ML19329E977
| ML19329E977 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Midland |
| Issue date: | 02/12/1979 |
| From: | WALTER NOLD CO. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| PROC-790212, NUDOCS 8006190755 | |
| Download: ML19329E977 (55) | |
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1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL i
D!STRIBUTION'
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THE AQUADUCIR I
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FEB 1 1979 72ZO-C 7@_ %
Revision AEPEFGH
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gc-THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS P00R QUAUTY PAGES e
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2 Principle of Operation 4
Tn e+e11m+4 og 7
Taking Settlement Readings 11 Computations 13 Example Calculations 15 ReElling the System with Fluid 17 Procedure for mantn! the Balloon 20 T3*ar of Pertinent Parts
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. 24 The Air Pressure Gage
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26 Preparation of De-aired Water 27 Preparation of Anti-freeze Solution 28 Properties of Ethylene Glycol Concentrations in Water 30 Calculation of Speciac Gravity 31 Factors which Relate to Accuracy
,i 33 How to Improve Instrument Accuracy
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3-Do Not's 3
Notes Relating to Repair and Ma**amce 3..
3 Signiacance of Dissolved Air in Water Latest Notes W
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The specific gravity of the ethylene glycol supplied with this Aquaducer apparatus is 1.06446 at 600F as measured tmder laboratory conditions using a precision Mettler balance.
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Gage pressure P i
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- Original ground Rubber balloon 8'W'd" * '
Flaure 1
- 1. 0 PRINCTPLE OF OPERATION 1.10' The principle of operation is quite si=ple, being based unon the achievement of a
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balance of pressure across a latex rc::bc-balloon which is housed v. thin a mov-able probe or torpedo.
1.20 In a balanced condition only, ass-h g the conditions of Figure 1, the dimension of the head of water, the height H, may be read directly on the gage, which is calibrated in inches of water.
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Readout box -
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Gage support 4
T-Firure 2 i :
1.30 Referring to Figure 2, the end of the buried FVC pipe serves as the length ref-erence relative to the instrument mbing to be inserted. The readout box, which contains the p.ir pressure gage and the water level scale, is supported by a #~
(7/8". diameter) rcund steel rod anchored into the grotmd by means of a concrete block. The top of this bar becomes the surveyed height reference point of the system. By construction, the zero point of the water level scale is at the same level when the readout box is in the monitoring position.
1.40 In operation the torpedo is inserted into the PVC pipe for a length as measured by the hose markers. The upper surface of the fluid is opened to atmospheric pressure and its level adjusted to the zero mark.of the scale by means of a'manu-ally operated water ch:mber pit. ton. Through use of a medical type of scueeze bulb, air pressure is introduced into the syste=, causing the balloon within the torpedo to become inflated a2d the water level to rise within a standpipe. The water level is adjusted to any point on the scale between 2.5 and 5.0 inches.
1.50 The air-water balance condition exists at 3.7 inches. However, it is necessary only to adjust the level as stated above, which is the linear region of the instru-ment, sad to make compensazion for the difference.
.1.60 In order to correlate the readings to the reference point of the system, the water level reading is subtracted from the air pressure to determine the height, H. Or:
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H=P-S (S = scale, reading in inches)
- 1. ~0 The specifir gravity of anti-freeze solution, if used as the system fluid in place of water, must be divided into the air pressure, since the air gage is calibrated in terms of inches of water; not inches of anti-freeze solution. The ter=s are thus mrde compa"ble. The ecuation now becemes:
-o H= (
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( y, = fluid density)
Refer to Paragraph 15.50 when etylene glycolis used.
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4 2.00 INSTALLATION Readout bcx
""" See note at foot of page and nier 2 m g 2.100 of page 6 Sar stop *L Bar M *"!,
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. #7 (.875" max.) rcund steel bar, macEined flat at tcp weld 1-1/8" OD minimum,.907" =in. ID steel tubing er i
pipe machined flat at the top and welded to F*"Ud
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the bar at thei bettem (the welding is not a sui. ace recuiremers)
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Figure 3 i
[This section is in outline form and must be adasted to the needs of the project. }
2.10 The folicwing equipment is reqcired:
i Rigid grey PVC 1-1/2" diameter schedule 80 pipe in 20 ft. lengths with plain ends.
PVC 1-1/2" diameter schedule 80 socket couplings j
PVC solvent, cement, and swab or brush I
1/16" galvanized 7x7 wire Pipe end caps, made from PVC couplings, having one end closed with casting resin.
Settlement gage support, as in Figure 3 Trench exctvation and compaction equipment Pipe cutter (Rigid #133 or equivalent)
Level and rod 100 foot survey tape
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- NOTE Make sure, with appropriate levelling devices, that the =7 steel bar remains in as ver:ical a position as possible._ Any tilt will result in inaccuraev.
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2.20 Excavate a trench 18" wide and 1S" deep. The trench should be as level as possible along its entire lengi. A foling rule and a hand level are useful for this purpose.
2.30 If necessary, place and compact a 3" layer of fine-grained bedding material.
I 2.40 Connect up and lay the PVC pipe in the trench. Pull the 1/16" galvanized wire through the pipe using an electrician's snake.
2.50 Construct a settlement gage support as shown in' Figure 3.
The exact dimension flagged by a double asterisk (==) is dependent upon the width of the hose reel, which.
may vary widely from unit to unit. For a specific Aquaducer and its mating reel, this dimension should be such that when the assembly is shown as in Figure 3, the [
readout box should be riding on the top of the support rod with the small 1/2" diameter
[
hose reel pin engaged with sufficient clearance so that the box will turn with the hose reel and the cover to open without interference. In order for this to be accom-plished the dime =sion flagged by a single asterisk would have to be 5/E" as measured
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from the top of any of the flat plate support arms,of the reel to the bottom of the readout box. The act=al dimension to be used may possibly be written in pen in the area of the double asterisk. Make sure the #7 bar remains in a true vertical pcsition.
Once this dimension is determined, the bar assemblies could be made in the shop, with the 1-1/8" diameter tubing welded to the #7 rod, prior to embedment in the
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cement.
g, The close fitting 1-1/8" OD tubing (#12 3.W. gage sall,.907" ID) may be ob-j tained from Joseph T. Ryerson, Inc., under their listing of Round Mechanical g_'
Tubing, Carbon Steel.
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Place the settlement gage support at one end of-the PVC pipe as shown in Tigree 2.
if access to the other end of the pipe will not subsequently be available, arrange-ments must be made to pass the galvanized steel wire over a pulley at that end so j _!
that the measuring torpedo can be passed along the whole length of pipe by working from one end only. If the length of PVC pipe is greater than the lengt of the mes-suring hose, access must be available from both ends, and two ser.lement gage i
supports will be required.
2.60
' Cut the ends of the PVC pipe to lengi. Fit end caps to the pipe. Protect the ends
- f. rom danger f om vandalism.
Survey, b 0.01 foot accuracy, the elevation of the entire lengt of de top of the PVC
-2.70 pipe. Measurements should be taken every 5 feet and Se positions of the couplings, as well as the total leng$ of the PVC pipe,.should be recorded.
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.I elevation measured by Aquacucer o
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I 1-1/2" nominal (inside) diameter schedule 80 PVC pipe torpedo approximate position of balloon at time of monitoring Mgure 4 I-2.80 If the elevations measured by surveying means are used to form the i=itial set of readings for settlement purposes, an adjustment should be made to L
put them on the same base as would those taken by the Aquacucer. A value of 0.06 feet should be subtracted from these surveyed rar ngs to make u
them co=patible. This is illustrated in the above Figure 4.
However, it would be advisable to make another set of measurements using the Aquaducer to establish a relationship between the two methods.
2.80 If the foregoing measured elevations are used as an initial set of readings for settlement purposes, an adjustment should be made to put them on the same base as th; Aquaducer gage readings. A value of 0.06 feet should be subtracted from the survey ra*"p to make them compatible with the hose gage raerHnts. This is illustrated in the above agure 4.
- However, it would be advisable to make another set of measurements using the Aquaducer to establish a basis of co=parison between the two methods.
=
s 2.90 BackfLil and compact as appropriate.
2.100 Note. The positioning and design will, of course, depend upon conditions at the site. Minimum requirements are given. The ideal condition would be one whereby the hose reel is about one foot higher in level or elevation than the end of the PVC pipe and yet remain in a co=for:able position for the taking of readings. This condition is impor:mt encugh to build a mock unit (which could later be used as a test stand for the Aquaducer), for accuracy of readings, under cer:ain cirec= stances is directly rehted to the rela:ive ease of monitoring.
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3.00 tam'G SETTLEMENT READINGS l
3.10 The following eqeipment is required:
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Aquaducer readout box Aquaducer hose and torpedo on the hose real Data sheets and clipboard"'
Small screwdriver" A small bubble-type plumb level" A small fu:mel and bottle & *r system fluid 4
Thermometer" Use the bubble-type pin =b level to insure that the 7/8" diameter rod of the 06erwise all rad gn 3.20 monument is truly ver:ical or plu=b insofar as possible.
will be in error, for thie zero reference point of the finid portion of the system (0".of the eight inch rule mounted on the panel) will not correspcmd with the raveyed system reference point which is the uppe:=ost par: of the 7/S" steel rod. The positioning of the monument, in such an evect, must be corrected and re-surveyed before valid readings may take place..
Lower the reel on the settlement gage support rod (refer to Figcre 3), with the 3.30 small 1/2" diameter pin uppermost, so that it rests on the 1-1/S" diameter Lower the readout box fully on to the red, making sure that it is seated sleeve.
properly with the pin on thehose reel engaged in its mating fe= ale opening at the The readout box should be riding on the top of the lower pa:t of the instrument.
rod and not resting on the hose reel. There should be about 5/8" cf clearance between the bottom of the readout box and the flat suppor:ing ar..s of the hose reel. In this condition there is suficient clearance. for the cover to cpen without it contacting the rim of the hose reel. The readout aox will now be free to retn:e along with the hose reel.
Open the readout box. Note that the nut por: ion of the scueeze bulb assembly 3.40 needs to be only finger-tightened to be leakproof. No further tighmess is necessary.
Open the panel valve (part #104 of Figure 9 of Paragraph S.2). Open the squeere 3.50 Squeeze the bulb gently bulb valve (106) by turning its knob counter-clockwise.
c Note twe or three times to get the needle of the pressure gage (101) in motion.
whether or not the needle, when at rest, indicates zero pressure, while making use of the mirror to elN4*= the effects of parallax. If a zero condition is not indicated, remove the screw in the glass of the gage (do not lose this ites).
Replace Adjust, by m-+g the inner screw, so that a true zero indication exists.
the outer screw in the glass.
