ML19224C133
| ML19224C133 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Crane  |
| Issue date: | 05/20/1979 |
| From: | Lefever D, Mattson C, Wilmarth A ARENT, FOX, KINTNER, PLOTKIN & KAHN, BARLEY, SNYDER, COOPER & BARBER |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 7906290091 | |
| Download: ML19224C133 (80) | |
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p l a i n t <.a.ss are:
ine e nsy.va.ia :=i:: pal :or;c ration (a)
~n e City c: 'ancaster, 1
-ith.:s princ;;al office located at.00 ';c r t h Oue Street, 'ancaster, i
Fennsylvania, phone 717-397-3501;
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.ne hty of e c m er Ausuvc.;
a Tannsylv:ni: :=ic. ; = li t y
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Merr, Esqui e, 33 2rth
' authority,.b.ose :ailin;; addrers is :/o O'.arles o.
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.c t=sy3vania, 3.,t..,
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.. Ae Street,. sncaster,
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- 3. achlsen, Jr., an adult individual no resides a: 0;7 East Orange Street, La nc a s t e r, tennsylvania, 176',2,. no.e 7!7-39:-49a3 2
~he defendant is the United States Wu: lear Regula: cry O:nission t
.(hereafter 'iRC), an agency of :he United States Oavert=ent, 4:5 its head-uar:ers in Washington, DC, and.: s facilities for service of process a r.d
- papers located a 1717 R Street
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'.;4 s hing :c a, DC.
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3 Jurisdiction of this ac:icn is based upon-(a) Section 102 cf :'.e ::4:ional Envir:..enta; ?clicy s::
(hereaf ter E?A), 4 2 U. S. C.
14322.
(b) Section 12 o f :he A:c=1: Iner:y A:: of 1946, is t=enced, ;;
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$2:01, Se :io. 201 :: Me Ener;;- teor 3r. i:atia.
,f 1 74, a;
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- !el, and *itle 13, ?te:S '. 9,
O', f 0 and !! cf : e -:de cf Te:ers.
-3;ulatians; (c) 2 5 e. S. C. $1:31(a). Th s se: en is 'c:au;.: a;ains-an spc.c y
- he United 2:a:es.
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e 0 a:rt:: of Saicanta.
5 he muni;ipal pis.-:iffs are 3.ars in: pe ra t or s f a cc:_ _ i: <
pu:lic wa:e - drinking sys tem se rving in excess of 105,000 people :hr: -hou:
.ancaster Osun:y, Pennsylvania.
"S.e individus1 plaintif f is a user an;
- ens;:er cf public drinking water provided by the 2cnicipal plainr* fis.
The
,:unicipal miaintiffs' source of raw drinking sater to se rv e their cus:c=ers is i
the Susquehanna River.
6.
As a result of a nuclear a:ciden: be; inning on March 23, 1979, d e f endan: assumed operational control -f reactor No. O at the nuclear powered
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>1e::rt: genera: ion pla n: owned and operated by Me:ropoli:an Edison Cc:pany and -
leneral Outlic.tilities Curporation and located 4: Three 3dle island, laupnin Coun:
?ennsylvania (herein referred to as 21I).
The NR0 is exercising par-i
- icular centrol over all plans and operations concerning deconta=ina:1on of -he '
i rea::cr buildings and the disposal of was:ewater.
7.
Shortly af ter the acciden: began, approxi=ately 400,000 gallons of j radioactive was:ewater from Cat: No. l'a industrial ste syste=, contacinated in the accident, was dumped in:o :he 3usquehanna Rive r eithout any prior
. no: ice )! such iamping to the plaintiffs or :ne general public. Addi:ionally, there were significan: releases of radicactive.todine into the Susquehanna River i
in the five we e ks after M. arch 18, 1979.
J.. i s-The accident is the worst commercial nuclear reactor accident in 0.5.
1.; his tory.
The reactor No. I containment building is too radioactive to enter, Il and approximately 950,000 gallens of radioactive wastewater are presently i
centained in the reac tor No. 2 buildings a: 7t!.
According to the NEC, about i
' 250,000 gallons of " intermediate level" contaminated wastewater are in the u s u.
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a uxiliary building, a pproxi=ately '600,000 gallons of 'hign level
- radioa :ive eastewater see an :he floor of the reac:ar con:aineen: builcir.g and approxi-
- 00,^^; gal;ons of "-igh level" radioactive waste-ater are i-the a:a;y rea::or'4 -rinary coling systen.
The la:.e
<rs:e has canv leais snich are td;;ns be: ween 1, ^00 and 1,500 ;allens a day of a;hly ra cioac tive, paten:ia;.s 1.
- the was:cwater a; ready in :he*contain=en: building.
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l di. na rge s wa s :e-2 :e r i :o the Sust enanna Live r a:
...:ely five
- f. 5 ? ziles upstreas of the rav r in:ake of the =unicipal plain:tif s' urinking water filter plant.
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10.
Unit i radioactive was:ewater released or discharata fro: T'il sould j 1
flow downstream, perhaos with only slight nixiag with the river water, and I
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water fil: ration plant and systes owned and operated f
, enter and contaminate :he i
1by the municipal plaintif f s, and thereby contasinate drinking water consumed i
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Aby the individual plain:1ff. Such conta=1 nation woulu
- eae - municipal l
i incur substantial expenses to obtain replace:ent water and to I flaintiffsto b:I
'dec ontasina t e, if po s s ible, the wa:er filtration plan: and syste=, and would
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!\\fcause bodily injury by radiation to the individual plaintif f and other cus-I a
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I somers of municipal plaintiffs.
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4 11*
The defendant has control cver the decentamina: ion process and :he lgroposed d=nping over a number of soc:hs of the 950,000 gallons of partially g
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} decontaminated wastewater into the Susquehanna River.
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y 11.
So systes has ever been designed or installed tn decontaminate a com-1:ser ial nuclear reactor under the condi: ions currently existing at
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13.
In sid-April, 1979, without any opportanity for public co=nen: or ireview, the defendant approved a plan to at:empt :o decontamina:e outside the t
I; auxiliary building and dumo the 150,000 gallons of radioac:ive sastesater
)"now contained in the aaxiliary building. The defendant approved the purchase
..acd installation of an EPICOR Il decontamination system of shielded ion exchangers which has been ordered and is currently being installed outside the
!"i 9-auxiliary building..-
sf, resins ;in_.lon Such ion exchange involves the use cexchange cartridges through which the radioactive wastewater would be passed in d
I jordertoremove radioactive ions in solution. The cartridges would become 4
lsaturs ted with highly radioac:ive ions and would have to be removed and replaced i
frequently. plaintif f s believe tha t :he used car:rtdges will 'oe handled and
- stored in a sanner which will no: prevent the release of highly radioactive j
- waste or resin into the Susquehanna Rive r.
The defendants in:end to begin i
li.du= ping wa s tewater trea t ed by E?!OOR II in early June, 1979.
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14.
The defendant has no t yet received or approved a plan to attempt l
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.o.vos ne dec: taninat:an :f :ne 72,::s gal. ns.
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- he prisar" coolant system and the contain en: building.
15 The defendan: intends to auth: ize J;: ping
--1 : he u: ;rior :: ice to 1
or approval by the plaintiffs.
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l 16.
Plaintif f s have not had a eaningf ul opportunity to review or i
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3 cc ment upon any deconta:ination plans and, in particular, the E?l00R II plan e
o 4 wnich has already been approved.
I' 17.
During the course of the accident, a high percentage of the nuclear.
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f uel rods located in the reactor core were oxidized and da= aged.
Sc=e e the j j
i k wastewater currently 12 the reactor buildings has been directly exposed to i
] damaged cladding and fuel pellets.
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i 13.
The waste currently in the reactor buildings centains very high and i
a ai potentially lethat amoun s of biologically significant radioactive isotopes, i
l including bu: not limited to plutonic =-238, strontien-90, cesic=-137, iodice-i
< 121, tricium, and carbon-14.
I 4
resul:ing levels of highly toxic radioac-l 19.
Due to the accident and the 2
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tivity, reactor building No. 2 has been sealed.
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i 20.
Lefendant 710 estimates that the level of radioactivity attributable:
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/= per hour,
100 *=
!! solely to the gases in :he c.atainment building is about a
4.
- although the appropriate monitor is reading about 8,500 res per hour.
Oefe: dant i
has publicly stated that many plant instruments have been disabled by high l
I radiaticn and flooding; 'urther, defendant VRC has admitted it vill not be ablel l
building.f co check these instruments until it is safe to enter the containment I
- 21. : De f endant NRC's regulations set the maximum permissible-levels
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of radiation in unrestricted areas at 0.5 rem per year.
4 are other sources nff E
~. In addition to the gases in the building, there
- radioactivity within the wastewater, which has not been sa= pled because it is 4
4 2nsafe to enter the containment building. The possibility of an accidental
. release of :he radioactive waste gases and water is increased because thegfe.
e pressure inside the containment building is greater than one atmosphere.
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13 Oefendant does not know the precise a=ounts and identity of the l]radioisotopesinthe wastewater, and therefor _e does not know exactly wnat ag e
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- nere is to decon:acinate, and :ses no: know :ne
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. ec;fic
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1:ng terb doses to be expected if my of :Te.ns:a-ater escapes.
M 14.
- he NRO has esticated that it will procably not be safe :o L g [0 ienter the contain=en: building stil at least o.e year fron now.
- he 2 0 is j
.i uncertain of the level of radioac:ive wastewater in the contain=ea: building, but esti=ates tha: the level is around eight feet. L'
- I
'i 15.
he discharge of radioactive wastewater into plaintif fs ' drink.ing l
]
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4 water supply can have serious and irreparable conseque=ces on :he heal:h and bwelfare of the pspulation served by plaintif f s, and, in addition, can have
) severe, adverse economic consequences on the municipal plaintif fs.
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Oue to the unique circumstances of the cuclear acciden: at 1
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i jbuildingandthe wastewater. plaintiffs believe tha t a::e: pts to decontasitate the wastewater and subsequently discharge it into the Sus que hanna Riv2r tant J
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be accesplished in a =anner so as to assure pla:ntif f s and their custocers
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tha: :he decontacinaticn and discharges will pose no ris' to their health, l
f safety or welfare.
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17.
Defendant has not adequtely considered any alternative methods of disposing at the wastewater other than dumping it 1::o the i
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13.
~he auxiliary building and reactor building are shielded and rein-I i
1i forced, and can safely hold the radioactive wate r indefini:ely.
l 19.
The proposed decon:asination ar.d dumping of the wastewater is
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hazardous and will result ir. 1:nediate and irreparable harm to the plaintiff s.
30.
~he Atomic Energy A:: of 1946, :he Energy Imorganiza: ion Act of 1974 Y
l and the regulations promulgated thereunder, i= pose a du:y on the 20 to pro-j l
,tect health and to =inimize the danger to life and property from radioactive l
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e discharges.
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- 31. Any at:enpted decontanination of the radioactive easte water dll 43 necessarily require defendan: EC's prior review and approval of the purchase,
P3 construction and installation of entirely new and additional treatment equipment d
and facilities.
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9 22.
-ne sele::to, par: nase, :: s t ruc..
in.
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- icnal treat e,: equip =en: and f a c il itie s, and subseque.: tischar;es :: the 5e quehanna River, are subjec: to the supervision, dire::icn and c:r.roi :f
- ne defendan:.
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33.
Oefendant 2 C's review, supervtsion, and approval of arf decen-f j
tasination plan, and subsequent discharge into :he Susquehanna River, are 4
d to the require:ents of the Na:ional Environ = ental dactionswhicharesubje::
Policy Ac: of 1959 (' EPA), 42 U.S.C. 54332.
4 34.
- he review and approval of the selection, purchase, construe: ton, j
4aand opera: ion of addi:ional waste treatmen: equipment and f acilities are =ajor l
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4 federal
-ions wnich are subject to the requirements of !E?A.
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35 Def endant NRC has not co: plied with the requirements of :E?A and
!its regulations,,ma r*1cularly IC C. F. R.
Pa rt 31, in that:
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- 1, (a) 2 0 has not prepared and filed a negative declaration or f
a environ = ental L: pact state =ent concerning the already approved plan to decon-l tacinate and du=p the approximately 250,000 gallons of a stewater curren:ly 1 stored in the auxiliary buildin;; and f
(b) E C has not and
'o e s no t intend to prepare and file a negative I
4 4
statement concerning the deconta=ina-d, declaration or an environmental impact i
- ion outside the buildings, and subsequen: disposal, of the highly radioactive !'
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8 water currently in the reactor building.
36.
The defendant's' failures to comply vi:h IE?A and WRC regulations are illegal. Decontamination or discharge eitho ut compliance with ? EPA and i
1 2C regulations will result in direct, immediate, severe, and irreparable hars a
to plain:if f s and users of the municipal plaintif fs' water systems.
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failures to comply with EPA and EC regula: ions have posed and 37.
- he I
l continue to pose a potentially severe health '.azard to the individual plain-1 cif f and to the customers of the municipal plaintif f s.
I 38.
Decontamination or discharge without compliance with IEPA and NRC
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- ! regulations vill result in tereparable econo lc har= to :5. plaintiffs.
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39.
The defend:n: ha s already approved and in: ends to a;; rave a:ct r
plant modifications at O!!, including addi tions of ait filtra:1cn syste=s, liquid waste processing facilities, s:orage vessels, al:ernate decay hea:
I removal syste=s and related equip:ent and controls. These modifications i
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constitu:e changes fro = the :echnical specificaticns previously incorporated f
I in the construction per=1: and license issued by def endan: KRC to the owners and
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operators of IMI.
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cefendant NRC's regulations, particularly.0 C.r.R. 55C.54, provide.
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" t ha t such changes cannot be made ex ce p t pur s uan to a construction per=i:
I granted by defendant YR" 41.
No such construction per:1: for :te =ctifica tions to treat the a
ie 250,0C0 of wastewater in the auxiliary building has been applied for, and 4
3 3
defendant has not required such application, all of wnich is in violation of I 2r O
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1 %RC regulations.
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42.
The defendant does not intend to require a cons:ruction permit for I
whatever system is selected to st:e=pt t-onta inate outside the reinforced.
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i buildings the wastewater in the centainment building, which will be a viola-I, 3,
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] tion of NRC regulations.
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4 LICENSE AMIVDKE?r!
t 43 The plant altara: ions approved and to be approved by the defendant l
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.y make changes in the facility involving unreviewed safety questions which sust ha ve prior review through she license a=endment process set forth in applicable 9j
- VRC regulations, particula
- ly 10 C.T.R. 150.59.
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44 No applica *4 on has been =ade for an atendnen: to TMI's license i
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for the installation and eperation of changes in the facility necessary to e
e atte:pt outside decontacitation cf :he wastewater in the auxiliary building. and i
d NRC has not required and does not intend to require such an applica !
I efendant tion, all of which is a violation of the applicable iTRC regula: ions.
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- 45. refendan: ::es n : in:end :: re:/ re t-L:ar::s : :s ' '
- ense
,.for the installa:ics and opera:Lon of 7.a:ever sys:e: is sele::ed :o a::e:pt t
i outside decontamination of the wastewater in :5e ::ntata:emt buildin;, which i
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' will be a violation of NRC regulations.
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CCOiT !V f
NUISANCE l
46.
The Susquehanna River is an laterstate Laterway directly serving I
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l the populations of New York, pennsylvania, and Maryland.
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l 47.
The prerased decontasination and du: ping of radioactive wasces from l
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l Tlil and the potential for an accidental discharge of highly radioac:ive wastes l l
' which can cause so=atic injury to do.: stream users of the Susquehanna River is januisance.
J 48.
Despite the potential heal:h and safety hazards to the downstress 3
I i users, the defendant intends to approve plans to decontaminate and dump i
i
. radioactive wastewater wi:hout taking adeq ua t e precautions to assure :he ig protec: ion of the downstream ssers from serious injury.
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49.
The def endant's failures to comply vi:h NEPA, ara eith all applic-able federal regulations, present an i==edia te ' threa t to the health, saf ety 1
, and celfare of plaintif f s, their customers, and all downstream users o.f the l
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50.
Def endant 's failures to comply vith NEPA and other applicable l
g federal regulatic s deprive plaintif fs and the general public of any meaning-i 3
7 f oi review of the defendant's decontamination plans, for which there is no l
adequate remedy at la w.
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51.
De f endan t intends to approve the decontamination and dumpicg of i
$ radioactive astewater wit;out prio r.arning to plaintiffs or any downstream 6
a iusers.
4 4
l 52.
Plaintif f s have requested the defendant to agree not to approve the s
a
- du= ping of such wastes into the Susquehanna Rive r, but defendant has refused i
- to honor that request.
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3 52.
? lain:..fs uve re;uested :na: defen:a : :::;.
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'as ref;se: :o
- abl e pt visions of N!?A and VRC regula: ions, be; defendan:
n do s i.
1 54.
Plaintiffs have no adequate re=edy at la w,
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4 55.
Plaintiffs are entitled to injunctive relief to prevent defendant's continued violations of NEPA and NRO regulation.e.
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g WEIRITORE, plaintiffs' request the Ocart :s; i
(1) preliminar ily and pe rmanently enjoin and prohibit the defendant
'd f f rom approving or allow.ng (a) t*e construction or opera tion of any decon-a j, tamination equipment or piping, and (b) the decontasir.ation of or discharging j
j into the Susque'nanna River of any radioac:ive wa s:ewater from, located in, or s' connected eith reac:or No. 2 at Three Mile Island, until the defendant; g
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(1) prepares and properly distributes is accordance -ith federal I
I I regulations an environmental impact statement covering a? 1 the plans to decon-I I
1 j :a=inate the reacto r :.o.
1 buildings at Three Mila Island and s.1 pesa of radioactive was tewate r contained therein, and (ii) pursaant to NR; regulations, grants construction persits for othe plant modifications being sade, and k
3 (iii) pursuant to NRC regulations, grants license amendmen:s for the 3
l plant modifications being made.
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(2) grant the plaintiffs such other relief as is equitable and just l
, und e r the circ um stanc e s.
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..Respectf ully submitted,.
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- =.
Donald E.
Le Feve r Christopher W.
Mattson J1mes A.
na:p hre ys, !!I 4
4 Counsel for plaintiffs 3A F. LEY, SNYDER, COCFIR & 3ARSER l
]CityofLancaster, 115 Ea s t ting 3treet
- City of 1ancaster Au:hority, Lanc a s te r, ?enosylvania 176C2 I
and Albert 3.
Wohlsen, Jr.
(717) ?9-32C1 1
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.., counsel.,or
...asning: n,
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'laiati:fs Tederal Ear Euildin; hi:y of' ancaster,
13' ; M 5:ree t,
.W.
- ' ashing:Sn, % 20006 City of 'ancaster Au:hority, and Alber: 3.
'.% h.'. 2 e n, Jr.
(;02) 857-t000,
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Ar ctur E.
'ilr.arth, Jr.
l Re ed *.. v on P.au r 1
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COUNU CT LLNCASTER
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t AL3ERT 3. W7dL5?.N. JR., being duly af firmed according to law, ceposes and; i
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says that he is as adult individual and the M.syor of the lity of Lancaster,
$ Pennsylvania, that he is authorized to sign this Cocplaint and that tne facts i
I e.
I i set forth in the foregoing Cocplaint are just and true to the be s t of his inf or-
=ation, k:cwledge and belief.
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.? A.f firmed to and subscribed
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3befoce =e this J C day
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1of M.aw, 1979.
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waNea P. uveit AY. Notary Puenc LahC2ST. L.Jacaster Co PL My commuon Evas bow. 3,1960 3
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! C:~T CF 1x; CASTER, C ~Y CT 'ACASTER A!!"dCR *T, and A13ERT 3. WCRI.SE'i,.'R.
Plain:iffs v.
Civil Ac tion No.
~~N!!"iD STA~ES 'EC1. EAR FIC'1ATORY CC E SS!CN, Cefendas:
A??!.!C.CION FCR ? ?I!1!N ARY 3Jt.'N C*! CN Purs u an t :o Rule 65(a) cf the Federal Rules of Civil ? ocedure, and upes the Oc= plaint. Affidavits, and Me=o cf ?cints and Autheri:1es included with t his Application, and prcper notice to the a: Verse earty, the plaintif f s hereb y request : hat the Court (1) prelisicarily enj cin and prohibit the defendant frc= appreving er alleving (a) :he constructies er epera:ics of any decceta-dna: ice equip-ten: cr piping, and (b) the dec0ctatinatien cf and discharging into :he Susqueha.ma River of any radicac:ive vastevater frem, located in, er connec:ed with reac:cr No. 2 at Three "ile Island, un:il the def enda:::
(il prepares and preperly distributes 1.c atterdance vi:5 f ederal law and regs latices as enviren=e=:a1 i= pact st a t e:e nt coveri=g all the plans to decentacirare the reactor No. 2 buildings at ~hree Mile Island and to dispose of radioactive wastevater contained therein, and
- ~,
(ii) demonstrates t3 the Court that.it has given good faith censidera-rica to all alternative solutions required to be revie eed in the envire== ental i= pact statement, and
( iii) pursuant to NRC regula:ians, grants censtructics permits for the plact odificatiens being =ade, and (iv) pursuan: to ';RC r egulations, gran:s license a end:ents fer the pla nt =cdifications b elog =ade.
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7_56 029
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e do g tz: the plaintiffs s;:h :-
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is '. s *: 2itat ie i
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!- _: de r :t.e :.r:a: stances,
-- h 3ecause of the def endan:'s caget g ap;revais f p repars:i::s f --
0d deccstt:ination and discharge, w".ich 1:creas ingly thr e s:en har: to the 4
i plaircif f s, the plaintif f s r equest this Cour: li it be ti=e fer resp::se in oppcsities :s t'ais application to eight (3) days frem service, 4:4 fer as exped$:ed hearing en the =erits of petitlener's further soves this Court c:=; lain; f or preli=1:a ry and fina'. inj u=c:ive relie f, b ecause NRC c:ari=ues to ta' s decisions significantly at 'ec: Lag the hu=an e.avirc :ent which a
- ss:ric: cc sideration of all avai.ahla alte:na:1ves, in violation of the Naticaal Eaviro=me=tal Policy Act 4.. U.S.C. $4 321 et sec.
I
?. espe:: fully su' i::ed, c
Canald E. Lefever Christopher W. Ma t t s on Ja:es A. Ha=phreys, !!I C0unst. for plaintiffs 3 ARLIT, SNTIER, CCCPER & 3A72ER City cf La: caster, 113 East Kine Street City of Lan: aster Authority, Lancaster, Pennrylvania 17602 and ALb e r t 3. W ehls en, Jr.
(717) 099-5101 Washing::n, 3.C., counsel f or ARD;T, 70%, CCER, ?LCTKI'l & KA3.'i plaintif f s Federal Bar BuildingN City of Lancaster,
!!15 3 Street, N.W.
City of Lancaster Authority.
Washington, D.C.
200C6 and Albert 3. 'Johlsea, Jr.
(202) 857-6000 Ey Arthur E. Wil:arth, Jr.
R e ed L. v on F.s u r e
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4l CIU CT ' GCASTI2, j
- n n -e CisTra A m :s m,
and Al3EF" 3. WCEl.SEi, JR.
j Flaintiffs I
Civil Actica No.
v.
g Zi!ED STA~IS NUC1.EAA
?.I';C.ATO RY CC.515 5 !ON,
Oefendant
- r. m..
W.IFIAS, plaintif f s have =cved f or a p reli=inarv in; unction res training def enda:t 'iRC frem appreving er alicwing any discharge of radicactive vaste water into the Susque. anna River f ren the reactor No. 2 bullein;; and the i
reacter No. 2 auxiliar/ bui.lding at Oree Mile Island, Cauphin County, Pe =rylvania, until def endant ec: lies with the provisions cf the National l
E=virec=en tal Policy Act of 19 69 (NE?A) and defendant's regulatic.s cen-cerning the modificatice of nuclear power plant ce.s tructics and cpe rati:g licenses;
'aEEEAS, upcn censideration of the verified pleadings, af fidavits, the parties' Memcrandu= cf Points and Authcrities and argunent cf counsel, the Court finds that -laintif fs are entitled to the relief requested; TF_RITORE, the Court crders that def endant NRC is prelisinarily enj cised :
(1) f ren approving er al.leving (a) the cet.struction er operation of any decenta:Anatics ' quip ent er piping, and (b) the decentaminatien cf a-d discharging into the Susquehanna Flver cf any radicac tive vasteva ter fre=,
)
iccated in, or cc nected with reau
't '."hree Mile !sland, until tne i
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i 256 03i
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'I,t 7:e;s es ar-rrc:er.
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an: regula:.:ns in en arct enta'. :::2:: i:. e: L. : :
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L.
.ans r
-- ]:o de::n- :::a:e the reac:cr 50. 2 tuilait;s a: T ree File : s lin - an: to llj; dispose of radioactive vastewater cen:2:ned :herei:, and (ii) de ens tra:es to the Court that it has g'.ve good f aith c::sideratice to all alternative sclutic:s required to be r eviewed is :he e :vir:n t: al i =p a c t state =ent, a nd
( iii) pursuns: to NRC regulaticas, grrats cc:s:ruc::ca perrits fcr the plant modificaticas being made, and (iv) pursuan: to 510 regula: ices, grants lic ense a=endtests f or the plant =edifica:icca being =ade.
Cate:
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- STR;CT
'e CCLC'.3 LA r
O!TY CT LANCAS!!R AUTHCRITY, 20 and AL3ERT 3. WORLSEN, JR.
Plaistiffz e
i v.
' UNITED STA*IS NCCLEAR l RECULATORY ;C MISSION, Cefendant i
I i
AJF :0 AVIT i
t The andersigned, being duly sworn according to la, depose and say i that:
i i
1.
They are adult individ ual s, residents of a nca s t e r, Pe= sylvania,
t
. and hold the po sitions set forth after their names, as folio.s: Albe r t 3.
l Wohlsen, Jr., Mayor of the City of Lancaster; Feter M.
Schannauer, Assis tant to.
1 Mayor of the City of Lancaster; Julia F.
3ra:ill, member of City coencil of' 4l the I the City of Lencaster;
. 1 E. Tord, semoet of City Council c' the City of Lanc ste r ; Arthar I. :torris, resigning Director of Public Works of the City of 4
Ang s t ad t, successo r Diractor o f ?ublic Works.
1, Lancaster; and John ?.
i 2.
They attended a briefing given by rapresentatives of the 7 aclea r I
,j i
i
! Regulatory Cc: mission (hereaf ter :rRC), Me tr o polit sn Edison Company (hereaf ter 1
) !!et Ed) and Ceneral Public Utilities Corpcration (hereaf ter CPU), and others, I
held at the Eershey ?totcr Lodge, Eershey, Penns ylvania, on M.ay lo, 1979, con- !
I cerning plans for decentamination and discharge of radicactive wastewater into '
y ijj rhe Susquehanna Riv e r.
lj 3.
The :rRC staf f represee.catives were as follows:
I Richard 3. Voll:er - Assistant 01 rector for Systens & Projects, 01 vision of Operating Reacters and 7;RC Staff Oirector f o r Th.
'.e
.Sle Island Operation 3rian K.
Cri:es
- Assistant Director for Zagineering & Projects, Division cf Operating Reactors i
d John T. Collins
- Chief. Ef fluent Treatment Systems 3 ranch, 01 vision of Site Saf ety and Environmental Analysis a
05: '9
' rana -cngel
- Se:*1an 'sacer, 1.
12103 2 '. Assess:e :, 2 of Site Iafe: and Environt en:41 Anal s:s
/
Roter:
Lores
- 7.adia:ica f;ecialis:, Envi ros=en tal and "pe :i s.
?rojects kc: ion, Cffice ef ins peciton and _- f o :e-
- ent, Ee g i I
- Thosas C.
C1sasser - Sta:e Liaisen Cfficer, VRC Region I I
4.
