ML19221B202

Reg Guide 8.8 Revision 3, Info Relevant to Ensuring That Occupational Radiation Exposures at Nuclear Power Stations Will Be Alara

ML19221B202
Person / Time
Issue date:	06/30/1978
From:	NRC OFFICE OF STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
To:
References
REGGD-08.008, REGGD-8.008, NUDOCS 7907200035
Download: ML19221B202 (21)

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U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMIS ON June 1978

@ M,9A) OFFICE OF STANDARDS DEV REGJLATORY GUIDE 8.8 INFORMATION RELEVANT TO ENSURING THAT OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURES AT NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS WILL BE AS LOW AS IS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE A. INTRODUCTION high dme rates.- An ad hoc comnnn < of the Na-tional Countil on Radution Protecnon and Meas-Paragraph Zu.Uc) of la Cl R Part Zu.

SunJard' umme dCRP)IRef li h m Pe m m& the f or Protection Ap.nnst RaJiation.

states, that th en-tautious assumptions that a propi rumal relationship sees sht$u!tt nlJke Cs Cr) rCaMin th!c CfIntri tti nlJintJin

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exposures to rashation as far belou the limits spet i-h M d y nd s m d m m-I mm@.

tied m Part 2n as is reasonahly athies able l hi' this amounts to assumptions of a nonthreshold, go:de prosides mtonnation reles am to attatning goals

. linear ( str.oght line) dme-ef fet t relationship.

and t'b A tis es 1(if planning, dCst.'ning, t einstrut ting.

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! operanng. and decomnussionmg a light-w ater reastor The Internationa' Comnussion on Rathological il A\\ R' nut icar pow er station to mee t the critenon Prot e. n o n ICR P). the l ederal Radution Council that c'p,nures el station peru nnel' to radunon dur-( 1-R C ) w hme f unctions now reside in the Ensiron-Mig h tutine opCration of the station will be

'as low as metH.d Protecnon AgenC) (bPA ). and comnunces of is reasonably ashies able

( A l A R -\\ 1 T his guide is the National Academy ol Sciences National Research also responsis e to the admonition of the I ederal Councd (N AS NRCi hase med this hy pothesh to es-RaJunon Counsil (now i PA) that mupational raji timate comers atis ely the number of powible biologi-l anon exposures be m.untuncd Al AR \\. Maior au s-cal ettects that statisthally may be associated with dent sinutions and emergency prot edures are not exposures to radution w

s.!!hin the s aspe (st this cuide.

T he N AS NRC lholorical 5ttetts of lonizine Mu h of the intornunon presented m this guide Radiation t ill:lR) Comminee t Ref. 2) reiterated that also is appla abie to nut lear pow er stations other than the assumptions of a nonthresholJ hnear relationslup thihe t(kded with light w atei. 'T he applit able goals betw een dine and bi<di> git al elfes t s independent

<>f and ob;et tne s should be used f or all nusicar pon er the dow rate shi,uld be applied f or r adunon protec-stanons unul more speahe goals and obietin es are tion purposes l his retommendation has been as adable f or other I,. pes of pow er reas tors adooted by EPA (41 l R 2x4n91 f or the puipow of estnnating the potential human health impas t of lou !

les els of ionizing radiation The radution protec non l B. DISCUSSION

,,d n m redme dmes w heres er and w henes er rea-the relationship betw een radiation dos and son Aly s hie s able thereby reducmg the rnk that n bmiopical et tett s n reawnably well known onls for anumed flor radution pD'tecnon purpose s) to bs dme s that are high comparcJ w nh current annual prepornonal to the dm 4

dose limits and only w hen sus h doses are delisered at in 1973. the ICRP (Ret. 3) stated.

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sible dmes are such as to msolse a rnk w hit h is dmes among br ud ich categories and aawng the small compared to the other b,'ards of lif e, equipment sy stems or components that represent sub-nes t rtheless. in siew of the uwmplete esidence stantial murces of egosures I)oses to station per-on which the ulues are based. wupled with the mnnel are influenecd by m ai.y sar u bles, imludmg knowledge that certain radution ettects are irresei-the ability of f uel elements to retain insion produtis, sible and t umulatn e, it is strongly rewnunended the estent of deposition of actis ated corrmmn pr.d-that escry ettort be nude reduce exposure to all ut ts throughout the primary aad auxilury wolant sy s-() pes of lofil/ing I.hliJtion a the lowtst possible tems the relubihty of other specific equipment, the les el station layout, md radution pmtet t;on programs.

Merely wntrolhng the maxnnum dm to indnidu-If design resiew s or inspet tions had rescaled that als is not sutlicient. the tollet tise dose to the group radiatun exposures at nut lear pow er stations w ere (measured m nun-rt ms) also must be kept as low as un.noidable or that the cost of reducing toe exposures a reasmubly at hies abic

'Reamnably achies able would be unreasonable, the expmures might be ton-judged by considering the state of technology and sidered A!. ARA by detmnion. Ihmeser, this has not is the econon cs of imprm e me at s in relation to all alw ay s been the case. and this guide is intended to the benefits f rom these mTrmements il' owes er. a assist in achiesing a staru. wherein esposures are wmprehensn e consideration if risks and benefits considered to be Al AR A.

will include nsks f rom nonradiohipical hazards. An A nupir pi'rtion ed the rJdialhol exposure of sta-action taken to rcJute radiation rnks should not re-tilin perm'nne! Is ret Clsed during maintenanse. rad-sult in a significantly larger risk f rom other h. iardt) waste handhng, insers ke inspet hon, rctueling, and Undcr the knear nonthreshold toncept. rew.mg nonroutine oper atioin (Ref. (a 'l he dewmmissioning the doses to indniJuals at a fraction of the applit Ale process aim has a potenna' for substantul exposures lunit would be inanproprute if sut h.u tion w ould ie-to personnel Lifettise design of fatilitics and selec-suit in the e spmure of nmre persons to radution and tion of equipment for sy stcus that contam, wilect, would ncrease the total man-rem dme 'Ibe radution store, prot ess, er transpmt radmactise nuterial m protection' community has recogni/ed f or many any f orm w ill wntribute to the ef fort to n u n.t a m years that it is prudent to asoid unnecewary exposure radiation doses to statun personnel Al AR A to radution and to nuintam doses AI.AR A. In addo Prod uc t s et crosicn or wrrosmn (i c.

s tud.2) non to redus ed biolopcal rnks the htnefits of such that become mobile and are.u tis ated constitute an prA th es nuy int!ude amidant e of. cost s for extra important (perhaps piircipal) sourc e of radiation with pe.sonnel to perf rm nuintenance actisine s and respec t to the esposure of station permnnel M.rud is as oid ant e of. nonprodut tis e station shutdow n time act umulated in and transported by the coolant Seme taused by restrhtions on station permnnel workinc in com pone nt s c' the crud betome radioas tis e when radution areas passing through the reactor core Migratmn of. crud to Annual t ollecin e radunan Jose equis alents re-other sy stems otturs with coolant or veam specific ces co by personnel working at an LWR nucle ir radionuclities that base been identified in t rud and po w e r tation h.ne ranged f rom less thar IM) man-that can contribute substantially to the radiation rems to mer 5.000 nun.re ns iReft 4 and 5) Typi.

source are Co-5M. Co-60. Mn-54. Zn-65. and Zr 95. )

cally. annual mllet tise dose tquiulents range f rom Dposures et statmn permnnel who sersict equip-400 to 1.000 m. m re m s at LW.R stations that hase n:ent contam.aated by crud tan generally be reduted been in operatii, f r o m., t o 14 years and hase substantially by nunimizine the tornunon of crud and generatiGg capacitiCs ranping Irlim less than 1(if) bs desigmne or medits m : equipment to mininu/z le M W.; to hoo Mu.c. In siew of the anneipated pro" th cations u here. rud t an deposit and act umulate Pro-of nutlear power stanons mer the next few decades s ision s fer imlating components ant flushing with and the radiatii n esp hure experience tii date addi-i crud-remosing f.luid sthh as denHaerali/cd w ater c ui tioral ettorts to reduce radiation do sc s to nuclear of ten redut e ac cumulations prior to a -tis ines sut h as power statmn personnel _re s arranted nlJintCnaikC tir CquipmCnt rCplJcCniCilt Ihe wide range ia tollectise raJiation doses to sta-Stanon and equipment layout a,m can af fect the tion perumnel among the s arious stations appear s to pittt ntial [t tr radiatis m e s pinuTos. l^spthurCs at sitCs be orunarily a tuntrion of doses receised in nainte-where multiple radiatiim vuirtes esist sonictimes can Dance t $perJtisins in radiation ' area 5. bomC data are be reduced by additmn.J separation of indisidual audable to permit estinutes of the distribution of sou rc e s Adequate space for case of maintenante and oh operasns can pernm A tA to be oinMM

' I nc u rm raJunon rracs %n.

e usca in ihn ruiJe o.<on.

uJerc J 1o he sy rony m as with ine term 'apptwJ bc alth HM >re quit kly. therchy redus ing the 'eneth <>r espii-s,i-, rhc do ch.pment ard urph mt nianon o' rwt ho h

[hss arJ pr.scJurc ru t vry to e s a ba' ra f unon hazard arJ o s 'ru J i. t "r ro wn a' d r m, 1n twdm is anJ or ht i w hJ s that

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pr,aiJc p ri.' s i n in I., man and his c ra iron m e rir Irom un w ar are h.r n c J b:. t hers.J a r J p h y m al re as t a.n be t a cc n o ne rc as raricJ c m ure f or t n J ant and s'rm rural maaoah 155 315

sures Sh!cldMg by stf uCtural mateIiJls, equip!nent, ing at the iudgment. but it should not be the decistse and auxiliary or permanent shields tan redute expo-fastor in all caset mens sur by isolatmg radiation sourc es. W here equip-

.} h J nuclear steam suppl) s) ste m ( NSSS.) sendor, t ( t 'm pi i ne n t s constitute a substanilal radi.ition stiurce that cannot be ettectisely reduced in place, ik &Wgr, tk mhiwt-gimr ( A 1:), ik am-struc ti'r, and the itperator lif the nuclear pi>wer f acil-f eatures that permit the reinotal et suth oimponents it5T inJintenant e at remote hhations t'lten cJn be et-

" J ith hase responsibilities related to the elb'rt of i!V let tn e in reducing expmures l he use of remote-in a i n ! a i n i n "P ticcupationJI rJdiatittn e x posu rC s AI.AR A thus, coordination and cooperation are es-homJhng f eatures aim can reduce exposures of station sential to achiesinc these goals and objet tis es of.

permnnel in tertain instances.

occupational radiation e x pos ure s maintaining Station tes hnical and supers isory personnel, work-Al. AR A.

mg closely w ith radiation protec tion personnel, can Ibis guide is w ritten priinarily for the applicant or redus e expmures by planning as tnitics of penonnel licensee. Howeser. the designer, the A li and the w ho must enter raJiation areas, by s'udying the a' cons:ructor will find mans of the cuide's tonsid-tmns and procedures of indniduals working in such crations helpful in the design and ubtruction proc-areas, and by conJocting postoperation debriefinF' ess to ensure that their ettorts are tonsntent with the on progests resultmg in substantial expmures to ide' needs of the applicant or hcensee to maintain radia-tify how procedures might be modified to reduce ex-tian expmurt s Al.A R A.

po s u re s on subsequent similar tasks. Training pro-pams f or all station personnel can establish :ind rein-Specific design or operational ohret tis es for main-f orte the principles of radiation protection as apphed taming radiation exposures AI.AR A are suggested by to snecific ioh t unctions. By making personnel aware the parameters that determine the maenituJe of doses of the methaJs and the special equipment and protec-to station personnel, both as indniduals and as a In c equipnlebt as ailable to them, potential radiation group. Dmes to personnel in nuclear power stations de)ses can be reducCd.

