ML19317G465

Quarterly Environ Status Rept,June-Aug 1970

ML19317G465
Person / Time
Site:	Crystal River
Issue date:	08/31/1970
From:	FLORIDA POWER CORP.
To:
References
NUDOCS 8003160075
Download: ML19317G465 (65)

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i As a matter of responsible citizenship and good business, Florida Power Corporation, as a prime corporate policy l

and goal, is taking every meaningful step to protect the environment from !

any adverse effects that might result from the production, transmission and ;

distribution of electricity. Sound planning l of each new facility coupled with complete operational surveillance programs and timely evaluations of l each potential pollution source will provide the necessary information for attaining our stated goal.

Ongoing research programs, education of Company personnel and working knowledge of existing techniques and control equipment will always remain at a level consistent with the desired upward trend in Company environmental competence.

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A. P. Perez President

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Page 3 i GENERAL 3

11 SITE METEOROLOGY PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 3 111 MARINE ECOLOGICAL PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 4 IV MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM (CRLTAI RIVER)

A. AerialThermal Mapping Results B. University of South Florida Research 4

V PREOPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY (CRYSTAL RIVER)

A. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilita.Sve Services B. University of Florida Department Environmental Engineering 6

VI CONCLUSIONS 7

Vil APPENDICES 8

A. EnvironmentalInvestigation at the Anclote River Plant Site 14 B. Florida Department of Natural Resources Marine Ecological Program Quarterly Report 18 C. Cornell Aerial Thermal Mapping Report 30 D. University of South Florida Discharge Plume Report 42 E. University of South Florida Discharge Plume Research News Release 44 F. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services News Release 46 G. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Radiological Survey Report 48 H. University of Florida Radiological Report 52

1. University of Florida Radiological Research News Release 53 Vill FIGURES 54

1. Location of FPC Power Plant Sites on the Gulf of Mexico 55

2. Temperature, salinity and depth measurements by the University of South Florida at Crystal River Plant 55

3. Oceanographic equipment in use by the University of South Florida at Crystal River Plant 56

4. Thermal measurements by the University o.f South Florida at Crystal River Plant 56

5. Buoy System testing at Crystal River Plant 57

6. Buoy System testing at Crystal River Plant 60 IX DISTRIBUTION LIST

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QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT l

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I GENERAL of all these activities and wish to stimulate gen-Li eral understanding among the researchers. On

' This is the official report covering Florida Power October 13,1970 a joint conference is planned Corporation's environmental activities for the to allow the various research groups to interact Crystal River Nuclear Plant since June 20,1970, and to provide State and Federal regulatory As initiated in the previous report, environmental agencies an opportunity to examine, first-hand, efforts at the generating site (fossil fueled plant the ecological work at Crystal River. We are hope-only) being developed on the Anclote River near ful that future meetings and frequent working Tarpon Springs, Florida, are reported in Appen-level exchanges of information and ideas will be dix A for the period since June 20,1970. Please the result.

refer to the location of the Crystal River and in attendance at this meeting will be Florida Anclote River sites as shown in Figure 1.

Power Corporation's first staff ecologist. We are Proposed environmental research efforts particularly pleased to introduce Mr. Kenneth through the facilities of our State Universities, Prest, a graduate in biology from Florida Pres-as discussed in the previous report, have been byterian College. Mr. Prest's principal responsi-consummated. A study at the Crystal River site, bilities are to perform liaison, coordination and entitled " Environmental Surveillance for Radio-technical evaluations of the research programs, activity in the Vicinity of the Crystal River Nu-y, clear Plant: An Ecological Approach," is being 31 SITE METEOROLOGY PROGRAM conducted by the Umversity of Florida. Arrange-3j j g (CRYSTAL RIVER) ments have also been completed with the Florida uepartment of Health and Rehabilitative Serv-Data acquisition has continued at the Crystal ices for financial support of its "Preoperational River plant site meteorc!cgical station at the 30 Radiological Survey in Crystal River Florida Vi-and 150 foot altitudes as discussed in the pre-cinity." Similar contractual developments are vious report. The monitoring equipment installed discussed in Appendix A with respect to the at the 30 foot altitude in early June 1970 has Anclote site.

now yielded data verifying some anticipated Meetings have frequently taken place with minor differences in meteorological characteris-governmental agencies, the scientific commu.

tics between this location and the 150 foot point.

nity and conservation interests concerning the Compilation and analysis of the Crystal River environment and Florida Power Corporation. The site meteorological data, which now includes two exchange of information, ideas, and philoso.

years of monitoring, has enabled Florida Power phies, with these persons and organizations is Corporation and NUS Corporation to prepare the of tremendous value to the Company in develop-report on " Site Meteorology" which will be a ing its understanding of public and scientific part of the Crystal River Nuclear Plant Final concerns and regulatory philosophies. Contacts Safety Analysis Report.

since June 20,1970 include: the University of Miami Rosentiel School of Atmospheric and k

Marine Science, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, d

MARINE ECOLOGICAL PROGRAM j b j (CRYSTAL RIVER) la Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Suncoast l

Active Volunteers for Ecology, Florida Depart.

This program remains in full operation with ex-ment of Air and Water Pollution Control, Con-perimental work both at the Crystal River plant servation Seventies, and the Florida Department site and at the Florida Department of Natural cf Natural Resources.

Resources Marine Research Laboratory in St.

Florida Power Corporation is most anxious Petersburg. In Appendix 8, of this report, there to act as catalyst as well as coordinator for its is a complete copy of the " Quarterly Thermal power plant environmental research activities.

Addition Progress Report to Florida Power Cor-We are particularly interested in the overview poration" for Apni-June 1970. This report was

4 veritten by the Marine Research Laboratory, Bu-We are particularly concerned that, in spite of reau of Marine Research and Technology, Divi-early application, several prerequisite permits sion of Marine Resources, Department of Natural for positioning the buoys have not been granted Resources of the State of Florida under the su-at this time. Without these permits the Program pervision of Mr. Robert Ingle.

has been denied critical research data on sum-mertime discharge plume characteristics. In Ap-

!i [ A.,RINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM pendix E is a copy of the news release concern-ing the Jomt effort of MSI, FPC and ECI.

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(CRYSTAL RIVER)

A. Aerial Thermal Mapping Results k PREOPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL The Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory aerial ther-C SURVEY (CRYSTAL RIVER) mal mapping report on measurements taken at e

Crystal River plant has been received. The length A. Florida Department of Health and Rehabili-of the report prohibits complete publication in tative Services this report. Select portions of the Cornell report An agreement was reached in late June for Flor-are shown in Appendix C.The results portion rep-ida Power Corporation to financially support the resents the discussion of Crystal River measure-State radiological survey at Crystal River. A true ments. The attached data presentation is limited copy of the news release by the Florida Depart-to data taken on April 21 and July 25,1969. On ment of Health and Rehabilitative Servic'es re-both of these days Crystal River Unit #1 operated garding this agreement is shown in Appendix F.

at approximately 400 megawatts. Crystal River Monthly meetings are continuing between the Unit #2 was still under construction at that time.

Department and Florida Power Corporation. The July meeting was held at the State radiological B. University of South Florida Research (USF) laboratory in Orlando, part of which included a The in-depth heated water discharge plume in-most informative tour and briefing on the facili-vestigation at Crystal River by the Marine Sci-ties. Appendix G contains a report from the Flor-ence Institute (MSI) of the University of South ida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Florida, begun on tune 2,1970, is well under-Services concerning their efforts at Crystal River way. The first quarterly report has been receivad during the past three months.

and is included in.iopendix D. Preliminary measurements to date Save been made with B. University of Florida Department of Environ-portable instrumentation via small power boat mental Engineering (Figures 2, 3 and 4). The detail of measure-An agreement was reached on August 3,1970 ments allows refined mapping of the heated with the University of Florida (UF) to conduct water discharge plume. This report has been for-radiological-environmental research at Crystal warded to all the other environmental research-River. This study is in progress. Appendix H ers at Crystal River.

contains a report on activities at Crystal River The Oceanographic Data Acquisition System to date. Excerpts from the UF-FPC contract are designed and constructed to University of South shown below:

Florida specifications by Electronic Communica-tiont incorporated (ECI) is now ready for instal-

1. Objectives lation at Crystal River. As discussed in the pre-The broad objectives of an environmental moni-vious status report, this system is a complex of toring program for radioactivity are as follows:

fifteen buoys capable of accurately monitoring (1) To gather extensive and accurate informa-water temperature at various depths and trans-tion on the preoperational levels of radiation and mitting this information to a shore station at any radioactivity existing in the environment. This desired frequency of time. Figures 5 and 6 show information is essential in interpreting the the actual buoy, during testing at Crystal River.

operational surveys after the start-up of the

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the particular situations often indicates that cer-(2) To obtain information on the critical nu-tain nuclides and certain pathways are more clides, critical pathways and critical biological important than others. These pathways are des-groeps associated with uptake of radioactivity ignated as critical. Great judgment is necessary into the human food chain. This information is in desning ecosystem components of which the helpful in designing the operational survey. It folhwing aspects have to be considered:

will also provide a basis from v6lch project per-

1. The location and age distribution of poten-sonnel can interpret the resu.ts in terms of the tially exposed groups actual or potential exposure to man. To the ex.

2. Dietary habits; especially foodstuffs peculiar tent possible, exposure levels will be estimated.

to the area or exported from the area (3) To test and exercise the methods and pro-

3. Special occupational habits, such as fishing cedures that will be used in later operational

4. Most important are the ecological foodwebs radiological surveys.

that exist in nature that may lead to biological (4) To gather baseline data that will provide a concentration of nuclides in certain foods basis for comparison with future levels of radio-

5. The nuclides to be released, their activity, activity in the environment in the event that their physical and chemical form, and the claims are filed against the plant as a result of method and route of release suspected or real contamination.

6. The existing or expected presence of these (5) An often-overlooked objective of a pre-oper-nuclides from other sources ational surveillance program is improved public

7. The behavior of the released nuclides in the relations. Early reporting of complete, factual environment and comprehensive data will serve to gain public

8. Natural features of the environment which confidence.

affect the behavior of released nuclides, e.g.,

(6) A final objective is to provide the personnel climate, topography, pedology, geology, hydrol-of the power company with experience, training ogy and hydrography, and vegetative cover and confidence in the area of environmental

9. Man-made features of the environment which monitoring.

affect the behavior of released nuclides, e.g.,

reservoirs, regulated streams or rivers and har-

2. Ecological Approach to Envircnmental bor installations Surveillance

10. The utilization of the environment for agri-Early environmental monitoring programs were culture, fisheries, water and food supplies, in-often designed with map, compass and a general dustry and recreation review of a rather narrow group of selected media The objectives underlying the environmental and sampling procedures. In recent years, there surveillance can be attained using the principles has been a great deal of discussion and writing of ecological systems analysis. In such an ap-that refers to environmental surveillance pro-proach, the ecosystem is resolved into defined grams being approached from the ecological compartments and pathways through which en-standpoint. Most notabic is the report of Com-ergy flows and material is cycled. In terms of mittee 4 of the International Commission on element cycling, the analysis is mathematically Radiological Protection. The committee outlined rigorous and is limited only by the level of so-the principles of environmental monitoring as phistication in field sampling and subsequent related to various types of nuclear facilities. They laboratory analysis. The rigor results from the recognize that in most cases where radioactive precise mathematical functions which describe materials are introduced to the environment, compartment and pathway dynamics, there will be numerous and complex pathways Ecologists, by studying ecosystems, attempt bywhich each of the released radionuclides may to elucidate the relationships existing among cause exposure to plant life, animals and man.

organisms and their environment. The non-living Experience has shown that a detailed study of or abiotic components of an ecosystem consist

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of various elements alone and in combinations as compounds. Living components of an eco-system may be placed into seven groups which are determined on the basis of eating habits.