The primary 'tetropolitan Edison representative wa s F.e r:a n O t e t kam p, ;
i,
\\
jPresiden: of CPU, parent company of :M: Ed.
l 5.
Mr. Oiec ka:p,
.-ho spoke af te r the TRO represen:at:ves, sta ted tha t i
(a) all "nt Ed operations of the plant are unde r the "in !=a:e j
,!scru:iny" of the 7RC and are "inti=at ely coordina ted" by the VRC; i
f (b) !!e t Ed mus t obtain rpecific approval from NRC for its decon-j l
- amination plan; i
i l
(c) :5e plant is spersting eithou: =any of its ins:ru=en:s i;because they have been disabled by the high radiation or ilooding in the con-e i
jtainment building; l
l i
(d) in his view, the leas: costly decontamination plan wou'd l
r tavelve dischargirg thi was:ewater ad:er clean-up into the Susquehanra Rive r.
l I
6 TRC's Vollmer sta:ed : hat:
J l
I l
(a) there is " highly
- contaminated water in the reactor I
e.
a
) building and primary coolant systes of unit So. 1; (b) no wastewater stil be processed or discharged entil the KRO l
his performed a detailed review and analysis of Met FA ' s pl4ns, specificationa,'
J l
construction, and. controls for decontamination equipment; (c) no one ha s ye t been able to sample the highly contaminated water on the floor of the containment building; j
f I
(d) the NRC has already approved Kat Ed's selection of f aci-l' 4 lity changes and a decineralizatien system, known as Epicor !I, for the a t te=p t 1
itc,as I to decontaminate the approximately 250,000 gallons of " inter:ediate level" f
- onta:inated radioactive wastewa:er in the auxilia < building, unich syste:
will be ready for operation in :hree or four weeks; 3
i (e; Met Ed ha s no t yet =ade a ct oice of equipment to treat
})thehighlyradioac:ive waste in the primary coolant system and on the floor of
- he contrin=ent building; r
i 236 03,4
7 sf}
e "T : ha s :: receree:
'r:=
':4 : La an ;;
.1
? 4
. cast; u:: ton pe rni: for tne modificatio"s nos bein; La c e to 'ne ?! -- for the
!?!OCR 11 ion exchanger.
(g) co discharge would be made 2ntil after TRO approval ef *.e: Li ' s I
plans, equipment and procedures.
j a
i 7.
Mr. Gri=es of TRO stated that in the second week of.gril, Me: L!
l lsuggestea:he use of as E?!COR II system fcr :he dr e nutamination of :ne sastes i
finthe aaxiliary building, and that :he VRO ap sto ed this concep in the second, 1
1 t
week of April, and gsve final approval for 1:a construction in the third -eek in cI i
4 j April, 1979. Additionally ie disclosed :nac :he VRC does not intend to requirej 1;Me: Ed to apply fcr an amendmen: to 1:s license for the cons:ruction ci
.ra-4
,: ion of :he decon;a=ina tion sys te=.
Mr. Voll=e r stated %a t he did not ino s ifl
';RC regula:1 :- s.ould require Met Ed to apply for an amend:ent to 1:s license kbecauseofthemodificatio-to the plant.
Mr. Collins stated : hat the decon-tamina: ion system will consist of a series cf shielded demineralizers.
l S.
Mr. Collins sta:ed
- hat no system had yet been proposed by Pat Ed I for trea:ing the "hign leve " radioactive waste in the pri=ary coolant
.es
)
4 Ia.d containment building.
Mr. Voll=er s:a:ed that the MRC's review of Me t I
i 4 Ed's ;roposal, yet to be =ade, of a yste: :o at:e:pt :o de c o n:a=inat e :.e l
jwaste in the pri2ary coolant sys tem and con:airseat building vill have "the l
4
) co==on flavor of an environ: ental impact statement."
Mr. Voll=er stated that i
)
l there is some uncertainty as to the radioac:ivity of cl.e vaste in the pri=ary ;
I coolant sys tes and the containment building. He also stated that there i
I are 550,000 to 600,000 gallons of wastewater on the floor of the contain=ent 4
i building, and that t ha t amoun t is being increasec by 1,000 to 1,500 gallons pe r q
l day, du-to lea kage from the pri=ary coolant ystem, some of which leakage is no rmal.
9.
Mr. Vollmer stated : hat the NRC has not issued Ti::en orders :s j
,-', "et Ed concerning the discharge of.a:er originating in Unit 2 to the w*
/.,
Sus q ue ha nnt., bu: that NRC representatives have given oral orders to ",et Ed e
i
}
2 represent.
s ao: to =ake any such discharges until they were spe:ifically a
' approved,by 7.10.
3 256 035
~ ~
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..3 10.
Mr. Oc111:s stated na: :e I?l;:1.. de ; eral. e r
- he
~~
able to process :he "high level" radica::17e vas:es in tne pri:2.
- .122:
systen and the contain=en: building, and no technolegy exists today :s :rea large quac:1:1es of :ritium. He esti:ated that there are appr:xt:stel 2,000 to 3,000 curies of radioactivity due to tritium to the wastewa:er in :he con-j I:ainmen: b rild ir.g.
1 I
'1.
Mr. Orimes stated tha: tre cladding of the fuel rods '-as cxidized l
l l and theref ore =ade bri::le during the accident, and that fuel pelle:u wers
+
djexposed to the ;rizary coolant durin; the accident.
2 l
3 12.
Mr. Crimes stated that a decanta=ination ani: called E?IOCR I is i
A I
jalreadytreatinglow-levelradioac:ive wastes which origina:ed frc:
u= 1: No.
j i and discharging the decanta=inated va ter to the Sus q ue ha nna Riv e r.
i 1
13.
Mr. Voll=er stated tha::
1 (a) the NRC's reviev af Me t Ed's plans and actions is a con-l tinuing process, including monitorir_g, inspe: tion and enforcement, I'
(b)
=uch of this review ha s no t been performed using the same j
l f o rma t as the nor:al review process used by the NRC in '4ashington, 30, but that the KRC staff at Ohree :dile Island has =ade the reviews the s taf f :hought were rneeded; s
1 1
1 (c) the radioac:ivity levels and i=our.ts of water in the con-l t a '.nmen t building are unusual; I
I (d) the six of isotopes in the pri:ary coolar ad the contain-ment building water may be unusual; a
l (e) that the applica: ion of decontamination technology to such a large volu=e of wa:er is anusual.
14.
Mr. Collins sta:ed that a nuclear fuel processing plant on !daho I, has processed higher levels of radioactivity than presently exis:
in the pri-
- ary coolant sys
- en and contain=ent butiding, but that :he Idaho plan:
, 1:scharges its wastewater to an underground deep aqt if er, which is about 100 frem the oearest ra w water intake for a -ajor supplier of drinking
,. =iles j water.
g i
i t
256 036
- au, y i
.5 nr. '-_:es
-a_:4 -hat the '70 has -- :rr.
- ne ;
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2.
16.
Mr. Voll er stated.ha t enforce:en: responsibility on si:a is VRC's, and that NRC has the authority to step cperations ani-to s:op i
discharges.
i J
17.
Mr. Vollmer also said there are approxt:ately 55 to 60 NRC staf f I
jpresently at TMI.
l' 1
4 18.
Mr. Voliser sta:ed that the dov=strea users' reques: for cotifica-l 1
1 l: ion ;rior to discharges was no: a condition they had ence ;ntered before, and q
f tha t the NRC did not wa n: to be put is the siddle on that issue betwees Met Ed I
and the dovestream municipalities.
Mr. Crimes stated that he did not feel i
1 that actice needed to be addressed until the concentrations of the discharges l
s t'
to be cade were kno wn.
Mr. Vall=e r said that he feared that notice to l
4
- downstream asers of the li
- es cf certain iischarges would be a confusing f ac-i I
tor because discharges are routine and almost continuous.
1 i
19.
Mr. Cri=es stated.. the decontarination syr a:s sculd be located.
j (Iou: side the heavily reinf orced containment and auxilary 51.ldings.
i t
20.
Mr. Collins stated tr.at the water processed b; !?!;CR 11 vill be 4
4 i discharged into the Susquehanna Rive r.
l j
21.
Mr. Crimes stated that the decen:a=ination she id be atte=pted on j
$ site, because it would be too dangerous to move the contaminated water l
l
' elsewhere, but that decontaminated water could be disposed of soce'_here other I
than the Susquehanna River.
I I
22.
Mr. Vollmer stated that the RRC would evaluate the i= pact of discharge on downstream dri -
water u.sers and the environment.
l t
4 t
I 23.
Mr. Crises stated that the escape of the radioactive wastewater in I
the primary coolant systes and the containment building to the Lisquehanna River would be " environmentally significant" and potentially could cause I
4 s erious environ = ental ha r7 24.
Mr. Vo ll= e r, Mr. Crimes and Mr. Collins sta:ed that alte natives :o'
) discharge into the Susquehanna would be conside red, but did not indicate w5.t J
all those alternatives were or the extent of consideration which would be
- iven
- o the.
- i.
- 5:Oi9 l
l 25 Mr. Vall:er 2e e.. -:
- as enc ron 'n:al i= pact sta:e=ent for the plan to i s :o n :a: Lr.a : e ne tea: ::
- ui.cing, bu: ad=1 :ed :54: no such s:steze.:
1: :e e n ra:tre: ::: :e
..already approved plan to Je:cr a,1 w e the tactncti.r ater i-t r.e a.ilar?
i
' building.
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- b" 256 038
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jI CC.'O'.0LMTd 0F ?E';';5T./Jd'IA
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) 55
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CO*.' C OF LleiCASTER
)
3 Each of the undersigned, being duly affirmed acc rding to law, F
deooses and says that the facts set forth in the foregoing Affidavit are 3
just and true to the best of his or her information, knowledge and belief.
i k
I Affi ned to and subscribed
)
before ne this g day of
)
6.
(SEAI.)
)
(Arthur E. " orris) hy, 1979.
)
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l Nff.m u t f.
xw
)
l (Notary Puclic)
)
Vtr07..w..
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um us ca. Pt i
e, W b.we 4 U. ;l75 Affi n'd to and subscribed
)
e m
r o A
(SEAL) before ne this /? day of
)
)
J/
(Julia F. 3 ra:x.L4 May, 1979.
)
Jzou e a -
)
i (Notary Public)
)
VERO*0A L CAV:1 M'T Puthe un.2'Jef. UMl A PL m, c,waiman Emen w U.1571 Affir=ed to and subscribed
)
before ne this // day of
) d' T4 (SEAL)
)
, Ronald E. Ford)
(
l May, 1979.
)
l k E ~~.W (Notary Public)
)
l YERCNICA._ CAyli %.ny p, egg ba:rm. us A pg
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Affir=ed to and subscribed
)
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I
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l before ne this /.f day of
)
s 92-
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(SEAL)
)
//
(John P/ Angstadt)
May,,1979.
)
t
, /Amw -li. xhm Y
)
(Notary Public)
)
i W w t :ms. s::ar r.w:
an:n.er uac. k Fa 9 * **abau 4 U,ing 1
j
'l 256 039
l il l
a 4
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__ l Affir ed to and subscribed
)
(f)
)
f TMA '
s
,]
before ce ::is /[ day of
)
/
LSI_U.)
3
)
(Peter . Schannauer) 1979.
)
F May/,
sg
)
v p's,1 en-A. m-
)
(Sc:ary Public)
)
I VNAG L C#1 hc ar rA tam. A ca N l
w m un u n.1sn 6
i Affir:ed :o and subscribed
)
[ Ex,
)
n e w. 9f s
-;'l
(
before =e this /f day of
)
(S FX.)
l
)
(Alber: 3. Wenisen, Jr.)
May, 1979.
)
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(24 - /. 4d w )
(Nota:/ Puelic)
)
YERCNC,1 L Carl W %
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256 040
bC/ CWD
,a I
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i ii IN TRE I
CIITED STATES DISTRICT COCRT l
t FOR tie j
DISTRICT OF COLiMSIA
+
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l C!TY OF 'ECASTER.
CITY Of ubASTM AU NORITY,
',and ALSERT 3. WCHLSEN, JR.
(
Plaintiffs CIVIL ACTICN l
j No.
v.
f
.! LNITED STATES NUC1. EAR 5RECULA!0AY C09.ISSION, l
)
D+= f enda nt ATFIOAVIT CF THE SECRITARY OF THE CIrf CF LANCASTER A'JTHORITY h
1 GERALD E. 30W.AN, being duly affirmed according to las, deposes 2nd saysi I
i j
1.
He is t.he Secretary of the City of Lancaster Aathority, a i
?ennsylvania municipal authority.
l 2.
On December 1, 1955, the City of tancaster Authority entered into a t
lease with the City of Iancaster whereby the water sys tem serving Lancas te r City, I
Pennsylvania, and its environs, was leased by the Authority to the City of lLancaster.
)
=
I j
3.
On t f.e date, the City of tancaster Authority entered into a 4 trust indenture securing its water :evenue bonds which were subsequently sold to h
l the general public in the open bond :arket.
l 4.
Since Oece.ber 1, 1955, supplemental leases and supplemental trust indentures have from time to time been entered into between the sa=e parties and the Authority's bonds at such ti=es were again sold to the general public in the a
fopenbondmarket.
5.
Pur s t a n t to the terms of the lease and the indenture, the Authority Licollects rentals from the City of '2ncaster derived f rom the revenues earned by; I
i I the City's water system, shich revenues are in turn paid over by the Authority i
i 1
to the trustee under the truat indenture and ultimately used to pay the interest
- and principal on the Authority's bonds to the holders thereof.
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6.
The primary source of water for the City's water system is the t
l Susquehanna Rive r.
l 7.
The City operates a water plant near the Susquehanna River.here the t
water is purified and passed into the system for consumption by the system's N
cus t omer s.
f 3.
The intake valves to the City's watec plant are in the Susquehanna i
) River, downstream f rom Three Mile Island, and water or any other atter J
14 discharged into the Susquehanna liver at Three Mile Island vill of necessity l
l 6
pass downstream and into the sate r plas:t when the intake valves are open.
l 3
t 9.
The proposed dischar;e of radioictive 44ters f rom Three Idle Island,'
treated or untreated, constitutes a threat not only to the health and safety ofl the users of the <ater system but to the financial integrity of the City of i
i Lancaster Authority and its bonds.
10.
Castomers of the water system say cease using unter from the system l or may ref use ta pay the charges levied f or the use of ater because of psycho I logical :oncerns and fears arising as a result of the nuclear accident and the l
i (jannounceddischargeofcontaminatedwater.
i l
11.
Foreseeable and likely results of such action insof ar as the f
and bondholders are concerned are as f o llows :
l Authority and its bonds l
(a) Authority's bonds, which are presently rated AAA, will be j
i
'freduced in rating, thus substantially increasing costs of future financing by I l
the Authority.
i (b) value of the Authority's bonds on the secondary kond Larket I would decline.
(c) 3y reason of loss of revenues, the Authority's bonds could go I l
into default causing ultimate loss of capital funds and interest to the heldersl 1
j of the bonds.
J Ac c o rdin gly, the L!ty of Lancaster Authority joins in this action as a' A
3 f
l party plaintiff to pretect the financial integrity of the security of its bonds'!
i and its bondholders.
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t C0!?"C'Ta ?.ALTM CF PENS 3YLVANIA )
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SS:
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CriTY CF LANCASTIA
)
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i The understgned, being July af fir:ed ac ording to las, deposes and
)
says that the facts set forth in the foregoing Affidavit 4re just and true to the best of his inf or:ation, knowledge and belief.
i "1
'Affir:ed to and subscribed
)
l
,1
)
before me this efc" day of )
7
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)
4,,"Y ' ^, 9 7 9 *
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)
/Ge'/c d./ 4, 7MSer_Lif^'}
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)
(cerald E.
57-san)
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Secretary of City of Lancaster Authority "z J A iv;G
%wa )
1 Sotary Pu0liC
)
..areC4 r
- JR A AY, Notary Puds 4
- Lancaster. Lancasier CA Pa.
i Vy ammission Dages Nov. 3,1930 a
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I' THE I
- TED STATES SIST3!CT CCc4T 1
~
FCR THE l
J CI5TRICI CF C;. M3LA i
l
- CITY OF LA N CA S T E R,
l l CITY ;F 'x CASTER CTHCRITY,
-and AL3ERT 3.
WCALSEN, J R.
Plaintiffs C;'.!L ACTION i
I j
No.
y,
.i F L ?:lTED STATES N"JCLEAR
,; 4ECULATCRY CCP3ISSloN.
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Defendant I
I ti AFFIDAVIT OF M.AYCR ALEF RT 3.
WCHLSEN, JR.
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J AL3ERT 3. WCHLSEN, JR., b ing duly sworn according to law, fepuses i
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jandsays that:
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He is the 'Syor of the City of Lancaster, peansyivania.
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3y virtue of his position as !'ayor of the City of Lancaster, since the beginning of the accident at Three tiile Island he has received I
i nuserous telephone calls and Nas been approached on the s:reets and in other l
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! public places by persons expressing fear, conce.rn and apprehension sith respect d
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" to the quality of the City's drinking sater supply.
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':umerous let ters to the editor have been published in Lancaster's l
newpapers expressing citizens' centerns about the safety and the purity of the I City's water supply and system in view of the Three Stile Island decontamination l I
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and discharge plans, exa=ples of which are attached hereto as exhibits.
l 4.
?rior to May 16, 1979, affiant and others cade repeated attempts to j obtain accurate infornation f rom the :iuclear Re;ula tory Cassission cancerning
/decontaisinationanddischarge plans of the radioactive waste sater, 411 of shick were unsuccessful.
1 to
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Affiant received contrary and coflicting information from the NRC and received only generalized assarances that any decontamination plan would be safe.
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256 044
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Cnly after repeated de-ands for ac:urite infer ation and the threat l
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'of litiption did of ficials :f 'aC a;;ree to.eet publicly with =unicipal of fi-b
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<ials of the downs t reas wate r users, which meeting took place May 16, 1979.
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Contradictory statements have been ade by ?aC and the plaat l
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Ilicensee since the accident concerning the situation with the teactor at I
k Island and the extent of the,ntential hnger to the public.
j y;Three.'ile 1
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8.
A1;ost daily published reports released by 'aC and the President's t
Cc =ission to !nvestigate th C Accident at til concerning secious operating
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errors and the ignoring of safety ' ave resulted in total loss of ;ublic con-i 8
I' in the ability of the 'RC to adequately protect the public's tricking N; f idence l
I 1water supply, which reports are attached hereto as exhibits.
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9.
'GC's conduct in excluding the public f rom participation in taking l
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1decisions, coupled with repeated misinformation, have created a high level of anxiety d uncertainty among the general public.
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Affian believes tha: the only way to allay the pu:lic concerns is l co have all decontamination plans and any alternatives to dunpin;; into the i
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I l Susquehanna River f ully examined and subjected to public review and co= ment.
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CCMCWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA )
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3e undersigned, being duly af firmed according to law, deposes and i
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l says that the facts set forth in the foregoing Af fidavit are just and true to l
the best of his infor:ation, knowledge and belief.
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' Affir=ed to and subscribed
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1 s a i before ce this M, day of )
l I.ay, 1979.
N G Ol s_.+A A (SEAL)
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( Albert
- 3. Wohlsen' Jr.)
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- ocary Public
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I j *WANM P. MumY. Why P@c l
.s.urw. tancaste ca, PL My Comm ss.on Emres Nov. 3. n?sa 6
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.'. 1.. /. te ido ct ;s:::.=g-adma: :vewa:e sta the Sws--a f. to bed = ped ir,to the Sc.me=2::a ?.verins the cc T t=vson wvn i.
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! T:st:t ceN we oa-d to seal up tre h.CeIs'ar.d p.a.c'5,:aL:actve vin'..-
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7.%ater' pg soc;te d L*6( wa:e;is oc.* 24tous.2 v.ccc
-2:a IL > uracceoub;c becst.se tem:s o.3 - ami 24 Dn'ver. I*.s ce c:7 rasac wr p 2
.%' ~w.ay u c::'^*letay run,.7 e aJ t e rat. sac =1re srMance.#f.4 f y smacma d a=y
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- w. r.u w. s.--wire > <e 5 4 Mr * *Io ther NRC. GGvtJ or Dath:a. I.T. Pe3..t.u, d I Ca:ter a:d a=y other prble o!L=a s wte are ' ~~-
@ t No 'one t:wes bew;:x2 rac.acos Ls too :nx. C.A r.De cf.cy,,:,p:= de:::
LrWavc.r Pree::asScl:23 poc.eti cct dar:i tte water :s e.1::pel:.r.4 sarng we must stry a2x164 wan to cas e :.ic: car ; owe saf aN'# '
a P;.:.a-r.ie ::ver no cce cows.bewdeur,; tie rad,ca::vitywCa, I sy fice:go ahead aM s%'y. but meash.;e d.dt =ne mJ -6 C.5 a.s i:1ce r-w'=r andper;p,.q C,*;m R 6.% har::aa g a:er pn Radat a is cat' safe. Nicar ;cwe tda::s r. ras,
- $h,')r. Cart Hez:t ct the Nato::a1f ee r+LarDvswCu:ral'sW are trt saf e. 53 actsf a:* arm-1in Ce.U.5:.:tL7:1 rec;# P-N ;;: re:ucrucasas D;b.sh* 'ia.d tha: pct;;c Fem:a. n* u-u bow--. are. nor;r:fs*.-No r fests w;11r. app e.,..'e -tow ca:7 p.moci are :m.6 % W.9 :-@,+
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.-4 e asauttr.e eff=r*> af consi.act dasdIowleveirar atoa Ee4 2 a said tial s::.aJ amous:s of rai;.z:fom neeved over a long ;rridy =m Some will argue t'.at ac: dens wG happe.w :5 a y b:d ce e 7.1 i?. ci tae.=ay tais* mare taWhioion.cief!er s tha2 wouild" p:cr. erg. B:t m madear powe. 2e r=as are uo t.c to rcea e
- -k s: :: ar o.a :::es rdreveiall at onced as O. t a boch isp. a compreemd. h=n asez obs:27 bcus m a bet we.'l. ',,w;,
io uss Dr. '-ie.a:A.posct.ediout t::.at"apa xm:1.c.f rav.abcoc sc, a:rsei to be the P::ceAnderson Ac:.One ca.:ot 31 a price :ag.! '
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- p.2: : S lhwat::s abMy todade a'ce11 arn 1-s induce P.oo h=a7 hie _ Tyoia b4 eve 02t4 wtte ywr 4.Q: ors a:.:,
a c.; cacer. i r'.,.-#4C'v
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3.W Dr.Do.a 3 Dui.clNew IIaves, who stuCciramvars of ' :" -. Nucicar pswer custbe r.c:9ed ocw bdcmt des 2cysuilf Oe br.,c::4 of Nagasazi asd &&# areas thatbr g ter:::
there is a sect to s :cy it lafer. After safe avetuas sacs as sc.ar enar re 13 icw levt s d rat 2:mr is chJT dartg* tus. CT, Ca:@la:Mi wiDd pows'r have te*J Oortgily eI%orTd f.se. 3Utlet's Dot.
- Jor:::sont a De:ve paesx ae wbck har s:x2ied rada::co leaks. - lase s@t of our pr.ori::es and our very tale rgt:s to -'.fe.
"7 ::cm a C:iortia esc: ear weeoocs p'.ast;found that casc-r ints f. 13erty, and the t of ta:psoesc 7.e tave those r. guts and
. dere rates 1:r easett two-imtd=::d 3 year period'in thee,;,_tcust not dp.et FJ. NBC,."i:==y Ca:.cr. cr a:voce ef3e :s u=.e.w, am a er wopos ptant.4% -
- n tae a-rs: eo= =. w-e a w -rwm anar c.a:=,.
P.a;1.ost:va_ subs:ances att batly; cart =)ogedc. nat is a e M g'sard 2 me r:4t:3. -, %
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e k.Dow11 fact athj IJs betj! k.:M3s s:Det le e2rty 1.NL II:s the ociy h -,' ik
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...ct we,e-w ou nom.a reu.m:g to ew raemct,e wmer. - - ~ v a v. -; a;. - % =
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Don'> The Risksf[S.gfQ:(gg,j.,,,..gQ gg..,.U ;'.". Q d.2 t
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With O.ur. Water T..
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-w1 l' Alzg w:*h two cier cocerned peple. I 2". ended the-PUC rate hearingsh w..
. De vary Pru of ds=p ng CS,000 gaj.. ' Ea=ubr.rg es Wedeoday,'. day 3. We b :ard Mr. M:::est hd. ace, Ma::ager of FA..
!:-s of radioac::ve(so ca"ed dee==ta:=ir:at.
GPU5emetCerporat;os.tet' yt :dercathcat the cot:;.ary est: r.ates that';tF'.ci tei ai?) nter frorsthe Thzee Mi*a ls'and siter G Ecw!y or etterw.se) lets the Sasqueh helreds in the rrsc:ct d TMI. Crut
- were perfdrated by the a c.d et on Mard :1 F*.c!
Peer is uncertsc:seable and wibout rei;ard.,,.- Jor::= ta beredxe its a po w-f. further tert'.ed that 17 to ?M.
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ta the hea:6 or safety of hur=an teings.-
,How.as ee r.ame of hu:=an d:g::ity',t;.. nis i f ar ::atiotia 6:therbdication cf just how h!ghly ra6cactive ce pf.r::ary
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coat the NRC or acycne a" w this ts te.. p. ex'astis th,at was rp;"ed'tr 25e Coct cl t3e contal::=,a is thepe eit tv%.:3. U: pes:ioa abiy tie g eg g g, I"*I-Ken C* ark, spokes.an'for-the NRC -~ ** $
- mears tte C.M g2"ocs etwatrithe NRC p'.ans ta d::frp is ce Si:spetaa.a R;veis a :::ir.e4 that the water contaicrradcae',
ig. cn::t==ata'd wt!.h cu=r cu.s 'radicactive isotepas, be wc:st d Sese te:g tive odee. Kryptm.asd Xesce. as well as - -
e ad%'e d W pgStchm. a MC m A
As Stroctt-4'.a.zH incwith a WecW. u.ays. NN seva allseg4imtehr:nectsruct:
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--~.P.*_ W 'J~. _.-- # p' R Strsati =s 50 a:xi Teh::ettu= 99 h i
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hadliv-s of '"3 yars and 21.M0 years..
.J4!:k T3 cmc 2I'T ! porta:r to cur' heals to stop cis a:'Jon. P!cse te 1 re:p-eve 1. (Hew are ticy going to decoeN
..r32cerned. P' ease wrue or cz2 Rep. Ecbe t WaT.zr, Roors A b:gwarth Mga tammate these e;ee ents?r.
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- :d soc e other way to dispose of thir-" 3-Washingtse D.C.315,Cav. R.ctard norrhurth, ne C.;ibt. F.amshrg IMO maycr and yeer water cc=;.a=y. b.1 Sem ktow pa s4; ort ceir efforts ta s:c, ce r water! We have had e,ou gh. '
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, ta= picg d cis poison icta our water supply.
By this t'.: e eve yone should be coet.-
-; s f:S f rice-d that co cce ls ca;:ah!e ef. hand 2=g 5
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ca No e c::! ear power.*If we err !et as errea tha p l',
..' s g. w e.:;i fid cBel hl side cf safety!" Do not take a cW of ~
coman uu tirg ourdrirJo rrg water.4-Mrs. Jt.,* s.Cn.,e
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5+3.Ned.ay cus.::h.f.. :.ry $.;i fe'$3 of ]374 wu disare of de p'.aan-3 releasg r.
