to develop waste management concepts for the I coastal zone, for the Feder al Water Pollution Control Admin-l 1stration. Prepared background paper and actively participated l in proceedings and preparation of final report. (July 1969).
1969-70 Paper evaluation committee for International Association for Water Pollution Research Conference held in San Francisco, California during summer 1970, 1969.
1971-72 .
Committee on Ecology, Water Pollution Control Federation.
General objective of this newly formed committee is to develop
". . . guidelines applicable to the design and operation of waste management systems such that such systems will have minimum adverse impact on our ecology (Erman A. Pearson, Chairman). "
(1971 to present), Member.
Offshore Technology Conference. Ocean Engineering Review Committee , 1971.
1972-73 Undergraduate Environmental Engineering Curriculum Committee, American Association of Professors of Sanitary Engineering.
Develop curriculum for undergraduate environmental engineering students (Spring 1972 to Spring 1973), Member.
1973-74 Paper evaluation Committee for International Association for Water Pollution Research to be held in Paris, France in 1974
$pdng 1973 to December 1973).
Panel on Coastal Water Management Practices, Marine Board, National Academy of Engineering. Participated in the development of a position paper regarding the discharge of wastewaters to the marine environment. (September 1,1973 to December,1975) .
l Gulf Estuarine Research Society, Secretary-Treasurer (October 1973 to October 1975) .
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(Centinued on next page)
Neal E. Arfnstrong, Ph.D. (Continued) ~
Technical and Professional Society Assignments (Continued):
, Panel on Ecosystem Analysis, Study Committee on Water Quality
, Policy, Environmental Studies Board, National Research Council, Chairman (June 1974 to June 1977). Represented the Study Committee on Water Quality Policy to the Joint Panel on Ecosystem Analysis and in that capacity participated in discussions , workshops , and preparation of a report (essentially as co-author) on the state-of the-art of ecosystem modeling and analysis. The report was submitted to the National Commission on Water Quality following extensive review. Also organized and prepared review guidelines for a review t
panel consisting of 60 individuals around the country to review con-
! tractor reports to the National Commission on Water Quality dealing with the environmental impacts of the 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Joint Panel on Ecosystem Analysis, National Research Council /
The Institute of Ecology, Vice-Chairman (June 1974 to June 1977) .
Participated in discussions, workshops, and report preparation.
As Vice Chairman of the Joint Panel, I assisted the Chairman in the conduct of panel meetings, participated in the development of the program for two workshops which were held in Austin, Texas, was in charge of local arrangements for these two workshops, and was co-editor with the Joint Panel Chairman of the final report of the Joint Panel.
Study Committee on Water Quality Policy, Environmental Studies Board, National Research Council (June 1974 to June 1977). This Ccmmittee was organized to provide advice to the National Commission on Water Quality which was chaired by Vice President Rockefeller, This Committee met frequently and prepared a final report for submission to the National Commission.
Joint Panel on Ecosystem Analysis Workshop on Ecosystem Analysis.
Organization and hosting (December 5-7,1974 and January 7-9, 1975).
Local Arrangements Committee, Chairman, Estuarine Research Federation, Biannual Conference , Galvesten , Texas (October 6-9, 1975). In charge of making final arrangements for conference facilities including conference rooms, audio-visual aids , tours, exhibits , and to some extent accommodations.
Associate Editor of International Journal on Ecological Modelling and Engineering and Systems Ecology (September 1974 to present).
l Program Committee, 8th International Conference on Water Pollution Research, Sydney, Australia, Cetober 1976, International Association f on Water Pollution Research.
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Ncal E. Armstrong , Ph.D. (Continued)
Technical and Professional Society Assianments (Continued):
Gulf Estuarine Research Society, President-Elect (October 1975 to October 1976).
Estuarine Research Federation, Vice President (October 1975 to October 1977)
Committee ort. Ecology, Water Pollution Control Federation, Chairman (1975 to October,1976).
Estuarine Reseaich Federation, Program Committee, Chairman. Prepare program for 1977 Biannual Conference on Recent Advances in Estuarine Re search.