3. Responsibilities and Recommendations Project personnel will be expected to provide recommendations on the design, redesign, oper-ational policies, and similar plant factors based upon the results, observations, conclusions and other pertinent information on degrading en-vironmental factors and will not necessarily con-sider economic aspects or engineering feasibil-ity. However, consultations will be held with Florida Power Corporation as appropriate to assist them in determining practicable solutions to problems in this area.

Please note in Appendix I the news release con-cerning this research project. We are particularly pleased at the student involvement in this pro-gram. There are seven faculty investigators for-mally involved in this prciect with backgrounds ranging from biology to nuclear engineering.

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CONCLUSIONS Enthusiasm associated with vigorous research in understanding the environment at both An-clote and Crystal River plant sites is character-istic of both the researchers and Florida Fower Corporation. We must continue, however, to re-mind each other that our first and utmost goal is to provide the people with reliable electric service and a protected environment. This is a tough proposition, but with a concerted effort by the utility, researcher and government there will be a satisfactory solution, in this spirit, comments, criticism and suggestions concern-ing our environmental activities will be most welcome. Should further details of any of the l

aforementioned research activities be desired, do not hesitate to contact us.

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ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGAT!ON AT THE ANCLOTE POWER PLANT SITE in mid-July, an agreement was reached with the University of South Florida Marine Science Institute for a research project entitled "An Ecological Environmental Study of the Anclote River Estuary and Adjacent Gulf of Mexico." Contained herein is a copy of a summary of the news release relating to this project. Also included is a brief report of research activities to date si the Anclote site.

We are particularly pleased with student interest and involvement in this project. The entire faculty at the Marine Science institute is actively involved in this research. Following are excerpts from the research agreement between FPC and USF.

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pay $]qf]bsq]j%jf,j]%}q]%ji y; f,q i,J 3 d 3 3 i V j d $ 3 J \\J d d h. d STUDY OF THE ANCLOTE AREA The Marine Science Institute of the University major elements of the flora and fauna. of South Florida will conduct a detailed environ-e) To evaluate possible environmental effects mental study of the Anclote River estuary and of various inflow-outflow canal plans and con-adjacent Gulf of Mexico as outlined below. Plan-denser-cooling water designs in order to provide ning and supervision of the study will be done recommendetions calculated to minimize ad-by the present full-time faculty members of the verse effects upon the environment and before Institute. While this proposal covers an initial the time of final design fixation late in 1970. three-year study, it is the intention of the Ma-rine Science Institute to continue the research Goals of Subsequent Years: into the period of plant operation at Anclote in To follow up the pre-construction environmen-order to determine with accuracy the effect tal analysis and description with a monitoring of plant operations on the environment in the program that will detect and permit description area. These continuing studies will be subject of any and all effects on the environment aris-to the desires of the management of Florida ing from the plant operation. These studies will Power Corporation. continue for an indefinite period, subject to de-sires of the Florida Power Corporation, and the Goals of the First Three Years: Marine Science Institute faculty will make ree-a) To delimit an area of the A iclots River estu-ommendations to the Florida Power Corporation ary and adjacent Gulf of Mexico that may for practical solutions to problems of environ-be affected by cooling water and other activ-mental degradation, should they occur following ities related to construction and operation of operation of the plant scheduled for 1974. the proposed generating plant at the Anclote River mouth. Scope of the Environmental Studies: b) To define and describe this environment An ecological study such as we have proposed j prior to construction of power generating fa-and outlined below requires a detailed investi-l cilities with sufficient accuracy and thorough-gation of the physical and biological character-ness to provide a sound and adequate basis for istics of the area to be delimited, including all the detection of any and all effects of construc-seasonal and other fluctuations or chan"es. Ma-tion and operation of the Anclote River generat-r%e eco!cgical studies of the past have rarely ing complex, analyzed a given environment in sufficient de-l c) To assess and analyze environmental study tail to permit a thorough understanding of the projects associated with other power plants relationship between that environment and the around the country in order that we make every plants and animals living within it, such as we l possible t;se of the results of other studies as we plan to do at Anclote. I proceed with the work at the Anclote site includ-In view of the complexity of the project, for-ing possible uses of heated water for maricul-mulation of detailed procedures and precise ture, to improve artificial reefs or in other ways. duration of each facet of the work requires more l d) To assess as accurately as possible histori-information than is avaliable to us at the present cal changes in the Anclote River area with ref-time. As the study progresses and information erence to fishing, water quality, distribution of becomes available, details of the scope and pro-

9 cedures as well as duration of each line of inves-effects of the plant operation are detected, tigation will become clearer and more specific. described, and remedied to whatever extent The following section of this proposal pre-is feasible. sents a general outline of the various subdivi-After the Anclote plant goes into operation sions of the work and has been used as a basis in June,1974, the work in the environment will 1 for the general estimate of costs indicated in be specifically directed toward recognition and the budget section. description of the effects of plant operation on The work outlined will begin as soon as fea-the environment. Faculty of the Marine Science sible after full approval of this proposal and institute involved in the work will make recom-j will proceed periodically or continually through-mendations designed to provide acceptable so-out the period of time authorized by this pro-lutions or counteraction of any effects regarded posal, and will continue thereafter, subject to as deleterious, and every effort will be made the desires of the Florida Power Corporation, to manage environmental changes so that they until an adequate understanding and definition will be beneficial from the standpoint of the of the environment is acquired, and until the public interest. nPWS release FLORIDAP Y FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE AUGUST 10,1970 The University of South Florida and Florida Based on the scientific findings obtained by Power Corporation have signed an agreement the Marine Science Institute of the University for USF to conduct a complete ecological study of South Florida, Florida Power Corporation will of the Anclote River-St. Joseph Sound area determine locations of plant condenser cooling where FPC proposes to begin operating a new canals. Thus established, Florida Power will ap-plant in 1974. This is the first time the marine ply to regulatory agencies seeking approval to environment will have been thoroughly investi. locate its heated water discharge canals in such gated, evaluated and included in original plant a way so as to create the least effect on the sur. design concepts several years before a power rounding area, plant is placed in operation. Eleven graduate student assistantships will Initially funded at $164,596, the new pro. be sponsored under this program to stimulate gram will begin in August,1970, and continue student interest in and awareness of industrial until after plant operation. The study will ac. environmental efforts. This is an investment in curately record environmental conditions in the better understanding by future leaders of effec. geographic area of the plant. Studies of plant tive solution of environmental problems. and animal life will be conducted including exist. It is hoped that these studies might un. ing water conditions in the area being fully ob. cover new ways to use heated waters from elec-served and recorded. Scientists representing all tric generating plants for marine cultivation. four major subdivisions of oceanography-bi. Thus, a beneficial use for heated waters may o!cgy, chemistry, geology and physics - will be be developed. involved in the work.

10 7 ? i IT L i 0 4 Vi liz TO FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AT ANCLOTE RIVER Bacteriology. Microbiological work at Anclote to from pollution sources, especially sewage. We date has been concerned with the idea that ma-are using a procedure that is more accurate rine luminescent bacteria would serve as good than that used by the public health laboratories, indicators of the condition and general nature one that gives us a count of the total bacterial of a marine environment. They have never been population (of aerobic, mesophilic, hetero-used in this way, to the best of our knowledge, trophs, at least) along with a count of the coli-and no technique has been developed for their forms. In addition we will be making a count of l enumeration. These bacteria have the ability to another group of bacteria that apparently has l emit readily visible light (in darkness) when not been done in marine waters in the past, i their colonies on culture media are in the loga-those capable of denitrification, that is, of rithmic growth stage. breaking down nitrate or nitrite compounds Miss Karen Wilson, graduate student in the and releasing nitrogen gas. These bacteria re-Marine Science institute, has been working on duce the fertility of marine waters,if abundant, this problem for about ilx weeks. In that time. and we are using a technique to enumerate and she has developed a techniaue for the accurate evaluate their importance that apparently has counting of luminescent becteria in water sam-not been used in marine waters in the past. pies and we plan to writa up her procedure for publication in a technical journal in the near fu-Benthic Algae and Seagrasses. Many collections ture as it may prove to be of value in all parts of of marine algae from a variety of habitats at the world where there is a marine environment. Anclote have already been made and a good Miss Wilson finds usually from 2 to 20 many of the algae determined and studied by luminescent bacteria per ml of water from the graduate students David Ballentine, Andrew Anclote area. (There are about 20 drops in one Rehm, and Kenneth Tyson. Benthic algae are ml.) It appears that the number per ml. is di-not especially abundant in the area and it ap-rectly related to the chemistry of the water pears that this fact may be a result of the pollu-sample, and correlations of this nature are now tion brought into the area by the Anclote River. being sought. She is also engaged in the study One of the most common of the red algae l of laboratory cultures of these bacteria, and it found so far is Digenia simplex, a large species i appears that there are at least two species. One that is famous in the Orient as a source of a outcome of the laboratory work will be the iden-vermifuge that is extracted, purified and used tification of these bacteria to species; pure cul-to eliminate intestinal round worms from people ture studies will also bring out the degree of in China, Korea, Japan, and the Philippines. sensitivity of these bacteria to salinity, tempera-This species apparently has never been studied l ture, and other water characteristics and their in Florida waters as a possible source of a drug value as indicator organisms, from the sea, and we hope to initiate a project Work has also begu'i on the conventional to do this, perhaps with financial support from consideration of the so-called coliform bacteria a pharmaceutical firm. Two other common red i in Anclote waters, bacteria that are definitely algae in the Anclote area are Gracilaria foliifera not marine in nature but get into marine waters and Hypnea musciformis. Gracilaria is a source k

l 11 of agar of commerce in many parts of the world ords of sizes and ages of certain of the fishes and Florida G. foliifera contains as much as 40% have been made. Quantitative samples of bot-agar on a dry weight basis. Hypnea is of great tom invertebrates have been obtained by the interest to Marine Colloids of Rockland, Maine, use of a meter square frame tossed onto the as a source of " kappa carrageenin," a valuable bottom at random. All organisms within the gel forming stabilizer used in a host of products frame are collected. It has become obvious, of commerce in this country. The present raw however, that only certain groups of these or. material, however, is mainly the red alga " Irish ganisms can be analyzed by the present staff moss" of the New England and Canadian At-because of the quantity and variety obtained. lantic coast. We think that Hypnea can be Those that cannot be dealt with as the work cultivated profitably in Florida, especially if progresses will be saved with the hope that fu-warm water from a power plant is.available ture graduate students will study them, as all during the cooler months of the year. It grows manner of associated data will be available to rapidly only if the water temperature is 88* F. interpret these studies, or above. Graduate student David Ballentine has The Physical Environment. In connection with chosen as his master's thesis a study of the the ecliections and analyses described above, benthic algae that grow upon leaves of sea. data has also been gathered on the physics and grasses in the Anclote area. Although Mr. Ballen. chemistry of the water. This work has, initially, tine is not employed this fall on the Anclote lagged behind the biological work because of project, he will be working on this project. the need for more instrumentation and avaifa. KnowledSe of the distribution of benthic algae bility of boats. Records of the Anclote waters on seagrasses should serve to indicate the distri. have already been made with an instrument bution and concentration of several pollutants, known as a "S T D" (salinity, temperature, Mapping of seagrass beds in the Anclote depth). This instrument simultaneously records area has Just begun. This work will be impor. these water characteristics as it is towed be-tant to a monitoring of environmental quality hind a boat. The distribution of the bacteria, in the future. Seagrass beds are readily dam. plants, and animals can be related to these aged by rollutants. nd other water characteristics or ecological factors of the environment. Plankton. Many plankton samples have been Completion of the field station at Anclote taken by three graduate students working in the will greatly expedite the environmental studies Anclote area under the direction of Dr. Thomas now well under way. L Hopkins. These samples and water samples taken with them are now being analyzed in the September 22,1970 laboratory, the various plankton organism be-Ing counted and identified. Plankton blooms such as " red tides" associated with pollutants will be detected as well as inhibition of plankton populations. A E4 7 invertebrate Animals and Fishes. Several gradu-Harold J. Humm, Director ate students working under the supervision of Marine Science institute Dr. Ronald C. Baird have made extensive col-lections of the invertebrates and fishes of the area. Some of this material has already been studied in the laboratory and determined. Rec-