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. Mersepo;. ;a Ed.sen > p ars for d;=p04 - but sa;d that it wu cat ce hH,C's :r-;m*
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cg g,,gg i ra*m.ac:ve wt-r i '.2 'Je Squeta:ra, ' b.J7 Is ta'y me:Wp u Is W -
,'u,,.: ured r e cat be rricases
- c4 ot !.a:ns'.2r C'y's ci!E00s t} c' st'. ' I ca.1 Oc=2sJereas;u cr.. rp. ret hl*' at,p,,,
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. tbe Cala=t.a r~.;*a.:t N t af e y are 1.'e state Ceoa-trwnt of E.r.rc:= m'a! P4.- sib?e for coufTeg ts. ;% 2d Da a:4 1::.f ormed. Ts tne tieurd*tf* !ee A wt,'l source (DOMn7. UOWLl d.d Ne:2{t. [. g j g,,,
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- cf place is ti t s'ary
- I bene.a alar exd, _ person wu is. but a kes we., e v.; rt:g the,,hver and cely safe wtur was ravr.r.d.;e !or !cc. g ce c.*y as;f "d;y{can ceyP.Cs.te o a
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.'ti.4;a::!, per a'e argy I was'ed to, scw y.
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, "Apr. t u' UcT*: A % g.g p.,d beg,i ra:si.:cd ce htk..- a1=ute OE3 ns espc. sat
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2 *-( I c27.e4 the =a7Ts ot".ce.y 4-e1 a.u.A ce c-de,bti un tut 'J at s.,c.3 e; f:.*'X2 *W4 !*
Oa =.,cc was dot:4 L:s ber *.o E:d-out s., n3 pg geg ed..
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woen cerviews 59dif.ake p'.acerC's Q J ea;led ce Govert:r's dS:HHIS
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- 121L ney paned ce ce L*.Cgor's L (,jve ors \\nEce. he ::.M to p$q g 2; ma t.NPC,i:!:r at.1s::n=5ct2 FS T ; otfre:' wterr I ns c. tufge,
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. Mei;Aa cr.uect;t r*m.';:rJcyter.. Freccas wodi ret:rs =y c.*
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"M some td m W teen cme d r:rg.[ ' ' ~
".d?, ne a=mi =e cat ed be.w
?. ci te hP was *:st.v.cmece;1 ar.d t;.:>.2. One ca* pa sei - '
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^ f::.;.'y c.. aware d a..y-%a. edreie se:r: EF-wW rwn=c-d Ca e us ap=ed.4
-ce s us petahypor.syocy
[Itbe c.ris_ ta cf e a:Se they weremis# !
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? a!.awat e I ::a:2,He s:;n's ed.I:ca t tarw
~ w~f ane og.c a:n w:,u;e ts a d tnCyr t-mit; bow c23 2:4 I M I k "-
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, I dco t t:: e d the7 wtL,,. p,.'"'"'_'-
J.: s One ta=t I bow f:e c rt:.a :s ttat !
d.WL want a:ry reicues cade. Rie leveis d s
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tra es that the ra.t.2:in we'se rmsved so
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L LP wy. or ;a.,. L equrra;et ta a cer cal far,atite wo: t n,
a-w cc m e:: eta se.
.I * :.1I tzve tee sch:can ts the fm't.tXD g 22cs of rad cartve wate.The cf". dab c,f g,vt of low Lwein1.asan,says tint =Ed.
the Mercpci;:2s E.iaco Cca ;uy are fartoo genereus is cuer:.,g ths r:2rsejots water !
cal and de:::at s<sys are respcca.ble far is the c:=ers cf tia area.Jat ba:ik we are t e fkrt gectra::co ever to be effemf ti:s '
[ apm to n,tm ez* a cas:cer deats ;er year e:pcste.:ca:71 We stocid not be so sed.sh and rthse th.s feat tenor. I ragest that ite ;
ia.das mnuy; Pas taken far mecacal.
MeropcL za E.1:scu C =pacy who produced c.3 cest:
Ecef.11:t:: sit....7. :,%.-
7 water scou;d te,i 'tte Erst 13 q l pulpert kneits cf SWC22r pCwer 2CC:De.
". }.I ig g;e pig!.ts Cf 10e u'C,*e ts= pas.es. ' ~
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,' Ist ts rn.r.f t p every ava2ab'.e ettruck asd haJ this predous W.::'.:g water ta i It 3 rc4 up o ce NPI or the D6cr r
a e se M'a u kw mch the render:ces of the dara and ref.at:ves cf Met E1 Pant DC cs every trt cz so the.
whoa wertd wC know how genereus we are! First we wCl fGI thear swt=rnmg goob.
p,,,3 (,3;g, go, t3,;g;3 pp g,,,s,-
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's cd Segeen Should their oegiscn rW l;r some. we a scerous ty abo C1 thest poo;i ne2r cats ce r-or, pr c a gme.t, pur a:d c:gs sbou!d beoelt from this eilr:r.so we 11 C Eave's a::Catby n d.shes. D<r/t be s::r r. sed dit resul's i: c;ter bensvior pa'terv.s. S'rds acy c5c:als t.a e pcnds we C 3,,_,,,,,,,,,, y,7,, 7,g,73, g,g g,=, gg, C 2em to ite bri:::.rm site the f sh and 6:1s wu! go ists a 62er. Newer betore ha.e
. u hat ycm want. Afar all. w*, ce people, art '
g, 3,y 1 ey tasu.d ths clas cd water!
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dlis $0 Lag to be a 5 :.g h4 s5r.br so we wd ge-e195.s!y supp'y water for I er i
'--*"~~.I gcHecm:ses. A r rt
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y=s msni td.y:h;:3 sys:em oc gat to be 1: stated. Oe p;f scms stoWd te 1::gh cm l nggy.v m f f.: 5':x ha:xfied the:nd gt%r s is alot of =4cr, and we da have p e*y Ief Shee =e.
M'LM(Td-fere? Donst6fy _
are in tb e area, wty act ef ar.s ce:r be=*s! A sc:Mr Mown w13 this cusual water w2J B4 mi.n=M " ***r.'*15ts%4 tece'cCOn!ysu d spea.!boc es art worttycf tas ;reckus water.S =ce we arr ocw
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T,fi,3 wg ga g3cf',c(cary a:v(i c'ce to'T'?;r#
espmerced is c:camsg let us cow go to tM Met Ed c":e buit.:gs W3 tse a los cf E
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water is c!reW I am sure tha Ere ceciames wG cooperat.a. Shon;d scme d the adj ousarg bu2.r.gs also wact tiis job tbce, we wCI cleas e ar at:s.Dere a s:f! see T. dents'ud protet the pt?)8d AWI',
cme' wats."It, eerhsqueW -
nascaccve water len, dcarrender co ycu 2: ave my:. sore s q staesT: 2.M.sie taaa E?-
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.n u.ewto hasb.vithicciAlte
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4 cere ts no' safe leveicf raiaton.. -
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9'.Jourr.at tualdunst ce pean of cleaug,
k;Ar.ced rele2ses ci radutoa
- new aree v515 at:oced atDOMCel22W 5 teef., g the NRC wCli:3t.etroalhep y. (.
Wry is Met:Upob:atr Ed 8
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ahead web ttisirres;m sAe f.an$e2h
- ' swes is abo ccat-isedia t3e news artcle ort.
M.Vrcer stellcr. NEs chieM F
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. tens,'Is quoted 3s sa7 sag ttat tM 6, clearupis3te teg.:qsc.g ceYra o%
prograro for tte f:acL. s i
.~.gegep.Lian Ed;ssa must not te.gM "Ned to respea Ut] Na2 ever agadL Re M c'rtfy'acerptable sobacon to s_ cal 9 f plar.1 forever..J,gdC W *"4
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6 Prefiteering ar Riiie _
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, E. l.3D.a:d.On. c'YalCr ~
- Of Public Safety -.
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to the Mayer; wtuca I wrote after reader,
'.erU..wai temd.,tt n ec e,rgy 8
i theIcLeH.gerer Journal Thrsda s,wre too etes;rto. meter Nr b:g.*s-J_ _. _ -...y c:are.
se are aJpr.rg facit~lwlevel
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L-r s j. I r./-a*:ea. pi.s ra d.at:s fro'n taes
-.3-a(Cde*!N Ddf h'2M N S^lk
._n I read' wt3 concer t.'the prepM~
as the l,ae.
dwngt.g of sorpe 53.0@ gallor::of treated, Eve sl a 'f aJ sdi:1:e4 '
Ibghtly centar:unated" wate into Se y,,,,g gg, i, Soqser.anca R,ver in tM rwar future. He
. gg gg dum;ars point for tis wateris fust nor*3 of
,,.3,,,,
the area from wNch lancas'er and other
^ rea
-Le-5 f*d3/56 radea a
cominmubes draw tre.ar =aAs r eply of
'15'A@' "2zP 'Nd ". r i
drwurg water. A new fad seems to hJve crept acto tr.e psc*:;re as they have te*a th? s*2W Cf M*M l
dum;arg sura "trear.ed'* water acta our the Wdede' thqb re im f.f'e sr9eassa'ac u-.H21!crd, e.res supply in a evet ruu ar way ever wast.ntserjassir441.te.
nace tbe c;w::.ms cf reactor No. l.
1 app.awd the C.t "s stance in taki::(
OnespaJedll3.%Cgal'.cru@ f 7 A feg a: acraon t o prevest Metreocktan EJson 7As if our bea?.53.afery> asd en.
from t?ns prepos.ed p<aut y smous contaro.
v ret:=Js:iatu't a h@ ;r.ct is
? :tronof ourwatersurpi. Solar with tte pay. Ma E.1 wa:ts t7 du=;Ptte1 f
excepcost of Mr. Denton and Governor radioactive water (Inte-the no.nburt*t. anvene tarng anvt.%cg-tu do ggganfa.Raer aad t. ave U:e W.a the nie=.Wie Ishnd ope arma seems g,,,,
fn,3g g 3,,,.4 f.he taa;ay-to have no cr+d tery wtateer. ne two g7 gg _
ta F t'
R '
g ggg.
hi.seess. !! t*.restened me tar.x.
La that Met Ed seems to act f. cst and
' te!Ilater;!r=sp tMysurg-st thatI.arns.
nptg m1 ce govemt had ter Cty and Ca mry have tie r cwn rne*.bcais it out of f=ancal prot:er.s? Ia-cf corstori=g (3*:r wawr supply 13 the deed tvad WW shet:!d we;ay far a
' (.t.'u of an vrau:Acrued dur::ptg. Also. the cort panyI.h e Met EJ wto przdct Cay 5.bould be ready to imrc.ed.:e'y eat an
.cs pren:1en 4 at :le r:s k ofpubk acotte suppply of water to be used t.a::J saf ety' '. -
dN-suca tune as the restam=at:oo is tre r:ver
- i. J' N " " ^ "****7 vnu have teen rer med.
f*1 8 1 wtsk to mane nt tient that I ato not a
~ * * '
pre;onent agarst nucherpower but feel tt r::sst te ha:x!!ed in a much t= ore prudect manrwr than the Met Ed pee;;e have deo-monstrated to us. *
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t#st* subr.2stal cla:g-1 are :.af.e. bota 7'amd noted that 11:e n w
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,,,.. tiaf Waarr a:d cd r eng,i/. '- cere, alor.g v'3 the ack::aw:eegeer:t of.
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, dead'y fauout andIcrg terts !and contar:n.
tclitaday tv Dr. ri.ardd Deton..ce.tO l Wa.her quoted Detas as retarur,g.
- f. rat.on over an unspeu5ed area. ~ '
federal c:fical at the's:n: ken Ma::t.4ial 1
_MHe had "no idea what caused ced. *.
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^: Waier asser.ed today that there had' Met Ed as shcr.aamded sin ee We lsland.
l could have beco a cerr2 mates cf the inv[i.;* teen "r.o rr.er nn" cf S2t hth I
He sadte is rec===:end.:g en get "at kast" W cc e ere s and tert:nm 03 teme heat, seprat.rg ntena:o hyd:wer.*.i d. angers it posed, du:::gThrst.ay1 on.te b,e;;=c He cast a g. i-t eew ec,eih[. tr(edrg - ;. 3.:.e ce scene.s.rcaM.My ca }tand:e cents Larwicxqen. and ce nte:3e prm.;te..
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.;; wa,,,, tg. --s{q? W e -jgy,, m,,gg. Friday eveni:Tarid asser.ed today that te 23 nucktr expe:u.2 w ::: :ll. ave great confl-f._g bad " raised'caisi w131:p NRC cecais i decr has s.c:a us:: red rne t2at they-y 7),71,,,.,.,._w.gg, e,2 y,no.cgy eutrar.:::: tee cat de23 w :1p 2,wta had h.st,Cown in f.ern. Wash re,ne,.,-
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w$en he and severaPtSer cergressr:es t
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ctar.ged r::y g'.ind subransally about.the cuclear energ7.2.::cCeg e 2: e:D.') C4T 'cr 1 Met Ed and the' d:i clYort Cocery andhi.k McGr=.ackW 'rerne!y d.sturDed 3ct:
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-Irs cowtezrts =e that Met L! and-or Wuiir gton sta:e; had
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. W.ir 'a *:e-rece; Lt irr., r. :.:.c. - - ".O.W f the Nuclear RepdatoryCorcin.sr:ca have a' ner were the Crit out.cde s ts taur tic.
2 "'.'wa:hefefp33s'd'$$r'.'.'.~:.ab *-
senoutcred.b27 pres:e s;wethepublier and with =e.and i can assure you that, at
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Probers..ci. /
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- eut two rum:c:saf-j A.py,.,, _,.
' tec'.u 21 sW223.s a!!er the t:st, eses
'j tho43 a tag had tan p: aced la the ccc:rci
- O.;fS.g-M gg Q.
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- reatur cahee Mde Is.:acd er ce c'ler-*:
{9(;teuursis t:e reacsarreftF f;* a:4 prgar!y.ip rg*,(QQ';;4
.rextcrs manufact:. red by Babetx.k a:d % 3. ::
. -- c
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- ne pressurelevelinical r pve tie.
. h *.,*D.'Coritroditary i?eport."."'
M ope-st:::3 ar.ccrrect it.forr: auc3 about t$.e
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gg Mt t$ 5d
- level cf w ater is ce reae
- ct pressurt:er.J,
, error *2s at leaI*. 4:*.'y respo ;;t;e f:r Se,
', i e ? ne cSn'Ar.:nent was impicW7 de-acadea.t con
- rad.c'J a re;crt by James Eg - l sgred so it d'.d met iso: ate samewater as it-f.r.s. anccer safety er;e:t of the N RC, who 3t 9 3"P?md u y,y.[fg%,,4;,fj,
- ast n r.ar told cews=en an Fergva-1 Y.;; d be ter
- er emey ccie coo:ir.(tyrtemj:
. r a :1.atrtien e as to opera %r e-or.
. Mpne ce f.md.:4 cat se.2.t pha.
n the prtncgal rrteW4 fcr keepir.g ::e ura.t.-
MJ ex:st at c6c smters is ce htrd.
n:q:n the reset:pccie fic:n be c:::mg too M8. E,* son C:Je, den *y Mr of be; e
bot, eas "turr-d off pr emature y" ty oper.
' said t'.at the staff t.ad coachded On: o2 r ]
Dinson of Nuclear Peactor Redatos,
'aters u. the con::al ro:m cn two oct2s:cc.:
- shor*lyaf:tf theacodentsequencebepsat
- SaScock and ht p.c'J "cas cc:tsue f
' 4 art. A week ago Wec.nasday. De cocL:g 04'**3 Of EA 4
. P'f323'11NEC'and s.afny of De puW. 3 : z,
's)1te:trwNth had s'a:*.e4 spit. t mt brJ
.:.y
. cf wate autocr.atca;;y,was twd cff::Asa.'
-..IrJ'zad cf te cru?.: att.c::of c!cm:g -;
h tally f a :r r::;r.utes a:d mercr4s and a g a;3
- down Se other p'.ets. Cue sa.d be s*a.:1 10 r 2.*.'.:tes alte the t. g2r.1:3 el the ac-$-
p, dent,; r f:,}v. s* X..i.w. '.', Ge ?, 4 d...:
. ' had se::t out as er: erg-scy b'.Ce in cm.;.'24 -k'$ d 'IA'h*I I 5 l* '=.*
i
,,g.7..Dc:( Se r revery'.act!ce.s,0e cra.,,.
... - + >
(. i t, ths:<Cets enchsedis bur.fes cf stairJess,
.. for spec 21 at:cc:s ta urious p.rocie=s '
?f l-: !=ficated by the ac=dect a:4 was p--
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' ta. send a seed be:et.a:.wgfureers
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W.Creenvi.;:e s.C crystal.?.ner ; Ca.d
-i.
' %camenta, Ca;.L;hsseXe. Art.; And}
C,Ta: eda. C'io.w-:M..' Wr.'s A' :-; Sea Cary Ea:t. DGo. ?ry. Marris ;
.1Uda2,DAnr, and ne hoo of Can-;
,Geermed Ede:tsis, a group less c:rical of l
,.. u:Jear power, t.are c2!1ed tr co riden-i
'. ti:3 cl eite ti.rt:. g c ! orI!m..g dist all;
'. f FMeert a:d Wdecs rex".::rt. l.3-QT*' Jte comoo's Erst,ra.T.:g br.:D i
, Ca was sert c:2 to the operat:r.; u :.;.ucs c.a -
l.*Susday P.:g'it by 13 elect:ac textpier. An I
< ;1ec oC.c als saad weem sday.- towever. '
..that tic r:acti:e brcLe dawn a 4 the te'e.
- 6. par:s t.ad to te cdve ed to ce c: ces by ;
.m%..%...:_. w-.. wx..
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I CPERATING ERRORS / IGNORING SATETY px
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!s la the epenu of ever::s t'ar.:.- -- r,,.
sette water-as they wuewpposed ts. '.-
.m-G:ms or caechardcaj emr)-: ren. Q N bd ta the nac;rst adder:t at.n:-e ? Qy 4 fgy, jg.
. :Mine emergency core cuciba sutrm 4 We Iz'aad (the :ched stree briow_. g, _ a.t,m3 wm_g' ed Nie so etq-'n 14 ~
~- c=pom m ce n=:rrs en ce d a
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--h-'eg the re-ove y ado':s.the tra-s
- nium p
- e:s enciased in bundles ol s a!r.ies
,,;a*irg ryr2c: bd nie de r is t.a:t. ;;.6,
.T.::e pr 5. rue et ij-14:p u=:* deped ts etrrett. re=aje-J open, wate level a:d prm.
a z a;.mo cd: tis arpe, does not Gs.;:t is tex *.:r d: ps and e=ertery(_'
. et A ta:
- eej f oci rods wee pem:ted tste mdatt a cc=;;c'J tover.cg of cocL:g wate on at
- last tu o occ=ces Gu=as errorb cyra a becme socme apparetly q c3chr.g sys
- em coces is. 2 ts pe=a.. -
J fxpt to fu;:y dvate it arte it w23.-
.h tly shut off. beweve,caus:g cam.. '
i, NRC of5c21s is the Be'3 eda, Mi, At dows for trMug two weds ear!1 J age 1: some ci tie f sel rods. -'.'N mcident ce=t er'*costimuei ttis mardg ta,
' e.Tu.-Re ge.. star shuts dowaJ. - i i<-i - ~ ~.,4 2. -i.-. 2.' O.
l ece togete the chrono:cgy cJ everts tr.at 4 --
. ;-'s e J
' ed to be st.utdown of the pla:t and the
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- "+ ' ' ' ~ ' < ' ', -
- d. cadre w.ter to the acr_ary b:. rad
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A s =p;rr si! s re' ease of low 4evelr26atica. EC1 tiere is
_Rmtar, with heat and T
. r.ot absol;.:le agrement es exact!y wtat pre =rure rwr.g ::sde, auta=atica:fy
~L g neu$7. H M ud hu happened at 4 tm.Tednc3 day,!.tarth :'3, shuts itse:f dews and fSs33 stops.
'witat:s the massive: comples es the
, Thougb reactris stut down,1t iceps,, s'd riemed b4 0e s*e@c fjgg'q,,,,,. p.' -
g.
' Soquehassa R;veistand.h -f # ' -
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- f.W 3 7.-
- .de:.ts**i-2-i "W ".
, A la.-{ e h*6e es bM --
W r..
9.cause of te=penhre
.for=s at the top cJ ::e rra:.:r.c~+ -
f.+e c:r~s: =a c7W$3,m E"'f:v m$'J.Fo?"TG -.
and wa:er tdtpinctre cool:4 lxp....P 24 Y8 e:
r.4 :. x-:
CPERATINO ?.TE..5/ IGNORING SAFETY 256 05e g..
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LA';CM!ER NEW ERA - April 5, 1979 (CCNT.)
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- scee of de ed.;m.ect ;s :te fedwa:er.
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' net; that water ts::s to steam aat - gnied amu = :aPM m *ie mar.
Alar s is ce ter*:ol roc:a M to 6.ves ce t:rtme, whirl is t:rs f: x*::c's,
Cash sat re 7. As tie prcticsis ce rnc*
I
'. ppug tie fe-dwater p:= s c:1 the Lne
m r.rp is the accdent sepoca ns cat. sed by
.*-' e,ectns:y."
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. C.se seers to be L::;iy :4 Cat Se L7t.
13T 1 I'25 M er scrss Man. As upe=*.
yte wa:e'itt l'ae pri.=ary 1909/50*
ej.a cott:ad to predme rtsbaa teat..
tu=as errr.r. Ee has be+s cois s te:', -.a-cm/et, re urs to *ae ructor and he!;n to J
~ - As t.gt ttsi ar d ;:~rreis tb5 p*.22--
k sa.lat'e f.x cc==e t.a x1.:thes at NRO.
keep is te= peati ;e down..
.tave &cksed is eM. orate os. Case s; t e e ts asobez way to ccersl rear'.ar ry locp a -na the m-wr cc:"::4:3-cL=b. a 5.alc*y vafve wa 5 L rd cps, as it re arts, w'.act wet g;ve.s at asews cacte "
ter. peat::re.
.exe a Wash:rr.:= kst wedLMC-l* s >
Under =reputer cc::tre!, the rear *.cr' was cc:. ped is ds.TEs aT.csed ce nrns.
,7.Jesta-ny,, Ear::'d Dec:an, the NEC -
. wel sc2:n.-ce centrol ruis wt! drep j watertotmeihtom:21:4 ca".cd a tpeed.
- <de.al'w:o :.s ;-sc,:.a y.Tre @:8 Ce tact bis ce core, halt. Lag tre f.ss!cs ;ro. tarjt, s.-u w.
tka:xp cpea:c=s a:O:re Ee 's'ard f x
, cess.-
^
' - - - s
,F,,
- mt mit: PecsJM ns t at tlesMe-
"taald a hot bu.1 dup cor.t. sue, the - ty vahe f al.ed ts elcse a..d war e:::*.:ued
? Presdect Carte;was ar.aed ts co==c:t os cc=putera supposedto kicais as cricten-d to pour cut. Soc :g the Cocr ci the cen/
f
.--N. a r:aQ.- :- %..v-~ ~ W Be wiestrwet-ceJ:ai? cst a.)$
cy c:*e est.Lrg sw.em, par ;;mg ticye.::s i ta..=ct t a.iL:g wtd surre.u>:s the
-2
- \\ re2eter vessel A potential rseltdawn-said..' Twowey i=x:*ast sys*cw'-e cf ga or.: et ec;d water oft the hot core ts.t se e-ar;o t,eg:.: ts desp as u water fewt
. re=med frs=iervb': daw.ZI::se'." e, prevect a ca'as:rephic reeltd own.
-: To putthese7 e recieve:*s kis ba.r I.251 Weinesday ;ortacrs obhe pro
- I.dropM p'm.odylow artuna the urarb prper penpertse a:.expla:::etf how cats wcri.ed-citers d.d cot.
- u.s rods. '-
mt mest Pro 3 LIM, whkla tsucted Ac:rri:g ts phmt fesip.an c-cTes- *
.-te reactcr1r#xes c'.ec= :*y ' rom '.:s-c!! *te o./.s, teg2s is $e seccedary lacp.' i a -.y eg,;, g m.r-. p:$;y too t evel be tas
-sortag sta= sis tetemrvd.'? J..- 4
- noc;h Ca.se sud thesecondary Icop cevel- ?
- of tri g. g'the te::g:stures back dews.
c
% 6 D';
- ~y'..
x.:pJy pu',
sb c;3c, t3, safe.y raht ns s 3 cya.towee-pe2 proble=,g ecause sorseone was -gg.m ggg,.O.swswamme zcm. ~
o
.tur s wate : s s*. camp:xt them dnves 3,
,4 g.;
2:uwe cr t=Wect-c g eerstar,*te de -
ar of ee tact. ~-as maa tained the poblem wu of a meclacac4nar t,a., mq*3 "NNM'Wh + 1 e
nce d2t ar":23 p ~Jh.the enc nci*f-f.,
m-1~n=,ae
, = =,.
ne m=w,p=t a me.
a,p,=,d we Law tcld thej EM T 'DI',wu tiat ss c;ca:.ic.s;-aM I
New Era : tat two pur:ps faded.pu=;s that. { g 'CW d be w-wtUth con *a.ns ; des U nsc:ab!e t:ra:d.
a g e Mas was tscs to
- n. z ecased :s he! MRLs the em an
, nom.a tag
=derp,,, ma;3te=, nee oper23r:s.
- ryv*m.' Attridi:4 ta, re Ws.5 olier rods; cc *:ul r sis!=. ace (ddert:t -
- c. g a m mg*.....
- p.
M,.
> re w -
s-m....
,, Is erbs net, water was mz 7s:gq ;..hrie" ( h Ws'airg*;c,he t.sy have tecs
. fag,.- -
d s
3 I a si ei - en rend:8 ' :xn a -
t s HUM AM teacr5.hs.21em,.v ca.
- l
.sq.cq tir ng the secondary bep. Ths is -
. trac
,'.9' $ c -
i
,W mm:g dMer. f
, -- 'r.2:7 d.:.. I cz,.:,gt3 47;-
.,. :.. wn
""'. Rat evs*-=2 was shut d.,, rn,;,as wts e,,
.p
' * ' I',M,--.
wber the t:t Mes*J.ab!e humas errr.,
~.
I-IMI f,fCW3 FIC*t1M was the a;I:;p secmd saMW: s%z=3. -
Tkt RFTM Pip trezsh dev-fos. -
'" ary ~$[g spie:I, wtkh :s tooked ts
~-
W Oe MN'd Wedba'W FW
'. tiet It is su;pm el to achate L2 de ;== apoedMet tc1 cp aat d>=ad
,v. :13, ca.s rpte=i tans.-. ~, f. r;i 3'e. ; ' Two valves wuMs t;.is fe d nie ec p the p%c-'ve cer.ng c: ceisi tois.
EF-*21'my cooW rp*e-s was Cary sys:.es wee cannaPy turned off 4.:r.
reacths:.ed.ibut socu theres".cr. the ces-
,. cescr:de-t.nei preptr!yelmeb:ter ta
1 g testirg prxedures two weeks -
tah=e:! tad t f'act was sweet deep
~
idwes,.
snth aboctZO.W p;'acs cf ra'.;ca:"Nr P t.ch preveted the opera:ics of 11e pc=ps water ceraf:=g sr=<m a $1:T;'12 pies.
" wies ccy wee d ssdcally ceded, wee
' th j -
l
. Thi stITM PtcotM demcmd ebes.
. oca rt=c;m:edet:!a:lon ot teci.siol spe+. that wa:etwu pu= ped frecs ce contala-
' k n: s,
,, y ye cor.trc2 reorn was erruseous.5y is-ment % ^f his ta:ts in the musi".ary '
- Tor:sedthat the valves.in fact wet opes-
. built.st sme cat appace=tJy wss ed de-s re. deal isvestgators have also majs - sJpeJ ts W rad lac:w ees"--'->% R l
- fe-:r aux!.ary pu-eps in this sTste=1 stre. is stdirstclearhew thatta;;rted.