Close the squeeze bulb valve (by Mg its knob clockwise). By continually 3.60 squeezing the bulb, pump air into the system until the gage indicates a pressure of from 250" to 280" (almost full scale). Allow the pressure to remain at this level for about a minute by closing the panel valve. (There =ay or may not be some leakage indicated during this opera: ion, but this is not of any impor=nce. )
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1/2" = 12. 7 =m 5/S" = 15.9 mm 7/S" = 22.225 m=
!L 250" to 280" of water = 635 to Til em of water g.%
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3.60 Open the panel valve. Open the squeeze bulb valve slowly to prevent an (continued) -
abrupt fast return of the gage to a zero reading. Always remember that the gage is an expensive precision instmment and must be treated accorcingly.
It is never necessary to use the customary tapping of the glass with this type of gage.
3.70 Repeat the foregoing procedure two mere times. nis operation is called exercising the gage and must be accomplished at the beginning of each day of testing and at least once a month when the *...strument is not in use.
3.90 Note the condition of the fluid sec: ion of the instrmnent. The standpipe (114) should be completely fined wi& fluid. The piston assembly acts as a fluid reservoir and the number of threads of te piston body (120) that are visible when the standpipe is filled is an indication of the amount of fluid which is in
.The system requires more fluid when only two or three threads reserve.
are visible. If an ethylene g1p:n1 solution is employed, never add water to the system, or vice versa.
This would change the ' specific gravity of the fluid and thus effect the accuracy.
3.80.10 If filling is necessary, attach the sman funnel from the accessory box, to the short section of tubber tubing, which should alsa be at: ached to the end of the fluid shutoff valve at the top of the standpipe. Open this valve. Tit n the sheu of the piston assembly in a clockwise rotation until the fluid starts to C
appear at the bottom of the fu=neL Then fill the f==nel with fluid and turn the shell in'a counter-clockwise rotation until the fluid reaches the bottom of the l-funnel. Repeat this operation until the shell can no longer be rotated in the L
counter-clockwise direction; an indic:: son that the piston is fiHed. Bleed off a little fluid, using the sheu of the piston, until the fluid level in the standpipe can be lowered to the zero level as indicated through,use of the standpipe scale.
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3.90 Connect the torpedo to the flexible wire leader in the buried PVC pipe and pull the probe to a point which is a little beyond the furthest desired monitoring Position. Pull the tubing out of the PVC pipe until the end of the pipe corresponds with the dashed (-) marking of the dual tubes.
j 3.100 Open aH valves; specificaHy the standpipe valve (110), the air line valve (104), and
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the squee:e bulb valva (106). Unscrew the sheu of the pisten asse bly u=til the level of the fluid is at the zero level of the panel-mounted standpipe scale. The
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zero of the reale should coincide with the lowest part of the formed crescent-shaped meniscus at the air-fluid junction in the standpipe. When ascer:atning a reading of the fluid with regard to the scale, the scale marking should be viewed through the transparent standpipe, which may be rotated for best clarity. The viewing angle should be the same for all such readings. The use of a flashlight focused on the scale may aid in taking readings in certain instances.
3.110 Open the panel valve (104) and close the squeeze bulb valve by tn ning the control knob of the bulb assembly clockwise. Wii a series of quick short applicaticus of finger pressure on the bulb, build up pressure until the water level star:s to rise and then senerate more or less pressure as might be reqcired to have the water level come to rest between 3.2 and 4.2 inches as indicated & rough use of the i k, M
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standpipe scale. A range of 2.5 to 5 inches may be encloyed at the sac:ifice of (continued) a small degree af accuracy. This water-pressure balance requires lots of,
practice before proSciency is attained. If the needle of the gage does not fall as rapidly as is usual, the panel valve may be closed, and opened only if more air must be vented to bring the level to wi++ the prescribed li=its. However
'. the water level must never be allowed to fall during this monitoring stage; otherwisethe complete reading cycle must be repeated, including the re-adjus"ag of the water levelin the standpipe to the zero reference. A faster reading =ay be taken by applying more pressure than might normally be required; taking the chance that the surplus air may be bled off before the water rises above the limits. However, if the limits desired are, say betwaen 3.2 and 4.2 inches, and the lerel rises above 4.2 inches, the entire test must be repeated. Avalid reading may not be take by allowing the water level to fall. The water level must always be.ggWise or inastabilized condition when readings are taken.
Record all of tha data sheet Egures required, including the ambient te=pers:nre, and any further infor=ation which might seem pertinent.
3.110.10 Always be on the lookout for air bubbles in the fluid system. If the fluid level ever drops below the bottom of the standpipe, make sure that the crossbar assembly is free of bubbles when tne fluid is again forced into the standpipe by working the shell of the piston assembly back and forth. Be equally concerned about the formation of water in the air line. This is more difficult to remove.
3.110.20 It is not always necessary to wait until complete stabilization has occurred. It.
should be noted that as the water level rises, the air pressure as indicated by the gage falls. This is because the distance between the surveyed point (the top of the steel rod of the monument, which is the level of the zero of the standpipe scale) and a predesignated point witin the torpedo is the same as the gage pressure less the standpipe water level reading, in terms of inches sof watez), when water is employed as the system fluid. If an ethylene glycol solution is used, for instance, a corree:Lon factor must be used to ~ake such indication in terms of inches of ethylene glycol solution, to accomodate the difference in density or specific gravity.
3.110.30 When the system fluid is water and the hose length is 500 feet with a 600F ambient temperature, the time required to take a complete reading and to move the tubing up to the next monitoring position should be about three minutes. For a hose length I
of 1200 feet the time required might be sin or seven mi=ntes for a settlement of 20 feet or so. The amount of time increases with the length of tubing, amount of settlement, and with lowered temperature.
l 3.110.40 The best accuracy can be obtained when the outside te=perature is roughly the
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same as the earth tempera:ure (generally 50 to 600F) with no su= shining.
It is s
i always a good policy to take readings with the hose reel and the readout box in I
the shade and away from the heating effects of the sun, especially in hot days, if accuracy is a requirement. However, with care, the accuracy provided by the Aquaduceris genern117 far greater than that required for settlement measurements.
3.110.50 Note: When it is desired to drain water from the readout box, upon filling, 'all that is necessa:7 stodepress the bottom of the znale quick-connect fit:ing (when 1
disconnected from its mating female) wit the standpipe valve open. Also it is not necessary to use de-aired water in de readou box, sim.e air bubbles tha:
may form here are easily co=: rolled through s=mdard =easuring procedures.
i 20 ft. = 6.1 =
500 ft = 152.4 m 1200 ft. = 365.5 =
6007 = 15.60C l
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-3 10 3.120 Aaer the last measure =ent has been taken for the day, or prior to moving the instrument to the nex: test location, open the panel valve and smndpipe valve.
Close the squeeze bulb valve and pu=p air into the syste= un:11 a gage reading of 20" of water is indicated. Disc.emnect the water quick-connect atting. Turn the shell of the piston assembly 2 a small drop of wa:er emerges from the and of the standpipe valve,-insuring that all air is e=pelled from the fluid system.
Then turn the shell of the piston assembly two half nr=s in the opposite direction of rctation (counter-clockwise) to introduce a Exed amount of air into the syste=
to allow for expansion. Turn the stancpipe valve handle to a downward position to close. Disconnect the air quick-connect St:ing. Open the panel valve and the squeeze bulb valve. Close and remove the readou: box from the reel assembly.
Connect both of the hose at:ings to their respec:ive mating Et".ngs..eunted en the hose reel. Fasten the torpedo securely on to the hose reel. Remove reel.
Secure the plug into the PVC pipe (of the buried piping).
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21 4.00 COMPUTATIONS 4.10 Measure +be elevation of the top of the settlement gage support bar (the #7 bar in the sketch, Figure 3), by survey, and enter on the data sheet [al.
4.20 Enter under (bl, the specinc gravity of the Guid used in the system. If the Guid used is water, the specific gravity will be 1.0.
4.30 Enter under (c), the lengt of hose within the pipe as measured with the dash (-)
mark on the man-ing aligned with the imper por: ion of the end of the buried pipe.
4.40 Inter the water level at the standpipe under [d] that exists at the stabilization or balance point. Always measure the water levelin the same mmner, relating the==f ed scale marking to the lowest por: ion of the water surface.
4.50 Enter the gage pressure existing at the balance point under fel.
4.60 Repeat 4.50 and enter the same presst.re under til only if nter is used for the system Huid. If any other type of Huid is used, divide the gage pressure reading [e]
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by the specific gravity of the nuid used Ib] and estar the result under if].
4.70 Subtract the standpipe water level reading of [d] from the modified air pressure
[f] and enter this figure under [g].This is the dimension, in inches, which exists between the top of the #7 bar, or from ero of the panel mounted scale, and the torpedo (see Figure 4).
1 4.80 Divide this dimension [g], in inches, by 12, in order to convert to feet, and enter under [h].
4.90 Subtract this dimension ih] from the elevation [a] to obtain the existing elevation of the probe or torpedo, and enter under 0].
4.100 Enter the original probe elevation under (k]. This column should centain the measurements made under Paragraph 2.70.
In order t'o and the settlement, in feet, subtract the existing prebe elevation.U]
4.110 from the original elevation ik]. Enter this figure under [=].
4.120 The figures ascer:ained may be plotted as show in Figure 5.
(These are typical examples.)
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13 5.00 EXA.MPLE CALCUT.ATIONS
'l 5.10 Assume the following conditions with reference to the data sheet coding:
[a] = 220.2 ft. (Elevation of top of bar or scale zero of instrument)
[b] = 1.038 (SpeciSc gravity of fluid used in system - this corresponds e a 30?e mime of ethylene glycol, by volume, and water at room temperature of 70 F.)
0
[c] = 12u ft. (Length of hose contained within pipe.)
[d] = 5.2 inches (Standpipe reading - water level) i
[e] = 43. 70 inches (Air gage reading)
L.
[k] = 217.47 feet (Original torpedo elevation for a hose depth into pipe of 120 ft.)
5.20 Calculation I
Modified Air Pressure f = e/b = 43.70/1.038 = 42.1 Dimension Between Scale Zero and Torpedo g = f - d = 42.1 - 5.2 = 36.9 inches I
Same as r.bove only second column h = g/12 = 36. 9/12 = 3.075 feet Measured Torpedo Elevation j = a - h = 220.2 - 3. 075 =217.125 feet Settlement m = k - j = 217.470 - 217.125 = 0. 345 ft.
5.30 Assume the following conditions for a second an pie:
~ [a] = 220.2 ft.
[b] = 1.000 (in this case water is used for the system fluid)
~
[c] = 210 ft.