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.. :1 - is .{ j.l#~h;$ %i j445 6%# ii d E }" ,j ') 'l f [ sf THERMAL ADDITION REPORT I TO FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION FOR APRIL, MAY AND JUNE 1970 BY MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES --~

15 Crystal River Field Laboratory this experiment that long term exposure to ele-Sinco the completion of the first twelve months' vated temperatures, at least with the oyster, sampling and the initiation of bimonthly rather are not beneficial. than monthly samples, most field laboratory ef. Thermal effects personnel have also been forts have been directed toward analysis of the in the process of analyzing and interpreting their first year's data for pubilcation. There is a tre-data in preparation for the writing of the first mendous mass of data involved in these analyses year's report. The process is laborious and diffi-but the resulting publication will be a base line cult due to the complexity of the problem, and with which all future work will be compared, the multiphasic approach which must be utilized Consequently, it must be as complete and accu. in a study of this type. rate as riossible. Group meetings will be held to discuss re-Two of the months during this quarter (April suits and to correlate all information before any and June) were scheduled for sampling and positive statements can be made regarding the these were completed. The resignation of Mr. effects of thermal effluents on the oyster. Ed McGrath in early June might have caused The closed system being installed in the tem-some delays, but personnel from the Main Labo-perature control rooms is almost complete and ratory assisted project leader Churchill Grimes should be in operation by next quarter. and all sampling procedures were completed on schedule. Mr. Joe Mountain was then transferred Respectfully submitted, to Crystal River at the end of June as a full time replacement for Mr. McGrath. ff } A new sampling technique was also initiated 4GM A In June and consisted of the establishment of three permanent seining stations. These will pro-Edwin A. Joyce, Jr. vide better representation of fish species and Supervisor, Marine Research Laboratory will also be important in determining the effects of thermal addition on postlarval and juvenile [7 fishes and invertebrates. j Y gy9e in general, samples reflected the increasing temperatures through an increase in species Stanley W. Morey compositian and in the numbers of juveniles Marine Biologist taken. No great differences were noted between the samples taken this year. 13 August 1970 St. Petersburg Laboratory The St. Petersburg laboratory has completed cc: Joel Rogers Crystal River Lab the final experiment to be included in the prelim-Sen. R. Hodges J. Wi!!iams inary thermal effects report. Experiment To-8, H. Shields Archives which was designed to evaluate (1) the effect of R. M. Ingle T. E. Bull. Bd. gradual temperature elevation, and (2) effect of E. A. Joyce high temperature over an extended period, S. W. Morey proved to be quite interesting. Chambering, an anomaly seen during peri-ods of stress in oysters, was noted in this experi-ment. Profuse bleeding of oyster meats was evi-dent upon shucking as was cellular disruption. It is apparent from the information gathered in

17 ~a ~ _5 ff'l b Nfdb5 3d2/\\ 2J t r a

18 A DVPCgf% Q t.rAbbil V LV i FROM TECHNICAL REPORT CORNELL AERONAUTICAL LABORATORY, INC. BUFFALO, NEW YORK 14221 kte AERIAL INFRARED MEASUREMENTS OF WATER SURFACE TEMPERATURE PATTERNS AT THE CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT ONE AND HIGGINS POWER STATIONS FINAL REPORT Contrcet No. P.O. 23882 June 1970 Prepared For: Fiorida Power Corporation P.O. Box 14042 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 INTRODUCTION red flightt to obtain water surface temperature measuremants were made between 17 April and This report presents the results of a study con-23 April 1969 under low tide and high tide con-ducted for the Florida Power Corporation by the ditions. The plant was shut down for routine Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc. (CAL) un-maintenance during the first two flights (17 April der Contract No. P.O. 23882. The objective of and 13 April). Two additional infrared flights the study was to obtain aerial infrared measure-were made at Crystal River on 25 July 1969 ments of the heat release patterns associated under low tide and high tide conditions. During with Unit 1 of the power complex located near all flights, measurements of surface and sub-Crystal River, Florida, and the Higgins Plant on surface water temperatures were made from a Old Tampa Bay. The power complex in the Crys-boat to ootain calibration data for the aerial tal River area lies on the Gulf of Mexico approxi-measurements and to observe the vertical be-mately midway between the mouths of Withla-havior of the discharge plumes. For all flights, coochee and Crystal Rivers. A large number of except the first, salinity measurements were also tidal marshes and creeks are present in the area. made from a boat. Two infraied flights were The Higgins Plant is located on Booth Point in made at the site of the Higgins Plant on 29 the northern region of Old Tampa Bay between and 30 July 1969 under high tide and low tide Safety Harbor and Mobbly Bay. conditions. At the Crystal River site a total of five infra-The aerial infrared data were used to derive

19 i L l isothermal plots of water surface conditions for diometric data, it can be seen that the plume is each of the flights. Analysis of the salinity and not well defined (see Figure 8) after it leaves 1-t>mperature data for the Crystal River site indi-the discharge canal. A number of temperature cated that the differences between the salinity measurements were taken near the end of the of the discharge waters and the salinity of the discharge canal (see Figure 9 and Table lil). receiving waters had a significant effect on the Figure 10 indicates that the vertical temperature vertical behavior of the discharge plume. structure varied as much as 2.5'C (4.5'F) from the surface to the bottom waters. The plume RESULTS sank very rapidly at about 3000 yards out in the i discharge canal during low tide, in the afternoon i for the flights conducted at Crystal River on of April 21 during high tide, aerial measurements April 17 and 18,1969, the plant (Unit 1) was of water surface temperatures were made (Fig-shut down for routine maintenance. Therefore, ure 11) and salinity and temperature data (see j the data obtained during these flights under Figure 12 and Table IV) were collected in the dis. high and low tides represent the natural tem-charge canal. As can be seen from the graphs perature distributions. The isothermal map for (Figures 13 and 14) and the isothermal map the April 17 flight under high tide conditions is (Figure 11), the plume sinks quite rapidly in the shown in Figure 4. A summary of the tempera-region 1000 to 2000 yards from the discharge ture data obtained from the boat is presented point during high tide. i in Table 1. Figure 5 indicates the locations at A flight was made on April 23 under north-j: which the boat measurements were made. From east winds. The isothermal contours are shown a preliminary analysis of these initial measure-in Figure 15. Salinity and temperature measure-ments, it was decided to obtain salinity data for ments were made in the Gulf (see Figure 16 and i subsequent flights at Crystal River to assist in Table V). The engine on the boat failed, prevent-analyzing the mixing of the river waters with ing detailed measurements in the canal from the Gulf water. The isothermal map for the April being made. 18 flight at low tide is s'hown in Figure 6. The On July 25 when the Gulf temperatures were I l temperature and salinity data obtained from boat near their maximum values, two additional measurements are given in Table 11. The loca-flights were made in the vicinity of the Crystal n tions for the boat data are shown in Figure 7. River Plant under high tide and low tide condi. From Figures 4 and 6 it can be seen that the tions (see Figures 17-23 and Table VI). Due to temperature distribution is fairly uniform over late hour of the low tide flight, no boat measure-the area where temperature data were recorded. ments were made outside the discharge canal. 1 { The temperature varies between 2 and 4 degrees These data provide information on how the Fahrenheit with the higher temperatures being plume behaves under an approximate 400 mega. in the shallower waters near the shore. watt power load. l On April 21 two flights were made, one at Ccmparison of the spring and summer data low tide and the other at high tide with the plant - indicates that the differences in salinity and tem-l operating at full power load. Salinity measure-perature between the surface and the bottom j mants taken in the mouths of the Withlacoochee are less in the summer, suggesting that the and Crystal Rivers indicated primarily fresh wa-plume is less stable as ;t sinks to the bottom in ter during low tide. During high tide, a wedge the summer months. A marked increase in salin- / of salt water appears to move along the bottom ity can be observed in the mouths of both rivers from the Gulf in_to the Rivers. On the morning during the July period. In April, the salinities of April 21 during low tide, the wind was light were on the order of 0 to 3 parts per thousand out of the northeast. The expected plume was (0/00), while in July the concentrations were i. ' thought to.be traveling southwest. From the ra-on the order of 10 parts per thousand. d o .%.m_, .re ....~< -.___m_,.,.-_~m_m_._m. s ve wm,..__ _r._mwmmw., w--- r 3 r-. m.

20 ) n' witutAc00cnEE alvEn yg. LUT8 ELL Q gy '** 71-71* 71* g c' f 9 DRUM 72* I 8. \\ PLANT ,p 71* 'I, k ~] SITE \\1 o t 71 72 73* SLACE 70 P0 int 2 g y,, fi. l 70* ,e ( - yg. SHELL ISLAND 74* # e I / CaySTAL tlV C 71* 71* n- 'o \\ 71* 72* a I /\\ 7t* a METEOROLOGICAL Con 0lT10ns h flME 0445-1140 wind OltECT10m 20' (N.N.E=) ula0 VELO

• lit. MPH

1. -2 LAt U 0 TY '

54 SCALE 5200 ft. = Figure 8 ISOTHERMAL MAP - DERIVED TEMPfe4Tutt tu DE6 TEES F FROM APRIL 21,1969 FLIGH., PLAuf LOAD. 209-323 Mme AT CRYSTAL RIVER Ava 209 *e AT LOW T1DE ~ y.

