ML19308E000
| ML19308E000 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Crystal River  |
| Issue date: | 01/30/1974 |
| From: | Rodgers J FLORIDA POWER CORP. |
| To: | Muller D US ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (AEC) |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8003200737 | |
| Download: ML19308E000 (6) | |
Text
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AEC DIST" BUTIC'! FOR PART 50 DOCKET MATEM A_L,
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CONTROL NO:
91'i-i FILE:
ENVIRO FROM:
DATE OF DOC DATE REC'D LTR MD10 RPT OTER Florida Power Corporation St. Petersburg, Fla.
J. T. Rodgers 1-30-74 2-2-74 x
TO:
ORIG CC OTHER SENT AEC PDR XXX Daniel R. Muller 1 signed CLASS UNCLASS PROP INFO INPUT NO CYS REC'D DOCKET NO l
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50-302 d
DESCRIPTION:
ENCLOSURES:
Ltr te FPC established position of salt effects Ltr from Dames & Moore to FPC furnishing cn the terrestrial environment trans the info re Sensitivity to Salt of Coastal Sites following....
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PLANT NAME: CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT #3 (1 signed cv enel ree'd)
FOR ACTION /INFORMATION 2-15-74 CMC
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Mr. Daniel R. Muller (R
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SUBJECT:
FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION m
CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT 3 NUCLEAR PLANT DOCKET NO. 50-302
Dear Mr. Muller:
The broad environmental research program at Crystal River is now being vigorously pursued. Comunications between the interagency comittee, our staff, and the researchers are being maintained very success' At through your staff coordination and the various meetings and reports that have been scheduled. Further research has been suggested by the AEC in some areas. This letter will establish our position concernin j the new research proposed to detemine salt effects on the terrestrial environ-ment.
We have been considering this research for some time. The prtblem, simply stated, is to determine the potential affect of salt drift on the terrestrial environment from various cooling alterhatives, specifically fi om cooling towers.
In order to answer this question, five steps are req 11 red. These 1.
Detemine background deposition, j/
2.
Determine additional deposition from the towers, 3.
Determine the constitutents of the terredrial env!ronment,
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4.
Detemine the sensitivity of the constitutents to :ncremental changes in the salt deposition, and 5.
Detemine the actual value of the prospective impact, f
Steps 1 through 3 may be accomplished without great difficulty,/
steps 4 and 5 are exceedingly difficult to perform.
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General Office 320i in ny tounn street soum. P O Box 14o42. St Petersburg. Florida 33733.
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s Mr. Dan Muller January 30, 1974 We have recently made a similar study for cooling alternatives at our Anclote site on the Gulf of Mexico approximately 55 miles south of the Crystd River site. A e mprehensive review of the current literature produced a limited number of references which are pertinent to our investigation. No published data is available regionally for Anclote or Crystal River, however, in the data available from the Rutgers Study.
Toth (1971) indicated the state-of-irt in salt studies. To provide you with some feeling for the situation, we estimate the background deposition to be between 30-300 lbs./ acre /yr. A cooling tower could conceivably add an additional 200 lbs./ acre /
yr. over a si'zable area (as much as 200 acres). The available data implies that the most-abundant species of terrestrial plants at Crystal River are sufficiently tolerant to salt that significant additional quantities would be necessary before noticeable damage would occur. Thus, it is very difficult to determine the effect of small changes in salt deposition.
Based on the AEC requirements for Crystal River, we have conferred with various con-sultant organizations and have concluded that our Anclote experience represents the most current and complete knowledge in this area.
Further it is apparent from the currently known values for salt impact in the Gulf coast region including Crystal River and Anclote that, while some risk exists by way of uncertainty in the valves, salt drift impact from cooling towers is not significant. We have asked the scientists at Dames and Moore to compose a brief sketch of the state-of-the-art in this area for verification of our conclusion. That statement is attached for your infomation.
The problem of salt effects due to cooling towers is being pursued because it is n:eded in formulating a cost-benefit analysis of alternate cooling schemes. A rough estimate of the impact of salt deposition may be made by measuring the decrease in productivity from increased salt deposition and utilizing the conversion factors between energy flow and dollars presently being developed by Dr. Odum of the University of Florida. Using very conservative assumptions, the cost penalty of the decreased productivity is of the order of 1/10 that of the capital investment required for cooling towers. Thus, even under the most adverse circumstances, the impact is not significant compared to the economic penalty of such cooling systems.
The AEC has strongly emphasized the need to perform a terrestrial survey at Crystal River including both flora and fauna.
