ML17334A955
| ML17334A955 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Cook  |
| Issue date: | 02/03/1986 |
| From: | THERMO ELECTRON CORP. |
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| NUDOCS 8604210107 | |
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PING ISPING Particulate, Iodine and Noble Gas Monitor Detector Systems Technical Specification THE ATTACHED FILES ARE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE DIVISION OF DOCUMENT CONTROL.
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~ fDocament REGULATORYDOCKET PXLE A DIVISIQN QP 8b002iOi07 8b00i4 PDR ADOCK 05000315 PDR Thermo Eberline PT2 Electron CORPORATION
I
Thermo Eberline VTB Etectron PING/SPING CORPORATION PARTICULATE IODINE AND NOBLE GAS MONITOR DETECTOR SYSTEMS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION EBERLINE INSTRUMENT CORPORATION FEBRUARY 3, 1986 A.
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this technical specification is to describe each of the five possible detection channels on the Eberline PING (Particulate, Iodine and Noble Gas Monitor) and SPING (System Level PING) with respect to mechanical design, operational sensitivity, linearity, energy response, range and methods of primary and user calibration.
This information will allow the user to determine the applicability of the monitor to meet the requirements of various regulatory requirements for general effluent monitoring.
The final section is devoted to explaining the direct applicability of the SPING-4 monitor to meet the requirements of NUREG 0737 with regard to post accident wide range noble gas monitoring.
The technical specification section for each channel contains the following sections:
- 1. 'etector System:
Explains the physical detector system and monitoring environment for the channel including detector type, filter type or monitored gas volume, interfacing electronics, and modes of operation such as threshold settings and typical operating window width where applicable.
2.
Primary Calibration Methods:
Explains the methods by which the factory calibration was performed and methods of utilizing transfer standards to allow the user to utilize the primary calibration information without the necessity of repeating the primary calibration.
3.
Detector System Sensitivity:
Lists the sensitivity of the monitoring channel in terms of counts/min per activity concentration and the effects of external background sources on the monitoring channel.
4.
Detector System Range:
Utilizing the detector sensitivity and background information, the minimum and maximum operating range of the monitoring channel is given.
8866A/February 1986
@8ININ @tXBnz mI <
A 0 IVI Ig I ON OP Thermo Eberline V7r8 Electron CORPORATION 5.
Detector System Linearity:
The linearity of the monitoring channel is described.
6.
Detector Energy
Response
The energy response of the monitoring channel is described as well as the methods by which the energy response was determined.
B.
GENERAL MONITOR DESCRIPTION The PING and SPING monitors are microcomputer based effluent monitors
'esi~sad to monitor particotates and iodines over the range of I x 10-to 1 x 10-pCi/cm3 and noble gases over a wide range from 1 x 10-7 to 1 x 10~ with the PING-3 and SPING-3 monitors and up to 1 x 105 pCi/cm3 with the extended range SPING-4 monitor.
The microcomputer on the monitor provides the functions of data gathering, alarm posting, system integration (on the SPING) and
- pump, purge, and check source control.
A built-in gamma area monitor provides for remote indication of the exposure rate at the monitor as well as providing a background compensation signal to the microcomputer.
A solid-state mass flowmeter provides absolute and differential pressure information to the microcomputer.
This information is used to calculate mass sample flow and to correct the noble gas channel readings for sample pressure above or below standard atmospheric pressure for which the calibration is based.
Optional motor-driven purging valves allow the operator to place the monitor into a purge mode providing a very useful means of determining what portion of an elevated reading is due to monitor contamination (fixed background) and/or noble gases.
A portable terminal interface on the SPING or a built-in printer and keyboard on the PING allow the operator to locally interface with the monitor and perform normal maintenance, calibration and data request functions.
The SPING monitor, when connected in a system with central control terminal (s),
can be controlled remotely including such functions as purge and check source.
8866A/February 1986
A OIVISION OF Thermo Eberline V7B Electron C0 R 0 0 RATIO N There are up to nine digital detector channels and two analog input channels used on the PING/SPING monitors.
The following is a list of these channels and their function:
CHANNEL CHANNEL DESCRIPT ION 1
2 3
5 6
7 8
9 14 15 Beta Particulate (Beta Scintillator)
Beta Particulate Bkg. (Diffused Junction Alpha)
( NaI)
Iodine Background (shared NaI)
Low Range Noble Gas (Beta Scintillator)
Gamma Area Monitor (Energy Comp.
G-M)
Mid Range Noble Gas (Energy Comp.
G-M)
Noble Gas Bkg.
(Imbedded Energy Comp.
G-M)
High Range Noble Gas (Energy Comp.
G-M) (SPING-4)
Analog Transducer (Absolute Sample Pressure)
Analog Transducer (Mass Sample Flow - Calculated)
C.
BETA PARTICULATE CHANNEL
- 1. Detector System:
The particulate channel utilizes a Model RDA-3A beta scintillation detector connected to a Model IB-2 detector interface box. The RDA-3A is mounted inside a Model SA-13 lead-shielded sampler assembly providing three inches of lead shielding in a four pi configuration to minimize the effects of external gamma sources.
A'odel CSM-1 motor-driven check sourgp mechanism fitted with a Model CS-17 (approximately 30 pCi 1~1Cs) source is installed on this channel to provide periodic operational testing of the detector system.
The RDA-3A detector views the back side of a 47 mm diameter membrane type filter on which the sample stream particulates are collected.