[d] = 5.4 inches
[e] = 51.0 inches
~
5.40 Calculation
=
[f] = 50.8 inches [ Note that in this case the gage calibration units are the same units as for the measurement of the water level; viz: inches. For the prior e.umple the L
-gage calibration units were made compatible Mth the water level units by the division of the gage reading by the specific gravity of the fluid. ]
3
[g] = f - d.= 51. 0 - 5.4 = 45.6 inches
[h] = g/12 = 45. 6/12 = 3.8 feet 0] = a - h = 220.2 - 3. S = 216.40 feet
~
[m] = k - j = 217.47 - 216.40 =.107 feet 5.50 If ethylene glycolis used, refer to Paragraph 15.50 m
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15 FLUSEING AND RETTT Yn'G THE STSTEM WITH FIrID 6.00-The following procedure is written under the premise that the system to be p
6.10 NM had been filled wit water and not an edylene glycol solution and that Details art jven later distilled water had been prepared for the ram'm p in this section for the reverse situation.
f Hgure 6 is an 'O' Fing Screw (1/4-28 Refer to Mgures 6, 7 and 8 on page 14.
6.20 Pan Head) and Mgure 7 is a Nose Adaptor. Both of these ite=s are supplied in the spare parts kit. Also supplied is a Male Quick-C nnect Fit:ing for allowing A large glass bottle or a connection to be made to the wster line cf the tubing.
jug should be employed and having a suficient wall tickness +4 withstand de A two gallon bottle is suficient (eight liters), but one of forces of vacuum.
The rubber mbing used should j
a small capacity may be employed if necessa:y.
'oe *N-to that employed for the vacuum lines of the DeAerato..
Set up the oy.w more or less as shown under Mgure 8 with the DeAerator at 6.30 bench level, the hose reel at chair level and the bot:1e at floor level.
Remove the thinner-walled rubber tahing from one of the water lines of the DeAerator, and, using silicone grease if necessary as a lubricant, slide the 6.40 heavier tnbing over the fit:ing. At:ach the other end of $1s (V4) line to the zunie quick-cennect fitting. The V letters signify either valves or tubing clamps as used an the DeAerator tubing. The let:er and number also signify a line run.
Remove and replace the bladder and its support wie Take the torpedo apart.
Put the 6.50 the 'O' Ring Screw per Mgure 6 to effectively plug up the air line.
torpedo back together again repiscing the nosepiece of the torpedo with the supplied Mgure 7 Nose Adaptor. Complete the system as shown in Figure 8.
Open VI, on one of the vacuum lines, and close V2 on the second vacuum line of 6.60 the DeAerator. Insert one end of one of the water ILss from the DeAerater in a source of distilled water and open V3 of this line. Close V4, V5 and V6. Start m' "M) to f
water flewing through the aspirstor (refer to DeAerator inst:uction Draw water into the DeAerator until the level is 1-1/2 inches create vacuum.
lower than the tcp plate. At this point close V4. Ene:-Jze Ce motor of the DeAeratorr and allow de-steration to take place for a ~4a4-m of ten minutes (or At the end of the de-aeration period, shut longer if desired for greater purity).
Allow about five minutes ~i-imn-ozT the DeAerator power, close Vi and open V5.
forvacunnn to develop in the bot:le and then cpen V2, V4 and V6 in the given order.
Water wi31 then start to flow from the DeAerstor, through the system hose, and In the event that a smaller into the isottle. _Do njt allow g bottle to overflow. -
d
. bottle is: employed, V6 should be closed in order that the bot:le be drained, un reopened after the vacuum within the bottle is restored. Any bubbles of air dat l
~
had been contained within the hose will be seen ~aL+g their way drough the After the contents of de DeAerator have passed tubi:4 azna into the bot'le.
If this condition through tihe hose, all of the bubbles should have been removed.
does not edst, the foregoing process cust be repeated until the lines are absoluteI;y bubble-free.
1-1/2 inches = 33.1 =m
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16 6.70 Impty the DeAerator and repeat the foregoing procedure only 61s time use the
. prepared colored distned uter. Continue filling the hose until the colored water starts to drain into the bottle. Make sure that no air bubbles are in:rocuced while **Wg the change to the prepared water. After the filling has been completed clore V4, remove V6 tubing from the nose of the torpedo, and lift the torpedo to bench level. Take the torpedo apa:t and replace the 'O' Ring Adaptor with the bladder assembly that had previously been removed. Reassemble the to: pedo except for the nose insert. Open V4 and lower to a level below the hose reel. Hold the torpedo in a vertical position. Air will be espeHed from the torpedo and willbe displaced by water. While water is flowing out of the nose of the torpedo screw the nose insertinto the unit to complete the operation.
Battle some of the re**r water for later use.
6.80 For the readout box, open the standpipe valve and rotate the shell of the piston assembly to its maximum clockwise position. Turn the u=it upside down and depress the end of the male quick-connect A*."ng of the water section. Water win run out of the standpipe valve. Accomplish this operation again several 4
times using clear distilled water for flushing. Flushing water may be introduced into the unit through use of a funnel and tubing and by. depressing the end of the quick-connect atting to vent the t:spped air. Flushing should continue untG no trace of coloring renim from the solution being removed.
Fill with the prepared water after the flushing operation is completed. The water for the readent box does not have to be de-aerated, since it is continually exposed to air or to the atmosphere.
6.90 If the Aq=d-had been fuled with water and it is desired to replace this with an ethylene glycol solution, dismantle the torpedo and replace Se bladder
/
k assembly with the 'O' Ring Screw and reassemble as before but do not use the supplied Nose Adaptor at this time. The torpedo must be open to the atmosphere.
Through use of the male quick-connect fitting supplied with the scare pa:ts, connect the hose to a source of compressed air and as much of the water in the hose should be blown out as is possible.
Set up the system es outlined in Figure 8 and repeat the flushing and refilling 6.90.10 operation as previously outlined, only use the ethylene glycol solution instead of distuled water. It will be noted that a considerable amount of air is contained relative to water. The ethylene glycol solutien must be de-aerated until all of the bubbles are removed. This may require a running time of about cne hour instead of ten minutes for water.
For the readout box, remove as much water from the system as is possible 6.90.20 5
by draining and then flush with the ethylene glycol solution several times i
before fining. Throw away the ethylene glycol solution that had been used for flushing, since it would have become diluted with the water that had remained after drmMeg.
If the Aquaducer had bm fuled with ethylene glycol solution and it is desired to 6.100 replace this with water, the same procedures shoul be fouewed as initally d
outlined in this sectics for flushing. The system should be flushed until there The are no traces whatever of the color!=g of the ethylene glycol solution.
distilled uter to be employed should be of a differe=t color than that of the ethylene glycol solution for identiS::ation purposes.
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0.430" ID 'O' rings (208) w
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ring portion of balloon brass adaptor (".24)
Figure 9 7.00 PROtwGRE FOR CHANGING TEI BALLOON 7.10
. Refer to Figure 9 above. The balloon, or bladder, the 'O' rings, and the brcss adaptor are shown in section for=. The adaptor =ay be found in the spare parts kit, as well as spare balloons and 'O' rings.
7.20 The balloon should be replaced at least cace per year. It is assumed in this procedure that the balloon has not been leaking and that the change is being accomplished for reasons of preventative maintenance.
7.30 A portable test station similar to the settleme=1 g2ge suppcrt of Figure 3 should be fabricated. Since it is quite awkward to use the complete system in the laboratory without a stand, a test station such as this will prevent trouble in the form of the readout box crashing to the floor. The bottom of the readout box should be at bench level when niounted on the test stand.
7.40 Remove the hose quick-connect fittings from the hose reel 7.50 Open the standpipe valve. Connect the hose fL*.".ngs to their respective mating
. y
. {
quick-connect counterparts on the readout box.
j 7.60 Adjust the water level to a midpoint position in te sundpipe. Work the shell s
of the piston assembly back and forth to remove any trapped bubbles.
c 7.70 Hold the torpedo vertically, nose upward, at bench level. Remove the threaded nosepiece insert (201). Increase the level of the torpedo to above that of the readout box to allow water contained within the torpedo to flow into the readout box. Adjust the piston assembly to accept this fluid.
Close the standpipe valve when the water has emptied from the torpedo, as can be noted by an air-lock appearing in the ws:er tubing.
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18 i
7.80-Remove the setscrews holding the ba=el (218) and the tailpiece (220) in position within the torpedo case. Pull on the hose to remove these parts.
7.90 Remove and. discard the cid balloon. Save the 0.430" ID 'O' rings. Remove the bladder support (216). Remove its small 'O' ring (217) and store the rings in a clean dust-free place.
7.100 Referring to Figure 11, connect the brass adaptor (224) in the position shown by screwing the threaded portion of the bladder support into the barrel.
7.110 Hook a portion of one of the 0.430" ID 'O' rings (225) over the bladder suppor:
and stretch it until it is possible to encompass the diameter of the adaptor as shown. Roll the 'O' ring back on to the barrel.. Repeat this procedure for the second 'O' ring.
7.'120 Remove the bladder support and ecver it with the end of the balloon. Holding the brass adaptor against the banel with one hand, attach the bladder support to the barrel again so that the balloon will be in the position shewn.
7.130 Work the balloon with the Engers until it is in line'with the axis of the barel.
7.140 Pc:rition both 'O' rings on the outside diameter of the brass adaptor by sliding them forward towards the balloon end of the nsse=bly.
By mem of sliding the 'O' rings, make sure that they are both free of twists and are unifor=17 placed in position. With the balloon properly located, slide the first 'O' ring 1'
forward untilit snaps off of the adaptor and on to the bladdsr support, thus 4
<[.
holding the banoon in position. Do likewise with the see _.d 'O' ring.
,r 7.150 Unscrew the balloon assembly. Work the 'O' rings with the Engers, if necessary, until the are evenly placed within the groove of the bladder support.
P 7.160 Cut off the ringed portion of the balloon with a pair of small fuger= ail scissors.
L
=
7.170 Aiake sure that the small 'O' ring removed from the bladder support in the F
Paragraph 7.90 operation is perfectly clean. Place this 'O' ring on the
{L bladder support and screw this assembly into the barel. Store the brass j
adapter in the spare parts kit.
- ~
L 7.180 Tighten the bladder support by means of an open-e=ded wrench. Tighten only to a sung St.
7.190
- Slide the tailpiece of the torpedo back on to the hose about eight inches. If tis is dif5 cult to accomplish, place some silicone grease on the hoses and then slide back the tailpiece.
'7.200~
linke sure the 'O' ring (209) is lying flat and in position against the sminless steel sleeve (206) within de torpedo. If this is so, slide the barelinto de
(
the torpedo case.
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19 I
'7.210 With the nose of the torpedo against a surface of the workbench and pressure exerted against the hose end of the bar el to compress the 'O' rings (using a long screwdriver bearing against the flat pordon of the barrel and not on the tubing Stengs), insert and tighten the setscrews holding the barrelin position.