In general, we conclude that this research is justified, but not on the basis of determining salt deposition effects. We understan',
that research is currently being pursued at Turkey Point under a joint EPA-Florida Power and Light Company grant to determine salt effects on vegetation. We are iny gating this effort to detemine if that work is applicable to the problem at Cry' River and will keep you up to date on developments.
The AEC has also indicated that a program should be undertaken to detemine/
salt deposition. This study, as discussed above, would be used in determV mental effects of additional salt deposition. We believe that little us/
tion would be derived from such a program becausa of the previous stat /
In addition, the program would be very expensive. Therefore, we urgv draw its requirement that this program be implemented, and recomment trial survey previously reviewed by the AEC staff be implemented e' tions of the program dealing with salt deposition.
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s Mr. Dan Muller January 30, 1974 We are dedicated to our environmental work at Crystal River, but conclude in the case of the salt drift impact that the expected results of the effort are not justification for the effort or expense for same.
It is hoped that the AEC will reconsider its position in this matter and we will appreciate your consideration of this matter.
Very truly yours, J. T. Rodgers Assistant Vice President Ger.eration Engineering Enclosure
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'~l. :.t n~.tI di"d Attention: Mr. Ken Garrison
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Gentlemen:
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Sensitivity To Salt Of Coastal Sites We are providing in the following paragraphs a preliminary assessment of the state of the art in determining the sensitivity of coastal communities to salt.
Many forms of vegetation exhibit some sensitivity to both airborne salt and to salinity in the soil. Though the exact mechanism of salt action is at present unknown, it is believed to be a result of sodium, calcium, magnesium and chloride ion action on the individual cells (2,3).
It can be hypothesized that the effect is also most probably a combination of the hygroscopic action of dry elemental salt on the foliage coupled with the hypertonic action of a saline solution entering the plants through the roots or foliage on the plant cytoplasm in conjuntion with the effects of chloride ions.
In investigations of plant sensitivity to salt in the natural environment, it has been quite difficult to distinquish between effects due to salt on foliage and salt in the soil, because both are present concurrently.-
t Leaves of deciduous hardwoods usually exhibit the. effects of salt action at the tips and along the margin of the leaves.- Necrosis of coniferous plant needles is most evident as the characteristic " orange scorch" the result of salt action (7). In some plants, initial injury is not inanediate but the plant accumulates chloride ions and this causes eventual death to the plant over a period of time. Decline in vigor, health, and subsequent death to the plant is usually the common pattern (2,3).
Boyce (1) has shown that leaf shape is also a factor in salt tolerance determination. He shows that the more finely leaved plants are more suscopa:able to salt injury than the more broad leaved species having a large but regular surface area.
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namesa moown Florida Power Corporation January 28, 1974 i
Page Three I
Re ponse of Mature Foliage to 15 Consecutive Da*.ly Applications of Undiluted Sea Water (Continued) l Vnsetative Grouping Extent of Iniury and Plant Species
% of Plant Burned 9
Group F High sensitivity to leaf scorch and 85 - 100%
defoliation 1
(Example) Polygonum articulata (Swamp smartweed)
Polygonum pensylvanicum (Smartweed)
Rhus glabra (Smooth sumac)
Fraxinus americana (White ash)
Fraxinus nigra (Black ash) 4 Group C Extreme sensitivity to leaf scorch and 100%
defoliation (Example) Robinia pseudo - acacia (Black locust)
Rhus radicans (Poison ivy)
Sassafras albidum (Common sassafras)
Rose rugosa (Wild rose)
J, Vitus acesitivalis (Wild grape)
If the overall salt concentration at Crystal River were kept at i
the lower threshold levels, no long term damage would be likely to occur i
to the surrounding vegetation. This projection is made under the assump-l tion that the vegetation of the Crystal River site is not already approach-
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ing a critical salt tolerance level as the result of adverse environmental elements other than salt already existing in the site area. Presently there is no scientific data available concerning the Crystal River salt conditions other than the 30-300 lb/ acre / year estimated deposition rates.
Salt accumulation and its subsequent effect on vegetation is directly related to the foliar surface. The effect of concentration in prevailing winds should be carefully recorded to provide a means by which an estimate of salt drift concentration and direction may be ascertained.
If salt accumulation reaches a critical level over 15 - 20 years, a general loss of plant vigor will probably be noted. In the marsh plant communities salt buildup will primarily be limited to the soil and subtra-ta associated with the marsh plants. However, in the tree species located on the site, salt buildup will be predominently collected in the tree canopies from which runoff will direct the salt to the ground immediately surrounding these dominant vegetations. If this occurs over an extended period of time, quite high accumulations of salt can occur locally around the tree species. This accumulation is governed to a large
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