ITe prCdoniinantI} tiom extern.il expthure, i e.

lIom radiatitin sources e xternal to the bods. IIow es er, lhe tonstpt of maintaining occupational radiatun then aim exists a potential for do >s f rom internal e x p, Wu re s AI. A R A dises not embody a ' pe Jf tic t'um-g

,g gg g gy gg gg jgg cric.i guideline s alue at the present time. R ither, it is t w be-l a philosophy that retb-ts specific OS ectises for radi-i ation Jose management in:

Important parameters in determining do es from esteinal exposures are t I) the length of time that the I. lNablish.ine a program to inaint.iin occupati<inal receptor remains in the radiat.on tield and 12) the in-radiation expmures Al.AR A; tensits of the radiation tie'd. Some degree of expo-

.. l)esienine Iacilities and selec. tine equipmen.G su re of. station personnel cannot be asoided during i stab'lishmg a radiation control ' program. plans, the operation and maintenante et. nuclear power sta-and procedures; and tions. Iloweser, there are man; w as s bs w hich the

4. N1aking supportine eqtipment, instrumentation.

and facilnies as adable.'

mposures and re sultant doses can be lowered by re-duemg the time interul of the exposure and the in-When an adequate data base, mcluding economic tensity of the radiation field. 'lhe intensity of the mtormation, is as ail #le, the trneria for keeping an-radiation tield n determined by 11) the quantity of nual collectn e doses to statioa personnel Al.AR A radioactise material. (2) the natme ti c.. tharacteris-nu.'ht be deris ;d selecteu in numerical terms.

tics) tif the emitted radiatliin, I li the nature <if the

}Itiw es er. a data base of operating experience and shielding betucen the radDt <m source and the re-distances and tost mfe;mation to prmid C * "ise guidance for cepti r, and (4 ) geometry i t

esth'hning such t oteria is not as ailable at this time, dimen,ans t and the criteria for meeting the proviuon of para-Parameters important in determin ng dmes t rom eraph 2R ite) of 10 Cl R Part 20 must theref ore take ob ee.

intern d exposures are ili the qu ntity of radioacti" the f orm of qualitaine cuidance (e c.

goals, l

to e, and statements of good practice).

nmterial taken into the body, (2) the nature tisoto,o-cal and body deposinon charattenstics) of the material,

'I h e NRC statf has net perf ormed a cost-beuctit and (3) the tune interval oser which the matt nal anak sn for enh of the considerations discussed or is retained bs the body. 'Ihe principal modes my preseM in Set tion C of this guide. This cuide pre which radioactne material can be taken into the bocy sent s goals and objectis es that o ere elected to are i 1) inhalation (2) ingestion, i b skin abwrption.

sat i s fy the principles. philosophy, and criteriu f or and (4) inntion through ununds At nuclear power maintainint occupational radiation e xposures stations, radioactne materials are generally confined.

AlARA. Attaining tha goa;s and objectises w ill but mme dispersion within the station is unasoidable equire good engmeermg judgn.ent on a case-by me and co niitutes the sourte of I i i contaminated ;nr and N sis. Asmt.benetit analy sis may be helpful m arris-liquids that pre ent the potential for intake by inhala-155 316 h 8-3

tion and abuuphon a m! i 2 > t imt.nm natal su r t.h es

\\ttainio; the f ollow ing chict tn es to Ilh extent that pre sent the potent ul f or aitak e b) mgeshon am!

p1.h tit able tiu oughout t he planmng designi.,g t on-thri' ugh t uf s l'r ahf d sio!1s in (bC skin Abwrptlon strut ting t'p rating. m.H ntC nant C.

Jnd dt t ommis-snt r.dI) is not Jn impof tant mIake mode.it nut lear shimng et an 1.W R station w iH be s ensidered to pro-po m t stanons c u cpt t o. m hum. w his h tan be ab-s ule re.nonable aourante ttui exposures of stahon s..r b.d through the skin personnel to radution u dl be Al AR A I hc methods

.nc dchber.itel) stated sus h !!ut umsiderable flexibil-('onsequs rtl). the basa s ariables. t h.n ca n be t on-n) t an be used m the nunner by whis h the ob et tacs i

triillt d hi linalt dt nc s t re Hn inte rnJI c\\ piisures.i r C c an be as hies ed. !)it terens es ami ng st.iti,ris iniglit i

t he'sc t hJt !!nll; l l ) the Jilltiollt t't t iMliainillatilin.12 )

necessitate f urther inniis ati<in in inerinals uscJ ti i lhe dispCIsal ill t he ti'Id anlinJlli'n. Jlhi i li the length as hles e flic itblCo lis es ist tune that peru'nnel must speral in contanunated Protet tn e equipment can kcep the intake of

1. I'rogram for Maintaining Station l'ersonnel ce the timrammant to a mirumum Ph) sh.d.nl t he mi-Radiation Doses Al \\RA t al incthods t an be used to hasten the chmination of lo attam the integrated etfort needed to keep exp+

r.nh oat t n e matcr ol taken into the body. how es cr.

of station perwnnel Al AH A. cath appihant sures because oritic ms.nsot uted w oh the use of t!ce

.md lu ensee should des elop an Al..\\R A program that n.c t h od s. they are rescrsed f or sery serious t a sc s ictiet ts the ef fort, to be taken by the utiht). nuclear wherc the probabibn of c\\penensing biological et-Atcam suppl) sy stem s endini, and art }litett gnpinccr tests is quac substan%l. c y laree mtakes suth as to mamtain radunon exposure \\l.TR A in all ph nes th.uc that nucht ot t ar m sermos au ntent suuations t't a slathin s lif e I his piiiprant shou!J be in w ritten

( )h jet t is e s st.ited in this guide tot m.untaining oct u.

torm.mJ should contain sections that uner the petp panon.il r.nlution e\\jusures TI.AR A.ne dern eJ b) erall) apphable guidante presented in this guide. as rnsn!ctmg the paramete rs that af fet t Jose, the s.iri a minunum. and rnore specific guidarn e as ict mred i

ah!L s that c \\lst in the statl('n design tCaturCs, arh! thC l dib !IC" Ibi paIIh u!af !-

N IbaI is IbC 'llb jct I i'I be prisided b) statliin JdIntnist rJ-thC Ih CnNing *h Iliin t his prp r.lin nla) be 04nbined s.t f l thles that t all t

Piwitli n. stJte s a ltIl the statli'n \\ radlJt h'n prt'ICct h'n fnanu ll. sa!ct) tis c as tit'n s Sestli n ('

Rcgulah'r) i i

ih s s !is e s in aInanncT t hat cih t'urJges Innessaritin b) ana!)sls IJ pi'rl. I'r i d hC r di't ulllC mis i'r subrMtaIs It i

i n thc pJr! t'l the OcCsl th't be an illdepCndent titi(ument pc t.111 t t i n ; s t'nsidcrJble fle\\lbillt) u!Illts. Ih NS55 s cnd w. the designer. the tiinstrth -

a.. In.tablishment of a i,rograrn.I.o Ma. ta.in Oc-in tor..mJ t h.

\\l liowes er the re g ula:or) po u t io n u

tupational Rad. tion I)oses AI. AR A larp number of spes it h tonseins also dcu nbcs a ihal shi+ul I bx.uldtcwed m mecimg the mds andi,b-i i n A management polh > f or. a nd i.om nn t ment s lts c s li). Cilsuring that the c\\pinare ist statiiin p. ruinrici ni radution win be Al. Alu should be estabhshed C. REGULATORY POSITION U

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tict ted in w riticM Jdniinistratis e prisedures and in-Ihc gi$alw sit ths et ti'rt tit II!J i n ' !n as s upathinji stithtnyis tiir esper atliq1s Illsilsing pittenflol c\\pi i

i r idla titin e s pi n u rC s Al \\N \\ arc llI li' nlJint.iln liiC sures it[ pCIvini!CI tii rJdlatit tn al1J shi uld be re-4 annit il.bise lin InJis.Jual stat n'n peru'nnel as li > w as fla ted stariiin design ti.iture s instrthtnins hi de r,

rewnably as hies able and < 2 i to kccp tin annual ugners. const rus toi s scndors, and station perwnnel is intcprJlcd t<illlet. tis C ) di WC h$ staIl 'n pCr u'nnc! (I e spct it)in g I'r res le w ing st at h'i. IcaturCs, s)VCrus, iir ths su!n ait annual dihCs (C \\pTJ "Cd ln inan'rCnis l Cquhpn1Cnt shi u!J reticct the gi als and e'hiet tis es hi i

to all slahon personnell as !o w as is re a son a b } }

m.nntam ou upahonal radiahon CX posurCs A I S N '\\

as hic'abic (I ew unlities design or build their nucicar power sta-il designCrs and bulldcrs, Ili >n s but as a li s h itu t f4 l

t hs N R(. stall behes t s that the stMcd obiet tn es utihties should espet t the designers and bmhlers to arc Jttaltable w ith s urrent tet hniili>g) and with pin'd he tc spi >n sis e (< > their needs and in trut tiims )

i'perating pIJs tlt es the tints li>r attaining the se i'b-let ris e s hast 'n't bce!I es!ablishcd and are e xpct icd ti) l), ()fgalli/ation, l'Orso!Mrl, and RospollsthiliflCs t ar) w Idcl) dependinp ibn the tcatures <>f the specific tI) Ill \\ Icw t it the i ecd It'r uppCr-les cl il!.inJgC-pow cr reat tor lachity and the method selec ted to av nwnt support respon@iht) and authority for in:p!c.

t emphsh the ob et tis es l he t.n orahlt < os t -bene t.t i

nNntine lhe pri'erdin til nlaintain i5ccupathWJI radi.1-ratio f or as hics in e mme s.

,he st ob ectis es m.n be t

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t hin e \\ pt hiltes A' l. A N A shiluld be aulg ned h t i

an in-(!ctJiled stud) l itr idher i>bp t -

(ibs li'lls u lthi1ut J thsidual f or conanincel with orcanizational treeJom in es. how eser. a t ost benctit study nupht he re hi enstire des elt$pment and in'plementainm R e s pt in -

qulrt d h5 determine w hether the i:b et tis es are rea-i mesan authonnes douM na We sonabh athicsable Dose s to station personnel t an atlet t sianon.n.olabilu). and t!ns las tor shoul ! he u p i nsunng that a torporate program that in-LiWsIJerci! in. ucuing the tint benefit rala).

tegrates managenlent ph ili ni > ph s ath! regiilatia) re-t

ij a ir c n ie n t s is e stahlnhed. w ith spct ills _iuls andsih i 1) 1 Radiation Priita lbm M inacer qR P\\ll lJt tis e s tiir in.ple:Hentat:on included.

c on si!J ) has a safet) t urh tli'n and re sp. +n sibillly te ss s!cn) hi'th Cnlphi) cs athl nlJnapen1Jnt th.It.10 he ht st f ul-s t hi i nsurme th it an clici in c rncasurenient tillcd 11 thJ indis tduJl is InJcpcih!c nt iit stat oir. dis i-is e stahIishJd ath! used tii deternitih the de sions. sus h as opera!, w n:alnte n ins c. in tet hnis if h'Csid h) st Jili n tipC r at li'O s w it h cr C e 111 s'k s e n

.l s i

s u pport. w how prime respimsibiln) is si'ntinuu) or rc J.trd tai ihe pitig rani ca tals Jfh} specific Jhjectis e s imprin cinc nt til stat nin operahtlity. I h c r.41, M d u iu h!