Gulf Estuarine Research Society, President (October 1976 to 1977)
Grants and Contracts:
Project Title and Associate Source of Begin and Total Fiscal Year Supervision Investigators Su pport End Dates Grant Expenditures 1:xpenditures "Galveston Bay Project - Toxicity TWQB Sept 1971- $196,000 71-72, $156,000 $15,000 Studies," (C. II. Oppenheimer, D. Dec 1972 72-73, 40,000 5,000 E. Wohlschlag , C. Van Baalen)
"Iluman-Environment Impact Modeling" BER (UTA) Sept 1971- $ 3,000 71-72,$ 3,000 $ 3,000 Aug 1972
" Evaluation of Compdterized TWDB Sept 1972- $ 39,000 72-73, S 39,000 $39,000 Methods for Coastal Canal Environ- Aug 1973 mental Impact Determination"
" Estuarine Water Quality - Blota BER(UTA) ' Sept 1972- $ 4,000 72-73,$ 1,000 $ 2,000 Models" (Robert Flake) Aug 1973
" Ocean Engineering Progrum Devel- BER(UTA) ,
Sept 1973- $ 10,000 72-73,S 5,000 $5,000 opment " Aug 1973 73-74, E.000 "Use of Biological Countermeasures U.S. EPA reb 1974 $205,000 73-74, $102,710 $49,140 to Mitigate the Effects of Hazardous Aug 1976 74-75, 85,000 28,333 Material Spills (E. F. Gloyna arvi 75-76, 17,290 15,000 O. Wyss)
"Biogeochemical Cycling of Carbon, TWDB May 1974- $ 25,000 73-74, $ 25,000 $12,500 Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Salt- Aug 1974 water Marshes and Grassflats of Iavaca Bay, Texas" (C. G. Pruh)
" Exchange of Carbon, Nitrogen, and TWDB Sept 1974- $ 18,000 $ 10,000 $18,000 Phosphorus in lavaca Bay, Texas" Aug 1975
" Determination of Effects of Dow Dow Sept 1974 ' $ 23,500 74-75, $ 20,500 $20,500 Chemical Effluent on Temperatures Chemical Dec 1975 75-76,$ 3,000 3,000 and Organisms of Lower Brazos River"
Grants and Contracts (Continued):
Project Title and Associate Source of Begin and Total Piscal Year Supervision Investigators Support End Dates Grant Expenditures Expenditures "Golveston Bay Project - Completion TWQB Mar 1973- S 6.000 73-74, S 6,000 $1,000 Phase" (P. L. Parker, D. E. Jan 1975 Wohlschlag , C. Van Baalen, C. II.
Oppenheimer) ,
" Exchange of Carbon, Nitrogen, and TWDB Sept 1975- $ 18,750 75-76, $18,750 $18,750 Phosphorus in San Antonio and Nucces Bay Marshes"
" Treatment of Organic-Brine Wastes Dow Chem. Oct 1975- $39,395 75-76, $37,000 $37,000 using Artemia" USA Traineeship Grant (J. P. Malina, Jr. USEPA Sept 1976- $28,000 76-77, $28,000 $ 4,700 G . A. liohlich , M . Ilumenick , E . G . Aug 1977 Pruh)
, " Nutrient Exchange in Trinity River TWDB Sept 1976- S 59,980 76-77, $59,980 $59,980 and Colorado River Deltas" Aug .1977
" Continued Studies on Organic- Dow Chem. April 1977- $ 10,000 76-77 $ 2,500 S 2,500 Brine Waste Treatment Using Artemia USA Dec.1978 alKi Impact of Dow W'astes in Brazos River."
" Nutrient Analyses" lower Nueces Ian.1977- $ 1,000 76-77 $ 1,008 $ 1,000 Itiver Water Aug. 1977 Supply Dist.
