ML17349A826
ML17349A826 | |
Person / Time | |
---|---|
Site: | Turkey Point ![]() |
Issue date: | 04/23/1993 |
From: | FLORIDA POWER & LIGHT CO. |
To: | |
Shared Package | |
ML17349A825 | List: |
References | |
NUDOCS 9304300007 | |
Download: ML17349A826 (39) | |
Text
ATTACHMENT 3 PROPOSED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Marked-up Technical Specifications Pages, ii V
XXl.l.l.
1-6 1-7 1-8 3/4 2-1 3/4 2-2 3/4 2-3 B 3/4 2-2 B 3/4 2-3 6-20
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9304300007 930423 PDR ADOCK 05000250 PDR"
INDEX DEFINITIONS SECTION- PAGE
- 1. 28 SOLIDIFICATION. 1-5 1.29 SOURCE CHECK. 1" 5 1.30 STAGGERED TEST BASIS 1" 5
- 1. 31 THERMAL POWER... 1-6
- 1. 32 TRIP ACTUATING DEVICE OPERATIONAL TEST. 1-6
- 1. 33 UNIDENTIFIED LEAKAGE 1-6
- 1. 34 UNRESTRICTED AREA.. 1-6
- 1. 35 VENTILATION EXHAUST TREATMENT SYSTEM... 1-6
- l. 36 VENTING. 1-6 TABLE 1, 1 FREQUENCY NOTATION.
TABLE 1.2 OPERATIONAL MODES...
iO I G t Y AL <HAWW CL wp~R<V'(omAt-
~p'~~~<A Q L.i wK Ys Lgpwp ~ t TURKEY POINT - UNITS 3 8: 4 AMENDMENT NOS. 137AND 132
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INDEX LIMITING CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION ANO SURVEILLANCE RE UIREMENTS SECTION PAGE 3/4.2 POWER DISTRIBUTION LIMITS 3/4. 2. 1 AXIAL FLUX DIFFERENCE.. 3/4 2-1 3/4.2.2 HEAT FLUX HOT CHANNEL FACTOR 3/4 2-4 FIGURE 3.2-2 K(Z) - NORMALIZED F (Z) AS A FUNCTION OF CORE HEIGHT. 3/4 2-5 Q
3/4.2.3 NUCLEAR ENTHALPY RISE HOT CHANNEL FACTOR 3/4 2-11 3/4.2.4 QUADRANT POWER TILT RATIO. 3/4 2-13 3/4. 2. 5 DNB PARAMETERS 3/4 2-16 3/4.3 INSTRUMENTATION 3/4.3. 1 REACTOR TRIP SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION 3/4 3-1 TABLE 3.3-1 ..EACTOR TRIP SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION....... ~ ........ ~ .. 3/4 3-2 TABLE 4.3-1 REACTOR TRIP SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS 3/4 3-8 3/4.3.2 ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES ACTUATION SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION. 3/4 3-13 TABLE 3.3-2 ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES ACTUATION SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION. 3/4 3-14 TAB 3.3-3 ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES ACTUATION SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION TRIP SETPOINTS. 3/4 3-23 TABLE 4.3-2 ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES ACTUATION SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS 3/4 3-29 3/4. 3. 3 MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION Radiation Monitoring For Plant Operations, 3/4 3"35 TURKEY POINT - UNITS 3 8 4 AMENDMENT NOS. l37AND 132
P t e
1NDEX I
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS SECTION
- 6. 5. 2 COMPANY NUCLEAR REVIEW BOARD Function. 6-8 Composition. 6-8 Alternates 6-8 Consultants 6-9 Meeting Frequency 6-9 Quorum.. 6-9 Review.. 6-9 Audits ~ . 6-10 Records. 6-11
- 6. 5. 3 TECHNICAL REVIEW AND CONTROL Activities 6-11 6.6 REPORTABLE EVENT ACTION. 6-12
- 6. 7 SAFETY LIMIT VIOLATION. 6-12
- 6. 8 PROCEDURES AND PROGRAMS. 6-13
- 6. 9 REPORTING RE UIREMENTS 6-15
- 6. 9. 1 ROUTINE REPORTS........... ~ ...,. 6-15 Startup Report...... 6-15 Annual Reports....... 6-16 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Repo rto ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ 6"17 Semiannual Radioactive Effluent Release Report.. 6"18 Monthly Operating Report 6-19
(~N~~++~ Peaking Factor Limit Report... 6-19
- 6. 9 ' SPECIAL REPORTS......; .....,.... .............. .... .....