(t i l nsuring th it the Inc.isurement s) Mein re.

bas e dires t resurse tii respim sible inan.ipement per.

orics NOnnC! In 'IdJI It ' Ic ! k s (inC NIldn N IC!JICd Id IbC suhs arc res ic a cd on J pClhidic basis Jnd that s ti,s ai tions are taken w hen dtainment of the spes it h t ondus t of ths radlanon pnitection program iihjet tis e s appears to he jeopar di/ed, t l'h J spJt t!!c respi n sibilities gis en here tiir i

ed) i.n. urin e t hat the autheirits for priisidine the Rl,M are dlustrath e and not intended to be all-pr.h cdures and pras tis cs h) w hic h the spctitis p id! s lth nc w1;q tc\\pc( g gg ggt Ag Ag A pru rJgl (,r cg, ig th ct fis e s w ill he is. hles ed Is dclepJtJd and and4 i

tort lhey do ni't ins LgJ a n) i,1 the Icsp.,n s thdifie s (e) 1. n s u r i n e that the reuiurs es needed to iri areas other than Al.TR \\ ctriots j as hics c pials and ob et tn es to n: unta. ihtupathin.d l

radiath m e x[w nur s Al. A R \\.u c Inade.n allable Respi4bibilitics of the R PM w ith respec t to a pii grJni tst nl.iintain sict upJt h ni.i! r adlJtle'n c \\lh hurc s i

in slew i>f the r e spimsibilitie s requited to im CR A hum m&&

plcment a priigram hi mJintain ot tupational radiathm c s pi nu t e s AI TR A. the inJn idual liir omun:tteci ta) Iiarticipating i n design res iew s for scla ted Ibr t his tuns tion nught also be tim en' to f acillnes Jnd equipnNnt that can attect piden!1Jl radi-toitu,inate the et tor t a mong t he ses cral t orpor.ite ation e spawures luns tlim.ll preiups isuth as the iiperato ms, niainte DJrh e. tec hnis al suppiirt. engineering. safety. and i b) lJent it iin a h s.it tims, i'pe r a t ti m andtim ditions that has s t h< piitential f or t m sing ugnifh ant raihatn m protes non croupsi and to represent the mor

[w mne mter est s in deahng with the NSSS de gner.

exposures to radianon; s enJ r. A ! and bushler during thJ design and sn tcp Imnanng and impRment'nt.m c x pi n u i c urmin n phases li th, c v 'use f or peitornung this tontrol program.

not u nhm th, r pi1 ration w hen the sta-Im simn is Id) I)J s eliipin g pla h s pli,cdiltes, and Ili m i s In thJ de sign stJge.

i.n s uliJ nt s u lh ' pi n s ss thJ Icqtilrt d c \\pertne shi uld he used lhe utiln) nb t hi'J s tiir keepine raJiato m e xpi suic s of statn n i

i shouiJ obt.nn asmrans s that as ailah!c Jata and es.

permnnel AI AR T-.

perient e obtamed Ironi sunilar nuticar pou er sianons (c) Nes leu mp tonnnennn Un. and resom are t onudered anJ rcila tcd in the w ork of the N.5SS mending < hanc cs in joh pr ot edmc s to ma OLun c\\p+

desiencr. senJor. A I; and buildcr w as to prosiJe sures AI. ARA.

I c a t u re s m the new station that pe rm it an et th in e A!.k N \\ [TiigraW.

([) P g[tlt gpaj ggp lgg (lgg dis C!i'ptnCnt and Jp-PI"'a "i im n"+ rroe mm' ""a " w "a 'M "J+

i m ine Puot u.m y e,,supemnteoden, o,

non areas or ins oh ing radmastn e n:atenals r espi m sible fi r all aspec t s of statu m equis alent )

is i

o pe r a n o n. in luding the on sit. radiani n pnitalmn te) Supers nmp the oJnamn mn cilante Iini-proer.un e r.u n t o m.untam Jata on expmurcs ut and doses u stat hin persimnCl.10 spec if ic _}oh t i N ':on s and (yI3e Responsihihties of the f,lant Manager w uh re.

of work'-

speti to a program to mamt.on ou upatmnal taJi.omn e \\ pos u rC N AbAN T should incluJe.

t h i Supen ising the ti,Hctnon, analy sn. ad es aluation ut data anJ inf ormation attained f rom tal I nsuring supjh ir t tIinn ;i[l statitin persim-r.iJ n iliig i s al sursey s and miuitnirin t at tis itic s g

fil bCpCrs ising trainin al'.d quallt s ID t the t h > 1aarthipanng in the selec tion of spesitic

^ '

'^

Ot! iih a tis es l(ifths statlim.

_i>Jls l

Is ) Su} piir!!nc the ainsitc Radiatnin priitet tum I'

b' I'

'"' A P'"' #

I"' 'U"""

P"

nd d u n n g a h Manacer (RPMl in immulann anJ impicmcr une a s

w iir k in hiiu rs s!Jihin pri prJin til inJintJ!ning

,0 t upatiimal r,td.iatnin F

i c\\posures Ab AN A' and lil) 1-x peJ; ting the tiilles t nin and di se:iii:i i-

' I) ca ti ute' '

d irl'

i s u ir i _

.tri

< ! r a 'i i ihm of data and mf ormathm t ons ernmg thc pnigram oiMop tr c3 i p i:c r e thi i

t i3 pcic,tuip ges ; p.r auHe r i the Li rpi r.if e nurupc r 1ent fi t n, y m,,,c g 4, g i i am c s

g,g,

71Q 1 [J [J JlU hNA t

Qualititatione needcJ tur the RPM job. as keep it current. Statun personne, w hose duties do not well as thow needed f or other positions in organi/a-require entering radiation areas or working with t;ons operatmg nuclear power stations, are presented radioactis e materials should reteise suttisient in-in Regulatory Guide ! S Personnet Selection and struction in radiation protec tion and station rules and Traming regulations ta understand why they shouid n it enter such areas

c. Training and Instruction Training programs that hae as their goal an m-acase in craf t skills proside a bioader base et knowl-A trainmg program in the fundamentals of radia-tion protection and in station esposure control proce.

edgeable station personnel as ailable to se s ice dures should be estabbshed. It should inc ude in-equipment in radiation reas and pernut the sersites l

strut tmp all personnel unose duties require t 1) work-to be Pcitormed more reliabh and nmre efficiently.

This can promote lower indkidual and collectise ing with radioactis e materials. t a, entering radiation areas. or (1) diretting the actnities of others who dose leselt work a ith rmlioasth e materials or enter raJiation

d. Resiew of New or Modified Designs and T he traming program also should include suf-Equirment Selection arcat tit s t mstruction in the biological eff ects of expo-sures to radiation to permit the indisiduals receising (1) Since several groups within a utility t e y the instruction to understand and esaluate the ugnifi.

maintenant e, operations, radiation protet tion, tes h-cance of radiation doses in terms of the potential nical support, engineering, and safety groupu are m-risk s.

terested in station design and equipment selec tion.

the utili:. should ensure that these groups are lhe traming shoWJ be commensurate with the adequately represented in the :esiew of the design of duties and :spoasibilities of those receiring th-in-the tacility and the selection of equipment. A toordi-structions. as well as with the magnitude of thJ P"-

nated effort by the sescral functional groups w ithin tential doses and dose rates that tan be anticipated.

the utilits is required to ensuie that station teatures Personnel 1incluJmg contractor personnel) w ho direct will permit the goals and objes tises of the Al.AR A the actisities of others should be f amiliar with the program to be athiesed. Althoagh the A 1: and desig-heenste s radiation t ontrol program and should has e ners greatly influence station deUgn.eatures, utilities the autSority to unplement the licensee s commitment should not delegate all responsibilities f oi station de-to ensure the raJiation esposures of station perwnnel sign resiew and equipment selection to the NSSS de-will be Al.AR A.

signer, sendor, or A E Ihe training program should include instruction C) Design tonsepts and station features should on (1) radiation protection rules for the station and reflect consideration of tL actiuties of station per-(2. the applicable Federal regulations. Copies of sonnel (sot h as maintenance refueling, insersice in-the st rules and regulations should be made available spec t ions, procewing of radioauis e wastes, decon-to those receising the instructions The training pro-tamination, and decommiwioning) that might be an-gram should be approsed by the RPM and presented ticipated and that nught lead to personnel exposure to by competent instrut tors. T he information presented substantial sources of radiation Radiation protection l in the traming program should be resiewed periodi-aspects of decommisuoning should be fattored into cally a ed modified, w here necewary, to retlect con-planning, designing. construction. and modification temporary teshniques and adjustments based on ex-actisities. Station design features should be prosided perience in station operations. Instruction of statian to reduce the anticipated exposures of station perwn-personnel should strew the importance of exposure-nel to these sources of radiation to the extent practic-reduttion efforts by escry indisidual and should em-able.

phasize the need f or fee w k of information obtained d

when sinular tasks were performed presioush.

t h Speufications for equipment should reflect

~

the objectises of the Al.AR A program, including Station personnel should receis e instruaton at considerations of reliability, sen iceabilits, lumtations periodic inten als to reinforce their knowledge and of internal accumulations of raJioactise material. and other features addressed in this cuile Specifications for replJsement equipment Jho should reflect mod-

c. nsdera i

c. ha3 been goer to peer group t ertificatum i e,

r t e ri d ic a t mn < >f heahh phy sicr a s by the A rn e om a n thiard of ilications based on expet s nce gained f rom using the Heahh F ssa s i A hllPi. as icpresentmg esidente of adequa e ciriginal equipment.

r qu a h t ic a t mr. s for RPM t apada:es W hde the staf f belieses that peer grou p t er rai n ar am is Je uraNc. t he pre se r.t A B H P t c rt d wa-1 Facility and Equipment Design Features tmn n rvt rece wardy spetif waMy applicabfe to applied heahh ph y ucs or radutmn prwco mn needs in n x l car pow er stat mn s Radiation sources within a nusicar power statiim lloweser, the of f n dminurt with the AlOlP Pe proqwis ditler appreciahh w ith respes t ic loc ""1" in t e n u o; mr a spewl c erth armo rn grm speaf a am JacocJ iowed

'he T. reds til r J d la'liif) priv!ct t ui i pe r vir: h e l di D uc lear p'tw er that results from these wurces is dependent on many mim s 8%6 155 319

t A ttir s, haluding the f at ihty and equipment Jewgn.

are.n and t on!n ti os er the mm ement of sources of layout. moi anJ length of operation, and radutmn radiation w ithin the station. W here hich radiation

@1 si,urs e sueneth and s harat terntics areas i it u) mrem h) exist. t 20 203 of 10 Cl R Pan 20 requucs that stathin design teatures and adonnis-lo ponide a bash f or deugn. the quantity and I

tratis e controls pros ide citet tn e incress control. ease l iwtoph mmposition of the raJioat tn e material that t an be anth ipated to be omtained, deposited. or ac-and.ippropriate w.irnine desices and of c e rew, i

ni a it e s. At ee ss control of radiation an as aho shoulJ s umulatol m the station equipment should be esti-t reflect the f ollowine wnsideratione nuted. I ission pmduc t wurse ternn should be esti-mated using thess basev fli an ottgas rate of (1) 1.xtraordinary de nen f eatures are w arranted inopio pCi sec af ter 30 nunutes delay f or llWRs to a'. aid any potential dme to perwnnel that is large

! and<2in 20< tuel sladding detects for PWR s Acti-enough to cause acute biologcal ettects and that sanon w un e ternn. including at tn ated sorrosion muld be ret en ed in a short period of time Posit n e pr od uc t s, should be based on measurements and ex-wntrol et ingress to suc h areas. permanent shielJing, viurce rennn al. i r combiriati:ms <>f these alternalis es pe rie ns s cainCd tri n) tipCrJting ^.tatnins of sinlilar de-i i

sign T N '. ! N 2 3 ~ i G i R t f 7 ) a ba,.ed on suc h ex -

can rcJut e the dose potential.

perience and prmiJes mtbrmation that caa he used as (2) Adininhtrat n e s ontrols suth as standard a bash ti r estimatine at tn ation source terms. W hen i

s ipe r a t i n e casurcinents are usCd. cxtrJpil!Jtli n tiI data to equihhnum conditions may be needed to esti-inahenent exposuNs of pau nnd and the spwad of i

contanunanon w hen radnuctis e matenal or i ontann-mate uhunate, in ation sourte ternn Neutron and "b

tanirila uiurie ter nis shtiuld be basCd tiri Jp-

! priim pt locanon to anoWa and w hen We niute of transport plwable operatin e experient e and reactor core pin sit s s ak ulation; through lower radiation /enes or ilcan' areas can-not be auuJed Al \\R A proer.im objectn es are presented behm

'3) 9dh'" icd!"N' '"'h as pla@nns or wa U f or ed of ses cr.il station teatures or f unctions. Las h way w st.un. or ladders that pernut prompt accessibil-statement of ob)ctine n f ollow ed by a number et specific cons erns or succestions that should be ad_

ity for sen Mng or inspn non of components located in higher radiation /ones can redute expmure of per d re ssed sonnti w ho rnust perform these sen h es.

a. Access Control of Radiation Areas l o.n oh! unnecessary and inads ertent e x posures of penonnl to rmhanon. the magnitude of the poten-RaJiation shields should be designed using the I al doNe tatCs Jl Jll loCJtions within the station dedgn baus assumptions explained in reculatory po-sh'iulJ F. estunated durmg station design Actual sition 2 and consen atise aoumptions f or scometries i!. 's e rates d'aill!d be file tsuretl periiidit all) d u ri n J

('ak ulathin.d methiids knim n to proside reliahie and i ferathin ht dsterrnint s tirrent exp nure piitentials.

act urate results ii e me t hiid s and nnideling tes h-

[ine s awhlated with the higher diise rates duiuld be niques that have been derininstrated ni gise accept-as sm.ll as reawnably. hies able consistent able ascuracy in analy ses similar to the problem of kept w it h as s e ss:bility fi r at t ornplidiim the sen ices th.it conterni shoulJ be used to determine appropriate i

nnn! hJ pelhirf acJ in those /ones. ins luding eq"ip-shield tha knesses. Shield tiesign fe.itures shoulJ re-m ent lay dow n requirements. Radiatnin zones w he re llett the f ollou me consideranons to nuuntain otcupa-stallt-n pers.innel spend substantial time shi uld be ue ti inal radiathm exptnur:s AI.AR A:

s signed rti the liiw est prat t n al dine rates.