"A Pre-Impoundment investigation TDWR Dec . 1977- $23,926 77-78, $15,950 $ 7,976 of Water Quality Changes Associated Dec.1978 With Inundation of the Palmetto Bend Reservoir"
" Nutrient Analysis" LNRWSD Dec . 1977- $ 492 77-78, $ 492 $ 492 May 1978
" Nutrient Exchange Studies on TDWR Nov . 1977-the Seagrasses of Texas" Oct .1978 $30,000 77-78, $30,000 $30,000 "OTEC/Mariculture System , Mari- Exxon March l978- $42,489 77-78, $42,489 $ 4,590 culture System Cost Analysis (Oswald Enterprises March 1979 Itoels, Larry Mays, Ricnard Miksad) Inc.
. Grants and Contracts (Continued):
Project Title and Associate Source of Begin and Total Fiscal Year Supervision Investigators Support End Dates Grant I'xpenclitures Expenditures
" Analyses of Nutrient Flux in TDWR May 1978- $ 7,119 77-78 $7,119 $ 7,119 Nueces River" Aug 1978 .
Traineeship Grant (E. G. USEPA Sept 1977- $31,500 77-78 $31,500 $7,875 Frun , J. P. Malina , G. A . Sept .1978
- Rohlich)
Traineeship Grant (J.P. Malina, USEPA Oct. 1978- $28,450 G . A . Rohlich , M .J . Ilumenick , Sept. 1979 4
E.P. Gloyna)
" Effects of the Alteration of USDI/ Oct.1978 - $298,500 Freshwater Inflows on the Eli & li Sept .1981 Matagorda Bay Area, Texas" (C. Ilubbs at UT) e
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N:r.1 E. Armstreng, Ph.D. (Continu:d)
Theses Suoervised as Committee Chairman:
Thesis Student's Name Degree Program Date Title Lowry, Mark V. MS EHE May 1973 " Energy Analysis of Waste-water Treatment" l
Brown, James F. MS EHE Jan 1974 " Water Quality Considera-tions in the Coastal Canal-Palmetto Bend Reservoir to the Lower Rio Grande Valley" Nelson, Robert F. MS EHE Aug 1973 " Development of a Modified Tidar- Prism Model for Water Quality in Galveston Bay, Texas" Peters , David MS EHE May 1974 "The Determination of Dissolved Concentrations Resulting From the Spill of a Solid Bulk Material: An Empirical Develo pment" Hinson, Melvin MA Zoology Jan 1975 "Use of Microcosms to O . , Jr . Assess Toxic Effects of Galveston Bay Waters" Dawson, Anita J. MS EHE Dec 1975 "The Role of Plants in Nutrient Exchange in the Lavaca Bay Brackish Marsh System" Brown, Billy A. MS EHE Dec.1975 " Exchange of Nitroge.n and Phosphorus with Sediments of the Brackish Water Marshes of Lavaca Bay, Texas" l
Goldstein, Alan MA Zoology May 1976 " Tolerance of Striped Bass Eggs, Larvae, and Fingerlings and Striped Mullet Juveniles ~
to High Temperatures" Hoffman , H . Wm . , Ir . MS EHE May 1976 "A Continuous Equation to Describe Bioassay Results for Acute Exposure of Fish to Toxins"
Ncal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
Theses Supervised as Committee Chairman (Continuedh Thesis Student's Name Degree Program Date Title Wagener, Fritz MS EHE Aug 1977 "One Dimensional Mathe-matical Model of the Santos Estuary, Santos, Brazil" Kane , Susan MS EHE Dec 1977 "Use of Daohnia for Oxidation Pond Effluent Polishing" Dickey, Roger O. MS EHE Aug 1978 " Temperature Modelling of the Lower Brazos River" Christeson, Curt MS EHE Dec 1978 "The Feasibility of a Fish Bioassay Screening Test to Detect the Toxicity of Wastewater" Brownley, Dennis MS EHE Aug 1978 "A Statistical Comparison of Coliform Variations" Maddox, Ricnard T. MS EHE " Analysis of Dissolved Oxygen Reaeration Equations" Nellor, Donald MS EHE "Short-Term Exposure Toxicity of Chlorine to the Golden Shiner" Chung, Sae Young MS EHE "Use of an Aufwuchs Bioassay for Toxicity in the Trinity River"
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Ncni E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
Theses Supervised As Committee Member:
Student's Name Degree Program Dt 9 Thesis Title Chen, Tony G. MS EHE August 1972 " Selective With-drawal at Lake Livingston" Lange, William E. MS EHE May 1975 "A Study of Nitrogen in Lake Lyndon B.