~ ~ ~ 6"20
- 6. 10 RECORD RETENTION ~
6"20 Cone C p~~4)'
aseaw L(NCaC) TURKEY POINT " UNITS 3 4 4 1-6 AMENDMENT NOS. 140AND 135 (>~>N).t'~we~< INSERT 1 CORE OPERATING LIMITS REPORT 1.38 The CORE OPERATING LIMITS REPORT (COLR) is the unit-specific document that provides core operating limits for the current operating reload cycle. These cycle-specific core operating limits shall be determined for each reload cycle in accordance with NRC approved methodology. Unit operation within these operating limits is addressed in individual specifications. The COLR is submitted to the NRC in accordance with the requirements of 6.9.1.7. Turkey Point Units 3 and 4 TABLE 1.1 FRE UENCY NOTATION NOTA~ION FRE(RUENCY At least once per 12 hours. At least once per 24 hours. At least once per 7 days. At least once per 31 days. At least once per 92 days. SA At least -nce per 184 days. At least once per 18 months. S/U Prior to each reactor startup. N. A. Not applicable. Completed prior to each release. l- 6 TURKEY POINT - UNITS 3 6 4 AMENDMENT NOS137 AND 132 C :.3 CM TABLE 1.2 OPERATIONAL MODES REACTIVITY X RATED AVERAGE COOLANT MODE CONDITION K THERMAL POWER* TEMPERATURE
- 1. POWER OPERATION > 0.99 > 5X > 350'F
- 2. STARTUP > 0.99 < 5X > 350 F
- 3. HOT STANDBY < 0.99 > 350 F
- 4. HOT SHUTDOWN < 0.99 350 F > T
> 200'F
- 5. COLO SHUTDOWN < 0.99 < 200 F
- 6. REFUELING~" < 0.95 < 140 F "Excluding decay heat.
"*Fuel in the reactor vessel with the vessel head closure bolts less than fully tensioned or with the head removed. ~ TURKEY PCINT - UNITS 3 6 4 AMENDMENT NOS. l37AND 132 0 3/4. 2 POWER DISTRIBUTION LIMITS 3/4.2.1 AXIAL FLUX DIFFERENCE LIMITING CONDITION FOR OPERATION 3.2. 1 The indicated AXIAL FLUX DIFFERENCE (AFD) shall be maintained within t 5X target band (flux difference units) about the target flux difference. The 'icated AFD may deviate outside the above required target band at g ater than o equal to 50K but less than 90K of RATED THERMAL POWER provided e indi-cated A is within the Acceptable Operation Limits of Figure 3.2-1 a the cumu-lative pen ty deviation time does not exceed 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> during the pre ous 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> The indicated D may deviate outside the above required target and at greater than 15K but les than 50K of RATED THERMAL POWER provided th cumulative penalty deviation 'me does not exceed 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> during the pr ious 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />. APPLICABILITY: MODE 1, bove 15K of RATED THERMAL POWE ."¹ ACTION:
- a. With the indicated A outside of th above required target band and with THERMAL POWER grea r than or qual to 90K of RATED THERMAL POWER, within 15 minutes 'ther:
- 1. Restore the indicated AF to within the target band limits, or
- 2. Reduce THERMAL POWE o less an 90K of RATED THERMAL POWER.
- b. With the indicated AF outside of the ove required target band for more than 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> o cumulative penalty d iation time during the previous 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> or outside the Acceptabl Operation Limits of Figure 3.2-1 a with THERMAL POWER less tha 9(C but equal to or greater than OX of RATED THERMAL POWER:
- 1. Red e THERMAL POWER to less than 50K of RATE THERMAL POWER w hin 30 minutes, and
- 2. Reduce the Power Range Neutron Flux* - High Trip Set ints to less than or equal to 55K of RATED THERMAL POWER withi the next 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br />.
With the indicated AFD outside of the above required target band r more than 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> of cumulative penalty deviation time during the previous 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> and with THERMAL POWER less than 50K but greater
- See Special Test Exceptions Specification 3. 10.2.
Power Range Neutron Flux Channels 't u testing of the ma e (below 90K o MAL POWER) pursuant to Specif' . 1. 1 provided the indicated AFD is maintai in a le Operation Limits of Figure 3.2-1. A total of opera e accumulated with the AFD outside of t required target band during tes s penalty on. TURKEY POINT - UNITS 3 8 4 3/4 2-1 AMENDMENT NOS. 150AND 145 Effective Date: October 30, 1991 0 ~~ 1P.te> !~ ) II ll 'I i ~O %e 'P>!S~~$ f j (at" ' I,-'93-092 Attaohment 3 INSERT 2 3.2.1 The indicated AXIAL FLUX DIFFERENCE (AFD) shall be maintained within: a ~ the allowed Relaxed Axial Offset Control (RAOC) operational space as defined in the CORE OPERATING LIMITS REPORT (COLR), or
- b. within a +/- 2% or +/- 3% target band about the target flux difference during Base Load operation.