(l > l.xposure of perwnnel sen idng a s pe cit ic et 6;lni n pras tice til identil)

't Jdia tilin (tmljh >Dc DI I slith as a pump. tilter, iii s als e) tii radia-

$ It is i

it her ( tinlp(ine nt s CiHltJlnin e rJdniat tls C

/iint s w ithin a nus lear pi>w er stattiin l he /(inJ des-

!!i n Irii!!!

i t

ip 'Jt lon s arc C slablished to reflett the desien material tan be redused by prmidmg shielding he-1.i s t r i a u n ) di N rates that rnay exist in Jreds w ithin tw een the indis iJual ciimpiinents t h.it t iin stitute sub-t4 stanon w here statnm perwnnel must bas e htess stantial radnition sources and the ret eptor pertiM W required sers it Cs. heseril u s!C ms Ii4 de 14 i (2) U here it is illl'H as tls able i pnis ide per nla-ueninn;,radianon /onec turrentis exist amont nent shieldin ii r indis idual tiirnpi - nts that (tinsti-i the utih' n.mJ AN51(.o m nun a h, is des clopm e a

tute silhstantiJl radiati m ulurtes. the exp.nure of a stara,ard that shimid prine u ;tul in attaining,.>m-perwnnel maintainmg such components tan be re m.in deslenJIbi'n and tertrunohics in ih n-matta. l o ducJdIe) hs priis idin.' a s much di

• ince as practis a-auud ambiguity. no ref erente to radiation /one num-hic h:tw een the sers iceable ciimpiineriis and the sub-bers n made in thn guale at ihn time. i stantial rJJiali6in uiurtes in the area arnl ib) by prii-

\\ s s steril s himid be s stJblisbed Ili per Wlt cIf Cc -

sIdiny le m ptirar y shields iremnd cionptments that tisc cimtlid intr pe rvilinel at t e ss t i the r ad l.llii m (tintrliWre suhstJntiall) Iti the dine raIC.

XXJ 155 320

i 1, porcuu! c\\pmure of qatom ptm mnclto alill I hu r.nbl eq uipmc ri d r.ons. pipine

..nd i

r al o m.n f rom ts r t.o n nacms omimn r.n! u n o n sumns that.n c pio\\ rded to sollet t and route any um-sointes t an be reah ed b\\ me.ms 01 a qanon I.n ou r t.mu.ned hquid s dut impht leak or be spdled f rom t hat pctn ats t he u sc i.! dimeth e.mJ shichhn betw ee n piocess equipment ei sainphng stanims t an besoine 4

4.

si 't u s c s J!id widk h W.u n m s lhesC s\\ SIC m s m-suIhlJ nl uI rJd uf lon Wu ri. c s lhC drUnlinCs tan bC lijt!J (I'ul i c P t 'I !i!rilf ct! It') I!lC \\ bb N l!IJ IhC I C.h '

likaIcd in tI 'll s r CIc t it h 'I s. L i'rls It Ic dutIs. L i ll u llI n '

(

!<amtp. ottyas f rcatment. solul w aste or im!a a st pipe tiuses 10 pr n ide shic!Jmp lhese tor u af f t t

nt atm ni an.' storaps o stcms as a cll as o stcms sy stems can aho hctom, a sou, e of.orborne ton-mtrs qucndy ti'rta nan e raJ utn'n wurs es sush n the tanurathe because il the potent ud f or enes to listm s t.t ! 4! h \\

'.ts !!cJln a'ni Jiht residual hCar rcPb1\\ al s\\ s in Jrd bC rtICas J b\\. slu h s\\ qents isec re; ula' uy posnum 2 a bl>

tm ms b J.!l.liliin f l t'In ail n '{ h' r.lt l n !$ N N tI'IbinC L in p, l8pg g( p g lgg[g ug pgjg{jegg gggl (},g{rgglg timsnrarc a subaantu! murt e of e spt muc lor t iin -

'E' q i u, ! n 'll lk f si in U c l t ir t !h'I s W h(' h.. i Att 's lii If h

' 5D' UI sut ti o c u c nJcd p. r n,J s of nme it msuttit ie nt shiclJ sinudJ be pro \\ ided to n ibu s t he p,qcnnal dose s to FIm uh J PC h"""' l d " ' "i" 'I ' PC ' " t C - '*hC-

"r msp te sl #

m: is f nin Insf r ulllCf1Eatliin,tlh! ct 'l)Ir t'I s l he l t'I b t n in e t a l-( Il \\l r c.t f t:I n l t 'I st JIIcI l!! U t 'I I J d ! lil6 41 t rL M'l b1 sidcl alli ul s shiilllJ be re!!cs hi!in scles tille t he stati.'n s a\\ s!il,, h! s d t tipt '!k i.!s Isut ll as tu!'h!Cslt.In bc lcatuies f ct!itst s! fi\\ p r i'\\ idl!: c l a!') r llit hs i4 'r.ItsCss llL5d e ' cr. t ! i i h e,, twu re i't ne rmn rh I a lai > must unu-sils h,.l r6,,lc i!J sl C 'i t calu! s t>! thJ tlibit lc i . hillufhs i I'.)ll!d }h I: 'l IIic t l' ps 'n sI'I s li !b I t filt l\\ s i! r c.lill!\\ s t o,m ths uhh ic n o r< p.nr or rephu s mt et w here sus h thn.up. Ihc use of remhroJC orrennecly o m rated I t as'ik Is J \\ p; t retl i t i 'l I l s ip IICd blIlylC l ss alICr L m :uuhs nuybcnudg uif If the t ub ale sentams a 4""' I" N " """n a nunat mun e dut c an bc Mc s Mi t t C t'l .idth t h W l c \\ piisui c s and thCsC fas loh s e a r.o. r.uh n' u' mm t shouhl be takt n mto e su!ciat o, is> Nut mun e et r aJ unon n't o as 1 < ssible.o a s I k "Pure id ps nonnd w ho muq \\ w n or t!s.u c h pe r nanois for pipe du< ts and qher shl. I!ii( ,il l : l + l l I E. s s J9 !' Itdu cdtal b' ' ec a:Is l'I 'I ^ be r edo, d b\\ h w atme P. readouts i+r t nui l points l , n. m. that pic\\ cat subsu nt ul r mlun,u.. .ou n c s > I'- s!: 6 I. ! t l i I t Iq in alle 'd u l!h t hc ps t fra I s l'I1: sh clJs suc h as .bi b\\ usin_ sh nb a

n i

i ;i Inuturrntatn" muu % l u n e d te s h 'c li!' til llP l led st/C t h.t! alt e n u alC t he direct .Hdlis nts bu t t he c \\ p a u r c id p f ht m F't ! s an bt ic up,incn. Str i nin e also r ad ut o t an ottur da t J it th, mar ncnt s aIe Jcsipr ed. vla ici spn - um u;h m os suth,ts unlcss n'q uan shichhne en iticl. and h t atcJ s ch t io solcranen f or h ne sen h e stiu! !!1 ;il all dl; Ilims j ylt, ggs a nd [,ig l7j. UJC \\ t't WJIP te n ins and h't s s t ' "I N" * 'n and hia t rud m t umulaniin ( >perau ng ini It c \\ p. of tar n ' pers mnt l to r.nlu in.n ti. p pe s radi n ti\\ c cr ul a n bt 'T' " '" M h " '4d' " # d '""I N i t'es h d in the vice tam id repla s ment i rr t ru m e n t a - . n., iy '-n, l(i tl t jla s s 1 6-ts t 11 'll f'r ! )c s ! J n t c a t 111 c s t ha! pt r nti' l!!J r Jph! ! m niin al ( , l he uw of msuun enunini nun t t uuns nini- .mJ I ce st m N \\ i't sh wld m insulato m. .m.! i q hcr Ural (!ilantitle s L d ( t clt a n!!11.ltCd u t H b ini t lllit! ( C - .llal li.'nt ct{ulp': ci;t. I; a l 1:. 'I s t be ills p s h i t>r a s!; hili 4!ItJll) J !l rei!:) !!:- c\\pa'scre i>I sIJ

\\ l, an ream e th. potentul f or c \\ posurc.it

,l \\ I!lJ s sure cau: csi cl pcI,s .Iril!: ths t t i. pt I. s i st at Ihi r CJs!i >U I l' i. a t li) s u! Tit !c s an ! i !!Is r sl.lc l.!in; It

• lh) SpaJe 3 It}ll: 1 (

pro \\ n!c .n dm n sp n c tor spct ul n vis.m d t a s et

d. Control of Tirborne Contamirunts and Gase-sci \\ u m - mmnas an r< Jus pote n n.d J a b\\

ous Radiation Sources t s lY t Eliif lI1 ? 'ht <! \\ it t s lii hc A s s >f Cplishcd c \\ pediti-Ntanon design tcatures shi uhl bc prm iJed in all i.u si \\ th: rcJu in e c yosur e tin st.lt ii l) %tirk Jrcas fl* l11:11l t.c a \\ c r J Ui' t t in s C lit rJllt ili s I l l!1c c\\piisuic t ! [Jr u 'ont I W he n Wr \\ lte s t ml-tit r nln % hilt s in t!cIlJ) In alt le t ls \\ cls ucll beli n the t'll i p.u,cnts dut t onq uarc subsuntul radunon suurtes \\ alues hsted in Appenda B. l ab!c I. ('olumn 1 of lu n't arc lt atCi! I n h i e b r.id l.IIli'Il llelds can bl ('l N I arf 2II I lla ll\\ C dC a urCs t an nilulW'/C it l MllPinal/cd by r ei:1i n i n ;' flic

6.,m ps n c nt s atu! tiar:s -

the ( s t u r t e rn e i d in s a siiina! in. iea s, . in a ir t (+atalni-lila i.h!ulli m /ime s W hJrC shlc!dinJ n Irlt in. n-l l}le tt'ns CC!r ain m s.ind it:1:t 'llni s a d Lt.nla m - p !Iln? fi t in 14 5 .!!:d s pct lJI ti k i! s.t i a\\allahIC l}Csl/n ttaturcs that inants.i s m u iat d willi an\\ silsli. h s a s. mal im ic. cs penna d. pren.pt s'i.\\ d and mua!! anon of thew ! )c s i e n s that permu lepeated. iJcnnin d Icicaws of l1pt'itents( an r Jdth e t h;' cip's ai c (lill, larCe J n t t 'uilt s L 'I raillius tli in JIJ r ial s liif o lht Jlt ~" tit ) ))r ()- J L-sxx

s p.i s i' < jpial h' p Is n n J l .I'- I ffa!) a piil li tln k s a It hi'ut I fl Mal.dk in lhc ( \\ ' iliat h m s \\ sf s l'1 t i s L l1J I t' l.ll f.It!l Ir li t c\\fi'sll!s s Ili J ! c.i s ' A flJ I C ill! llI' i il.t ;' t' i j 'l i ['ll' ( !!! lil u st l'i cf i:1 ti 11 + t al!? ( \\l.\\R\\ ipc ncJ mt u qu. nt!\\. po: table auulur) \\t udato n i 111 P \\ tiltc r s. and A n sis. ms ts.c t m : hbm.i s aniu J m n Icarnres shoulJ pou ide for pro \\ a cd t h at a!Id: cts a hcle radm Ju c n ichi E an i aca rn t airh,'rra r ad mas tin; in at. 'ial h \\ tc t 4 it t t n c,\\ I,, u t a h i c ut ipated i i m t.a t s s ari hs ns. i i.. ans,1! Cnyint er m; i ontri ls suu h as pni ess. ton i t an uhar \\ \\ c nolan u w ms d - uh! tw 't stcJ tit i taimi t nt. a:.d \\s u ll it io equipment The imitinc 4p n!!) ti' s crit y !!it < !!h ic' s y i'l if t Illit r clenwr.1 pf li\\ I sliifl s 't I V sl't r ai.,f ) lif e s i lliin 11% u st 41! tilt j l ~

n llicli n 'i 'll n t i n U s U l' J ll t h e t f l h. lt i t \\ hJs h e!i \\ Cl t