Bear in mind that caly moderatre pressure or torque is necessan when MWM the setscrews. ~ Too much torque will strip the threads of the somewhat thin walls of the case.
7.220 Slide the tmHpiece back over the tubing, set into the torpedo in position and insert the setscrews as required.
7.230 Hold the torpedo in a vertical position at bench level.
Open the standpipe valve. Ma=ipulate the level of the torpedo while maintai=ing the vertical positioning with the nose upper =ost to control the flow of water from the readout box. The piston assembly should also be brought into play in order to replenish the supply of water from time to time, as indicated by the standpipe. It may beco=e necessary to introduce more water through the standpipe valve. This procedure is outlined on page S.
~
7.240 Allow a small stream of water to flow out of the nosepiece until no bubbles are present. While the cavity at the nose is sell alled wi'h water, screw in the nosepiece i= sert along with its small 'O' ring. The 'O' ring must be
~
clean.
~
Turn the torpedo upside-down in a vertical position and look for the presence 7.250 of bubbles in the water hose. If none, the changing operation has Nen accomplished in good order.
~
7.260 Connect the air quick-connect atting to its counterpart at the readout box and open the panel and the squeeze bulb valves.
7.270 Follow the steps of Paragraph 3.120 on page 10 to complete the operation.
a 7.280 In the event of a leaking balloon, it becomes necessary to purge the air hose
~
line of trapped water. A quick-connect E+.*.4.ngis provided in the spare parts L-kit to enable a connection to be made to the necessary supply of pu.%g comnressed air.
5 7.290 Follow the steps of Paragraphs 7.10 through 7.160 7.300 Connect the. -line quick-connect Etting to a source of ec= pressed air and completely blow out any and all water in the line. Dry nitrogen might be superior for this purpose if such is available.
7.310_
Follow the procedure of Paragraphs.7.170 through 7.270 to complete the operation.
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2/2 Dan 10 201 Nosepiece threaded insert 202 Nosepiece insert 'O' ring - two required in all 203 Nosepiece 204 Nosepiece 'O' ring 205 Setscrew - nine required total 206 Shell 207 Tubing 208
. Bladder suppor: 'O' ring, large, two required 209 Shell 'O' ring; same as 204 210 Setscrew - same as 205 211 Torpedo water line hose atting 212 Setscrew - same as 205 213 Water line hose 214 Water line hose quick-connect atting - fe= ale 215 Bladder 216 Bladder suppor:
217 Bladder suppor: 'O' ring - same as 202 218 Barrel 219 Torpedo air line hose fitting
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220 Tailpiece 221 Air lhe hose m
222 Air line hose to quick-connect adaptor atting
~
223 Air line quick-connect Etting - fe ale.
1.
5 224 Adaptor, bladder suppor: - used only for installing 'O' rings, par: 208 a
Note:
Some earlier models employ a spacer which e.tsts within the tubing 20-and positioned between the nosepiece and the shen. The need for this part no longer e.ts:s.
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/07 Figure 11 101 Air pressure gage
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102 Gage zero adjust plug-103 Gage needle 104 Panel air valve 105 Squeeze bulb hose
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106 Squeeze bulb valve 107 Squeeze bulb i
108 Air line hose quick-connect atting - male 109 Water line hose quick-connect fitting - male 110 Standpipe valve 111 Standpipe support s
112 Standpipe 'O' ring - two required 113
- Standpipe stainless steel scale
-114 Standpipe -
115 Standpipe 'O' ring - same as 112
't
-116 Junction bar assembly 117 Water cha=ber pisten assembly (see Paragraph S.3) 118 Barbed water filling atting (net permanently at: ached) jf v a -t w.-%
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x-23 8.40 Readout Box Air System 8.50 As of January 1974, all Aquaducers utilize a pneumatic system ccnnected by means of 1/8" OD soft copper tubing. This tubing is soldered whenever feasible. Otherwise the best possible line of Stdngs (Swagelok type, i
manufacmred by the Crawford Fitting Cor=pany (USA]) are employed to minimize air leakage.
Air Gage #136 y Gage Tubing Assembly #139
[~ Manifold #127 le,8" copper tubing A
Valve #13S
- 129 l
T I
"I IP' I*I'I 1/8" copper _ j tubing
- 133 1/8" Tubing Fitting Copper Tubing Panel Assembly
- 130 l
(tubing and panel feedthrough)
"" *I e131 l
1/4" Tubing Fittin
(
l l
with inser:
Bulb Assembly #138 Junction Bar pVC Tubing '
IS Squeeze Bulb Valve a137 Assembly #134
- 133 Squeeze Bulb #13G Figure 12 w
I 8.60 Parts Listing Valve Nupro ' tee' type P-4J-PM or right angle type B-4JA-PM PVC Tubing 1/4" OD,1/8" ID, clear flexible PVC +." W:g J
~
Squeeze Bulb Valve Propper type V301 r
Bulb Bulb for above e
L.
8.70 It is best to order parts from the manufacturer as noted above, especially the Bulb Assembly #138.
To assemble this unit it is necessary to obtain many I
varied parts. In addi: ion a certain skill is required for asse=bly reqciring special chamwle not ordinarily available.
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.x, 24 9.00 THE AIR PRESSURE GAGE
,~
' The air pressure gage used in the Aquaducer is a product of the Wallace & Tie =an 9.10 Company of Belleville, New Jersey. It is their Series 1000 Model 62B-2C-02SO precision gage of a two scale type having a 0-280 inches of water calibration.
9.20 The balance of this section, to save space, has been typed directly from the instrue-
~
tion manual Installation The instrument should be protected from shock and vibration. In some casts it may be necessary to provide shock mounted panels.
Ooeration Exercisine Before th'e instrument is used for precise measurements, it should be exer-cised by alternately increasing and decreasing the applied pressure over the entire range of the instru=ent at least 3 times. Maximum and m!Mmum pressures should be held for 2 minute periods.
Readings Unless otherwise noted, the instrument is calibrated to be read with the dial in the vertical position. When the instrument has a mirror on the dial, the pointer and its image should coincide so that only the pointer may be seen. On two revolution inst:-a=ents, j
an indicator shows the portion of the scale to be read.
All W&T instaments are calibrated on increasing pressure. To avoid any effect of hysteresis, rear'ings should be taken on increasing pressure. Instruments are call-
/
brated at 250 C. Unless wide tempera =re changes are experienced, the effect of temperature k
may be neglected. For further discussion, see " Calibration Check".
{-
Precautions No instrument should be subjected to pressures beyond its range. Excessive pressure may distort the mechanism. Be sure all necessary pressure relief devices are a
installed. The maximum working pressure for the instrument is noted on the dial. [ Note :
~
the red plastic plug at the read of the instrument is a pressure snubber and has a small hole L.
at its center which must be kept clear from dust. ]
Maintenance L
Filter Each instrument is furnished with a filter screwed into the pressure connec-tion. The filter screen man occasionally require cleaning. This may be done as follows:
- 1) Unserew the filter plug by means of a screwdriver.
i-
- 2) Clean the filter with trichlorethylene or other suitable solvent and moisten with oil. Remove excess oil and replace the filter. Do not use oil if the gage is used with fluids which may react
[
with oil.
Lubrication
'Ibe mechanism does not require oil. The oil willinterfere wit proper f=c-tioning and introduce serious errors. Do not oil the mechanism.
L Performance Cacability
. Accuracy: 0.lic FS.
Sensitivity: 0.01?c FS Hysteresis: 0.1?c FS Max. Te=p. Effect:
0.1?o FS/100C from 25 C NOTE: EcFS (full scale). " Full scale"is the difference between mi-i-um and maximum dial reading. " Full scale" of an instrument with a calibrated range of 250 inches of water means
. the percentage applies to the 250 figure.
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25 Calibntion Check
[Part of Para. 9.20]
It should be noted that the accuracy tolerance is the same at all points on the scale.
Therefore, the pointer of a gage pressure instmment is not necessarily at an exact zero when the inst = ment is' shipped from the factory. However, the deviation is never outside the guarameed accuracy as shown in the table " Performance Capability".
A label afSxed to the case indicates the deviation from zero when the inst==ent was adjusted to st* cptimum accuncy over the full scale. This figure was obtained after the inst mnent was exercised as described under " Operation".
If, after the instmment has been exercised, the pointer deviation is as specified, no adjustment is necessary. A slight discrepancy may be corrected by adjusting the pointer as described below. [ Note:- see paragraphs 3.50, 3.90 re zero position of pointer.]
i A ce=plete check of calibration of an instrument requires that it be exercised as above and compared with a standard having a verified accuracy at least five times greater and a scale comparable in length to the inst = ment being checked. The standard must be corrected for,all its inherent errors and must be corrected to standard conditions of gravity (980.665 cm/
sec") and temperature (00 C for mercury cohms or 200 C for water colu=ns) where applicable.
l While aneroid inst =ments are not subject to changes in reading due to g=vity, they are affected by te=peramre. WLT instruments read directly in ter=s of stapdard conditions (see preceding paragraph) at the te=pera=re 250 C unless otherwise indicated. If the calibra-tion checleis conducted at 250C, the effect of temperamre on the W&T instrument need not be considered. At any other temperature, the temperature effect listed in the tabl'e " Performance Capability" must be considered. Note that this is not a correction factor but, rather, a tolerance that must be added to other tolerances being checked. When readings are taken on increasing pressures, they shculd fall within the specified accuracy tolerance given in the table. The dif-ference between the up-scale reading and the down-scale reading is the hysteresis error and should fall within the specified li=its.
Settine the Pointer. If a calibration check shows the readings en increasing pressures at various points over the entire range are out by the same angular distance, the pointer may be reset. Adjustment is limited to a pointer move =ent of about 100 Access to the pointer adjustment screw is obtained by removing a plug in the glass.
The screw is flush with the face of the dial.
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10.00 PREPARATION OF DE-AIP.ED WATEP.
10.10 The followingis required:
Nold DeAerator, eignt liter apaHty Dist1IIed water, eight liters minimum.
20 litar (5 gallon) container 10.20 The folloviing material may be used if desired:
Liquid food coloring, or fountain pen ink i
Hyamine 3500 germicide concemrate 50% by Rohm and Hass,
)
Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, Pa.19105 10.30 The germicide listed above is to be used only when the water is going to be left in the hose for extremely long periods of time (which is not recommended) or when gruwths in the water line are noted.
It should be used sparingly, in the order of 10 drop,s from a standard American type medicine dropper, or O.5 cc.for each eight liters of water.