The front side of the filter is viewed by a solid-state diffused junction alpha detector whose signal is supplied to the microcomputer for the purpose of removing the background from naturally occurring radioactivity from the particulate channel reading.
The RDA-3A uses a 2 inch diameter by 0.010 inch thick Pilot-B plastic scintillator with a 1.6 mg/cm2 aluminized mylar window. This crystal is coupled to a 2 inch diameter, 10 dynode photomultiplier tube.
The outer sleeve of the scintillation detector is made of aluminum.
A stainless steel version is available.
0-ring seals internal to the sampler assembly provide the air tight seal necessary to prevent ambient air from being drawn into the sample chamber.
Lead doors mounted on hinges to allow access to the detector shield the back of the detector assembly.
8866A/Februa ry 1986
A DIVISION 0 I.
Thermo Eberline VTB Etectron CORPORATION The IB-2 interface box contains the following plug-in cards:
a.
a high voltage card to convert the +12 Vdc power from the microcomputer to the proper high voltage for the RDA-3S b.
an amplifier card to amplify the signal from the photomultiplier tube c.
a combination pulse height discriminator and line driver card which provides pulse height discrimination and a 50 ohm line driver to interface the counting signal (pulses) to the microcomputer.
The IB-2 di scrimi nator card is operated in a gross counting mode (above a 100 keV threshold) with the window switched "out".
The output signal from the line driver is a square edged wave which changes TTL state (high or low) at each detector count;
- 2. Primary Calibration Methods:
Primary calibration of the beta particulate channel is no different from normal calibration.
This involves placing a plated 47 mm diameter Tc source,(or other beta emitting source) which is NBS traceable inside the filter holder behind the filter paper.'n this way the beta particles will transverse the filter during calibration just as they do during actual operation.
A very realistic primary calibrati'on which is easy for the user to reproduce is obtained in this fashion.
- 3. Detector System Sensitivity:
137Cs 5 cpm/h for.1 x 10-11 Ci/cm3 Sr-Y - 8.8 cpm/h for 1 x 10-1~ itCi/cm 99Tc
- 3.8 cpm/h for 1 x 10-11 pCi/cm3 The above sensitivities are based on a sampling flow rate of 60 liters/min which is the normal sampling rate of this monitor.
The sensitivity is expressed in cpm/h since this is the resulting count rate from operating the monitor for one hour in an airborne concentration of the specified isotope at the specified concentration.
The nominal background is approximately 25 cpm fixed detector background plus 10 cpm/mR/h of external 137Cs field.
- 4. Detector System Range:
The operational range of the beta particulate channel is nominally from 1 x 10-11 to 1 x 10-6 pCi/cm3.
8866A/February 1986
A OIVISION OF Thermo Eberline VTB Electron CORPORATION The minimum detectable count rate (counts/min) is determined to be two sigma above the non-elevated ambient background count rate.
The minimum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the minimum detectable count rate by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per pCi/cm3.
The maximum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the maximum count rate allowed by the monitor microcomputer before flagging the channel as high failed (1.02 x 106 counts/min) by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per p Cl/cllP,
- 5. Detector System Linearity:
Tive scintillation detector used in the par ticulate channel has a dead time of only a few microseconds resulting in less than 5 percent non-linearity through the high fail count rate of 1.02 million counts/min.
A linearity response curve for the RDA-3A detector is included in the appendix.
- 6. Detector Energy
Response
The energy response of the RDA-3A detector was determined through the use of a set of NBS traceable beta standards.
The energy response was first determined (in air) by measuring the response per beta flux versus energy.
Energy response relative to measurement of collection filters was then determined by fitting the energy response curve to three points obtained by placing plated sources into the monitor.
The energy response is flat (plus or minus 30 percent) from 100 keV to 2 MeV as shown in the RDA-3A energy response curve included in the appendi x.
D.
IODINE CHANNEL
- 1. Detector System:
The iodine channel utilizes a Model RDA-2A gamma scintillation detector connected to a Model IB-2 detector interface box.
The RDA-2A is mounted in the second position of the Model SA-13 lead-shielded sampler assembly providing three inches of lead shielding in a four pi configuration to minimize the effects of external gamma sources.
The RDA-2A detector views a 2 inch diameter by 3/4 inch thick charcoal or silver zeolite iodine collection cartridge through which the sample flows.
8866A/February 1986
A DIVISION OF Thermo Eberline V7B Electron CORPORATION A Model CSM-1 motor-driven check source mechanism fitted with a Model CS-18 (approximately 0.5 pCi >33Ba) source is installed on this channel to provide periodic operational testing of the iodine detector system.
The RDA-2S detector is a
2 inch diameter by 2 inch thick thallium activated sodium iodide crystal coupled to a 2 inch, 10 dynode photomultiplier tube.
A small 24IAm seed is fitted inside the crystal to provide a gain stabilization pulse to the IB-2 stabilization card.
The outer sleeve of the scintillation detector is aluminum.
A stainless steel version is available.
0-ring seals internal to the sampler assembly provide the air tight seal necessary to prevent ambient air from being drawn into the sample chamber.
Lead doors mounted on hinges to allow access to the detector shield the back of the detector assembly.