\\ ld t!.ili) u t 'i n I C splf d h 'I s l a t fit Irlan Cn CliaCCrCd dc i !! !Ci!. 'IIC N\\ stJfil llid\\ l*C C 't !a l !s tCt! It ) tIlC li i dll i ll t IlO b cptable lhs us i:t ncrally im.n t up ica;ures is \\ c nnl.in on c \\ h.nnt d us t without tunhcr uc.oment and r c 'l1lI.t l + 'l ' ln tu C\\ t r. !!Il/ht he apl)f t'pfla!, I!) ( C r t.t lll thus inhale 4 !a pe l n u n c n t \\ cnolanon o acm i u gon >ut u.t i'r emci t :nt y operat n n s u hcn the appli- ,,.. t n h e a \\ i 'l + ! c i ' .lfft'n t'l CD21ncCIln' L 'rl ? ! Lils is ni'I t ca s','lC tir w hile s. st!. h s t in!f a il \\.IIe helnt Ins'alled til \\l A h min lit t i m f a n u n a!al s u l t.h e'* It ac! dine. cimJm sanJm: or scahnei m 'plue l hc.t ppl tik t il G s d 's spil.iti is is.u h }ct t (I n the ' ' t ! C.t \\ l n l,! NIs Jn! C e nC rd'i'r t'r ( ill'J t o w t t u bc - ~ i t Cln i' TC@llit Mle nf s i)! s 31 lil' l \\piisufC t't lndn k!uJIs t.i n ht. substJnll tl M1Urt e s.it Jlt ht$f :i ' ( 6 ' lit a tlli f' at.t in ti i (.is ntrarm n, e tt Rad a ch tl', \\lattria's m \\ir m l he st unirecs < in oc timil uio! h\\ usin_ iu \\i; ur y 3 lle sfilt ted \\ls as i 'l It) ( !'N l'ai t )) a ntl til Icpuld i, c nnlation s) ste m s steptahl' uw. ( 's C C Nepulatin!) fi'r) O u t d.in tC s 'I t ( Yu!tIJ X 15 '\\s , prahlJ l'ri ' O l a n 1 s i t 'f NcspllattiI) t.5 % h J!!;pll n y stJtliin s t i '! p! ! T!1 a f ) t h 'l a n t lir ( Pron t non. anJ 's t R 1 ( W ) 11. 31anual of RCs other flouh t ont nmng luyh IC\\ ch of radioat tnt ma pt ra t. ir \\ Un Nstiim \\omt \\u k >inc Rad ni.h t n e \\1a ter ul t an t onstitutJ substantui sa iu t t s, i st.o rt or nt !t il.Ils I NCI 'lI l)C'10n ICJfulCs til thC st.iiitill \\ Cnti ( t +M!J Tl'I n.tili n Sllt h v'u Tt s t.t ll he $!1t rillI. d h) i s lat it >Il s) s t J t!' alhl Jas i 'u s T ud u J s's pla g esslop %) s usif Jil\\lllaf) \\ J nIllJ?!in N\\stc Ws tcnr snonhl refla t tne f.>lhiu me con iderations ( fil h et IIanstCT 4 )T s!(' raps t il [h'!cntiall) ttm tamin ated t eim'h ir;er+t s M ill iiiinitili/c iit ii ntaniina i ll I hc s[1 'at! t ue allh if n ' t i'nt.tininJin'n u ltflin I tii n I his.an he as t t sf!1pIls!1cil hi ktCpin' t a 'f 1! a'H I i du staram t.m N lonial h\\ mamtaltung air [nessu C nated surt.h ts utt. h) spfa)lne, i'r. p!tIcf.th!\\. h) e rahc nt s and anthius tom.acas of lou pacntul tlT h4 ii ns t i'n f a niin a t l. 'n It

• arCJs 4t higlicr Jhitential kee pl!! ' sth h suit.k. s unJcr u ait i i'n t.I!n liut it m l'c r n alls t hs ks u,'ulJ cnsure that th.

t Jesign pressure ditterentials are beine ri!aintainoi

c. (~rud ('ont rid (2iiILttn cly desig d \\ entdain'n u stc:

anJ 1 )c u ; W tures ,1 tbc p:no..r\\ oolau uucm. s s s e iu s rJd u asic t ! c ar n;. rl! %\\ sle nt s ulll (ti!If aln t he se!.' tin in a tt st!L !tm '. a t c f l a i s !!Iai u l!! hJ In rad n m in t m A lial that has been depowed. Lol-tontti with ti c 5, un.n ) i sol a n t. and Icatures et s 's d,sti+ 'd, t i r II a n s pi'i te.' u llbin 41T h\\ the s) s cqul[' ent t h.it I p! 'll t t i ', t tu lant sh ruls! Ictl A I it tcnm laposures of stanon pctsonnel to radutam and wre!ciarnins that will icdu< c the prodam non anJ is to ootanonanon f rom \\ cnt'Lin m or cascou,, raJ. t umulanon et t rud m sunons w hci e it t a n t a me h nch ( u d sit t rCa lli, J n t ( Tlpi'lh nIs s t ur as J reslll! Itt IbC C\\psisulC IJ\\ Cis IhJ tt1lla iu lli IIJlli dn W!d b. Atin ns cd rii cr \\ n e. tcs!. msp; t. da ont.ainate anJ rC-udcicd in the.rud t ontrol et t.'rt pla.s si'nh 'nts 't t}lJ s\\ 'lc:lis [C f ti r In 4 't }le r r i I ( l l l'ri d th t li m i d ( a i s X Jhd (.ti id i, u hls htt'n-d u t ic s i1 Jar t h. s s\\ sic ns Ibdenllalibis I n 'Ill I!I c 's s st!rufe substantia! f as!Mf n'n s t 'u f t C s l fi truJ. tan he s) sic l ls s ail he illfilnll/ctl b) prii\\ !dln p Jad) as t C ss r'hkCd h\\ spCcit \\ ln. Io t}lC C \\!Cnl platIk a!bC. blu ' i to t h. s\\ s'em s h) pr e\\ iJ m g s pm C to pernut the at rh kC) and lou nohalt he,u m mater uh f or pinnan s omphshcJ e\\peditiousl) h) wparat - inincs tai ac i Cthilant pipe. Iuhtng. \\Cwel ni! CIT.al su!iat Cs I! Cat C \\ - ine ! der h.n.k s and m npi ment s to redus. e\\posures t hangers. u car materuh and other 'ompm ents that ti i r ad l al n 'il lIi !n ad ja Cni bJnk s a nd

4. 6 'm pi W C nI s.

i .trJ In ( t mIJe t ' \\ lt b pf lil!Ji\\ silant '\\ l h. I n J t l \\ c I n J t e I anil h\\ pri i 1 !!n. sullitic nl N p it C 14) as t :5 Miii l ate au \\ t t !!ah f or har J f.a m es of s car i utcr uh i.! hi2h g ehalt lllar) t ntilatlim t'r NIllelJing i t si'm pi m e n t s k l (tMJent shi'lld ht O W'idJf cd u hcic 11 is NIn 'u ll th ll el i Auulun \\ cntdanon s) ste m s that aua ent these luch tohalt,na'er uh t omnhme to the o\\ era!! Cv kan poniJc local c ontrol i t post a t leich Nush tonudemon dou!J aho take mio th. oci m a n e n t u s' m ontaming attount pote nt ul narcased ser\\ime repair requuc an hor r s wntanonants w hen equrpment s potentul an horn wuncs n opened to the annos-m ents and o\\ c un n hality of th< ma utcrul m phele I u t) t) pJ s (It Ju \\ lliar) \\ citil at a") s) stCnis TClatniri h> the inh! -\\ l t e r :' a t i \\ c n a:Cr uls for high l h o c proicd to he et tet tn c in.u ca s w here tonunu nh kel aihn nutCr uh ic. In#nct 6um shoulJ he, natcJ quTmcot mu t he in ed tic iuentl). dampers snud cred u h. i n n shou n that thi s - mah r uis t on ! and mmy s s an he pro \\ Ad m \\ Cntilanon Ju< ts t6 trihet to o\\craH C\\r !Cu h Su< h wnuJcrato m j per n ai :hc att A hn cnt el fleuNC tuhmp or cicphant shoulJ aho tak i. ount p'ocnt ul ms rencd ! t t ' 55 3]c -t

scr \\ h e rc[alr requd cIncGls.tnd in ciall Iclf ab!!!!) in[ llmit the spread sit s tint tminath'n tri n) Icakage iit i the a ca niJterials in relathin tii tbc ilJ la;u ul sy sicins i

1. 2) 1.o s s of nmerut by ermion of load bearins (3) Auumalations of t rud or other raJuh r se hard tas InU s

( lIl bC I C d ll C A h) U 'I U N d\\' ?dhlC In atC r lJl t hoi ( J n ni I bC a \\ i'it!c d U lIlllC t IIIpUC CI \\ I jciimetrh s JnJ lubricarits w here pr.h tis able, anil b) ss terns t ari be icduced by prin iding tca t'res inat s usmc u nuolltd leakaic purp ac row murnal slee\\ cs wi I pernu' the rcenm utation oi Ilu hine of fluuh u nh to J\\ tihl cntr) I't p lificles In!" Ille PIIInd) "'Idnt the ta;w ity to remo\\ c the r a d io.h t i \\ c nutcria! l T > 1 oss of mater ut by corrosion t an be redut ed throuch t henkil or phy sh al a,non Ihc tioiJs ton taining the ciintanitnants w ill require treattitent. ar'd b) ci'n tin u s 'u sl) Wi'nitiilin g a nd adllistin d i>\\\\ cen c(int e n t rJ!llirl and pil in prirtiary coolant a kis e this usur< c Amld N tiinsiJciN in si/ing uatitin Mn l amt by uung boght hydrogen-annealed tubing radw aste treatment o -tems and pipint ia the primary coolant and f eedw ater q s-W ('ont muity m the tuns tiomng of pios t oin tems air 'iin;!at hin 9 s!cIns Ill it are 1mpit te r i lor t iint ri+l-l (4) ('iinsidcrallt'n shiiuld be gis e n ii sicanup lin.' p ite ntial di" e s tii stat n 'n pt r u tinci. a i) be pri i i s, stem s le p using praphitJ i'r magnCtic tiltersi fi'r s ie.Cd during sCr \\ luing ilt the s\\stCins II 'cdundant rcnhu al of t rud lt:1m the prirnery cinilant during it tionpinnerits iir 9 stems are.is ailable u, that the < ion-C ra t li 'n. piir ent i u ith asu h iated pipiiig) beint scrs is ed < an be isolated. t?) Deposition of t rud w ithm the rnmary cool-an t s) stCl:1 Can be reduCCd b) p!in lding !aminaT Niiu

15) lk 4 *ntial ti4 < t'ntJmind hin ist s lan and mooth surtas e s f or t oolant and by mininu/inb sers k e s (sush as stanon sen hs air, nino;cn. or t rud traps in the 9 stem tii tlie extent pr.h ticable u g.r wply ) niuti M age tom Wpuent o qc i:s containing tontanunants can be redu.cd by sepmanng

f. holation and Decontamination pipmg f or these sen n es imm pipm. that s ontains b'

