ML19317G466
| ML19317G466 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Crystal River  |
| Issue date: | 03/31/1973 |
| From: | FLORIDA POWER CORP. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8003160076 | |
| Download: ML19317G466 (120) | |
Text
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l' [ f y I' 9 "A! ,f N" ;f"hj PT". " bb7 5 f.%/ A/ Page 5 1. GENERAL A. Environmental Affairs B. Surveillance Affairs C. Licensing Affairs D. Nuclear Affairs 6 II. SITE METEOROLOGY PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 6 111. BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM (CRYSTAL IllVER) 6 IV. MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 7 V. PRE OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY (CRYSTAL RIVER) A. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services B. University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering 7 VI. ZOOPLANKTON SURVEY 7 Vll. BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM (WEEDON ISLAND, TAMPA BAY) 7 Vill. ANCLOTE ESTUARINE ECOLOGY STUDY l 7 IX. FISH ENTRAPMENT STUDY 9 X. APPENDICES I 12 A. University of South Florida Thermal Discharge Plume Report 36 8. University of Florida Zooplankton Survey 46 C. University of Florida Radiological Report l 78 D. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Radiological Survey Report 90 E. Pinellas County Health Department Radiation Surveillance Report 94 F. University of South Florida Benthic Marine Ecology Program at Weedon Island 118 G. University of South Florida Environmental Investigation at the Anclote Power Plant Site. '
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, . t J w . V .i QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT l
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5 e. a N 1 iGENERAL construction activities associated with power b plants for assurance that environmental permits The publication of this issue of ths Environmen- are complied with. During the past six months, tal Status Report incorporates the environmental surveillance was performed on the following activities of Florida Power Corporation from projects: Anclote Plant construction, Bartow October,1972 to March,1973. Plant dredging and waste water collecting sys-The following is a summarization of the tem, Bayboro Plant peaker construction and Company's supporting and associated activities seawall, Crystal River Plant construction, Avon during the last semester, coordinated as a prin- Park Plant waste water collecting system, and cipal responsibility of the Generation Environ- Turner Plant waste water collecting system. mental and Regulatory Affairs Department. In addition, the surveillance effort is re-sponsible for env:ronmental research support' A. Environmental Affairs systems. Currently, work is being performed on in the realm of environmental affairs, Florida the installation of a solar radiation monitoring Power Corporation is continuing to interface system at the Crystal River Plant site which is with its research projects, with governmental expected to be operational in April,1973. In agencies and with conservation groups. Essen- future months it is expected that i weather tial activities include the assessing of any en- monitoring station and a hydrological monitor-vironmental impact resulting from either operat- ing system will be installed at the Anclote Plant ing or croposed power plants and the minimiza- site for research use. Maintenance of the ocean-tior'sf such impact through design modification. ographic data acquisition system of Crystal During the past six months, efforts were River continues as well as maintenance of re-directed principally at the following concerns: search facilities at Crystal River and Anclote.
- 1. Publication of the Anclote Environment Report (Operating License Stage). C. Licensing Affairs
- 2. Preparation for publication of the An- The environmental licensing activities of the clote Annual Report for 1972 prepared by the Company include preparation, review and sub-University of South Florida, Marine Science mission of all environmental permit applications institute. to regulatory agencies. In addition, liaison is
- 3. Preparation for and moderation of the maintained with these agencies in order to pro-Fifth Semi Annual Research Review Conference vide design engineering with environmental and at Crystal River on November 17,1973. Iicensing input parameters.
- 4. Modification and redirection of research Since September 1972, the following project activities due to interactions of regulatory and permit applications were prepared, submitted research personnel, and/or acted upon:
- 5. Preparation for the Sixth Semi Annual 1. Anclote Dredging Project: Submitted dis-Research Review Confe- at Crystal River to charge permit application to Environmental be held on May 11, l'.,. 4. Protection Agency.
- 6. Preparation of supplementary environ- 2. Anclote Pipeline: Requested and received mental information for the AEC in their prepara- approvals and permits for crossing all navig-tion of the Crystal River Environmental Impact able waters. Submitted air pollution source con-Statement. struction permit to Florida's Department of Pol-lution Control for heating boiler associated with B. Surveillance Affairs fuel oil pumping station.
Since the last edition, the Licensing and Regu- 3. Bartow Channel Markers: Submitted ap-latory Affairs effort has been separated into plication to Trustees i.,f the internal lmprovement Surveillance Affairs and Licensing Affairs. The Trust Fund for new navigational buoys. surveillance effort is responsible for observing 4. Crystal River: Submitted application to l l
6 Trustees of the internal Improvement Trust Fund the Crystal River nuclear plant for comment by for maintenance of small boat pass located in public and government agencies. On January north dike of intake canal. Application was sub- 17,1973, the Company filed its comments on mitted to the Trustees of the Internal improve- the draft statement and its responses on the ment Trust Fund for construction of a boat ramp comments of other state and federal agencies. in the intake canal and a boat ramp and dock in The Final Environmental Impact Statement is the discharge canal to more adequately provide expected to be published in May,1973. for the needs of our various researchers. Work 3. In December and March, the Company also began on the preparation of permit appli- filed Amendments #23 and #24 to the Final cations for maintenance dreJging of the intake Safety Anal" sis Report for the Crystal River canal. Unit #3. These some 800 update pages reflect
- 5. Bayboro Maintenance Dredging: Ob- responses to Requests for Additional Informa-tained dredging permit from Trustees of the tion made by the AEC.
Internal improvement Trust Fund. Submitted 4. On March 6,1973, the Company filed dredge permit application to U.S. Army Corps with the AEC a summary discussion of the re-of Engineers, search activities being conducted at Crystal
- 6. Bayboro Seawall Construction: Requested River to facilitate the environmental review of letter of no objection from Pinellas County Water this facility.
and Navigation Control Authority and submitted in addition to written responses to AEC con-application to Trustees of the internal improve- cerns, Company and AEC representatives have ment Trust Fund for permission to remove rubble been meeting to resolve various questions relat-and rip rap located outside the bulkhead line. ing to the safety analysis review of the Crystal
- 7. System: Submitted applications to and River facility. It is anticipated that that operat-received permits from the Florida Department ing license stage hearings will be scheduled for of Pollution Control to construct chemical indus- the end of 1973.
trial waste treatment facilities for Bartow, Crys-tal River, Higgins, Turner, Avon Park, Suwannee, SITE METEOROLOGICAL PROGRAM and inglis Plant. (CRYSTAL RIVER) D. Nuclear Affairs Acquisition of meteorological data has continued Major activities for this period have invoived at the Crystal River site for both 30 and 150 coordination of Company efforts related to foot levels. During a period of 60 weeks, ending completion of the Atomic Energy Commission's with November 22, 1972, we achieved a re-(AEC) environmental review of Crystal River and covery rate of 96.35% for the 30 foot level and presentation of information the AEC requires in 97.70% for the 150 foot level. During the up-its safety analysis review of Crystal River. Re- coming months, we will be replacing the existing lated to the abo"a the following major activities equipment shelter with a new environmentally were accomp!ished: controlled building. This new building will assist
- 1. In September, representatives of the us in maintaining these data recovery rates with Atomic Energy Commission met with Company less man hours involved. In addition, future personnel and researchers at the Crystal River changes are being planned to update the sys-site to discuss various aspects of the radiologi- tem for use by Crystal River Unit #3.
cal monitoring programs being conducted by the Florida Department of Health and Rehabili. BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM tative Services and the University of Florida, Dep1rtment of Environmental Engineering. (CRYSTAL RIVER)
- 2. On September 11,1972, the AEC issued The Benthic Marine Ecology Program at Crystal its Draft Environmental Impact Statement on River is now entering its second year. A com-
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1 7 l plete report of results to date will be included preliminary conclu ions about the condition of in the April September 1973 issue of the En- , ,,, the benthos in that area. vironmental Status Report. p ; l 2 i ANCLOTE ESTUARINE ECOLOGY STUDY MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM J $2i The Department of Marine Science of the Uni-The University of South Florida, Department of versity of South Florida is continuing its study Marine Science, is continuing to document and of the Anclote estuary and adjacent Gulf of analyze the thermal plume characteristics at Mexico. A summarization of the 1972 Anclote Crystal River. In addition, this year's work will Environmental Project Report is included in ! include an analysis of the source of the cooling Appendix G. I
! j water drawn alonE the intake canal.
FISH ENTRAPMENT STUDY j PRE-OPERATIONAL :
,/ RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY in December,1972, a. new program was initiated at the Ancote Plant site to study the potential j
A. Florida Department of Health and fish entrapment problem resulting from the l Rehabilitative Services intake of cooling water. An attempt will be made The Department of Health and Rehabilitative to find methods of diverting potentially entraped Services is continuing to document the back. fishes as well as to determine the cause of their ground radioactivity around the Crystal River entrapment (whether it is a velocity or behavior-site. Analysis and comparison of radiological related problem). A progress report will be in-data results are presened in Appendix D. cluded in the next issue of the Status Report. B. University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering The Department of Environmental Engineering is continuing its ecological approach to surveil-lance of radioactivity in the vicinity of the Crystal River site. A report of last quarter's activities is presented in Appendix C. ZOOPLANKTON SURVEY The zooplankton study of the University of Florida has submitted its second report. Sam-pling methods have been expanded based on suggestions f rom concerned regulatory agencies. Preliminary zooplankton entrainment results are given in Appendix B. BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM f}Y (WEEDON ISLAND, TAMPA BAY) The first annual report from the University of South Florida's benthic ecology program at Weedon Island is presented in Appendix F. Suf-i ficient data have now been compiled to draw I
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. E k, NO.008 INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL EFFECTS OF POWER PLANT DISCHARGE by K.L. Carder R.H. Klausewitz B.A. Rodgers Kendall L Carder Principal Investigator Ronald H. Klausewitz Research Associate Steven L Palmer Graduate Assistant James Wheaton Graduate Assistant Mack S. Barber Marine Technician Bruce A. Rodgers Student Assistant r
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13 INGLIS RESERVOIR DISCHARGE best in the salt wedge (comparing surface to three foot contours) in the northern part of the The Withlacoochee Bypass discharges from the basin. In the southern part little wedging is in Inglis Reservoir on Lake Rouseau back into the evidence with a basically well mixed water Withlacoochee River and then to the Gulf. The column both in salinity and temperature. This main spillway discharges from inglis Reservoir means that the use of a barotropic dispe'rsion on Lake Rousseau into the Cross Florida Barge model is reasonable away from the fresh water Canal and then to the Gulf. source at high tide under these flow conditions. Figures 5,6,7, and 8 are contours of surface Discharge in Cubic Feet Per Second and three foot temperatures and salinities at l Bypass Main Spillway low water on 8 October. The Withlacoochee October 7,1972 446 680 complex discharge on 8 October was 2% times October 8,1972 292 2,420 its flow on 7 October, and its wedging effect at ! November 4,1972 240 750 low water is apparent in both the salinity and : November 5,1972 240 750 temperature (comparing surface to three foot ' contours) data. This means that the use of a Our appreciation for this data goes to Mr. Mai- barotropic dispersion model in the discharge l colm Johnson, Operations Engineer for South- basin when there is extremely high flow in the l west Florida Water Management Cistrict. Withlacocchee complex will result in significant i Discharge in Cubic Feet Per Second **! "* * *" * * ** ' plex is usually very low compared to that meas-Bypass Main Spillway ured on 8 October, the barotropic flow assump-December 14,1972 472 75 tion for the Crystal River basia is considered December 15,1972 545 75 valid except during the height of the rainy l January 6,1973 671 595 season. i January 7,1973 674 595 The low water plume usually extents directly I March 3,1973 1,600 400 west or west southwest from the discharge spoil ! March 4,1973 1,600 300 bank (Carder et. al.1971b and 1971c), but the surface tempera,ture plume (Figure 5) for 8 Octo-Our appreciation for this data goes to Mr. Angelo ber was driven further to the south by the fresh Tabita, Chief, Project Planning Branch Engi- Withlacoochee water. The three-foot tempera-neering Division, for the Army Corps of Engi- ture and salinity contours are only slightly de-neers, Jacksonville, Florida. flected to the south by Withlacoochee flow from the north, due probably to the barrier to deep STD SURVEY 13 and 14 flow presente1by the east west chain of oyster bars just north of the end of the discharge spoil Salinity and temperature measurements were bank. taken in the discharge basin at the surface and at depths of three feet on 7 and 8 October, 1972. All measurements on 7 October were STD SURVEY 15 taken within an hour of high water and are con- On November 4,1972 the most comprehensive toured on Figures 1*, 2, 3. and 4. The flow STD survey of the Crystal River plant was under-through the Withlacoochee River Cross Florida taken. The survey area included the mouth of Barge Canal complex was extremely high as the Crystal River north to the plant intake spoil, reported above, so fresh water inflow to the the plant discharge area (normally the only area basin from the Northeast represented a signifi- surveyed) and the mouth of the Cross Florida cant source, especially on 8 October at low water. ' The effect of the fresh water is manifest
- Figures are shown on pp.19 through 34.
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14 i Barge Canal /Withlacoochee River. The wind was than the natural flow from the Crystal River. very light from the mthwest and skies were Salinity as low as 3.5 parts per thousand appear clear. Measurements m.e made between 1350 at the mouth of the Barge Canal abruptly con-and 1527. The time of survey with respect to fronting the more saline waters of the Gulf. The tide was just before flood at the mouth of the turbulance of this mixing zone was apparent in Crystal River; just after flood at the plant dis- aerial photographs of the area and was reported charge area; and at mid ebb in the Withlacoo- in a profile of thermo-haline patterns in Data chee River / Barge Canal region. Report No. 7. The results of the survey are shown in Figures 9 through 12. Figure 9 shows surface tempera- STD SURVEY 16 ture. The temperature pattern at the area near the mouth of the Crystal River is as expected On November 5,1972 a nine station ebb tide with shallower inshore waters heated more than STD survey was performed. This particular sur-the deeper waters, the gradient appearing here vey was not however, operated in the area of as a half degree C. per statute mile. The pattern the plume, as were previous surveys, but was . is reversed, however,in the region of the Barge- confined to the area between the Barge Canal Canal /Withlacoochee River complex to the north, and Finger Pass on a general north south tran-The same situation is noted in the three foot sect (Figure 17). Because of the low water levels temperatures (Figure 10). Temperature pattern in this area during ebb tide, a large number of in the area of the plant discL5e shows an un- stations could not have been used without con-usually small flood plume pattern. Plant records siderable consumption of time. Station 1 was show that Unit 2 was down for maintenance and tested at 0815 on November 5,1972 to begin Unit 1 producing an average of 306 gross M.W. the survey while station 9 concluded the survey for a ten hour period prior to the survey. This is at 0845. about one third the loading which we encoun- Surface temperatures (Figure 13) for survey tered in maximum area summer plumes. Com- 16 were consistant with numerous other surveys parison of Figure 9 and 10 for the area around in the area and with data coiiccted by Cornell the plant discharge does show significant layer- Aeronautical Laboratory Inc. Temperatures in-ing in areas close to the end of the discharge creased in both the direction of the thermal canal where it has not been apparent previously. plume and the Barge Canal. In the case of the Since the plant pumps are fixed and were all on, Barge Canal or W:thlacoochee Riverwater having the turbulent mixing from flow should not have a greater temperature, the increase was caused been reduced, it appears that this layering is by solar heating of the water in confined areas. the same es that which occurs at the edge of Three foot temperatures (Figure 14) for sur-a normal size plume but further into shore due vey 16 exemplified characteristics similar to the to the reduced thermal rise. surface temperatures. A minor change, and Figure 11 shows surface salinity and as unusual feature, is the presence of elevated expected, high gradients appear in the areas of temperatures in the west central section of Lut-fresh water outfall at the mouth of the Withla- rell Island. This could possibly be due to solar coochee/ Barge Canal and at the mouth of the heating of benthic sediments. However, in this Crystal River. Comparison of Figure 11 (surface particular case, because of the time the survey salinity) with Figure 12 (three foot salinity) indi- was performed, this is not considered a reason- ' cates that the high degree of salinity layering in able explanation (although it most likely exists). the Withlacoochee/ Barge Canal area is not ap- A second possibility is heating of waters trapped parent at this mouth of the Crystal River. This in the salt marsh, but this too would fall under anomaly along with the thermal anomaly in the the same category as the first possibility. The same area indicated this Barge Canal area to be third possibility to consider is one of organic a fresh water source of greater significance or biological thermal activity in the sediments. l
15 This seems most plausible for the condition CURRENT SURVEY 4 existing in this situation, however, let it be understood that the other two possibilities can A two-unit current survey was begun at 1300 be quite plausible if the tidal conditions and hours on October 7,1972 and was concluded at solar conditions are in proper coordination. 1400 hours on October 8,1972. Unit A was Surface salmities (Figure 15) for survey 16 located 0.25 miles west southwest of Tide appear as they have in other surveys, witt. salin. Gauge Island and is represented in Figure 18 ities decreasing toward the Barge Canal and by a hexagonal dot with A4 beside it. Unit B i increasing towards the thermal plume. The 13 was located 0.50 miles west southwest of Point ! o/oo contour separating the 12 o/oo waters 8 on the discharge spoil, and is also repre-originated from the area between Lutrell Island sented by a hexagonal dot, with B4 beside it. and Captain Joe Island. Three foot salinities (Figure 16) if compared Tide Data to the temperature can be seen to coincide with (Tide Tables,1972, U.S. Dept. of Comm.) respect to the pattern of the contours. This is October 7,1972 EDT 0207 3.8 caused by the evaporation of the water, produc. 0924 0.1 ing increased salinities in the areas of west 1504 3.8 central Lutrell Island and entrance to the Barge 2133 1.4 1 Canal. These results precipitated new territories October 8,1972 EDT 0227 3.8 for additional studies which are presently under- 0953 0.0
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l way. 1537 3.7 ! 2217 1.7 BATHYMETRIC AND BASE MAP REVISION Ebb flow at A4 was toward the south to the southwest and reached peak velocities approxi-The bathymetric map of the discharge basin at mately half way through the tidal change (Figure Crystal River displayed in the Semi Annual Re. 20). Flood tide flow varied from east to north-port (Flgure 19) is an overlay of the two maps east with peak velocities being obtained in the previously published in Quarterly Reports April. early part of the flood phase. An ebb tide to June 1971 and July December 1971. Minor flood tide change usually produced no period changes were made in the bathymetry of the of slack water (0.0 cm/sec). However, slack northern section of the basin. Measurements water did appear on the flood tide to ebb tide for this area were obtained by general field exchange. This suggests that water flowing south observation in the area, and information obtained from the Withlacoochee River Barge Canal com-from aerial photographs. The contours in some plex during ebb continues flowing at low water, locations are interpetive and therefore are not changing its direction from south to east to totally accurate, however as more data is ob. northeast as the incoming flood tide begins to tained, corrections will be made, arrive. This river flow then probably subsides, The base map for the Crystal River.Withla. being overpowered by the flood tidal currents. coochee River area was revised and corrected Ebb flow at B4 was generally to the west in accordance to material collected from the southwest and reached maximum velocity half recent aerial photographs taken September 8, way through the ebb phase (Figure 20). Flood 1972 (Quarterly Report July September 1972). tide flow was not well defined, ranging from These base maps were used in STD Survey #15 south to northeast. Maximum velocities were found in this report. noted early in the first half of the flood phase, with numerous fluctuations in velocity due prob-ably to the presence of large eddies. Slack water (0.0 cm/sec) at B4, appeared 30 minutes
16 to 50 minutes after the predicted high tide at At AF ~ tidal flow was generally towards the the Wiihlacoochee River entrance (U.S. Dept. of nor' . with a maximum velocity being ob-Comm., Tide Tables,1972). The ebb to flood taineo early in the second half of the flood phase current exchange produced a slack water which (Figure 21). Ebb tidal flow was westward with fell 30 minutes to 60 minutes before the pre- the maximum velocity appearing late in the first dicted low tide. half of the ebb phase. Slack water (0.0 cm/sec) Unit A demonstrated patterns seen in pre- at A5 corresponds exactly with low water, and vious current surveys when the meters were there are nearly slack conditions at high water. placed in the basin west of Lutrell Island. In However, a slack condition also exists at 0400 this zone strong ebb flows exists, while flood on 5 November, which is centered between high currents are often weak or erratic in direction. and low water. This may have resulted from Unit B revealed an expected west southwest blockage of flow except near high water by the ebb tidal flow. Flood tide was possibly disrupted oyster bar string east of AS. This would stop due to reflection and refraction of the tidal wave the westward ebb flow over these bars once the once it was bound on three sides by the spoil tidal height was lowered sufficiently, forcing islands, dikes, and oyster bars. Also flows from water to skirt the bars, entering the mini. basin the Barge Canal and the power plant oppose the occupied by A5 either from the north or the incoming tide, making eddy formation quite south. Figure 21 (0600 hours) indicates that likely. This disruption would be less likely to this flow is predominantly from tce northeast, appear during ebb tide because of the wave which suggests that there may Fave been an being damped by the coastline during slack increased flow from the Barge Canal due to an water and due to the similar directionality of increased flux at the Ingl!s locks. Such hourly the ebb tidal current, freshwater run off (Barge information is not gene ally available, unfor-Canal), and power plant discharge which occurs tunately, as only records of maximum and mini- , in the area of B4 during ebb tide. mum daily flow rates are now being received. Flood tidal flow at E5 was generally in a CURRENT SURVEY 5 northeast to east northeast direction with a maximum velocity being reached half way On November 4,1972, a cu rent survey com- through the flood phase (Figure 21). Ebb tidal menced at 1800 hours and was concluded at flow began moving north and had switched to
, 100 hours on November 5,1972. Four current the west half way into the tidal exchange. Flow meters were used in the survey; however, only fluctuated with respect to velocity, and no large two were functional. Unit A was located 0.6 flow rates were recorded. Slack water from flood miles south southeast of spoil island Number 3; to ebb tide did not occur, but was present from it is represented on Figure 18 by a hexagonal ebb to flood tide 15 minutes before the tide dot with A5 beside it. Unit E was located 0.5 record predicted stack water.