APPLICABILITY: MODE 1, above 50% of RATED THERMAL POWER*. ACTION ***: a ~ For RAOC operation with the indicated AFD outside of the limits specified in the COLR, either
- 1. Restore the indicated AFD to within the RAOC limits within 15 minutes, or
- 2. Reduce THERMAL POWER to less than 50% of RATED THERMAL POWER within 30 minutes and reduce the Power Range Neutron Flux High Trip setpoint to less than or equal to 55% of RATED THERMAL POWER within the next 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br />'or
- b. Base Load operation above P~** with the indicated AFD outside of the applicable target band about the target flux difference, either
- 1. Restore the indicated AFD to within the Peaking Factor Limit Report target band limits within 15 minutes, or
- 2. Reduce THERMAL POWER to less than P~ and discontinue Base Load operation within 30 minutes.
c ~ THERMAL POWER shall not be increased above 50% of RATED THERMAL POWER unless indicated AFD is within the limits specified in the COLR. L '93-092 ~ Attachment 3 INSERT 3
- P~ Reactor Power at which predicted F~ would exceed its limit (consistent with Specification 4.2.2.1).
- The indicated AFD shall be considered outside of its target band when two or more OPERABLE excore channels are indicating the AFD to be outside the target band.
POWER DISTRIBUTION LIMITS LIMITING CONDITION FOR OPERATION Continued -RMAL .POWER,@he TH%MAL PO SURVEILLANCE RE UIREMENTS 4.2.1.1 The indicated 0 shall be determined to be within its limits during POWER OPERATION abov f RATED THERMAL POWER by:
- a. Monitoring the indicated AFD for each OPERABLE excore channel:
- 1) At least once per 7 days when the alarm used to monitor the AFD is OPERABLE, and
- 2) At least once per bout for the first 6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br /> after restoring the alarm used to monitor the AFD to OPERABLE status,"
- b. Monitoring and logging the indicated AFD for each OPERABLE excore channel at least once per hour for the first 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> and at least once per 30 minutes thereafter, when the alarm used to monitor the AFD is inoperable. The logged values of the indicated AFD shall be assumed to exist during the interval preceding each logging.
4.2. . The indicated AFD shall be considered outside of its target band two or more ABLE excore channels are indicating the AFD to be o the target band. Pena eviation outside of the above require get band shall be accumulated on a time 's of:
- a. One minute penalty deviation ach 1 minute of POWER OPERATION outside of the target at THE WER levels equal to or above 5(C of RATED T POWER, and
- b. One- minute penalty deviation for each 1 minute OWER OPERATION side of the target band at THERMAL POWER levels between and 50K of RATED THERMAL POWER 4.2.1 The target flux difference of each OPERABLE excore channel shall be determi ed by measurement at least once per 92 Effective Full Power Days.
The provisions of Specification 4.0.4 are not applicable. 4.2. 1 The target flux difference shall be updated at least once per 31 Ef ective Full Power Days by ither determining the target flux difference pursuant to Specification 4.2. 1 bove or by linear interpolation between the most recently measured value an he predicted value at the end of the cycle life. The provisions of Specifi ation 4.0.4 are not applicable. "Performance of a functional test to demonstrate OPERABILITY of the alarm used to monitor the AFD may be substituted for this requirement. TURKEY POINT - UNITS 3 8L 4 3/4 2-2 AMENDMENT NOS. 13>AN01 ~ V P 0 ~ I E C3 "~ 'g.:.3 ('"3 >>,90) 90 UNACCEP LE U PTABLE OPERATlO PERATION 70 ~ Q 60 ACCEPTAB ERATlON I o SO -31,50) (31,50) c5 20 10 -50 -40 -X -20 -10 0 10 TURKEY POINT - UNITS 3 5 4 3/4 2-3 ~ AMENPyENT NOS 137 ANP 132 r 'rr ~C // r'> /r rf rl ID IL r /t 0 4CAtiLZ~ ~ ~ POWER DISTRIBUTION LI ITS BASES AXIAL 'FLUX DIFFERENCE (Continued) Although it is intended that the plant will be operated wit 'he target band required by Specification 3.2.1 about with the AFD the target fl differe, during rapid plant THERMAL POWER reductions, control rod mo 'on will cause e AFD to deviate outside of the target band at reduced RMAL POWER levels. his deviation will not affect the xenon redistri ion suffi-ciently to chang he envelope of peaking factors which may b cached on a subsequent return to TED THERMAL POWER (with the AFD wit the target band) provided the time durat of the deviation is limited. ccordingly, a 1-hour penalty deviation limit cu ative during the previ 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> is provided for operation outside of the targ band but within limits of Figure 3.2-1 while at THERMAL POWER levels be en 50K and X of RATED THERMAL POWER. For THERMAL POWER levels between 15K an X o ATED THERMAL POWER, deviations of the AFD outside of the target band are s significant. The penalty of 2 hours actual time reflects this r ced