21 I gy ..,....y.. ..p.q....., 4 i i hm i j 4.-. 4 4..- 4. 4. ._1 7. L .;. i....;.. 28 i. p--4 4. i. 4 sg. i 2 I v.... 4. E 78 M = i s : i 2....;...4.._'a. X -. e.._.4._ ~4 4 t.- 78 m 4. .- 4....;......;.. TEMPERATURE t. 4

s 4

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..... +..;. 4......-..i _ r _; 23 ----4-* m ~ 0 -- - BOTTOM TEMPERATURE '"" f f o SURFACE TEMPER ATURE 73 ? U '"i" " i""" t"'"- t H 72 -.r..... t. s .. +.. _i....+...;.... 22 e- -.-- 4.- - t --..t-. - +. E'ND OF CANAL i i i i o} a o 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4600 5000 seco DISTANCE IN YARDS FROM THE DISCHARGE Figure 10 APRIL 21,1969, LOW TIDE. CRYSTAL RIVER (TEMPERATURE VS. DISTANCE) i i - ~,

~ 22 74* 75* WITNLAC00CNEE ttVER 5 g[ h76* \\ Q n o LUTRELL ISLAND >')' N* al, t,.. g L ,5 ,e e [ OtuM 13. d / 3 75-75

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,p / f SLACK j P0lili ) 1/ [ / a CRYSTAL tin y P 7t* , s., METEOROLOGICAL Col 10lil0n3 TIME 1530-1000 wip0 DIRECilen 205'-27t* (W) Wind VELOCITY, MPH 18-12 Alt TEMPERATURE 7 5'-71 *F RELAflVE WUM10lTV 52-56% SCALE 5200 ft. = Figure 11 ISOTHERMAL MAP - DERIVED TEMPERATURE In OEGREES F FROM APRIL 21,1969 FLIGHT AT CRYSTAL RIVER : PLANT LOA 0 313 350 Mme AV4 ass Ms. AT HIGH TIDE

23 .- 83 28 t~~ y us-ea..,,, ~+~~-^*+~~-~t~~-3-~~ i. i 4 s : -..s s -> s + +. +..>....+ s...%..- a -..

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C iN t = a a .\\ - -f- - - f g m 26 I.-.+------i--...-+---t-- --i-.----f..---i------.' i---- r -- - -- DEGRE ES y CELS8US . --k. y^ F E i I i l l E

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. 9.. ....j.. -+. -. 4... 4... i.. _ ...N.... ;.....!- is g 4 + * --+-- --E - -~-I - 77 =si i = m 25 --4------4------4---- ---+-----+--~--+-----+---'--r-----t~----r~-+- - - - - + - --4--- i E i i i . -. +....... 4..4..4..4......+.. ,. 7. 3 z

- 75.e se

..a ..+.. +....+...,- v.....,.....r,. .r. aN,.....>~..4 j i i ! e SURFACE TEMPERATURE ! 'I' ~~l'"" ' -t" "t" O- --- sOTTOM TEMPERATURE 'i i I 'fT - 74 i 4 1 ...j.. j._ j.....j... .....[.. J.. j..i... 4.. 4..,.. 23 ..:....... } t i i END OF CANAL i o t i o 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 DISTAf;CE IN YARDS FROM THE DISCHARGE Figure 13 APRIL 21,1959. HIGH TIDE. CRYSTAL RIVER (TEMPER ATURE VS, DISTANCE) ,....,.,...._7._.7..7 ,...... 7.....r ' ' i ~'T ~'T*~ ~~l ! j i i 2e ....... -. +... -g- - e @ g. +.. +.. +. + I .. 4. 4... j \\ 1 .. 4 I ,g 4 d. 4. ..a... .1 4 .4 +, N ..,.4.....d.. -- h 5 .h....-+..+......--k.. 24 ......d.....d...+. . + ..d..._.4....4... %, Q...+ I.

1....h..

..4..- . j.. j.... h.. -- f. 9 23 4 + -- f - 6 SALINITY - y'- p....... t ....-m..+ .+..,- ' P.P.T. % '...q. .h L. 2. 9. gg 4.... .s . 4... 4 .p.. p... 4... 4. d j J..... j... 4..... v. -...g .A i 21

---

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- + - - - - - - - e i s.. 4....p.,. 7 . 4. }......i.. i... 4.; i 20. - - i-- - f - - ---'-----4-- + 1-t - - e-- -d - . 4... 4.._ 4.. A _..p... 5 +...._3 SURF ACE SALINITY i 19 - - -+---+- 0 ---- BOTTOM SALINITY T" ~~ *" M~ T +~ ~ 6 .9 .p _.7...........-. .4....p_... 18 ..J.... 4... 4. . 4... i. ~ ^ .. 4 END OF CANAL o 500 1000 1500 2000 2300 3000 3600 4000 4500 soop DISTANCE IN YARDS FROM THE Di$ CHARGE Figure 14 APRIL 21,1969, HIGH TIDE. CRYSTAL RIVER (SALINITY VS. DISTANCE)

24 WifMLAC00CNEE tlVER J 4 a s 2 iStANO eC

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4 b / s e:i f s( t .....T 0.TtET .<d/// I .o k -[- ['.W.1- ~ hit.N .9 90 g } 6 e v/.88 ^,.2 N 4 IWARE 6 .3 s t . LACK POINT V 's ) g' SNELL IS CRYSTAL river u..J \\y p., N .3 METEOROLOGICAL CON 0lfl0N5 TIME 0930-1200 NING OttECTION 250' WINO VELOCITY, MPil l2 AIR TEMPERATURE . l* nELAtl%E NUMlplTY 495 Figure 17 ISOTHERMAL MAP - DERIVED SCALE 5200 f t. a : FROM JULY 25,1969 FLIGHT TEMPERATURE IN DEGREES F AT CRYSTAL RIVER PLANT L040 400 W e AT HIGH TIDE I l ~ ~ __. _ _ _~; ' ':_,

25 )( p...... -_.,.........,...,...+..~4.g ? s 4.....p., ..p. ..... +... +.... +. . ~.....-. i ~ i

- 92 33

. d... ....-..l.... 4 ....h.....' .4...=..d..,..d. a 4 91 4. 4..... q.. g'...+ ..4 I-90 6 32.4 j..-.44.....+.... -4 .. qN. g i \\i E .i..4.....+.....,.. 4...4.....)......+...+.+......+. 4 e e -n a TEMPERATURE N + z 6 DE EES 31 -~ --" i.- - * --"h ""--h""~ I" - +"-" " . ~ ~. ~ O~ ~! ~ s * -! - --- - -- -i l 5 celsius f ... }. q 9....y - ..q.

4..

j_ 4-.q-sr g 4 i, 30. -.. +...,. ..3....+...-' .... +. .4.. i i o ,.3 .... +. t .49 9. 4 w_,, 2> 4- --p! _j!e duRFACE TEMPERITURE g _ _ _,,77o,7,,,,,,7y,, _-4_.4-4-_9-_y_._j___j. _4.._9-_;. j_,, j 2e l G 4 3 ? 4 l t p i, +.. +.... + p i ........~. t 4 4 .,.. 4 b 83 g 6 20 i i

....i

.................. >.... +.. ..p. END OF CANAL ,... +.. .+....+....q... 4.. 4. 9 t 6 0 I O 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3600 4000 4600 5000 DISTANCE IN YARDS FROM THE DISCHARGE Figure 19 JULY 25,1900, HIGH TIDE -CRYSTAL RIVER (TEMPERATURE VS. DISTANCE) 28 ~~~ ~~~-~.~~.~--r- - ~. ~ ~.---~.~.---*.~'-+.~~s. .4.. .. +... <.... .. -.. +.... +....+....,..... +. ... +.... +.. gy

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4 SALINTY -* ... 4..... 4..._4... 4 .. 4 .+..4. 4 .4 P.P.T. % l 1 l t ?. --y--*--- + t 4----^-----+ I 25 - - - - - +

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+ } 4 4..+...+.q... 4.. 4-4.... 4... 4. -4.. _+ - + [ + i 6 a e i + 4 + gg .+....... ..+....+-....+...+.~...p.;.p ? e r , ~..; 4-+-+ l 4

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---

soTroM SAUNITY t

l j --1------1-------t-----t--- --r--- l l l - p. i .'.-..f..+. e f p -._.g. . 4 g...... a .j 4 4 1 +... i 6 22 ,,......... +...... + -. 1 l ..+...4.,...p.. ..q....+..- 9 ..p... j E l i i j i END OF CANAL 4 O i i t I I' O 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4600 5000 1 DISTANCE IN YARDS FROM THE DISCHARGE I Figure 20 JULY 25,1900,HIGH TIDE CRYSTAL RIVER (SALINITY VS. DISTANCE) l I i I

26 WITHLAC00CHEE RIVER J 85 o d, 15L 0 o o O sa o \\ w-s gg OUTLET [ g I ar v .a k /

94 PL AN T gr Jff SITE 0

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/ 86 y r 45 ikTARE 45 BLACE PolNT f N; g( %( l' SnELL 1 /, CRYSTAL RIVER ,d (,. ) n \\ R I METEOROLOGICAL CON 01T1045 TIME 1600-1900 wlND DIRECTION 250' ,?inD VELOCITY. MPH 12 AIR TEMPEt&TURE 87' RELATIVE nuut0UTV 495 Figure 21 ISOTHERMAL MAP DERlVED SCA LE 5200 f t. = FROM JULY 25,1969 FLIGHT TEMPERATURE in CE6REES F AT CRYSTAL RIVER plani LOAD 400 Mue AT LOW TIDE l 4

i 27 38 j-- - j +------r-----7-------+-----r----m i l l i ++ ++.+4....+..t.... 4 4 w-98 l .j....,,:. .4 35 9.........4 . 4.. j....:.. j-es _.s g . N.. ....o...-, -... + j 34 .,... j... j -.\\ 4 N 4.4. TEMPERATURE i i i

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CELSaus D +.7.- + ,i...7.. 7. i i...,! 9 .....p%...g:.__.g.....$.... 2, 33 .....-4 4.4-....+....g.... +. h 4 m. l 4 i 2 j -;. s 1' g a e 1 4 .:_,0 o 32 4- -4 +. -. + 2 3 g t. -c. t 44.4...~.+-.--+-..1 m m I 1 m i

- se,,

p -.J... ..-. 4_ l i.+....+..$ -.j....;...:.. g I t .l j e SURFACE TEMPERATURE j j j 3 j.gg g 31 6 . -- p -~ O - - - eOTTOM TEMPERATURE. "'~*

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!"~i. i. 2 m w +... 4 p. p ~.: _ _ + -.. +. - - g.... 4.. .. +.... ....f...9.. l l l I I l l 1 + I ....p'....j.....:.....j. 4 j 30 p ..-4 .. 4-4 +.... l l END 0,F CAN,AL 0 t O 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 DISTANCE IN YARDS FROM THE DISCHARGE Figure 22 JULY 25.1969, LOW TIDE. CRYSTAL RIVER (TEMPERATURE VS. DISTANCE) i 2e

---

- -- --T--*--

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4...\\4.... +.

e.._..,!. ,.. ~,... _.,.... _ 4 y. ..4.. . -- -- c -. i --i------p -- --h-.-.--4------i.-.-4 -M -----i I 2e iN N: e a SAUNITY= Y"~"t." "t M."t~~ ~t-' '"t'"""+"""+: 1 P.P.T. b i 7. 7.... '.......p. ..4... .. g..s. 3..... g...... ' Y as 9.... 9 N: ...4..>..+....4.-,. s 4....+.. 4 x.4...+...+ _.+: 9 g i s 24 ---*-+-----t.-----+----:* +----+---4----t-----t.--*--. ---P.-----'"----*t.----.------ l l ? I i 4 4- + + +. .~ 4..~