miles southwest of Point B and is represented Unit A " tide waters" moved unobstructed by hexagonal dot with E5 beside it (Figure 18). in the area of the current meter and although Two tide gauges were used to record the the direction was well defined with respect to times of high and low water, and both were the tide, the velocity was not as relative. This located at Tide Gauge Island. 0.3 miles north- was probably induced by the current meter west of Drum Island and 0.2 miles southwest of being located to the west, and the tide gauges to Lutrell Island. The results (Figure 24) are the east, of the extremely dense north south summarized below: oyster bar. Because of the entire basin filling in sections, the velocity at current meter A would November 4,1972 Low Water 1900 hours drop to zero long before the tidal peak would l November 5,1972 High Water 0045 hours be reacherf at the tide recording station. Low Water 0800 hours Unit E during flood tide indicated that the l I
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17 majority of the water passing its location was units placed in the area between Lutrell Island moving towards the area between the two spoil and the north south oyster bars to the west, dikes. Ebb tide water is pulled somewhat north- southern flow with increased velocities during ward before turning west. This is caused by the ebb tide, and a weaker flow of water during northern section of the basin emptying prior to flood tide. The easterly direction of flood tide the southern section. Further support for this flow does indicate that some of the water is is evidenced by Wrong Way Gap at point C on being introduced into the basin by way of the the intake, which flows north on ebb tide and north south bars, despite the density of oyster south on flood tide. growth. The velocities of current flow for unit B , CURRENT SURVEY 6 indicate that a slackening of flow does occur i one hour after the ebb tide trough has passed. l On December 14,1972 a two unit current survey This situation would exist for the beginning of ) was begun at 1430 hours, and concluded on flood but not ebb because of the hydrostatic ; December 15,1972 at 1300 hours. Unit A was head being built up in the Barge Canal during l located 0.4 miles south southeast of spoilisland flood tide and high water. The head would cause l Number 2 and is represented as a hexagonal an immediate reversal in direction (flood to ebb) dot with A6 beside it (Figure 18). Ur, B was with no or minor slackening of water velocity. located in the Barge Canal 30 yards north of Burtine Island and is represented by a hexag OYSTER ANALYSIS onal dot with B6 beside it. Tide records were obtained from a tide re- Upon conclusion of the November 5,1972, corder located at Tide Gauge Island. A graphic survey oyster clumps were obtained from oyster l conception of the tidal wave can be seen in bars from within the influence of the plume and Figure 25, and a written report follows here, from the mouth of the Crystal River. These ) December 14,1972 clumps were returned to the laboratory in St. l High Water 1935 December 15,1972 Petersburg for examination by H.J. Humm, Low Water 0300 director of the Marme Science Department, Uni-High Water 0920 versity of South Florida. The following informa-Unit A illustrated very weak currents in an tion is from his letter dated November 24,1972. I easterly direction during flood tide, but increas- l ing velocities in a southerly direction, during November 24,1972 the late stages of ebb tide (Figure 22). Slack I have examined clumps of oysters, both living water (0.0 cm/sec) at the unit A location was and dead, from the area of the plume at Crystal not well defined for flood to ebb tide. An ac. River and an area outside the plume. curate conclusion for ebb to flood tide can not Macroscopically, oysters from the two areas be drawn because only one ebb tide trough look almost identi. cal with reference to blue-was recorded. green and other algae except that those from Current flow at the Unit B location was to +he plume had a slightly greene.- t'nge. Mbo. the northeast and southwest for flood and ebb scopically, this tinge was obviously caused by tide respectively. Velocities remained between the bluegreen alga, Entophysalis deusta Drouet 10 and 15cm/sec except during the time period and Daily. , when the tide was changing. Slack water (0.0 E. deusta was present on oysters from both l cm/sec) did not exist in the Barge Canal at this areas, but somewhat more abundant on the i location, however a s!owing of flow did occur shells of those from the plume area.This species l at 0400, one hour after the tide changed from is a coccoid bluegreen that occurs on shells and i ebb to flood (Figure 22), stones and also penetrates limestone, including l Unit A operated the same as all the other oyster shells. Inside the shell or limestone, it i
la assumes a pseudo filamentous morphology. It BARGE CANAL PROFILE has never shown to be harmful to oysters. Several other species of bluegreens in small During STD Survey 15 on November 4,1972 an quantity were found about equally on the shells ebb tide profile for temperature and salinity was from both areas: Schizothrix calcicola (C. Agadh) made for the Cross Florida Barge Canal. Four Gomont, Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kutzing) stations were made between the hours of 1510 Crouan, and Oscillatoria lutea C. Agardh. EST and 1527 EST. Stations originated at the Other species were probably present in entrance to the Barge Canal and terminated small quantities, especially penetrating the between spoil island number 3 and Deadmans shells. Most oyster shells along the Florida Guit Key (Figure 23). coast have several species of bluegreen and Tide Data November 4,1972 green algae penetrating the shell surface. Ap-parently none of these is harmful to the oysters. 0732 -0.1 feet 1323 3.5 feet H.J. Humm 1938 1.6 feet infrared aerial photographs revealed the oysters The profile for the Cross Florida Barge Canal in the area of the plume as having a red or was taken approximately two hours into ebb pinkish coloration, while those outside of the tide and a good representation of an ebb tide plume at the Crystal River entrance appeared was obtained. The temperature in the canal white. It is concluded from the above informa. ranged from 25.3*C to 26.4*C and had little tion and from general observations in the field effect on the density of the water. The salinity that the oysters outside of the plume photo. however showed a wedging effect, with the graphed white in color because of 1) the smaller Withlacoochee River water (from the Barge quantity of the bluegreen alga Enfophysalis Canal), over riding the more saline water from deusta Drouet and Daily on the oyster shells, the Gulf as it moves westward in the canal. The
- 2) a large quantity of dead oysters and shells salinities in the Sarge Canal ranged from 3.2 were found on the bars in the Crystal River o/oo to 24.2 o/oo and ihe discharge through entrance.- the Inglis lock was '240 cfs.
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A SUPPLEMENTARY d Y s)b - d'bU] s
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SURVEY AT THE CRYSTAL RIVER PLANT SITE Semi Annual Report July December 1972 University of Florida Department of Zoology Principal Investigator Dr. Frank J.S. Maturo, Jr. Graduate Assistants John Caldwell Buckley Parnell Raymond Alden Undergraduate Assistant James indianos
37 INTRODUCTION origin, and during ebb it contains only 10% more water of river origin." He states that This project was initiated to: 1) determine the water of Area 1 is retarded in its access to the presence of a major food chain species and the plant intake channel by high (shoal water) fric-planktonic forms ~of commercially important tion and cyster reef barricades. finfish and shellfish in the area adjacent to the Station 1 is located inshore south of the Crystal River plant site: 2) qualitatively and intake canal. The station is within 25 yards of quantitatively assess the occurrence of these the coastal marsh, the depth being 2 ft. at organisms within the intake area of Units 1 and MLW. The bottom substrates in this area con-2 as a means of evaluating the entrainment sist of attached Sargassum and sandy patches potential of these organisms. Additional goals between limestone outcrops. The salinity is no-involvo evaluating differences in the seasonal ticeably influenced by the fresh water drainage and horizontal distribution of important plank- from the Crystal River and adjacent marshes. tonic groups in the area. This information will (Figure 2). be useful in ident ying which of the areas adja- Station 2 is also south of the intake canal cent to the intake have the more important nur- and is located midway between Station 1 and sery function and when, and, together with data the canal opening, a distance of 1.2 nautical from hydrographic studies underway at Crystal miles offshore. The substrate in this area is River, will a' low some evaluation of the effect of sand and shell between prominent oyster bars. the intake canal design on these areas. The depth is 4 ft. at MLW. The salinity is con-The intake canal and its adjacent areas sistently higher than that at Station 1. are shown in Figure 1.* We have selected five Station 3 is southwest of the intake canal stations to monitor. Stations 1, 2, 3, and 5 opening in an area which is considered to be were established as a result of a preliminary part of the source of the entrained water. The survey made shortly after project funding in depth is 7 ft. at MLW; the substrate is hard ! mid July,1972. We presumed the water en- sand. The salinity is slightly but consistently trained in the intake canal was drawn primarily higher than Station 2. from the shallow waters immediately south of Station 4, six miles offshore, is located be- l the southern dike of the canal (Area 1) and from yond the end of the unbroken northern side of ! the somewhat deeper waters west of this area the intake canal. The depth is 9 ft. at MLW. The 1 but in the immediate vicinity of the canal mcuth substrate appears to be hard sand. Preliminary (part of Area 2.) Area 1 includes a large shallow data indicate the relinity is equal to or slightly area containing numerous oyster bars running higher than Station 3. roughly parallel to the shore, its we, stern bound- Station 5 is located just in front of the in-ary being the last Gulf ward string of these bars. take screens of Units 1 and 2. The depth is 15 Area 2 includes all of the watt:r from the west ft. at MLW. The substrate appears to be a fine boundary of Area 1 to an imaginary line drawn coal dust sediment. The salinity is essentially south from the physical end of the north in- the same as that at Station 3.
)
take spoil bank and bounded on the north by the north bank. Station 4 was added in January, 1973 after information from very preliminary EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES ] hydrographic studies by Cr. K. Carder (Tech- The sampling program was begun July 24, l nical Report #2, January 1973) indicated that 1972, and continues at biweekly intervals. Ini-entrained water is drawn mostly from Areas 2 tially,10-minute plankton tows were made us-and 3 (the area west of Area 2 and otherwise ing 50 cm. dia, nets with 202 micron and 80 unbounded into the Gulf of Mexico). According micron mesh. Because of the high level of sus-to Carder, his data "...suggest that during flood [ tide]lhe intake water is primarily of gulf shelf Vigures and Tables are shown on pp. 41 through 44. 4 9 e
?
38 pended matter, the nets clogged quickly and recommended by Reeve,1970, in his Turkey prevented accu. ate metering of the water col- Point survey). One half of the total sample is umn sampled. After several trials, the best tow separated in a sieve series with standard mesh duration was found to be 1 minute (which sam- sizes of Nos. 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120. Five 7 pies approximately 12000 liters of water). Use mi aliquots are removed from each mesh size of the 80 micron mesh net was discontinued screen for qualitative and quantitative deter-because of the clogging effect of the suspended minations of organisms. Total counts of fish matter, larvae and eggs are planned from all samples, The sampling regime established for each including both net sizes. station consists of two 1 minute horizontal sur. Qualitative determinations are made by use face tows at biweekly intervals. Samples are of the following categories: preserved in buffered formalin and returned to Copepods: the laboratory. Calanoid Our present sampling nets are not collect- Harpacticoid ing fish eggs and larvae in proportion to the Cyclopoid j numbers thought to be present by fisheries ex- Mollusc veligers: perts. So in addition to sampling with our regu- gastropods l lar nets, we are going to try using larger (1 m bivalves, including Oyster (Crassostrea) l dia.) and longer (5:1) nets recommended by Barnacle larvae these people alt'nough we have some reserva- Shrimps tions about the pradicality of such nets in the Penaeus Crystal River area. Hazardous oyster bars, shal- others (myids, etc.) low water, and blooms of algae and ctenophores Crab larvae i can clog nets rapidly and make it nearly impos- stone crab (Menippe)-like I sible to recover a useful sample. There are no blue crab (CaIIinectes)-like devices known to us which can deter eteno- others phore capture. We will try to develop sorting Lobster larvae procedures similar to those used by Chesapeake Other Crustaceans Bay investigators who face similar but not as (subdivided,if found pertinent) severe ctenophore problems. The larger nets Polychaetes (1 meter dia.) will be tried on a monthly basis Echinoderms with a tow time between 5 to 10 minutes as Chaetognaths recommended. These nets are too large for our Tunicates inshore stations (1 and 2), therefore we will Medusae (including siphonophores) employ them at our station 3 (off mouth of in- Miscellaneous invertebrates take canal), station 4 (6 miles offshore) and Eggs station 5 (plant site intake). The nets are now Fish eggs on order and should be available for use in two Fish larvae
- months. Quantitative determinations include
- 1) total Temperature and salinity data are recorded numbers of each zooplankton category per unit for each station sample. volume, and 2) approximations of dry weight i The following procedures are employed for biomass of each zooplankton category per unit examination of each sample. The two 50 cm net volume. Blomass determinations are made samples from each station are pooled prior to based on the sieve separation scheme. We be-splitting. The pooling of samples is considered lieve this method provides a more accurate es-l appropriate in order to get a more "representa- timation than the traditional procedures. This
! tive" sa:mple because of the inherent patchi- gravimetric procedure, devised by Mr. Clay ness of phnkton distribution (a procedure Adams (Masters Thesis, UF 1972), involves me-
39 4 thanically separating zooplankton using a set in our samples are most likely not of Penaeus of paleontological sieves; making a random duorarum, the commercial pink shrimp, but sample of the individual fractions; determining probably Trachypeneus which is known to have the per cent composition of each fraction by a late summer peak. The greatest numbers of recording counts per zooplankton type divided larvae per cubic meter were taken at Station 2. by the total count of all zooplankton in the frac- Shown in Figure 4 is the number of stone tion sample; vacuum filtering each sieve frac- crab-like larvae taken per cubic meter. Samples tion onto a preweighed Whatman No. 42 filter from the stations in Area 1 contained greater disc; oven drying loaded discs and weighing numbers than the ones from more offshore each to determine the dry weight of fraction; areas. Numbers of these larvae at the intake and finally compiling the weights and percent- site generally are lower than at all other stations. ages of the several sieve fractions to determine Figure 5 shows the number of blue crab like j the dry weight percentage composition of the larvae taken per cubic meter. The blue crab l zooplankton types. Dry weight approximations, zoea appear to be widely distributed among the if converted to calories, can be used for future three sample areas. Station 2 provided the , systt.ms analyses as proposed by Odum and largest numbers. l . Snedaker in another FPC contract. Figure 6 shows the number of bivalve veli-The sieve separation facilitates counting gets taken per cubic meter. The summer peak procedures because it sorts organisms to size of bivalve veliger production most likely has a and reduces the number of species per sample. high percentage of oyster larvae. with the great-The data have been programmed for com- est nuraber being taken at Station 2, among the puter analysis. The computer output includes: oyster bars. Entrained water at Station 5 has a
- 1) total number of zooplankters/m3; 2) numbers much lower number of these larvae, and has of different kinds of zooplankters/m3; 3) num- generally fewer than all other stations.
bers of zooplankters of a specific size range / After analysis of our aliquot sampling for m3; 4) % composition of each animal type in fish eggs and fish larvae, we decided to make the plankton community; 5) % composition of whole counts of the reserve samples in order each animal type in a specific size range; 6) to get better estimates of these components. So total zooplankton biomass /m3; 7) biomass of far we have only been able to process two each animal category /m3; 8) biomass of a spe- months of samples. The results are shown in cific size range of zooplankters/m3; 9) weight Tables 1 and 2. These figures are less than in pounds and grams of zooplankton that are those found by Hopkins (1966) for St. Andrew entrained by the plant at the intake site for the 3ay, but approximate those found by Reeve present operation (Units 1 & 2); and 10) pro- (1970) for Biscayne Bay. We hope that our new jected entrainment potential for future operation program utilizing 1 meter nets will improve our (Units I,2, & 3). Output on numbers 9 and 10 sample estimates. above is in 3 time units; per minute, per hour Because calanoid copepods make up the and per day, most abundant zooplankton category, we have shown the numbers per cubic meter at each RESUL.TS AND DISCUSSION station in Figure 7. There is an October Novem-ber peak which follows reports from other in-Figuro 3 shows the number of penaeid shrimp vestigators (Reeve,1970). The graph is difficult larvae taken per cubic meter. A peak abundance to interpret and probably reflects the inherent for the second half of the year appears in late patchiness of holopiankton distribution. , August throu'gh early September. We have not Figure 8 shows the total biomass in milli-identified the species composition of these lar- grams per cubic meter. It appears that when vae, but data on shrimp reproduction reported total numbers increase, biomass decreases. Our by Eldred et al. (1965) suggest that the larvae data indicate that when total numbers are high, 1
40-the individuals making up the sample are diella chrysura), and spotted sea trout (Cynos-smaller than at other times. At present we do clon nebulosus) of the estuarine zone near Crys-not see much difference in between the biomass tal River, Florida. Unpublished Masters Thesis, entrained at Station 5 and that of the other Graduate School, University of Florida. stations. We have taken our biomass data for Station Carder, K.L., Klausewitz, R.H., and B.A. Rodgers. 5 (at the power plant condenser intake) and 1973. Preliminary data on the nature of flow in calculated the entrained biomass in pounds per the area of the intake channel of the Crystal day for both current (Units 1 and 2) and pro. River Power Plant. Technical Report No. 2 on jected operations (Units 1,2, and 3) in Figure Independent environmental Study of Thermal
- 9. The peak dry weight biomass entrainment Effects of Power Plant Discharge, Florida Power under current operation is estimated to be ap- Corporation.
proximately 628 lbs. per day. This amount pro-jected to include the operation of Unit 3 would Eldred, B., Williams, J., Martin, G.T., and E.A. be a dry weight biomass of approximately 1316 Joyce, Jr.1965. Seasonal distribution of pen-Ibs. per day. If one assumes organisms are at acid larvae and postlarvae of the Tampa Bay least 80% water, we arrive at a wet weight area, Florida. Fla. Bd. Conserv., Tech. Ser. No. projection of 6580 lbs. of plankton (202 y+) 44. 47 pp. consumed per day. We will not determine aver-age entrainment until we sample a one year Hopkins, T.L.1966. The plankton of the St. period. Andrew Bay system, Florida. Publ. Inst. Mar. The dry weight biomass figures we have Sci., Texas 11:12 64. obtained so far are slightly higher than those obtained by Hopkins (1966) for St. Andrew Bay Reeve, M.R.1970. Seasonal changes in the and a little lower than those of Woodmansee zooplankton of south Biscayne Bay and some (1958) for Biscayne Bay. A comparison is shown problems of assessing the effects on the zoo. in Table 3. plankton of natural and artificial thermal and other fluctuations. Bull. Mar. Sci. 20 (4): 894-921. Literature Cited Woodmansee, R.A.1958. The seasonal distribu-Adams, C.A.1972. Food habits of juvenile pin- tion of the zooplankton of Chicken Key in Bis-fish (lagodon rhominides), silver n.i-b (BaIr- cayne Bay, Florida. Ecology 39 (2):247 262. l l
41 Table 1. Numbers of fish eggs per cubic meter. These are derived from whole counts of fish eggs from % of total sample. Stations Dates 1 2 3 5 7/24/72 - 0.54 0.52 3.61 8/18/72 0.20 0 0.53 0 Table 2. Numbers of fish larvae per cubic meter based on whole counts from % of total sample. Stations Dates 1 2 3 5 7/24/72 - 0.33 0.39 0.02 8/18/72 8.46 4.12 1.60 0 Table 3. A comparison of zooplankton standing crop at Crystal River Plant site with abundance in other estuarine waters of Florida. Dry wt. Net Area Source #m3 (mg/m3) Mesh St. Andrew Bay Hopkins.1966 40,100 33.1 #10 Biscayne Bay Woodmansee,1958 .... 53.4 #6 Crystal River (sta.1) 10,222 45.4 #8 (sta. 2) 11,937 47.4 (sta. 3) 17,711 50.8 (sta. 5) 8.455 35.6
42 00 " , C.5 o C I p /* @ f p ,
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Figure 1. Sampling station locations. 28
- sSTATION I 26 e= STATION 2 N Y* STATION 3 24
\ J.= ST ATION 4 O= STATION S 20 h to /
>66 E 44 .