s'ficance. Provisions for monitori he AFD on an auto ic basis are derived from the plant process compute hrough the AFD Monitor A . The computer monitors the OPERABLE excore de ctor outputs and provides an ala message immediately if the AFD for two more OPERABLE excore channels are out e the target band. During operatio' THERMAL POWER levels between 50K and 90K a between 15K and 50K RATE ERMAL POWER, the computer outputs an alarm messag hen the penalty d ation accumulates beyond the limits of 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> and 2 hour2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> , respec vely. Figure B 3/4 2-1 shows a ty ical monthl t t b d. TURKEY POINT - UNITS 3 8 4 B 3/4 2-2 AMENDMENT NOS.137 AND 132 I,-'93-092 ~ Attachment 3 INSERT 4 At power level below P~, the limits on AFD are specified in the CORE OPERATING IIMITS REPORT (COLR) for RAOC operation. These limits were calculated in a manner such that expected operational transients, e.g., load follow operations, would not result in the AFD deviating outside of those limits. However, in the event that such a deviation occurs, a 15 minute period of time allowed outside of the AFD limits at reduced power levels will not result in significant xenon redistribution such that the envelope of peaking factors would change sufficiently to prevent operation in the vicinity of the power level. With P~ greater than 100%, two modes are permissible: 1) RAOC with fixed AFD limits as a function of reactor power level and 2) Base Load operation which is defined as the maintenance of the AFD within a band about a target value. Both the fixed AFD limits for RAOC operation and the target band for Base Load operation are defined in the COLR and the Peaking Factor Limit Report, respectively. However, it is possible during extended load following maneuvers that the AFD limits may result in restrictions in the maximum allowed power or AFD in order to guarantee operation with F~(Z) less than its limiting value. Therefore, P~ is calculated to be less than 100%. To allow operation at the maximum permissible value above P~, Base Load operation restricts the indicated AFD to a relative small target band and power swings. For Base Load operation, it is expected that the plant will operate within the target band. Operation outside of the target band for the short time period allowed (15 minutes) will not result in significant xenon redistribution such that the envelope of peaking factors will change sufficiently to prohibit continued operation in the power region defined above. To assure that there is no residual xenon redistribution impact from past operation on the Base Load operation, a 24-hour waiting period within a defined range of P~ and AFD allowed by RAOC is necessary. During this period, load changes and rod motion are restricted to that allowed by the Base Load requirement. After the waiting period, extended Base Load operation is permissible. Provisions for monitoring the AFD on an automatic basis are derived from the plant process computer through the AFD Monitoring Alarm. The computer monitors the OPERABLE excoze detector outputs and provides an alarm message immediately if the AFD for two or more OPERABLE excore channels aze: 1) outside the acceptable AFD (for RAOC operation), or 2) outside the acceptable AFD target band (for Base Load operation). These alarms are active when power is greater than: 1) 50% of RATED THERMAL POWER (for RAOC operation), or 2) P~ (Base Load operation). Penalty deviation minutes foz Base Load operation are not accumulated based on the short time period during which operation outside of the target band is allowed. I f 4 'i POWER DISTRIBUTION LIM BASES 95 75 70 2 TARGET FLUX DIFFERENCE x 25 15 10 -10m -Qa 0 Qc +1% R TURKEY POINT - UNITS 3 8 4 B 3/4 2-3 AMENDMENT NOS.137 AND 132 v Q> 3A"3Pg t sswmaw~aear.aw +tata'stus~ s ADMINI STRATI VE CONTROLS .PEAKING FACTOR LIMIT REPORT (Continued) Factor Limit Report, the Peaking Factor Limit Report shall be provided to the NRC Oocument Control desk with copies to the Regional Administrator and the Resident Inspector within 30 days of their implementation, unless otherwise approved by the Commission. The analytical methods used to generate the Peaking Factor limits shall be ~ those previously reviewed and approved by the NRC ~ If changes to these methods are deemed necessary they will be evaluated in accordance with 10 CFR 50.59 and submitted to the NRC for review and approval prior to their use if the change is determined to involve an unreviewed safety question or if such a change would require amendment of previously submitted documentation, T SPECIAL REPORTS S 6.9.2 Special reports shall be submitted to the Regional Administrator of the Regional Office of the NRC within the time period specified for each report as stated in the Specifications within Sections 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0.