- doe
- p4ed utee they abould have t**3 8 - - - -
. ready foruse-a wolatloc of NRC rerEm..>. j u.
- c.3, c v., _;; 9 a,..
"h% "It. r.httecntic21 asp ctof ce suri:1. l M,
..ini
./!ONOUNG SAT m.
s
@W ha O h @ Qp q 6M Ci p 256 053
~
i
.... ~..
- OSTER ?:E'd F?A - Ap n g 5, 33,,y (CONT.)
DISHD4tMtC842M care wbes at (ran cceJJ tam tar.13 whi aM raw ~wy wis v.eted 1::.2 the sL:xs-ph -e. tet was as esf,0.a'ed 13AC Cab cu el cocia-nted wsw b ths L&tQ
- edet a. p >G:.:g.
Tre w.es of ever.s ex@ cc.utthe
. Last sad sat seams penWem. -' TNa ir w1M recsaM wu the dev-b -
ten ps htMe b the '
o;t:ect c*ll tre'mc*.2 ve-xL.'O.C c:3:u tsi sa.s en.".1-ce
. eri:was pia.'Je.ttoup cetM7, cat 4 cr CI;:iA n; mag
\\INWe tcO.W
' O.e staedese atd cause ga :=6 dcws,
)' y, e Now, Eitt4ay1 la'.ts, the MEe is w es:::.aa aw'd ta,.e 13 {
ae. O'5du po
,an to u t$e w'a:o.. z:4 f
m m.s.
e.s.ht,f.cwC Ste chaw; s..s t:a ps c:~ O m:1 a.m u., a me.M.
9 cCxs i R Lair v x1 asi cmt tm%
t i d, c ~ s 35 4. s
. M, o. r a
e J-t JP Q
.e 4
e I1 t.
~{.'
tL~
c, %,.
f a// '
',;+., ' '
' ' W,sn','D fl, P.II A n n y.,
j.1
- d
+
L.
v-n... t.
,~
gw
" t0, - /. s e$$Q 4
CPERATING EERCRS/ICNORINC SAFETY i.
~
~
~~ ~ ~
256 054
oPT ELI.DCr ? FL7AL - Ap ril 6, 1979 m.
.m.. wn e.. ;.- :
~..
.a t. toe N s s,e. u s. t e re -
- 14. mm.uce.a: J cov
'.h "4"
~-?
s-s Cm^ ^ ' o' ce. ~n"m. i A' "- 1 ant.^ '*
e.
- {
[j Q ' ' *]h h.'.
MusMdtForTax Break
[
'[
/
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~
3
,.. WAS'DGTCN UJ'T="TI cas of f a."- taa re*4.s ttere:s t:sn'ay to te art.un ttey
+ cL2r;oser c:-:=3 n :-d2y acct:ec o; -a tack a 2.av.ne of ti.~t.
- t:,:s cf te n.ree Ce bb4 a'e=2: power. -
.ne en:cs n,4 ce tu :.aur;,s were p ic.cf r:2 f the fack*yL-*sc:= 2rt.al : aca.'.ebM is t a s fer _st :
lo *.atas at t:e e:d of IW1 to get a tal
.,y.;gfu,g g;7 =.l,, 9, g;3 =,,,,, ;,,
N
~3 '
s ta;e geen a Le ta save betwe art 50 =a"#3 J. Ce cu@t, ';at W2, Wars c.
s JSepa sc ars F.aT Iand.944 c '.ca.3 fe' scal 122es far 17'8. yaU.23 pen
],.
m, I.b 'rause ticy bens coe=er=As o;erstons ' r *- -7, S;a r:cces cf str3 depre atco
- i iat 0e nr: ea Cee.;3 cf tinpat *. - deds:21.: s c12e ;.2:t. =ab.g i!;en t'e j.* C.EMiu Ed.y_;;;=l:.f ect Walter *..a c;a :s a;;rczra:*27 :.0 =C :s as a
. Cm:2' 2.a %H ust, wwt dat de r, d. red, reht. c! p'J 2:4 !!e. reac*.:r la,
{ corgasr CJ res aa scce t:z savic&s by % semce'cr17'f.e 4-C
-a
- pu
- .=c de;.act i::ac;erstka tel.rlt the M;w%,.{.([ ',',,.j 9 $.,mg G
^
Tr
,.9
-. s w..
.v..;
m
} e:s a g gegen:..
. - ~, -.,. c. a. 2. U r r'a'a 4-2 e - W s.id. 't e-
?
_k 'Y]. ;? $ rk nre* Me b.'.ar t la=.' '. wu sbat d=w1 2
i Ibe-ver, he der;e1 t.at 0.e cec;u:r -e of; l days trem May !T3-atem it was
- tt:.:md de p.Ast i:to semen A
., ; -L:.e.r(. by ce Nudcar Repdatore C:s
."No.it certa.nie was cd r:sted tre.,;yiss.ca ta tecs.o;eridca ~ to Dec N,
- serm;* sa.d Jaca ilates =; Met E.1 nce, ;r3, waes a began ce=r.etca] c;ent
- i.
g ;.wdcet.7We we-t throur Las extem.v4'. +" Car hve5*stan scue**.s (te a:c-
.ud.cztaastve sepen e et s'.arup a:d.. dest =.4ht t. ave ten avertec i! the cu-d-rs by rera'.atcry a ge':esR W'%* y e s tad pesuccedecramea:al e;eratss et
- C:ecz said c~
m teedted by j.Se :.t u:tl am;.a's test.:g and re;n.r I havme ce:::stis serv ce b7 =ctrrkr.
tad taes ac t:::ksted." sad 1:e crit:5..
L
{.7'?:t we cc.r.a;.::Jy.reser would taQ].. De p:a.::t s vanxs i:!zrrt:;t:e sT
- ut
- : ta sesm ce un: css we wer e ernecedis., cperadocr,a:rtrf.cg ta tte c:-tes. bd;t ed
! caud te sa fety operated.7 ha sa d..
- P.cumerocs prot'e.r.s with tie reactez coci-l. na nudear pontc=tcs,indudi:3 a G 1:g sYMerg and trM t e wn3 water ; O;$
' c:alden of org2n.:.:st:: J swcscred M c:s-& ud vaivesc nry alsa m.. ti:t two wari
- rner actnst R.al;x Nader;su' the.r is : ararthep:anttegascorr "ac21eperates.
- ves' gaduo I:;dicales "trbsl2:tal ev$ntt!E it a ga ;n = mt daws for two w eus Lecaus e of
- tsha-s* tt.at the s2!ctyand rela':ity of ( ; eve =s w t3tte rookgsyraer
, (tie ;. ant) avre !ar fre.ru ain: red w oes tie.*., i ne NRC staff' report d.Wedaeeday l i. 2 wis ; aced L:to cz--" e-ul s ervim.".-^ $at hm er:crs as we3 as trout:e with
.' Rcbe.:t Stuiterg;a (211zweer and c::e va rves wnha the cocing ryters were =a,or
- c!Se cnncs.saad the san
- gs a ere ara.lat:e ' cen rluters to the accdest March.S cear
- to 2e etrn;u ny. alta.ouza n2.xt act+u t ea, darnd urg, Pa.g.,';,.c *jg ha\\!f
?.M,E N. ?..'?
m..
..m.e
~.,.
,..a,,,.
- i. n.,
s COllSDROW Klundr..,...
- n.,0 '. l s * %
-.. - y g 77-o e.
n eGSi
- m.. s..Iy.. %..&.. s..,4 L..W..g Pre,x: ',b.narit"W6ide(n Wo,_rr,ie[d ". ~
.3...m., c. ~. :.
.L....i c
, h kth.,cO"(;IP) Ia al" :t.T.l 5 ;. w.[_ c.c.wr..% t..yo
/
5 a d.y s.aceint e 2ayf
~
HARP.:55URZ Pa.
r abm.aa c:!m:s and tytecolog:st.tsay ther. Several cyceccleg:.s's sa,d
- y have ar r.asd%g hced% cical'sfro nwe= ed s. cot tem contacted ty' uy prm;ertve tregut womes listrg cear the m;;!cd 2::mie:s s;nce last Wed:.-saa r's ace:de=t at hee f Ce IF.aad cuc' ear p' art.. f.
4 Usea M 'e bland. t at '.h C;terw4.'d :ays -
[hg. :udcar tea 13 err.s ay de.2 the wmt r ay heyet tocert:e. f W
l.,
lerJirg frem the trm.b:ed r;c: ear.." Tour, f.ve. x: weeks fr s today.
pt u. ot enough ts threaten tea!17 ;eo-wtcea C1.sudde}y re2us they were p!e. but p eg a-t womm and mrg c?.3 ' pregur.t dureg this stole ine deat."sa;d ?
d:es are etimdered the cust vulaeratie ta.. Mrs. C.cerawaid cod: rector cf the cisc l *
. aa.atco's effeeta.
, ; n2t s wt.en we ti.sk it's rea:'y gei.ng Coc. O!ck R:r-Acrgh has a%ed that - to ha; pen We t!.;r.k it;s is utes we 3 get a -
' e "%cne c2"s are f om wor-m wtc havel bt cf telephone cah"
- pr-t-art me es and you.y ca&*re-s stay at t 9st Gwe cu es awry f o!.s Three !.Ce h
- Wd:
hst c.scvvered they are pregnamt. ney art
$ Pat Creer.awald. d me.E2 :i.Arg aceef eg'y cencerned " s.%added.
j I
?_;rentre HezJth Sovices says her cia. ' f ' Ms. Davenport said ce sta!e Realta [
y i s t=-3 ge*tng cars frers women re-D-eartrnent considers evacuation of pregi
- et:F rt :re's t-Jor.atlos en tie effect ' ran. worne:3 from the free-m;e ra6us a) id wae to radioactn*y, toth wicin the ' ;=arelyprecru ser.ary me:'rere. -.
I 0 :c 2 e ra d.u s and oe t9d e lt '".
. 3.'. However. s be saJd t'.cre ate sorc e
- 2
- E.;ciest C. ac and CmueLrg gycerclogats who daagree and t#.' eve
'a.: E rr.sturg.Hocy ?ser;mt saad. tended expreure to ratat!ce - eves low,
- t+m cerve n :t t.5a rate of !! to ; ' eve's. rraf be harrlal '....".,s-j e; c. _, : L g. /
4
- 1 u.; :
" "aT B C ETE. RS/ICNCRING SAFETY..
256 055 l ' 'A7 h a m 3 '
s-
. - $) p-k
.v. g me
--*-a.--.
a py.cTER 4'.J Q april 7, 1979
-, w&i._..- r.
- -:... y
- u..
t r ud m - o '. y e,. i.,
.a-
- g lm3 P.y. 7
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n
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C-j i.
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y-(. e v
. LF f[ @p rd L E [f.il D b [8ii W f E"Ol p~:3 m,,
.. - -, ~..
' grra d' k@q r3. - QM o
et a r eg.
E
-J Q dr 4% - [ h b d y 6
$ y d*p J U./p0Q.g(hr,,e'Q,Rts bh e-
^
-b,
. ~-
~-
From Govemment, Met Ed Recarc's...
i
,,,, B y _E eke 515CH t EM t --, - ~
g- ? _,,. y :*..j ' ~ ^
y
.a.. -
P,.
.".," C AV!a C57f sHotJT,0,- -
s--
I Ne w tr M wee m ", -
--~ ~ %-~ =. W -w n:u-- m -
..:.+'..
y,,,,,,,',,
~
e 1' d ;4 ga. -
77-
'7 : ' ~ *. **;, ta;,._,. p - '
's*
"*Re' aiw, eppled Cit 6t nke M2e 7 P y
Q I
=-
h:and atorme power p'ast has tem pia gu ed
~,,,, j j.
l '- 4
-3 g,,
i
. by a:= cst we*dy reecta:stal breax'cw=s,.'
2.T...-
. ~..... - -. -
' * " " * * ~ ~ ^ ^
~'
neg!c* ef bsprenonsa:dotterproMe :s-
't '* "
'e '"Sc(INf 57 #CHEElltt ead :: AVID C5~i3NCuyo, C.
a totaJ i.i ;5 sach eve:ts m:3.s the Lut s;z mends. *.u,.
ry. rn &--
+.* - C '*-..'W[_' We Er, Seef W mm a 7 ~.' -
Rer.rcs-obtained frors. Se :lart's e,-"
,u&-
J--.,-
r.
...,o ar.a ce P W'-Trv Ccj q.cs,.
-,y ne c;+ rat:g tAry d ce nrea ;cs ths ev-i, ' " '
, ie s
eperater tM'e'rtmoLt.an Edaca Co -.
sacw cat :;e sane tyys dE.as. ce= i;3.
.G h:asd U:ut
- nude'e peer p acts.. _ MasCM 6 MET M itPo ty.k=e.
ome at p. art f.ep'*J to c adt me
, bs W M cdt'ya W m )J et;cns 4-or mertarucal enors that prcduced te; u% cal truider:s.
p deec4dmne worst ac:sdent ts ce bistcry cf f e r.aton's - --. i:nfests cf m,M da d o'ler'.i p L Met D de :ot'say s' ca '
mg
' ^ ' -
nudear, reactor prera:n Lad happened'
' prWr-wr ' -;.-".
IJ:d a vrt cs ce eve:', Cw--
M nhes neNRCmr.Md".ce cnact.;
t&e. Bachp rvs: ems ta preve=ud ca:.3,,
1 q,
,. g.,7,, e, c :t
- mm -
.. Of g ratest s:g :frence :s a. Vet EJ.
. wu p c oca'md mu - ' ata.s Met E.! h.s peLdy ar.c.wced
. treptic acaden:a is ce past:.-
" r.Z hsion). Ls at 4 E an. cs Mrc3 J UL
-" ~ 7 :P Au~is' M M MIT n strcati X 6 doc.:reeotthat tsc cates the pczer cc=~.,a ny is ce prt was laz mth preyr vaM q 4 W 2 nu tmd f.r a-. I nt*J ter* ' uu pt' n t W M 2 I*n PW c ce N (=:e-a A w. n
- - Inspec"Jon P.oceQ re5-w1.23 terild 7-g g
gg g
y,4 g-o
{ reverted t.:e p.me Er.1 in tre s.:.s d.
hgtout tie past } ear of trst.
Fu.14 haC ttC0rt: A cres.-
.rendow s L'.ar :2csd ce Mart 4:3 aco-in' ad ac ;a] opet.ap.h M.
< al-wa'.cr
-r* _-e to ces*d M*u 3
. dent.'..;aN W.
.A 1 ptrb:ce cacroM :g ta rerds d Estco na the rnet.:r:s feund Itaed :a Gove-::tect invecgators4. ave s.as4,
' r t;, 3g.: car Reda::ry Cr.=uca a shg::t.'y wrt.r4 prmertons A Met Ed that rao ca.ed sa.ves m a Urut harrty
- and tie pr.=2rv p!.c.t cow. Me23. - - raprt co.fr=3 ce L::174. --.
m' 3 sys:es tieaf eeI:2.n respostMy
.. pcL.:an Ed.s::5 63.
',7. J AN. J 3 haC 3 E OC RD:R t:med-i fat be rr.:.itap that spewed clonds of low-n,pg,.;,,,.m g,yg.'.-
ntpectcs cf a pu: p taied"out" au
{y vaj rad.ca:* ave gases rn ;es frero the gen -
- W bmas d a me;e 6 H2 kn, tdebris b!rxis wa'n screes at ;12:t.
Ic
- f. f act.1a: by tte erd et !at } ear Umt : *~' not pert:r :cd.
a::rg pl ant.. _," ^- _. r_
t.ad produced e:et.ncal pew er f ar nnly;%
JAN. n NaC arc,no: pjver-
- f. s **CH. for 2 Wee' 1*s u.i w
t
.. actor 1:g to NRC dr.;;ted.s. P3 rese. y - J AN.17: h 8C; IFCO23: Two -
b: C F-nese valva federal cdcials t,eteve.
~ tre was es resem stvc:=ii for s.:34 - uter pr-n:re dew.cs zw:tss are. -
I we v :ts'n**!y Idt in as off possh. as -
" 3:Ar1.
u.
^
a~ bed out cf rc auca..
e..
, d.~.Z9 *" J AN.16 N rC atc;r3 P g t,!.
k Iccf as two weex3 pnor to the acedect.
- L'~T' 9 7%
".'" Cb F.'?[IJw1 frot3 a f eU3 a*:::ar,d9c ItLef c if:S n, u Q g "a tM wu' d'h'It #'-
" ' Put rven tefore that po. t. Met E.! was
" ~ ~
~
har.:g trectie keep =g :s vttal valve rWat.
JAN Vitra*:c::s
% gat 3e,,g g.n tam se's cf NW '.' a a p. 8 S8C ffCC33:ve weper r nMettterwu:redc1:sese.rt::cy.acerttg -
=*
,,,y c,_._.,,.d oc.m.,.c mereceresotamycesew Er -.
M et 4 cues ievr1 ta a pre-3.-
A si-'sr lapse is t2e safr y ctect"st
..yg,.m y,.5m, Eisa...C.i w J. 2el aw. JT 4 thet wu e::g :4.,-t :
a procedures <x-i::ted es Marct 6. actord:g >
f.
. s I"7pfm,wm,,I.ie't EN 15! - aaon lean ge at ite tL e a k. b ak M cN ?
ta cor::pary Ccurnents. Het a gaux. s.nea.
m,
""'"'C"C^
W one faed ta wsp ct :he pwun oty=.ga.w
,,,ees t: vee mc. :a uc>
.:EENNNE**'MW N7'N51I.S.Uh?%$p;Q fNRCWec T f ** * *.'* ! c-
- .m. h: Met EJ rated ihm fe1.ruenr c o= * =v= = 3 2:a e w. w
. c. +.,c..s. e n..r.
to.sgg,yg] _, Mf
-'.[
~ T Cm a irger scale.'De Dm M4e ~$len,l-
!a. t, -r d i-tas be-e t-eded ty pn ifers a!'.crp-c d',the,NRC reec.:aj cf Gee _r: --
-r
.rwC t, ee w a =c=15:a.,e.n t Met E4
, n ne ur.u t:t tee eu t*w.-
-w -. -...
and NRC rocr*s. Amor.g 2 -s:Ge '; g
.'ttcee s:::de:'.s repr*td af.c !cptes,3..g jig ) g,{;QCbEn h's
- tu K3,wr c3 tsdades ce f't.21iour.f M cJ tr> 6 :r.J*a:er-r r._' re ! ".
-E*cves rt.s:ed L rpati.rs of n! ras,
- escues of te t.
- g. We Qut 21egas : Lt.
e%e, t., m 'at coctrc'.rt:ud-ailtoonis::.:ss d.,,y,, F,.g.
rn ep,ur, esend the latest.,
safe'y ystems and ins'ru.=e=3 2arcas..Wp bre1W. N.s%y. ;
s..
22ind o esos:tscea c,ceew.. Met m..
- . l x.. - - -
- Fh e tw O. ell 3 8:'..
, '2}}"
-"*),7-j
- Rf ? ?.D__,,Q ^ A &.-
septext.e we retruarycew;j-; w.&*
%w.: > 7 7.. m s
~ t. :1.9%f '
n
- > i.; 4- - e.19 9 a w.w _
~:
-nree turwe ciu:.s.~-e
.m m.
-- CtT#n';^["r-v-e ~
~ >. -
40 cuaes d m,es.st:aing..
t OIE 30 NIC IICCIO NFI bd -
A8 6 HtT Q 8 Cpel,'abe$ 1187 shodd have CIGW'$. Cat.
- ste2ru gencatcr tu:cineshuts dswn on J.' reports a h.gh pre-sure t;ttitie syste:s."j in. dent it:volved valves that. i. Mate the,-
reactr bud"ieg.becther a wts:eryf.e nof -- - yhs day for WaM msW. b,] Jeat et s fara,
'N q
e
. s;ute putLear.councerree:bythectra y. csc. ;8 NRC tECORD: A c]or,ged g
ccarann.ared Lgird..
~.
P' 7.theNuclearP.cgula*a.7 omma.% oJ f.;ter preven:sd eselgeocratorrxt '
C 8
-74 e epode
- c! vs:v s d avurd is -
{
..m.
....u'Y1)I h28]8.repert g.,,,.-
gg 0, Sal 0I[CT S g
Ce uter.; c;er,+rd.t y::,as. ; p f:1 [:2lCyC:
- w nm.wrxw..... i.
. -s o a.am, e. e et. c...r-a.
dn.y p
.. - s fp,-.
,, n., u.., 3 3..%.
,.,q g y
- AN C.\\ S T E ?. :: W E PA - Ap ril 7, 1979
( C '.,.Tr. )
TT Y. iM,.the AIcUdeh,~k (
a : re.C.
~s.-
4 ceEnree SCe aEcde:t. it wu a combtr.at.cc of fai!cd pumps, furtu:e s::at-twn and c!: sed njves that over::cated the re.ac.cc ac1 c'Me.ly la f to at=oghee rada*.;oa !c2ks.m. '
'N n : /._'.,.,
- *ns key to the March "J aedde:1 w2s the cl: al valves in a backuo cor>oL:g rys-te.~s. ac:crtL:g to Iedersl cdda.ncy M.
Leve the vi;vas were c:osed for two weds.
A scr lar o=might :s the sale *y cterrat
- re'edures occurred about cne wei be. fore, t
tMt. -' woc -#. rt'._Wii.
. Re oversight becarne-mdent es-
,ccegiaired 74rsons. **tryped out of & {
Marc 2 5 er 7 swrtly alte a t:r:U:e.'-for
- Qt;;?EDCIICKOFVALVEPCSCONSU]
t;on.-G i,tet Era'6ws words. " a RI -
' was =issed w+. e thn :g down the plast -
z J nis ns discovered 3:nr.g ce subsequect ~.
' plar.t s'attup. ne check was sata!ar*M '
T co=p;eted a:d stz:t:p cettirrued "*/M '.2 eJ "With hands:ght. I couJd see how this.'
etuld Le.n:e preted that there was sc::e-thing s-tag oth ther procetsres.nere.
tN.4s de occur, soc:et=es,w:th ra tad.
ef fet-s/' wd Frank Corgel, sec non leade-
^
of the rad'olopcalassess=ent tra:r.h cf th'
,%c; ear' Bzgdorf Ccc=rasort wt.e1.
asked to ec==ent on the two rxe.-w.ces.
' cJ ca6ec'.edrJvecheth. WJt*.v-;
', - 1le sa;d that rahe p<artos checo are a,
- -'p. art.cf.,the peed.:res.sthe have.io belj ;
-2,pdan::cd telare thiiMarth 6 sh:tdown,'
- wn) co:::pletai, and that,rlt's part ci cer.
E: ice sir:g rqaire=ent tiL' '.s',' --
tJc.n.. V'.p.9 ?oyt(eni?..S N4f x., 3 h-1 p f,a :
-c:.
p.
'i-' TThs new data;cds-furce fuel to a.
,'E2tement by ancthe NRC cdicalite ASn
~' soc.ated f5:s reported taisy that a NP.C-Lc1=al md,7very'preb:;r.ary infz=a-
%jon',had. cates Met Ed nalated saie*y regu *.
eor.s a:rd couldicse1 z licerse to c5-1a:ej
[].. ate =ic faca.tes.'/78J
'*.'.e 1 '
"1 t Q'11 certa.r.!y a a;xzmbcly depep%]
g W.
sw.,-
cf the tsver.4aton ica t2:s of. rome w~- t. >s e
Zve.sWT,ri.s.4,J'.MitI PtANT-N. 2/avf1Ac A M Mj<
T
- 4 r- ;.w?
.3 3
q@.%;r f.f' E-N'_ _ '
was OPERun:C ERRCRS/ IGNORING SAFETY I
U.;; CASTER E4 EM - april 7,1979
= - _ -
o
..i i-f
-,. 2._ ACuTEm. Nrw mSt:::
M 7 G79 P.M.
i-Av. m:t 7. im
%r Met Ecl Rd,eported Hum. n-ciM3 Mecha..nl cal Ermrs
,4 F
... ~.
4,.,
-u*,".
a
' W' n g W p
/ $.- d dG M2ff$s.EiSD W@
f a
y;
, x fh, ~
- n. ~
4 n &==
w-;
Q.J w.m.
.Q 3' R -
FMM _..E S n W M_ GF BS & R s,...
u<
^
w:-~
' fN. l' (Coahaved %,n Pwge Cae,
. */ [ *:6 h-
- OE * '
t
.p
- ~
e- @._r
-Q L.,._,._,
r vrna t p=, e-f v m iN.sc-
.. c Frc m ;G o.~.--.n. -vemment, k,.e.y ;,tcaR6ccras.,
, g~. 7,.
.,, _ gy
..-.c
,.e.
q a
t NRC.
4?
L :.
-s-
^'
A.r
-we tave se:: e 1:&aSa tht cee.
sur 4
.c
.- h. N 'r.,....~J I
j e
- f.,$'O...
y'a e m/aS
-? m:ghttesor:e vicia:;:ns cf k*.:ser=;=m,
,c v.. ;.
-M
{
w.
.s.cr,
.~
Mon," he ud. Ary fede2} a-*::3 a pesi -
m5d
- V.
.b a,;
, Meg E.d'rdliaveta wut anceoutettseof i
3 4:Jfgg.-g 31 j;. 3,. t.;,.
l
..f the i:s esgaton.* he added.
"-]hr-e- :- -g. c.,Wn d hm P= ge Cne}},g.
J., 5 Z.
-g O.e.VA-d 6 hccent-ce =isd i
-valve cwks-pas:;cd wic to app.arerit Cl
' dring a s i. p*.Mo test. a 'O --: u ti.at ::en;:ci-tte !evel-cf citr-tal-effec s at ce Threa M e pla:L As Cergel OEC 6 N2CIECORD l=;er*::n..
wa:tr m.x EJ e tJ c":*. lT.**ure art
,'.and, *- hse tiL ;;s d2 0x.Lr." :is enc'J,
of reactsr;rctec::s ms*r'a et= s nJt Q fud out ef c2 'ra c:L '.%f
+-
E!s nct cIcar f ::1 the recer T
dat = anted..
'Z N*
- P ' a NCV. 9 MIT E3 RE?Cri: A rrae.
which sves a2 ructor 1. mt I wa e thea :
OEC 16 haC RECORD:14et Ed Oi. td ; otect.3:1 r,#.e.:2 iW.=e *. 59-I overlocket.Cecqh a Mard 9 Met Ed repc-'s a turbine stdcwn cue !)Ic"J: ? s - te : r.as cet teent cked p: :r*.a tst-letter says the event'* ns repor*ed ta the.
. cf aleedwatep:.=3
'i
- k g.
- -r.
NRC, the assi::.a:t ad=r.:r:2Sr f:r the '.
EC 13 Na: E!COID: foeri : t ' h0V. 9 MET E3 RUCtf:Resc*.r a
jaC s regieral e:T e sa.d Fr:dzv Fe has cot
..recened wr:: ten r: f.ea*:en of ce over 2 des desg,ed to iso' ate the :*artry :coc;2 nstem !pute e.z:M sa"cw-bw:d z du:eg an acc.de:t:2J ta c:ase ; at:el =at. - - - + h--
g,?jght."
r--.:
J.'I
'd=.a a test -
O.C Z a h:v.7 haC rECO OrCc.d-::er i 7 ~ -c CiC 4.s.'12.14 NRC f f.PCIf:: ',:tocster puttp shuts d3W3lIe2 *L g 10 i
.7
-9..H.
Can t Snd Repefis,
g, -
- p. ant WM M to L.tr.ect @es
.d@ab p'm A;'dm-'" l
-* l I
~
Caryl 5 ycer sa;d 'a scard of boc /
Lut m:e the reacter budd.:t in they-. NOV. 7 hRC RECCR3i~te reac-
' '[corre:;ondence f.Ues and " event report *--
.. ese :t oiacedent i: cese pe:xt.