^' '^ " "^ IotC Dtial dme s to stalhin persormel w ho must wur= es can be desiened f or the ht t ame of the sta-sen he equipment wntaimng radioA t.c sourtes can inm. thus asioid ng ik munity tiu rMunwi.t iaM be rCdused h) retnins Ing sus h siiurces t riim t he atten lant exposurcu and lessenmt the potentui f or eqmpment idct onianunation). to the extent pra tica-ontannnation of clun scn n es it it is im pra t h able c ble. prior to scn h ing Sen iceable 9 stems and tom-to prinide isolation through scparatc < hases po n e n t s that t onstitute a substantul radiation murte shiiuld be i!csigned li> the e \\ tent prasticable w ith (N Surtas es tan be ue<ononunated more ce teaturCs that permit ivilath'n and dJttintJminatD n pCdit i iu sl \\ it thCs JrC snb u it h 'in p 'rt lu s ind tics station deugn teatures should conuder. to the extent i t cra. k s. c re s it e s. and sharp s ernen l he se desira-practicable. the ultimate deton'mnsioning of the ble leatures t an be rCaii/cd b) t pC< i!\\ m e applopr MtC t acilit) and thc f ollow mg toncerns. ~ ' destgr in et h His, b) gl\\ iry altCnthin Io finishing !lI Ihe nc< cssity f or dec onta"linarii,n can be re. work our t iin st rta tion < >r ma nu t a t u r e. and b) duted b) hmiting to the CxtCnt prA tk Jble, the de-hing wJ - (such as spesial paints ~ on sur!mes p'slfl $rl iit radb'Ju tis C nlJf crial w ithin the pris essing w here ceintaminatiiin can be antit ipated i ANsl N 101 2 pro \\ ides helpf ul guidance on this matter Cquipnk nt - particularl) In the dead spa es or traps ~ in t omponents w here subu nnal acumula-Wef h) a thinN tan ihtur ~I he depinitiiin i>f rcJnias tis c riate-d78 E bCrC suct CsNtu! desunt munathin dit impor-ria! In piping t an be reduted and det ontamin,ition el-torts enhansed b) asivid ng stagnant legs, b) lot ating {an t M stems todid be prc\\ ented b) an anth ipated i 'n.n c e t H 'n s abine the pipe cente-line. by using sli p-f ailure <>t a critical ti nipiment iir tcature. additn nal i s Featurts that pernni alternatis e det ontannnation & Ing rJther than horizontal runs, and by prosiding tion s can be prosided drains ct low p,unts in the 9 stem _ r 2 > l he need to detontaminate eqtapment anJ W) Contaminated w ater and deposited resiJucs stanon areas man be reduced by taking measures that in spent tuel storage pools contribute to the exposure u di redus e t he probabilit;. of release. reduce the at acc ssible locations m the area 'l reatment q stem s amount rt icased, and reduce the spread of the con-that rcmose contaminants f rom the water un pertcim +anunant f rom the sourt e ie g. f rom sy stems or more citiciently tai if intake and diss harge points for i em p-in e n t s thJI musI be openJd f(It sCrs h C or re-the treatment q stems are bs atea tii prin ide enh m< cd t pl& C mtnt). Sik h nleasures t an Irlclude.Ui\\lllar) \\ Cn-ml\\irly ahJ ti> a\\ind stagnatitin areas in the pu l and tilathin s} stenis ( see regulattlr) paithin 4 b), t re a t - ab) il pinil w ater in erth)w N and skinin1Cr tank s Me ment of the exhaust f rom \\ ents and in ertlow s (see p m ided Iluid ict or \\ at uum <lcancr ty pe agitators r e g u la!ilr) posititin 2 hl N I), drainJpe C8mtrol such as t an help redih e the scttling iit <iuit tui siirtm es tit the curton..md thsirs sliipin;: tii lincal drains iir sumps to pi n i! 9 stern. es m

8. 8 - I s )

g. Radiation Wnitoring Systents w Using tull ported s ab es t m stru< ted % h that the slurry will not mtertcre with the opcm; or

(.ch!ral air ' built IM ' ilit5ntitqing s) stems hat < losme of the s ab e and y,' els t inta >If nMit'n sin ths d* WC f ate ath! Oins e ntr.t nin of anborn< radiox tne material m seles ted ' tation t hi Awidmg tas itics m s ab es t an reduse the esposure of station peisonnel are.n

13) I he depinititin ist resin and sludge ih it wi uld who uou!J be required to enter the reas to obtain the oa u r d ou tinines wm ud tan h redud b dat i it % h sy stems w ere not pros ided lhese sys-

!Jlns alv' t an prl's lde IhmCis I n t t irW a t llin recardine raJius Where 'npe bend s s annot be uscJ long raJius t hanges m the dme rate or tont entrations of auborne clbow s are pretened radioa tn e niaterial m the ateas t I hc mstallation of-a t entral nit'nitt' ring s) stelD I CaslCr and l Css CspCn' idl hnhu'ther inte ri<ir pipt su rids o s at ( Lin ne s sise il it is a part t$t the origtiial stati< a design i T he insns t w ith.ittendant redta tn >ns in t ris tiiin h nse s. de selection or design anJ installation of a tentral pmition of matenal, and tenJencies to plug ') t an np 'n tli 4 in c ss stCin shttuhl ine!nde timJderatitin of be as hies ed bs usine butt w e. ls rather than uw ket th, tol low ing des.irable f eatures-uchh and by usmp t on sumabl< insert-rather than "E ""E' t l } ReaJout upanility at the main radianon pro- 'est itin am t, c w I.t mt rid ptilnt ; (3) W here the use <d tecs canmit be asi ided. line lowes tan be reduced it the flow is through the run di Placinent of detet tors f or optunum cm erage istraleht section) til the tee, and atcuniulations of ma-of areas i Ret lot the tee can be reduced by terial in the branth of. omponent failure; orientine the tranch horizontally or (preferably ) li Unt uitr> that indiutes i s i4 > I ocal alarm,md readout. sub CLI Iti plugging that ma) th) Sluirs pipine is < ? > (. lear and unambiguous readout; require baskthatnng trom the tank and equipment no-W Ranges aJcquate to ensure readout of the lation sahes anJ pressurizing with w.ocr. nitrocen, or highest anta irated radiation lesels and to ensure

ur to blow out plagged hnes Howeser. the use of pmune readout at the lowest anticipated lesels; and pressuri/cd gas for blowing out hnes tan pre sent a po-

'ential contamination sourte and may not be eff et tise t D '..pahihty to record the reaJout of ali ')" .n rehesing plugged 1. net tems 171 Water, air, or nitrogen for sparging can be used to fluidi/c resins or sludges in storage tanks T he

h. Resin and Sludge Treatment S3 stems use of gases. how es er, presents a potenti. i sourte of

'urborne conLunination and tank rupture trom oser-sy stems used to tr msport store. or procew re-sins or slurries of til!er sludge present a special PIC "" f C ' ha/ard because of the cont entrated nature of the (Si lhe spread of contamination bs the loss of radiox tn e ma'enal Desien f eatures f or resin and resin or studee throuch userflow s and sents can be re-sludeohandling sy stenn shouhl reflett this consern dutcJ hs usine screer. tilters, or other features that and the tollow mg spes itic tonsideration' will colicct and retain soli.h. Howeser, such f eatures il) I he a cumulation of radioactis e materi al in generally require cleamng by remote nushing by rapid om po ne nt s of sy stems used 'o pre ee w resin and repbcement. or by other means to redace esposures s studecs t an be reduced bs: during sers icing. Considnanon shouM be piwn to ANS N197 w Reducing the length of pipine runs; " Design and Perfo.mance of BW R I.iquid Radioatise I ib > I Mng larger (hameter piping s to nuninute Waste Protewing Sy stems (N ISi (Ref 1In ANS I plu g ging t 55.1 ' Design Friteria f or the Solid RaJu aste Proc-essing Sy stem of BWR. PWR and HIGR" 1Ref.12 L h) Rt,du< ing the number of pip. 'en and ANS NIW. PWR !.iquid Waste Sy stem Design uli hhng low pomts and dead leg in pip-(NISF i Ret t h These standards coser some av ins pects of slurry sy stenn. ici l' sing grasitational flow to the estent prac th able, and

i. ()ther Features it i MininH/Ing flow r C strit tions of processCd Stallein la)(tut and statum IJsks shou ld be IC-material siewed tt) idcDilt) and prin ide special f eatures that i2 I he ns ed f or maintenant e and the presente complement the Al. AR A program Station design of n;:ense local radution sours es can be reJused by:

should reflect tonsideration of the f ollowing t oncerns: 155 324 S h-Il

<l! ht sclet t h >n of r id ution Januge-resistant m 'l he sourt es ol radunon sut h as sedunenration i flais it 'r ll s ' in hllJh radi nii n JIJaw t an redutC the t hat t N t liis iii t, ink s 14 Wil til phit Css Ilquhls inntaining I .! tiir trcquJ lt Iepeat ?m ent an.! Gin redu t the raJhiat tis c riiaterial ath! residual li.;uiJ s t a n be re-s lTri hJhilit) 6.l tt 'n I J M li r:J!h $n t ra in) IcakJpe. duted w hcn scrs it Ing b) diallling the tanks lhe dJ iD IE us of st.unless tcel for wnsnu< tmp or seen can intlude sloping the i mk bottonh toa ard iiut-lets lemhny to othcr reprosessine equipment and. hnnn t a u n ps. n c m s v here it is s ompatible with the w here pratIltJble, prin iding built-in spra) 44 sulgC in riou.c cairrinh n !nd i an prin 't!c tylbins pD* sw,t Icatures fin dcti6r t a m. t nJIh 'n InJ!f D hb ( lil) Sp.irC et $finectl4 5ns sill IJnk s tir titbcr ( tinipti-(11 I h l.! tuo pipmg that t alrics t aJioat tis e rwte r ents h h.ifed in higher raJiati in n>nes may be desira-rial t JM ( Ju t urinn C u.ir) e\\ pt hu f e s unless due tt'n-ble ic pros hle ticu,oihty in operations. I Aposures of sit!cr at h ' is gib cn til the ri'uting Such unneccuary [h?r stintlel tan be as t'Ided it thesC tilnnectit'Os Jre pril-c s p. s m c s sa b. as oided it tue rt utmp b a cs on - pInhal unJsr the t oem/ ant e et an nhhs h!uai f.umlur slJed ;n a part i>l the i'riginal equipinent rather than by su}%equent nh4tificJth'n ett t}lJ equipment in thJ pre' A itli !!lc prilh ljdcs sit IJd ut h 'n pii uct t hin o li it a de ci% J int IJdiath'n ! illt ti ['Ip!n f lJssini ls [Itn ded, i e it the piping is not field run i l l i inspet tions to satisf y the AS\\11: Code t Ret.

14) and reculators requirements can result in expo-44 W riere tilters or other sers iceable compo-si,; tion hrsonnel to radiation. M.my of the g,

rents t.m consinute substantul raJution sources. es-obs te p Wnted Ane will al m rehne poten-pt h u ! c s (an ht icJueed by prosiding teatiires that tial esp %n s he grumM wh> p Mum th regirM pernat ope r a tor s to as oiJ the direct ruution beam o M om St.n on f eatures and tiesien should, to the .nul that pon ide reno ne renan al, installation, or ser~ cucnt pras ticalde, pernnt unpectiMs to be act om - s ic m Sundarth/ation of f ilters hould be consiJ-phhed cydahnhly and u nh niMmal expmire of cred pe r so n nel 'lhe ettert to nuint un ou: ' *:,nal rad:a-i;i ! b' sen is un ot' s ah es t an be a substantul tion exposures AI. AR A can also be oded by prompt sourse of doses to stanon person' nel l hese doses can au essibility, shieldine and insu, nun that can be bc r edus ed by pms idme idequart uo. king space ta quic kly reinos ed aad remstaUed..mJ specul tools antj g g cao a~ w hihts.md by locatmp the s ab es m areas that are ni.t hich raJnitiim ticlJs more inspet hon et c omponents or eqmpment t ont.un-i - ing potentul radiation wurtes ao I c A ac of wmanunarcd t volant f rom the ( I D Components t an be renios ed f rom piot ew ' primal} Q stern t.in be redus ed b) usmp lR C lo.h!cd m g stenh more C\\pCdolously II adCquaIC sfaCC Es s als c p.h k m/s and bCllow seals presided in the lay out of the g stJro Jnd it the mter-tonnethons pernut prompt dis onnu ts. I,1 I, tile n!I.il dihe s triim sersicing sJlses and t r('n! l c.t k a t J tan hJ Icdu ed b) spetl!)inj JMd instal-Il31 hiat hin f eatures that pr:n ide a lasin.ble s l I n t. IcIlJbic s alkCs 144 tbJ Icquir Cil SCI e R e. b) u sing wiirking CDsIrtinniCnI sut b as adCquate lleb'1" a ra. haw i danua re shtam sca h.n.d

a si et s. and bs lation, working space m'

ointy isia su. h thing s ah e b it k seat s. 'l hc uw of str.u g ht-t h h m g h q puttoInh, (.it Walh and intd lad o" a!s e i nnliguraf h'ns cJH as tild the hu! L *" Ns iu^ ders) Gin pri nhite u tM k CiliJiCnt) i larmns m internal < res h es and the dhwntmumes that i f!4).l he c \\ pt hure of stathin per stinnel w ha t must e\\lst in s als e s (51 tither cimt ipurafi u:s In nu ht t aWs. replm e lamps m high radution areas t an h. reduted sabes t an be instal lcd in the .. tem-up onentanon s to f uiht.uc nuintenante and to muunu/e trud trapt by using cuended sen he lamps and by po hng de I he desuct! teatures are rehabihty. good perf orm-sign f eatures that permit the senicing ol' the 1.- f rom lower radulion areas ante anJ the abihty to be mamt.uned inf requently and raprd!). f 15 An aJequate emergeng hylump M stem can rcJut e potentul exposuro of station personnel bs iM 1 caks f rom pump-an be reduced by usmg ca:. y w here they are con:panN.e w nh the scruce perinlttirly pri lnpt Cereu trilin hieb r.h!u! Din areas it l ned pt the e uon hghting sy stem taih. a needs po nidcJ that lower penonnel exposures tan be a f ucs ol thcrchs. It mu hanical seah are used on a