The IB-2 interface box contains the following plug-in cards:
a.
a high voltage card to convert the
+12 Vdc power from the microcomputer to the proper high voltage for the RDA-3S b.
an amplifier card to amplify the signal from the photomul tiplier tube c.
two combination pulse height discriminator and line driver
. cards which provide pulse height discrimination and a 50 ohm line driver to interface the counting signal (pulses) and background signal to the microcomputer d.
a gain stabilization card to minimize discriminator drift due to aging and/or temperature effects The IB-2 discriminator cards are operated in a "window" mode with a base level threshold and an adjustable window.
The normal set-up of the iodine channel utilizes a 50 keY wide window centered about the 364 keV photon which predominates the I3>I photon emissions.
A second window of equal width (50 keV) is set up approximately 120 keV above the iodine window to count iodine background.
The use of this channel for live background compensation is described below.
The dual channel IB-2 to the microcomputer.
al ternating pol arity, low) at each detector used for the iodine channel outputs two signals Each detector signal is a square edged wave, TTL level signal which changes state (high or count.
8866A/February 1986
A OIVISION OP
~ Thermo Eberline V/B Electron COAPORATION
- 2. Primary Calibration Methods:
Tests involving the implantation of 131I into the iodine cartridge have been performed to understand the relation between the use of a plated calibration source and actual iodine within the collection cartridge.
Through these tests, Eberline has determined that the
,detector sensitivity obtained through the use of a plated source in front of the iodine cartridge must be corrected for the average photon attenuation which occurs when iodine is evenly distributed within the collection cartridge.
For this correction the sensitivity in cpm/pCi/cm3 obtained through the use of a plated source is multiplied by 0.71 to correct for the expected 29 percent attenuation.
Transfer calibration of the iodine channel is accomplished with a 47ran diameter plated 133Ba source placed in front of the iodine cartridge which resides in the iodine cartridge holder.
The obtained sensitivity is corrected for photon attenuation as previously explained and the difference in photon emission's per disintegration between 133Ba and 131I.
The latter correction is made by multiplying the sensitivity by 1.19.
- 3. Detector System Sensitivity:
The nominal sensitivity of this channel is 3.5 cpm/h for 1 x 10-11 uCi/cm3 of 131I.
This sensitivity is based on the recommended operating flow rate of 60 liters/min.
The sensitivity is expressed in cpm/h since this is the resulting count rate from operating the monitor for one hour in an airborne concentration at the specified
- concentration.
The nominal background is 45 cpm plus 15 cpm per mR/h of external 13"Cs fiel d.
- 4. Detector System Range:
The operational range of the iodine channel is nominally from 10-11 to 10-6 pCi/cm3.
The minimum detectable count rate (counts/min) is determined to be two sigma above the non-elevated ambient background count rate.
The minimum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the minimum detectable count rate by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per pCi/cm3.
The maximum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the maximum count rate allowed by the monitor microcomputer before flagging the channel as high failed (1.02 x 106 counts/min) by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per pCi/cm3.
8866A/February 1986
A OIVISION OF
~ Thermo Eberline VlB Electron COAPOAATION
- 5. Detector System Linearity:
The gamma scintillation detector used on the iodine channel has a
very short dead time of only a few microseconds resulting in a less than 5 percent non-linearity through the high fail count rate of 1.02 million counts/min.
A RDA-2A linearity response curve is included in the appendix.
- 6. Detector Energy
Response
While NaI scintillation detectors are very energy dependent, the use of pulse height analysis on this channel to define the calibration ra'nge prevents this from being a
problem.'.
LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS CHANNEL 1; Detector System:
The Low Range Noble Gas channel utilizes a Model RDA-3A beta scintillation detector connected to a Model IB-2 detector interface box.'he RDA-3A is mounted in the third position of the Model SA-13 lead shielded sampler assembly providing three inches of lead shielding in a four pi configuration to minimize the effects of external gamma sources.
The RDA-3A detector views a 270 cm3 gas chamber through which the sample flows.
A Model CSM-1 motor-driv'en check source mechanism fitted with a Model CS-18 (approximately 30 pCi 137Cs) source is installed on the SA-13 to provide periodic operational testing of the detector system.
The RDA-3A uses a 2 inch diameter by 0.010 inch thick Pilot-B plastic scintillator with a 1.6 mg/cm aluminized mylar window. This crystal is coupled to a 2 inch diameter, 10 dynode photomultiplier tube.
The outer sleeve of the scintillation detector is made of aluminum.
A stainless steel version is available.
0-ring seals internal to the sampler assembly provide the air tight seal necessary to prevent ambient air from being drawn into the sample chamber.
Lead doors mounted on hinges to allow access to the detector shield the back of the detector assembly.
The IB-2 interface box contains the following plug-in cards:
a.
a high voltage card to convert the +12 Vdc power from the microcomputer to the proper high voltage for the RDA-3S 8866A/February 1986
A O IVI8 I ON OI-
~ Thermo Eberline 7/B Electron CORPORATION b.
an amplifier card to amplify the signal from the photomul tipl.ier tube c.
a combination pulse height discriminator and line driver card which provides pulse height discrimination and a 50 ohm line driver to interface the counting signal (pulses) and background signal to the microcomputer The IB-2 discriminator card is operated in a gross counting mode (above a 100 keV threshold) with the window switched "out".The output signal from the line driver is a square edged wave which changes TTL state (high or low) at each detector count.
Note that since the counting electronics in the microcomputer register a single count with each full wave transition, two counts at the detector correspond to only one count at the micr ocomputer.