12-- 10 - 8 - 6-4- 2-> a A l JUL ' AUG ' SE PT ' OCT ' NCV 'DEC' JAN ' FE8' MAR' Figure 2. Salinity (o/oo) at the station sites.
43 g (4,665) 20 - 14 ' 26 13 34 . PENAE10 SHRlWP 2 12 . STONE CRA8-UNE LARVAE . 0
*
- STATION 1 20 $* STATION 2 10 18 -
*
- STATION 3 9 16 *
- STATION S g .
2 g4 , b 7 h12 6-- 10 ,, S -- 3 ga g 4-- ; g 33 46-. 4
*2 JUL AUG SEPT OCT NCY DEC JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV OEC i
Figure 3. Number of penacid shrimp larvae Figure 4. Number of stone crab-like larvae per cubic meter at each station. per cubic meter at each station. , l 1 l 1 l 14-2e - 13 26 - 8tVALVE VEUGERS l g 42 SLUE CRAB-UKE LARWE 24 o s i-- 22 - 10 to
,, 2 ,.
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4' e g3 - 6 2 4 l- 2 mA A N ^ JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Figure 5. Number of blue crab like larvae Figure 6. Number of bivalve veligers per cubic meter at eacn station. per cubic meter at each station.
44 (32,276) &-$ (32)22) 28 I \ CALANOID COPEPOOS 26 . G 24 , 12 0 -
** STATION I ~ 110 TOTAL BIOMASS k22 9= STATION 2 10 0- "f 20, *= STATION 3 g 80'
- 18 v. STATION S i6-- 31 go.
{14-- f5 TO-. 60-, g12 . 10--
- S0--
8- 40 - 6 - 30-4- h 20-2 . 10 - JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV OEC JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Figure 7. Number of catanoid copepods Figure 8. Total biomass in milligrams per cubic meter at each station. per cubic meter for all stations
- 14. ENTRAINMENT (STATION S
** UNITS 1,2
$13" I l2<- S*tMTS 1,2,3 a
1.. Er-g6" 2S~ 54 . 2-, I., JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Figure 9. Current and projected biomass entrainment at Station 5. Units are in hundreds of pounds per day.
45 a I b ' iO bdr ' Ds Ikds / %#
46 m
. 1 I ,a SURVEILLANCE FOR RADIOACTIVITY IN THE VICINITY OF THE CRYSTAL RIVER NUCLEAR POWER PLANT:
AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering Principal Investigator Dr. W. Emmett Bolch Co investigators Dr. William E. Carr Dr. M. J. Ohanian Dr. Charles E. Roessler Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker Project Manager Joseph C. Lochamy Graduate Assistants Jerome Guidry Donald Young Laboratory Staff Effie Galbraith Roger King Charles Bilgere
47 INTRODUCTION marshland, and the terrestrial for the purpose of allocating responsibilities. Emphasis was Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant placed upon understanding these systems before Crystal River Unit 3 (nuclear) is the third unit setting up the sampling matrix and schedules. of a three-unit power generating complex lo- in this regard a number of studies of these eco-cated on the gulf coast of Citrus County, Florida systems were undertaken as supportive of the about midway between the mouths of the With- effort in surveillance for radioactivity. In addi-lacoochee and Crystal Rivers. Units 1 and 2 are tion, a number of students, sLpported primarily oil fired plants,387 and 510 MWe respectively. by other means, have found the contract work Crystal River Unit 3 (855 MWe) is immediately at Crystal River an important resource and/or a east of the fossil units and will utilize the same practical application of their research and devel-gulf water cooling canals to dissipate excess opment. This has led to " spin off" projects heat. Intake water is delivered through a 3 mile important both to the Florida Power Corpora-intake canal and is discharged into another 1% tion and to the university's graduate teaching mile discharge canal just to the north of the program. intake. Final release of low level radioactive. The contract is now in the third year. Most wastes is into the cooling water flow and the of the data and presentations in this report will material enters the general environment via the present the activities and data accomplished discharge canal. Airborne releases will generally through about January 1,1973. A detailed sum-occur in either an offshore west southwest direc- mary of the status of completion of objectives tion, or an on shore east northeast direction. at the beginning of this contract year was given The major sections of the unit have been con- in the previous Environmental Status Report. structed; however, the current schedule con-siders the operational date to be in December, Status of Completion of Objectives 1974. During the current contract year (August 1972-July 1973), all phases of the studies for pre-Brief Description of the Project operational levels of radioactivity were to have This contract began in August of 1970 with a cor.1pleted two years of intensive investigation. team of seven faculty members representing the The following review will list the completion of departments of Environmental Engmeering, Zo- these goals as well as present the status of the ology, Nuclear Engineering, Radiation Biophys- other specific objectives. Ics, and Aquatic Sciences and sir graduate students. The basic theme of the wntract was (1) Gather baseline pre-operational levels of to recognize that there were numerous and radioactivity: complex pathways by which radionuclides may (a) marine: two years intensive sampling was cause e.:posure to plant life, animals and man, completed in October,1972.
. and 'to design the study with due regard to (b) marshland: two years intensive sampling ecological principles. The specific objectives was completed in October,1972, have been outlined in an earlier environmental (c) terrestrial: a rather large scale sampling status report; briefly, however, they included expedition is planned for early spring.
baseline radioactivity measurements, pathway After this, the program will have suffi-identification and description, method and pro- cient data to consider this phase com-cedure development, data analysis, public rela- plete. tions and training.'In later contracts, model pre- (d) freshwater: two sampling expeditions dictions of dose to man was added as a specific conducted in 1971 and 1972 will satisfy objective. _ the two year intensive period on this The ecology of the area was divided into ecosystem. three principal ecosystems, the marine, the (e) physical networks: the four physical net-i
48 works (air particulate, total deposition, port will deal with accomplishments during TLD, and tritium) will be continued as the first half of the current contract year. long as the contract is in force. Most will soon have recorded a minimum of BASELINE BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS two years of data: air particulate: 5/71 to 5/73 Marine and Marshland Ecosystems total deposition: 10/71 to 10/73 Gamma analysis of offshore and marshland thermoluminescent dosimeters: samples was begun over two years ago in order 9/72 to 9/74 to establish baselines for the uptake and trans-tritium: 5/71 to 5/73 port of water borne radionuclides in the Crystal (2) Obtain ecosystem pathway information: River ecosystems. Areas A, B, and C in Figure (a) marine and marshland: except for co- 1* have been submitted to intensive sampling, operation with the thermal effects pro- area A being the control, and areas B and C gram of Drs. Odum and Snedaker, no being in the discharge flow area. major effort is planned in this area. Any The second year of intensive sampling in additional investig.tions will be dictated these areas was completed in 1972. Data for by the dose modelling program. the first year i; given in the January-June 1972, (b) terrestrial: a major field expedition is Environmental Status Report. All gamma scans planned for this spring. The information for the second year are completed and are cur-on the terrestrial ecosystem remains at rently being quantified by computer techniques. the status of approximately seventy five The results will be published in a subsequent percent complete. report. (3) procedures and methods: the methodology and analytical procedures for all the basic Cedar Key Sampling Expedition sampling programs and laboratory deter- Cedar Key is a fishing community located about minations have been developed and tested. 20 miles northwest of the Crystal River site. Efforts in this area are directed toward inno- Twenty-seven marine samples including water, vations adapting new technology and im- sediment, submerged vegetation, fish and shell-proving the efficiency of operations. fish were collected at Cedar Key between July (4) data organization: this current report sum- 30 and August 6,1971. Samples were gathered marizes a considerable bulk of the available from this location and gamma analyzed in order data and efforts can now be turned to de- to broaden the scope of the present study since tailed analysis of trends. water borne radioactive wastes from Unit 3 are (5) public relations: a summary of the reports, expected to be dispersed in the direction of papers and presentations resulting from the Cedar Key. contract is included in this report. All data Table 1 gives the results of the Cedar Key and reports have been made generally avail- gamma scans. The samples typically contain able to the public as well as the scientific Ra-226 Th-232, Zr 95, and Ru 106. The potas-community. slum content is reported as total potassium per (6) training and experience to FPC personnel: kilogram of sample. The values may be con-as discussed in (3) above, many of the pro- verted to pCi of K 40 per kilogram of sample by cedures are now sufficiently routine that multiplying grams of potassium by 830.t detailed operation manuals can be written. Copies of these manuals will be provided Terrestrial Ecosystems ; to FPC. Terrestrial radionuclide baselines are also being (7) dose to man: planning for major emphasis
- Figures and Tables are shown on pp. 59 through 75.
j in the area of mathematical predictions of tConversion factor given in Jan. March,1971, Environ-dose to man has been undertaken. This re- mental Status Report is in error. l l l l 1 l \ L l 1
49 ' determined at Crystal River since cross transport and Procedures. of radioactive materials may reasonably be ex-pected throughout the marine /marshland/ter. Total Deposition Sampling restrial ecosystems. Total deposition is defined here as all materials The terrestrial areas indicated in Figure 1 which may be deposited onto a specific hori-were sampled during the fall, winter and spring zontal area (e.g. precipitation, dust, dirt, fallout, quarters of 1970 71. No distinction was made ash, and organic materials). The January June, between different sampling areas. Some of the 1972, Environmental Status Report contains a terrestrial data is reported in the April June, description of the total deposition sampler. 1971, Environmental Status Report.The remain- Total deposition sampling began in August, ing 1970 71 data is given in Table 2. These 1971, and will continue at least through August, samples typically contain nanocurie quantities 1973. A summary of all deposition sampling of Ra 226 and Cs-137 with lesser amounts of through 1972 is given in Table 5. The date is Th 232, Zr 95, Ru 106, and occasionally others. reported in pCi/m2. days. Generally, small quan-tities of the entire eleven nuclide matrix are Fresh Water Ecosystems present in total deposition. Note the increase in The relationship between the Crystal River site the number of nuclides detected resulting from and the Withlacoochee and Crystal Rivers is the use of the least squares program beginning illustrated in Figure 1. These two rivers repre- with sample number B235G. sent the fresh water environmer.t in the area See Methods and Procedures for a descrip-under consideration. The possibility of radio- tion of deposition analysis procedures, active mate.ials being introduced into these rivers is considered since both rivers are used External Gamma Background for public recreation and also contain many Background gamma radiation, caused by a com-organisms common to the marine environment. bination of cosmic and terrestrial sources, is A number of samples taken in December monitored on and near the Crystal River site by and February, 1970 71, are reported in the thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD). Exposures April June,1971. Environmental Status Report. are integrated for approximately one month and Those collected in March, April, and August, normalized to 30 days. Station locations are 1971, are reported here in l'able 3. The samples illustrated in Figure 1. often contained nanocurie quantities of Ra 226 Table 6 shews tha measured mR values for and lesser amounts of Cs 137 and Th 232. the last half of 1972 and the first quarter of Small concentrations of Ru 106 and Zr 95 are 1973. Further TLD information is given under , also present. Methods and Procedures in this report. l BASELINE PHYSICAL NETWORKS Tritium Network Tritium determinations for the fall quarter, , Air Particulate Sampling 1972, are shown in Table 7. Values are reported j Two air particulate samplers have been in opera- in picoeuries per milliliter plus or minus one l tion near the Crystal River site since mid 1971 sample standard deviation. Site locations are (see figure 1 for locations). Table 4 is a com- the same as reported in the January March, pilation of all the air sampling data taken from 1971, Environmental Status Report w.'th the l 1971 through 1972. In general, about 2000 m3 exception of site No.15. This new site is on the of air is sampled per week at each station. The end of the north bank of the intake canal. Site samples, reported in pCi/1000 m3, contain locations are also shown in Figure 1 See Meth-highly variable quantities of Ra 226, Zr.95, Ru- ods and Procedures elsewhere in this report far 106, Ba 140 and others. Procedures for air par- more information on tritium analysis. ticulate analysis are discussed under Methods (continueo 4 waaT m--- s-
50 . ECOSYSTEM PATHWAY INFORMATION point of view of both volume and quality. Quantitative gravimetric analyses of stomach The ecosystems of the areas around the Crystal contents were carried out on juveniles of 20 River site have been described in numerous species of fishes (and adults of one species) publications including the Environmental Status that cohabit seagrass beds near Crystal River, Reports, the Applicants' Environmental Report, Florida. Our analyses are based on dry weights the Draft Environmental Statement, contract of food items and are expressed as per cent of progress reports, and copies of professional total stomach contents. The species analyzed papers, theses and dissertations forwarded to were Harengula pensacolae (Scaled Sardine), Florida Power Corporation. This contract has Opisthonema oglinum (Atlantic Thread Herring), substantially supported basic peripherel re. Anchoa hepsetus (Striped Anchovey), Anchoa search of the graduate students preforming the mitchilli (Bay Anchovey), Synodus foetens (In-routine baseline sampling for preoperational shore Lizardfish), Strongylura marina (Atlantic levels of radioactivity. A prime example is a Neediefish), Hyporhamphus unitasciatus (Half-study of food habits of juvenile marine fishes by beak), Oligopi!!c: saurus (Leatherjacket), Tra-Mr. Clayton Adams and Dr. William Carr. Two chinotus falcatus (Permit), Eucinostomus gula recent publications by these authors are ab- (Silver Jenny), Haemulor: plumieri (White stracted here: Grunt), Orthopristis chrysoptera (Pigfish), Bair.
" Food habits of Juvenile Marine Fishes: Evi- diella chrysura (Silver Perch), Cynoscion nebu-dence of the Cleaning Habit in the Leatherjacket, losus (Spotted Seatrout), Diplodus holbrook!
Oligoplites Saurus, and the Spottail Pinfish, Di- (Spottail Pinfish), lagodon rhomboides (Pin-plodus Holbrooki" was published in Vol. 70, No. fish), Microgobius gulosus (Clown Goby), Chas-4 of the Fishery Bulletin in 1972. modes saburrae (Florida Blenny), Menidia beryl-Quantitative gravimetric analyses of analy- lina (Tidewater Silverside), Trinectes maculatus ses of stomach contents of juvenile feather- (Hogchoker), Sphoeroides nephelus (Southern jacket, Oligoplites Saurus, and spottail pinfish, Puffer). By analyzing stomach contents taken Diplodus Holbrooki, have revealed that both from small, sequentially-arranged size classes, species pass through a stage in which they clean disuete entogenetic changes in food habits ectoparasites from other fishes. This cleaning were defineated in many of the species. In the stage is most evident in juveniles between 26 15 species in wM S planktivorous feeding s': ges and 40 mm standard length and is far less evi- weredetected,v , zooplankterswereconsumed dent among juveniles of larger or smaller size. in measureable amounts. Juveniles of H. pensa-These findings represent the first report that colae (Scaled Sardine), O. oglinum (Atlantic cleaning is practiced by either species and the Thread Herring), A. hepsetus (Striped Ancho-first quantitative da'a on the significance of the vey), A. mitchilli (Bay Anchovey), and M. beryl-cleaninghabittomembersof the FamilyCarangi- fina (Tidewater Silverside) were almost exclu-dae and Family Sparidae. Neither O. saurus nor sively planktivorous throughout most of the D. holbrookl depend exclusively on cleaning as a available size ranges and exhibited a distinct source of food. Juveniles of O. saurus feed selection for molluscan veliger larvae. Cope-heavily on epiphytic algae, plankton, and en- pods, mysHs, and larval crustaceans were the crusting organisms, Juveniles of both species principal plankters consumed by juveniles of exhibit distinct changes in diet during growth. other species. Only three species, D. holbrooki A second paper, " Food Habits of Juvenile (Spottail Pinfish), L. rhomboides (Pinfish), and Marine Fi:,hes Occupying Seagrass Beds in the H. unifasciatus (Halfbeak), exhibited herbi. Estuarine Zone Near Crystaf River, Florida" has vorous feeding stages. In both D. holbrooki been accepted for publication in the Transac- (Spottail Pinfish) and L. rhomboldes (Pin 9sh), tions of American Fisheries Society this spring. the herbivorous habit began quite early in ju& The publication is quite substantial from the nile development and followed a preliminary
i 1 J 51 l planktivorous stage. Larger specimens of L acute where environmental levels are being rhomboides (Pinfish) became carnivorous, measured. There are two common methods by whereas adults of D. holbrooki(Spottail Pinfish) which spectra may be reduced: the simultaneous (and H. unifasciatus-Halfbeak) were herbivo- equations method and least squares analysis. . rous. Juveniles of eight species exhibited car. Since the simultaneous equations method is
- nivorous feeding stages consuming primarily relatively simple to program, it was originally l benthic invertebrates. Of these species, O. sau- adopted for this research.
rus (Leatherjacket), H. plumieri (White Grunt), Early in 1972 a least squares computer pro-O. chrysopters (Pig'ish), and B. chrysura (Silver gram was obtained from Oak Ridge National Perch) consumed primarily skimp and mysids. Laboratory and modified to conform to the in-i E. gula (Silver Jenny) and T. maculatus (Hog- put/ output formats already in use with the choker) utilized primarily polychaetes, C. sabur- simulations equations program. This least rae (Florida Blenny) consumed primarily amphi- squares program is more versatile than the l pods, and T. falcatus (Permit) consumed mainly simultaneous equations program used formerly. j crabs after utilizing mysids, small shrimp, and The standards library size is simpler to alter; , fishes in earlier feeding stages. In O. saurus statistics appear to be better, and radionuclides ' (Leatherjack), an intermediate stage was ap- present in the sample, but not in the library, are parent in which material obtained from a " clean- indicated as suspicious channels and remain in ing" habit made an important contribution to the residual spectrum after the library standards a the diet. Juveniles of two species L. rhomboides have been stripped out. A plotting subroutine (Pinfish) and C. nebulosus (Spotted Seatrout), was added so that the residual spectrum could , exhibited carnivorous sieges in which both ben- be plotted if desired. ' thic invertebrates and small fishes were impor- At present the least squares program is tant i i the diet. Specimens of S. marina (Atlantic being run with a library of eleven standards: Neediefish) and S. foetens (Inshore Lizardfish) K 40, Ra 226, Th 232, Cs 137, Zr 95, Ru 106, were primarily piscivorous. Detritus was an im- l 131, Ce 144" Zn 65, Mn 54, and Ba 140. portant dietary component in six species. In S. Typically, the least squares program " sees" nephelus (Southern Puffer), M. gulosus (Clown more radionuclides in a sample than does the Goby), and C. saburrae (Florida Blenny), detri- simultaneous equations program which usually tus was a major food item throughout most of gives large standard errors for most calculations. I the available size ranges. In M. beryllina (Tide- it is important to investigate whether con-water Silverside), detritus was the major food centrations calculated by both programs are item in the smallest sire class examined. Ap- similar. Tabir 8 shows a comparison of calcula-preciable amounts of detritus were also con- tions by the two programs for several random sumed by juveniles of O. oglinum (Atlantic samples. The four nuclides used in the table Thread Herring) and adults of H. unifasciatus are considered to be representative because (Halfbeak). A discussion is presented concern- they are often detected in the samples at Crys-ing the possibility that detritus may serve as tal River. Furthermore, Ra 226 and Th 232 have the major energy base utilized by juveniles of fairly complex spectra, while Cs 137 and 2r 95 most of the species of fishes included in this have simple spectra. Scrutiny of the values study. calculated by each method reveals remarkable l agreement in many cases, good agreement in
- PROCEDURES' AND METHODS most cases, and only a few divergent values.