10.40 If ethylene glycolis normally used, the color of this prepared water should be of another color. Food coloringmy be employed, but fountain pen ink is usually superior. If the former is employed, it must be dissolved in a small bit of warm water and then strained through filter paper, or many layers of cloth, to separate the dissolved from the undissolved dye. Much of either type of dye is required to arrive at a deep color.
lt 10.50
. De-serate the colored solution in accordance with the DeAerator Instruction v==1 The wa:er should be de-aired for a miMmum of 15 minutes, but the longer the period of time employed the greater the purity. A ru=ning time of 15 minutes would produce about a 0.4 PPii DO purity. Another 15 minutes would lower this somewhat to about 0.2 PPM. If time is of no particular importance, allow it to run until no more bubbles are noted.
10.60 No additive should be added to the solution unless one is positive as to the results to be expected. This includes corrosion inhibitors, silicones, etc.
10.70 It is not necessary to prepare any more water than is necessary to accomplish
~
the filling or flushing of the Aquaducer hose and to have on hand for possible replenishing the readout box as required. Water for the readout box does not need to be de-aired.
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11.00 PREPARATION OF ANTI-FS.EEZE SOLUTION 11.10 Water is' recommended as fluid for the DeAerator.,However, if protection against freezing conditions is required, one of the six, ethylene glycol concentrations listed at the foot of page 25 should be selected..It is advisable to choose the one which contains the least amount of ethylene glycol and yet accomplish the purpose.
11*20 Ethylene glycol of the automotive grade should not be employed unless it can be proven that silicone oil or an:1-leak additives are not conmined. The following brands have been invesegated and found suitable for use:.
Pahnol Security Wintrex Eskimo Telar The above are brands that are marketed in the United States.
They contain s
bacterial growth and corrosion inhihitors as well as coloring dye. No further additive is required.
~
11.30 The mixing of the ethylene glycol with distilled water should be accomplished under laboratory conditions to approximate the figures listed under Section 12 as closely as possible. Mixing may be accon:plished either by weight or by
~'
volume. Temperature is also a factor which must be considered in the mixing.
~
11.40 About 16 liters of the ethylene glycol solution should be ~ade up at a Eme.
After mixing the solution should be tested for specific gravity as outlined in Section 13, page 30.
Storage bottles should be carefully labelled with all
~
pertinent infor. ation contained.
~
II.50 The solution shou 'd now be de-aired in accordance with procedures outlined in the DeAerator..sstruction Manual.
=
11.60 The solution ahn11 be de-aired in the DeAerator until all of the bubbles are removed with the unit still running. This may require a period of time of one hour.
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28 12.00 PP.OPERu..5 OF ITHYLINE GLTCOL CONCEh AnATIONS IN WATER j
12.10 Tempers:ure vs. Specinc Gravity (Temperamre in degrees Farenheit)
^
i
%by weight 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 Temp..
% by volume (water) 9.1 18.4 2S.0 37.8 47.8 58.0
-50 1.110
-45 1.109
-40 1.108.
-35 1.1065
-30 1.087 1.105
-25 1.0865 1.104
-20 1.086 1.103
-15 1.085 1.1015
-10 1.068
- 1. 0H 1.100
-5 1.067 1.08; 1.0985 0
1.066 1.082 1.097 5
1.065 1.081 1.096 10 1.048 1.064 1.080 1.095
- (
15' 1.0475 1.0635 1.0785 1.0935 20 1.031 1.047 1.063 1.077 1.092 25 1.0305 1.046 1.062 1.076 1.0905 30 1.015 1.030 1.045 1.061 1.0"5 1.089 35 1.000 1.0145 1.0295 1.0445 1.060 1.074 1.08 5 40 1.000 1.014 1.029 1.044 1.059 1.073 1.086 45 1.000 1.0135 1.028 1.043 1.0575 1.0715 l'0S45
=
50 1.000 1.013 1.027 1.042 1.056 1.070 1.083 55
.9995 1.0125 1.0265 1.041 1.055 1.0535 1.0815 60
.999 1.012 1.026 1.040 1.054 1.067 1.080 i
65
.9985 1.0115 1.025 1.039 1.0525 1.0655 1.078 70
.998 1.011 1.024 1.038 1.051 1.064 1.0"6 75
.9975 1.010 1.023 1.0365 1.050 1.0625 1.0745
-80
.997 1.009 1.022 1.035 1.049 1.061 1.073
~-
12.20 Freer.ing point (OF) 32 26 17 5
-11
-32
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12.30 In practice it is seldom possible to =ake up anti-freeze mi. ures to t
exactly match those listed on the chart of page 28; at least to the exact speciac gravity desired.
For instance, it was desired to obtain a -1107 freeze point mixmre. By using a 500 ec volumetric flask and a Mettler balance capable of measuring to hundredths of gra=s, the speciSc g:i.71ty was found to be 1.0555 at 650F instead of the targeted 1.0525.
12.40 A new chart, listed under the following paragraph, was rsade up speciacally for this solution, in increments of one degree in order to obtain the maximum accuracy from the Aquaoucer under cold-weather cenditions. It can be observed from the chart of page 2S that the specine gravity of the 50%
4 concentration changes 0.0002 per degree Farenheit for the -10 to +10, 20 to 40, 50 to 60, 70 to 80 (and, ex:rapolating to 90 to 100) temperature seg:nents.
The other regions,10 to 20, 40 to 50, 60 to 70 (and, ex:rapolating to 80 to 90, and 100 to 110) represent a speciac gravity change of 0.0003 per degree.
Starting with a solution having a speciac gravity of 1.0555 at 650F, the following chart reflects these changes.
Temp.
S. G. -
Temp. S. G.
Temp.
S. G.
Temp. S. G.
Temp. S. G.
-10 1.0730 10 1.0690 30 1.0640 50 1.0590 70 1.0540
,_ 1.072S 11 1.0687 31-1.0638 51 1.0588 71 1.0538
-8 1.0~26 12 1.0684 32 1.0636 52 1.0586 72 1.0536
-7 1.0724 13 1.0681 33 1.0634 53 1.0584 73 1.0534
-6 1.0722 14 1.0678 34 1.0632 54 1.0582 74 1.0532
\\
-5 1.0720 15 1.0675 35 1.0630 55 1.0530 75 1.0530
-4 1.0718 16 1.0672 36 1.0628 56 1.0573 76
. 1.0523
-3 1.0716 17 1.0669 37 1.0626 57 1.0576 77 1.0526
-2 1.0714 18 1.0666 38 1.0624 58 1.0574 78 1.0524
-1 1.0712 19 1.0663 39 1.0622 59 1.0572 79 1.0522 0
1.0710 20 1.0660 40 1.0620 60 1.0570 80 1.0520 1
1.0708 21 1.0655 41 1.0617 61 1.0567 81 1.0517 2
1.0706 22 1.0656 42 1 0614 62 1.0564 82 1.0514 3
1.0704 23
- 1.0654 43 1.0611 63 1.0561 83 1.0511
~4 1.0702' 24 1.0652 44 1.0608 64 1.0558 84 1.050S 5
1.0700
- 25 1.0650 45 1.0605 65 1.0555 55 1.0505 6
1.0698 26 1.0648 46 1.0602 66 1.0552 86 1.0502 7
1.0696 27 1.0646 47 1.0699 67 1.0549 87 1.0499 8
1.0694 2S 1.0644 48 1.0596 6S 1.0546 58 1.0496 T
i,
9 1.0692 29 1.0642 49 1.0593 69 1.0543 89 1.0493 12.50 A chart such as the above should be. =ade up for each new batch of anti-freeze
' solution to be used with the Aquadue r.
That is, if the resulting accuracy is required.
12.60 The ethylece g'ycol solution shipped with the Aquaducer is sometimes contained in plastic bot:les in.which ant-freeze of other =akers, such as DuPest Prestone.
was originally centained. This is done to allow identiScation of the contents by t:nnspormtion cencerns. Cass, once opened, cannot be resealed.
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30 13.00 CALCULATION OF' SPECITIC GRAVITT
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13.10 The accuracy of the calculaton of this factor is dependent upon the tech =ique of the laboratory technician and the accuracy of the weighing balances.
The balance to be employed should have a sensitvity of at least 0.1 grams at 13.20 a capacity of 1350 gmms. _ A volumet:ic flask is required having a capacity of 1000 cc or one liter.
13.30 The measure:nent should occur when the solution is in a tempenture stabilized condigen. hieasure and record the tempera =re of the mix *ure.
13.40 Weigh the volumecie fit.sk. Record the weight.
13.50 Pour exactly 1000 ce of the ethylene glycol solution as described in 3ection 11 into the volumetric flask. Weigh.
From this subcact the weight of the The differe' ce is the weight of the comained sclution. Rec 6rd th'e flask.
n weight in grams.
13.60 Divide the weight of 1000 cc of the solution, in grams, by 1000 (the weight of water) to obtain the specine gravity in terms of grams per cc. Liake sure that the speciac gnvity and the temperamre of the solution at the time of testing is written on e.ach. bottle which is to consin the mixmre.
Enter this data in pertinent record or data sheets.
13.70 Another method, although not recommended, would be to use any light weight
~
bot:le having a narrow neck and a capacity of about one quart or liter.
Scratch j
a mark somewhere on the neck of the bottle. Weigh the bottle in its empty and dry condition and record the weight.
Fill the bottle with the solution to be i
tested up to the scratch mark, being as exact as possible. Weigh. Subtract from this weight that of the empty bot:le to and the weight of the contents.
Empty the bottle and thoroughly rinse with water. Fill the bottle with water up to the sentch = ark, as exact as before, and weigh.
Subtract the weight of the empty bottle to Sad the weight of the nter.
L Divide the weight of the ethylene glycol mixture obtained in the Srst paragraph j
by the weight of the water of equal volume as per the second paragraph. The
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u-resultant agure will be the specife gravity of the solution in the same ter=s:
grsms per cc.
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_14.00_
FACTORS WHICH RELtTI
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TO ACCCEACY q
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vertical height
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Wm.,.x.ramysn NNSENE-n30S#
Figure 14 14.10 Referring to Figure 14. any air bubbles occurring in the vertical ec=nonent of the water line would effect the vertical head of water. This would mean mainly the hose from the buried pipe to the reel, and the vertical section from the reel to the upper water level w-ithin the standpipe. A bubble one inch in leng6 in a vertical part of the hose would cause a system error of one inch.
14.20 Air bubbles existir.g in the horizontal component of the water system wculd have little effect on the accuracy as such. However, a large quantity of air might make the achievement of a balance dif5 cult.
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~
14.30 The specine gravity [ density, or weight per unit volume] of the system fluid can be a signiacant factor influen.ing the overall accuracy, since it changes with temperat: e.
Such change will have an effect of the weight of fluid i=nressed upon the bladder within the torpedo and subsequently the amount of air pressure generated.