- 2. Primary Calibration Methods:
The low range noble gas channel primary calibration was performed by introducing known concentrations of several isotopes into the gas
- sample chamber.
At the time of gas calibration,'he sensitivity (efficiency) of the detector to a plated 99Tc source was also determined.
The user is expected to use the transfer standard method of calibration by utilizing the 9 Tc source installed in the beta particulate filter holder.
This holder, with the transfer source installed, is inserted in place of the mid range noble gas detector normally facing the low range detector for a highly reproducible geometry.
The detector efficiency is then compared to that of the original detector for which the primary calibration data was collected.
The ratio of efficiencies between these two detectors provides a direct cross reference to the primary gas calibration.
- 3. Detector System Sensitivity:
The nominal sensitivity of this channel is 28 cpm for 1 x 10-6 pCi/cm3 of 133Xe or 41 cpm for the same concentration of 85Kr at atmospheric pressure.
The nominal background is 25 cpm plus 10 cpm per mR/h of external 137Cs fiel d.
- 4. Detector System Range:
The operational range of the low range noble gas channel is nominally from 10-7 to 10-2 pCi/cm3 (133Xe).
8866A/February 1986
i A DIVISION OF
~ Thermo Eberline P/B Electron CORPORATION The minimum detectable count rate (counts/min) is determined to be two sigma above the non-elevated ambient background count rate.
The minimum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the minimum detectable count rate by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per pCi/cm3.
The maximum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the maximum count rate allowed by the monitor microcomputer before flagging the channel as high failed (1.02 x 106 counts/min) by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per pCi/cm3.
- 5. Detector System Linearity:
The scintillation detector used in the low range noble gas channel has a
dead time of only a few microseconds resulting in less than 5
percent non-linearity through the high fail count rate of 1.02 million counts/min.
A linearity response curve for the RDA-3A detector is-included in the appendix.
- 6. Detector Energy Response:
The energy response of the RDA-3A detector was determined through the use of a set of NBS traceable solid source beta standards.
This data was then fitted to several known primary gas calibration points to produce the gas energy response curve for the RDA-3A included in the appendix.
The energy response for this detector is flat (plus or minus 30 percent) from 100 keV to 2 MeV.
E.,
MID RANGE NOBLE GAS CHANNEL
- 1. Detector System:
The Mid Range Noble Gas channel utilizes a Model NGD-1 detector which is an energy compensated G-M tube mounted within a 233 mg/cm2 lucite cap.
The NGD-1 detector is interfaced to a Model IB-4A detector interface box.
The NGD-1 detector is designed to monitor the photon emissions from the defined gas volume.
The use of a lucite cap provides good beta attenuation and because of its low atomic number, has a very low efficiency for bremmstrahlung photon production.
The NGD-1 detector is mounted in the third (right-most) position within the SA-13 lead shielded sampler assembly facing to the front of the monitor. The continuity of the lead shielding in the SA-13 is maintained by the three inch cylindrical lead block which forms the end of the detector. 0-ring seals internal to the sampler assembly
~
~
rovide the air tight seal necessary to prevent ambient air from ei ng drawn into the sample chamber.
8866A/February 1986 A OIVISION OI
~ Thermo Eberline tlat Electron 0 0 R R 0 R ATI0 N The IB-4A detector interface box performs the functions of generating the high voltage (from the 12 Vdc supplied by the monitor) needed by the detector and processing of the detector pulses resulting in their output through a 50 ohm line driver. The signal from the line driver is a square edged wave which changes TTL state (high or low) at each detector count.
- 2. Primary Calibration Methods:
The mid range noble gas channel primary calibration was performed by
'ntroducing known concentrations of several isotopes into the gas sample chamber.
At the time of gas calibration, thy sensitivity (efficiency) of the detector to a known field of 13ICs source was also determined.
The user is expected to use the trygsfer standard method of calibration by placing the detector in a 1~1Cs gamma field through the use of a stick source, gamma calibrator or a gamma well.
The detector efficiency is then compared to that of the original detector for which the primary calibration data was collected.
The ratio of efficiencies between these two detectors provides a direct cross reference to the primary gas calibration.
3.'etector System Sensitivity:
Thy nominal sensitivity of this channel is 685 gpm for 1 pCi/cm3 of Xe or 61 cpm for the same concentration of
~Kr at atmospheric pressure.
The nominal background i's 0.5 cpm plus 1
cpm per mR/h of external 60Co field;
- 4. Detector System Range:
The operytional range of thy mid range noble gas channel is nominally from 10-~ to 102 pCi/cm~ (1~ Xe).
The minimum detectable count rate (counts/min) is determined to be two sigma above the non-elevated ambient background count rate.
The minimum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the minimum detectable count rate by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per pCi/cm3.
The maximum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the maximum count rate allowed by the monitor microcomputer before flagging the channel as high failed (1.02 x 106 counts/min) by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per pCi/cm3.
8866A/February 1986 A OIVI8ION OP Thermo Eberiine VTB Etectron CORPORATION
- 5. Detector System Linearity:
The energy compensated G-M detector used in this channel has a fairly large dead time (over 100 usec) which causes noticeable counting losses in the top decade of operation.
The counting losses as a
result of non-linearity at the top end of operation is approximately 20 percent which should be accounted for when readings are obtained from this decade.
A linearity response curve for this detector is included in the appendix.
- 6. Detector Energy
Response
The energy response of the detector used for this channel is within plus or minus 15 percent of the true field with respect to exposure rate over a range from 40 keV to approximately 3 MeV.