Two important advantages in the least Least Squares Computer Program squares computations are the often orderof-Gamma spectra are, in general, too complex to magnitude improvement in the error bounds reduce to quantitative values except by com- over the other program and the absence of large puter techniques. The problem is especially negative concentrations. (continued) i 5-
. l
52 Lithium Drifted Germanium [Ge(LI)] detectable activities for selected radionuclides Detector Application to Environmental Samples using the guarded Ge(Li) system. For compari-A preliminary investigation of the usefulness of son, the previously reported limits for the Nal i a Ge(Li) system for environmental surveillance (TI) system are shown for the larger (3.51) i for radioactivity has been completed. Frank samples. In general the Ge(Ll) system is about Markwell, a Ph.D. candidate in Nuclear Engi- equal to the Na I (TI) system of the intermediate neering with a " major" in Environmental Engi- and high energies, even with the smaller sample, neering, conducted his Ph.D. research under and somewhat improved at very low energies. Dr. Bolch. The work was primarily supported by There will be considerably more confidence in an AEC Fellowship and the College of Engineer- the Ge(Li) identification and the percent err ir ing; however significant support came from the at threshold limits should be much improved FPC contract. over the Nal (TI) system. The basic unit is diagramed in Figure 2. The data in Table 3 are for40 minute counts. The complete active sample experimental sys- In the Ge(Li) system larger counting times (such tem consists of three detectors; the primary as 24 hrs.) produce approximately a ten fold ) [Ge(Li)], the guard (scintillator and 15 in. PM reduction in these MDC's, except for K 40 and tube), and the sampie (2 in. PM tube). The Ge Ra 226 where the limits are controlled by back-(Li) detector, produced by Ortec, Inc. has a ground levels. crystal volume of 34cc which yields a 6% One additional refinement has been investi-efficiency [re 3x3 in Nal (TI)] and a 2.9 kev gated. This technique, active sample counting, resolution. The guard detector consists of 80 makes the sample part of the guard detector, gallons of Pilot chemicals mineral oil scintilla- Restricted to rather optically clear samples, the , tor viewed by a Fairchild K212815 in. photo- system requires the additica of a liquid scintil- ! multiplier tube. lator to the environmental sample for a total of l The sample detector is an optional feature 1.5 liters. This " cocktail" is viewed by a separ. < to be discussed later. The sample must be mixed ate photomultiplier tube and associated elec-with a suitable scintillator and the mixture is tronics which add its detected signal to the , viewed with an RCA 6655 2 in. diameter photo- general signal and both are used in anticoinci-multiplier tube. dence with the primary detector. l All detectors are shielded with five thousand There are two results of this technique. First, pounds of mercury in 2.5 in. thick, outer, double the scheme produces significant Compton sup- ' tank walls. The entire assembly is housed in pression allowing the detection of peaks some-the same low-level cour. ting vault as the Na I (TI) times " buried" in the lower energy portions of system. The background of the vault is at least the spectrum. However, it also removes those a factor of ten lower than adjacent rooms in the photopeaks of gammas that occur within 200 ns building and the mercury shielding lowered the of the $ + or S- decay since these particles background in the Ge(Li) detector by at least a also trigger the anicoincidence logic. Those factor of ten in all channels. With the primary gammas that occur 200 ns after the primary guard activated, there is an additional reduc- particle decay are retrained. tion in background by at least another factor of Another spectrum can be subsequently ob-5 in all channels. tained by requiring coincidence between the Figure 3 shows the background spectrum of sample scintillator detector and the primary the guarded Ge(Li) system. The most striking o,tector. In this condition all electron capture feature of Ge(Li) spectra is the resolution ob- r , long lived (200 ns) excited states are ex-tained. If properly calibrated, there is little uuded leaving only a spectrum c? photopeaks chance of misinterpretation of the photopeaks from short lived $ + and $ - decay daughters. ; due to the lack of interferences. However, this technique has only partial Comp- l Tabis 9 indicates the theoretical minimum ton reduction. i 1 l i o
,~;._- _ -
53 The active sample technique has been illus- of radionuclides, in varying amounts, are avail-trated with a sample of the UFTR primary able for potential release to the environment. In coolant water. The top spectrum in Figure 4 is addition, there may be need for identification the Nal (T1) result with a 3.51 sample. The and quantitative determination of all radionu-only radioisotope present appears to be the clides in various in plant systems in order to readily activated Na 24. An aliquot of the same investigate their source. In the pre-operational sample, when placed in the Ge(Li) system re- study, it is important to study the ability of this veals additional information. The unguarded Ge Ge(Li) system in comparison to the Nal(T1) (Li) spectrum contains additional information presently used for routine counting. Only pre-useful in identifying the Na 24, furthermore, liminary investigations have been made; how-Tc 99m becomes easy to identify even with its ever, a second series of comparisons will be low energy. The Tc 99m is evidently a result of made in the coming months. neutron activation of molybdenum corrosion. An air particulate sample (45,000 cubic When the outer guard is on, the escape feet with 3-day decay and 40 min. count) was peaks and 0.511 pair production peak are elimi- taken at Gainesville. The Nal(TI) system did not nated, the Compton continuum is greatly statistically define the presence of any radio-reduced, and additional trace radionuclides nuclides. The guarded Ge(Li) system yielded appear. The Cd in 115 would suggest activation 100 pCi, Be 7; 8 pCl, Ru 103 and 12 pCl, Nb-of cadmium corroded from the cadmium control 95. These activities convert to concentrations blades in the reactor, however, they are not of 78,6.3 and 94 pCi/1000m3, respectively, supposed to be in direct contact with the priir.ary coolant. Air Particulate Sampling The bottom spectrum in Figure 4 indicates Air particulates are sampled at two !ccations the behavior of this particular sample when the near the Crystal River site (see Figure 1). The technique of active sample counting is used. samplers run 7.5 minutes out of each hour with The decay schemes of Na 24 and the Cd in 115 a sampling rate of roughly 2000 m3 per week. , pair cause them to be eliminated from the spec- The cellulose filters are changed each week and ! trum. Two previously undetected (and unsus- after three days delay, the filters are gamma I pected) contaminates emerge into the spectrum. scanned and computer analyzed. Alpha and beta Barium 133 and Zinc 65 were the two standards activities are determined with an internal pro-counted in this container just prior to the coolant portional counter and an end window propor-water sample. A small trace of each remained tional counter respectively. The minimum de- " doped" on the sides of the sample container tectable activity (MDA) for beta activity is about 3 and were not adequately removed with the 10 pCi/100 m3 with ?n average counting time i routine decontamination procedure. This fortui- of about 15 minutes. Although the alpha MDA is tous event; however, dramatically illustrated the calculated to be about 0.5 pCi/1000 m3, the potential of the active sample technique in value is probably misleading since the particu-handling complex samples containing several lates may embed in the filter. In such cases, radionuclides with large ranges of activities. measurab!e alpha activity could be reported as Figure 5 indicates the separation obtained less than the MDA as a result of self shielding in a complex spectrum when thJ active sample by the filter. Alpha determinations require one technique is utilized with the sample detector hour of counting time. either in articoincidence or coincidence. Only the gamma photopeaks of the "short lived" # Total Deposition Sampling + or # - decays occur in the lower spectrum. Total deposition is sampled at two locations A system of the type just described, has (see Figure 1). The sampling apparatus is de-great potential in the operational phases of the scribed in detail in the January June,1972, Crystal River Nuclear Plant since a large variety Environmental Status Report. Basically, a sam-l
54 pler consists of a 20 liter container and two are analyzed quarterly for tritium via liquid funnels with a collection area of 0.12 mr . The scintillation spectrometry. In order to improve deposition containers are changed about once a the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of the month, sooner if rainfall is unusually heavy. The system, the tritium content of the samples is volume of the sample is reduced to 3.5 liters enriched by means of selective electrolysis. The by evaporating at 100*C. and scanned for gam- sample volume is reduced by a factor of 100 ma activity. Activities are reported in pCi/m2- with an average tritium retention of 70 percent. day. The enrichment system lowers the MDA to about 7.0 x 10-2 pCi/ml. Thermoluminescent Dosimetry During the last quarter of 1972, a replace-The external gamma background on and near ment tritium standard was purchased for recall. Crystal River site is being monitored with the brating the system. A continuous effort was use of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). begun in 1972 to evaluate the reproducibility of Station locations are given in the January March, the enrichment system and this effort will be 1971 Environmental Status Report with the ex- continued through the first half of 1973. ception of station #16, located 80 feet north-east of station #10 (see figure 1). Since station DATA ORGANIZATION
- 10 routinely records up tn five times the AND STATISTICAL TESTS exposure of the other stations (due to radium-rich gravel near #10), station #16 was added During this contract year, the sampling pro-so that the background near #10 could be de- grams will have contributed two full years of termined more accurately. data. As these complete tabulations become in October,1972, a new batch of 180 TLD's available, it will be possible to subject the data wr purchased to replace the older batch which to certain statistical tests. The analysis can had begun to lose sensitivity and show an in- attempt to oWmine whether stations, media, creased variance, possibly due to rough han- sampling season, or other parameters are sta-dling. An intensive effort was made to discover tistically different from one another.
the important variables which affect a TLD Tests such as these can become very valu-system. Fluorescent lighting effects were elimi- able with respect to predicted trends, the past-nated; post annealing in water at 100*C before operational data, secondary data (ie. thermal reading was begun; high temperature pre irradi- effects), and other studies such as uptake-ation annealing aas evaluated and eliminated in transport - dose models. The main body of favor of " zeroing" by cycling the TLD's once or data from the marine marshland networks will twice through the reader just prior to packaging. be available in the very near future. This project New packaging techniques which could stream- objective will receive additional emphasis in the line preparation procedures were considered second half of the contract year. and are being tested. A cross calibration with two different sources (Ra-226 and Co 60) veri- PUBLIC RELATIONS fled the accuracy of the, at present, monthly calibrations. The objective of improved public relations is The reader being used is a nitrogen purged primarily reflected in the efforts to make all Eberline TLR 5 instrument which is set to inte- data readily available to Florida Power Corpora- . grate for 12 seconds between 150* and 250*C. tion for their dissemination and to take every l All TLD data are reduced to mR values by com- opportunity to publish in the open literature and puter techniques. present papers at local and national meetings. ) A listing of the theses, papers, articles, reports, i Tritium Analysis and presentations will provide some measure of Water samples collected at the Crystal River site the success of this contract objective.
55
- 1. " Environmental Surveillance for Radioac- sentation at the Second Semi Annual Review of tivity in the Vicinity of the Crystal River Nuclear Environmental Research Programs, Crystal Power Plant: An Ecological Approach," W. Em- River, Florida, W. Emmett Bolch, March 22, mett Bolch, A Research Proposal,59 pp., July 1971.
1,1972.
- 10. "Universityof Florida Radiological Report,"
- 2. " University of Florida Radiological Report," Appendix D, Environmental Status Report, Flor.
Appendix H. Environmental Status Report, Flor- ida Power Corporation, W. Emmett Bolch, 20 ida Power Corporation, W. Emmet Bolch,2 pp., pp., March,1971. July-September 1970.
- 11. " Quarterly Progress Report," Environmen.
- 3. " Radiological Check-Up," Facts from Gator- tal Surveillance for Radioactivity in the Vicinity land, Vol. 7, No. l. College of Engineering Sec- of the Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant: An tion, Universityof Florida Alumni Association,W. Ecological Approach, W. Emmett Bolch,28 pp.,
Emmet Bolch, October,1970. March 31,1971.
- 4. " Quarterly Progress Report," Environmental 12. "An Ecological Approach to Marine Radio-Surveillance for Radioactivity in the Vicinity of logical Monitoring at the Florida Power Corpora-the Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant: An Eco- tion Crystal River Nuclear Plant," W.E.S. Carr, logical Approach, W. Emmett Bolch, 23 pp., R.W. Englehart and J.F. Gamble, presentation October,1970. Southern Conference on Environmental Protec-tion at Nuclear Power Plants, St. Petersburg, S. " Environmental Surveillance for Radioactiv- Florida, April 21 22, 1971.
ity in the Vicinity of the Crystal River Plant," pre-sentation of the Review of Environmental Re- 13. "An Ecological Approach to Environmental search Programs, Crystal River, Florida, W. Surveillance," Proceedings Fifth Annual Health Emmett Bolch, October 13,1970. Physics Society Midyear Topical Symposium, Idaho Falls, Idaho, W.E. Bolch, J.F. Gamble,
- 6. "An Ecological Approach to Environmental C.E. Roessler, J.L. Fox, S.C. Snedaker, and Surveillance," presentation at the Fitth Annual R.W. Englehart, Vol. II, pp. 252 265, published Health Physics Society Midyear Topical Sym- February,1971.
posium, Idaho Falls, Idaho, W. Emmett Bolch, J.F. Gamble, C.E. Roessler, J.L. Fox, S.C. Sne- 14. "A preliminaryand Unverified Faunal Check-daker, and R.W Englehart, November 3-6,1970. list and Dietary for the Florida Power Corpora-tion Plant Site at Crystal River, Florida," Edited
- 7. " University of Florida Radiological Report," by B.C. Pruitt, Jr., April,1971.
Appendix E, Environmental Status Report, Flor-ida Power Corporation, W. Emmett Bolch,11 15. "Universityof Florida Radiological Report," pp., October. December,1970. ' Appendix D, Environmental Status Report, Flor. Ida Power Corporation, W. Emmett Bolch,8 pp.,
- 8. " Quarterly Progress Report," Environmental April June,1971.
Surveillance for Radioactivity in the Vicinity of the Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant: An Eco- 16. " Quarterly Progress Report," Environmen-logical Approach, W. Emmett Bolch, 39 pp., tal Surveillance for Radioactivity in the Vicinity January,1971. of the Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant: An Ecological Approach, W. Emmett Bolch,29 pp., ,
- 9. " Environmental Surveillance for Radioactiv- June,1971. I ity in the Vicinity of the Crystal River Plant," pre- (continued) l l
56
- 17. " Environmental Tritium Measurement by 36th Annual Meeting Florida Academy at Sci-Enrichment and Liquid Scintillation Spectrome. ence, April,1972.
try," Joseph L. Alvarez, Master's Thesis, Envi-ronmental Engineering, University of Florida, 25. " University of Florida Radiological Report," August,1971. Appendix C, Environmental Status Report, Flor-ida Power Corporation, W. Emmett Bolch,11
- 18. "A Utility Sponsored Environmental Sur- pp., December,1971.
veillance and Radioecological Research Program for a Coastal Nuclear Power Plant," C.E. Roes- 26. "A Two-Dimensional Transient Numerical sier, W.E. Bolch, J.F. Gamble, and W.B. John- Model for Radionuclide Transport in Tidal son, Jr., rmsentation, 99th Annual Meeting, Waters," P.B. Bedient, Masters Thesis, Environ-Public Health Association, Minneapolis, Minne- mental Engineering, University of Florida, sota, October 12,1971. March,1972.
- 19. " Site Radiological Survey - Ecological 27. "A Two Dimensional Transient Numerical Approach," Section VI-d., Crystal River Unit 3 Model for Radionuclide Transport in Tidal Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Report, Waters," P.B. Bedient, W.E. Bolch and W.C.
Florida Power Corporation, W. Emmett Bolch, Huber, presentation,17th Annual Meeting of 3 pp., February,1971. the Health Physics Society, Las Vegas, Nev.. June 11-15,1972.
- 20. " Contract Renewal Proposal," Environmen-ta! Surveillance for Radioactivity in the Vicinity 28. " University of Florida Radiological Re-of the Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant: An ports," Appendix C, Environmental Status Re-Ecological Approach, W. Emmett Bolch, August, port, Florida Power Corporation, W. Emmett 1971. Bolch,17 pp., June,1972.
- 21. "Rediological Studies," Vol. 2, Section V, 29. " Contract Renewal Proposal," Environmen.
G.,3, Crystal River Unit 3 Applicant's Environ- tal Surveillance for Radioactivity in the Vicinity mental Report Operating License Stage, Florida of the Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant: An l Power Corporation, W. Emmett Bolch,15 pp., Ecological Approach, W. Emmett Bolch, August, ) January,1972. 1972.
- 22. " Rare and Endangered Species at Crystal 30. " Progress Report," Environmental Surveil- )
River," Response to AEC question, S.C. Sne- lance for Radioactivity in the Vicinity of the daker,10 pp., March 20,1972. Crystal River Nuclear Power PIar;i: An Ecologi-cal Approach, W. Emmett Bolch,8 pp., Septem-
- 23. " Preliminary Estimate of Maximum Dosage ber,1972.
to an Individual as a Result of Radionuclides in the Liquid Effluent from the Crystal River Nuc- 31. " University of Florida Radiological Report," l lear Power Plant," Special report to Florida Appendix D, Environmental Status Report, Flor-Power Corporation, W. Emmett Bolch, C.E. Ida Power Corporation, W. Emmett Bolch,3 pp., Roessler, W.E. Carr, B.B. Welsh, and T.N. Gerry, September,1972. ! 20 pp., September 20,1971.
- 32. "An Ecological Approach to Marine Radio-
- 24. " Radionuclides in Liquid Wastes Released logical Monitoring at the Florida Power Corpora-l From a Nuclear Power Plant: Anticipated Doses tion Crystal River Nuclear Plant, W.E.S. Carr, to Marine Organisms and to Man," W.E. Bolch, R.W. Englhart, and J.F. Gamble, Proceedings C.E. Roessler and W.E.S. Carr, Presentation of Southern Conference on Environmental Radia-l 1
1
- - - - 1
57 tion Protection for Nuclear Power Plants, pp. tivity in the Vicinity of the Crystal R;ver Nuclear 177-193, Published September,1972. Power Plant: An Ecological Approach," W. Em-mett Bolch, Presentation, Third Semi-Annual
- 33. " Food Habits of Juvenile Pinfish (Lagodon Review of Environmental Research Programs, Rhomboides), Silver Perch (Bairdiella Chry- Crystal River, November 17, 1971.
sura), and Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscian Nebu-losus) of the Estuarine Zone Near Crystal River, 40. " Environmental Serveillance for Radioac-Florida," Clayton A. Adams,11, Masters Thesis, tivity in the Vicinity of the Crystal River Nuclear Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Power Plant: An Ecological Approach," W. Em-March,1972. mett Bolch, Presentation, Fourth Semi Annual Review of Environmental Research Programs,
- 34. "A Utility Sponsored Environmental Sur. Crystal River, May 5,1972.
veillance and Radioecological Research Program for a Coastal Nuclear Power Plant," C.E. Roes- 41. " Active Sample Anticoincidence Guarded sier, W.E. Bolch, J.F. Gambly a'nd W.B. Johnson, Ge(Li) Spectrometer for Environmental Radio-Jr., American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 62, nuclide Analysis," F.R. Markwell, W.E. Bolch, No.10, pp.12791386, October,1972. C.E. Roessler, and W.H. Ellis, Presentation. American Nuclear Society Winter Meeting,
- 35. " Radionuclides in Liquid Wastes Released Washington, D. C.,1972.
From a Nuclear Poor Plant-Anticipated Doses to Marine Organisms and to Man," W.E. Bolch, 42. " Active Sample Anticoincidence Guarded C.E. Roessler, and W.E.S. Carr, Proceedings Ge(Li) Spectrometer for Low-Level RMionuclide 36th Annual Meeting, Ficrida Academy of Sci- Analysis," F.R. Markwell, W.E. Bolch,1E. Roes-ences, Submitted October,1972. sier, and W.H. Ellis, Proceedings 1972 lEEE-Nuclear Science Symposium, Miami, Florida,
- 36. "Developme it and Comparison of Compton December 6 8, 1972.
Suppression Techniques for Low-level Radionu-clide Analysis," Frank R. Markwell, Ph.D. Dis- 43. " Environmental Surveillence for Radioac-sertation, Department of Nuclear and Environ- tivity in the Vicinity of the Crystal River Nuclear mental Engineering, University of Florida,116 Power Plant: An Ecological Approach," W. Em-pp., December,1972. mett Bolch, Presentation, Fifth Semi Annual Re-view of Environmental Research Programs.
- 37. " Food Habits cf Juvenile Marine Fishes Crystal River, November 17,1972.
Occupying Seagrass Beds in the Estuarine Zone Near Crystal River, Florida," W.E.S. Carr and 44. " Prediction of Transient, Two-Dimensional C.A. Adams, Accepted for Publication, Transac- Radionuclide Distribution in Tidal Waters," W.C. tions of American Fisheries Society, Spring, Huber, P.B. Bedient, and W.E. Bolch, submitted 1973. to Water Resources Research, Fall,1972.