- 6. 10 RECORD RETENTION 6.10.1 In addition to the applicable record retention requirements of Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, the following records shall be retained for at least the minimum period indicated,
- 6. 10.2 The following records shall be retained for at least 5 years:
- a. Records and logs of unit operation covering time interval at each power level;
- b. Records and logs of principal maintenance activities, inspections, repair, and replacement of principal items of equipment related to nuclear safety; C. All REPORTABLE EYENTS; Records of surveillance activities, inspections, and calibrations required by these Technical Specifications; Records of changes made to the procedures required by Specification 6.8.1; Records of radioactive shipments;
- 9. Records of sealed source and fission detector leak tests and results; and
- h. Records of annual physical inventory of all sealed source material of record.
6.10.3 The following records shall be retained for the duration of the unit Operating License: TURKEY POINT - UNITS 3 8 4 6-20 AMENDMENT NOS.137AND 132 3-~ aP:~A! ~ L-:93-092 INSERT 5 CORE OPERATING LIMITS REPORT 6.9.1.7 Core operating limits shall be established and documented in the CORE OPERATING LIMITS REPORT (COLR) befoze each reload cycle or any remaining part of a reload cycle for the Axial Flux Difference (AFD) Limits. The analytical methods used to determine the AFD limits shall be those previously reviewed and approved by the NRC in:
- 1. WCAP-10216-P-A, "RELAXATION OF CONSTANT AXIAL OFFSET CONTROL F~ SURVEILLANCE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION," June 1983.
- 2. WCAP-8385, "POWER DISTRIBUTION CONTROL AND LOAD FOLLOWING PROCEDURES TOPICAL REPORT," September 1974.
The AFD limits shall be determined such that all applicable limits of the safety analyses are met. The CORE OPERATING LIMITS REPORT, including any mid-cycle revisions or supplements thereto, shall be provided to the NRC Document Control Desk with copies to the Regional Administrator and the Resident Inspector, within 30 days after their implementation unless otherwise approved by the Commission. ATTACHMENT 4 TURKEY POINT UNIT 3 CYCLE 13 CORE OPERATING LIMITS REPORT Revi.si.an 0 L-'93-092 'ttachment 4 CORE OPERATXNG LXMXTS REPORT This Core Operating Limits Report (COLR) for Turkey Point Unit 3 Cycle 13 has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Technical Specifications 6.9.1.7. The Technical Specification affected by this report is: 3.2.1 Axial Flux Difference (AFD) The AFD (RAOC) limits has been developed using the NRC approved methodology specified in Technical Specification 6.9.1.7. The AFD Limits are provided in the attached figure. The RAOC AFD limits were generated assuming a Cycle 13 exposure greater than 6,000 MWD/MTU. Therefore, a note indicating the applicable exposure is included in the attached Figure. COLR for Turkey Point Unit 3 Cycle 13 120 (-1 0,100) (+7,100) 100 ~O 0 80 LU UNACCEPTABLE UNACCEPTABLE 0 Q. OPERATION OPERATION cK 60 Cl Llj (-30,50) (+25,50) K 0 o 40 0. ACCEPTABLE OPERATION 20 0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Axial Flux Difference (%) Only applicable after Cycle 13 Exposure of 6,000 MWD/MTU ATTACHMENT 5 TURKEY POINT UNIT 4 CYCLE 14 CORE OPERATING LIMITS REPORT Revision 0 L~93-092 CORE OPERATING LIMITS REPORT This Core Operating Limits Report, (COLR) for Turkey Point Unit 4 Cycle 14 has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Technical Specifications 6.9.1.7. The Technical Specification affected by this report is: 3.2.1 Axial Flux Difference (AFD) The AFD (RAOC) limits has been developed using the NRC approved methodology specified in Technical Specification 6.9.1.7. The AFD Limits are provided in the attached figure. COLR for Turkey Point Unit 4 Cycle 14 120 (-10,100) (+7,100) 100 80 UNACCEPTABLE UNACCEPTABLE O OPERATION OPERATION CC 60 P Q llj (-30,50) (+25,50) O o 40 G. ACCEPTABLE OPERATION 20 -50 40 -30 -20 -1 0 0 10 20 30 40 '0 Axial Flux Difference (%) g 0 ~ Cp r 1