L,..;.actstasdows.
s--
."NCY. I N M f ECOt3:r,'eedwater.,
'fJes found ts oc'.:ments fre:n Met Ed-
-'--l CEC 2 NRC RECORD: A ct d*:
':about the Mard 8 f:nsed nive che=:.L.
l er ulveis "i. advetenJy" cpened f Ji - putr;sh *s daws V 4-'
"4
' Met Ed,teud.has reportedileve.ts;-
shu: t down the tgrtme..
. OCT/40 # ET E3 EE?C AT:- Two
~ -cis ycar.ard tLe pape:verk enthesecan th OIC 2 Nac IECO23:_ A ft"y -.t:s ru= e:s,f J toyarscose shaws
. ksed valvebloris th-fe-dwaterC:w.
c
" acrourted for "he March 61nede= tis ect.-
~ r CEC 1 NRC IECOR3rA cc:de".s
,. ccantrod pos:::en.theccepre r. ire
', :s ce!c fie ruc*:r tLling. S E-T.I.
_' : W '...
. '.'9 s;, er pump faHs, sin:'ing dow:Ltie feed-[f
~ OCT.913.MIT 13 RE?crT: Vahe
^* ~s.~'in.e c:.n. tn N, A-. +q2 s.
-.wu e po:#st.= ' W % B,,acstocbseisawu:1 rys:e=2 cc=tals-
. q ft m. h I:spac*ioa #
i-
.. CEC t NaC 8eCOr3:
P er=ad. J '.r. _g c=c:.2:. :.ated thd. ;
u,:. What is c' car is that preced::ts fx
- cf water flaw rate is rot f
'. OCT.,13 MET Es aL=3rT:Jater
- clecki:g vahe geset; ns were not as.-
.NOV. 21.27 ha C R ECO RD: Met..,,,' ;ees f-- t a ssa :2 g*:tr.13r..,,w.
'_r:uCgect as they s :.L!d havetes. ?,- 9
- 4..Asd it was a s.=2a oversight.one that.
'.,]Idd reports cpersiisa to rt=cve oG res-S k'. 5E?T.L N2C 2ECO10: C :: ol J2
, c< curred atnut a wear late, g: vert =ent.-
x h a de conde. sate pc=p. ' - Mrob!cm 4% ops ; srA feed -sate NOV. 23.28 and.NC V. 23 -l, pu03.-- A r W W*.! [ -
.Qves:lgators sayg thalis tearmg the brt:t n N
of the b'a::e !:r ce everts that ied to ce d
- NgC rECORCL P'a t person:*.I do nct.-N.m. '5EPT.'- 2 4 EC IECCID: 1 ead
~-
cheek valves that isolate the7 eat'. t - 4;. :p met =t esjts dms N
-Mirch:!aceder.t. - ',.
/-~.. f :
. 2,uDdicg.. M - T t. 3.-. :J. 7.
-UNOA TE3 5 EFT. METE 3 ttkiT:'!
. c-!! would have beem an e*:*.! rely dde.
.J..J NOV.15 NRC IECOt3Mle sat. ' [ l*:::t 2 teps g : c2'.:.g poweis tet-j,
e t outm=e.* :; aid Earcid De= tan. NRC's x-t.4 en 12 d -sel gene-at-r i::s*Tu=t: 3,
1.g es Se;L 18. fcCu n t a ::Weet l cperabets chief. "J (ce uNes) had 14*n -
are lausd out e.f c2Ltraton...F i -, -. stuidora cused by 1:r an:t p::b -
- operat on.a!as cey should have beam. The
.. ", l
- ?!aaare ts n:au*.aut the a:.= ;ary feedwater a
,- hoy, y haC E ECCt3; SMicits':"'_ien--"f.y '...,
.w:.
ps cpestianal ns in vio!a:!as of the.,'
- been.e cond;tsocs."> '- -
"~ '
rW-=
' "L* "~' %."
- f.,C
,r-42?.#. ost5,'g d eont-t" m : -
.... ~
-.~.,,---w.-
6 ',: Cf tSHry probb:s at " tree 'Ce IS-
. :and tuit :. repo.a nac accial 5:yde-t
- sees e e pi.=; r:a;fusedc=s as more sig all '
- - c2st 12:as eJthe the ulve or =iised isiptc-
Lion prc 5!e=2...-
- ~
' "Ws.they're hannt p =p prchlems."
- he sa;d this mor:rg. "A ict of rmew an d a fot of icves*.igat:on" ar,e bei:3 trected at
- then.
s
'. f But, he noted, cose ff. ares are "not a-
"~oblens ci somc6t< that (Metropontaa e-r "suner:asce* of CPERATING ER.RORS/ICKORISC SAFETY
-equipment cr tests is "se.rseti:nes Ire;cr-E P 3Yed I
h.. tant, sormeti=tes not" Ec 2%3 d:v5':
be in:prtance of nIve Fro::I"Fa.
e R
rM
-2 56 058 Nkv)mm%c kkk
_t.JdCASTER NEtJ ERA - April 7, 19 U (CONT.)
I%9<
- No.t a Cateitrophe--
1 y.:2
("I'Is sre we hve fw.LCes that do Dot
- l -bve tr.at !- ;ueccy, Snyde 5a.d of the 1t lCreported 'rtosed 1:spedons. *! cas't uy
'.Ws t.a1 It socods sort c4 rndd, w:ne Saa y socle. but cct a est.u'repte."
1 Feder.I rep!2 tons ret; e rera'ar 5-
^.s;edoa clite bund:=ds of psec-s c.f enip-
- cert in a cuc car po se plant. :s = el as cf
. ; ce preceda:-s t. sir 4 that equ:ptteet.
? - C 5 the re.a:ter cf Oe mye p-2l-=.s-
, these fadr g to cLac or not in pre;er pred-3 t; 3-Lyder said thee are so trry bact-
- p spie=s far cen." cat as.arge uh,
- terg c!ared does cet re-M a Ins:n;a (
. ;!n ce. p;a::t's' sale c;c2.:.i.an
. i
.s,.._,
i
- N..-9.7.-Wha.t Went,Wr,ee 3 - C
- rr
.s J 4' 5-Two nives.'oo.Urdt is rm:*:rj-Dese111:43 led totheashiet:.,
y
)ba&;p, cr emetm fe-d w2ter p:=;s
.-d wee =a:ca::y tur:cd,ctf, appret:y our-
- r. img a " test asd ma ::emcce"opeaucS tw3 -
weeks before the accient. De i=p.rt(wr!y
-cbsad valves.-st,ch prevetad the.crera -
I t.:s of ce.:taas p2=ps wtes ther wer e d:2.s, !
~taca27 nesfed to,-res'e cwL g -wate.
see ect re<pened. Ras is requ:I:si unde e
' r tte p art's te-WI spec 'L20cas.
_r.. -Flec :ul =apette reief. nhes
- h2ed to cbse, as they were desr-d to 63,
- a.'.cr opear4 prcper*y to re ena a pressure
' tc: dup in 13e textar * '
' ** * -Re pressurelevelladicM2 gave the
- cp rators acorrer*.infor=zt;oa a
- cut ce*
lcvej cl wate in the reactor press:.:.cr.
~2e cor'aeent (the sp*.rs de-
- s 4
- ed to kerp ra62::ca ta tte re2: tor b aud-l i:3) w,s 1 :propely des 4Ded aM thus ad-
.oct iss; ate cos:amr.ated water as 11 was ppposed ta..
..p _, :
a 7
.-Two emergency core coc:Ir:g sys.
Le;:s were tt ed cd pre =aturely.
-Re uras:urs pilets in Ce rt2f.cr's:
.Nel r:4s were suawad to lose iter prc*.ec<
[Q ne N'cw Li hb:a=ed i's I st of prc5-
- ive cweir.g cf wster-9--- ?
. P
~c=s at:Oree Mle Island *U=12 f:r:s t
", ?lo::1;r Operaucca15:atus Itgorts " $ e so<2::ed py teoks ? Eed by Me' row,
Itaa Easca w.th the sudear. Rep!:g' c4 la:::7; Nhon's reg;osa!cotficeds A
?: m ::. Aa.,.2 -@* l-W ' ~.
M.11"also used'"Preuminary Net 5ca ',j
'~tioC'repo: s of theNRCobtamedis Ash,'
I
'L.f.na; !Jcesee Le-t Peparts',f!.hd is }
- K. g cf Prusna. 2
- 4 pre-s rdeav of the -
. Me~oce::tas.71 sas.Co.6 s.G p tLishedi
%nar io' the acadet and obtai:ed 21.1t1 '
- Ileadirg headqaastertkc&.--- : -
. cIrJorr:.a::on on the sequemce of eve =*s
.f *
(and pmb!e=3 tt.st !ad to the accjdetavere
-drawn f:t n a tra=sc: ;t of the staff bnet:{
2 of.the Nuclear Erciatory,N"ca,'
'%ven Act:1g asme.-start -... -
'. Un:t:wasErstputinoperancsw$enit
- texled ?*beral cri
- : cal.ty? d.:rir4 tests at -
4;;7 a 2:s. en Marr.h 23.2 978.'..
@,b mfi-stpretie:sorn:Tedlesstias24 bours aftes.te reacier.'r'faW wt t 1:ts v
- the tes.cg p. se of cperation.O.e rex".or
'aute.atn2Dy. hut down tc2cse of this -
prebier:t. ne NR
- report th.at Ic!'ou ed de-sc.tej the reactor; :p"In pir:seseowa2 l
':oo fa:niar ts Pennsyhimans. A "rel.cf J
' sive," sad the report '" fans cpen on s -
e
- powericss." ' M ' M/ *.' '.... s -l
~
_.. Eg4rcer:t ar.J de=p prob *ar.ms were ;
,%ms swed out danna the next.cwnl.
- roc
- ts.aM eleetnoty was teangproduced ~
- car =g this pl.ase of :le startep cperandes. -
%De :Ut west "co.r ernal,".as account-!
r lag tern ti:: rnen.s f.s costs could t?.en te P
-f.gared !:ta the W*:ic:*y bree rate, on
- t; Der _21. ]1'-..
I
- 6,
-7 sm.-s. g;;; p - b e
- o. u..... -
..1.
..y..
. e r..-
g
- c;n.
... - g
- Eh'a (( *
- "'N s
{'w?m l
$r....M. 1. ~.;;.g.,g..... h.:.'*S sid
.h 02 Z 7-T.5/~CNOT SC SAFETY A
M y
4 sh.
e e
e o
.~.
m m_.__
- m
., 1.,
i 1
~-
o
... -. -l f...
8 1 1
M3
,e W9SUT{.h(,jf M L. B.W.
.la...
.=
6' * ~4.wW w la m.
n y,.a..
WA s
i YBY&
Y b
W... e.a ng:
H
@V'. g.,;..W.,,... F
- 54 o,g
'r 2f.V e
m,[, w+ 17T..en. m W-.c.1 2. U n C.il 0 1 D._ H, m.7, a,
a w x. : w....& d C.. % w ",a, m W
~
,T O S. %. p, :.
..,k e
.,+-
t i
+.
e.
w
~
F.r:l a.
Ul MiU
~
s..a<.n ~
.Qd, j' &.,,T g/,'7[fyyJ;,i L);'&. Si, f.el.., a.
.s..
.m 1 nonce work wandone en Unit p r et e s as i
9:
5-1 l!
. c...'L,.
.f...
. h.., : ',. '...
r e m un,,nad-naww w
m v.
D s?
em eanow en,o,,1
.%. %f,u.5 Q.j.ir[:..Yire Aucto inos atse in it, e ter n e es co d..,.1.
.e.
At t n n rrt u.e eenJem'e va t e O
N
- ey rob evanhat s.
=
Asnenaccaryp,ng,tw enugne#
i Os P 'O
'I ord en*n em g'n in a tverg behina the,ci, f or ins hs.. buttin t
s ew.reweducawcudearrower.M. er mantun rei. tauni deety terc'kn. i
. 'her and mn!unkai buium.nWricten wesen t. Aad the cha?n e[Nerun '
renn uiesicam uut tumi the iurunennatbow n f t :urnened to rnan e the heat that ' I"N
"'"7 N h' "#"
nor, r an.n, sot
'kI*
I"" '
".. U s e,l. elf,,'l 7,1,,,, Ni,$
W""m* ir ina n"e heu n"ro in2% r a S
,. I. :MT!Irsi. 8mt IUrPN e ic1the g'Vc,c,d
!c 'a t
'"f e t "" " "uu i
N gJ -
.e sene In mee e'.edndt ce greatest force knowit ; heat to increMe temperduret, dnourff-N.bni nuclear n cwert u e, 2 per('
A l
tv'm umf to fe;at M tenetne.r t.
C1Mr"h t twiler ne mMr44 Nrt en nr* Mn.!-"C'"*8 B' *"*"'" r tuand,;,; an atomic fp0 rte to scat up 1:
ee mis 'erse!st_hT ra. Nr; b'rn'il mo' vie.nApnuere nskarrm cr'
~b'.
M r0
- .ht
. la own enten ad - tr theer
- etheaaNente F
'h' y ht'et...
conhomekun c
e 1""
U r""'"'". u'g,,.,I P 'Ca 'a
. re'>H, m weanese, March n. im, the. 5N*l't "d'r">dridrat p"'"Me'"
J yt*umesodmnasuned rneo ye r.nne wndwrc re a n Mi s treasor.
' n^ 'o'A n* h 'k'e'dono ac f-nt rra. n r*nie4 tN %. =- ^'"'*"'""*"!.'
i
[ k,i NifiY,. a$e*,
nhn
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- -- 256 06; ghQ}hh jy p
.. _ ~
' GCASTER NEJ I?A - April 11, 1979
..=-.
.*..n.,
-( NRC 5ays.-
hW-MgsePlanij
. S m v.v.2,..pr.--
een rgm. :mg M w.4. w.,,g.
p m,
.. ~
-Suis 3.i wCY,lon.,
.t~
g r-.
.WASICiGib LU')-Tia'h
?*@ x Cc& ~~ uit. toc.ay_ tze
- Three
- 4 e b 2-a cuiear pue f ast acts-dect ric ors a nced far trier.t safay ectree-teu c; ac2rM alci te catss's =uclear.
~NEM s-f d%, 7#-!i%
~F'a: --=ga g: _ : _ mcm N O e?.recc7 Cd not s;-0 oct the acus 1
. needed.ht s. aid a de=:gs Caw wu fa.ad !s J N:=e ;~w r ph::s de.4:ed try. West:g4 hMe CWl.
.. M%~.2.1:y,.,
-.w;.
,, Mia'eod Cpeentors.i,G.i CMAd c..: -;
c. The cc =i:sco sa.d the des $s f.awl-
- = Car t.2 c:e at tie Three M.f e Island p'.a..t i hdt is Pe=.57 ra by B.abcock and Wi!-
N ccz, ceu'dI s;e2d p'ast operat: s a:d pre-.
vent sital e=er;-+.g c xhg ta tie event cf
.**
- W M.*
c 3,5.L'&_ -([~.
^
- :..Ther.alency s2.d-sa'etyJectre::tecs w*re :eeded ~otr a prcr y base fcr afi-
. !!v.!-water;cwerreacter facctl.s. wticV would cowr a2 but one of the *2 ice. sed.
r.uc eer penetpla:*s m the ecuatry.. ;..,
ne creptoa o tieFort 54.st.Vra:.3 p'a:t at P;a::x2;e Cole, wb!ch b a h:p.'
t e=;e aire, t,a.uccied re:3cW ". ---
, Wes.::. ':ouse haced i== eda:.e corn.
tr.e.::t cc the NRC sute..'.e:t.,. *.. h.
. ye rd...,"'.I.
+
. @ p.y O ' pend on 2 SignelsN.7.i.
.~..py,--.,~..
7..e I.1 a "p:rN-"r sctfl cation *'wh!ch
= the mency telecheced t.1 reacter eyers /
~ the T.4.C saa.d Nc5:*pouS4 Se.::t p.astow3-e-s a actre Apr.17 erars::g that w=e Fest-,
.1:Mergn=d fac' aes depend en a -
d cc--J. acer of two 25t:c=ent = pals by
' the.pla:tcet=puter to t:rs en emerge =ey
- coo l::g aute=a:::a"y wten there!s trouble '
, w..'t th e c am coo:ing res'.ect.' N.~..
.s
' f co=p:ete coo!.:g f2dare cza lead to a a
=elidown er everhea:ing cf tie.resetWs
" core aa; tie ide2se of large amous:s cf raicac':vny. d. :, r !. I'< -4..
..e Westinghou3e saad it wu beJieved that a small tre2h in a reztar pressuruer cculd
'crve cce of thee s.gr.als appeari 4 tig't whi'e the cther fa:Ise.. ' < Q..
.. Is ti.s c:se, the coc:putet wcrald cct t.tra cver c=c ;e::7 cook:4 a:1 a p'.ast o;+rator could be maled !rto 'erronaous actaorts.",
Start Ma.nwolfy ' -
.~.
u...
Westirgtocse reme ded ti.at oper*
' stors start e=e gemey cuchg r=asua'Jy if the pre-sure s:g::22 a; ora d: ops telow its
. trigger potet. - -
ThdRCsaId it was stf3 rciewf:g th,e
.crtent ta which eve::ts is the it.rre MJe Isla:d actitant ap;If ge:erally ts pla:ts
'desiped by Wetrshowe and Co=bustf oa g
Ekpem:g a.:we3 as Cabn.ck and Wi'.ecz.,
-y, OPEPATINO EFJiCRS/IC:ZR!! 0 SAFETY
.- Mfi 0P r u r y g G [l N O @M W A.
256 064 I dM A W
P
_.. l
?
LANCASTER NEJ ERA - April 13, 1979
..,.a h
s APR 13 TR9 P.!.'.
i u%.
Tapes Reveal
.q.
N.RClGm.oed'
^!n the,Blirid'-
.i. Lt.w. _.,_.-._
.-.During.Qisis?
M,p.m.f.'co.)
>sa way?eenwuc,cu:d be. hen,
pec;ne moved out-i
... c;-
..n,.
- T
_.. ~? s:. 'raew,e -
. ~.m, :
. ~...
. %%.dn n,%e.1 mor, anscdpts RevecLWctrygi-..;
confMer.ce tiat the mctor tcWd be (1)n-l l
- c..-r..
tvCed. and_he et.arg.'d -his med about
,.*+--d...
, -.g i [
q-
- M. M._ 9 -,
-e esmtos.
~.
.~ 7 ne trarxn;ts show *_'.at NRC cts-'
a E 4 (v
[M.
- cd.s 2'sa cer
- .p:a; rad 11.aty.act cpenters M
Qf
}'] 3 5 wea sa
'i..
' -?* AP.R 'I 31979 P,lL. W r, e.
, d ee p:ard becders.Eabcarace w : car, a
4
-.p ;
,.r.:
f m W h: "T were sicw t s reczr:e hu smody tte.r 6 3.w -.
_ w y e.... e s.,
mcor was damaged aad to rway i=pr ar.t
^
e etar ates ta t'e NRCi d,.,,
j g
, pe g g "f,
j G@..."33 g.
Ma"as Ed c 2 mrth :3 the rra'ctor 19%.
3[t.
$.JM i
,' h es f so e
- Nrclea'r tec]3 !
- De tra.-mt httshnj 1 shows t'.at
% had !.% ecsc=g Eam and l
nyeentades d h wyd
$ drourji tte m-
=tJe r%d-nt Certr_t u s nsm g!?.emp-see MJe L'.and ' Ned fmbry,NRC otGcals were st.:1auss-
' " '.4 boun ahu am W md.
1 omed e bLad' f-r days... hg sanGus ! ms the s!: atJCn F"dztt *ahe -
t t readm(sit.at h=tedatcored.amage.te h
ts uTecg or what mckd;rg a frCogan er,:Ioswa - ar$ nn-of ce2r r ect p. ' ous repmurs la ensure the safe *y of P:mns.
WE **CI '* fycrsyw,gpected cf sama g.ut W se
-" ; 2.M eferomed meet-' - in the area ~ ociadeg an cucuatos c ri e/ -
" ; " ' rN ; ' ' ' J"@D H -" -
f, D.scuncg the ps_bdy d.a hWo-8' U
f,
'e -
ug as, yea r:.ade ? gen ez;:lovon. Dud;cy.no:t;wtlas tiAC '
..: ;.;4,, atficialud.rRptrew we beLes eit tazes -
., Mart. son sa s as appare.::t tydrtgen ez.
.s
.e ace: dant began, p 5 p,rrent d cag-n to betote thr:u stla:
Maston m the reac: r edi.r.g about ten
'ar,v_Qumos 11 pent ts be a cetocan.as in.rt;re_ P_;bt -
bou s af terthe accident begaa Marc 3 :3 was "
me cw+
d* ^ ouw weemk Wve pt3 p.ne-L.~. Bat w..
' cot reported t o tt e h RC unn1 Mart 3 '3.ne en that they bve. for all pracbcal purposes; W*e got to as-prvnce of hy'iregen snouu t. ave beca a,
acnnng tctaCy m. sorne ce meure ts fia=r.atne, but I d::<r1 tp.df *.o core dar-a g e, he poir.ted cut 7c e, tat te '
' ~nat would hase gives us aclue bours t
- ?7.pM,J-T.ttank arebts yis am::acgr g':
.. ! th=ksirran erpiosrvain xtat"_:; #.-
ago t'.at the tierrnoccuples theat semors) ine d25cmen thes t'.:rred to ocer
.we rgut and we had a partcy daasw a.
cowe*d uk:s fNb"Peb - t pics and NRC Corervsnoner RkhardT.
Wd cere " the t:uscpts quote Ma:* son as
. Kennedy rturted,* W2nutJe. ! =1 gmc g
,uye t ' _..
-_- gy ^* M w gm rrass evacuaboa.- tn.ched la see t! the prude:tts amv: g at.
-Ctrrother *eacter act:de-ts, aspar-
~
u % ve r_
413 nonwmeful er fore 43 fa@ -
cejreac ort sde "
- s. h!ortr.aten is.
n re avre no suggest ns that the hy.
- tes. WrSon said/-It s to Lc:e uforrea-zu'ent, ad - - I..drgeo pned zny dang.r ta ce predg..
-boa toolatet. far::.nutely,andit'sthezarne up;e of tLt.d men -
g -
...e
- 1. c '. h ' f f
>vay esery partal cere rnePfon s tas gere. '
C me??Ab s'\\fl A:?.W.~
^Q
- " YPe%e ken't bebered'the usta-w am W a' nr.hu W deveicpreents in ' ' In a meetarg mrch !!, RW. WH '
d N, =vf 2.shtlast n.;tt to -e n nce-anybody, iden'.ruch they sr>o, NRC 6 rector of sptems ufery, toki.
- .M N,epentme-marum
~
.us acade-t n the the comin=szaners blundy: "No p!arit tas
.,[Q f..
}%* M '-
I jcar po wer plaDt3 ewr been us this crcitx:1. no p'. ant has j '
~
.1,.,.
u.;..c <.' ' - ever been teted m ths conaton, no p ant b.3pcr[ Hydro [s e, sh SM al no major u fcr- ' has ever t*en analyted in tuas cva6Lort in
--...v.,',.
-, -tmn ackly reported to ; the hatory of this pregram,_.i a.
- y. $c:;heatbg the p:ttl =2 was the C5-.
s...
r t :m;. 2:tson was one of atleast t'.ree st2f f,
",c)ve y a the reac:ct vess.el of a large tyd:> d but they renvey
- nentes s tv), on Manh 30. =ere u.g::g a tration et the otS.
2ke sense out of ' precaut20 :ary evacuation et the area -
gra tutt!e w*Jch thrtatend to b'xi the s about a Ltad af doamed ha n Err + Mde I.f.and, x,m.e,13
. p.zlIbe c! coc!bg wa!er.2,'f" ' ~ ~.
n.at cost have. caused merte;ti::
hagt.nedT.T..- }mdes mud of Harruburg. Pa.;,,. - -
ie md it would be '.. But Oe' <omr r.sson cd not recern-*
am d pcasB!y a m eP 'un of ce rtacter rare.
.e cert *W be. rhend it, parQ becar.se the 3:nd was satf t*
lre!cet:g hrte a nour.ts of rdcactrity.
reactoetouM te-N 1rg ernoc20y'and.nobody'cuakt be sure i ' Bat r:chody was age hcrw the httb!c' i
- X enuld be re ::c-*d. and to cuke rr.s:ters l
ather we-A Mare ^ -
1,5 yg i.Q..,.- /
worse cere 5as tencen1that cyteiInight j
rv.*. ee.L
$** NeC-Ago 7l r e enhver!V _
slo dy;oc ce tydre gen to foru a pote:Lal-
.iq74',ffi. - ~ MQ:.~'W97~.'c;% r8d,
,17 erpleuve cirt :re..C F(3 q.
~ - - '
){ersine comrrented that this was act a g' 'y pc-sabthty,%t you can t rule it cW" e And he Mded that?this care is21la *
. any. grestssbpe,to; bt iraft:cd st' thg !
g me.:nent... g w..,
- 3 0s tM r.:hlect of an evacua:ics, cae c!.f.cald senbed the resyne to t'.e mt
- km3 cf s'Naton" as."a ~:M-g.v c= acJ.
e
[ s'.k1 Tar f.ng a *ryw*iere frtr:s 10 ta ; rt'-s OPERATING IRECE"/ICSOR*NO ~ ~~" 17 '
DM.#
MM.,.-
--~
~
2M CE J
b h >A & Mt
LCCASTER NE'J ERA - April 16,.' ' 79 2R?l.'.Q~ i'SE '.U.-
. r =:.T.* ' =,~7",~ ;:Q.
.}.-
v-
- Q-3 JIn Rush to Start Operctit:
n.____..
... w p. 2.
- g.g.
-n Readat Ren,. _...w. =..ararwFar
-.n.r.un n. c:
w.
.~
airs Pa
' N.
P.5CI. ACE:. PICA ( AP) - Metropir a:6 dst cf centauirg *:cubles w.3 ce new,'
taa Eises Co,in its haJte b get a now.- reactor and ig,oreC t vattan - reper.s.
c t; pled reac' r lato cc==eid ope-aten '. ',about faa::7 qu:p :e:*., a - '
3 ec ted.
at tree BLIrIs!.and. delerately cut c:r.
- /
s-te-s on vital repairs. the Ph.iladeiphis.+*cS'oW.Nes'Aff qurer queted br=eraid pmeat ecr: pany. Gm._ i{rs O'Fle'Jcn.[fdreer T:: ce ?.Ee '
ern;lc== s u smer.o_.;.w.
.. ;Mr.acd supi.-::tendant wu tow'c:.anages a a woriers a.awga:*r rqcrted t:datCat ther. pg.,i h.gan ud that ar.j,r a25*.e:7*:-
. 2er
.so sa.d Met z.4 t.ad e-::pge-s i:3. -
g ser.rtve jots wiv1c 12 the yt::t of exta8 *'h",[,.
'w'ks m'h,I' tien a:d sx=;ed op l:*.por*:1:t mamte i-readie'f far cD'E:: ercal c3e.N.;9-(,., e.m m,,,,,, _u eme w-e cewega.
,1,1,,,,,g d
~*7
'I e.-.i.::!* viewed 50 0f l'.erQ.. '~.Tht fafC C*.ed cre cue; wfJch !t t :it. Two we.it.%* t:tw. prAactc3.a - *
.s.
3 FT.44'.'. p.M J. '. :)Zwn substat:: atei La f ade a! L:' ear.#4.y.
5mrMii.,D.,'jaterr Cc==.ss:an dcct:mts., wtere a.g dComE h
. f.r tt E.. / t aweiderns/creered to make !. ; :per.,
"We wee 22:nned scued 1.vur.:t two ':~ we'ds is ch cere of the reac=r - a c=v.
wha:s tW were s' art:::t t p." sa;f kr=cr'.S,.t'.:cDcn defett tr.at weat; disecveed fcq.*a.N t.tm'.e.ance t:acti:ustlior: ras Reart:11. 2 : Eve-
~J+~.'