- 38. " Food Habits of Juvenile Marine Fishes: 45. " Environmental Surveillance for Radio-Evidence of the Cleaning Habit in the Leather- activity in the Vicimty of the Crystal River jack, Oligoplites saurus and the Spottail Pinfish, Nuclear Power Plant: An Ecological Approach,"
Diplodus holbrooki," W.E.S. Carr and C.A. W. Emmett Bolch, Presentation, Program Re-Adams, Fishery Bulletin, Vol. 70, No. 4,1972. view, Engineering and industrial Experiment Station, University of Florida, November 13,
- 39. " Environmental Surveillance for Radioac- 1971.
i 58 TRAINING OF g.-oject will expand into other transport and FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION dose calculation medels. Current activities are PERSONNEL summarized below:
- 1. Studies of the predicted dispersion and This objective somewhat overlaps the previous diffusion of radionuclides released to the cool-objective, since many of the publications and ing water discharge canal are continuing. Mr.
presentations serve as a vehicle for the inter- Philip Bedient will obtain an updated hydrody-change of ideas between the contract and FPC namic model from the University of South Flor-personnel. Numerous informal meetings at St. Ida and continue several computer runs on the Petersburg, Crystal River and Gainesville during models developed in his master's research. In the past three years have contributed to the addition, there will be investigations of how understanding of goals and conduct of the re- these predicted variable concentrations in the search. In recent months plant personnel have Gulf waters will be utilized in the uptake become more involved as the planning for the calculations. operational phases of the environmental surveil- 2. The specific activity approach requires lance began. knowledge of the stable element concentrations A more formalindication of this objective is of each of the radioelements in the Gulf waters the planned submission of detai!ed procedure and in the various biological media under con-manuals. Many of the sampling networks and sideration. Several methods for the measure-analysis procedures are now sufficiently routine ment of these trace elements are being explored. that standard operating procedures can be writ- Of special interest in this regard is the multi-ten. The first of these manuals is in its final element analysis of trace elements by x ray stages (FPC has received a preliminary copy) fluorescence employing Van de Graaff acceler-and treats the external gamma radiation moni- ated ions. Mr. John Russell, a PhD candidate in toring by thermoluminescent dosimetry. Mr. J.C. Environmental Engineering is attempting to Lochamy is the primary author and the manual quantitate this very promising technique. includes items specific to the Crystal River site, 3. Since there are some fallout radionu-as well as procedures of a more general n&ture. clides in the environment that are the same as There are plans to write several of the procedure those predicted to be released from nuclear manuals, especially for those measurements power plant (i.e. Cs 137). It would be very valu-that may be performed by FPC personnel in the able to measure existing specific activities in future. the Gulf water and selected marine organisms. Unfortunately, in the marine environment radio-DOSE TO MAN cesium (like stable cesium) is at levels unde. 1 tectable with ordinary techniques. Samples must ) The problem of relating environmental releases therefore be concentrated. For the Gulf water, a 1 of radionuclides to their contribution to radia- procedure has been designed to evaporate over j tion dose to man is a complex problem. The 300 liters to nearly dryness at low temperature ) theories in some phases are well defined and in and subsequently freeze dry the remaining salt I other phases, broad assumptions must presently to obtain 3.51 of material for gamma counting. suffice.This contract has conducted some initial in a somewhat similar manner, various biolog-investigations into the prediction of the con- ical media are being accumulated and/ or con- ' sequence of releases via the dischargo canal centrated until sufficient material is available into the marine environment. The specific activ- to detect fallout radionuclidas such as Cs 137. ity approach was utilized and a very preliminary These measureinents and the stable element in- J study was submitted to FPC. Work in this area vestigations will yield existing specific activities, has continued and areas where aJditional work and existing concentration factors. These investi-is needed have been identified. In addition, the gations are also part of Mr. John Russett's PhD 1
-"' ~mw .,-
59 research. The work under sections 2 and 3 is as his thesis research. In the next month or two, primarily supported by an Environmental Pro- he will perform an extensive literature review tection Agency fellowship. and identify those models available. From these
- 4. The preliminary model for predicting the data it will be necessary to select those which dose to man via intake of marine food items can be improved by inovative techniques, as-from the Crystal River site will continually t;e semble necessary parameters and perform test updated as data frem items 1,2 and 3 above calculation. Several models might be chosen become available or additional data for other and compared. These studies will not be limited phases of the model are modified, ie., reaase to the ' W discharges. Mr. McPherson is data, dietary information, etc. current ( wcrted by an Environmental Pro-
- 5. The Radiological Health group in Envi- tection Au,,q traineesh p.
ronmental Engineering has chosen the topic of 7. Lastly, the faculty investigators and proj-environmental transport of radionuclides and ect staff have been in the process of shifting the subsequent dose calculations for its spring major emphasis to the problem of assessment quarter seminar ser! . Some students and fac- of dose. The current efforts include, (a) contin-ulty will be critically reviewing existing projects. ued effort in the projects listed in sections 1 Others are to search the literature and report on through 6 above, (b) conducting an independent models that may be applied to the Crystal River general literature review, (c) requestir.g pro-Site, grams from other authors and agencies and (d)
- 6. Mr. Robert McPherson, a masters candi. critically reviewing the dose calculations in the date in Environmental Engineering, has chosen AEC's Draft Environmental Statement for Crystal prediction models for radiation dose to man as River Unit 3.
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s- a s. .n :: J , l V I. I, activa smet - coincinoce .ao ca. seat sween Figure 5. Separation of decay modes.
..e%s.,
62 TABLE 2. GAMMA ANALYSIS OF CEDAR KEY SAMPLES Laboratory Date Size K(#K) aasRa ra:Th ' 3 PCs Number cosec'd Location Descnonon (kg) (gkg) pCng pCiikg pCukg Others (pCilkg) and Comments 498H 7/30/71 Cedar Key East Water 30.5' C 3.509 0.14 t 270 Bank of see- Salinity - 0.14 250 horse Key 27.2 % A221H 8/3/71 Cedar Key Sea Water 0.357 47001 8a 140,110t 93 1.5 2600 A211H 7/30/71 Seahorse Key Sediment 6.45 0.16 t 580 42 i Zr-95. lit 2 south end in 0.082 160 14 grass bed A212H 7/30/71 Cedar Key Sediment 5.868 0.31t 1200 t 62 t Zr 95, tot 2: Ru 106.180t 43: Gardeners 0.098 200 6 8-131,25t 21: Co 144,500t 86 Point A210H 7/30/71 Cedar Key Red Algae 0.622 5.9 t Zr.95,260t 22; Ed 106,3901 Mixture 0.85 340: Mn 54. 67t 56 A205H 7/30/71 Cedar Key. Shoal Grass 2.350 3.6 t 460 t Zr-95.100 8: Ru 106, 530t East bank and 0.27 420 100: Co-144,2001 100: Mn 54, Seahorse Key 342 17 A206H 7/30/71 Cedar Key. Tuttio Grass 1.734 3.5 870 t Zr-95.180t 10; Ru-106. 530t East Bank 0.34 570 140: Mn-54. 68t 22 A201H 8/1/71 Cedar Key Blue Crab.13 2.432 1.72 61 Zr.95. 6t 4 0.22 33 A222H 7/30/71 Cedar Key. Oysters, whole 3.741 540 t 24 2r-95. 8t 3; Note K-40 absence Gardener's 250 21 Point A224H Oyster Meat 0.414 1.9 from A222H 1.7 A225H Oyster shells 3.127 600 Zr 95. 7 3: Note K-40 absence from A222H 300 499H 7/29/71 Senhorse Key Shrimp. Approx. 1.739 2.6 t 500 A217H 8/6/71* Seahorse Key Quahog shells 3.678 0.27t 1800i 140 0.15 320 25 A218H 8/6/71 Seahorse Key Quahog Meat 0.436 No identifiable radionuclides. i ( L i i i
63 Laboratory Date Sue K(#K) asRa WTh HFCs Number conee d Location Desenption (kg) (g kg) pCitkg pCukg pCikg Others (pCLkgl and Comments A223H 7/30/71 Seahorse Key Sand dollars 1.601 2400 t 120 Note K-40 absence Sand Point 2 dor. 640 51 A226H 7/30/71 Cedar Key See Urchins 2.448 0.60 t 1400t Ze95,19 5: Ru 106,100t 88 0.22 420 A216H 8/6/71 Seahorse Key Stonecrabs, a 2.535 0.96 t 900 67 i Ru.106,93t 84 0.21 390 31 A227H 7/30/71 Ced # Key Wheik Meat 3.700 2.12 Ru 106,77157 0.16 A228H 7/30/71 Sheits frorn 2.230 0 31t 490 35 A227H 0.22 420 2 34 A208H 8/1/71 Cedar Key Killifish 1.000 2.6 150t 0.46 52 A213H 7/30/71 Cedar Key Menidia 0.899 1.52 80 1 1-313, 42137; Zn-65,110161 0.52 48 A200H 8/1/71 Cedar Key Mullet. 55 2.475 2.82 540 120 t 0.24 380 36 A209H 7/30/71 Cedar Key Piafish 102 0.810 2.6 0.59 A203H 8/1/71 CedarKs Pinfish.14 7 2.090 2.6 72 t 046 39 A220H 7/30/71 Cedar Key Red Fish 0.291 5.32 Zo95,31t 30 2.6 A207H 7/30/71 Cedar Key Sheeoshead 1.651 3.0 130t Zr.95,36t 7: Ru.106,100t 130 Minnows 0.35 50 A202H 8/1/71 Cedar Key Silver 2.435 2.6 i Perth.31 0.23 A219H 8/1/71 Cedar Key Spot Fin 0.371 2.7 Minnows,5 dor. Zr-95. 27i 24 2.0 A215H 7/30/71 Cedar Key Spot Fish,33 0.561 3.0 1101 0.85 98 A204H 8/1/71 Cedar Key Spotted 1.626 3.2 Seatrout,10 0.34 A214H 7/30/71 Cedar Key Stingray 1.522 1.7 t 50 t 1131, 25 t 21: Co-144, 2101 0.32 28 120; Zn-65. 56136 f
l 1 i i TABLE 2. GAMMA ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL SAMPLES l Laboratory Date Siis K("K) mRa anTh WCs Locahon Description (kg) (gikg) pCskg pCLkg pCakg Others (pCo kgl and Comments Number collec d ! Ar nad6tio (minus 3.327 1.0 t 826 2 25 765 t Zr-95. 6 t 2: Ru-106,32 29: 5168 1/10/71 0.04 Zn.65, 25 t 13: Be 140. S t 5 stomach) 5178 2/26/71 Armadillo (male) 3.097 2.4 1800t 650t 0.20 340 32 533E 4/10/71 Armadillo 3.108 2.42 12001 570 Zr-95. 5 4: Ru-106.100t 74: 0.20 320 31 Mn.54.16t 11 537E 1/10/71 A madillo. 2 3.105 1.6 t 1400t 29 t 610 t Ru 106.160176 0.19 340 28 32 E38C 2/19/71 Armadillo 3.018 2.12 1500t 520 Ru 106.170t 77 0.20 350 32 543F 6/In1 Armadillo 2.708 2.32 23001 51 2 2000 0.23 410 33 52 544F 6/1/71 Armadillo 1.073 3.0 t 4100 S8 t 7502 0.35 610 48 54 545F 6/1/71 Armadillo 2.142 2.8 t 2100 t 1101 0.28 490 40 Armadillo 1.597 46 t 1300t 69 t 1600 t Ru-106,250t 150 546F 6/2n1 640 54 64 0.39 slack Base 0.966 2.32 750t Ru 106,180 t 140 5708 6/25/71 51 1.0 Uter configuration 0.49 Blackberries 2.392 1.5 t 590 Zr.95,1315
$56F 6/21/71 36 0.22 5220 3/27/71 Cat (Felle Cetus) 2.296 1.0 t 54 t 52t Ba.140. lit 5 0.04 52 7 539E 4/10/71 Cat.Forel 4.098 1.2 t 2601 Ru 106. 73t 53 0.13 21
- Cattalle 0.899 2.9 140 t Zr 95,25t 12 557F 6/18/71 81 0.56 558F 6/18/71 Cattails 1.004 2.6 t 120t Zr 95. 212 to 0.50 73 519C 3/11/71 Morganser Ducks 3.303 2.12 39 t Ba-140.12f: 10 0.18 23 540C 2/14/71 Feathers. MerSon- 0.285 4700 ser. Ducks 3200 541E 5/24/71 Feathers. MerSon- 0.734 1500 t 130t Zr-95.15 214 ser. Ducks 1300 98 Frogs 0.859 2.0 580 t 0.5 Uter configuration 5610 7/6/71 0.87 96 5620 6/23/71 Citrus Fross.20 2.188 2.0 i 460i 1100 Zr-95. 82 5:
County 0.25 430 44 Ba.140,23t 16 5721 7/23nt Gopher tortois. 2 1.275 1.81 710 t 69 t 390t Ru.106.150t 110: 0 39 350 44 40 1.0 uter confl8uration 6131,46t 28 535E 5/20/71 Mice 0.453 7877t 2348 3/20/71 Oppessum 3.333 1.9 t 3702 400 5210 20 0.17 280 Oppossum 2.428 1.0 t 1052 97 1 Zr'95, 2 2; Ba.140.1315 523D 4/12/71 50 7 0.04 I 532E 5/18nt Oppossum 1.740 1.5 t 2900t Ru 106. 360 90:1.131.49 2 0.29 47 23: Co-144,560t 140 1.0 Uter configuration 548F 6/2/71 Oppossum 0.665 3.4 6400 t 2n-65.130i S3 0.71 110 1.0 Uter configuration Oppossum 1.579 2.3 t 36001 79 t 19000 Zo95.12 7; 552F 6/8/71 680 52 150 Zn 65. 84 t 65 0.37 i 5158 2/8/71 Raccoon 3.968 1.6 t 26 1 590t ! 0.15 20 24 Raccoon 2.083 1.0 t 402 Zn-65. 29113; Ba-140.172 5 5240 3/27/71 7 0.04 Raccoon 4.147 1.8 35 t Zn-65,24t 22 525E 5/11/71 18 0.14 l
65 Laboratory Date Siro M(*aK) mRa mTh WCs Number collec'd Locaton Desenpbon (kg) (g,kg) pC6kg pC6tg pC6kg Others (pCi/kg) and Comments 526E 5/11/71 Raccoons 2 4.043 1.5 t 28 t Zr.65. 26t 22 0.14 18 527E 5/1341 Raccoon
- 3.120 2.0 t 490 t 37t 0.19 300 25 528E 5/13/71 Raccoon 3.600 1.7 t 750 Zo95.15t 3: Ru.106. 200162; 0.16 270 Mn-54,36t 10 529E 4/10/71 Raccoon 2.518 2.2 t 1300 t 210 2 Zr 95. 7t 5: Ru.106.100 87; 0.23 390 33 Zn-65. 43138 547F 6/2/71 Raccoon 4.661 1.4 91 2 0.13 17 549F 6/2/71 Raccoon 4.243 1.7 t 114 1 31 1 Ru 106. 49t 32;I-131,16t 8; 0.13 100 11 Co.144,150 to 553F 6/3/71 Raccoon 2.186 3.1 3200 t 0.27 58 5660 7/23/71 Raccoon 3.251 1.4 t 140 t 0.17 24 534E 5/20n1 Rats 1.864 3.4 t 12001 81 6500t 0.31 520 44 85 542E 5/19/71 Shark. 5.551 3.21 99 t Hammerhead 0.13 14 551F 6/7/71 Shark. Tiger 4J74 0.96 i 39 t 0.12 17 555F 6/3/71 Sheepshead 3.667 2.6 t 660t 52t 48 t 0.18 200 24 23 554F 6/3/71 Sheepshead 2.971 2.82 750t 70t 53 t 0.21 340 29 27 531E 5/13 m S r, alt Snails 1.029 3.6 Ru-106,240t 130 arsh 0.50 1.0 Uter configuration 5731 9/a2/71 Snake, black 0.042 3300 0.1 Uter configuration racer 790 530E 4/24/71 Snake, black 0.183 4.72 2000 0.5 Uter configuration 4.0 440 5711 9/5/71 Sna ke. cotton- 0.161 4600 3101 0.1 Uter configuration mouth 2500 200 550F 6/7/71 Snake. King 1.086 3.2 t 300t 0.48 69 l 518C 3/8/71 Rattlesnake 1.406 1.7 t 100 t 21000t Zr.95. 61t 8: Zn.65.140t 63; 0.36 54 100 Sa-140,30 26 j 568f 9/1/71 Snake, water 0.501 1200 t 3.2 t 2400t 0.5 Uter configuration 1.5 890 170 i 034D 4/9/71 Withlacoochee Snake, water 0.138 850t 1.0 uter configuration 320 l 520C 3/20/71 Snake, water 0.594 2.32 1800t 1.0 Uter configuration 0.78 09 559F 6/23/71 Snake, southern 1.006 3.0 t 22002 3000t banded.2 0.53 950 100 560F 6/17/71 Snake, southern 0.885 3.0 3600 3000t banded.5 0.61 1200 110 563G 7/7/71 Softshell 2.308 turtle 1.8 t 0.23 1200 t Br.140. 29t 15 42 564G .7/7/71 Softsheit 1.933 1.9 670 t 1500 Ba.140. 35 18 turtle 0.28 510 52 5670 9/23/71 Softshell 4.970 1.1 1100 t 39 t turtle 1400 t Ru.106.110 57-0.12 230 18 28 Co-144. 340 lid 5691 9/1/71 Softshell 1J12 1.6 i 390t 560 t 1.0 Uter configuration turtles. 2 0.37 320 38 565G 6/25/71 Withlacoochee Sunfish 2.858 2.0 430 t Pond 0.20 720 t Mn.54.13 t 12 310 32
66~ TABLE 3. GAMMA ANALYSIS OF FRESHWATER SAMPLES Laboratory Date S* *e K(**K) as*Ra as Th WCs Nurnber colloc d Locata Descripte (kg) (S kg) pCa,kg pCtkg pCukg Others (pCilkg) and Comments 024H 8/04/71 Crystal River Blue Crabs.13 2.017 1.8 3100t 210t 0.29 570 46 020C 3/19/71 Fish. Bass 1.669 2.81 46 i 0.32 43 054H 8/04/71 Crystal River Fish. Bass 1 2.273 1.31 490t 0.23 410 0290 4/09/71 withlacoochee Bass.3 1.555 2.9 t 210 t 0.33 50 0390 3/19/71 Crystal River Fish, Blue 0.472 1.6 1131. 2500 t 85: Gills, en 0.96 Mn 54.130t 120 5 41H 8/04/71 Crystal River Fish. 2.190 2.3 t 1400 t Centrarchides. 6 0.27 470 019C 3/19/71 Eel 2.617 2.0 t 2200 t 0.23 410 0280 4/09/71 Withlecoochee Eels. 2 0.593 2.7 4800 t 560 t Ru-106 #90 200 0.88 1700 140 Mn-54, i d t 31 048H '8/04/71 Crystal River Eels. 2 2.497 21 6800 t 0.28 550 045H 8/04/71 withlacoochee Carfish 2 1.404 26 1100 t 84 t 500 t 0.39 710 57 59 023C - 3/19/71 Killifish.10 0.438 3.4 t 1.1 021C 3/19/71 Fish. Multet 2.199 2.4 t 35002 67 t 0.29 530 42 0260 449/71 Withiacoachee Fish, Mullet,4 1.860 2.5 2000 95 t 430 t Zr.95. 32t 7 0.32 580 47 50
- 046H _8/03/71 Crystal River Fish, Muttet. 3 1.596 3,4 i 6000 Zr-95,17 8 0.40 750 047H 8/04/71 Withlacoochee Fish. Mullet. 2 1.967 2.7 4300t 64 2 640t Zr 95. 22 7 0.32 590 46 52 037D 3/19/71 Crystal River Pinfish. 7 0.169 54 t 1.0 Liter con *18uration
?.8 044H 8/04/71 Crystal River P6nnsh. 28 2.261 2.5 2300 t 48 2 39 Zr 95. 8 t 5 0.27 490 38 38 043H 3/03/71 Crystal River Fish. Sailors' O.956 3.1 5100 t Cho6ce.13 0.59 1100 022C 3/19/71 Fish. Shell 0.581 29 Zr-95. 201 17 Croche..16 0.85
67 [? Laboratory Date See K(#K) assRa sa:Th 'a7Cs Nurnber collee'd Locahon Desenphon - (kg) (gc kg) pCalkg pCVkg pC6kg Others (pCLhg) and Comments 036D 4/09/71 Withlacocctee Fish. Shell 0.198 3.2 t 9000t 470 t Cracker, 2 2.5 4900 380 030D 4/09/71 Crystal River Skate rish,1 0.627 1.9 t 30001 0.81 1600 038D 3/19/71 Crystal River Sucker Fisk 3 0.441 1.82 1.0 Uter configuration 1.1 049H 8/04/71 Crystal River Sucka Fish,6 1.923 2.3 t 1000 t 50 Zn.65, 52 48 0.29 510 40 0400 3/19/71 Crystal River Fish. Yellow- 0.238 2.9 1.0 Uter configuration tails,12 1.9 025D 4/09/71 Crystal River Hyacinths 1.377 1.1 t Ze95,772 9 0.36 050H 8/03/71 Crysta River Hyacinths 0.977 1.7 i Ru-106.1300 230 0.51 058H 8/13/71 Barge Canal Hyacinth 1.360 0.65 i 3200 t Zr-95.110t 10: 0.38 760 Ru.106, 5902170 027D 4/09/71 withlacoochee Hydrilla 1.149 1.9 t 1000 t Zr.95,250t 14 0.45 850 035D 4/09/71 Crystal River Hydrilla 0.917 1.4 t 2800t 140t Zr 95,44 12 0.56 1100 85 051H 8/03/71 Crystal River Hydrilla 1.828 1.8 t 830t Zo95,20t 6 0 29 540 052H 8/03/71 Withlacoochee Hydrilla 1.611 1.1 t 1700 t 360t Zr 95,3517 0.32 620 53 CJ10 4/09/71 Withlacoochee Sediment 4.686 7800 240 250 Zr 95,212 4 400 29 33 033D 4/09/71 Crystal River Sediment 5.214 1100 t SGt Zr.95,17 3 220 16 053H 8/03/71 Withiacoochee Sediment 1.699 0.83 t 24.000 t 750t $40t Zr.95, 47 212: Ru.106. 970 t 0.50 1.100 83 93 220:1131,220t 93: Mn-54 532 35 024D 4/09/F1 Withlacoachee Water 3.510 No identifiable radionuclides 0320 4/09/71 Crystal River Water 3.738 430 t 260 055H 8/03/71 Withlacoochee Water 3.729 410 250 056H 8/03/71 Crystal River Wat r 3.597 560 t 270 t ^ -
68 TABLE 4. CRYSTAL RIVER AIR SAMPLES (continued through page 72) Alpha Beta 88*Rs " 71 'c*Ru '"O '**0a '8'Cs ra Th ' 8' t pCv pCv pCv pCd pCs pCV pCu pCv pCi/ pCV Lab. Sta. Samphng No. No. Pened 1000m8 1000m8 1000ma 1000m3 1000m8 1000m3 1000m3 1000ma 1000m3 1000rna f)Siers pCil50Com8 Comments 800E 1 4/30/71 3.3 456 106 t 106 t 130 t 19 t 16t 15 t Sant 4 25 24 6 7 8 801E 1 Sn/71 = 0.5 508 106 98 t 129 t 19 t 13 t 5/14/71 4 27 24 7 8 803F 1 5/14n1 a 0.5 304 6172 135t 398 t 384 t 16t Mn-54, i t 1 5/21/71 155 4 42 99 8 802F 1 5/21nt
- 0.5 653 62 t 161t 173t let 6/1/71 4 56 149 12 804F 1 6/1/71
- 0.5 359 304t 74 t 250t 123 t 18 t 6/11/71 160 3 41 104 14 805F 1 6/11/71 = 0.5 366 68t 216 t 210 t 34 6/17/71 5 68 181 24 806F 1 6/17nt
- 0.5 221 43 t 129 t 6/24/71 3 54 Mn-54, it 1 807G 1 6/24nt 2.9 ;06 216t 47t 132 t 153 7/2/71 206 4 48 130 809G 1 7/2/71 = 0.5 225 27 t 65 t 18t 7/8nt 4 62 14 811G 1 7/8nt = 0.5 181 24 t 229t 7/15ni 3 148 813G ' 1 7/15/71 a 0.5 163 33 89 1722 7/22/71 3 56 155 015H 1 7/22n1 a 0.5 115 19 i 7/294 1 3 817H 1 7/29/71 a 0.5 120 15 t 8/6/71 2 No alpha Runs until 835J 819H 1- 8/601 NR 78 7 8/18/71 2 821H 1 8/18/71 NR 49 71 54 1261 8/27/71 2 41 114 8238 1 8/27/71 NR 34 372t 51 94 t 9/2/71 260 3 56 8258 1 9/2/71 NR 28 86 1 9/10n 1 45 8278 1 9/10/71 NR 72 7 76 1 J/18/71 3 46 8298 1 9/10/71 NR 40 41 9/24/71
- 3 831J 1 9/24/71 NR 60 7 55 184 23 1 10/1/71 3 54 151 19 833J 1 10/1/71 NR 50 742t 4t 155t 1311 10/8/71 241 3 53 126 74 4 8e8in alpha runs aSain 835J 1 10/8/71 = 0.5 10/15/71 3 837J 1 10/15/71 = 0.5 24 41 48 t 10/23/71 2 43 32 No specific measurable 839K 1 10/23nt .