- 4 i

i i i 1 .r 1 23 ~.4. -.+- e SU R F AC E SALINITY.-4. -.---+-- - +---+..----+.----t-----t O - --- eOTTOM SAL:NITY l 7-4.. .p.. 9. +.. 9... 4.. . 4 4-. 4.... g 22 .4.....-.-..+.. .4...$..-.... 4-...4..~.-.o...+...4... ..t-...4....4... l j i i END OF. CANAL + O I O 500 10C0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3600 4000 4600 5000 DISTANCE IN YARDS FROM THE DISCHARGE Figure 23 JULY 25.1969. LOW TIDE. CRYSTAL RIVER (SALINITY VS. DISTANCE 1 L

em 29

e 4

.~' h b ;{O;dbhEkdhN'l 2% ? -lD?Ih,: a iS ai

20 0 !) II 1"WT?' n TP( Y n D]!. R R f"2" y d!! []

1. 31.6 0

i t u b i a b ; % / A} J b Jt NO. 001 ON INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY l OF THERMAL EFFECTS OF POWER PLANT DISCHARGE Submitted to Florida Power Corporation by l Dr. Kendall L. Carder Assistant Professor Marine Science Institute University of South Florida i .x - ~ - - - -

l 31 ) TABLE OF CONTENTS l i 1 Page i Introduction 32 j Operational Procedures 32 Events Log 32 1 l Data 34 Discussion 39 Conclusions 40 Bibliography 40

32 INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL EFFECTS OF POWER PLANT DISCHARGE Data Report No. 001 l l INTRODUCTION A and B or A and C (Figure 1) or by locating the boat with respect to the known positions of the The initial phase of this project consists of salin-Department of Natural Resources Thermal Ad-ity and temperature surveys of the thermal ef-dition markers in the discharge canal (Stations fluent at the Crystal River power plant. As these 1-5, Figure 1). Two-way radios were used for l surveys continue, they ultimately become more communication between the boat and the transit specialized with hi~gher data resolution and a sites. The output of the power plant was held smaller area of coverage. Nevertheless, periodic essentially constant during the hours of each general surveys must continue to provide back-survey in order to eliminate thermal addition ground data for future computer models. fluctuations. The boat was securely anchored at When appropriate instrumentation arrives, each S-T-D station. water current, chemistry, and turbidity measure-The S-T-D was calibrated for salinity before ments will be added to the salinity and tempera-each survey, and the depth scale was zerced with l ture data. Also, an ECl thermister buoy system the instrument at the sea surface. A hand winch (Colbert,1970) is expected to be operational was mounted in the boat in time for the June 20 l in September for hourly plume position and vol-survey for easier and more precise depth control l ume verification. of the instrument. Date synopticity was generally Basic S-T-D (salinity-temperature-depth) between one and two hours during ebb or flood surveys were performed on May 23 and June 20, tidal conditions. 1970, after a preliminary navigational check h.~i Spring tidal conditions were chosen for both been made on May 22,1970. The data revealed survey days in order to maximize the range of a two-layered system that was strongly affected the plume position. This procedure also provided by tidal currents and shelf bathymetry, background data that will help in determining the scope of the area to be sampled by the ECl OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES thermistor buoy system. Vertical and horizontal S-T-D (CM2 Model No. EVENTS LOG S13) surveys were taken from an open 16 foot boat by lowering the instrument over the side Friday, May 22: and recording each of the three parameters along The S-T-D (salinity-temperature-depth) surveys with the station number and time. Positions were were begun Friday, May 22, at Crystal River fixed either by the use of two transits at points Plant. Transits were set up on bench marks six ~_ _

33 and seven (points A and B, Figure 1) on the out-types were detected: (1) the plant outflow water, flow canal. Beginning at 1435 readings were high in temperature and salinity and quite dense, taken at ten stations along the outflow canal diving to the bottom; (2) Withlacoochee River mainly to check out the instruments, the boat, water, low in salinity and temperature, on the and the transit operations. Ternperatures ranged surface; and (3) the great body of water from from 33.0'C (91.40*F) at the output ports to the Gulf. 25.1*C (77.18'F) at the tip of the channel in the late afternoon with strong ebb tide (point B). conditions the plume was traced out toward the gulf. The S-T-D unit was towed from the side of Saturday, M&f 3: the boat with fixes established from points B 2 Tidal Conditions (Tide Tables,1970 and Tidal and C (Figure 1) at the plume margins. In this Current Tables,1970) manner the plume water was identified more than a mile and a half from the end of the dis-Tide: TIME (EDT) HT. (FT) charge canal. Water temperature ranged from 0500 2.7 28.7'C (83.66*F) at the center to 25.1*C 0912 1.9 (77.18'F) at the edges of the plume. Shortly 1512 4.0 after 1700 winds became light and variable. At 2248 - 0.8 1950 the investigation was concluded for that day. Current: TIME (EDT) VEL (KTS) Ambient water temperature at the input 0206 2.0F canal was reported at 80-85'F. The relative 0706 0.3F humidity was 38-47%. Gross plant output 1130 1.2F ranged from 414 MW to 435 MW. 1906 3.6E Saturday, June 20: Participants K. Carder M.S.I. Tidal Conditions (Tide Tables,1970 and Tidal R. Klausewitz M.S.I. Current Tables,1970) J. Hancock F.P.C. Tide: TIME (EDT) HT. (FT) Plant Activity 435 MW maximum 0412 3.0 0842 2.1 At 1430 the investigation commenced with a ten 1430 4.2 station analysis of the discharge canal. Position-2200 -0.8 ing was determined from the Department of Natural Resources Thermal Addition markers. Current: TIME (EDT) VEL (KTS) Temperatures ranged from 33.0'C (91.40*F) at 0106 2.2F the output ports to 26.1*C (78.98'F) at the 0612 0.3E channel mouth. Salinities ranged from 25.5% 1054 1.4F at the surface at Station 5 to 29.9% in the ther-1812 3.9F mohaline frontal zone near Station 3 (see Fig-ure 1). The weather was clear with an easterly Participants K. Carder M.S.I. breeze of less than ten knots. F. Schlemmer M.S.I. With the high water of flood tide enabling J. Hancock F.P.C. passage over the shallows, the marsh area north of the discharge canal was next investigated. Plant Activity 800 MW maximum Transit fixes from points A and B (Figure 1) provided data point positions. Here, three water On June 20,1970, a survey of the hcrizontal

34 and vertical distribution of salinity and tempera-further measurements in the canal were taken ture was made in waters around the discharge as well as in the area west of the canal. Here, canal of the Crystal River plant. During the pe-31 stations were sampled at the surface and at riod of high tide in the early afternoon, measure-a depth of five feet. Temperatures ranged from ments were taken in the canal and to the north 37.2*C (98.96*F) to 34.2*C (93.56*F) in the in the area of the mud flats and marshy regions. canal and from 34.7*C (94.46*F) to 32.4*C Sixteen stations were sampled in determining (90.32 F)in thearea westof thecanal. Salinities the salinity and temperature at the surface and ranged from 27.4% to 25.1% in the canal at three feet of depth. Temperatures ranged from and from 25.9% to 21.6% in the area west of 35.0*C (95'F) to 33.0*C (91.40*F). Salinity the canal. Positioning was determined from the ranged from 29.9% to 23.9%. Data point Florida Department of Natural Resources Ther-positions were determined by transits set up at mal Addition biological stations in the canal and points A and 8 of Figure 1. from transits set up at points B and C of Figure 1. During the ebbing tide r.,i late afternoon, DATA .f[ g[ 9",(Ivuy. .y. ic, 3 L 30 M ING3 IN FEET i."33a q 4 c. 3i% /.2 p:g' ScMZ 1. 80,C00 [ ", 8"' $ \\, !- a pe' 2 V ~ '}, SP"[3 ,s p .Y marsh a Transit Sites ~* 2 e aiological [ A' V. fs D rum I":' < a. ~ 5 i.: 3 " T L.;,.., 5 pofv G88 S pgkead Gep ':::q*;me & k V 5 'k h AM__ ___ 2 4 g.,k s STACK -- l n # ~ Tc Ts % T,,K. - [ - "'?' y 5 7 E FI g 4 ec 72ft")J'*In1** UN' - 7 ' ^' - 2 E \\ 6 5 'x u/j. ~ s % q A '.' e _. T ' ',,.. R; ' ' ~ 19"s s [ G - p

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/ cf! C^* R 5 4 s Figure 1. Bathymetric chart of the region of thermal discharge (Chart No. C. & G. S.1259). LI

35 BICI4GICAL STATIONS (Station Interval 0.5 Nautical Miles) 1 0 2 3 4 5 o 26 _3 c_ T 6. a 6 9 -9 29 12 -- Flood Tide - Temp (erature - 28 5-23-10

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I 15 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 7 Flood Tide - Selinity) 3-- 5-23-70 (/oo ~~3 7 8 6 6 29 29 28 27 --6 3 9 ~9 a 12 -- ~~2 15 Figure 2. Discharge canal salinity and temperature cross-sections. Surface Contour Plot N 3 Foot Contour Flot Temperature Contour Interval - 0.5 C Nautical Milee l 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1 I l l lj 500 1000 2000 Tards - 27 [ 26 27- \\ / r ~ l \\ 9~~7-28 \\\\ 28 p \\\\ \\ i - 29 l \\ x\\\\\\ '\\ ge 4 w. s spagg k o Figure 3. Surface and 3 foot temperature contours (May 23, North of canal).

1 i l Sarface Contour Plot N k 3 Foot Conto Plot E ty Contour Interval - 0.5*[oo O e Data Station 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.7 0,. S 0.9 l 0.1 0.2 0.3 0,.4 g g g i s i 500 / 1000 2000 0 / Iards / / / / / 27 l I I f \\ 28 g \\ 27 28 NN x \\\\ \\ \\ N \\ N \\ 29 N / s~m\\ \\ \\ '\\ / 27. \\ \\ \\ \\ m O ~ h / Dischare; 3,,,,1 g g \\ \\ \\ A A LAs g Figure 4. Surface and 3 foot salinity contours (May 23. North of canal). Surface Contour Plot 3 Foot Contour Plot Temperature Contour Interval - 0.5 0 e Data Station Nautical Miles O5 Io 0.1 0.2 0.3 0,.4 j 0.6 0.7 0.8 d.9 j l i e i i i e i i 500 1000 2000 0 Tards y / / /o ,I .n 34 \\. .L \\ 34.5 \\ \\ N l

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34 (A 8 Discharre ~,3,3 A c o Figure 5. Surface and 3 foot temperature contours (June 20, North of canal). k

37 Surface Contour Plot N 3 Toot Contgt)r Y;/ Salinity Contour Interval - 0.5 f or e Data Station Nautical Milee 0 0.5 1.0 0.1 0,.2 0.3 0,.4 l O6 0,.7 0,8 9 r 9 l 500 2C00 Yards 24 ' 0 o 2 / 25 / 8." / 2 c g\\* 27 15~ \\ \\ o r.J \\ ' g 28, // N 27s I ~ \\ -cs m' e-j usse,y y Figure 6. Surface and 3 foot salinity contours (June 20, North of canal). / N Surface Contour Plot /e / / 5 Foot Contour Plot Temperature Contour Interval - P.5 0 ,/ j 0 e hu Sudz j /c / ,/ / O 26 - p / o /.,',,,s# o f o 27 L-A a 28 ~ N' 'R'$p 26 %ee g Nautical Milee O 0;5 C.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0,7 0,. 8 0,.9 l', l, ..i 6 0 500 1000 2000 Yarde Figure 7. Surface and 5 foot temperature contours (May 23, West of canal).