14.40 If water is used as the system fluid, speciac gravity will have no effect whatever l
as long as its temperature re=ains between 33 and 50 F. Referring to the 0
l chart of Section 12, the specific gravity remains constant between these limits,
[.
but at 8007 there is a change from 1.000 to.997. If no compensation were made l'
for temperamre, and the te=pera=re of the system fluid was 500F, Se re@ g i
l or calculation, due to this effect, would be~.156" higher thin the one taken win t
the fluid under 500F.
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m 32 waterlevelin standpipe Firure 15 g
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f protruding end of buried pipe
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torpedo level in pipe 8
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Figure 16
~
14.50 Example Data sheet entry of a Specific Grav!!y of 1.039 at 65 F with
(" Ibis would be a 30% ccucentration of ethylene glycol in water)
(
given No temperature compensation factors:
- 1 reading taken Mih fluid temperamre at 30 F 0
- 2 reiding taken with fluid temperamre at 80'F Under the above stated conditions #1 reading would be too low by.277" and
- 3 reading would be too high by.186".
14.60 It is the vertical component of the water syste. dich is a large factor relating to accuracy under changing temperature conditions. This is outlined in Figure 15, which picmres the vertical component exposed to atmo_pheric changes (a], and in Fi.ure 16, which co= pares the entent of tis with tat entsting in the buried pipe (b].
As long as there is a difference of the temperamre of the fluid in the hose within
[
the pipe (b] and that exposed to the atmosphere [a], an effect on the accuracy will result.
r-14.70 Figure 13 ows a torpedo in a measuring position in a section of buried pipe vhich dips in a abrupt manner. Under such a condition, any variation in 'he lengt of hose within the~ pipe over that of the previous measurement would result in a difference in the position ng of the torpedo along the sicpe. A difference oflength of 1" of hose might cause a 3/4" error, whereas on a fairly horizontal level it would have comparatively little effect.
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'15.00 HOW TO DIPROVE USTRUMINT ACCURACT 15.10 Some of the means of improving the ace = racy of the Aquaducer, listed below,
. need not necessarily be employed.- The ex:ent of the accuracy ng:: ired win dictate the amount of precaution to be taken and the methods to be used in the taking of settlement da:a.
i 15.20 Except forthe readout box, use only fluid which has been suitably de-aired to within 0.1 to 0.5 parts per million of dissolved oxygen. There is only
~
one commercial apparatus made that win accomplish this purity on a small L
quantity basis. This is the DeAerator which is furnished with the Aquaducer.
15.30 Always keep a watchful eye on the water hose for air bubbles and on the air
(
hose for the presence of water. Bear in mind that a one inch column of water in the air line or a one inch bubble in the water line, when in a vertical segment of the line, will cause and er or of one inch in the ultimate reading.
For this reason, the air line must be purged from time to time to compensate for the slight leakage through the balloon by osmosis, and the water line flushed when bubbles begin to occur.
15.40 Use only the fluid which has been set aside for the Aquaducer.
Never use tap water. Use anti-freeze (ethylene glycol) only when equired for such type of protection.. When such protec: ion is no longer required, in the spring, the ethylene glycol solu: ion should be removed and the syste= flurued and Siled with colored dis:illed water. If the color of the anti-freeze used is
(
normally blue, use a different color, such as red, for the distiDed water.
15.50 Never add water to a system using ethylene glycol. Never add ethylene glycol to a system using water. Either of these sin cause a change of speciac gravity of the system fluid and win effect the acmcy until such a time when the fluid is changed again.
15.60 Minimize the effect of temperature when operating with ethylene glycol 3
solutions (or when water is used at ex:remely high ambient te=peramres).
This may be accomplished by allowing the entire system to stabilize to the
.r tempernare conditions of the field. Reverse the procedure outlined in Paragraph 3.90 of page 8 and start the testing with the torpedo in the
' position nearest to the readout apparams.
i Make an estimated guess as to the temperature of the fluid within the water
. hose. If the existing tempersmre had remained relatively unchanged, the
~
chances are good that the fluid would be stabilized to the'e-isting ambient temperamre.. Continue the testing. Before proceeding on a test at another
_ pipe location, make sure that sufficient time has elapsed for the water in the I
entire system to stabilize again.
One method to ascertain the tempe.rature might be to dip a small 1-~ersics
. type thermometer in a one liter bot:le filled with the ethylene glycol solu: ion and to leave this exposed to the elements along with the balance of the Aquaducer apparams. The temperature thus obtained would be more of an average Egure, and more likely to be closer to that of the Aquaducer fluid
(
than the fluct.:2:ing air, which is generally quite variable.
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34
.g 15.60 For the best possible accuracy, a chart.such as that shown on page 29 should (continued) be made up based upon the specine gravity of the ethylene glycol solution used.
The specine gnvity b be used in calculating Qe set:lement should be taken from this chart and based upon the temperature recorded on the data sheet.
. Of course, the chart must be changed whenever'a new mi.ture of anti-freeze is used. - For this reason it is advisable to make up such anti-freeze solutions in 20 liter or five gn11on quantities.
15.70 For best accuracy use water for the system fluid and do not use the Aquaducer when the temperature is ex:remely variable. Wait until a cicudy day comes along. The sun cza heat the exposed water hose. That par: of the hose that is buried wf 9 not be heated and will tend to have a different spectSc gravity, r
1.
even though small in change, than that portion which is exposed to the sun.
An ideal time to use the Aquaducer is when the ambient temperature is between and 50 F with no sun shinkg. Refer to page 31.
0
- '30 15.80 Use as short a hose length as possible. Iong lengths sf hose mean longer lengths of time required to take measurements. This additional time can be quite trying and the possibility of human error 14 likely to occur more when using the Aquaducer at the icwer ex:remes of temperamre. Through use of the stainless steel 'Swagelok' type fittings various different lengths of hose
-i can be used as required.
l(-
15.90 Make sure to be careful when aligning the dashed (-) part of the marker on the hose with the exposed end of the pipe when the torpedo is positioned on a sloped L.
portion of the buried pipe. Suspect every measurement of this type.
15.100 Make sure that the pressure gage is exercised and that a true gage zero exim before the apparatus is placed in use per the require =ents of Section 3.
15.110 Make sure that the pressure gage is exercised at least once per month whether or not the Aquaducer is being used for measuring purposes. This is necessary for the gage to retain its accuracy.
r-15.120 When not in use, store the readout box in a dry location.
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35 16.00 DO NOT's 16.10 Do not leave the Aquaducer in a sitnation where freezing is likely to occur when the system fluid is water. One such occu=ence completely ruined the.
expensive water chmber piston asse=bly. Another case resulted in the.
fracare of a window then used in the torpedo and the plastic standpipe.
16.20 Do not operate the water chamber piston assembly when the standpipe valve is closed. Under such conditions, with the assembly being screwed i= ward in a pressure mode, the water, being uncompressible, has to go someplace.
!~
If the hose is connected to the readout box, the water would act against the bla ider. If the hose were not connected, the water would burst itself possibly through the 'O' ring seal at the standpipe. Damage might result.
- 16..**'J Do not allow ' knob twis*.ers' (those people not knowing the operation of the instrument or those not concerned with its use) to even touch the instrument, except under guidance. The Aquaducer is not a toy.
16.40 Do not exceed the pressure li=its of the air gage. % hen exercising the gage 1:is necessary only to approach the 280" limit. Do not over-inflate the system.
[
16.50 Do not leave the Aquacucer unattended for any long length of time. The manu-facmrer of the air pressure gage recommends that it be exercised once per month minimmn.
16.60 Do not attempt to take the s'.r pressure gage apart under any circumstance. If the gage does not operate properly, repair can be accomplished only in the specialised laboratory where calibration equipment is a necessity. This is an expat. Ave precision gage. The balance of the Aquaducer is of simph design l,.
and may be easily taken apart as required.
16.70.
Do not overload the system fluid with chemicals which are supposed to overcome various and sundry faults.. Adhere strictly with the inst:uctions contained within this manual. A continual search goes on for new Aquaducer system fluids, but so far only water and ethylene glycol seem to be applicable.
16.70 Do not tighten the setscrews of the turpedo with too much torque. Bear in mind that the thickness of thread is only.065". Excessive tightening is not required and will only caure stripping of the threads. Use moderation.
~
16.80 Do not allow foreign substances or particles to accumulate in the system fluid.
' If the fluid is suspected, by all means flush out the old fluid and replace with the new. Flushing is so simple to accomplish and should be done at least twice a year.
16.90
'Do not alle.,w dust to accumulate inside the readout box. Such dust could 11nd its
. way into the air pressure gage, even though this unit is protected from such.
!(
16.100
' Do not allow water in the air hose line. Correct this condition at once.
%.h TAD-RW. -44
36
- [
17.00 p$5 RE1.ATING JO REPAIR AND MAIN *lENANCE 17.IQ
;1s required:
Open end wrenches, one each 1/2", 9/16",11/16" and two each 7/16" One each of Waldes Truarc e:cernal snap ring pliers #0200 and 90300 Miscellaneous sizes of screwdrivers
'17.20 Referring to Figure 11A on page 22, the snap r.ngs (124 and 125) may become difficult to remove without the snap f.ng pliers listed above. Ifit becomes necessary to take this unit apart, please inform the manufaemrer and the required pliers will be sent on a load basis-(or they may be easily purchased).
A screw might exist in the area designated by (a) in some models. This serves a purpose relating to a change of design only and need not be removed.
17.30 Man"A *m er's Part Numbers (referring to Section 8, pages 20 and 21) 108 Swagelok SS-QC4-D-400 1
~
109 Swagelok SS-QC6-D-600 222 Swagelok SS-300-R-4 233 Swagelok SS-QC4-B-400 214 Swagelok SS-QC6-B-600 211 Eas"an 260U-3/8 (brass sleeve caly) 219 Eastman 260U-3/16
-215 Davol Latex Surgical Finger Cotr N.
17.40 It may become necessary to replace the air and water lines at the torpedo.
Referrtig to Figure 10 of page 20, for the fit:dsg 219 (air), the disassembly should be accomplished by preventing the lower part of the connector from twisdag out of the barrel through use of one 7/16" open end wrench and by e45 the other cap section using a second 7/16" wrench. For the water fitting (211) the same procedure is employed except using a 1/2" open end wrench for the low part and a 9/16" wrench for the cap portion. It is not r-possible to use the sleeves of these fit"ngs again, so for this reason some spares are included in the spare' parts kit.