- 0.5 10/31/71 873C 1 3/17/72 a 0.5 46 85 t No specific measurable 3/24n 2 55 8750 1 3/24/72 = 0.5 65 69 1 15 i 17t 3/31/72 29 10 3 8770 1 3/31/72 = 0.5 83 32 149t 4/7/72 3 51 879E 1 4/7/72
- 0.5 78 326t 34 t 240 t 33 2 Two samples s- 14.2 corn 4/16n 2 159 3 48 16 B-187.6 cptnwmitted Seit 1 4/16/72 = 0.5 79 21 t 1871 4/23/72 - 3 59 883E 1 4/23n2 = 0.5 8 15 t 156t 133t 9t 5/3/72 2 39 99 9
69 Alpha Beta aseRa "Zr '#Ru *Ce '"St. SCs as Th 'sig Lao. Sta. Samphng - - pCV pCu pCu pCu pCv pCv pCV pCV pCV No No. Peral 1 3 1000m3 1000ma 1000ma 1000ms 1000m3 1000m3 1000m3 1000m3 1000rna Others pCV1000m8 Commerits 883E 1 5/3/72
- 0.5 179 6t 200 t 5/Sn2 6 122 887E 1 5/6n2
- 0.5 118 17 1 96 2 5/14/72 3 52 889E 1 5/14n2 = 0.5 129 14t 154t 5/21/72 3 58 SSIE 1 5/21/72
- 0.5 84 6t 186 i 5/28/72 3 54 893F 1 5/20n2 = 0.5 109 lit 202t 26t 6/5/72 2 49 16
- 895F 1 6/5 n 2
- 0.5 -256 56 95 t 22t &t Begin use of Least Squaree 6/12/72 2 16 6 5 Progrom I 897F 1 6/12 n 2
- 0.5 72 7 87t 13 t 11 i 5 6/18n 2 1 13 4 5 5
^
899E 1 6/18n2 a 0.5 66 51 2 13t 45 i 82 6t 6/23/72 30 1 11 3 4 901G 1 6/23/72 = 0.5 51 71 tot 32t 5t Zn-65.1t 1 6/30/72 24 1 9 2 903G 1 6/30/72 = 0.5 75 58 1 9 50 t 6t 7/7/72 26 1 10 2 905G 1 7/7/72 = 0.5 41 63 2 4 25 t 9t 13 t 7/14/72 37 1 14 4 4 907G 1 7/14/72
- 0.5 22 32 25 t 72 3 41 7/21/72 1 9 2 3 3 910G -1 7/21/72 7.3 62 St 30t 19 i St 92 7/28n 2 10 8 Zn45.1 1 1 3 4 Note: no 909G exists 912H 1 7/28/72 - -
Sampler off 8/4n2 914H 1 8/4/72 = 0.5 23 11 33 i 62 8/11/72 1 10 3 916H 1 8/11/72 = 0.5 20 62 15 t 31t 91 8/18n2 22 8 7 2 918H 1 8/18n2 = 0.5 25 6t 11 26t Si St 8/28/72 2 1 7 5 2 9221 1 8/28/72 = 0.5 21 12 9t 9/Sn2 1 2 9208 1 9/8/72 a 0.5 12 9t 5t 9/15/72 2 3 9241 1 9/15/72
- 0.5
- 10 2t 20 t 6 i 9/22n2 1 8 2 926J 1 9/22/72
- 0.5
- 10 43 t 42 10/2/72 15 1 928J 1 10/2/72 = 0.5 10 79 2 6t 7t 2n-65. 3 t 1 i 10/6/72 39 4 4 930J 1 10/6/72 = 0.5 26 30t 38 t St 4 10/13/72 27 10 3 4 932J 1 10/13/72
- 0.5 28 St 23t 10/20/72 1 4 934J 1 10/20 n2 = 0.5 14 62t 11 20 tot 6i 10/27/72 22 1 8 7 2 936K 1 10/27/7h . J.5 15 56 2 11 6 5t 11/3n2 26 1 3 3 938K 1 11/3/72 1.4 18 24t 16t 13t 62 11/10/72 23 8 92 7 2 3 940K 1 11/10/72 1.0 21 72 2 11 1 71 32 11/17/72 24 7 2 3 942K 1 - 11/17/72 - 2.3 21 tot 91 61 61 IS/in2 13 5 4 1-944K 1 12/1/72
- 0.5 a 10 45t 2i tot 5 12/4/72- 22 1 2 3
, , .-,r,- -,--m.ce--e,-
70 Alpha Beta anRa *82r *Ru '"Ce '#Ba '87Cs as:Th ' 8't Lab. Sta sampung pCat pCat got pCW pCu cCat pCu pCd pCd pCd No. No Panod 1000m3 1000m8 1000m 1000ma In00m' 1000m2 1000m3 1000m8 1000m3 1000m3 Others pCitt000m* Ccmments 946A 1 12/8/72 0.5 11 78 k 28 t 27 24t 12/14/72 72 28 21 7 947A 1 12/14n2 = 0.5 11 15t 7t 61 8t 12/29/72 14 5 4 1 0000 2 6/24nt
- 0.5 293 248 t 53 t 143 Mn-54.1 1 7/2/71 180 3 43 8100 2 7/2/71
- 0.5 258 Sit 95 t 7/8/71 4 56 812G 2 7/8/71
- 0.5 181 28 t 79 t 7/15/71 3 48 814G 2 7/15/71 = 0.5 157 30 t 86 t 161 t 7/22/71 3 44 134 016G 2 7/2201
- 0.5 130 19 t 73 7/29/71 3 46 818H 2 7/29/71 = 0.5 179 13 i 8/6/71 2 820H 2 8/6/71 NR 59 8 42 t No a?pha runs until 836J 8/10/71 2 27 822H 2 8/10/71 NR 65 4t 8/27/71 2 8248 2 8/27/71 NR 42 7i 95 t 9/2/71 3 51 8261 2 9/2/71 HR 33 219 di 9/10/71 182 2 8288 . 2 9/10/71 NR 86 St 61 t 158 t 9/18/71 2 41 114 8301 2 9/18/71 NR 43 St 9/24nt 3 832J 2 9/24nt NR 71 3t 10/1/71 3 834J 2 10/1/71 NR 50 6t 99 t 10/11/71 3 46 436J 2 10/11 nt = 0.5 88 261 t 6t BeSin alpha runs eSain 10/18/71 211 3 838J 2 10/18/71
- 0.5 25 3t 10/23nt 2 840K 2 10/31/71
- 0.5 32 4 10/31/71 2 842K 2 10/31/71 = 0.5 27 No specific ruasurable 11/5H1 844K 2 11/5/71 = 0.5 60 No specific measurable 11/12/71 846K 2 11/12/71 = 0.5 70 t 11/19/71 46 848K 2 11/19/71
- 0.5 61 4 64 t 123 t 11/27/71 2 39 112 849L 2 11/27/71 = 0.5 71 4 94 t 12/4/71 2 46 850L 2 12/4 nt = 0.5 16 285 1 12/10 n 1 248 851L 2 12/10/71 = 0.5 50 St 12t 12/17/71 3 to 852L 2 12/17/71 = 0.5 42 32 82 12/24/71 3 47 853A 2 12/24/71 = 0.5 23 92 t 1/3/72 32 854A 2 -1/3/72 = 0.5 24 No specific measurable 1/8/72 455A 2 1/Sn2 = 0.5- 35 5t 49 t 1/15/72 3 47
. ~ , .
71 Alpha Beta risRa "2r *Ru *Ce *Ba ' 3'C s rarTh ' 2'l Lab Sta Sampung pCc pCu pC., pCs pCs pCe pCu pCa. pCu pCu
' No No Penoc 1000m3 1000m3 1000m3 1000m3 1000m) 1000m3 1000m2 1000m3 1000m3 1000ma Others pCi,1000m3 Comments 856A 2 1/15/72 4.6 406 483t 16 2 341 549t 1/21/72 267 4 66 16 8588 2 1/21/72
- 0.5 42 4t 100 t 1/31/72 2 33 8608 2 1/31/72 a 0.5 55 436t 4.3 t 2/4/72 362 4.3 8268 2 2/4/72 = 0.5 121 5 169 t 2/11/72 3 49 8648 2 2,13/72
- 0.5 5. 3 66 t 2/1?'72 3 48 8668 2 2/18/72 = 0.5 65 3t 115t 2/26/72 2 40 868C 2 2/26/72 a 0.5 38 No specific measurable 3/3/72 870C 2 3/3/72 = 0.5 76 4t 116t 3/10/72 3 46 872C 2 3/10/72 = 0.5 77 5t 103 3/17/72 3 45 874C 2 3/17/72 = 0.5 55 53 t 3/24/72 45 8760 2 3/24/72
- 0.5 137 41 129 t - 181 3/31/72 3 48 133 8780 2 3/31/72
- 0.5 46 7 214 4/7/72 2 46 880E 2 4/7/72
- 0.5 188 192 15 223 t 4/16/72 141 2 42 882E 2 4/16/72
- 0.5 25 229 t 8 174 t 4/23/72 181 3 51 884E 2 4/23/72 = 0.5 15 tot 197 t 5/3/72 2 35 886E 2 5/3/72 = 0.5 123 28 305 t 5/6/72 6 108 888E 2 5/6/72 = 0.5 125 lit 200 5/14/72 3 46 890E 2 5/14/72 = 0.5 134 241 i 13 t 224 t 5/21/72 174 3 52 892E 2 5/21/72 = 0.5 143 17t 282t 5/28/72 3 53 894F 2 5/28/72 = 0.5 194 21 297 15t 6/5/72 3 46 15 896F 2 6/5/72 = 0.5 172 28 t 145t 31 71 Besin use of least squares 6/12/72 2 18 6 5 program 898F 2 6/12/72 = 0.5 160 16 list 8t 81 6/18/72 1 14 4 5 900F 2 6/18/72 = 0.5 80 109 8 36 t 20 t 9t 42 6/23/72 30 1 11 10 3 3 902G 2 6/23/72 = 0.5 93 73 et 32 61 6/30/72 23 9 Zn.65. I t 1 1 2 904G 2 6/30/72 Samoler off
- 7/7/72 906 2 7/7/72 = 0.5 108 87 1 7 54 t 6t 7/14/72 29 1 Zn 65. I t 1 11 3 908G 2 7/14/72
- 0.5 42 34 1 62 47t 8t 7/21/72 26 1 10 2 911G 2 7/21/72 = 0.5 74 3t dit 11 6t 3t 7/28/72 1 8 6 2 2 913G 2 7/28/72 = 0.5 94 36 t 3 66 t 6t Zn.65,1 8/4/72 23 1 9 2 1
915H 2 8/4/72 = 0.5 43 2t 35 t 8t Zn-65. It 1 8/11/72 1 8 2
. , - ,_. I
72 Alpha Beta 32*Ra 88Zr Ru *Ce "Ba '8'C s 28a7h *t Lan, Sta. Samphng pCu pCe pCu pCd pCe pCU pCW pCV v.N No No Ponod 1000m8 1000m8 1000m8 1 8 1000m: 1000m8 1000m8 1000m 1000m2 1000m2 Others pCit1000m3 Comments 917H 2 8/11/72 = 0.5 34 46 t 3t 14 t 8/18/72 24 1 2 919H 2 8/18/72 = 0.5 37 3t 31 2 8 6t 8/28/72 2 7 3 2 9231 2 8/28/72
- 0.5 44 28 t 21 lit 52 9/8/72 19 1 2 3 9211 2 9/8/72 = 0.5 - 45 2 let 5t 9/15/72' 1 3 4 9251 2 9/15/72 = 0.5 - 24 1 14t tot 42 9/22/72 1 8 2 3 927J 2 9/22/72
- 0.5 .
- 10 36 2 11 Si 4 10/2/72 16 1 5 2 929J 2 10/2/72 a 0.5 30 56 t 13t 2n-65. 211 10/6/72 35 3 931J 2 10/6/72 = 0.5 33 It 19 71 13 1 52 Zn-65.1 1 10/13/72 1 9 7 2 3 933J 2 10/13/72 a 0.5 37 31 23 t tot 10/20/72 1 4 6 935J 2 10/20/72 a 0.5 28 19 2 15t let 10/27/72 10 8 3 937K 2 10/27/72 a 0.5 - 17 55t 82 41 42 11/3/72 22 2 2 3 939K 2 11/3/72 a 0.5 a 10 91 28 t 7 42 7t 11/10/72 8 6 2 3 7 941K 2 11/10/72
- 0.5 a 10 35 12 1 3t 11/17/72 19 6 2 11/17/72 - - Sampler inoperative 943N ' 2' 12/1/72
73 TABLE 5. GAMMA ANALYSIS OF TOTAL DEPOSITION SAMPLES mRa '8Zr *Ru ' 8' t Laboratory Date Size pCkm3 pCuma pCi/m2 pCiema Others Number Collected ' Location Description (kg) day -day -day -day pC4/ma. day Comments A272J 9/24/71 Station 1 Deposition Water 17.13 152t 117 A339J 10/15/71 Station ! Deposition Water 19.86 6 4 106t 72 H346K 10/31/71 Station 1. Deposition Water 6.53 SC4 t 483 6 5 120t 102 A34GL 12/4/71 Station ! Deposition Water 22 61 426t 227 3 3 78 t 49 A355L 12/17/71 Station 1 Deposition Water 0.15 None detected (MD) A383H 1/8/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 0.57 ND A384A 1/8/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 0.11 ND A4138 1/31/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 11.65 ND A4148 1/31/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 11.43 398t 342 A4218 2/11/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 3.17 1102 725 152 151 A4225 2/11/72 Station 2 Deposition Wa%r 9.05 1000t 723 A436C 3/3/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 8.06 ND A437C 3/3/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 5.73 ND A473D 3/31/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 19.74 508t 280 tot 3 138t 60 A467D 3/31/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 13 07 4t3 160t 58 49t 21 A497E 4/23/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 14.78 23 4 379t 83 Mn-54,12 12 A487E 5/3/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 6.01 723 100t 53 8203F 5/22/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 7.36 33t 5 386110189t 31 8202E 5/22/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 5.05 15 5 331 111 Ba 140. 22 15 8235G 6/23/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 14.03 34t 28 13 t 1 69 t 15 Th 232. 5 t 4: Cs 137,6t 3; Ba-140,72 3 8236G 6/23/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 19.78 litt 27 15 t 1 88 t 14 Th-232. 6 3: Zn-65,72 6: Ba-140,52 3 8284H 7/28/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 13.45 St1 63t 13 It1 Co-144, 32 13: Sa-140,6t 2 8205H 7/28/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 6.61 2 1 331 10 8a 140,6t 2 83461 8/28/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 19.52 5t1 36 16 Th-232.14 4: Ba 140,102 3 83471 8/28/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 19.12 20 12 Co 144,30t 13 Ba-140, 712 8348J 10/2/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 13.59 90t 25 3t1 672 13 Th-232. 5 t 3: Co 144,24 t 15: Ba-140,5t 2 B349K 11/10/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 10.03 106t 27 Th-232, 6 4:Zn-65, 716: Ba-140,82 3 8350K 11/10/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 10.97 55t 13 lit 1 Th-232,3 2 2: Cs 137,3t 2: Zn-65,5 2 3: Ba 140,321 8351L 11/27/72 Station ! Deposition Water 26.76 Cs 137,5t 5: Ba-140,1514 8352L 11/27/72 Station 2 Deposit 6cn Water 15.27 Ba 140,17 4 8353L 12/8/72 Station 2 Deposition Water 8.82 127 t 74 Ba 140,302 7 8354A 12/8/72 Station 1 Deposition Water 18.66 214 119 Cs-137,42 13: Ba 140. 242 8 8356A 17/29/72 Station 1 Deposition Water - 13.43 303 t 75 Cs-137, 30 9: Ba-140,262 6 8355A 1/5/73 Station 2 Deposition Water 7.64 141 t 47 Cs 137,22t 9: Ba-140,192 4 8357A 1/22/73 Station 2 Deposition Water 8.93 384t 62 Co 144,76t 37: Mn-54,122 7: Ba-140, 20 4 8358A I/22/73 Stat 6on 1 Deposition Water 19.69 490t 78 Cs 137,22t 9: Ba 140,22t 7
74 TABLE 6. THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETRY Normalized Dose in mR/30 Days for Penod Shown Station 6/30/72 6/30/72 9/8/72 10/6/72 11/10/72 12/8/72 1/5/73 2/5/73 number 9/8/72 10/6/72 10/6/72 11/10/72 12/8/72 1/5/73 2/5/73 3/2/73 MAX MIN AVG
- 1. 7.8
- 4.9 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.3 6.5 6.5 3.2 4.9
- 2.
- 4.7
- 3.1 3.3 4.0 4.2 7.2 7.2 3.1 4.4
- 3. 9.1
- 5.2 3.1 3.8 4.2 4.8 6.5 9.1 3.1 5.2
- 4.
- 4.4
- 2.9 3.3 3.6 4.6 5.2 5.2 2.9 4.0
- 5. *
- 5.2 2.8 3.8 6.3 3.8 4.9 6.3 2.8 4.5
- 6.