I l 38 / / [j9pa /p Surface Contour Plot / 5 Foot Contour Plot /!// Salinity Contour Interval - 0.5*/co // /

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21 p '/N \\\\\\ Nx w- \\\\\\ we, s.. k Nautical Miles 9 0.1 0.2 0.,3 0.,4 05 0.6 0.,7 0.8 0.9 1[ 3 2b 0 550 1000 Yards Figure 8. Surface and 5 foot salinity contours (May 23, West of canal). N Sortace Contour Plot 5 Foot Contour Plot Temperature Contour Interval - 0.5 C e Data Station e f f f*' ' ~~ ,/ ,,f / f- -7 " 3b3 - R. -r1,<,e ( - 3 3 ="- - - e s s. g ~ s# e N 7-D" N s o Net Nautical Miles 0 0(5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0,.9 l a, 0.1 0.2 03 04 7.7 0 500 1000 2000 Yards Figure 9. Surface and 5 foot temperature contours (June 20, West of canal,). ~~

39 Surface Contour Plot 5 Foot Contour Plot salinit ur Interval - c.5 /aa 23 ~ g ' " ~ ~ N N /.-~ y ,,,,.- ' " " " ~ - g N \\ /*"'***'"" 7 / 24 p.- / ./ / .-~ \\ E~ QQ[ \\ \\~' N y, ~~ v 3 -""p # 24 / ~. ItQ,g *% Nautical Miles 0 c.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 c.5 0.6 c.7 0.8 o,9 1* o 550 10'00 2000 Iards Figure 10. Surface and 5 foot salinity contours (June 20, West of canal). DISCUSSION but lower than Gulf water salinity. The thermal plume water has approximately Gulf water salin-Figure 1 is a blow-up of bathymetric chart no. ity, but higher than Gulf water temperature. Gulf 1259 of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. water appears below the nine foot depth between Points A, B, and C represent transit sites estab-Stations 4 and 5 as a relatively cool layer of high lished for data poir.t position verification. The salinity. A small pocket of Gulf water can also be " Biological Statioas" represent the Department found near the bottom at Station 1. Near homo-cf Natural Resources Thermal Addition biologi-geneity in temperature and salinity was found cal station markers also used for data point during ebb tida with respect to both depth and positioning. distance along the canal axis. Figure 2 contains vertical salinity and tem-Figure 3 and Figure 4 contain surface and perature cross sections along the axis of the five foot temperature and salinity contours north discharge canal during flood tide. The Depart-of the discharge canal at high tide on May 23. ment of Natural Resources Thermal Addition The overlay of these two surfaces suggests that biological stations are represented by the num-the warm weather discharge cooled and mixed bers 1 through 5. A thermohaline frontal region with Withlacoochee water. It then wedged be-is located between Stations 3 and 4 with cool, neath the latter between the 28.0*C and 27.5'C low salinity water to the west, and warm higher temperature contours and near the 28.0% sa-salinity water to the east. These water masses finity contours. This formed a two-layered sys-will henceforth be identified according to their tem which is observed most obviously on the sources as Withlacoochee River water and ther-salinity diagram. Warm, saline water flowed out-mal plume water respectively. The Withlacoochee ward beneath slightly cooler, fresher surface water is a mixture of Gulf water and Withlacoo-water. chee River-Cross Florida Barge Canal water, Figures 5 and 6 from June 20 show a similar having approximately Gulf water temperature, system which was even more apparently two-

i 1 40 l layered. A core of warm, saline thermal plume charge spoil bank, but it could also be seen along water wedged beneath cooler, fresher Withlacoo-the edges of the plume during ebb tide especially chee River water ir, a northwesterly direction. on June 20. The thermal effluent cools as it is The primary differences between conditions on discharged down the canal. When it has cooled May 23 and June 20 were the higher power level to the point that its density surpasses that of (800 MW vs. 420 MW) on June 20 and the meas-the Withiacoochee River effluent, it wedges be-urement times relative to high tidal conditions. neath this less saline water. The two-layer condi-The tidal ranges were essentially the same (4.8 tion continues until mixing has destroyed the feet vs. 5.0 feet). Figures 4 and 6 suggest that thermohaline interface. Wind wave generated fresh water springs occur in and near the canal. turbulence is expected to enhance the mixing Figures 7 and 8 represent surface and five of these two water types with a resultant effect foot contours of temperature and salinity during of lessening the apparent size of the tnermal ebb tide west of the discharge canal on May 23. plume on the three foot surface and enhancing Little difference with respect to depth is noted its apparent size at the sea surface. During flood from the temperature contours. The salinity con-tide another two-layer system occurs with With-tours of Figure 8 suggest that the western ex-lacoochee River water above Gulf water, espe-tremity of the discharge canal can be treated as cially in the western end of the canal. a thermal plume source during extreme ebb tida! A sea water density computer program will conditions and that the plume soon thrusts be-soon be completed which will allow water stability neath the Withlacoochee water after leaving the calculations to be made. This will be useful in canal. The pocket of cooler and lower salinity Jetermining the transition region in which the (25.5% ) water found just north of the canal one-layer system becomes a two-layer system. extremity may be water formed by a mixture of As yet, wind velocitit.. have been low enough thermal plume and Withfacoochee water in the that no appreciable wind effect on the location grass flats north of the canal during flood and of the plume has been observed. Measurements high tide. This water then would have flowed during highe.r sea states will be possible when out parallel to the canal at ebb tide. the more stable work barge is available for use

c. June 20 the thermal plume at ebb tide in data acquisition.

was larger than the same on May 23 as is ex-pected due to the heavier power plant load the Respectfully Submitted by latter day. This csn be seen by comparing Fig-ures 9 and 10 with Figures 7 and 8. The contours 'W from the later date show more extensive submer-Kendall L. Carder sion of the plume beneath Withiacoochee River Assistant Professor water. An oyster bar occurs near the left edges Marine Science institute of Figures 7-10 north of the intake canal, essen-tially containing the westward flow of the plume BIBLIOGRAPHY especially at the five foot depth level. This tended to widen and shorten the plume shape on June Colbert, D.,1970. Oceanographic data acquisi-20 as compared to May 23, even though its total tion system, ECl Proposal N-00115 to FPC. length was greater. Tidal Current Tables,1970. Atlantic Coast of CONCLUSIONS N rth America, Coast and Geodetic Survey, ESSA, U. S. Department of Commerce. A definite two-layer system exists between the thermal effluent and the fresher Withiacoochee Tide Tables,1970. East Coast North and South River-Barge Canal effluent. It was most apparent America, Coast and Geodetic Survey, ESSA, during flood tidal conditions north of the dis-U. F. Department of Commerce. k

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42 e 6 FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE JULY 24,1970 The University of South Florida, Electronic Com-The Oceanographic Data Acquisition Sys-munications, Inc. (ECl), and Florida Power Cor-tem employs a series of 12 to 15 buoys an-poration, have joined forces in a new large-chored in the vicinity of the heated water dis-scale program designed to develop full under-charge. Each buoy is a small automated labora. standing of the physical characteristics of tory capable of accurately measuring water heated water discharges from power plants on teniperature and salinity at various depths at the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters. its location. A central shore station will be es-l USF's Marine Science Institute will conduct tablished where the readings from the buoys the research program with Florida Power provid-will be transmitted for immediate compilation. ing financial support. ECl, utilizing techniques Dr. Kendall Carder of the USF Marine developed in its aerospace efforts, is supplying Science Institute will be in charge of the pro-l its special electronic Oceanographic Data Acqui-gram, with two graduate student assistants l sition System to be employed in the program. working under his direction. Principal site studies will be conducted at "The data gathered by this system will be Florida Power's Crystal River generating station digested by computer and we will develop a (80 miles north of St. Petersburg). This station mathematical model capable of predicting, with currently has two large fossil fuel units on the high accuracy, the physical characteristics of line capable of producing 897,000 kilowatts. discharges from the Crystal River plant. This This represents a significant portion of FPC's model will be modified to ultimately predict in-l total generating capacity. fluence of any future power plant discharges in late 1972, a nuclear unit with a capacity on its immediate marine environment," Dr. of 825,000 KW will become operational. Carder said. i l l l l l ~~

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> tama : FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES DIVISION OF HEALTH Post Office Box 210, Jacksonville, Florida 32201 FOR RELEASE MONDAY JUNE 29 P.M. PAPERS A Florida firm is supporting studies to make in Florida and to assess their impact on tile sure that it does not become a polluter. Dr. public health. The State Health Agency makes James Bax, Secretary of the Department of all of the measurements and then is able to de-Health and Rehabilitative Services announced termine the effect on the whole population of today acceptance of a grant from the Florida Florida, not just local populations near plant Power Corporation serving West Central Florida, site." Dr. Bax reports that a project proposal to assist radiation specialists of the Division of has recently been made by the U. S. Public Health conducting studies around a nuclear Health Service which would encourage the de-power plant which isn't even buMt yet. The velopment of similar statewide programs in plant in question is the Company's nuclear other states. power plant under construction near Crystal Bax said that while his agency was fully pre-River in Citrus County. pared to protect the public health in radiation Fteleases of radioactivity from operating nu-matters, he "did not anticipate the least diffi-clear power plants contain the same kinds of culty" with nuclear power plants. atoms which are already present in the environ. "For one thing, studies in other states in. ment from nuclear testing. Careful measure. dicate radioactive materials released by power ment of this " normal" radioactivity is necessary plants have been extremely low," he said. "For to permit detection of extremely small changes another, what we have going here is a hearten-after the plant starts to operate. ing example of cooperation between govern-Dr. Bax stated that similar studies are be. ment and business to protect the public. ing made by the Division of Health around Flor. " Technically, these people didn't have to ida Power and Light Company's Turkey Point give a red cent to this program. But they are site near Miami and their Hutchinson Island just as anxious as we are to have the public site near Ft. Pierce. "This state-operated, in. health protected. dustry assisted surveillance activity in Florida "If we had more cooperation like this-is unique," he said. "It provides a common between business and government-half of yardstick to measure all nuclear reactor sites our problems would be solved," he said. l

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1 .i 46 ! / t ;l "fN #"!! s ~ [ 3 '$ }I MM[f j 9 !i DIVISION OF HEALTH FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION CRYSTAL RIVER SURVEILLANCE Routine sample collection and analysis was con-Work has continued on the establishment of tinued during the period. A low level alpha / beta the State of Florida Radiation Emergency Re-counting system was purchased under the grant sponse Plan which interfaces with the Crystal agreement and installed in the Orlando Radio-River Radiation Emergency Response Plan. The logical Laboratory. This system now provides Florida Response Team is now headquartered automatic sample changing. Arrangements con. in Jacksonville, an emergency vehicle equipped tinue with Florida Power Corporation for pro-with radiation detection instruments and other curement of five sampler housings for instal-omergency supplies provided, and a full-time lation of particulate air samplers. It is presently (24 hours) duty officer is on duty, considered that installation will be complete Wallace P. Johnson and air sampling begun by January 1,1971. WPJ/ng Gamma background measurements will be [.d(V/ \\ started at the same time using TLD devices. 0