3. Radiat. ion Protection I,rogram pwp m a slurn sen iu tea ures that permit the use r

of t hhh w ater to <!can pump scah man reduce thi h A subst.mtul portiiin of the radurion dose to station siinitilaib'n til r,hlh us tis c niatcriJl ill thC Wa!N I) rains pervinnci is reteised w hile the) are pert 4)rniing Wr\\ - t sn pump !biusing s C in Tedth e thc raJiathin ticid t r,'m h as nniintenante. retueling. and riispetthin iii h es sut thh si 'll is ' during Wn kine bros m !I'r the collec-high radiato n areas l he ob et tis es that w ere pie-i n, at sus h Icakap or d h posal to a Jr.un sump b ser<ted in regulatory posinon 2 can pros ide st nion de-app!Lyrlats slyn lcJ. arcs ti'ndus ls C Iii an CI!Ct tis e patigrani it' e 155 5<6 "'2

mn t.un i ccupational ratiianon exposures Al AR \\ needed to perf onn the required sen kes in the radu-llinw es er, an et tetlis e prtigt.im alvt requlrCs s t.i t it5n thin arcJs. s;ut h a pringr.un wi.uld idJrew dinditii.ns epcranonal t onsiJcraum s in terms of prou dures. ;ob Inat require a spes ul work permit t.I other Tetial pro-planmng. rewrdkeepmg specul equipment. operating (eduret philosophy. and other support This set tion deals with the nwnct in whh h the station admmistratne ef forts tM A work pernut form with an approprut for-can influClh e lhC s ariables a tt ( l ) the number o[ pCr-nut can be useful ltir recording pertinerit init*nnatitin v1ns w hi t must t oter high r.nliatnin areas t'r t iin t.inli-toncerning tasks ni be perfiirmed in high radutom na!Cd Jrcas, (2) the pCrb'd of time 'he persons must arCa s so that the intonna. ion is amenable to cross-rcm.un m the,e areas, and i3) the m.ignitude of the ref erencing and statistit al analpis Infornution of potent ul dose interest weald int lude the foll. ming items'

a. Preparation and Planning tal !)esignation of w n hes to be performed on l$cloIe enterIn; radiJlhth areas where Sigmficant dmes wold be ret en ed, station persocnel should base ib) Namber and identititanon of personnel ths bCnefit l'I prCpJrJ!hins and plaM that Jan Cnsure wtbrking im ibC tasks the nposures are Al.AR A whde the ?ctsonnel are per-(c) Anticipated radution. anborne radioactne tomung the senices Picparations and plans shouk! re-nutc..al, and cont.umnation les els, based on current t iet t t he !!'lh 5w ing t tinslJeratiims suncy s of the work areas. and date of suney; i I ) A statI member w ho is a speculni in radution (di Monitoring requirements su.h as wntinuous protet non t an be awipned the responsibilits f or wn-air oli nih!Iing air sJmpIinL' CquipnlCnt; i

tnbutng to and wordmating Al. AR A ettorts m sup-pmt of eperations that muld result in substantial indi-te) latimated esposure tune required to wm-s idual and collet tn e dose lesels. picte the tasks and the estinuted doses anticipated ' ' I" ' " * < 2, lo pros ide the bases f or plan ung the asin ity. ' un es s t an be pcrtistmed tii as< criain inliirniatii n with (t) Special i r.. m< iii n s and equiprnent ti> i D spinurCs tnt perMinnCl Iil raJiatum and respec t til r.h} i d t it W. dinla nllhJ t h m. air bi'I ne radit bit - minlm In c material. and met hamc.d dit th ulnes that nucht b. vintan.inanon; emountered w hde pertmnung sersites ag) Protettne clothing and equipment require-with ine ' t 11 Radutmn w jo us iJt d m wniunct;on me nt s; ,o other actnities tan define the ru W rsonnel dosunctry requitt ments a ie idutmo ticlJs and identity fas orable loca-nons where persom el may take ads antage of asailable til Adorintion to perf orm the tasks; and sinc! ding, distante. geometry. and other fat tors that (1) Actual esposure tune doses and other in-atta' toe maenitu& of the dow rate or the portions of the boa exposed to tre radution formation obtained durmg the operation. 146 Photographs of 'a s installed' equipment or W) Consideration of potennal auident situati ns o rponents can be nduable ter planning purposes and or unusual oct urrentes (su<h as grow contamination < an be augmented by additional photm takcn dunng leakage, pressure surges. fires. cuts, punctures, or the suncy s T he use of portable i V cameras with tap-uounds) and contingenc y planning un reduce the p+ mg f eature-has considerable ment as both an opera-tentul for suc h ocet enses and enhance the capabihty tional aid and a teachmg aid for wping with the wtuations espeditiously it they oe- < 5i The existmg radiation lesels f requently can be reduced by draming. tlushing or other decontamind~ t10) Portable or f r..porary shielding can reduce tion methods or by remosing and transporting the dose rate lesels near ' hot spots anu in the general (tMI1pi m ent tii.t hiwer radiatism / tine. An esIlrnaIC I aa where the wiirk is ni ne perfornied the potenn.d doses to station personnel expected to re-salt tr un these pro < edures is gernune in selecting t i l) Portable or temporary sentilation sy stenn or .unong ahernatn e actions wntamination enslosures and expendable floor coser-(6) A preoperational bneting for personnel w ho ings can control the spread of,ontamination and lunit w ill perttirtu sen ices in a high radialktlO Jrea can Cn* the intake by workers through mhalation. sure that senice pervirint l understand the tasks abi>ut j7,.q g g g hi be per[tirined, the infiirriution to be diweminated' 6 I b Mihim' pubitnw tM and the spcClal instrus tiorls to be presented. unWd in b At d t situation, and

17) A program can be implemented to proude ac-selecting and qualif ying specia. toals and procedures wntrol and to Inuit exposures to those persons to reduce potential exposures vi stanon personnel.

tess 155 326 mo

i l 3 i Adctpute an ulur) lighting and a somlotta-

c. Postopera* ions He ens nonment te y s ortes tube coolers f or supplied

()bsen ations. espen nt e. a:,d data obt.nncd dur- .n r sun s i tan int rease the etlicient) of the work and ine nonroutme ope r a t iot. s in high radiation /ones thus rcJute the time spe n t in the higher radiatisin sh'ould be ascertained. reccrJcJ. anJ aral)/ed to iden- / tine s. tit) deliciensies in thJ prLigiaill and lti pit side the (lll NJdial't'n mtiliitoIlng iristrlinient s selec ted bJ %'s lt 'r It lung pith edUf es. nbidit) lng lcJtlif es. tir and m.1Je as ailable iri adequare quantities tan pcrtnit nuking iither aJtustna nts that nia) rcJus e e sp niires .h t urale Nica surtnlents and IJpid Cs aluJthins of the dufine subsetjuent sin il' tiperafinins. radution and contanunation les cis and thanges in tl} I'tWmJI tit Init inlal p' nttipe rdt h % dcbriClings lesCis w hJn the) ths ur Ntiutine calibratti n (d instru-i g g me nt s with appropnatt sourtes and testme can ensure side saluaHe intornution wnscrmng shoituinungs m (p t Jbillt) and act urJc) til n1Casurenlents preoperanonal briet mp s, plannmg. prot cJures, spet ul ( 15 ) Pcrturming w or k on some compt ncnts mside tools, and other t.htors that wntributed to the ause of disposable tents or. f or less complicated jobs insiJe doses res cised dunng the operation. U)fnmCrtiJil) as lilJblC dis lhn.lb!c clCar plastiJ plos e Q lhne data obtained Jurmg or subsequent to an bags can Imui the spr of c;mtamination. Sut h rectirded in a preseletled inanner as i>perat hin c#1 .V me o.u res can aho as oid unncu ssary Jo ses resuhing Jurt of a.Radution W.ork l,ernut.- or sinular procram f rom the necJ to decontaminate areas to pe rm! t pe r-M ulmin pition 1m M so that the Jata are sonnel. mess or to a!!ow for entr) with less reuncine anienab'le to statisth al anak ses protes tne clothing and equipment requirement s W Inf ormation wneermnp the s ause of t omp+ . % hCdu! ng tit inspet titins and 41ther i lbl (.atClu. nent f ailures that resultcJ in the need f or sen u mp in IJ sk s in high rJ'}latitm areas t an ICdth C Cipt Wures bs high radiation areas an prosid. a basis f or res h;ng pernuf ting dea) of radiation wurces during the reac specifications en replicement equipment or for other for shutdow n penod and b) eliminatmg sena repeti-modifications that can improse the wmponent rehabil-tn e suney s Data t roni surs e) s and espenence at-t.uned m pres mos o pe ra t ion s and current sune) data - SutIi irnpitu elWnts Can redus C tlle irequenc'. I l It s. senicmp and thus redace attenJ mt esposures t an b; tat torcJ into the w ht duling of. p.cifictasks. (4i infonnation gained m operanons un proside

b. Operations a basis for medit)ing equipment selectmn and deugn

')u 'ing tiperJt hms Ili radialltin arCJs. adequate supe tision and radiation protectmn sun cillana

15) Sununaries of Jose -

n ed b) ca. h t ategor) rCs iCw ed [h s lodlCJII) sih'uld tic [ Dis hlCd ti) ensure thJI the ;1pphipriatC prti-(II mainICnJncC ac tis it) citi. iC tedures are f ollowed. that planncJ precautior:s are ob-b) upper management to wmpare the incremental - sen ed, and that all potentul radiation hazards that duc' ion of doses with the cost of statLm modifications nupht desclop or that nught be recogm/ed during the tha'. ould be maJe. operation are addressed in a time!) and approprute

4. Nadiation Protection Faci!%. mstrumente ion, mnm and Equipment a l s Assigning a health phy sics ti e radiation sater) or radution protettion) tet hnaian the respon+

A radiation protet tion stat t w oh f icilities. in-hllit) f air ph o ldine r.iJiatom protet titm sun cillark e

• "M*-

d Ph E C @""E'** N titr e.k h shitt iterating t rew can help enwre adequate F"U Ik df D' IUN'um ettk wmh is a iguum radunon p:etet tion sun cillance. element in achiesing an eficcthe program to mainta n (h t upation.il radiation e s pinure s Al. A R A T he selec. q2) Perwnnel monitoring equipment such as tion of instrumentahon and other equipment and the diret t-rcJJin t d.nimeren. a!arining dinimeten. and quantities of sis h equipment prin ided for r. inin.il st.i-personal dose rate meters can be used to proside earl} tion operanons should be adequate to nhet the anthi-s to mdisiduah and the assignment pated necos of the station during nonnal operations es aluation of dos il t hi ne dinC s t ti spet It it (TClati ns ' scc NCyu!ahir) .ind dunny mapiT tiu!JgCs that ma) rCqul:C supplCinCn t (iullcs I.I h, 'NCptirting ()! t )p rating inI Irm a' tal utukels and CsICDsisC AI4k In !.igh radiatiim areas ticin Appendis A I ct hnit al "necificatiinis and ( Accident situainms are n,t cimsidcred in this guide ) h4 '[)itCct-Neadiny Jm! IndirCcl-NCading Iih kCI htat]pn dcQpn (Catures and prosisions sht'uld rC!lCet the Desuneten 'l f ollow mg wnsiderations' t 31 ('tiWolunlCJthin s)stCms betw Cen pCrsi)IWCl in a. (.ounting Nottnl high radiation zones and permnnel who are monitoring the operation m other 1.utions can pernut innel) ed A low -radiation bat keround t ountine r oom is thanges ut mtorination and as old unnetCssJr) Cspo-neCEd to pCrtorm routme Jna!)ses on station samples sures til mi mittiring pCrst WilC! clinf aining rJJiith tis e material ciillec ted tritm air. w a-155 327 xxi4

ter, surtm es, and other sourt es. An adequately IN Portal monitort cqb!Dpcil tiiunting It u2m w ould Inslude:

d. l'rotectis e ICquipment (Regulatory (.