An energy response curve for this detector is included in the appendix.
F.
HIGH RANGE NOBLE GAS CHANNEL
- 1. Detector System:
The High Range Noble Gas channel monitor utilizes an energy compensated G-M tube monitoring a section of 0.035 inch thick 1 inch o.d. stainless steel pipe. This detector is interfaced to a Model IB-4A detector interface box.
The entire detector assembly including the rotary solenoid check source mechanism is mounted within the SA-9 lead-shielded sampler assembly providing three inches of shielding in a four pi configuration.
The check'source utilized in this configuration is a 0.7 pCi 9 Sr-Y plated to the end of a stainless steel plug.
The High Range detector is designed to monitor the photon emissions from the defined gas volume.
Beta particle attenuation in the steel pipe viewed by the detector prevents this channel from being sensitive to beta particles with the exception of some bremmstrahlung production.
The IB-4A detector interface box performs the functions of generating the hi gh voltage (from the 12 Vdc supplied by the monitor) needed by the detector and processing of the detector pulses resulting in their output thr ough a 50 ohm line driver.
It also provides the check source control signal to the check source mechanism when the proper signal is received from the microcomputer.
The signal from the line driver is a square edged wave which changes TTL state (high or low) at each detector count.
8866A/February 1986 A OIVISION OP Thermo Eberline VTB Electron CORPORATION
- 2. Primary Calibration Methods:
Normal calibration of the high range noble gas channel is a primary calibration performed by replacing the sample stream piping with a sealed section of 1 inch o.d. tubing filled with 85Kr.
Since this standard utilizes the same sample volume, wall thickness, etc. as the original counting configuration a very accurate calibration is obtained.
Eberline has also performed primary calibrations with Xe which can be gfilized by transferring the detector sensitivity to the ~~Kr standard to the 13~Xe primary calibration.
3.. Detector System Sensitivity:
The nominal sensitivity of this channel is 8.4 cpm for 1 pCi/cm3 of 133Xe or 2.3 cpm for the same concentration of 8~Kr at atmospheric pressure.
'I he nominal background is 0.5 cpm plus 1 cpm per mR/h of external 0Co field.
- 4. Detector System Range:
The operational range of the beta high range noble gas channel is nominally from 1 to 10 pCi/cm3
(
Xe).
The minimum detectable count rate (counts/min) is determined to be two sigma above the non-.elevated ambient background count rate.
The minimum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the mi nimum detectable count rate by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per pCi/cm3.
The maximum detectable concentration is determined by dividing the maximum count rate allowed by the monitor microcomputer before flagging the channel as high failed
( 1.02 x 106 counts/min) by the channel sensitivity in counts/min per pCi/cm~..
- 5. Detector System Linearity:
The energy compensated G-M detector used in this channel has a fairly large dead time (over 100 usec) which causes noticeable counting losses in the top decade of operation.
The counting losses as a
result of non-linearity at the top end of operation is approximately 20 percent which should be accounted for when readings are obtained from this decade.
A linearity response curve for this detector is included in the appendix.
8866A/February 1986 A OIVISION OF
~ Thermo Eberline VTB Electron CO4PO4ATION
- 6. Detector Energy
Response
The energy response of the detector used for this channel is within plus or minus 20 percent of the true field with respect to exposure rate over a range from 100 keV to approximately 3 MeV.
An energy response curve for this detector is included in the appendix.
G.
GAMMA AREA MONITORING CHANNEL
- 1. Detector System:
The gama area monitor is a Model DA1-1-CC which utilizes an energy compensated G-M detector with an integral solenoid-driven check source.
The check source is a Model CS-19 threaded plug which contains approximately 0.3 pCi of 90Sr-90Y.
The range of the DAl-1-CC is from 0.01 to 100 mR/hr.'ts G-M tube has a sensitivity of approximately 1200 counts/min per mR/hr.
The DA1-1-CC contains its own high voltage supply, pulse amplifier and line driver. The output signal from the line driver is a square edged wave which changes TTL state (high or low) at each detector count.
H.
FLOW AND PRESSURE TRANSDUCER As part of operating the monitor in derived concentration mode, the microcomputer must have access to information concerning the sample flow rate through the monitor.
In addition, the microcomputer automatically performs a pressure correction on the gas monitoring channels to correct for the error caused from operating the monitor at a slight negative pressure when the gas calibration was performed or corrected to atmospheric pressure.
A solid-state flow and pressure transducer is mounted on the monitor between the pump and the last monitoring channel to provide the necessary information to the microcomputer.
The sensor measures both the absolute pressure of the sample and the differential pressure across a flow orifice.
This information is passed to the microcomputer in the form of two 4-20 mA current loops.
The microcomputer takes this information and calculates the sample mass flow rate.
Channels 14 (absolute pressure) and 15 (calculated mass flow) are used to display this information on the microcomputer.
8866A/February 1986
A OIVISION OP
~ Thermo Eberline V/B Electron CORPORATION I.
MONITOR APPLICABILITY TO NUREG 0737 REQUIREMENTS The following discussion relates directly to the requirements of section II.F.1 and table II.F.1-1 of the November 1980 edition of NUREG 0737, "Clarification of TMI Action Plan Requirements".
- l. 0737 Requirement:
Noble gas effluent monitoring shall be provided for e
o a range of concentration extending from normal condition (as low as reasonably achievable) concentrations to a maximum of 105 pCi/cm3 (133Xe).