Johnson" Chu, Min MS EHE May 1975 " Environmental Impact of Waste Disposal from a Iarge Scale Desalination Plant" Green, George E. MS EHE August 1975 "An Assessment of Phospherus Data Collected from Lake Lyndon B. Johnson" Davenport, James B. MA Zoology August 1975 "Phytoplankton Succession and the Productivity of Individual Algal Species in a Central Texas Reservoir" Richardson, John H. MS EHE August 1975 " Impact on Water Quality and Water Resource s of Nuclear Power Plants in Texas" Hsu, Chi-Wei MS WR December 1977 " Comparison of Anchor Forces On An Offset And A Sc Type Floating Brea Water" Novak, Alex-Eugene , MS EHE December 1977 " Sensitivity Analy Jr. of Parameters Affecting the Migt tion of Contamina:
Following In Situ Coal Gasification
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Ncal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
, Theses Supervised As Committee Member (Continued):
Student's Name Degree Program Date Thesis Title Cook, Stephen L. MS EHE May 1978 "The Mechanics of Phosphorus Release from the Sediments of Lake Lyndon B.
Johnson" ,
Carter, Robert Q. , Jr. MS EHE Dec 1978 "A Review of Waste Stabilization Pord Performance in Alabama" Inompson, Warren T. MS EHE Dec 1978 "The Disposal of Solid Low-Level Radioactive ' Waste "
Barnes, Micnael J. MS EHE Dec 1978 " Urban Rundf Quality Literature Review and Analysis "
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Naal E. Armstrong, Fn.0. (Continuec)
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Reports Supervised As Committee Chairman:
Student's Name DMree Program Date Report Title Neleigh, David MS EHE August " Mass Emission Rates 1974 for Selected Toxic -
Materials Discharged to the Galveston Bay Syster-Holly, Ronald E. MS EHE Dec.1975 " Dissolved Oxygen Model of the Cahaba River System" Riewe, Steve MS EHE Dec.1976 " Applice! " of Holistic -
Parametar to Benthic Organism Posulation ir Jamaica Bay, N. Y.
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Nac1 E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
Reports Supervised As Committee Member:
Student's Name De Jree Program Date Reoort Title Andrews, Howard O. , MS EHE Jan 1975 " Changes la Water Qua:
Jr. Resulting From Impound-ment "
Lozano-Gonzales , MS EHE Dec 1977 " Evaluation of Two '
Eduardo Alternatives for Algae Removal from Waste Stabilization Pond Effluents" I
Neal E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
Dissertations Supervised As Committee Chairman:
Student's Name Decree Program Date Dissertation Title Kim , Tung Wk Ph.D. EHE May 1977" Biological Counter-measures for Spills of Phenol and Methanol" t
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l l Nsel E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued) l
- Dissertations Supervised As Committee Member:
Student's Name Degree Program Date Dissertation Title Olufeagba, Be tjamin Ph.D. EE Jan 1975 " Distributed Parameter J. Systems: Approximations for Estuarine Water Quality.