(1) N!uha hannel gamma puise height analper [.tihty aupphed protet tise equipment selec tion iuide 5 9 .S peci'. it ation s f or Ge(1 i> should include considerati<in iit Spet trow ops s stems t or N1aterial I,rotet tion Nicasurcment s -- Part 1: Dat i At quisition Sy stems (1) Anticontamination clotLng and equipment po n ide s cuidance for selecting Geil ) spec n oscopy that meet the requirement of ANSI M.2 IRef.15) miennl. tor us in atnuwpheres containing radi.uctne mate-rials or the National Institus of Occupational Safety 121 l a tw -bA kground alpha-beta radiation pripir-and llealth's (NIOSil) -(.crutied Personal Protectis e nonai counted s) or w mtdlation t oontert s t I quipmer? lbt. and current supplements t rom

1. 3) I nJ-window Geiger-N!uller (G-N1) tountuh);

DillE PilS (Ref.16).

12) Respiratory protettise equip nent, insluding (41 A liquid scinullanon counter for tritium a re pirator tuting program that satistics the guidance analy ses Analy ses of bioassay and

...m nmental of Regalatory GuiJe 8.15 and NURl!G 0041 # Ret S). mples and whole-body tountinj isc Regulator (aide S % Acteptable Concepts N1odels. Equj.

c. Support F. ace h..ues nons. and Assumphons f or a INesay Program") call Design features of radution protec tion support f or addit onal equipment and laboratory space it the f acilities should include consideratior, of:

ancly ses are pertonned bs s'ation perst nnel rather than t1) A abbipuet aliMann m de by other specialnts through cont:Atua arrangements d and located such that radiation in the tahbra-

h. l'ortable Instruments tion area will not interfere with low-lesel monitoring "I '""" U " F 9 ' k "";

Portable mstruments nee Jed for umnuring dose rates and radiation thacastenstics would melude: (2) Personnel decutamination area ohis tacility shouM be located and designcJ to expedite rapid < li low-range (nominally 0 to 5 R per hour) ion canup of personnei and shouM not N used as a thambers or G-Ni rate meters; mul:iple-purpose area or share s entilation with

12) thgh-range (O 1 to at leet 500 R per hour) ion food-handimg areas) w nh showers. b eins. and in-stalled "frisker" equipment; Gumbers; (3) Alpha wintillation or proponional count rate O) Facihties and equipment to clean, repair and meter %

decontaminate personnel protectise equipment, monitoring instruments, hand tools, electromechani-(4) N.eutron dose equn alent rate meters,. cal parts, or other material (highly coataminated tools

15) Air samplers for short-tern, use with particu.

or other equipment should not be decontaminated in latt liheis and iodinc sollection des hes huth as asti-the area used to clean respiratory equipmentn s ated charcoal cartridcesn and 4, g, I N Air monitors with connnuous readout tea-the nersonnel decontamination area and a control sta-F..rea equipped with sutticient lot kers to accom-tmes oiocate pennanent and connAt maintenance notkers

c. Personnel Monitoring In strumentation who may be required during maior outages; Per ennel monitonne insn amentation selection

0) Control stations for entrana or mit of per-should include consideration of:

sonnel into radiatien-and contaminanon-control'ed < l i G-N1 1 rnkers' for 'etecting low lesels of acess areas of the station such as the personnel en-raJioactise materul; trance to the contamment buildings and the main en-nana to the radw aste piocessing areas; these control (2) Direct-reading low-range to to 200 mR) and mrermedute-range in to 1000 m R ) pos ket dosimet-stagons f so nuy N used as the control point for ers Isee Regulatory Guide h 4L tion and for the storage of portable radiation sur.c)

1. 3) Alarm dosuneters; equipment. signs. ropes, and respirator:. protet tis e YN#;

(41 l'il nl badges and iir thernioluminew ent de n! meters i II.1)); (L) Equipment to IJCilllate communiCatitm be-tween all areas throughi>ut the statii>ri; and (3) lland and fiint monitor % and (7) SultiClent L'f t h C s[tacc 'o a'_ ( tim mt id.ite t he . \\.e t c" k arn set p u n' f e a'ure s or these INrun ents kmpiqQ Jnd pcnnanCut raMhP [D h tion M t. s a w a r. i r j w he n s e s ;w t'c l W, JN pr m d ir y permanent records. and tet hnit al htcrature - me s m c m or 1r a sent er. mr 3r[ 700 13J JCU S S-15

D. IMPLEMENTATION pmta non design presented in the appihant's final saf ety analy sis report wil! be ies iew ed against regula-I bs purpose ni this scttion is to pon ide inf oinu-tols position., of this guide at1d ditterent es f rom the t ir in !< ' appils.. li t s.t rh! Ils e llsce s reyJrding the N R(. retommen Janons of the ptude w ill be identified ipar-statt.s p!.in s te$r using this leptilator) glilJe th ularl) loI plants designCd bClore Negul.tror) (.luidC l his culJe ictict is t iiri e n t s R(' stail pras th e in XX w as iwued). liiiw e s er. nii stibstantis e desig n t hant.es w ill t e requued at the operating lis ense stage I heref ore, eu ept m in ense apphs anon re s icu s iho s a se s in whh h th, appih.mt pmpmes a n .h unless the design <!ung can pres ent su b s ta n t i il that t anni t be pres t nted by pris-( cpt ahle altcIn ' tis e nis t hi ul it'l i..'m pl)in g W ilh speci-man-r eni e x piistin e s i lied j k 'I t h'n, til 'llJ (lir11niluhin h t epularliin s. the cedur. I MIcastires and the design t hance is ci*risistent pli!)sipIe i t Inainf alning n h l!b d s ijJ w Iihed hJrCin. ire being and W ill Li'ntinue with thJ t iWt - C t ! ct Iis C n e % l tii he uscd !!t t he C s JIllatleill sit subnilttals li'r s tin - th t upatismJ1 r adiathin e xpiisures AI. AR A strus t li qi ps f lilit s and iftrating lh ense applk alitins \\lethods other than ihme c' lorth in flus ruide iln!ll t hi s euh!J is lesiscJ as a result i$t suppe stnins t riqn if L' pt;hlh i'r J.!dilh'n il stat t res leu niJ) be su'istltuted ttir thiisc stated herciti. prin id ed they satisf y the t riterion -as low as is reasonably At the iycrannp lh ense resieu stap, the radiation am bics able ~ of paragraph 2n lic) of in El R Part 2n REFERENCES I W Ho Conumnee of the Nanonal Count d on 9 TNSI N idl 2. 'Protestne Coatings (Pamt i f or s k mh illon Printet tion an ! bleeureWCols, M nMrh !.lp h t Water Nuclear R eac t or ('on t ainme nt li'r the (ichcral IifuIation. 'Stiense I as illfles. ' ('oples Ina) be i'btainCd f rom the AmCri-Radiathin Ih% 1 Il. EX2 4 l'Hdl) can Natis nal Standards InstitutC. !43II !$nMdW a). New York. N Y. lulls. 2 'ine 1ticsts on Populanons of I sposuie to g gggg .I 'n M W n U m m l In i e.cis o l' lonv:no R nliat ion. National toi Area RaJution N1onhormp Sy stems for1 W Rs. s ad, m y of N n nse-ational Researt h (.ounsd. f Idralt) i l)lll W (imirm Pil 45 64 44 Nin emher 1972. 1 i 1. ANS N 197 'Doign al Perf orm ince of 11% R ! 1 Iwi nat uul ('onn.'ission on Radiologh al Pro-1.ujuid Radioat t n e W aste Prot essin g Sy stems l ta non i l( RPi. 'im plh ations of Conunission Res (Nihl ' (i pics may be obramed f rom the American ' NtkIe.ir hi clet). 555 Nilith Kensm; ton A.cnue, l.a immcnt!at h m s I hat ihacs He Kept \\s1.on As Read-i m h hin ab!c. ICRP Publhanon 22. Pergamon Grange Park. Illmois 6n525 Pa s-lo'; ( 'or w s may be obtains d f rom Per gamon 12 A N S 5 5 1. ' Design Crueria f or the Solid ! Press \\laxacll llous l airs iew Park. l imstord. Radw aste Protenmg Sy stem of l!W R. PW R, and i New i ork in M ; HIGR ' Copies may be obtained trom the American Nu lear N*ciets. 555 %irth Kensinehin Asenue, l.a ! s 4 ( \\ Pellctort et al '(.ompilation and Analy-g . pg g;g gg5 of I) u on ( >u upanonal RaJunon laposure I.x-us 13 AN.S N 199 'P A.R laquid Weie Sy steni De-l pericns cJ at ()peratmp N uclear Pow er Plant. i sign (N I SI (.eipic s may be iiht ained t r im the l Ati. n u indu sn ul I orum.1974 A m e r h a n N.uclear Sot iety. m N, orth,sensington l r 5 I I) \\1urphy. N I Dayem. J. stewan Bland. Asenue, l.a Grange Par k. Ilhnois 6n525 I .n.J u J Passuk. '1 L ui anonal RaJution lapo-14 Set tbn NI. U NII lloiler and Prewuie Vewel sme at I ipht n m erToolcJ Power Reas tors. 1964 (' ode and Addend... opies nu) l'e obtamed f rom the l'8 N I ' R I (I-illll'). k' S Nus Icar Rep liati r) Anicrit Jn N N iet e st Nie hanical l ogineers. l'nited i y C mn:ission -\\ u c u s t lo'n ( ories nuy he ob'.oncJ l ngmecring Center. 345 I et 47th Street. New York. t ri m t h ' N Jt h m.il l es hn h al Inti rmJtbirl Sersice. N Y. lidll7 i t spr mplicid. Va 22161 15 ANSI Lh5 2. 'Prastites for Respiratory Pro-tec non ' Copin may be obtained f rom the Amerhan 6 NI'RI (i n122. 'N mth Tnnual ()s cupanona Nanonal Standards Insutute. 143n liroadw ay. New Radunon 1:sposm e Report. 197h Cop es nu) he ohu mcd to m the Nanorul l et hmc.d intoinunon Y"'k N Y I""I* 16 N I()S H. 7 'e rtified Personal Proicu t n s Nen h. Npunc t ie!J. Va. 22161 I quirn.cnt List luly 1974, and sup,lements bs ~ \\ N M N 217 ' %.u rt lerm Spc< tt h anon DIRW PHS Publi4 d by l'. S Dptmnt ol ('7hs nuy hc ohmna d imm the Ann rh an Nus lear Heahh. I duawm M WeltWe Pubh hem sm. % cty. *55 Nonh Ke smunm b enue I a Grar.ge a (' enter of I)isease Control. Nanonal Insutute of Park, Illmie fin 5 2 5 ( gg gg j gg { gg obuined f rom f rom the ()t t h e i l' 'l echmc.d Pubhcations. Nanonal 3 ( upic s of Nl R1 (i no41 nuy h t the N a t li'n al iet hais al I n t iit nia t i >n sersite. Institute i f ()cs upatnmal Safety arid licaith. I%nt ()t- \\prinelleld. Va 221hi t it e litii!Jin g.

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