The range capacity of individual monitors should overlap by a factor of ten.
SPING-4 Ca ability: As shown in the graph included in the appendix labeled Monitoring Ranges of Three Channel Gas Monitor", a monitor equipped with low, mid and high range noble gas monitoring channels such as the SPING-'4 is capable of monitoring 133xe equivalent concentrations of noble gases from 10-7 to 105 pCi/cm3 with at least a one decade overlap between channels.
2.
0737 Re uirement:
The sampling design criteria shall be per ANSI N13.
SPING-4 Ca ability: These monitors are designed per the recommen ations o
ANSI N13.1 with a minimum of plumbing bends prior to the sample reaching the particulate collection filter to minimize the plate-out of particulate material.
Installations utilizing Eberline designed and supplied sampling probes are likewise designed per ANSI N13.1 taking into account the velocity and flow rate of both the sampled stack and the sample stream as well as the diameter of the sample stack.
Doing this results in probes with the correct number of sampling points (nozzles) for a representative sample and the correct nozzle diameter for matching the velocity of the stack stream to the sample stream reducing particle size discrimination.
0737 Requirement:
Calibrate monitors using gamma detectors to
~3 e equsva en Calibrate monitors using beta detectors to 90Sr or similar long-lived beta isotope of at least 0.2 h1eV.
SPING-4 Capability: As explained in the above sections, the mid and sg range e ec ors are gamma sensitive detectors which are calibrated with 133Xe.
The low range beta sensitive detector is calibrated by the user with a transfer standard of 99Tc which has a
maximum beta energy of 0.292 MeV and a half-life of 2 x 105 years.
8866A/February 1986 A DIVI8ION OP Thermo Eberline VTB Electron CORPORATION 4.
0737 Re uirement: Display shall be continuous and recording as equsva ent Xe concentrations or pCi/cm3 of actual noble gases.
SPING-4 Capability: The SPING-4 monitor is equipped with a front pane d>gita readout which provides continuous display of the gas concentration for any channel.
Each unit will also log ten-minute or hourly detail
'averages to the system printer in a continuous fashion.
- 5. 0737 Requirement:
The instrument shall provide sufficiently accura response o perform the intended function in the environment to which they will be exposed during an accident.
SPING-4 Ca ability: Eberline will consult with the client concerning e envsronmenta range over which the monitor is expected to function to aid in proper location of the monitors resulting in long-term service and reliable operation.
8866A/February 1986 A DIVISION OP
~ Thermo Eberline V/B Electron CORPORATION APPENDI X
1.
MONITORING RANGES OF THREE CHANNEL GAS MONITOR 2.
RDA-3X BETA PARTICULATE ENERGY RESPONSE CURVE 3.
RDA-3X LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS ENERGY RESPONSE CURVE 4.
RDA-3X LINEARITY RESPONSE CURVE 5.
RDA-2X LINEARITY RESPONSE CURVE 6.
MID AND HIGH RANGE NOBLE GAS ENERGY RESPONSE CURVE 7.
MID AND HIGH RANGE NOBLE GAS LINEARITY RESPONSE CURVE 8.
PRIMARY CALIBRATION REPORT LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS 9.
PRIMARY CALIBRATION REPORT - MID RANGE NOBLE GAS 10.
PRIMARY CALIBRATION REPORT - HIGH RANGE NOBLE GAS 8866A/February 1986 C
MONITORING RANGES GF THREE CHANNEL GAS MONITOR HRNG IE 1
TO 1E5 u i/cc LRNG MDC AT10 m /h B
G.
MRN 1E 3
TO 1E2 uCi/cc MDC AT 10 m /h B
G.
1E 7
TO E-2 Ci/cc MDC T 10 R/h BKG.
1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 1E-2 1E-1 1EO 1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+5 Xe133 CONCENTRATION (uCi/ccrc
~
fh P J p
ENERGY RESPONSE CURVE RDA-3X BETA PARTICULATE 10.0 Sr-1.0 0.1 0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0 MAXIMUM AVERAGE BETA ENERGY (MEV)
(INCLUDES CONVERSION ELECTRONS)
10, ENERGY RESPONSE CURVE MID AND HIGH RANGE NOBLE GAS CHANNELS L
~o E o 1.0 bJ e CL ~
I bJ n E LtJ~o 0.1 IO 0.01 0.01 0.1 1.0 PHOTON ENERGY (MeV)
A MID RANGE B HIGH RANGE 10
1,000 ENERGY RESPONSE CURVE RDA3X L0% RANGE NOBLE GAS 100 10 1.0 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 MAXIMUM AVERAGE BETA ENERGY (MEV)
(mnUDEs comvzRsrom ELEcTRoms)
100,000K LINEARITY RESPONSE CURVE RDA3X BETA SCINTILLATION DETECTOR 10,000K 1,000K 100K O
A 10K 1K 0.1mR/h 1mR/h 10mR/h 100mR/h 1R/h 10R/h 100R/h 1,000R/h 10,000R/h GAMMA EXPOSURE RATE (Cs 137)
10,000K I INEARITY RESPONSE CURVE RDA2X GAMMA SCINTILLATION DETECTOR pR 1,000K rnQ
ÃQ Op oo 100K I4~
A 10K 100R/h 10R/h 0.01mR/h 0.1mR/h 1mR/h 10mR/h 100mR/h 1R/h GAhfhfA EXPOSURE RATE (Cs137)
THRESHOLD: 335 keV WINDOW: "OUT" Am SEED + BKG COUNT RATE: 58K CPM DETECTOR RESPONSE HAS SEED AND BKG SUBTRACTED
10,000K LINEARITY RESPONSE CURVE MID AND HIGH RANGE NOBLE GAS DETECTORS 1,000K 100K O
O Cl 10K 1K 0.1K 0.1mR/h 1mR/h 10mR/h 100mR/h 1R/h 10R/h 100R/h 1,000R/h 10,000R/h GAMMA EXPOSURE, RATE (Cs 137)
WO.