- e. who qmt N.s.ich at Se p'at:rlast year. 'E.. years.![J"3.
11 N he bquer.r sa.d a f e -ter =tr.t a:1:
after 21 years w:3 Met Ed.c pa-ater a:d co-. =a=:ecance worter retaned itat w'.en Es.
- ewnr cf the rmejear pl art 13 = des teicw ' crew txA cvera poati gees ta.t frerr: *,. :
Harrub:::T ort c e Sesq.: eta =u Rh er--
. < cts'ructen crews. 4t ica,cd. _
-?f
"":s tef hn; you. ordt two wa rashed.' '.
-We had te ga i side 2e tank ard rat:h >. !
3 Eve yW who works there krows that."'
- itbecauseit nsis d:e need etrepa:t At D Beu~$rr said. '.--[ 4 '..'01." --76. : t::e t; :e cry ras ce teatr (ca ce ta.a.t; -
^
ne bqturer saJd e p!eyres c:ted s::ct - every?J:g wu parched c:: wwi ha:d rub. O beiders as taked te's en sarc y equ!p.
ber. all k.nds of thn p fust to k eep t::e water ' -
a Inert
- T:alster:aSce b.:dget ctOacxs la !,te ID."the paper quoted h;;s as sayIrg. '
~
k.
3
=
p f
wu umawa
~
OPERATING ERECRS/ICNCRING SAFETY 256 066
LANCASTER NE'4 ERA - April 23, 1979
. - - W,:.
.O.
--t*
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n,O.r.
w r s, m@ n M
-swngm...%qncCETelTzrSn u m.9
- . ~w
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r 20 r.dEISIS~J av NWy.aN. igm % F*sw.41+v:#se
.v
~
-- scec ua -ne e==pany eat U understood. ee =tma ns.e-psy -
., cpers:e> the. n:e*.C2 Is:and.ruclear under control., ?
em.
.o.
.b;pownp! ant was not preparers f at thef= cent (,. ~!t wastr't unt3 twa cr Srce davs eat i :eli4's2 ster a:d f r t.'.an was ur. aware of, we k.new the sepe of the accident."
---sts sco:e acmr:L4 to tie firm s top cifi.. -. There have bearr repr*s then that the
'c:al.2.;. a r. ~~
.W,-
ut:bry had been ordered cet to ec= rect-
- But Wa: tee CM:tz, pres dantcf Metro, furber en the acryert: but C:ritt deraes 7.pcl.52a Eisca. Co. deces tr com;any.,, that.......-i.... v.,
.i '!4esident Car *er rever t::d ts that' g r ? pokes =en rt=:ed the ;mb'ic and c:::: teMi',
- "("gycy O.e att'y handleh.we-couldn t tak to anyonel sor-c:d his C.,,.y-$sp the snuaton proper.
cfSce.' he said. adding. "His c!! ice 4 d W
. ind.cate some concen aDout sL@t:y c lft.r.
17
-c.
7.L'
.. h." Keep us mmd 5.. er.". Cavers cf reports g
carr was dealicg,
' ' ~
P70
[.. h..a-
' w *NYp::blem he '.,' -.;.T L1., P.NW' i. J. a.,, c, '
.:e eever. e.rpenenced. _-Crr.tp.s22d Metropoi.!2s Eiscir pr:i-
,ti 3
p before:'* C::etz sa.it - 'pcsed that Lclear ReptatoryCc=mr.s.ca F
j e
%.< 4-r d la an intemew with 3'
de kadirg Eagie...otSc:a' serve as the on!y s oke men. b;;tadded. "We were s
'U_,fk 3
~ fy;. jy
?. Rd""d'1 'K ** **** Lp -esrate.".._. i.:...i ;;.Q ~
m.k s -
_. *! mink. when the fbal analy ici1 -
/ 1 - :r e
- st prepared for i addestitwade it wil be *. hewn the bub--
w'at bat,>cned." heq b!e d:d not create a dang.: ta :he a ea,*. '
m
, Wehe< CMtr '
said.f."Maybe we'h t:mdi,ne new<f sat!cd U:ttIIre'ac's'r tegan i -Cm
.~ ~ M e !colGcC.
, should bv,e ten cure ;e- ~ w s =,.. c -s.q$ E, fy.-'-y -E(:=cn-to'eciled deprecianca hr all of;
- back on st Tt wn the Urrt pubilt ratement by ygg3.g.gg, peg.
3 7
Cre:tz sme AprilI.wirn Pres: dest Carter 4.'3,g gg,,,, ;;.,,ce utd:ty cut c:rners ta went to Eddletown f:r a tm:r of the c:%,,1973 Gargas that,
.j g g i
b calm the :apn (,;=,de by dsgrunt!ed workes and cntics. !
cars.,.Q$..an E
'l a
.g
.y...,. 4.g=
, neremeretudgetcits.butrmtiathe-f
-1*Whe-rthis that ecturref.none of us I
knew theutent d Se acndent at the very;M.n.uclesr portion of the plant." C:citr ad. d
- 3 T?wre v,s nodbg dene'In the cons *.r
- e.
begmayg@:2ud.. 6 $p., y,'+Micn of the.Urut U reactor)that would put j q%j y'g g7.
,'.rW"* *.*It6t pla: t-in'opnwunless it could be i
- n-..
.s- _. ; saretr ep ra:ed..
,.a !
"We weri-St lyirg. Dam =;t.we triad at 2, s cor struction. crews did work 1 erg au ti: es to tell the pubLc as we sawit.De.4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br />, he s. aid "but not wid the 1-tent d unfortanate tMrg is, we did.it know be Q *d:ing anything wTeng or tgass:rg safety total esteet cf the acedent until several features.*.
- e days tater."he sawi. <
..L, Crestr has cot given vp en UrutIL
...-*%:e Ls somethieg we didst ecert "I cer amir want to see this u.it back would harpen. but it c d h.a;pm. We dd4t ' in service some7ay " he sa:d. T n cptrrJs.
' know what would ha;;ee next Frer.n w at tg;., *,,,,, _", _ A (d.. -c..' I' a
tie.
"---a w,,.
OPERATISC ERRCRS/ICNORING SAFETY 256 067..
.. W-,;p.h9r%,
m..., w cm.G - m j d -n.
4 wi,,
p, g
j
i MTFLLIGENCER JO'??NAL - Fay 2, W9
. c-,,
p$:
NY 2135 A M. /I More TMI Trou1e two av z Hne weieturned to spue one at to the Susquehanc.na Riser.
i] Threa Mile Ishna?
Nmv the N R C. says the elfeet of Lereis five feet or 4:5.000 gallons the byrdregen tubtle that gave us sev-y of t:dicactive water la the reactoi eral worrisome days w:.s pessly exag-
-;f bu.; ding.ccutlethe amountthelacility gerated. It cculd not pcssibly have
. contained p. March 23.
blown the roof off the reactor releasing ne Lc!n-% Mary CoM deadly radioactivity as wr.s repcried.
Us:.2 claims ;t does not know %wJcce The N R C. says it repets the error 3f the operator cf the plant.alfhlaD made by its s:a'f in w; min; of such a gpuspected the sptem has been poss:bJity.
l
= leakmg or why it did not repcrt the fact ne NR L cannet te t!amed fer N to the N R C. Should not Se NR C.
equ pment fai! ares or human fa:Iures
- l find out?
that occurred at the plant before its
.,(
Further. ne;ther the 3 R C. nor represent.atnes armed Sere. Sat can
- Met Ed presently knows how to get rid it remain bbmciest when it dces not 7' of the radioacove water. It rnay t ie-insist Met Ed keep it r4rmed about a
- "; membered that Sey also did not know potenttally h.ardous leak of raicae-uve Mier.
% howto reducethehNr genbutbletha.
,3,f o med in the reactor at T M1 We feelit ts aur responsiti:y as a De first Icak of ra6cactivity, on newspaper to present t'e facts as weil T March 1 was not reported to the and as fully as we im therrt But Met ;
c Ed and the Nuclear P.egdatery Agency y p N R C. for three bours. It w2s that over- -
gsight dat led the NR C. to rnove into aavc made the job as d.!ficult as.t t253
, the phn* in a superucry capacity c Tver been.
" the fi.-st placa, Patently false statements fro.a the Rere are other prcblems. De operator of the p'. ant at t he bet:raint cf
>> sump pumps that cculd tse used to re-the ensis and snap judgments f ram the
- M mo e the water appear to te out of N R C.such as ce cne atout tte tubble yorder. A defective pump cr one that pcssably exploding the top of f the reat-Q was iradvertently turred off is st.at ter th.at tocame a 'sta!! erre " have l eft us wdh little in which to believe n began our flirtation w1th door.sday.
fi_, And a plant cool;ng system.wh.ich from either.
i
,{, '
I; ne nucl ear a:tMent at Dree ;
g} has turned out to be unneeded to date. <
may nevergPeause it abo-
- Mile Island has bean deciated th werst.1
- would leak,radioactmtv,A design error in the hhtory of American commercial :
FJ u to blame s tnat one. This is the. nuclear exploitation. Part ol the acci 0
,[-Jcomp.y and the nuclear complex the dent's importance has ta be based en a j y Pennqlvania Pub:ictrility Ccerrus-fai:ure of cornmunicaucn between Met a!
sion,has asked the federal goserrment Ed and the people and Se ?! R.C. and i
% to tail out. With its record of incorn-the people.
N
,5lpetence and unreliaFhty in the TMI It is not tco late toTerrect that j
'j j crisis, dcrs Met Ed deserve to belet eti error. We can tele ate 2e t uth. We
- the hooit?
sh,uu te tokf all cf the truth the in.
'.4
. We are told that the rad:oactive vcived partics knew. Hedging and deni-7,2 water cannot possibly escape ficm its als at the begincirg and later apo:cgies
% containment. It is not a danger to peo-for errors of judgement and " ciscos er-
- p;e. Eut w%!e the plant was being built.
ies" of heretcfore unknown failures
. u ere we not also lef t with the impres-lead to the destruction cf integt:ty at a
- ]. s;on that no radiation uould leak frorn tirne it is needed most.
De N R'.C.'s responsibility lies in ff:nu.& Mile Island. As we learned to the area of pub!'c safety. It was not
- n r m sternat4cn. it 6d. We dread to
!ithink what 4:5.000 gallorts of radioac-founded to protect Met Ed or promote
,'(tn e water or even a part of it would do nuclear energy now or for the future OPERAUNC ERRORS /ICNORING SAFETY
..eg. g
....h_ _
Nd 256 068
~
r;TELLICESCER JCLTL81.
".27 4 1979
?.
1Itmamano
' Cmu,s 7.y a
m,mubewwc R a m Y
j
(
0$
LN
& %,. o y
- s,-
, 3@, as en0LerState0..
v F. !AAy, l 413D A. M. l
'I f Dy CHARU.3 MCMg Calafano's test.=ony 3tJsday p.a.:J. '
yw rt'y cenc-med appren:nately two :.2'.Jas g
peops who Lee m a !.Cecie rad.s arot.nd
't. L WASHINC~DM - ne secret 1ry of
{ Hes:th EducatJon and Weifare said nurs-para tua r,g,2
- $N. '
day : tat rad.at.an exposure frem the 3r-e
, Mde Is'.and reactor accdent was higher
?
- than earl.er measweme't!.s Isad indacated, and as a result. that at least or.e cane
, death coud be en;ected amorg the,
(article i!1CC:plete)
J
' ma' aca peocie bvirg wi: un $3 mdes of the I Pe:msylvanu power olant hsepa A. cal!ano. who easter had l 1_said that M erposcre,no deaths woeld resdt fro n the (
sa!J l tat s:.bsequent reasure-
{ccents showed radiatta levels had been nearty twice theearLereatimatet '
As a result, he sud s:atasticalpr:babd-sty indic2ted tj.at at least from cre to 10 addita:nalcancer de22.s could be forecast
, among the popuiahon. De norm.al rate of
.[ cancer dea'.hs amocg Ucited States pepida.
' bon ofIwo :tiUon wouid te 25.0(0.
f,.
l
,. He a bo sa.d that the rad at2on cedd be k.cr;ected ts ense as many as to adinor.a!
renfatalcancers.
II:s testmeny tack note of the argu-ments by some scientsts that the assep-Cons about low 4evel raf at2on as a cause of c2ncet may be10 t!mes toolow.
Pessimistic Testimony Ne secetary gave his somewhat raore <
pemi.ist.c test: mony m an appearance be-
,a[..
. Mte the subccmmi: tee on ene:ty, cuclear I problen:!onandlederalserwesef tteSere ate Covemment Affaars Comrruttee.
Meanwhde. the Nuc! car Regu!.atory
. Commisuon renponed acceadng a recom-me siacco by its technacaI s:att that a rNne reactor, wtuch was one cf Gve cJesed
. last.90 nth far a re4valuat.cn ot therability
' to wn ctand the stress of so earthquais, t,e I albwed te resume operataos.
l De co:cmenu ct the Gwe commission-
' ers, however Micated they wouJd proba. '
t!y sibw the Manu Yankee powerreactor at fisca net. Me..to u tume opera tJon af ter I thetechnrals:alffamac-sa wnhen expla-f na tion of why :he plaat tan cecrate ulely.
i.
OPEhND @R/bh/fhMINfN.l f.: : k I' W
r.
',j
- ia.
256 069 D N._.
N DhNbl
_.._ _ e
@' o/ w)
/
INTE!I.ICENCER 30'??';AL - Eay 4, 1979 Water. t TML s p.
_t l
j Has Officidh i b.
I I n A Quandary I
C-~,..
locket at NRC ts cons. der eis whol plas
- wheCe we con.r. der it acceptatfe or not."
j De Susc::ebanna River proldes dnrjun g water for ce Cry of !.ancast 1 and sneral caer co nrcu uce daws nver frorg De Metredo!a:an Edaco Ca. c:aclear pant at Die-N.e hw.
, g Sute ofLc.s s appareet.'y we r not aware that t'e SRC was even cadenng reseasir t ite water inta tte r:ve. co rna":er how thorcughly treated.
.,,, l
'If Oe rest of us dcn't km abcht it.
yeaJ. Ei'J d s!UM Why Id the ress witheut tel';ng i;sT* %ddocdctf sad,
S.nce tie nudear xcrfent M2rd 23, "7
C m M N Q J' d,
w"stgt: y raicactve' was:e wit Vhat To Do, With Waternn
==k p
.e w...bD./
releases were wed wic.n reccg=ed safery ta:ntnent bu,;d.et. Eddendorf adde.1 All
' eeps ThHIn Quandary J9
-.-er c_e_; y
-e -
9N g.. m aN S W a%E-d-MW
[e L the as e syst L
b'huf g m3 bY. uuer daktec and f;tered.so cat
[
j pe r. acachwry in the uter is within teg;J-g g gg,gj g
q
- p Ct'eEmpiatorv Co:p%suon :s.jatory i :m:,s for d.scharge iato ce nver. e gg, g g y, sad I
[p scermg a paa ta Qne uqM.^.K0ve e now trapped in ce cor.:at.ntnent ne NRC's number two otGcial at taa nment budir g wouM be ah,we.pnto ce g
g
- Sng at Three MJ.e Is'and by r.ahrg it
- hree Ele 3:and. Pach2rs Vol;merga:er 3,,, g.3
.g
,I demed :?at "senous e,cnsiderabon has I' h.e for d:scharge irno the ksquena:na Thor-buih responded.
% Durs ay n:ent, the gowwnor's depu er,accor1rg to a dspu:ed re-ort Du.3 been g3en to date to any of severalop0cns
%y.
% y / M.AJJ N L MI for d.scosing of thei.ater.
press smry. Patty McConw a;so de-The rept:t tvfRC press spcaesmaa "To my knowiedge, we haven t gives naed the resor
, en Cart towched t,ff a corJusmg senes of any senous corsidera:aon as to what's going conc,e, pe7.t at int, but later.,MJ to
.aps this Ls a new develop.
4 temst teierhcr.e cars amor.g cif..a.!s ol to tedor.e m;0 2atwater.'Vci' rer stated.
menL*
J
^ ' *
.Oc e Poss' s.ry.
Both she and MJddendorf reEe7itud.
- te hitC.1:e sute Deprt=ent of E.mron-o rren:2; Rescurces and the gove-nor s oirce.
talsutements af*er anterneg tyle!ephone -
- nu sday afterncon, is answer to a However. he conceded that maki:g it with a number of state and feceraictf;;;;als.
. que t.on. Cart reported ttat ce NRC is-safe and then dactargeg 11,into de Lmtlaty, after a haenground cheet.Ms cons.dermg cher:acacy trunng and f2ter-Susquehanna is "one poss.cty.
ing tae 47.5.000 ga :cns of r26oacave water Vo!!mer's statercent r:u g ht have McContack said there was co:!u.sian te-3,,,..%,g og gp c:::1 it me-ts NRC standards for re! ease c! cared cp the issue had rot DER Deputy set
- La the m:2.nment bund.r4 arid the
- .
- :to ce nver, and then dischart=g the Secret.7 witam Middencorf reported:
other "Indus: :al wute sater left frora wats sa cases.
-NRC is looiang at a p;an to treat. re-surnp pumps.showe-5. laundne and todets treat and then t'asc':argt m xecrdance w13
. Det norMy radicactve, but n th.s case Wee! s Cr Mombs the acceptable
- cense standarcs of the g
gg,.g,y,g u
m.at is cor ect." Cark stated. "!cas't NRC, but them is no u = eda:e p!as to do N M C'M m*h Nb
}
tell yoia whe's et will be est:tuted nes is so "
I gg 3;,t and ruted. ~"'er* is no other r.com repor prebata!y gong to be a matter of weets or Mddendorf first de'ued any knowi-g 3,,j,,,,,,.
rnonths bef ore they can jo th:C edge of the plan cortsaderat.on. them made C'ut M N w h q u y' He stated: "ney cannot pump that his own s,s-es of telephone cats. and ficaCT abott wu that'ished inside %'m l water d'reet:y into the ::ver. It wn! be reported: "t is tnee that they are comder-
[
ment."
-a p:.n ped into bo6dir4 tanks, and the ra6cae.
ing this We are goicg to be mierested in l
C*rk M h M M M M g n l tmry will te atlawed to further decay down
, _g, ;g.,..
as M 010 ta M M rerns tad fWes catracy the centae.inent water w!u!eore as much to raore acceptatle levels.
r..----
by the doy practss ts "less can a
+'
thousa nd."
Of ha report.te noted:"Deewasn't amth,4 new about it. Whee ene would you pa that uter?"
A teriq to Vo'Ircer, there are other options, mdeq what has alrudy' t en '
done Elth r.'rne rad.oactave waste at the plant site: rW cirg the Mterby evapora.
teon or other rnethod to a type cf slu4e and thes tai.!ird awy tte dudge by truct Dr. Dan Mon:40mery, a rMianca spe-culist with the SMC. abo sa.d narsday that cleanirt and den d.sct.:rg.cg the.
m' I }
n m
p 1
h j,
hb k: Q water was berg considered, alcotp no
' b -
4 k.
'Q; t9 &
V f}
y"dner:massan tad ben cMQ, 1%,
lk n
s s
Se e is rio curn-t plan as to en
/,
Fg s
k (j
a hat the ;!an m3 be doing on a t:m6ct d(
D id k" d d[],d b f
4 vie. Thn r.il be rev.ewed by the tQg as to wt.at wt*!!.e 4;.3e w33 ce water "he sa.d. I Fe cr;2.d t'at the a; erg.wo dd treat the water in fdtrat:ca.>r.d fee.
exc'av. *vnh removes inest o.T e ra.
OPERATING ERRORS /ICNCRING SATETY
$[,Ny ac,dgNg.
ir; s
,.ic se e tk. sc. nes ar._e.e..
- c~% cite., ""
i
.es==-
256 070
INTELLIGENCER JCU?NAL - by 3, 1979
-2
-+ - ~
. Ql" '
Met Ed, NRC n%i M.. d %a:C.w l
.a :
. x.
.s
.s 8
Rep ^ rted
,. i 2 Days Be ore It'Was,'.
o 81979 A.M.I u
MIODLE'OWN, Pa. (AP)- A OM caused by cregen explas.on and show.
was c' ear;y reordered by the cecol racts t
3'e b' -' ~truc:an taid visit;ra ca.
eg e.at ce reactor fuel itself h.ad ban i:u:Juments - sa fu!! new of both p:act psinen Enday eat coattel room per.
da nagad. was recorded at 135 p m. EOT cceraten and ee N RCimpect:rs. whors te sured asd federalinsenters tas it.fer=a.
Wednesd.ay March 03 - about 13 heu:1 Ad not dentafy.
taon that the p'. ant's fuel cere was ser:ous;y after the begLn:ang of the cataon's most
-We ass.::ned they krew = Lat we were doar4." r cyd sa61 9
da:naged two days tefare it was formany sencus nuclear act: dent.
The ARC hu cla=eht was nct aware He sa.d the es: mon tnggerad an au.
Cm:.r:I Ro%C'A.
repate1 om superusar J.m Rovd of the hydreg-n epos.on unt;l Fr day, t emat.c iere cce:ct svar msg e tte reacer tsld s':unned rnerabes cf a House energ " *' " gen it wu fen".ady reported by tu.41rg. wn;ca had to te tur:ed eff by subcomrretee f. hat issocetcrs fram theyg, C'etnw:a Elm Oe cernpany that cp-eperators - aga.n. ;a til view cf the MC cWr See@ cry Cc~msm;: were stana.
erns.r.e reac:or. Cam;:a"y of fe.;a's have
- ge ing Dy as Ine inc2
- 4 r. cele en a reactar md ce Lgn.ficance d the event was not la Wuhrros. MC spokesman Trar.1 pre _sure morator ra gai;geleaped.
rea;; zed untal them That sual'ed " pressure sp;ke."
Sat Dcyd sa.d the hydtcqea espks.ca Mare #1T Wege 2 g
2.rP %,1 -
Met Ed N'RC "
?
Royd attempted to ' recon.stitct Se g
' 8" * ' * * *c *"'3' *:' "A :o' d
%8 E7c A* "
-~
~1 things h acoened real cuica." Rev d m1 H e iau 1 HOWieu'1"ze J
sm wed ee c ng.es, men a veow u, da,.
glarg from a cen: of bcard estrument whac21 he said rnar hate covered a Lgat i
f, h,,Q{G 3HyOrg showir4 a cntacal valve was cicsed it. stead I
b of open.
ca.t s.c.v. insrn,n,.n,s And be saad contrcl room operators ap.
Irrans saad e.r strg regulascns may re.
Parendy usread cg*.s of the ttve r,anare of qu a ;1 ant operators and federalimrectors M ac=ded sa :::ose (ht few hows not to r:prt safety mcadents to NRC oi!.cials, be! cwng ther 1:strutnents and not uNer. !
d yndang on the c;rcurr. stances.-
sr.anding what itey reeact. -!! wu a vey 2ut Ingra:n wd the arcumst.ances c4 unusual sataat.co to fM yoursed in." he S:s medent are still to be de'enruned bv
- L
~
Se NRC investason, wmch w:;I ano c::s'.
The group wu talen t's t'Se base of t'e 1
os h@ reactor containrnent budd.ng.
sader whether any reportirg requirement where Me ropot:an Edison %ce Pres. dent er:sted or was vno'.ated.
lr s:2rn said th e N RCean im;mse penal.
f'cha C. Hebein peinted at t3e hge c:re,3
' *"C.m'e structure and saad:
taes ist infra: Dons of its regWatons raneng 4 W h are abcut W'@ t frcen a3 er!!orce nent letier" requartr4 a lons of raicactive water in the t.asement of s
cnrrec.aon of the ir.fractwo to revocacon of an operatarg Lcense and f.ncs u p ta QD00 ps buddmg." He indscated an irnag:na:y ane ca the structure. "It's up to about t3e Udail Colis Revelation Oisturb.ing' sta.goog 3,,,g, he s.aad.
F.es. Moms Uda2. D-An.t cla.r:.an Congnssrces were sMwn a inieg W cf the House energy subcomfrut:ee terey.
systerrJ under construct 2cn des.ga.d to l ing the first full tour of the stncken plant guarantee t?.at the reactor can be cent:.u. g since President Carter carne dunr4 'he ously coded wetout uhr.g rad.cactne hect of the cms, sad the revefacon was water out of the reador build.ng. s. e. t exttc e!r d.startmg.
Herman Dieckamp. prmeent cf Ceo.
/ The tact that there was as espleos cral Publac Uchtaes Can.. Metrcpoldas that frst mornin, and that the twopany Ed. son's parent frra. saad there u at !c25t knew about it certa.n!y should t. ave bee.s one known irJiance of tur::.an error-two reprted to the goverrmr. wto tad evcrua.
n!ves on a backup irater rytern c.!osed taan recons.baty." he saad.
.t.
dutt: g a test were never reopened.
NRC merster Mctor C. Ensky, who Yet. be said the operatur who had came along on tie tour, said he was eco.
clmed the n!ves indica'ed on a check Lst cerned mta the report that NRC!rspectors that he had reopened them.
r...
ce the site may have known about the t:y.
. "We have t.te nameof this Mrscat We dicten emplesion two days befse their have mtemewed ham. Eis respense was. '!
supenors. - a.a.t43 rJas fm thought I completed thar" and reepened I
. ee 4%s is the Cnt I have beard that they.,
the valves, D;eciamp said.
- * '" ** %l
' ~ *.
ctacrved it at the 1:rne it happened." C'Lre sky said "It mil tie a sub}ect ci meticulous
,.w~"
(
renew."
8.
OMTC:'.' ERRORS /ICSOR15C 'ATEn' M.--IMc 256 07i s hfd f!! @%
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L8.'; CASTER : EW E.M - ?"2y 12, 199 M
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m the Tate !Ee Is.ar.d z:ac. 'ericwerf.a::t.2
.' cade c mal er:trs, heJpagt:::ia =asm?.
' mcueet stoa major ene. patlytecacsert cectal smen des 4uAfbe-acs cet enstk at c t=r ;Ws, a :Cc.s Ren!2tcw C
.t.
7
. ~ee----. w - w s ;2;;. m.
' rggmd report sa ys.-~.
n
.m%
n 2.e report,i: sues Fhdzy.smd cc.atol
...: a at twr.s are ot:.co so morty eesup-4 tsatitis.
g
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. Des [1~ ;i979 P,K dif cu:t for cpea::rs to te:1 wtat is reairy -
Cyrotee_Irnp.a,ed -
7 4..
happeung usade a rectar da.:g an ac-ze
.,.,The iecat;. f i=some== a=4 ee.- sy.e.gsn of 3 ME.
de
,7
,g,
. - :.f c.,ime.: p.: f, y - ~c c.:
'. so g.,,osa,,olw %
-tras in =y powe r: arts onen wee
, %. o,,,m.
the ueLh*d cf operator ever or, at ce c
..._..-s.
~ =NE ~"ove :3-cws habe'.and; for :
N =
.o
~.
. Is add.tico, ce cr.;plal ~M AUe least, impedes ce operator is c$ >ec'Jy,
- r.houOr
- pr Iskr.d phr:t in Pe.crybrua and e,ght oc.
carryir4 out ce' normal, aboor..aL.azd,
'F7Wed f: ore careA1y ce repred -
en desp.ed by Eatext & '.%1ces are trd.
err.crgecy actioc rep: red d i.m," ate u ta ec:::ral t.as ccer esigns, the report -
rtport said.., O -
repers of abno cal reac'.:r ocdcas so
. It aho sa.d the-e shou'd te c cre tra:s-
- suscRets cza be spored as war @4s d.
irg el::phasis on ce.zeed for c;erste:s.ta ?,,? ce FoKLWyof t :::revrm amdens., '
sa,d.