- 4.8
- 3.3 4.9 4.3 5.2 5.0 5.2 3.3 4.6
- 7. * *
- 2.7 3.3 3.6 4.5 6.9 6.9 2.7 4.2
- 8. 6.4
- 3.9 2.9 3.4 4.2 4.0 5.4 6.4 2.9 4.3
- 9. 15.6
- 6.1 3.2 4.3 3.8 4.1 5.5 15.6 3.2 6.1 24.4 28.3 28.3 21.8 24.8
- 10. 21.8
- 11. . 7.3
- 4.0 2.3 3.1 3.0 3.5 4.8 7.3 2.3 4.0
- 12. 5.7
- 4.1 2.6 3.3 4.3 3.7 5.1 5.7 2.6 4.1
- 13. 6.2
- 5.0 2.5 3.1 3.3 3.8 4.2 6.2 2.5 4.0
- 14. 6.3
- 4.1 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.9 4.4 6.3 2.9 4.0
- 15. 6.4 -* 3.4 2.4 3.2 3.1 3.6 4.0 6.4 2.4 3.7
- 16. * *
- 3.4 4.7 4.2 7.0 6.0 3.4 6.0 5.1 MAX 15.6 4.8 6.1 3.4 4.9 6.3 7.0 7.2 MIN 5.7 4.4 3.4 2.3 3.1 3.0 3.5 4.0 AVG 7.9 4.6 4.6 2.9 3.6 4.2 4.3 5.4 NOTES: 1) Station #10 is not included in the vertical statistics.
- 2) One standard deviation is typically 0.3mR at any station during any month.
- Not Determined.
TABLE 7. TRITIUM NETWORK SAMPLING 10/20/72 12/19/72 Site No. Description (pCi/ml) (pCi/ml) 1 Deep well 0.1372 0.031 0.108 0.020 2 Lake 0.103 2 0.021 0.098 0.034 3 USGS well 0.0172 0.017 0.168 2 0.031 5 Intake canal (l.C.) 0.0872 0.017 0.0832 0.028 6 Discharge canal (D.C.) 0.0792 0.020 0.0572 0.029 7 Marsh run off (D.C.) 0.0652 0.036 0.064 0.022 10 North bank. (D.C.) (not sampled) 0.051 0.019 11 South bank. (D.C.) (not sampled) 0.0782 0.034 15 North bank, (l.C.) (not sampled) 0.0752 0.033
75 TABLE 8. COMPARISON OF LEAST SQUARES AND SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS COMPUTATIONS Least Sq. Simult. Eqtn. _ Sample Nuclide Total pCi Total pCi 053H Ra 226 36812 2 1034 40369 2 1930 Sediment Th 232 - 1713 2 129 1276 2 141 Cs 137 1014 2 123 912 2 159 Zr 95 74228 80220 A205H Ra-226 418 2 162 1076 2 981 Shoal Grass Th-232 85221 452 83 Cs 137 16220 -124 2 90 Zr-95 40329 413 2 19 A212H Ra 226 6722 2 279 7069 2 1148 Sediment Th 232 571 2 36 363 93 Cs 137 121 2 30 96 2 96 Zr 95 5228 57 14 A223H Ra 226 2050
- 167 3793 2 1017 Sand Dollars Th 232 133 2 23 190 2 82 Cs 137 17219 172 80 Zr 95 1225 9211 A226H Ra 226 2357 2 177 3454 2 1018 Sea Urchins Th 232 87 t 24 77280 Cs 137 ~ 33 2 21 61281 Zr 95 .4726 46212 883E Ra 226 357 69 279 2 383 Air Filter Th 232 -0.629 -102 2 43 Cs 137 -4 7 33 34 Zs95 4223 38 6 TABLE 9. MINIMUM DETECTABLE CONCENTRATIONS (40 Min. Counts)
Radionuclide Energy Ge(Li) MDC Nal(TI) MDC (Mev) pCi/1 1.51 pCi/13.51 K 40 1.4'" 90' O.11 (91kg) Ra 226 0.1 22* 200 (1.66-1.87 Mev) Th-232 0.908 29 14 Cs-137 0.662 10 10 Zr 95 0.724 14 2.5 Ru 106 0.622 84 34 (0.44 0.57 Mev) 1131 0.364 8.8 6.3 Co-144 0.134 27 48 Zn-65 1.115 14 17 Mn-54 0.835 6.7 6.8 I l l 1
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- s SURVEILLANCE OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITE OF THE FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION, CRYSTAL RIVER SITE October 1 December 31,1972 STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES Radiological and Occupational Health Section Bureau of Preventable Diseases Division of Health Emmett Roberts, Secretary Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Dr. Chester L Nayfield, Administrator Radiological and Occupational Health Section Orlando Staff Wallace B. Johnson Benjamin P. Prewitt Jerry C. Eakins James Matarrese Robert G. Orth Henry Thur M. Melinda Geda Lucille Fisher
+-
79 PRE OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 4RYSTAL RIVER This report constitutes the radiological surveil-lance conducted at Crystal River during the period October 1 to December 31,1972. The following samples were collected and analyzed: Vector Sites Sampled Samples Collected Vegetation 10 10 Food Crop 1 1 Soil 0 0 Milk 1 1 Marine Biota 9 12 Seaweter 6 6 Surface water 3 3 Well water 6 6 TLD 5 15 Air Particulates 5 35 Air, lodines 5 35 Silt 4 4 Precipitation 2 6 134 am m en _
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81 GAMMA BACKGROUND AND ACTIVITY IN AIR PARTICULATES AIR PARTICULATES (pci/M3) Sampling Location 10-5 72 10 19 72 11-3 72 11 22 72 11 28-72 12 15 72 12 29-72 C04 < 1 pCl/m < 1 pCi/m < 1 pCi/m < 1 pC,i/m < 1 pC,l/m < 1 pCl/m < 1 pC,i/m C08
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C26 AIR IODINES (pCi/m3) Sampling Location 10572 10-19-72 11372 11 22 72 11 28 72 12 15 72 12-29 72 C04 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C07 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C08 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C18 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C26 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND GAMMA BACKGROUND (mrem /hr) Sampling Location 10 19 72 11-23 72 12-29 72 Mean C04 .019 .018 .017 018 C07 .017 .021 .016 .018 C08 .023 .016 020 .020 C18 .019 .020 .017 .019 C26 .022 .031 .020 .024 Mean .020 .021 .018 PRECIPITATION Gross Alpha-Beta (pCI/1) Sampling Location 10 19 72 11 30 72 12-29 72 C07 ND ND Analysis not complete CIS ND ND Analysis not complete Tritium (pCl/1) 10-19 72 11 30 72 12-29 72 C07 200 pCI/1 Analysis not complete Analysis not complete C18 200 pCl/1 Analysis not complete Analysis not complete Gamma Scan (pCl/1) 10-19 72 11 30-72 12 29 72 C07 ND ND ND 1 l C18 ND ND ND 1
82
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83 VEGETATION AND SILT Note: Data reported which are obtained from gamma spectroscopy have been calculated utiliz-ing the new "least squares" program. This pro-gram is still under development and these data are subject to review and revision. VEGETATION Sampling Sample Locatior: Date Type Radionuclides (DCi/kg wet) C01 11 28-72 Cabbage Palm Cs 137150 K404800 Zr 95-300 CO2 11 28 72 Saw Palmetto Cs 1?7 200 K40 3700 CO3 11 28-72 Cabbage Palm Cs 137190 K40-4900 C04 11 28 72 Cabbage Palm Cs 137 520 K-40 5000 C05 11 28 72 Cabbage Palm Cs 137-920 K-40-5900 C06 - 11 28 72 Cabbage Palm Cs 137440 K40-5600 C08 11 30-72 Cabbage Palm K40-5700 Zr-95-310 C09 11 30 72 Cabbage Palm K40-7300 C11 11 29-72 Cabbage Palm Cs 137140 K-40-5400 Zr 95-330 C12 11-29-72 Cabbage Palm Cs 137 540 K40-5700 SILT Sampling Location Date Radionuclides (pCi/kg) Strontium 90 C01 11 28 72 Th-232 280 Ra-226-2100 Analysis not complete C09 11 30 72 Th-232-350 Ra 226 2000 Analysis not complete C13 - 11 29-72 Ra 2261900 Analysis not complete C14 11 29 72 Th-232 240 Ra 226-2400 Analysis not complete
84 9
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85 BlOTA Sampling Sample Location Date Type Radionuclides (pCi/kg wet) Strontium 90 C01 11 28 72 Hard Teil Jack K40 3000 Analysis not complete C08 11 30 72 Blue Crav K 40-2600 Ra 226-2100 Analys's not complete C11 11 29-72 Pin Fish K40 3900 Ra 2261100
- Analysis not complete C12 11-29-72 Oysters Ra 226 850 Analys:s not complete C13 11 29 72 Fish, Unclass. K-40 2700 Analysis not complete C14 11 29-72 Fish Unclass. K 40-2800 Analysis not complete C2O 11 29 72 Mullet K-40 2500 Ra 226-700 Analysis not complete C21 11 29 72 Fish, Unclass- K-401300 Th 232 380 Analysis not complete Insert 13 COI 11 28-72 Marine Algae Ra 226 510 Analysis not complete C09 11 30 72 Marine Algae K 40-3900 Th-232-640 Ra 226-510 Analysis not complete C13 11 2? 7 Marine Algae K 40-6600 Th 232-390 C14 11-29 ,2 Marine Algae K 40-3900 ALGAE Gamma Analysis Gross Site Type Date 1131 Ba140 Cs137 K40 Ce144 Rul06 Zr95 Mn54 Th232 Zn65 Ra226 Cs134 CoS8 Co60 Beta C01 11 28 72 510 C09 11 30-72 3900 640 510 C13 11 29 72 6600 390 C14 11 29 72 3900 MILK Gamma Analysis Site Type Date 1131 Bal4o Cs137 K40 Ce144 Rul06 Zr95 Mn54 Th232 Zn65 Ra226 Cs134 CoS8 Co60 C25 Milk 11 30 72 20 1500 FOOD CROP Gamma Analysis Site Type Date 1131 Ba140 Cs137 K40 Cel44 Rul06 Zr95 Mn54 Th232 Zn65 Ra226 Cs134 CoS8 Sr90 C19 Oranges 11 30 72 2100 220
86
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87 WELL WATER (pCi/1) Sampling Location Date Ganima Scan Gross Alpha / Beta C07 11 30 72 ND Alpha ND Beta 3.14 pCi/1 CIO 11 28 72 ND Alpha - ND C18 11 28 72 ND C22 11 30 72 ND C23 11 30 72 ND C24 11 30-72 ND SURFACE WATER (pCi/1) Sampling Location Data -Gamma Scan Gross Alpha / Beta C15 11 28 72 ND Alpha ND Beta 14 pCl/1 C16 11 28 72 ND Alpha ND Beta ND C17 11 28 72 ND Alpha - ND Beta . ND SEAWATER (pCi/1) Sampling Location Date Gamma Scan Strontium 90 C08 11 30 72 ND Analys s not complete C09 11 30-72 ND Analysis not complete a C11 11 29-72 M 40 390 Analysis not complete C12 11 29-72 ND Analysis not complete C13 11 29 72 K 40 - 420 Analysis not complete C14 11 29 72 K-40 380 1 I
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SURVEILLANCE REPORT PINELLAS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT George R. McCall Staff Mrs. Russell Hobbs The following data are a summarv of air moni-toring results and rainfall collections taken in St. Petersburg, Florida for the period January-March,19'/3. The approximate air volume on which the determinations are based was 2100 cubic meters for the 48 hour sampling periods and 3100 cubic meters for 72 hour periods. The counting equipment consists of a thin end window (2mg/ cm2) Geiger Mueller tube coupled with a Packard Mod. 410A scaler timer system. On each occa-sion, the instrument is standardized against a 32,000 pci Strontium 90 calibration source of dimensions identical to the air filters.
91 PINELLAS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT RADIATION SURVElLLANCE QUARTERLY REPORT JAN.1,1973 - MAR. 31,1973 DATE AIR RAINFALL REMARKS (1973) Gross Beta Activity (mm) (pCi/m3) 1/2 0.07 0 1/3 0.198 0 1/5 0.073 0 1/8 0.127 0 1/10 0.159 0 1/12 0.062 37.1 mm 1/15 0.089 0 NOTE: On January 15,1973 the 1/19 0.015 air sampling method was 1/22 53.8 mm changed from high vol-1/24 23.15 mm ume, half time with 3 1/26 0.05 filter changes per week to 1/29 37.35 mm low volume continuous 2/2 0.06 with weekly change. The 2/7 6.4 mm filter now in use is a 47 2/9 0.05 mm membrane filter with 2/12 18.15 mm 5 micron pore size. 2/16 0.08 16.88 mm 2/19 14.30 mm 2/23 0.04 3/2 0.08 3/9 0.02 3.425 mm 3/12 21.50 mm 3/16 0.025 5.60 mm 3/21 18.52 mm 3/23 0.028 3/26 55.8 mm 3/30 0.029 George R. McCall TNblic Health Physicist. Div. Radiological & Occupational Health 4 . _ _ , _ _ . - - ~
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k* ~ PROGRAM AT THE P.L. BARTOW POWER PLANT, WEEDON ISLAND, TAMPA BAY: PROGRESS REPORT University of South Florida Department of Marine Science i by Norman J. Blake Larry J. Doyle Thomas E. Pyle Roger Zimmerman Graduate Assistants James Feigi Nancy Holsing Carolyn Stiles < Gary Waldo I l l 1
95
- 1. INTRODUCTION acres owned by Florida Power Corporation at the northern end of Weedon Island. The landfill A. Research Plan covered portions of the bay floor and connected Florida Power Corporation initiated a two year Weedon Island proper with Mud Hole Island and survey, including a six month start up period, two other un named islands (USGS,1956, of the benthic marine environment of the area 1969; see Figure 1). Excavation of shell mounds in the proximity of the P.L. Bartow Plant on in this area (Fewkes,1924) and findings of a Weedon Island, Tampa Bay, in June,1972. This distinctive group of artifacts have led to use of project was conceived in order to assess the the name "Weedon Island" to describe a pre-marine benthic environment adjacent to an historical cultural phase of the southeastern operatir g power plant. It will provide baseline United States.
data on the marine benthic environment prior to an increase in the rate of oil deliveries to the C. Summary of Plant History and Design Bartow Plant in 1974. In addi9on, this assess- Dredging operations for the plant site fill com-ment will allow a better pre-operational estimate menced September 28, 1956, and were com-of the impact by a similar power plant under pleted more than 1% years later on June 21, construction at the mouth of the Anclote River. 1958. Maintenance dredging operations in the Ongoing programs include studies of the water intake / tanker dock, and channel were distribution of selected benthic invertebrates, most recently carried out from 080015 May the distribution of the major seagrasses, the 1972 to 1430 30 August 1972. Maintenance sediments as substrates for benthic inverte- dredging of the discharge channel inside the brates and benthic grasses, sediment tempera- bulkhead line was completed on April 16,1969. tures, and monthly surveys of 1518 hour dura- The first of three existing power generating tion to determine tidal variations of hydrography units was turned on September 30,1958. This and water quality. The surveys are coordinated unit, rated at 125 megawatts (MW) and a m:xi. with aerial photographic dye studies of circula- mum temperature rise of 19'F, operated alone tion. A synopsis of the results of these programs for three years. The rate of cooling water use to date is given in the following section. at that time was 110,000 gallons per minute In order to assess the effect of the power l (GPM), equivalent to discharge velocities of i plant upon the benthic community, additional approximately 0.785 ft/sec (0.47 knots) in a ' programs this year will include a study of in channel 5 ft. deep x 60 ft. wide, situ metabolism of the benthic community of Construction of units 2 and 3 began October the intake and discharge areas and transplanta- 9,1959 and May 16,1961, respectively. Unit tion of the seagrass, Thalassia testudinum, from 2 became operational on August 19,1961. It is the intake area to the discharge area. The trans- rated at 125 MW, has a maximum temperature planted grass will be monitored for possible rise of 15'F and has a ficw rate of 110,000 metabolic stress: thus, an existing condition will GPM. Unit 3 became operational on July 25, be linked with an experimental manipulation of 1963. It is rated at 232 f.*W, has a maximum the benthic community. temperature differential of 19'F, and has a flow rate of 170,000 GPM. B. Site Description Thus, the Bartow Plant in its present con-The Paul L. Bartow Plant of Florida Power Cor- figuration generates a maximum of 482 MW of poration is located on the west side of the mouth power, heats 390.000 GPM of cooling water of Old Tampa Bay, the northwest arm of the with a composite maximum of 18'F, and re-Y shaped Tampa Bay estuary. Figure 1* shows leases it at a velocity of 1.65 knots. the plant and its environs. The plant lies just Although long term data on plant operations
. north of the St. Petersburg City boundary on a landfill of 675 acres which is a portion of 2,725
- Figures and Tables are shown on op.100 through 115.
wmg summmu m 4.- v _ s p, p n - - - - ^ " * * ~~
96 - are not yet complete, what information is avail- these (transects I and 11) are duplicates of tran-able (mainly for 1969 70) indicates a maximum sects taken during the summer of 1972 (Pyle measured intake temperature of 91*F and dis- et al.,1972). The dominant vegetation con-charge temperature of 105'F,(July,1969). A sisted of three seagrasses, Thalassia festudi-summary of water temperature data for 1969 num, Diplanthera wrightii and Syringodium till-is given in Table 1. According to a FPC report forme with Syringodium being the most wide-the salinity of intake water " based on a 5. year spread. The beds were largely subtidal and average" is 21,700 ppm NaC1. extended offshore to 560 meters (transect Ill). Average load uata for 1971 are given in These margins roughly correspond to water Table 2. These show that en the average, Unit depths of one meter. (MLW). 1 operated at 69.6%, Unit 2 at 70.4%, and Two species of algae, Gracilaria sp. and Unit 3 at 76.3% of rated capacity during this Ulva lactuca were extensive in their area cover-year, age south of the intse along transect 111 (Figure 1). Within the small embayment along transect D. Acknowledgments lil, Gracilaria was the only benthic vegetation The authors express their gratitude to the Flor- represented and covered the otherwise bare ida Power Corporation for the financial support mud. In deeper water along transect lil, UIva of this program. The cooperation of Ken Garri- dominated and occurred above seagrass beds son, Joe Johnson, and Karen Wilson is especially as well as above non vegetated sandy bottom. appreciated. Transects IV and V (Figure 3) included part We also wish to thank Dr. Joseph Simon of a large area between the intake and effluent for his assistance in polychaete identification. channels. The dominant vegetation again was His cooperation was invaluable for this initial seagrasses which occurred in beds delimited on study. the north by Gandy Bridge Channel and on the David Wa!! ace of the Marine Science Depart- east by waters deeper than one meter at mean ment of USF contributed significantly to the low water. These beds varied in size and density operation of the program. John Mashburn, Larry and contained non vegetated sandy areas which Kershaw, Jim Gugliotti, and Val Maynard are caused the overall aspect to be oro of patchi-acknowledged for their technical support. Mar- ness. Grasses in order of abundance were Syrin-garet Harvey and Don Riggins are acknowledged godium, Diplanthera and Thalassia. This area for their enthusiasm and willingness to learn featured seagrass habitat characteristics similar invertebrate taxonomy and sorting techniques. to those of the intake area, but lacked any major coverage by algae. Transects VI and Vil (Figure 4) portray ben-II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION thic vegetational conditions in the effluent area. A. Benthic Vegetation When compared to the intake and adjacent Seven 'ransects were surveyed in order to areas, differences are striking. Diplanthera was establiah major benthic vegetation during the the only seagrass encountered and its coverage 1972 1973 winter period. These transects was limited. Most of the bottom was non-focused primarily upon the intake and effluent vegetated firmly packed sand. The effluent areas where benthic vegetational coverage was channel and Gandy channel were not vegetated.