I-6-1/2"
'a' l
fl a
l-c i
Water line t
a.u s l
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f f- :
Air Line
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wy t
t I ft. marking
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Figure 17 DM C_M -4\\
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When the torpedo and hose line were origir..lly manufactured the dimension i
17.50 from the monitoring point within the torpedo 5as established as being 5-1/2" from the end of the water line tubhg. If a new hose were to be made up, for instance (referring to Figure 11 of page 37), the dimension from the end of the water line to the first marker (let us assume a marker exists every foot) at the 1 foot position would be 6-1/2", or 9 ft. 6-1/2 inches to the 3
tan foot marker. The dimension 'a', in ~mkEg up a new line, should be
' a little more than one inch, and then cut back as required to establish a perfect fit. Dimension 'a' is generally 15/16", but may vary somewhat.
6 It is not generally recommended to cut off the ends of existing hose lines 17.60 and to reconnect the torpedo. This practice would cause the length markers to i
- in error from previously recorded readings.
For such,
an event, one in which the hose lines are in good order and the tips of the individuallines are in poor condition, it is recommended that new lines' be connected to the old ones through use of brass or stainless steel 'Swagelok' attings, to make up for the par:s of the line which were removed.. In this manner there would be no loss of accuracy. It
~
might be a good idea to wrap electrical such splicing fittings with vinyl electrical tape to prevent any sharp corners from WM on the PVC pipe junctions.. Such fit"ngs should a'so be staggered to reduce any possible build-up of the cable diameter.
j
,/
17.70 if the air gage ever creates a problem, especially if it is slow to react to pressure changes, it might be wise to see if the filter is clogged
\\
(see instructions under Section 9).
Also the s allhole in the center of the red plastic plug of the gage must be kept clear.
Par *.s contained in the Spare Par:s Kit (numbers refer to those of Section 8) 17.80 One (125)
Snap ring, small Cne (121)
'O' ring for the pisten assembly Tio - 902, 217,
'O' ring, for nose insert, etc.
112, 115) 4 Two 9 05, 209)
'O' ring, medium, for torpedo inserts L
Two (208)
Bladder 'O' rings Two GIS)
Bladders or balloons One (224)
Adaptor for bladder instn112rion L
Allen wrenches for torpedo setscrews Two C
Ten G05,etc.)
Allen setscrews, eup point, SS, S-32x1/8" One (Fig. 6)
'O' Ring Screw (per page 14)
One (Mg. 7)
Nose Adaptor Two quick-connect fittings, Swagelok 1/S MPT-1/4 QC-200 and 1/4 MPT-17.90 3/6-QC-200, modified, are used as part of the hose reel to accept the female hose $ttings.
These are of plated brass construe: ion.
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~18.00 SIGNIFICANCE OF DISSOINED AIR IN WATER -
The efects of air in hydraulic systems, or, the effects of t.2e use of de-aired 18.10 water in hydraulic systems, are not generauy wen known. Somewhat of a
. controversy continues to exist year after year, without pertinent da:a being brought to light. However the fonowing notes might tend to clear up this situation at least with regard to the Aquaducer.
An air bubble in the vertical component of the hose system of the Aquaducer 18.20-
. will m'enn less weight applied to the banoon. The end result, if such a bubble occupied a one inch length of tubing, would mean a one inch error in settlement measurement; the amount of error being proportional to the length of bubble in the vertical position. Such a bubble would not result in any error whatever if it were truly parallel with the horizontal plane, but, since this condition would seldom exist while meansurements are being taken it is safe to assume rightly that such air bubbles do cause errors.
The DeAerator wiu reduce the dissolved oxygen (DO) content is water from 10 13.30 parts per million to less than 1 part per million (acmally about 0.6 ppm) at sea level conditions at a rate of six liters per five minutes. Levels of ? to However.
10 ppm DO may be considered average for non de-aired water.
this content can vary widely with temperature and altitude.
1 ppm DO is equivalent to 0.7 cc/ liter in terms of volume-The DeAerator will reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in water from This is 10 ppm to less than 1 ppm, for instance, for a 9 ppm reduction.
equivalent to a 0.7 x 9 = 6.3 cc/ liter or 10.63 reduction of total water volume.
Air contains 21% oxygen by volume.
I
- Under the hypothesis that the same relationship between nitrogen and oxygen exist in water in dissolved form as' exists in the atmosphere (there is a difference which will,effect the figures only slightly) or 21% oxygen by volume, the volume of air removed would be:
o 100 0.63 x
= 3%
21
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The 3% figure represents the amount of air equivalent to a 15 foot air lock c
in a 500 foot length of tubing, The above does not mean that a 15 ft. air lock would necessarily form if water 18.40 were used that had not been suitably de-aired, but such is possible with time.
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Regardless, without a means of de-airing water the cperator of the Aquaducer 18.50 or any other similar instrument would be treubled with air bubbles which would-in tu=t effect the accuracy.
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39 19.00 I.ATEST NOTES 19.10 These notes over-zule any su:ement made in this Instruction Manual which may be commmmg,
-19.20-The linearity of the Aquaducer may easily be deteMned by allowing the torpedo to remain in a fixed position and adjusting the water level to the zero point (using water as the system fluid) of the sundpipe scale. Apply air pressure by means of the squeeze bulb and allow the water to settle at various points along the eight inch scale. Never allow the water level to e
fall while accomplishing this test. A graph is plot:ed with the air pressure as the ordinate and the scale reading as the abcissa. The portion of the curve which is in the form of a straight line is the region of linearity of the instrument. The section of the curve will form at 450 when the, ordinate and the abscissa are both represented by identical graph u=its.
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GEOPHYSICAL INSTRUMENTATION Company
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THE WALTER NOLD COMPANY Since 1940 Walter E. Nold. founder of l
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The Walter Noid Company, has been e
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designing and developing new products d@"Ih?
to meet the varied needs of tne indus-N ZN - ' -
tnal community. A few of tne products 8
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as listed here give a clue as to the wealth of the company's experience in product
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desip and development:
- an original model of the ball point V
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Wp development of a low cost but pen (not marketed due to tne g
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snferior model by competitors)
- a conductivity tester, utilized by y
the U.S. Navy in att summannes
- a hairspring timing desice
- a photographic cutung machine
- a density comparitor for typewriter I
O ribbons and caroon paper THE SEISMITROM
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THE NOLD ACUADUCER THE NOLD DeAERATOR
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WALTER NOLD COMPANY D D - C. M.
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FEATURES 6
e Produces extremely pure deaerated water
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- Fast and efficient
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- Simpie, safe, easy to o.serste e ~. -..
- Portamie Model shown is the 6 liter unit I
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designed uoan special request.
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TYPICAL APPLICATIONS r
- Closed hydraulic system o Specific gravity and permeability
- Manometer and settlement gages
- Milk and food degasification
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- Chemical stripper
- 011 distillation 5
GENERAL i.
The principles employed by the DeAerstor were discovered in 1970 as a result of a researen and development program.
A phenomenon, known as cavitation, was employed to literally best gaseous and volatile componems out of their dis-1 f __
solved state to amazingty hign purity levels. The generally accepted method of desiring water, prior to the discovery, was boiling unoer a vacuum and then allowing to cool. Usually the results were unreliable, and typicstly 4 liters of water at 5 PPM DO purity would take approximately 45 minutss to preoare. With : se cavitation pecess: 6 liters of 0.6 PPM D0 noter can be produced in 5 minutet.
Degasification of licuids has now been commercially hamessed in tne birtn of the DeAerator.
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pdesdond e@ce.ES walter nold company The Seismitron l
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The Seismitron is a portable instrument whien has been in use for over twenty years the prediction of rock falls in t:mnels and mines, and for the determination of failure slopes at earth dams and mountain-sides. It is also used to justify the need for roo The Seismitron is based on the microseismic pheno-or to verify the effectivity when used.
menon discovered by Drs. Obert andDuval of the U.S. Bureau of hiines in 1939.
The principle of operation is based on the frequency of occurrence of microseisms (erroneously called ' rock noises' or ' acoustic emissions') which are, in effect, slippag hiicroseisms occur of the crystals or. grains making up the material creating the effect.
at audio frequencies and, when epimed, scand like ' clicks' akin to the creaking of stair-ways or dinng boards. Almost any hard material, :mch as salt, rock, shales, sandston brick, glass, wood, steel, concrete, sand or sugar will produce microseismr,
For convenience some geophones (sensors) are permanently buried, such as at the In tunnels, however, holes are
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slopes of the North and West Cuts of the Tarbela Dam.
bored 100 feet apart and the geophone is inserted at each of the stations only for the 15 minute monitoring period which may take place weekly or monthly as conditions warrant bileroseisms are made audible through use of a low-noise amplifier.
tre counted r="11y, since other factors (such as raindrops) would trip an electrical counter or an event recorder. A history is established for each location by plotting the Prediction of failure which may be up to 5
microseismic rate against the dated time.
45 days in advance of actual time under ideal conditions, is determined by extrapolation of the plots to the point representing breakdown. At any time, a collapse is imminent when the microseismic rate doubles within's 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> period.
The Seismitron is certified for coal m'ine use by the U.S. Bureau of blines fo'r
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United States and by the Depar=nent of hiines and Technical Surveys for Cn'dn -
The Seismitron is manufacmred by the Walter Nold Company, 24 Birch Road,6Natick.
hiassachusetts 01760, U.S. A.
617 - 653 1635 24 birch road, natick, e+"Awt:s, u.s.z. 01760
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CERTIrIED FOR COAL MINE USE 3Y THE CANADIAN DEPARTMENT OF MINES A' D TECHNICAL SURVL'YS N
DM&TS w.inu1CA"iION NO. 34-I.S.
i WALTER NOLD COMPANY 24 BIRCH ROAD NATICK, MASSACHUSrnS, U.S. A.
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FOR CANADA WALTER NOLD COMPANY
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Approval 4'""
5 ZA-4 j'f 27.-1964 U Cf CAUTION: Batteries must not be changed or covers removed except in fresh air! The ao-proval applies only so long as the electrical components and wiring'are not altered.
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- Examnle of Calculation
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Conditions:
Ambient Temperature: 20 F 0
Y Gage Temperature: 300F a
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0 55 F W
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Ethylene glycol solution: 1.055 SG @ 780F Solution K factor:
for 20F:.932929
$ Monument rod for 55F:.940178 g
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PVC Settlement Pipe
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The dimension from.the top /of the monument to the lower inside of the protruding PVC settlement pipe. For thejurpose of this calculation the dimension is 23".
This dimension, which may roughly be iccomplished, will remain constant for all further monitoring for this particular location.
l Torpedo is pulled to its furthermost point and readout box and reel installed or. monument rod.
At least twenty muntes must occur before readings are taken to allow the fluid to reach accy J,le temperature conditicas. Assume a reading has just been taken.
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Pressure gage reads 40" and te=perature gage reads 30F. By referring to the calibration chart for the pressure gage, the corrected reading for 30F is found to be 40.1" 2.