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48 a p ]y o f t a se M p r t- -U 'ag 1 N : r ? O hb b b0 ,I i 3 RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY Florida Power Corporation and the Department ecosystem was defined as that portion of the of EnvironmentalEngineering,Universityof Flor-Gulf which comes under the influence of the ida, has signed an agreement under which the discharge and intake of the cooling water. University will conduct the pre-operational radio-The second ecosystem is terrestrial located in logical survey for the nuclear generating facility the land areas in and around Crystal River. Be-at Crystal River. The broad objectives of the en-tween these two ecosystems lies a third which vironmental monitoring program are as follows: will be designated the marshland ecosystem. Marshlands form the interface between the ma-

1. To gather extensive and accurate information rine and the terrestrial environment. Here many en the pre-operational levels of radiation and of the important coupling pathways occur.

radioactivity existing ir Nnment. The analysis of samples and the results re-

2. To obtain inform;

-..., critical radio-ported therefrom are only as good as the care nuclides, critical pathw,4 and critical biological and techniques used to obtain the original sam-groups associated with uptake of radioactivity ples. The rationale for each type nf sample has into the human food c'1ain. This information ar.d will continue to be justified. Furthermore, should bo helpful in designing the operational the techniques for obtaining samples will con-survey. form to the high standards of the pertinent disci-

3. To test and exercise the methods and proce-plines. Extreme care wil! be exercised in preserv-dures that will be used in later operational radio-ing all standards and precise descriptions of logical surveillance, their ecological condition will accompany the

4. To gather baseline data that will provide a final results.

basis for comparison with future levels of radio. The analysis performed on each sample will activity in the environment. depend upon its characteristic and its position in the ecosystem. Gamma spectrometry, gross The major innovation in the technique is to use alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, tritium and an ecological approach. The report of Committee stable element determinations are included in Four of the International Commission on Radio-the laboratory procedures. Other measurements logical Production notes that there are numerous include total deposition, air filters and environ-and complex pathways by which each of the mental gamma radiation. released radionuclides may cause exposure to Progress to date has been substantial. The plant life, animals and man. Detailed study uf gamma laboratory has been calibrated fully for the particular situations often indicate that cer-qualitative analysis and is partially calibrated tain nuclides and certain pathways are more im-for quantitative analysis. The quantitative cali-portant than others. These pathways are desig-bration is being performed with standards re-nated as critical. Great judgment is necessary ceived recently from the Analytical Quality Con-in defining and sampling certain ecosystems trol Service, Bureau of Radiological Health, and the compartments within these systems. Winchester, Massachusetts. A receiving station l For the purposes of this !nvestigation three for handling the large quantities of samples is principle ecosystems in the vicinity of the Crystal being prepared. River power plant have been defined. The marine The marine surveillance has been proceed-l-

49 ing exceptionally well. Dr. Carr and graduate development of a preliminary model and the ac-students have made a preliminary survey of the quisition of trapping-sampling gear. marine and marshland ecosystems. The subse. Dr. Sam Snedaker is developing a descrip-quent week-long surveillance program has vir-tive schematic model to be used as a basis for teally completed the first quarter sampling of the field sampling. The first-generation model the marine organisms. Sampling stations were permits each species-compartment to be evalu-delineated and procedures were standardized. ated and serves to pinpoint areas of emphasis. Shellfish appear to have small quantities of the Mr. Buford Pruitt has completed a vertebrate radium series, potassium-40 and traces of ce-check-list and compiled a dietary fo-W -ne-slum-137. cies in the Crystal River area. Data (a behavior, The tritium analysis will be performed witn population dynamics and comparttr ent sizes are the electrolytic enrichment technique developed being assembled. He is presently mmpleting a by Dr. Orstlund of the Institute of Marine Sci-similar review for the invertebrates. ences, University of Miami. One series of sam-Mr. Man Horton is surveying the technical ples has been collected at 11 stations in and literature for pertinent information on food-web arou..d the Crystal River plant. They include sur. dynamics and isotope cycling. He i nd Mr. Pruitt face water, well water and gulf water. These will soon cooperate on compiling flora check-samples are currently being enriched for later lisi und estimate of species impon ence. analysis with the liquid similation system. Cali-Florida Power Corporation is la the process bration is in progress, cf providing a small workshed with counter The start of area gamma dose measurements space, wash facilities, desk space and bunkbeds with TLD's has been delayed by the need for an for use by the project personnel o t site. overhau! in the reader. A prototype of the air A paper entitled "An EcoloFical Approach sampler specially designed for this project is to Environmental Surveillance" has been se-completed and will be tested at the University lected for presentation at the Hesth Physics So-of Florida and later set up at the Crystal River ciety Midyear Symposium in Now mber in Idaho plar,t boundary for preliminary investigation. Falls, Idaho. The seven faculty li <estigators are The work in the terrestrial ecosystem has co-authors of this paper, currentis being written. largely centered around literature searches, the / Dr. W. Emmett Bolch i Assistant Professor l University of Florida

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52 r t $ 1h d I? - J E %/ V FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE AUGUST 25, 1970 Florida Power Corporation and the Department regulated and controlled by the state and fed-of Environmental Engineering, University of eral governments. The Florida Department of Florida, have signed an agreement under which Health and Rehabilitative Services is presently the University will conduct the pre-operational conducting a similar survey of the area sur-radiological survey for FPC's nuclear generat-rounding the power plant site but outside the ing facility at Crystal River. The nuclear plant plant property. Together, the findings from the is scheduled to become operational in late 1972. state program and the university survey will Determination of existing levels of radio-provide a sound understanding of possible ra-activity in the environment, prior to operations dio;ogical effects on the environment adjacent beginning at a nuclear power plant, is a legal to and on the Crystal River plant site. requirement. Principal investigator for the University of in addition to the survey, university investi-Florida is Dr. W. Emmett Bolch of the Depart-gators will perform a study of the mechanisms ment of Environmental Engineering. Working and characteristics whereby radioactivity is with Dr. Bolch will be professors and scientists transported to and through the environment. frors the fields of botany, marine and terrestrial The aim of this segment of the study is to de-zoology, radiation biophysics and nuclear engi-velop a better understanding of the effects of neering. The program will provide six assistant-low-level radioactivity on the environment. ships for graduate students to pursue their ad-The University has sgreed to perform a con. vanced studies. Florida Power Corporation is tinuation of the survey after the nuclear unit funding the program on an annual basis with the becomes operational. Discharge of radioactivity first year set at $97,000. from power plants and otFer facilities is strictly

Vill ilgures s

54 W' D 6 ) Dh, CRYSTAL RIVER PLANT b Q *,' d3 9 o >1 .S' l 3 /* t, i 90 C l

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60 FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT DISTRIBUTION LIST STATE GOVERNMENT Dr. C. L Nayfield, Director Division of Health Mr. William Beck, Jr. Department of Health and Rehat,ilitative Services Chief Biologist P. O. Box 210 Bureau of Sanitary Engineering Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services P. O. Box 210 Mr. Vincent D. Patton Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Executive Directer Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Mr. Sidney A. Berkowitz, Director Suite 300, Tallahassee Building Bureau of Sanitary Engineering 315 South Calhoun Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Tallahassee, Florida 32303 P. O. Box 210 Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Mr. Nathaniel P. Reed Chairman Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Mr. D. A. Brown, Chief Governor's Office Department of Florida Air and Water Capitol Building Pollution Control Tallahassee, Florida 33504 Suite 400, Tallahassee Bank Building 315 South Calhoun Street Mr. David H. Scott Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Chief Bureau of Permits Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Dr. O. E. Frye, Jr., Director Suite 300, TaHahassee Building Division of Game and Fresh Water Fish 315 South Calhoun Department of Natural Resources Tallahassee, Florida 32303 Farris Bryant Building 620 South Meridian Street Mr. K. K. Huffstutter Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Chief. Bureau of Surveillance Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Mr. Churchill Grimes, Project Leader Suite 300, Tallahassee Building Crystal River Marine Research Laboratory 315 South Calhoun Department of Natural Resources Tallahassee, Florida 32303 P. O. Box 276 Crystal River, Florida 32629 Representative A. S. " Jim Robinson Florida House of Representatives Mr. Randolph Hodges 1600 Park Street North Executive Director St. Petersburg Florida 33710 Department of Natural Resources Larson Building Senator Jerry Thomas Tallahassee, Florida 13504 First Marine Bank and Trust Company Riviera Beach, Florida 33404 Mr. Robert M. Ingle, Director Bureau of Marine Research and Technology FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Division of Marine Resources Department of Natural Resources Commissioner Larson Building Fish and Wildlife Service Tallahassee, Florida 33504 U. S. Department of Interior Washington, D. C. 20240 Mr. Wallace P. Johnson (2 copies) Division of Health Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Regional Director P. O. Box 210 Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Federal Building St. Petersburg. I'lorida 33733 Mr. Edwin A. Joyce, Assistant Direc:or Marine Research Laboratory Mr. C. Edward Carlson Bureau of Marine Research and Technology Regional Director Division of Marine Resources Bureau of _ port Fisheries and Wildlife S Department of Natural Resources Room 833(/~ P. O. Drawer F Peachtree-Seventh Building St. Petersburg, Flota 33731 Atlanta, Georgia 30323 n-

61 Mr. Devid Dominick Mr. Stan Reither Commissioner, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration ADXP Armament Development and Test Center U. S. Department of Interior Eg!!n Air Force Base, Florida 32542 633 Indiana Avenue N.W. Washington, D. C. 20240 Dr. Theodore R. Rice, Director Center for Estuarine and Menhaden Research Mr. W. S. Eisenberg, Jr., Chief Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Navigation Section, Engineering Division Ceaufort, North Carolina 28516 U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville P. O. Box 4970 .dr. Larry R. Shanks Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Division of Game and Fresh Water Fish Department of Natural Resources Colonel Avery S. Fullerton, Chief P. O. Box 1840 U. S. Army.ngineer District, Jacksonville Vero Beach, Florida 32960 P. O. Box 4Y70 Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Dr. S. Fred Singer Deputy Assistant Secretary Dr. Raymond E. Johnson, Assistant Director Department of the interior Bureau of Sport Flcerles and Wildlife Washington, D. C. 20240 U. S. Department of Interior Washington, D. C. 20240 Mr. J. R. Thoman Director, Southeast Region Mr. Gordon E. Kerr U. S. Department of Interior Executive Secretary Federal Water Pollution Control Administration Federal Water Pollution Control Advisory Board Suite 300 Department of the Interior 1421 Peachtree Street. N.E. Washington, D. C. 20240 At!anta, Georgia 30309 (3 copies) Mr. J. E. Burgess i Mr. Carl E. Klein Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Assistant Secretary for Water Quality and Research U. S. Department of the Interior Department of the Interior 1031 Miracle Mile Washington, D. C. 20240 Vero Beach, Florida 32960 j (3 copies) ) Mr. Malcolm H. Kallus/Mr. Joe 1. Dickerson Mr. A. L McKnight Federal Water Quality Administrdtion Chief of Operations 3801 Kirby Road U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville Houston, Texas 77006 P. O. Box 4070 Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Mr. Ronald L Estes Federal Wate-Qual!ty Administration Mr. Donald T. Oakley Southeast Water Laboratory Chief of Environmental Studies Section Athens, Georgia 30601 i Nuclear Facilities Bra'ch Division of Environmental Radiation Mr. Parker E. Miller U. S. Public Health Service President's Water Pollution Control Advisory &ntd i 1901 Chapman Avenue 301 Redington Reef Rockville, Maryland 20853 16400 Gulf Boulevard Mr. Roger O. Olmstead Regional Shellfish Consultant PHS FDA-Shellfish Sanitation Branch CITY AND COUNTY GOVERNMENTS t 60 Elghth Street Northeast Honorable George C. Tsourakis I Atlanta, Georgia 33039 Mayor City of Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Mr. H. Richard Payne Radiological Heotth Representative Honorable Leonard A. Damron Environmental Control Mministration Mayor Bureau of Radiological Health City of Crystal River, Florida 33629 DHEW, Region IV Room 404 50 Seventh Street. N.E. Chairman, Citrus County Commissioners Atlanta, Georgia 30323 Courthouse Square (2 copies) Inverness, Florida 32650 Mr. Charles E. Porter Chairmaa. Pinellas County Commissioners Southeastern Radiological Health Laboratory County Office Building U. S. Public Health Service 315 Haven Street P. O. Box 61 Clearwater, Florida 33516 Montgomery, Alabama 36101