He s.aff report said the rs6cartive
. "" asarstiudQ:.W A picsectal w:=. mon sworn in core ci the Three MJe Idand facsey c uld cetOdifeJmtStst:".i J Mr. a.
- W 3 abs has tean ordered ta i tvestigate 20ther... %P tae ecaped severe damage f cra mec.tasi.
Alia' recommended is the t ;w.rt we ceDreeWelsWacc ettuthasyetta cal fa;.*ures as bst Mar.n's accidectl tut operaters incorrect'y dWed ;rcb:c.s
. be'!er pressure rtLef vahes and c==: tis to hire apt 2.!as scentric statt.;. L.
s
' r educe the vaive4cenrg problem cat con.
' me !.cembe panel a3o has act yet ins 4e the restor a:d tccit actccs utsch worsened thestwion.
i > tnbuted ta the Thrre lee lsiasd ac=dect.
$ncW from Congren rubpoena power
- j and ascerity to queten unnesses under 3e report abo tx'ed h'umas erre s
'y:., Furcer stud:es d nuclear pLct des;gs -g whrh a;puency contrAted to the Mard
. fcatures, operating character:stacs, and ac, cat toc centdered cruc2al by panel
- h284%j 22c7<.'-a
'8 accid-nt ceu Huruburg. Pa., wb.id re-odent tas. arts _were also. urge 1M ce
'*-5 "{[-
.D* 4 '
- W * - *
- leased sca:e raicact:v'.ty and te.repctardy p reportmu. ;, n..;,%J4, /r. -
threatened ta force evac.auas of c. area. f: The T.ie c2e*r Nuclear Reg'statory-
. LL s:ad =enbershd earEer' th;s Most cd the operator erms the s:at!
F.Cornm:rsion cust now decde, bas.ed oa ce cred bat been 4:sclosed before, but the l report; wtat ordeas ta issue to the r&s's~ ' ' weet cey a e sa:.s ;,4 win ce prw report d!cm1 explanat2ons for the Erst. g. cuclear powr:piar.t w -%.P.: %
' beir4 made and they cuct ta te f al.'r
. tree as to wey they wee made and it sug-y... ne repcst sad the m%cn ibeif prepares (ce cree dm of tnr.qs rest g s.r.2 cc. rect..onLy (-{dy. a. - - G
[.. e..u.3.;.~ 4_,Ne.C. A.. *2 p:,e,.s. MW d,:etcn, Pap *.'.e c.g -
- rek i
.-w
.-.m.
. g c.
e.n PmyeQ _{ered.. n C,
y.w.
.g fy, ;.s
.f. c.wy.
(..-
. - Is }{arnd,urg FY.hy. 'a sn h.s'#
tive cor.r:dte= demanded cat rer. oval of
. The3 staff" ecocme.nded.ir prove..
C.000 ga' oes cf wafer Sasce d.2. agei.
J toes's.4s addi' ion to those crtiereJ prevy.
pbntbecebyedc::t2ceew. eectus
' omy,at mcet of the c.at.cs's nuclear; owe
. ;otentaltcauhha:ards,.
p:an:s.- v.. - -
De water tar accurrdated cm de Sne NR'; staff added', -It is pie cer.
Tboe ot.the,ph:t's-rne ar crantaintnent.
3 taar that'ctt actons vt:I le regmed as.
i;,tM tsincetheaccadenth ' ; b g e
tie cterall'reviewTcfftbe'ractident ;
f"at and federal c:Lcah have md the }
r
. p-egr. ses, g
.a, M
<h water wdl te decentare;..ates' ud cca re-
, _ y Psc : reded t= pro.ements i-cNde kne.:f i 'o the Susquetan a R.* r as a vital
- tcer reac*arins*rt mets amd rentol d.s.
Nant re : ora'.ic* d.W coms g
..s cp in butce Pen:ryincia Ho
-byssoeperatoncasqu6 calf andaccurate.
c:onths fy wee 2ve such inic:r.at:en as.the level of Coms u'ree on Three MJe Isbd eJed om em! cg water ta the reacter core and its Cov. Dc]t brekri;h -*a prevert cr post-l te peaturgresmrecond.l ens., dest fose the release d a.y contare. mated er -
DUte the Three Mde Ishnd acc decentamir.ated wa:er ista ce Muh I
becas' emergency cooLag water'came en I
r.a Rner. un:11 de corervice can heuf w.cr.atacady but p'. ant opeators turned st eIPet tesumony ca pouable teal:h e fec:s.t e
o'i too n>on, ne nport said they dad it, j Thornburgaissullst cyt gthergseie, p chat!y, because cey saw a.f4h wrter ;
Lion. saad a ncaeman for ce g nemor,,
level ruf.ng in a pressm.cr, task and
,,g.
g-
. cought the reactor must abo te full of !
7
- ).i g* r. '
iM x
water, wtco e fact d was ra.l241ramic...
g
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)
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q, OPERAT1 W E.U.cP.5/IC:;0RINC SAFETY 256 0/2
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INTELLICDICER JOUFJML - P.ay 15, 1979
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&c Wzw. :. ? W-y ac. p.... ' -r n t JA.UCiCCN-(APl;, tne,r-2c.:r-Q. ThF.W -Reg:.akrr Cdde Eta :::e samerenc!. sics'ard 1epined !! Is
.=a afacr.:gndJedera.tict".wers k has saLi:teir."tr=r s:tra gem =rrlew1.J ear:7 ma. !a::cmeg a year 6g s:ud j
s 3
warted a yearm tan a:hy cs':--
- g. i:d:cator;=uledca:t o5e.: star.ints tur :rt. ' t3e comeucaces ci sma.1tre213 L:n re2cor SmM d ilt.'e T':$Ce h::fada"i:- f o!!as ecr:T-arycool:g mtem.De cper. j cro;;:g.yste: i_d34 ;. y y.~r"-
'eg water 1:*lst-F: tee ~ikeer.:4tW puge reent-*.co racd:: vater 7rar.its jle. '."... Carl.'hhe' son; a n wis creEat.V frl_f-% r cele 3tRiico-@ a:nr telf ord :ae premre regstsed by the.. ceTc::eW':eyAucort:ya danMC, d
i? t*21GiiiffED$,.P.d.T:s'ocaD re2c.:r.cere wte tjacb: ce e-re wn. i cotscet.= :te N2:uar
%c ~@W Tid 5 W.iscercespcca:C:enuccaracq C?-
.nat moe tas be-:re.cf as a r:sa;or ; r.ade as tac re crol;rgccr.f.:'onsJ'.v.N r, de:tsasf'.*3.cyra:@.)rar:1.g ly ig::oredM!r:eascalcrcef:ciredsbd. guscowred for'.: _, Furcermoreihe saad;.!a.2 7.epage:
- cea:Ta=bou:fc:rt.*e dry of the acceect
- rcpert, reEa:ce o t ca ir.s:.:::ent. =ay.
asd op rafirsef tteE2bcati&WUcer:tae '7and cz:::g ez*e: uve frerda=ager 5 ace convince the opentar t:r tp (shut dawn) '
!:rs wertaCowed ta befeve;cersuld dei-pe d ou the t:sL-:=entpe ttat p r;cubff ce acade:t.ce NP.C has t:!d open: cts at t the EPIfe= erie:cy cooli:; system) pumpt c -er=g E =t bua the cWedreactoc' r presmre level ga;ge abor.ta derer ::re pand_ watch.far a subseger.Lb Babcocz k *Cecr.2 Virg=arasade > U '.a!! ci ca nat:an s teactorr eot to reiy c s tte -
r sure) ievet." nat;s.ay gowrna.e.t an d io.i
.near HarrsbirgdPzfas.we.Il as c=eothC core waterleveis.'.
%.W."r, :f t " { dustry sour =s is eaac'!7 what happened; react:anowtemporariFy cIcsedistfu*.aer?f.1 Eht ac=rt g to the' doc.=ests ob
, '!vc ::3 at the R ee ma Island read.org.
l
. _8.ep.o_rt Sent To E'&W. m:rx..
safe:7ch.e.c.h.m.;.T.:n.L.ac.- on c tauwd tviSMP.a oude ar co. cst.antca=4 l :r
--^-
"-r
-..aL
[. Wet;iscasaldi:: Le'eptoceintr.rwew.3 1
- frers 1.* 5r e us C2kR;dge.Tc L it.atLzd
- report-3 teen sett.7 Babcod & Wilces-ca Apr 27.13 1. He d;d not ge
- a re;1y cen11 j ear *y1 : year 4w ne. - n.au.:
J ac b :.stence of !*!e Micle!scn report +
.r
.g
]was m
.oned dunng NRC hea::g lasti
. v.
- J.V. '
,., Q,.
-.g.,i l rmonth iovever those beannts d.d not
. y..j.
...-et-@--Q c/R** 2..
,: v -
. indica:
at Babcock & Wilcot and s=me 2-_tNitWCENCit JOURN AL.1.asicestw, Pn Tuesday Mey13.1979 NRCo Ps were h..f-mre ct the C od..
. bgs.m at:y IW8 but chcse not to.:.?
in
.; -..e,..._
u.,..,-
. ? :
.u._..
arllH1[. ~SSueut eart.2 a o=-=,e9
,,3c utcreatthatti.4.c -
0.t';'7.**, *.[. 5.-.S p..*3 t..d. t. U.s -j'y--
_l; C manag*.r to Echeison said the cornpanyi S " 4:
- 3. - 3....
%p* -,--*- g e.... -
agrud 'le premnaer level is "not a rek-
- t.
r g g ggy,g,,g g D.A 1
CTt0.
. bh. ~~-
. meet akcg 'ws:.h-oce: asailable ir:sro--
U"O'W"Y # OY *I-'W o
- q.,.7.. 4 y -]..X,.QTid'.
,ments "%.'.! provide sa: Scie.:t gtda::ce for'-
c'.i.; T :'{.T D $ M ~.
jfl'e
. -. f, --(%. '.C***7. - ** w.v -
9 g.%
r perator acton."*.
4
.r. < -' -J. '-4
.n-;
s e
....--*'K.
s,w.. v. n.r:ac*M,r.i.: al % c% &..
- 4 h*"?* t* 0"* 'N-
' ': M w
..v.-.;~~-.
t s
..n..;1 Henc:e.wto alsois a r=ernbar cf the jN1'ere.the hee'.2e Lland accdectr.but.
2 r._e sok w%ho bpre h. ; h..
.s za
-Safeg;ards. : aid la a telephene L* rwew -(cathewouJd i:vesf;2'2ther part i O rj* 3 A scu:re,wherhas see h?fr Adv:sory Car =:r.ittee crt Re' ct gr-
- ment in IW6 was Ecrebon s boss zs TVA's ;.
'k.""#
".(n]
a
. that if ce report's fit dizzs t.ad bees cade DRC stad Sterdews mL't p'.a:2 epentcts '7
,, 8
.: 7./"2C8 avaJaMe to 3.atmk & WJcz:rp!ar.t c; era-( cn dutyat ce ti=cof the acede::t. sa:d theM ;g....g],
i
.. _r.c:.:.;r.n-N Jh ters."* doubt thatit(tte cered 2rnage) ever r werkers were u:det the impec:co that a soc!d have hap;er.ed", at.Three-h!:e- ?.tip read.:gontte pressurmrleveli:.ica _
i v. :.gp3,Qd 6..dW LMI
- u. O.
Is:aaf. -
y ;;r : t:r meast bp !cvea et water us tie reacter',
V -
~-*-a
" - - - q
...o.....
.. W:
!a early IW3 at M!cheisco's revest.
cert.
.-M u'
J
.Derscie saut, he caculated the report J The presmi:Clocated 1: side the -
among h?foff;cals as = ell as mer::Se-ref4 Ireactsr's conta==w: butIdag is desig::?d e the acvuory ceram:: tee.JIe sa44 he tred_,tseent cipremrelevels mthsttereacter,,,
"to deveico questor.s on it" but "it was - ' ve**d wheredectrels located E?gh pe> -
' ~ '.'$.-
rure caust te c.shta. red to krep the water -
de deded."
~ ' *. ' ::om tmJ: g at ce L&h te=;'erah:res. i -
,U *",I
[f,(
t3
- stif-Ect ebes is tas report sa!d the cer..4-
- 7t's sc= cite g as old as t=as hi= sell'*J uratkn'of the pre:suruc 13 Eabcod & %W
' Ehrsa:e said of t' e gavenu=ent and indus ',, ces reactors a;:ows the pressurt:er ta be full try reaction. "As long as eve rjt':Ir.g appears and gne a hip readarq. wY.e the waterla ta te gmtg smoothly, let's not recx the the corcis dr:pping. ^
toat."
.* 7 y "Thus." cerciuded Ec :eba. "a f all.
8 There' was no irnmedate co==ent s pressuri:tr is pctconsidered a reEablein;:!-
fmra 2abcec.k & WTces; Frank bgrars.an ]catfoe for.' prescntdag ' certma operator 1 flRC apches=.an. said he was uaaware ttat act ens
- r:ch as stp:::::g ett cr emerge:cy the cercrnusion had the Echelson re; ort c>ot;ng pure;s.
t s
OPERATING EFICRS/JCSOMSC SAFETY N
3 y. %,
g
. -....256 073
...T.s NN9 NN W A gpg9 d WD g
UGELI.1CENCER JCURNA1. - May 16,19 79
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- C6Hishiiife"tEWWork ClotfEs F3nm&
U
+-
- ? ~ t.Q;
- u-M, r..aGw-u.:.:2.g+ilesslaiiE Trash Dump;*>1
- ., m, g..
_w.
AMidM e "d.& k. 'd =~Y-h-7.W M i.7 ;
L-: i
~ ' ; -r
- ^
- -A
- g {..'T=;quite, concerned 2DCut. it." '.wCTD ty Met Ed e.- ploye s wtcse work i
[N.3. ry TCM IN R ED r.L2_ /,*da'.Wgh.,e'i *,.' /G'S_ri.Tr *,;. 2:amdt said.J*IV res*.e.ue t> try to ex;med it em ta -hot : pots" 'n the nadrarq
- ~'
r Q,,
- ' '/
'"--,*: s*r:qp;t a:swer fro =3 Met Ed."._ -i,i;". ac./ :vc a., ;. 4 : < ;: /.1
@'d coc"-"ed wort c!:tt-s wee fs.te s bur-( ' '. Betwe sY.5Ad Splaski tks hcld:g Y L Met Eda'od the h~rtC6v pm" Soc the e :t;any and the NRC sad j pWe cab for c:sMiM,,
! ssllswe to questant[.......,..d'tebse[the -'[
.h
.1 W ied ic a trash d.:=p at Three MCe !siaod ca.
,_p,6 Q O we e,
7, 3., f'.andy be Nacieu Begdt ry Cc==a.. place where the hap were recovered ns.
ta South CarcL:a.
. ~
t.id e.,ssa said_ 3-uf.y p,,..g.,a7+ { ci" to the side and octin the area when the
. The area sten the bags wei for.,d5
.c;(
.The rar.J.ac:ve, =ater:.aT'was,dscev- - E:t oce ::ed. *be' bags were de= ped in wzs rope d off. Abrahara said. a: South oc'y ;,
h - cred is the s2=e t:a:h'du=p wtee Gwe fb e asciter part d that trasta dur:p." saad N RC - a $orned worse.s are per::utted un the,
g l
,g certpasses and iM Al.r Nator.al Ciaard tat-spchestrJa Karl Atratam,.
. a ca anyway.
....*C.,.-
g tied a sr: elder:rg f'ze for 4W hours last
. De m we have pued so k 11 app ce ba were is be d=p "
g
[ 4,; %sesdayy45t and early Thursiay =orn ~' &n't s%w edecce d tecers
>:st a coup'e e.ays." he noted..
tr.ga,:[., _ e.
_ g;
.-" Wedo:r'ttSna there's ar:y prchlem vn3 the They were located w:n rs6ationaan-o, fj-' 2:es the Three SCe Island cuc! ear. power?,MetrtTchs Edison Colwtich' ope-irernes (besng exposed to radiatics)." te sdve irs:rt:terits. It is possible radiados added..
s got it:to th s00, but not Lhel. Abral. ara f
F p'.1:t. cenCc:::ed the C=1 i
. At sha=cha:2: tera ed the ce=ta=i:a-saa d..
- - -:. 4 -
"a Y ^ ' 5 N sh'oc!d n8t'tave tm cert at all.-v. t.on as"very.very low level ~.
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I OP ERATING ERECRS/ICNORING SAFETT 256 075
e I
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n! THE C11TED STATES DISTRICT CCURT I
FOR THE l
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DISTRICT CF COLL'i3IA 1
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,t CITY CF W; CASTER, CITY CF W; CASTER AUT'iCRITY,
- 'OliLSEN, J R.,
and AL3ERT 3.
i Flaintiffs i
d vs.
CIVIL ACTICN NO.
L*NITED STATES ?rJCLEAR REOUI.ATORY CCMMISS!CN, 3
Cefendant 11 1
~
r 4
P!_\\INTIFF' S LNC.. iDLM CE P01his AND Al;;~40RITIES I '. SUT?CRT CF AP?LICATION FOR PRELUt! NARY !?,J.,NCTICN I
i i
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s 256 076
TA3LZ OF AUTHOR! TIES CITSD Cases Pace j*Calvert Cliffs Coordinatino Cornittee v.
Atomic Enercy Corrission, 409 F.2d 1109 (1971) 5, 12 Charlie's Girls. Inc.
v.
Bevlen, Inc., 483 F.2d 953 (2nd Cir. 1973) 4 Ouke Pcwer Co.
- v. Carolina Environrental Study _
Group, Inc., 98 S. Ct. 2620, 8 ELa 20545, 11 ERC 1753 (1978) 10 Elv v.
Velde, 451 F.2d 1130 (1971) 5 Environmental Oefense Fund v.
Hardin, 325 F.
Supp.
1401 (1971) 5 Environmental Defense Fund, Inc. v.
Corps of Engineer 7, 325 F.
Supp. 723 (1971) 5 Goose Hollows Fcothill League v.
Romne y, 334 F.
Supp. 877 (1971) 5 Hamilton Watch v.
Benrus Watch, 206 F.2d 738 (2nd Cir. 1953) 5 Izaak Walton League v.
Schlesinger, 3 ERC 1453 (1971) 5 Kalur v. Resor, 335 F.
Supp. 1 (1971) 5 Natural Resources v.
Morten, 458 F.2d 327 (D.C. Cir. 1972) 5 Semmes Morton, Inc.
v.
Ford, 429 F.2d*1197 5
(2nd Cir. 1970)
Train v. Colorado Public Interest Research
- Group, Inc., et al.,
426 U.S.
1, 48 L.Ed.2d 434, 96 S. Ct. 1938 (1976) 7
- Virginia Petroleum Jobbers Association v.
Federal Power Cc=1ssion, 104 U.S.
App.
D.C.
106, 259 F.2d 921 (1958) 4
- Washington Metropoliran Area Transit Commission v.
Holiday Tours, Inc., 559 F.2d 841 (D.C. Cir. 1977) 4 J
Cases principally relied uocn.
I.
m-I ar.
8
.- 256 0/.
i Statutes and Regulations Page 42 U.S.C. 5 2201(b) 7
'iational Envirencental Policy Act
=
of 1969, 42 U.S.C.
54321 5
Atomic Energy Act of 1946, as amended, 42 U.S.C.
5 5 8 41 ( f) 7 Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, 42 U.S.C.
55 841 ( f) 7, note 10 C.F.R.,
Part 20 7
10 C.F.R.,
Part 20.1 9
10 C.F.R.,
Part 20. l(c) 8 10 C.F.R.,
Part 20.10 6 ( a) 7 10 C.F.R.,
P art 20.106 (b) 8 10 C.F.R.,
Part 20.10 6 (d) 10 C.F.R.,
Part 20, Appendix 3, Table II 7
10 C.F.R.,
Part 20.302 8
10 C.F.R.,
Part 20.303 8
10 C.F.R.,
Part 20.502 9
10 C.F.R.,
Part 50.54(n) 9 10 C.F.R.,
Part 50.59 10 10 C.F.R.,
Parts 51.5, 51.40, 51.50 6
10 C.F.R.,
Part 51 6
'n Ne 25~6 078
C5:079 6
q E
'e fINTRCOUClGN: STATSEN* CF FACTS:
.y Cn May 21, 1979, Plaintif f filed this action and =cved this Caurt for a 1j Frelisi ary Injunction preventing def endant f rom approving any wastewater d, decontacination plats for the nuclear power plant located at "hree Mile Island, rauphin County, Pe nns ylvania, and further, preventing defendant from authorizing the discharge of radioactive wastewater into the Susqueh ana I
- River until defendant c mplies with the requirements of the National
) Environ =entalPolicyAct (:; EPA) and its own regulations.
k l
March 23, 1979, saw the start of the worst co==ercial, nuclear reactor i
accident in the history of the United States.
~?.e reactor in question is situated on an island in the Susquehanna River in Oauphin County, Pennsylvania, f (hereinaf ter referred to as mI) and is owned and operated by Metropolitan f Edison Company (Met Ed) and General Public Utilities Corporation (CPU). The reactor was and is subject to defendant's g construction and operation of the aN licensing authority and regulations.
n b
During the course of this accident, the fuel rods of the reactor core were exposed to air, which resulted in extensive damage to the fuel rod cladding and, perhaps, the uranium fuel pellets themselves. The accident was I
caused by a combination of mechanical failures and human errors. Due to the l
l seriousness of the accident and the potential danger to human life and the environment. President Carter ordered defendant to take operational _ con _ trol of I, and, subsequently, the reactor (No.2) was brought under control. Duri g the course of the accident large quantities of radioactive gases and wastewater escaped from the primary coolant system.
Some of the for=er were vented into I
the atmosphere and some of the latter were dumped into the Susquehanna River.
l i
The general public received no prior notice or warning of these actions.
A.lthough the i==ediate danger of a reactor core melt-down has now
. passed, there remain very real, and potentially more dangerous environmental 4
l'
- .roblems-how to safely decontaminate the hugh amounts of radioactive waste l
l l
m.:erial currently in the reactor buildings.
A.s an aftermath of the acci-l l
dent, there are 250,000 gallons of radioactive wastewater beirg stored in i
i tanks in the reactor auxiliary building. Defendant Ms characterized this t
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052079 i
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N waste as being of as *intar=ediata' level of radicactive conta=inaticn.
The reactor building itsplf has between 550,000 and 600,000 gallons of highly 4
1l radioactive water on its floor at a depth of up to eight feet.
The reac to r
{-l building also contains highly radioactive gases.
In addition to this este, 4
4j there are approxi=ately 100,000 gallons of highly radioactive weer in the reactor pri=ary cooling system.
Due to the extensive da= age during the acci-1
~ dent, radioactive water frem the pri=ary cooling system is leaking into the pool et watar on the reactor building floor at a rata of approxi=ately 1,000 q to 1,500 gallons a day.
!i i
In a public =eeting held F.ay 16, 1979, officials of defendant conceded i
fthat they were not certain of the level of radioactivity or the content of 4
]radioactivityisotopesinthewateronthe reactor building floor. :be to a the extremely high level of radioactivity in the building, it has beta sealed and is unsaf e for any hu=an to enter.
De f endan t has esti=ated it =ay be more than a year before the building can be entered. Purther= ore. =any of the d radiation :2onitors and other instruments in the building have been rende ed 4
d f inoperable due to radia tion and flooding. NRC of ficials have further ;on-ceded that if this radioactive vastewater were not properly decontar nated, i or 11 any of it reaches the Susquehanna River, there is a high pc.ential for serious environ = ental hars.
l l
During the second week of April, F.et Ed submitted to Oefendant a plan to I
d econtamiaa te the 150,000 gallons of radioactive wastewater currently stored a
in the auxiliary building. This plan involves the use of an ion exchanger (known as *EPICCR ll") and will result in discharging the treated wste into Susquehanna River. The plan requires the construction of extensive new l t he 4
lfacil'tiesat OtI.
Def endant approved this plan during the third week of April without preparing an environntntal i= pact state =ent, without soliciting t
l l
any outside review, without requiring Met Ed to comply with regulations govet sing modifications to the plant, ano, cost signifie.ntly, without con-1 i
sidering any other alternatives to discharging into the Susquehanna River.
Construction of the EPICOR II systes has begun and plaintif fs have been infor=ed that du= ping into the river will start within three or four w.eks.
1 I
I i
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256 080
.>)
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A l
At the public :eetics referred to above, officials of defendant stated p t ha t no plan had been sub=itted far the decontamination of the wastewater in
- I i the reactor building, but Mac Ed was supposedly working on one.
Rowever, NRC
]
't conceded that there never has been an accident like the one at TMI and
,. that decontamination, even Lf it could be accomplished, posed unique proble=s.
I Although these NRC of ficials attempted to assure the public that all alter-
) natives to a river discharge woald be evaluated, the President of CPU, who was 1
j also present, made it clear that he considered a river discharge the least 4
i costly alternative, and that N: Ed would sub=1: its plan based on that o
$ belief. Neither set of of ficials would agree that the general public, and particularly the plaintif f s, would be given advance notice of any river l
1 1
discha rge.
The municipal plaintif fs are the evners and operators of a public -ater.
I drinking system which serves a population in excess of 105,000, all of whom are, located in Lanaster County.
The individual plaintif f is a =unicipal of ficial i
and a user of this water system.
The Susquehanna River is a source,f water for I
j municipal plaintiffs' system and its raw water intakes are located approximately i
five (5) siles downstream from the discharge pipes of Of.I.
If any dangerous I
=aterials are discharged at TMI, there is a high probability that such caterial,s l
would enter plaintif f s' sater system, contaminate it, and possibly cause serious bodily injury to the individual plaintif f and municipal plaintif f s' l
i cus tomer s.
l 1
During the course of the accident at IMI, plaintif f s =ade repeated I
attempts to obtain accurate situation reports and prior notification of river I
I dischar:es from defendant. All these attempts were unsuccessful. To =ake mat-l ters worse, of ficials of def endant and Met Ed of ten issued contradictory, con-I fusing and sisleading reports shile at the same time attempting to assure the i
public that there was na danger fr:m the radioactive discharges that had already been cade.
Following the accident, there he ee been almost daily published reports describing errors in the operation of 0:I and the disregard of safety j
by defendant and Met Ed.
These factors, when coupled with the fact tha t i
ee defendant has proceeded secretly to select and approve decontamication plans, t
i e I
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=
a
.o
y l;
c..
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I have led to a high degree of public concern and anxiety over the potential l
l hazard to plaintiffs' drinking water supply.
k
- 'endant has not and does not intend to comply with the requirements of
(
l NEPA and its own regulations concerning construction permits and license I
amendments. De f e ndant has conceded that the radioactive we stewater can remain in the reactor and auxiliary buildings indefinitely without any harm, i
j but aas of f ered no explanation why it is violating these la ws. On these I
l facts, plaintiffs are entitled to the injunctive relief requested.
i RECUIRE'ENTS FOR A PRELIMINARY INUNCTION
]
n.e requirements for a preliminary injunction are well established.
l i
Virginia Petroleum Jobbers Association v. Federal Power Co--ission. 104
'J. S.
App.
J. C.
106, 259 F.2d 921 (1958); Washinctou Metropolitan Area Transit Cc==ission v. Holiday Tours. Inc., 559 F.2d 841 (D.C. Cir. 1977). These l
l cases lay out fou. factors to be considered:
1 F.t s the pe titioner =ade a strong showing tha t it is likely to l preva!. c. the merits?
2.
Has the petitioner shown that wi tho ut such relief it will I
suffer 'rreparable injury?
l 3.
Would the issuance of a preliminary injunction substantially har n c mer parties interested in the proceedings?
4.
Where lies the public interest
- 1.
Plaintiffs are likely to succeed on the merits.
l The holding in Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Co= sis s io n,
I suora, makes it clear that plaintiffs need only show a " substantial case on the merits" so long as "the other three factors strongly favor interim l
relief.