3.5 x 1/K (@ 20F) = 3.5/K = 3.5/.932929 = 3.752" (apparent (what the gage indicates])
.[The 3.5" is the standpipe reading of the fluid at 20F. 1/K is greater than one; K being the factor taken for the fluid at 207 from the K Factor Sheet. 'This means that 3.5" fluid weighs more than 3.5" of water and the gage indicates that additional weight, or 3.752".]
- 3. 23 x 1/K (@ 207) = 23/K = 23/.932929 = 24.653" (apparent) j
[The 23" figure represents the balance of the segment (vertical) of the tubing which is exposed to the ambient temperature (20F). The pressure gage will indicate more than 23" for this dimension, since the Duid weighs more than plain water. The K factor for the fluid at 20F is the same as for the above (.932329).
- 4. 40.1 - 3. 752 = 36.348" (apparent) This is part of the monitoring procedure and is the i
corrected monarent dimension between the readout box and the torpedo. It is the gage reading
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(corrected) from which.the standpipe reading (corrected) has been subtracted.
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36.348 - 24.653 = 11.695" (apparent) This is the apparent "A* dimension.
6.
11.695 x E (@ 55F) = 11.695 x.940178 = 10.995" (real) This represents the real dimension of the vertical segment of the fluid within the settlement pipe. Since the temperature within the pipe is 55F, the K for the fluid at this temperamre is taken from the K Factor Chart for 55:.
7.
10.995 + 23.000 = 33.995" (real) This is the final figure for the dimension between the tcp of the monument rod and the torpedo within the settlement pipe.
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Explanation of the K Factor
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The pressure gage is calibrated in terr.-a of inches of water at 20C (687).
Ithylene glycol and water mixtures weigh more than water by an amount indicated in the Specine Gravity and K Factor Chart as listed under SpeciSc Gravity.
The Specine Gravity of water at 68F is.9982343. A liter (1000 cc) of water, for instance, weighs 998.2343 grams.
If, for instance, a vertical column of water of 40" at 68F existed, the pressure gage would theoretically measure what it sees; 40" of water at 68F, and would read 40".
However, if this same column were substituted byja Duld having a specine gravity of 1.0581 at 68F, the reading would be higher, since the weight of the Guid would be heavier than wate-by a factor of 1.0581 The reading would be higher by a factor or ratio of the specine gravity of the fluid at 68F (1.0582)to the specific gravity of water at the calibrated 68F (.9982343) or:
1.0581/.9982343 = 1.059971 l
For this particular example the reading indicated for the ethylene glycol mixture would be:
40" x 1.059971 = 42.399" To bring this agcre back to a true dimension, it would be necessA:7 to divide the
" 42.399" by 1.059971, or:
42.399/1.059971 or 42/1 x 1/1.059971 = 40" 1/1.059971 =.943422, which Is the reciprocal of 1.059971, and is a more convenient form to employ as a multiplying factor K. The K for the above ethylene glycol and water mixture a
i for 68F, as listed in the K Factor Chart, is.943422.
42.399 x K (@687) = 42.399 x.943422 = 40"
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7, Specific Gravities and K Factors Mr Ethylene Glycol a;sd Water Solution at 1.055 @ 780F
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- 5. G.
K OF
- 5. G.
K 0
1.074
.929455 50 1.06300
.939073 1
1.0738
.929628
.51 1.06275
.939294 2
1.0736
.929801 52 1.06250
.939515 3
1.0734
.929974 53 1.06225
,939736 4
4 1.0732
.930148 54 1.06200
.939957 5
1.0730
.930321 55 1.06175
.940178 6
1.0728
. 930494 56 1.06150
.940400 7. t 0726
.930668 57 1.06125
.940621 8
1.0724
.930841 58 1.06100
.940843 9
1.0722
.931015 59 1.06C75-
.941065 10.1.0720
.931189 60 1.06050
.941286 11 1.0718
.931382 61 1.0602
.941553 12 1.0716
.931536 62 1.0599
.941819 13 1.0714
.931710 63-1.0596
.942086 14 1.0712
.931884 64 1.0593
.942353 15 1.0710
.932058 65 1.0590
.942620 16 1.0708
.932232 66 1.0587
.942887 17 1.0706
.932406 67 1.0584
.943154 18 1.0704
.932580 68 1.0581
.943422 19 1.0702
.932754 69 1.0578
.943689 20 1.0700
.932929 70 1.05750
.943957 21 1.0698
.933104 71 1.05725
.944180
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22 1.0696
.933278 72 1.05700
.944403 i
23 1.0694
.933453 73 1.05675
.944627 24 1.0692
.933626 74 1.05650
.944850 1
25 1.0690
.933802 75 1.05625
.945082 26 1.0688
.933977 76 1.05600
.945298 27 1.0686
.934151 77 1.05575
.945521 28 1.0684
.934326 78 1.05530
.945745 29 1.0682
.934501 79 1.05525
.945969 30 1.0680
.934676 80 1.05500
.946194 31 1.0678
.934851 81 1.0547
.946463 32 1.0676
.935026 82 1.0544 *
.946732 33 1.0674
.935202 83 1.p541
.947001 34 1.0672
.935377 84 1.0338
.947271 35 1.0670
.935552 85 1.0535
.947541 36 1.0668
.935727 86 1.0532
.947810 I
37 1.0666
.9?4903 87 1.0529
.948081 38 1.0664
.936073 88 1.0526
.948351 39 1.0662-.936254-89 1.0523
.948621 40 -1.0660
.936430 90 1.05200
.948892 41 1.0657
.936694 91 1.05165
.949208
- 42. 1.0654-.936957 92 1.05130
.949524 43 1.0651
.937221 93 1.05095
.949840
.44 1.0648
.937485 ~
94 1.05060
.950156 45 1.0645-.937749 95 1.05025
.950473 0c
- 46 1.0642
.938014 96 1.04990
.950790 47 1.0639
.938278 97 1.04955
.951107 l
48 1.0636.938543 98 1.04920
.951424 hN,\\
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.938807 99 1.04885
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C D J03 NO. 2220 MIlDLAND PLANT i
i i
j PROCIUCRI TOR AS RICE USPIC ION OF NOLD Sr.. D'INI' GAGE IN5PICTION PROCEURI No. 5
.i 1.
Check the length measurements en the settlement gage hose and document on For= NS-I-1.
4 2.
Check that the couplings on the sectieaant sage hose mate with che couplings on the i
readout panal and document on Torm NS-I-1.
l 3.
Check that the fluid shutoff valve at the top of the standpipe is operational and document on Form NS-I-1.
4.
Check that the panel air valve is operational and document on Form NS-I-1.
5.
Check that the squeeze bulb valve is operational and document on form NS-I-1.
i l
6.
Check that the fluid in the Aquaducer hose is free of air bubbles and document on Fe:m NS-I-1.
7.
Check the fluid level in the standpipe section of the readout unit as per See:1on 3.80 of INSTRUCTION MANUAI. and document on Form NS-I-1.
iC 8.
Following the steps outlined in the INSTECTIdN MANUAL, set up the probe alongside a vertical surveyor's levelling rod and record the survey rod graduation on Trra NS-I-2.
- 9. ' Record the settlement gage reading on Form NS-I-2, following the method detailed in READING PROCIDURI No. 5.
- 10. Raise or lower the probe a distance of one foot and record the survey rod graduation and gage reading on Form NS-I-2.
- 11. Compara the change in height as measured with the survey rod and with the settlement sage and compare with manufacturer's calibration.
- 12. Repeat steps 8 through 11 for a =4-4 =*= of three other pairs of probe elevations and document on Form NS-I-1.
i
- 13. Document the settlement sage inspection, add the inspection date and signed approval of the inspector as provided on Form NS-I-1.
4 14.
Send a copy of the completed Forms NS-I-1 and NS-I-2 to CD home office, retaining a copy on-site during the monitering program.
Signed: ANII
/N k*illiamR.Seloff i/
Rev. No.
Date Desertstiet By
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0 12/26/78 WR3 m
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Tile No. 2220-QA-7 G D JOB NO. 2220. MIDLAND PLAN" FROCCURE FOR RIADING NOLD St.. w. INT GAGE RSADU;0 PROCIDURE No. 5 1.
Read and become familiar with the material contained in INSTRUCTION MANUAL-THE AQUADUCER HOSE SI""L". INT GAGE supplied by the gage manufacturer,
~he current editien of this*menual includes revision C.
2.
Complete instrument number, date,
'+d=1=
cf operator and fluid type sa provided on Form NS-R-1.
1 3.
Determine the elevation of the top of the bar, from Benchmark No. 9 as provided on Form NS-R-1.
Elevation shr.11 be deter =ined to the nearest 0.001
)
foot and recorded to the nearest 0.01 foot.
i 4.
Record the Ambient Air temperature for the vertical height of exposed hose as provided for on Form NS-1-1.
~
5.
Record the Estimated Ground temperature as provided for en Form NS-R-1.
This is best accomplished by inserting a thermometer to the =idlangth of the buried pipe, allowing it to remain there fer approximately 30 minutes, then remove the thermometer quickly and note the tsdicated temperature.
(.
6.
Follow the reading procedura detailed in Section 3 of the INSTRUCTION MANCAL-THE AQUADUCIR BOSE SETTL M. GAGE. Readings shall be taken at 10 foot intervals along the buried pipe. For each reading, complete columns (d)
. thru (.j) as provided on Form NS-R-1.
7.
Transpose data from Form NS-1-1 onto Form NS-R-2 and calculate probe elevation as provided on the Form. Note that the "K" Tactor valves for various temperatures are contained in the INSTRUC"!ON MANUAL.
8.
Sand a copy of Forms NS-R-1 and NS-R-2 to the C D home office, retaining a
/
copy of each on site during the measuring period.
/
Signed ik/
c.,J,
/ 02
~
William R. Belo Rev. No.
Date Descriction 3v 0
12/26/78 WR3 48.
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File #2220-QA-8 i
DIISIL GE;IRATOR BUILDING. MIDLAST PLANT GZD JOB NO. 2220 INSTRUMENT INSPECTION RECORD OF AS-RECIIVED INSPECTION OF NOLD Sr.Ai iP MIT GAGE Settlement Gage Serini No.
Pressure Gage Serial No.
4 WIPITCN T CECK CEECIID HS
}D DEE BT Im=gth narkers on base acceptable Hose mm14e= ns.te irith readout e r1h p Fluid eM'ff valve on s*="tipe
!(..
operational Panel air valve operational 1
iiqueeze t.:1b valve open*n=1 7
Bose free of air bubbles Standpipe fluid level j
=
acceptable l
Spot check on nanufacturers calibration acceptable j
Signed Date
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