- estimated at 10 meter intervals. The results also serve as ground truth for assessment of B. Benthic Invertebrates aerial photographs taken during the same in the summer of 1972,216 bottom samples period. were taken from the intake side of the Bartow Transects I,11 and 111 (figure 2) paralleled Power Plaat in order to obtain preliminary in-the intake channel, and included areas both to formation for establishing a valid benthic sam-
' the north and south of that channel. Two of pling program. Six stations were occupied along
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97 each of two transects (Figure 5). At each station, begins. If similar results are obtained, it will be 14 samples were taken with a 9x9 cm bottom assumed that seven of 9x9 cm samples produce , sampler and 4 with a 15x15 cm bottom sampler. a valid indication of the majority of species in l Both samplers penetrated to a depth of 20 cm. the area. ; Each sample was washed through a 0.5 mm . sieve and fixed with 10% formalin. The samples C. Sediments ' were sorted and the species were identified Figure 5 shows the location of sediment samp es ,
' wherever possible. taken up to the time of preparation of ials '
In any benthic sampling program, sorting report. Samples hav3 been taken to correspnd , and identification of species involves a great to the location of biological samples so that ' amount of time and personnel. Before determin- parameters relative to the sediments as sub-ing the number of samples to be taken in a strate for benthic invertebrates and benthic particular sampling program, one must con- grasses can be determined. Sediments of the sider the amount of time required for sorting. area are relativaly u.iiform. They consist chiefly j For this initial investigation approximately 800 of moderately well sorted to very well sorted manhours were required to sort the samples fine sands. Silt and clay size material makes up and to identify species. The 15x15 cm samples less than 5% of the sediment sampled thus , required approximately 9 hours of sorting time far. Most samples have 1% to 3% gravel size ! per sample and the 9x9 cm samples required material consisting of shells and shell frag- l approximately 3 hours. ments. The sample just south of the turning A total of 10 phyla and 67 species were basin contains about 12.5% gravel sized shell identified from the samples taken in this survey material. Distribution curves for analyzed (Table 3). Additional species will undoubtedly samples are near symmetrical and are lepto-be added to this preliminary check list as sam- kurtic. Leptokurtic curves indicate that the cen-pling in the area continues. Identification of tral portions are better sorted than the tails. species belonging to abundant groups such as Poor sorting in curve tails reflects the shell and amphipods and ostracods remains to be made. broken shell making up the gravel portion of the i Figure 6 shows the cumulative number of samples. Relatively well sorted central portions
]
bivalves and polycreetes at six of the stations of the curves reflect the predominant fine sand 1 plotted against the cumulative number of 9x9 component of the sediments. cm samples. Two curves are evident since two No relationship between parameters of sedi. different habitats, grass and sand, were ment grain size and the distribution of benthic sampled. More bivalve and polyr.haete species invertebrates or the major seagrasses is ap-were present at the 4 grass statior;s than were parent at this stage of the study. More extensive present at the two sand stations. As the number analyses of sediments within the study area of 9x9 cm samples increases, more species of will be conducted to complement further benthic bivalves and polychaetes are added. Seven of community sampling. the 9x9 cm samples yielded 82.3100% of the total number of bivalve and polychaete species D. Synoptic Surveys collected with 2-3 additional samples. Four of 1. General Statement the 15x15 cm samples failed to yield as many Monthly synoptic surveys consist of sampling species as six of the 9x9 cm samples even 21 stations at least four times during a tidal though the total area sampled by six of the 9x9 cycle. Samples are taken for nutrient analysis; cm samples was less than % of that sampled dissolved oxygen; turbidity; water color; tem-by four of the 15x15 cm samples. perature; and salinity. In addition, continuous Two additional stations (grass and sand) measurements of current, tidal height and water will be similarly sampled on the effluent side of temperature are made at selected sites. Station the plant before a seasonal sampling program locations and instrument placement are shown l l l - . . _ l
98 in Figure 7. Sediment temperatures are taken Ulva factuca ard other algae commonly associ-at 2 cm and 10 cm depths on flood and ebb ated with polluted areas. tide. These measurements are coordinated as needed with aerial photographic studies of dye 3. Salinity and Temperature plume movement and water circulation. Salinity of the study area has varied little over a tidal cycle during any individual survey con-
- 2. Tide and Currents ducted thus far. However, there are significant l Tidal curves for the surveys conducted on Jan- differences between surveys. Salinity varied uary 19,1973, and February 20 22,1973, are from 31.0% to 32.2% over the study area shown in Figures 8 and 9. They show amplitude during the period of the January survey and (relative to an arbitrary zero, not to sea level) from 26.6% to 26.8% over the study area i and timing of the tidal stages. They serve pri- during the period of the February survey. While marily as a reference for relation of other data short term (over a tidal cycle) changes in sal-l acquired during the surveys. inity are small, seasonal variations may be Current patterns and maximum velocities significant. To date, only stations 16 which lie on flood and ebb tides are shown in Figures 10 in the small boat channel north of the power through 13 for the January and February sur- plant and stations 7 9 in the ship channel east veys. Circulation patterns were similar both of the plant show stratification. As expected, months. On flood tide, water south and east of the shallow water elsewhere appears to be the plant moved north up the Bay as expected. vertically well mixed.
North of the plant, water moved to the west. Water temperatures over the study area have in the Bayou northwest of the plant water moved varied significantly within each survey period, south southwesterly. Flood tide deflects the ef- reflecting the effect of heated discharge from fluent jet of heated water to the west. the plant as well as solar heating over the shal-On ebb tide, water east and south of the low water zones. Current data indicate that the plant modd to the southeast back down the heated power plant effluent is deflected west of Bay, North of the ,alant and east of the dis- north by a floeding tide. Some of this heated charge canal, water generally moved to the east water is moved by the tide into Masters Bayou and to the east southeast. The discharge plume northwest of the power plant. On ebb tide some spread out north of the plant. West of the dis- of this already wa -er water moves out of the l charge canal water moved to the south toward bayou and south toward the plant on the west the plant. Water adjacent to the shore on bA side of the discharge canal (see Figures 10 and sides of the discharge canal flowed toward the 12). Eventually, it becomes re entrained in the discharge jet on both flood and ebb tides. This effluent plume. On ebb tide, heated effluent nearshore water becomes entrained and mixes also spreads east over a broader area north of with the jet of heated water. the plant. Dye, current, and temperature data Station 13 (Figure 7) is located in an area indicate that some water moves east through of poor circulation. Dye dropped at this station the natural channel north of the plant. Some of on November 28,1972, showed essentially no this water may be eventually recirculated movement over a complete tidal cycle. Dye re- through the plant. leased at 8:15 A.M. was still visible from the Figure 14 shows the areas subjected to air at 4 P.M.: the longest period we have ever heating by the thermal discharge from the observed a dye release in the Tampa Bay region. power plant. The darker shading represents This area of poor circulation is the location of about 230 acres, which has been subjected to the waste disposal pipe from the power plant. a 3'C to a 5'C temperature rise over ambient Aerial photography also shows that the area at some time during a survey. The lighter shad-where the dye remained correlates with a dense ing represent about an additional 500 acres. patch of benthic vegetation later identified as which has been subjected to a 1*C to a 3*C
99 temperature riso over ambient at some time and February surveys (Table 4). Little variation during a survey, was observed with tidal changes. In general, the Ambient temperature is taken from Station water column contained only a small amount of 12 southeast of the power plant. Water depth suspended materiai. and bottom type are similar to those of the area Nutrient concentrations dm*ng the two sur-of the heated discharge, north of the plant. veys are shown in Table 4. No tidal influence Water in the deeper portions of the bay to the was observed and mean values were generally east and in the ship channel near the intake similar to values reported for other areas of have been 1*C to 2.5'C colder than water at Tampa Bay (Baird et al.,1972). Masters Bayou Station 12 during mest of the time covered by contained the highest nutrient values, probably the surveys to date, as a result of sewage effluents.
- 4. Sediment Temperatures Ill. REFERENCES
, On March 2,1973, sediment temperatures and water temperatures were measured in the area Baird, R.C., K.L. Carder, T. Hopkins, T. Pyle, to the north adjacent to the power plant. Sedi- and H.J. Humm. Anclote Environmental Project ments showed quick response to water tem- Report 1971. Mar. Sci. Inst., U. of South Florida, peratures over a tidal cycle, reflecting the highly 251 pp. porous, permeable nature of the sands which comp-ise the sediments in this area. Sediment Fewkes, J.W.1924. Preliminary archaeological temperatures at 2 cm and 10 cm were within explorations at Weedon Island, Florida. Smith-
%' of temperatures of the overlaying water sonian Misc. collections, 76(3):1 26.
column on both flood and ebb tides. Sediment temperatures in the shallows west of the dis- Pyle, T., N.J. Blake, L.J. Doyle, J. Seagle, and charge canal were between 3*C and 5'C warmer J. Feigt. The benthic invertebrate community than ambient sediment temperatures at similar adjacent to Weedon Island, Tampa Bay, Florida. depths south 9 the ship channel. Environmental Status Report of Florida Power
- 5. Dissolved Oxygen. Corporation, July, August. September,1972,
. Dissolved oxygen values for the January and 118 123. February surveys showad little variation be-tween stations or with time of day. However, U.S. Geological Survey: 1956. Port Tampa, when temperature differences are considered. Florida quadrangle map; 7.5 minute series (top-the percent saturation ranged from 63% to ographic,, cale 1:24000. 119%. The lower value occurred in Masters Bayou, an area receiving domestic sewage. The U.S. Geological S.trvey:1969. Port Tampa, Flor-119% saturation value occurred in the area of ida quadrangle mcp: 7.5 minute series (topo-the thermal plume where the turbulence of the graphic), scale 1:24000. Photorevised. effluent contributes to aeration. Most important is the fact that during the two surveys the dis-solved oxygen values in the area of the intake and effluent canals did not fall below 7.9 ppm, a level which is considered adequate for marine life. Subsequent surveys during the summer months should yield lower values but it remains
. to be seen if they will reach a critical level.
- 6. Nutrients and Turbidity Turbidity was generally low during the January
100 TABLE 1 WATER TEMPERATURE
SUMMARY
FOR 1969 (*F) DATA PROVIDED BY FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION Intake Discharge High Low Mean High Low Mean January 66 56 61 79 64 71
, February 68 57 63 82 68 75 March 70 58 64 84 66 75 April 79 71 75 94 80 87 May 84 76 80 97 87 92 June 89 83 86 104 93 99 July 91 87 89 105 89 97 August 89 87 88 103 94 99 September 86 80 83 101 94 98 October 85 80 82 100 86 93 November 79 59 69 92 71 82 December 66 59 63 79 68 74 Note: These " averages" are the mean value between high and low; thus, are not necessarily a 30-day " average".
TABLE 2 1 AVERAGE LOAD DATA FOR .??1 Unit Rating (MW) Average hourly Load 1971 (MW)* 1 125 87 2 125 88 3 232 177
' Note these average load figures are based on total MWH generated divided by 8760 hours / year.
b I l 1 101 TABLE 4 PRELIMINARY CHECK LIST OF bU4THIC INVERTEBRATES (greater than .5mm) INTAKE AREA OF F.P.C. BARTOW PLANT Platyhelmmthes Mollusca Arthropoda spp. Gastropoda Crustacea Prosobranchia Ostracoda Rhynchocoola Mesogastropoda spp. spp. Centhandae Cirnpedia Bittsum vanum (Pfestfer) Balanus (balanus) eburneus Gould Annehda Calyptraeidae Malacostraca Oligochaeta crepedula maculosa Conrad Mysidacee sp. Naticidae Myssdopses begelowi W. Tottersen Polychaeta Natoca pusella Say Taphromysos bowmam Bacescu Polynoideo Senum perspectivum (Say) Cumacea spp. Neogastropoda spp. Phyllodocidae Isopoda ifteone heteropoda Hartman Columbelhdae Anaches avara semaphcata (Sterns) spp. NenphyNa fragshs (Webster) y,treHa lunata (Say) Amphipoda Nassanedae spp. Hes omdae Nassanus viber Say Decapoda Gyptss vettata Webster & Benedact Marginelhdae Penamedae Podarke obscura Verrili Prunum apocmum (Menkel Penseus duorarum duotarum Burkenrood Opisthobranchea Palaemomdae Sylhdae Tectibranchu spp- Ponchmenes americanus (Kingsley) Atyidae Heppolytsdae Needae Naminosa sucernea (Conrad) Hippolyte sostencola (Smith) SDP- Retusidae Toreuma carohnense Mmgsley Nephytyndae Refusa canahculata (Say) Aglaophamus vernfli Processidae F yramsdeindae Ambedeuter symmetncus Rouse Glycendae Turbonena conrads Bush Calhanassadae Glycera amerecana LeidY Nudibranchia Upogebse affir 3 (Say) Comadedae spp. Pagundae SDD- Pelecypoda Pagurus bonastensis Schmitt
. Onuphids'a Deopatr cuprea (Bosc) Protobranchia Pagurus sp.
Onuphus eremota oculata Hartman Nucuhdae Leucosudae Nucula prossma Say Persephons punctata anuntonaris Rathbun Eumcdae Fi!obranchia Xantheda s Morphyse sp. Mytikdae Neopanope tenana temann (Stsmpson) Se i os rubra (Webster) Lucin = Scoloplos sp. Lucma multshneata Tuomey A Holmes Paromdae Cardadae Phoronida ragnhs Webster yh* *'#'** '""'*~ ( *"'*O '*"" # " ' * * ' Hasta menbosa WghM) Sepun
- P a nas fue ens (Levinsen) y,$n*#da sp Spiomdae Telbna tampeenses Conrad Apopnonos do pygmaea (Hartman) Telkna versocolor Denay Mmuspeo it agebrancheata Resch Echmodermats Sanguinolarudse Asteroidea Parannonos.we amnata ([hlers) Tegelus divisus Spengler Luidda clathrata (Say)
Polydora quas bbata Jacobe Tegelus pleboeus (Lightfoot) Ophiurcedea Polydora so. . Solemdae Opheophragmus falograneus (Lyman) Polydora kgm Ensas mmor Dan Scolelepos tenana Holothuroides Streblospeo benedicti Webster Synacta sp. Magelomdae Magelona pettsbonese Jones Hemichordata Chaetoptendae Enteropneusta Spiochaetopterua costarum oculatus Salanoglossus sp. Cirratuhdae Chordata Caunenene so. Urochordata Tharys dorsobranchnahs (Kirkegaard) spp, Ophehedae Cephalochordati Travssna so. Capeterledae Branchrostoma canbaeum Sowe" val Capete#a capstata (Fabnctus) CapsteHa so. Heteromastus fehformes (Claperede) Notomastus hemopodus Hartman Maidamdee Clymene#a mucosa (Andrews) f%enudae Owoma fuseformas s eeHe Chiage Pectmartidae Pectmaria goutdol Verrtll TerebeNidae spp.
~ -. . -
102 - TABLE 4 NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS AND TURBIDITY VALUES DURING TWO SYNOPTIC SURVEYS IN THE AREA OF THE BARTOW POWER PLANT a PO*P NO*N NOa N NH6N Sios-Si TURBIDITY (ppm) 'opm x 102) (ppm x 102) (ppm x 102) (ppm x 102) ' (J.T.U.)
. jan.19,1973 mean 3.05 0.10 0.30 0.80 46.90 3.0 N 93 92 92 93 93 93
, range 2.96 3.13 0.0 4.78 0.11 1.39 0.5 4.8 15.0 169.0 1.8-8.0 i Feb.21,1973 mean 2.89 0.60 0.20 0.70 27.2 5.6 N 98 98 98 98 98 98 range 1.48-3.81 0.02 2.66 0.08-0.90 0.30 3.20 9.4 133.0 3.5 24.0 e 'c-
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Ils l i Jh i i il i 2V 3 t 0Id : - Iwh 0 ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT April 1973 i Prepared for: FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION by DEPT. OF MARINE SCIENCE University of South Florida 830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Fla. 33701 i l l
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119 The Anclote Environmental Project Report for dations made in the Environmental Report, 1972 prepared by the University of South Florida 1972, are again made at this time. The non-Dept. of Marine Science has recently been pub- diked discharge canal configuration with pos-lished and the information included in this sec. sible increased sed: ment loads, especially during tion of the Status Report is a summarization of dredging, and thermal discharge onto adjacent that document. grass beds, remains as a potential source of environmental impact. In addition the present INTRODUCTION report indicates that entrapment of marine or-ganisms, particularly fishes, is potentially a The Anclote Environmental Report for 1972 significant problem at the cooling water intake, summarizes data from the last full year of study The last year has seen the addition of two prior to alteration of the environment by power new faculty members to the staff of the Marine plant construction and operation. Much of the Science Institute. both of whom expect to take basic characterization of the Anclote environ- an active role in future Anclote research. Dr. ment is contained in the three Environmental Norman Blake, a benthic invertebrate ecologist Reports to date. The results of sampling pro- from the University of Rhode Island, is now par-grams not yet complete or ready for analysis ticipating in the benthic program at Anclote will appear in subsequent reports. This partic- while Dr. Larry Doyle, a sedimentologist from ular report contains the initial results of the the University of Southern California, will be phyto zooplankton survey and primary produc- involved in certain geological studies. tivity studies, reports on seagrass morphology and density in conjunction with the benthic survey, and the results of fish studies in the
SUMMARY
bayou adjacent to the proposed intake as well as 1. Water currents in the Anchorage are tidally further information on the physical and geo- and wind driven, with the latter becoming domi. logical aspects of the area. In general the nant for winds in excess of 15 mph. considerable diversity and complexity of the 2. A map of the topography and flora of the 'x Anclote environment implied in the earlier re- plant site prior to construction has been ports continues to be documented. assembled. With much of the basic descriptive charac- 3. The arithmetic mean of all 120 turbidity terization of the Anclote environment complete, measurements for the Anclote area was 12 JTU. the overall direction of the project will change. However, short term variability was high, depen-Individual studies will begin to focus on specific dent on winds and tides, and recordings from 2 areas in order to determine more precisely the to 63 JTU's were observed. Many transects indi-extent of possible environmental impact. The cate higher turbidity in bottom water than at nature and degree of short term fluctuadnns 6 the surface. the environment will be examined in grener 4. Turbidity and particle count studies indicate detail (e.g. tidal, diurnal, weather) as well as the that turbidity and suspended particles are lowest refinement of quantitative methods for docu- ! over grass M.ls and that these areas appear to menting change for any given sampling program. act as sediment filters and traps.
!n addition a more detailed analysis of tidal 5. Sand is the dominant sediment throughout flow, flushing rates and current patterns should the length of the Anclote River channel (grain enable us to understand more fully many of the sizes - 125 250 ). Sands were again the domi-characteristic fluctuations presently observed, nant sediment in the adjacent " Dead Fish Pass" as well as gain insight into the extent of possible bayou adjacent to the proposed intake channel.
change from construction and plant operation. 6. Primary production in the Anclote Anchorage As little has changed concerning details of (2.5 m depth) was relatively high in the warmer plant construction and operation the recommen- months (May-September) and annual produc-
J 120 l tion in surface waters was 54 gC/m3 and 93 between 34 g/m2 and 670 g/m2 gC/m2 for the water column. Daily prnduction 17. In general, the biomass peak between the is intermediate between nutrient poor open Gulf inner and outer seagrass bed margin occurs at and Biscayne Bay waters and the more eutrophic depths between 0.2 and 1.5 meters (mean low Hillsborough Bay. . water). Biomass drops sharply near the. outer-7.- Primary productivity yielded highest statisti- seagrass margin. cal correlation with chlorophyll (0.69), light 18. The outer seagrass margin occurs in pro-
- (0.65), and temperature (0.64). gressively deeper water northward away from
- 8. Eighty seven species of diatoms were found the mouth of the river, at four stations in Anclote waters from October 19. Seagrass species, densities, and biomass in to August. Of these. 71 were benthic (tycho- Anclote Anchorage appear similar to habitats plankton) and 16 planktonic. found in Redfish Bay on the Texas coast.
- 9. Thirty eight species were common to all sta- 20. In Boca Ciega Bay a disturbed estuary south tions with greatest diversity in December, Febru- of Anclote Anchorage, biomass values were re-4 ary, and March (41 species) and least for Janu- ported much lower than those found for Anclote.
[ ary and April (22 species). 21. Fifty species and 15,651 individuals were 10.. Peaks in total zooplankton, holoplankton collected from the bayou adjacent to the pro " and meroplankton occurred during the warmer posed power plant intake canal at Anclote. I months; the minimum occurred during the cooler 1,955.3 kg (4,302.7 lbs) of fishes were removed months. Average total zooplankton numbers for from the 2.51 hectare (6.20 acre) bayou in six all stations was 123,900/m3 quantitative seasonal collections. , -11. The principal holoplankton species as in _
- 22. The average biomass harvested per collec-other Gulf coast estuaries were the copepods tion was 129.8 kg/ hectare (115.8 lbs/ acre) and
- - Acartia tonsa, Oithona brevicornis, O. nana and 71.4% of the biomass collected in the bayou a- Paracalanus crassirostris and the appendicu- represented carnivorous fishes.
> tarian Oikopleurs dioica. 23. Patterns of movement which depend on ' .12. Larvaeof benthicinvertebrates(meroplank- temperature (season), photoperiod, tidal cycles,
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ton), primarily mollusc, polychaete and cirriped and ontogeny are a dominant ecological characg ~ larvae, averaged 19% .of total zooplankton teristic of shallow water marine fishes.
- 24. The abundance and patterns of movinient 1 numbers; copepod larvae -(nauplii) averaged
- 48% of total zooplankton numbers. in fishes near the proposed power plant ir.take ! 13. Statistical analysis indicates highest cor- indicate a potentially significant problem of fish l relations between zooplankton numbers and entrapment for the. cooling water intake system. terhperature (r = 0.62) and food (r = 0.67) as j measured by chlorophyll. 14.' Species of benthic algae in 9 recognizable habitats at Anclote are listed and discussed as ' - well as the morphology and mode of development of the seagrass Thalassia. ! 15. Seagrasses in the western anchorage on the protected ' side of Anclote Keys are largely pure
. stands of Thalassia and Diplanthera. Infralittoral
- ' biomass during summer moidhs range between 110 g/m2 and 521 g/m2 f !' .16. Seagrasses in the eastern anchorage along the mainland shore are largely mixed stands of i Thalassia; Diplanthera,~ and Syringodium. Here infralittoral plant biomass during the summer is i (
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