OVAW. 'rCa.
DESCIIlrTIOH oT-/
CHO
- APP, DATC Scg/a coul
'~C
/Vu>> l>~~
~i+ S /40vv-~l DRSCIIIFTION
'c DATC DY CH'lC EBERLINE STRUMENT CORPORATION CH'IL PIIO4.
tNOo APP.
DIMENSIONALTOI EltAN R5 UNLK55 OTHERSISK SPECIFIKO SA-13 LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS BETA DETECTION PRIMARY CALIBRATION WITH NOBLE GAS ALtO UttD ON tFP, WITH DEC.
ANO.
XXXX+OO5 X.IX%.0 I5 tCALC 12000-A 21 Sheet 1 of k2
SA-13 LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS BETA DETECTOR PRIMARY CALIBRATION WITH NOBLE GAS A.
PURPOSE To determine the sensitivity of the low range beta detector (model RDA-3A) to 133Xe and B5Kr gas in the SA-13 sampler assembly.
B.
NTERIALS AND E UIPbKNT USED 1.
SA-13, S.N.
224 2.
RDA-3A, S.N. 466 3.
IB-2, S.N.
970 4.
Absolute Pressure
- Gauge, Wallace and Tiernan, S.N.
FA16-LL09217 NOTE:
The sampler was mounted in an Eberline Model PING-3 Air Monitor.
Data was taken using the PING-3 Microcomputer.
The calibration constant was 1.00EOO.
Since the electronics divides the count rate by 2, all data, except that in the conclusion, is one-half the detector value.
C.
SOURCES USED 1.
137Cs Stick Source No. EI-119 2.
99Technetium Electroplated Disc Source No. S-2752 (Certificate Enclosed) 3.
B5Kr Gaseous Calibration Standard S.N.
65113 (Certificate Enclosed) 4.
133Xe Gaseous Calibration Standard S.N.
65114 (Certificate Enclosed)
NOTE:
All sources used are indirectly traceable to NBS.
D.
PROCEDURE 1.
The plated 99Tc source was placed in the RDS-1 particulate filter holder and installed in the SA-13 in place of the mid-range Noble Gas Detector (NGD-1).
This procedure assures a repeatable geometry between the source and the beta detector.
See the data section for results.
2.
The RDA-3A was removed from the SA-13 and exposed to various gamma field intensities to verify detector linearity (cpm vs. mR/h).
See the data section for results.
Page 2
2957A/Revision/Jan 1984
SA-13 LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS BETA DETECTOR PRIMARY CALIBRATION WITH NOBLE GAS 3.
The sampler was filled via the PING-3 air inlet fitting.
The absolute pressure gauge was placed between the regulator output isolation valve and the inlet fitting using a "T" fitting and plastic tubing.
An isolation valve was placed between the SA-13 exhaust and the air pump.
The air pump exhaust was vented to the roof via plastic tubing.
The sampler was filled by evacuating the system using the air pump with the regulator isolation valve closed.
The system was then filled from the gas bottle by opening the regulator isolation valve.
The display was monitored, and when no increase in count rate was
- observed, the sampler was assumed full of noble gas and the exhaust isolation valve was closed.
The system was left filled for approximately one hour while data was collected in the microcomputer history files.
E.
DATA 20 The average background of the RDA-3A in the SA-13 (with 4n shielding) was found to be 42.9 cpm.
Reference to 99Tc (S-2752) a.
First data point, 2/24/82:
99Tc = 1.38 x 103 cpm b.
Second data point, 2/26/82:
99Tc = 1.41 x 103 cpm c.
Average:
99Tc = 1.395 x 103 cpm d.
Source Value:
99Tc = 35,044 cpm e.
Efficiency:
99Tc = 1.395 x 103 cpm 42.9 c m
BKG 1.352 x 10 cpm 1.352 x 103 cpm divided by 35,044 cpm
= 3.86 percent efficient 3-133Xe, S.N.
65114 a.
Concentration at 1200 PST, 1/29/82:
= 0.226
))Ci/cm3
{STP) b.
Half Life:
5.271 Days c.
First Data Point, 3/1/82:
DAYS
~31 da s
I 64.6931(y>g LaYa) a4.6931[
6 221
)
1 692 s 1P-2 IO 2957A/Revision/Jan 1984 Page 3
SA-13 LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS BETA DETECTOR PRIMARY CALIBRATION WITH NOBLE GAS 1.697 x 10-2 x 0.226 pCi/cm3 = 3.834 x 10 3 pCi/cm3 on 3/1/82.
This concentration (3.834 x 10-3 pCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of 4.62 x 104 cpm in the SA-13, when filled to a pressure of of 610 mm.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the RDA-3A is:
4 4.62 x 10 42.9 c
m 1.204 x 10 cpm/uCi/cm 3.834 x 10 pci/cm Corrected to standard pressure:
760 7
3 7
x 1.204 x 10 cpm/uCi/cm 1.499 x 10 or 14.99 cpm/pCi/cm 3 d.