62 Chairman Pasco County Commissioners Dr. Howard T. Odum County Courthouse Department of Environmental Engineering 14 East Merldlan Avenue University of Florida Dade City, Florida 33525 Gainesville, Florida 32601 Honorable William F. Grey UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA Mayor ST. PETERSBLRG, FLORIDA 33701 New Port Richey 117 West Main Street Dr. Ronald C. Baird New Port Richey, Florida 33552 Marine Science Institute University of South Florida Honorable John H. Durney St. Peters surg, Florida 33701 Mayor Port Richey Dr. Kendall L Carder P. O. Box 127 Marine Science Institute Port Richey, Florida 33568 University of South Florida St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 Honorable Everett Hougen Mayor Dr. Thomas L. Hopkins Clearwater Marine Science institute City of Clearwater University of South Florida P. D. Box 4748 St. Petersburg. Florida 33701 Clearwater, Florida 33518 Dr. Harold J. Humm Director UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Marine S:lence Institute GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA 32601 University of South Florida St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 Dr. W. Emmett Bolch Department of Environmental Engineering Mr. Ron Klausewitz University of Florida Marine Science institute Gainesville, Florida 32601 University of South Florida St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 Dr. William E. Carr Department of Biology Dr. Thomas E. Pyle University of Florida Marine Science Institute Gainesville, Florida 32601 University of South Florida St. Petersburg. Florida 33701 Dr. Richard E. Englehart Department of Nuclear Engineering Sciences Mr. Fred Schlemmer University of Florida Marine Science Institute Gainesville, Florida 32601 University of South Florida Dr. Charles E. Roessler Department of Radiology UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI University of Florida Medical Center KEY BISC".YNE, FLORIDA 33149 Gainesville. Florida 32601 Dr. Donald P. de Sylva Dr. Morton Smutz, Dean of Research Rosentiel School of Atmospheric and Marine Science College of Engineering University of Miami University of Florida Key Biscayne, Florida 33149 Gainesville, Florida 32601 Dr. Martin Roessler Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker Rosentiel School of Atmospheric and Marine Science Department of Environmental Engineering University of Miami University of Florida Key Biscayne, Florida 33149 Gainesville, Florida 32601 (3 copies) Dr. Robert E. Uhrig. Dean Mr. Art Marshall i College of Engineering Rosentiel School of Atmospheric and Marine Science 1 University of Florida University of Miami l Gainesville, Florida 32601 Key Biscayne, Florida 33149 Dr. M. J. Ohanian Mr. John Michelle Department o* Nuclear Engineering Sciences Rosentiel School of Atmospheric and Marine Science University of Florida University of Miami Gainesville, Florida 32601 Key Biscayne, Florida 33149 Dr. E. E. Pyatt Dr. Harding B. Owre Department of Environmental Ergineering Rosentiel School of Atmospheric and Marine Science University of Florida University of Miami Gainesville, Florida 32601 Key Biscayne, Florida 33149

63 PRESS Mr. John P. Mortimer Aerospace Systems Requirerrents Mr. Thad Lowry Electronic Communications incorporated Radio Station WGUL Box 12248 New Port Richey, Florida 33552 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Mr. Jim Ryan Mr. Robert G. Walker St. Petersburg Times Assistant Vice President. Program Management Box 1121 Electronics Communications incorporated St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Box 12248 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Mr. James Walker Staff Writer Mr. M. S. Klein Tampa Tribune Vice President Marketing 507 East Kennedy Boulevard Electronic Communications Incorporated Tampa, Florida 33601 P. O. Box 12248 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Editor Clearwater Sun INDUSTRY 301 South Myrtle Avenue Mr. R. J. Gardner Clearwater, Florida 33517 Executive Assistant Florida Power & Light Company Mr. George Bopp, General Manager P. O. Box 3100 New Port Richey Press Miami, Florida 33101 117 Missouri Avenue New Port Richey, Florida 33532 Dr. Perry W. Gilbert Executive Director New Port Richey Chronical Mote Marine Laboratory Mrs. Laurel Cobb, General Manager 9501 Blind Pass Road P. O. Box 875 Sarasota, Florida 33578 New Port Richey, Florida 33552 Dr. Morton L Goldman Tarpon Springs Leader Vice President. NUS Corporation Mr, David Carpenter, Publisher 2351 Research Boulevard 11 East Orange Street Rockville, Maryland 20850 Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 i Mr. J. D. Hicks Suncoast Sentinel Tampa Electric Company Mr. William H. Dyer, Publisher P. O. Box 111 Crystal River, Florida 32629 Tampa, Flor;da 33601 l Citrus Coun*y Chronical Mr. Stan Lewis Mr. David Arthurs, Editor District Manager Inverness, Florida 32650 General Telephone Company Tarpon Springs. Florida 33589 Tarpon Springs Herald Mr. George Raynard. Publisher Mr. William S. Scott 27 East Orange Street Governmental Affairs Coordinator Tarpon Springs. Florida 33589 Gulf Power Company Pensacola, Florida 32561 INDUSTRY Dr. J. H. Wright, Director ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS INCORPORATED Envic nmental Systems Department BOX 12248 ST. PETERS 8URG, FLORIDA 33733 Westighouse Electric Corporation-Power Systems P. O. Box 355 Mr. Donald C. Cctbert Pit +sburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 Manager Space instrumentation Electronic Communications incorporated Mr. P. N. Bibko, Scientist Box 12248 Environmental Systems Department St. Petersburg. Florida 33733 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Power Systems Mr. Paul G. Hansel, Vice President P. O. Box 355 Electronic Communications incorporated Pittsburgh, Pennsylvarila 15730 Research and Engineering Box 12248 St. Petersburg. Florida L133

64 1 Mr. J. H. Gibbons, Director Mr. George S. Keeley Environmental Quality Study Project Nuclear Engineering Department Oak Ridge National Laboratory Consumers Power Company Union Carbide Corporation Big Rock Point Nuclear Plat' Nuclear Division Charlevoix, Michigan 49720 P. O. Box X Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Mr. G. J. Neumaier, President Ecology and Environment, Inc. Mr. Lyman E. Rogers 1122 Union Road Conservation 70's West Seneca Road c/o Rogers Sharpe Associates West Seneca, New York 14224 P. O. Box 421 Ocala, Florida 32670 INDIVIDUAL.S Mr. Jack Coates Mr. John Bankston, Executive Secretary Product Manager, Special Chows Suncoast Active Volunteers for Ecology Ralston Punna Company P. O. Box 4881 Checkerboard Square Clearwater, Florida 33518 St. Louis, Missourt t33199 Mrs. Harold Dubendorff, President Dr. T. E. Owen, Manager Suncoast Active Volunteers for Ecology Earth Science Applications P. O. Box 4881 Department of Electronic Systems Research Clearwater, Florida 33518 Southwest Research Institute 850 Culebra Road Mrs. Marty Farman San Antonio, Texas 78228 Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Seminar 1965 Sunt3t Point Road Colonel F. P. Bender /Mr. D. L Payne Clearwater, Florida 33515 State of Texas Water Quahty Board fifustoDeYas 77006 FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION P. O. BOX 14042 Mr. Don Betterton ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA 33733 Houston Lighting & Power Company Houston, Texas 77006 Mr. S. A. Brandimore General Counsel Dr. John Hopkins Florida Power Corporation University of West Florida (3 copies) Pensacola, Florida 32504 Mr. H. L Bennett Mr. Leonard Ledbetter Directer /Mr. James Doherty Manager of Powcr Construction State of Georgia Air & Water Pollution Control Florida Power Corporation Atlanta, Georgia 30334 Dr. H. W. Carter Mr. Walter M. Stevens Chief Medical Officer Georgia Power Company Florida Power Corporation 270 Peachtree Street Atlanta, G(orgia 30303 Mr. S. R. Coley District Manager j Mr. W. L Reed, Vice President Florida Power Corporation Southern Services, Inc. Clearwater, Florida Birmingham, Alabama 35226 Mr. C. R. Collins Mr. Milo A. Churchill. Chief Division Manager Water Quality Branch Suncoast Division Tennessee Valley Authority Florida Power Corporation Chattanooga, Tennessee 37402 St. Petersburg, Florida l l Dr. Joseph A. Mihursky Mr. E. E. Dearmin l Natural Resources Institute Division Manager l University of Maryland Central Division Hallowing Point Field Station Maryland 20742 Florida Power Corporation Ocala. Florida ) Mr. Carlos Fetterolf, Administrator Water & Air Quality Monitoring System Mr. H. E. Dunphy ) Michigan Water Resources Commission Executive Assistant for Public Affairs Lansing, Michigan 48924 Florida Power Corporation i Mr. K. E. Fenderson, Jr. Director of Advertising & Publicity j Florida Power Corporation i 1

Mr. D.1. Flynn Mr. R. L Sirmons Results Engineer Director-Pub 4c Affairs Production Department Florida Power Corporation Florida Power Corporation Mr. John Gleason Mr. O. H. Ware Vice President, Customer Operations Superintendent-Crystal River Plant Florida Power Corporation Florida Power Corporation Mr. 8. L Griffin Director Customer Relations Florida Power Corporation ' St. Petersburg. Florida Mr. M. F. Hebb. Jr. Vice President-Engineering Florida Power Corporation Mr. Andrew H. Hines. Jr. Executive Vice President Florida PowerCorporation Mr. W. C. Johnson Public Information Officer Florida Power Corporation ~ ' Mr. N. G. Karay District Manager Florida Power Corporation Tarpon Springs, Florida Mr. G. W. Marshall Production Superintende.it Florida Power Corporation ) Mr. M. H. Milton l District Manager i Florida Power Corpcration St. Petersburg, Florida Mr. A. J. Ormston Vice President-Production Florida Power Corporation Mr. R. Eustice Parneile Environmental Engineer Florida Power Corporation Mr. A. P. Perez ? resident and t,n af Executive Officer Florida Power Corporation Mr. M. H. Ph;Ilips District Manager Florida Power Corporation St. Petersburg. Florida Mr. R. E. Raymond Senior Vice President Engineering and Operations System Florida Power Corporation Mr. J. T. Rodgers Nuclear Project Manager and Director-Power Engineering and Construction Florida Power Corporation (12 copies) l l ,}}