(suora at 843). Other decisions ha<e held that the test for a preli ' nary injunction involved a showing of either a combination of probable success and the possibility of irreparable har-g that serious questions are raised and the balance of hardship is in favor of the carty teeking relief.
l Cf. Charlie's Girls. Inc. v. Revlon, Ine_, 483 F.2d 953 (2nd Cir. 1973). If I
the hats that may occur to the plaf.atif f is suf ficiently serious, then it is
, l l
t.
e--.
4
)
e a
a 256 08f2 p
=
05:C79 B,
1
't the =erits or only necessary that plaintif f show a fair chance of :uccess on 1
a fait gror d fer litigation.
Se==es orton, Inc.
- v. Ford, 429 F.2d !!97 j (2nd Cir. 1970); Hamilton watch v. Senrus %' arch, 206 F.2d 738 (::d cir. 1953) 4 3
STPA t
The provisions of the :.ational Enviren= ental ?clicy Act (42 U.S.C.
)54321et seq.) tre triggered cenever there is =ajor federal action signifi-b Section 102(2)(C) of the.:.ct requir il cantly affecting the hu=an environ =ent.
un the envire==en-that all federr. agencies prepare a detailed state =ent involved.
of proposed action dere "=ajor federal actions" are tal i= pact
- v. Ato=ic Energy Ccc ission, l
In Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Cc==ittee
) 409 F. 2d 1109 (1971) the court noted the pervasive application of : EPA to f edecal agencies ^onsidericg "=ajor federal action significantly I
various 1
l af fecting the quality of the hu=an environment."
(~5e definition of a :: ajar i
l action has, of course, been the subject of extensive litigation, see e.g.
i i
Environ = ental Defense Fund v. ".ardin, 325 F. Supp. 1401 (1971), (a progras of s eradicating certain har=ful insects in the Southeastern United States); Ely a
l
- v. Velde, 451 F.2d 1130 (1971) (issuance of federal f ur^ to aid in the construction of a medical center for prisoners); Kalur v.
b ear, 335 T. Supp.
I 1 (1971) (pro =ulgation of regulations for the issuance of permits undec the Ref use Act, as wil as the issuance of t.
..e per nits); Envircn= ental Defense I
I Fu sd, Inc.
- v. Corps of T=gineers, 325 F. Supp. 728 (1971) (construction of a f
da=); Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Cc==1ttee v.
Atomic Energy Co=ission, 40' F.2d 1109 (1971) (approval of construction projects involving atomic crergy)-
and oose Hollows Foothill 1.eague v. Romnev, 334 T. Supp. 377 (1971)
(construction of an apartment building); !!atural Resources v.
- Morton, 453 F.2d 827 (D.C. Cir. 1972); and Izaak Valton t.eague v.
Schlesieger, 3 ERC 14 53 (1971) (approval of ther=al discharges under an AEC license)).
In Calvert Cliffs, sup-a, the court pointed out that an i= pact a tiac Man it is still possible to consider state =ent should be prepared at I
1 all alternatives and possible approaches to a particular project.
l ;
I 4
e 256_.0_81_,_
7
u 05:379 i
i i
M r
4 If the i= pact state =ent is to serve as an aid to the decision :uking process, ilI the state =ent must be prepared at a time. hen it is still feasible to consider the existing plans and other alternatives.
f Be thread running through the above cited cases is that the ccurts have given : EPA a very broad application and have found cajor federal actica 4
1 where there is a significant potential for harm to the enviror.=ent, i
n C has publicly stated that any plan for decontamination is 41 going to be reviewed, supervised and controlled by it and not by Me t Id, the licensee. Furthermore, tL-President of CPU has confir ed, as have orficials
!) of 2C, that no plan will be put into effect and no discharge of vastewater N
i l.<ill occur w-ithout the specific prior.pproval of :aC. Given the ad n tional f acts that nC currently has approximate' < eixcy (601 e=ployees at 5.I. has 4 been ordered by the President of the United States to assu=e full :catrol of a
the situation, and has the final authority to approve or disapprove a.y decon-tamiration plan, the only reasonable conclusion is that 2C participation in the i
decontamination plan is major federal action as conte = plated by NEPA.
"he radioactive wastewate' currently in the contain=ent building il threat of environ-g is achowledged to be highly langerous and poses a serious
= ental harm if not handled properly.
Sir.c e there has never been ar. accide at i
like the one at mI, decontamination poses un,igue problems and uncertainties.
u N
or is not deconrasinated properly, l li this highly radioactive water cannot or it through hu=an error or neglect it escrpes into the Suscuehanna River i
(whict. is an entirely real possibility given nC's and Met Ed's record of l
errors before. uring and af ter the accident), the potential fo r er.viror.sen-I tal hars or so=atic injury to individuals is enormous.
i 1
GC RECUI.ATICNS I
NRC's Part 51 regulations (10 C. F. R.
Pa r t 51), specify in great detail I
the licet. Ting and regulatory policy and procedures for environ.= ental protec-tion.
Sese regulations require the GC to prepare and circulate either an l
environmental impact s'.atement or a negative declaration ar.d environze ital l
ld i= pact appraisal under the circu= stances involved in the massive decon-l tamination and discharges contemplated at mI.
10 C.T.'. 5551.5, 51.40, h
- 51.50 et ut.
^b i g--
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_y.
I l,*
052079 l
l 4
1' J
l The NRC is lepily bound by its gcverning atatute and regulations to t
j eentrol the decontamination and disposal of -he NI nstewater, beause the i
1 l
] NRC has the duty and statutory authority to establish standards to protect f
I iFralth and sinimi:e dangers to life sad property.
he Atomic Energy Act of I
s 1946 provides under " General Outies of Cc=missia 'I that "In the pe r f o r=anc e k
I (b) establish by I
j of its functions the Q= mission is authorized to i
a g rule, regulation, or order, such standards and 1:structi:ns to govern the dy possession and use of special nuclear material, source ruterial, and by-product ::aterial as the Cc=sission =ay deem recessary [or] desirable to l
f I promote the ec= son de fense and security or to protect health or to**'e i
danger r., iife or procertv;" 42 U.S.C.
5 2201(b) (emphasis added).
l l
""he NRC cannot shift this duty to its licensee or to another govern-i l
I =ent agency, because the NRC has exclusive authority to re g ula te the dis c!a rg e into the nation's waterways of nuclear aste =aterials. Train v.
Coloralo Public interest Research Group, Inc., et al., 4 2 6 U. S. 1, 43 L. Ed.
! 2d 434, 96 S. Ct. 1938 (1976).
i The NRC has adopted regulations concerning protection against I radiation (10 C.F.R. 520), but these regulations do not address decot-l tamiitation problems, and certainly they do not address the difficulties and l
risks inherent in decontaminating outside reinforced buildings the huge l
l amount of highly radica.
' sastewater under the unique and hazardous cic-cu= stances existing at Taree Mile Island.
I The NRC is now exescising the discretion concerning radioactive dis-l charges usually exercised by the licensee unde r (20, 520.106(a) permits the dis I
i charge of radioactive material to the Susquehanna at any time, without NRC approval, and without advance notice to anyone, at concentrations below or d equal to those limits specified in 10 C.F.R. 20 Appendix 5",
Table II.
I Furthermore, c encentration limits apply only at the boundary of 3I's i
i i
restricted area (20 C.F.R.
520.106(d)). At medium and high river levels, i
part of the Susqueha ana River is within 31's restricted area.
Section i
I
[ 20.106(d) allows the licensee to deter: sine the ct necntration at the boundary I
i i
IAtccic Ecergy Commission, whose regulatory functions were transferred I
to the NRC by 5 201 of the E=ergy Reorganization Act of 1974, 42 U.S.C.A.
65841(f).
g i
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256 0,83
l 05:079 t
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- 1. of the restricted area by applying " appropriate" factors for dilution, i
I 4 dispersion and decay tetween the po int of discharge and the boundary. He i
regulatiens im po se no li=its on the licensee's de te rmina tion cf.h a t factors
{ are " appropriate." ';nder $ 20. lC6(b), if the NRC h.as approved or approves f
' higher limits than those in Table II, the licensee =ay discharge at those higher limits at any ti=e.rt thout advance notice to anyooe. Under 120.302, 4 i
J catch-all provision, the liceesee =ay discharge at any ti=e in any :.a.at -
l approved by the RC, without advance nutice co anyone.
"nder 120.303, the licensee =ay also discharge to its sanitary sewage sys tes undes certain con-Jitions, but u.ain without advance notice to anyone, and without NRC appro-val.
i I
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In this unique case, discharges pursuant to the Part 20 Table II I
i
]
l limits, or wnatever other lioits applied in the past to TMI, do not satisfy the controlling requirement of 10 C.F.R. 520.1(c) that exposures and releases !
I be *as low as is reasonably achievable:"
l "he term "as low as is reasonably achievable" means as 1
low as is reasonably achievable taking into account the i
state of technology, and the economics of improvements in relation to tenefits to the public health and safety, and other societal and socioeconc=le considerations, and in relation to the utilization of atomic energy in the public interest."
I 10 C.F.R. 120.l(c) (1978) (e=phasis added).
I 1
Feople in the TMI gegraphical area have already been subjected to j
uncontrolled releases and exposures, and psychological stress caused by 7.ree I Mile Island's accidest and continuing proble=s.
Tear and distrust of the operations at IMI are ra= pant in the area around MI.
Certainly these are
" societal and socioeconomic considerations." 10 C.F.R. 5 20. l(c) requires that
) they be weighted in determining what exposures and releases are "as }ow as is,
. reasonably achievable."
Discharge limits fixed before the accident and its 1
.l aftermath do not satisfy the "as lov as is reasonaoly achievable" standard.
The tiRC's regulations authorize it to impose deconta:aination and i
3 1
- discharge plans
I' i
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256--086n:
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'l:0.50 Additional require =ents.
e The Ca= mission =ay, by rule, regulation, l
or order, impose upon any licensee such require-j
,j ments, in addition to those established in the p
regulations in this part, as it deems appropriate or necessary to protect health or to minisize j -
dacger to life or property."
10 C. F. R. 120.502 (1973) 1 ig Given the uniquez.ess of the accident and its af termath, and the public's j
l g e nuine fear and concern, the MC should impose a plan Aich is much stricter l l
than whatever limits applied to Ott before the accident.
l t
The enforcement section of the NRC ? art 20 regulations specifically I
i authorizes the Court to prehibit the NRC f rc:a violating its reg ula tic as.
A viclation of 10 C.F.R. 20.1 will be prevented if th. Co urt orders the l
plaintiffs' requested relief, vnich will.ake the NRC follow established decision-saking procedures and take into account the unique societal and in this case.
6 l socioecono=ic consideration existin$
e i
!n addition to being required to follow the =andates of 2?A and its
'l own regulations for ;rotection against radiation the NRC is legally bound to l p order an application for a cocstruction permit for the plan alterations ben.c i
l made..
NRC's Part 50 regulations provide that:
"'"he ther stated the rein or not, the following shall be deemed conditions is every license used:
(n) ne licensee shall not, except as author-ized pursuant to a construction permit, =ake any alteration in the facility constituting a change from the technical specificatiens previously incorporated in a license or construction permit pur s ua n t to 550.36."
10 C.T.R. 50.54(n)(1978) l The NRC itself has characterized the changes Feing =ade to the plant as I
- ajor plant modifications." See the "NRC STATUS RIPCRT CN UGEE Mlli !SLAND, m
i 5/7/79" attached as Exhibit A.
i l
l~
Turthermore, the NRC is legally bound to require a license amend:ent.
I f
The changes being made in the facility and the new decentamination procedures '
l I
l' being developed involve unreviesed safety questions and change the technical i
specifications of the plant.
NRC's Part 50 regulations require prior NRC l
approval of a license amendment before such changes are made.
l
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~150. 53 Changes, tests and expert:ents.
.I (a)(1) The holder of a license authorizing j
y operation of a production or utilization f ac ility may (1) make changes in the facility as described in i
the safety analysis report, (ii) =ake changes in the l
procedures as described in the safety analysis report, and (iii) conduct te st s or expe risents not descrited
]y in the safety analysis report, without prior C : mission approval, unless the preposed change, test or experiment 9
i involves a change in the technical specifications
)
incorporated in the license or an screvie-ed saf ety j
question.
I k
(2) A proposed change, test, or ex pe ri=ent I
shall be deemed to involve an unrevir.ed saf ety question (1) if the probability of occurrence at the consequences of an accident or salf unction of equipment im po r tan t to p
sa f ety previously evaluated in the saf e ty analysis re po rt
=sy be increased; or (11) if a possibility for an accident or malfunction of a different type chan any evaluated j
previously in the safety analysis report may be created; or j
(iii) if the margin of safety as defined in the basis for any technical specification is reduced.
g (c) The holder of a license authorizing operation of a production or utilization f acility who yl desires (1) a change in technical specifications or lj (2) to =ake a change in the facility or the procedures described in the saf ety analysis report or to conduct tests or experiments not described in the saf ety analysis report, which involve an unreviewed safety question or a cha ng e in technical specific stions, shall submit an i
application for amendment of his license pursuant to i
150.90."
10 C.F.R. 150.$9 (1978) i Part 50's enforcement previsions specifically authorize an injunction i
to prohibit a violation of the above regulations.
l 2.
!rreparable harm to claintif f s.
f The plaintif f s have satisfied the requisites for irreparable harm and t'
standing because they have alleged distinct and palpable injuries and a tra-1 g ceable causal connection between those injuries and the decontamination and 0 discharge of IMl's wastewater, indicating a favorable exercise of this Court's i
powers to prevent the injuries. Ouke Power Co. v. Carolina Environmental Studf I
r Crouo, Inc., 98 S.Ct. 2620, 8 ELA 20545, 11 ERC 1753 (1978).
The municipal plaintif f s could sur fer enormous economic harm if the i
decontamination and discharging proceed without full procedural reviews. An i
i= proper, uncontrolled or accidental discharge of contaminated watevater into j
the Susquehanna River would cause the loss of f uture water customers as well as l
f discontinuance of usage by current customers. Morever, the municipal plaintiff s
! ~
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-- --256 088 m
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Il sould be required to decontaminate the water filtration systes before it c ould 4
I again beco=e operational, if an accidental discharge fros TMI were to occur.
Civen that defendant nC has conceded the high y tential for environ =en;.
tal harm of the radioactive wastewater currently in the reactor building and that it has never faced a decmtamination problem such as the one posed by ~MI, l
1[ it can't be seriously argued that plaintiffs will not suf f er irreparable harm.
to or ingestion of dangerous radioactiva wastewater would certainly Exposure i
have the potential to cause severe health problems to individuals using I
i plaintiffs' water system.
i Municipal plaintif f s have a duty under state and federal law to saiatain an adequate and safe drinking water supply for the public shich uses their l
i system.
If municipal plaintif f s do not take action to force defendant NRC to co= ply with N' epa and NRC regulations, then they may be found to be in breach of l
$ their statutorily i= posed duties. Accordingly, the actions of defendant NRC as set forth in the verified co= plaint and affidavits present a clear and direct ll hars to platatiffs which can only be resedied by the grant of the injunctive
$ relief requested.
3.
Potential harm to others.
- he harm to ';RC is insignificant in light of the fact that the con-1 l
I ta:ninated wastewater at M1 can safely re=ain contained within the shielded f
reactor and auxiliary buildings for the indefinite future. "ndcubtedly, delayj will cean additional expense to the utility in obtaining replacement s wer and having idle facilities, but economic factors cannot be allowed to control the decision. The circumstances of the accident itself and the events i=ne-
{.diately following are riddled with exa=ples of the result of hastily made l
decisions and apparent errors of judgment. Public welf are--the very quality i
of hu=an life istelf-requires that the public good be of paramount concern.
I Surely no one can contend that the NRC will suf fer au-loss, since as a j
l governmental agency its very reason for existence is to s'rve the public I
interest. Further= ore, defendant NRC has publicly stated that it will per-I i
form an environmental assessoent and review of altenatives, albeit without
\\
l any public participation or review. It is submitted that the preparation of f
n
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~ 2'56~ 089
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a proper Eavircraental !=pict Otate.ent would net cause han to 'iRC or to I
{ anyone else.
i 4.
Public Interest:
i If this Court de t e rsine s that ; EPA applies to aC's ac tions concerning the decontamination of til, the Court vill st=ultaneously decide that the public interest lies in granting plaintiffs' requested relief. NEPA itself akes cang i
i sideration of environmental factors an important national zandate snd interest i I
j (see Calvert Cliffs Ccordinating Cersittee v. Atemic Energy Coe=ission, 409 I
Furthe more, it is cle srly in the public interest to require the hF.2d1109).
defendant to co= ply with its own regulations.
Be public interest cacnot lie in f avor of :3C's current course of can-f selection and approval of decontamination plans without ade-g d uc t-th e secret l
quate public review of alternatives, saf ety and the minisi:ation of enviror.=en-I i
tal harm.
It mus t be remembered tha t the accident at Dt!.is uaique and that l
l' defendant tac is f aced with a decontamination problem for which there is no ade-I quate precedent. Under such circumstances, the broadest review of the decon-f I
tasination plans and a full airing of alternatives and saf ety issues are l
necessary to assure the protection of the environ =ent and the public health.
It sec=s clear that the public-those tesidents in the area directly I
affected by th.is nucicar accident, the national public and even the nuclear industry-will be served by injunctive relief. Caution dictates that there be involved in the clean up cperstions' broad review of all issues and technologies necessitated by the Three Mile Island accident. Any further proble=s at ~M I I
i will not only jeopardize the lives and health of the publi' but also cloud the i
country's energy future. Tae public must be fully involved and infor=ed so I
that it can be confident that reactor accidents are openly and properly analyzed f
and resolved.
I q
Donald E. imrever l
Christopher V. Mattson 1
James A. Humphreys, llI i
f counsel for plaintiffs BARLEY, ShTLE R, COCPER & BARBER City of lancaster, 115 East K.ing Street City of Lancaster Authority, lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 e
i and Albert B. Wohlsen, Jr.
(717) 199-5201 1
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Q..UjU
5 052079 I
l; Washington. :L, counsel for AAENT, FOX, K!NTER, PLC*K!N & K,UCI GJeral !ar 3212 dir.g plaintiffs City of 1ancaster, 1815 a Street, N.W.
l, City of Lancaster Authority, Washington, X 20006 j
j and Albert 3. Wohlsen, Jr.
(:C2) 357-60C0 I
"a l
j it By:
Arthur E. Wilmarth, Jr.
l Peed L. vca Maar l
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I CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on this 21st day of May,19 77, copies of plaintif f s' applicatica f or Frelininary Injunctica, supporting Me:cracdun of Points and Authcrities and Af fidavits (3) and preposed Crdes were cauaed to be served by hand delivery upen:
United States Nuclear Regulatory Cocai;sion 1717 H Street, N.W.
'.' ashing t on, D. D. 20006 The Moncrable Grif fin B. ?sil Attorney General of the United S tates United States Departnent of Justice 10th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D.C.
20530 Earl J. Silbert. Esquire Unit.d S tates At torney United States Court House Constitution Avenue and John Marshall Place
'Ja s hing t on, D.C.
20001 Arthur E. Wiln: cth, Jr.
Counsel f or Plaintif fs G
l ocz n c,,
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5/7/79 a
NRC STATUS REPORT Cal mREE MILE f5 LAND The NRC staf f has cuapiled the following s tatus report on operations at Three Mile Island.
~
1.
P esent Plant Status Reactor decay heat is being removed by natural circulation of the reactor coolant through the core and the "A" steam generator. The "A" steam generator is steaming to the main condenser. The "A" loop cold leg primary coolant tempe ra tu re is about 16CF and the hot leg is about 17CF.
Primary systen pressure is c00 psig.
The hot test incore thermocouple is about 31CF. One significant measurement has been made in the plant during the past several days and another is planned. A measurement was made of radioactivity inside the containment building.
It indicates that the present dose level from gases within the building is about 100 R/hr. Other sources of activity such as activity deposited on the cuatainn.ent walls and water on the reactor building floor also contribute to the dose level in contaircent but cannot be directly estimated at this time. A measurement of water level on the floor of.
the containment building will be made in the next few days to confirm calculations of water quantities that have been accumulating in the containment.
The measurenent will be made by a technique (a pressure measurement) which does not require removal of water f rom tha containment
'loor.
2.
Future Oeeratiens at Unit 2 Operation of the reactor with cooling by natural circulation will continue until processing of the contaminated primary coolant' water begins. This processing will involve periodically passing a portion of the primary coolant water through a processing facility to remove chemical and radioactive contaminants by methods such as evaporation and/or demine ra l i za t i on.
Temperatures in the core will continue to decrease in. proportion to the decay heat rate and primary coolant temperature.
Pressure in the reactor will be decraased to about 500 psig, with further reductions made as plant parameters permit.
Vhen primary coolant processing begins, cooling of the reactor will be accomplished by means of a decay heat renoval system, which will be coordinated with t.e processing plant.
Vhen the closed cooling system for the "S" s team generator is complete, this system will be placed in a standby status.
The "B" steam generator system is not required now for natural circulation cooling or to remove low levels of decay heat from the core.
(MO RE),
I Plaintiffs' Me=orandum of Points and Authorities EXRIBIT "A" 256-093
An additional pressure and volume control system also will be a
available for operation in the near future.
The system is scheduled for completion in late May. -
Previously planned nodifications to the "A" steam generator, similar to those bsing made to.tbe "3" steam genera tor, are not being implemented. Such modifications are not requi red f or the "A" steam generator to be used for the natural circulation cooling mode.
The low radioactivity levels in the "S" steam generator will allow use of the "3" generator for an indefinite period if re, quired.
3.
Maior Plane Modificatic,s (1) Auxil ia rv'Buildinc/ Fuel Handf ino Buildine Fil t ration Syereg, A system consisting of feur fans and four trains of high
~
ef ficiency particulate and charcoal filters treats exhaust air fran the stack.
This system provides additional filtration beyond the existing ventilation high ef ficiency particulate and charcoal filters systems, thus acting as a backup to those systems. Although the current iodine levels are below MDA offsite, this system provides a further significant reduction to the iodine releases. The first portion of the system went into operation on 5/1/79 and the remainder on 5/4/79 (2) liould Vaste Prncessino Faellities EPICOR I - EPICOR I is designed to process contaminated liquid wastes containing relatively Ims levels of radioactivity. This system uses an ion exchange process and is currently in service. To date, 90,000 gallons of liquid waste have been p.ocessed.
EPICOR 11 - EPICOR 11 is designed to process liquid wastes containing higher levels of radioactivity than EPICOR 1, utilizing the same ion exchange process. EPICOR 11 will process contaminated water which resulted from the accident when it becomes operational near the end of May.
These systems will provide a significant capability for purification of containinated water, assuring that the processing of current wastes can proceed expeditiously.
(3) Storace Vessels in Fu-1 Pool "A" Additional tank storage, consisting o_f fiwa
- --ks wi.th [
~
combined capacity of 110,000 gallons, is being installed in spent fuel t,
pool, "A".
The_ta,nks will provide temporary water storage space for
'i highly contaminated liquid waste.
This temporary storage Is significant because It allows additional safe storage of this waste for decay and processing. Compl e t i o n is scheduled for mid-May.
(MO RE)
Plaintif fs' Memorandum of Points and Authorities EXHIBIT "A" ei*.
W6
. (4) Lono Term Coolino System for Steam Generator "3" This system consists of a pump, heat exchanger, surge tank and demineralizers, it will tie in t o exi s t ing "B", feed and s team lines to all&4 solid circulation cooling through the "B" steam generator. ihe system can operate at a high pressure to reduce the prebability of primary to secondary leakage. This modi fication is significant in thit it will provide a backup to the present mode of heat removal, as well as assurance that the primary systericcolant will be confined. Completion is scheduled for mid-May.
(3) Pras sure/. _ lume Control Svstem Three nitrogen-pressurized surge tanks, charging water storage tanks and two charging pumps will provic's a nearly passive means of controlling RCS pressure and will replace any volume lost because of leakage. Completion is scheduled for the latter n:r of May.
(6) Uoorade of Existino Decav Heat Renoval Svstet Additional shielding of the OHR s: stem will allow access to the auxiliary building If the CHR system must be used.
Modifications have beca made to make the existing equipment more leak-tight and maintenance free and to provide remote monitoring of system equipment during operation.
(7) Af ternate Decay Heat Ra-eval Svstem An alternate to the existing OHR system is being constructed, consisting of a skid-mounted pump and heat exchanger. This system can be installed and used in preference to the existing CHR system if the existing system fails to perform satisfactorily or to void contamination and high radiation levels in the Auxiliary Building. Completion of components of this system and its control trailer, which will be kept in a standby g.
basis but not connected, is scheduled for 5/18/79 (8) Olesel Generator P~we r Sopol v for Rafance-of Plant loads l
Two 2.5 MV diesel generators have been installed to furnish l
emergency power to critical systems in the event of a loss of all off,-
l site electrical power. Systems included are those needed for long term coo? ing and the exhaust filtration systems.
This eme ;ency power system Is scheduled to be operational on 5/10/79 9
(MORE) i i
- ntiffs',.: orandum of Points and Authorities EXHIBIT "A"
4 Environ--atal Information The release of radioactive material into the atmosphere frem Unit 2 at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant has decreased. NRC thermoluminescent dosimeters at 47 of frite locations have shown natural background levels of radiation.for the past several weeks.
Continued plume radiation surveys, on the ground by NRC teams and in the air by helicopter, show that levels have decreased frca highs of a few tenths of a millf rem per hour in early April to essentially background levels (0.02 millirems per hour) now.
Recent air samples by NRC and by EPA have typically shown a range of less than :ainimum detectable activity to highs of a few tenths of a picocurie per cubic meter for iodine-131. This is consistenttwith the installation of fresh charcoal filters and the addition of a second, i
~
redundant filter system at the plant.
In mid-April, 30-minute air samples taken In downwind directions f rom the p,lant by NRC ground survey I.
teams indicated a maximum concentration of iodine-131 of 200 picocuries per cubic meter.
Average daily concentrations have been less than 10 picocuries per cubic meter.
NRC, State of Pennsylvania, EPA and Metropolitan Edison analyses of cows' milk samples have generally indicated less than minimum detectable activity of Iodine-l?l.
Coat milk sampt es o n Apre 29 and May 5 f rom a nearby f arm indicated 20 to 30 picocur es per liter. The FDA action level for milk is 12,000 picocuries per t iter.
Occasional routine liquid releases from M.e Unir 1 radioactive waste treatment system are being made to the river. A!! such releases are monitored and have been less than regulator.x I L1i ts gerqi_t.,
.... NRC estimates of the amount of radiation exposure to the population f rom March 28 until April 7 is as follows:
-- Maximum dose to an individual standing outside near the north gate for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> a day, seven days a week has been T6 millirems;
-- Average dose to an individual within a radius bf 50 miles -
In any direction has been 1.6 millirem;
-- Collective dose to entire population with a radius of 50 miles in any direction has been estimated to be 3300 person rems.
e
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(P.0RE) 256 096 I.
Plaintiffs' Meerr:-f;: c' Poi.-re
. '::i-1;.
r:,; GIT "4"
+
r The amount of radiation to which an individual living in the Harrisburg area is exposed ea-h year from natural background is about 120 nil 1irerns.
The natural background collective dose to which thu entire pop tion within a 50-cille radius of the plant is exposed each year is 200,000 person-rems.
Future operations at the facility will repaire movement and processing of highly contaminated water.
Release of radinactivity i
J to the environment in excess of routine operating levels is not anticipated during t'iese operations.
Unplanned re' eases of short duration ire possible. However, even for. those, it is not expected that releases would exceed allowable limits.
e =
i 256 097 t
51alntiffs' Memorandum cf "- 5 :s nd
- EXHIBIT '.*
- -