Modeling and Control" Penumalli, Bhaskara Ph.D. EE Jan 1975 "Large Systems Approach R. to Water Quality Modeling and Management. "
Rios, Rafael Ph.D. EHE Aug.1975 "A Non-Linear Programmir Model for Evaluating Water Supply Policies in j the Texas Coastal Zone"
! Jackson, Rodney G. Ph.D. Zoology- Jan.1976 " Effects of Zinc and i Mercury on the White Shrimp Penaeus settferus" Cuellar-Chavez, Raul Ph.D. EHE May 1976 "An Apolication of a Regior al Methodclogy to Esti-
~
mate Point af.d Non-Point Pollutional Loads Dis-l charged into a Stream" Delaney, Bernard T. Ph.D. EHE Aug .1976 "Aircra ft Vortex Effects l . On Ground Iavel Pollutant Concentration And Trackim <
Of Vortex Movement In I
Airport Environment" Shanmugham, Chiyyarath EHE May 1978 "A Method for Deter-Velayudhan Ph.D. mining the Selection and Scheduling of Water Quality Control Facilities in a River l Basin "
1 Ramirez, Alejandro PhD EHE May 1978 " Chemical Sludge Disinfection" l
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Nccl E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continu:d)
Theses, Recorts, and Dissertations in Progress (September 1,1978 to cresent)
Master's Degree Theses Barnes , Michael J. , EHE , Member Carter, Robert Q. , Jr. , EHE , Member Chavez , Delphina, EHE, Chairman Christeson, Curt, A. EHE, Chairman Chung, Sae Young, EHE, Chairman Coles , Lynn, EHE, Chairman Golding, Steve, EHE, Chairman Lozano-Gonzales, Edwardo, EHE, Member Nellcr, Donald, EHE, Chairman Neller, Margaret, EHE, Member Novak, Alex, EHE, Member Salvadcr-Fihlo, Paulo, EHE, Chairman Thompson, Warren, EHE, Member Master's Decree Recorts Maddox, Richard T. , EHE, Chairman Ph.D. Decree Chandler, Charles , EHE/WR, Member Connolly, John, EHE, Co-Chairman Diniz, Elvidio O.V.B. , WR, Member l Eckstrand , Irene A. , Zoology, Member Harris , Stephen, EHE, Chairman Lum , Leighton, EHE, Chairman Srithavatch, Keerocha , EHE, Chairman Sullivan, Michael P. , EHE, Member
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Nccl E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Cantinued)
Departmental Committees:
1971-72 Ocean Engineering Committee (December 1971 to Aug.72), l Member 1974-75 M Hoc Committee for Work-Study Program (September 1974 to 1975),
Member Self-Study of Graduate Program Task Committee (September 1974 to Dec.1975), Member 1975-76 Graduate Fellowship and Financial Aid Committee (January 1975 to 1976), Member Computer Facilities Committee (September 1975 to Aug.1976),
Member 1976-77 Finance Committee (September 1976 to August 1977), Member Long-Range Planning Committee (September 1976 to August 1977),
Member Selection of Graduate Advisers (March 1977) 1977-78 M Hoc Committee for Ocean Engineering (June 1977 to 1978)
Ocean Engineering (September 1977 to present)
Finance Committee (September 1977 to August 1978), Member Iong-Range Planning Committee (September 1977 to August 1978),
Member Undergraduate Scholarships and Financial Aids Committee (September 1977 to August 1978), Member Departmental Information and Student Enrollment Committee (September 1977 to August 1978), Member Library Acquisitions Committee (September 1977 to August 1978), Chairman M Hec Committee for Selection of Best Teaching Assistant and Assistant Instructor (Spring,1978), Member
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Ncal E. Armstrong (Continuec)-
Collece Committees: ,
1971 /3 Ocean Engineering Committee (September 1971 to January 1973),
Chainnan f Ocean Engineering Committee (January 1973 to present), Member Engineering Science Advisory Committee (1972 to Aug.1973),
Member 1973-76 Advisory Committee, Center for Research in Water Resources (1973-76)
Scholastic Appeals Committee (September 1975 to August 1976),
Member 1977-78 Library Committee (September 1977 to present)
Engineering-Science Advisory Committee - Ocean Engineering (September 1977 to present)
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Ne:1 E. Armstrong, Ph.D. (Continued)
University Committees:
1971-72 Planning Committee for Department of Marine Studies (September 1971 to December 1972), Member 1973-74 Committee on Marine Studies (May to December 1974)
University of Texas Trustee to the Gulf University Research Consortium (February 1973 to Dec.1973) 1975-76 Committee to Evaluate the Aerospace Engineering Graduate Program G975) 1977-78 University Fellowship Review Committee G977-78)
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