Second Data Point, 3/2/82:
32da a
a 271 1.488 x 10 1.488 x 10-2 x 0.226 pCi/cm3 3.362 x 10-3 pCi/cm3 on 3/2/82.
This concentration (3.362 x 10-3 pCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of 3.83 x 104 cpm in the SA-13, when filled to a pressure of 610 mm.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the RDA-3A is:
3.83 x 10 42.9 c
m
].138 x 10 cpm/uCi/cm 3.362 x 10 uCi/cm Corrected to standard pressure:
x 1.138 x 10 cpm/pCi/cm
= 1.417 x 10 or 14.17 cpm/pCi/cm 760 7
'3=
7
~
3 e.
Third Data Point, 3/5/82:
e 5.271
= 1.003 x 10
-0.6931(~)
-2 1.003 x 10-2 x 0.226 qCi/cm3 = 2.266 x 10-3 pCi/cm3 on 3/5/82.
This concentration (2.266 x 10-3 uCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of 2.56 x 104 cpm in the SA-13, when filled to a pressure of 605 mm.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the RDA-3A is:
Page 4
2957A/Revision/Jan 1984
SA-13 LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS BETA DETECTOR PRIMARY CALIBRATION WITH NOBLE GAS 4
1.128 x 10 cpm/yCi/cm 2.266 x 10 pCi/cm Corrected to standard pressure:
x 1.128 x 10 cpm/uCi/cm
= 1.417 x 10 or 14.17 cpm/pCi/cm 760 7
3 7
3 605 f.
Fourth Data Point, 3/11/82:
41da s
a 5 271
~ = 4.555 x 10 4.555 x 10-3 x 0.226 pCi/cm3 1.029 x 10-3 pCi/cm3 on 3/11/82.
This concentration (1.029 x 10-3 pCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of 1.08 x 104 cpm in the SA-13, when filled to a pressure of 605 mm.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the RDA-3A is:
4 1.% x 10 - 42.9 c
m 1 045 x 107 cpm/uCi/cm 1.029 x 10 uCi/cm Corrected to standard pressure:
~65 x 1.045 x 10 cpm/uCi/cm
= 1.313 x 10 or 13.13 cpm/pCi/cm 760 7
3 7
3 g.
The average sensitivity of the RDA-3A to 133Xe is:
Data Point 2.
3 ~
14.99 cpm/pCi/cm3 (3/1/82) 14.17 cpm/pCi/cm3 (3/2/82) 14.17 cpm/pCi/cm (3/5/82) 13.13 cpm/pCi/cm3 (3/ll/82)
Average
= 14.11 cpm/pCi/cm3 2957A/Revision/Jan 1984 Page 5
SA-13 LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS BETA DETECTOR PRIMARY CALIBRATION WITH NOBLE GAS 4.
- 85Kr, S,.N.
65113 a.=
Concentr ation on 1/1/82:
1.42 x 10-3 pCi/cm3 (STP) b.
Half Life:
10.72 Years c.
First Data Point, 2/24/82:
Days
~54 0
0.6933(~35)
-0.6931(10
)p 5) p ppp IO 0.990 x 1,42 x 10-3 pCi/cm3 1.406 x 10-3 pCi/cm3 on 2/24/82.
.'This concentration (1.406 x 10-3 pCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of 2.25 x 104 cpm in the SA-13, when filled to a pressure of 610 mm.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the RDA-3A is:
4 2.25 x 10 42.9 c m
1.597 x 10 cpm/pCi/cm 1.406 x 10 pCi/cm Corrected to standard pressure:
760 7
3 7
x 1.597 x 10 cpm/pCi/cm 1.989 x 10 or 19.89 cpm/pCi/cm 3 d.
Second Data Point, 3/8/82:
66 days 6616)
) = 0.958 0.988 x 1.42 x 10-3 pCi/cm3 1.404 x 10-3 pCi/cm3 on 3/8/82.
This concentration (1.404 x 10-3 pCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of 2.33 x 104 cpm in the SA-13, when filled to a pressure of'05 mm.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the RDA-3A is:
4 1.657 x 10 cpm/pCi/cm 1.404 x 10" pCi/cm Page 6
2957A/Revision/Jan l984
SA-13 LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS BETA DETECTOR PRIMARY CALIBRATION WITH NOBLE GAS Corrected to standard pressure:
760 7
3 7
6 5 x 1.658 x 10 cpm/yCi/cm 2.082 x 10 or 20.82 cpm/pCi/cm 3 e.
Third Data Point, 3/11/82:
0.988 x 1.42 x 10-3 qCi/cm3 = 1.404 x 10-3 qCi/cm3 on 3/ll/82.
This concentration (1.403 x 10-3 pCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of 2.35 x 104 cpm in the SA-13, when filled to a pressure of 605 mm.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the RDA-3A is:
4 2.35 x 10 42.9 c m
1 671 x ]07 cpm/uCi/cm 1.404 x 10 qCi/cm Corrected to standard pressure:
760 7
3 7
6 5 x 1.671 x 10 cpm/pCi/cm 2.099 x 10 or 20.99 cpm/pCi/cm 3 f.
The average sensitivity of the RDA-3A to 85Kr is:
Data Point 1.
19.89 cpm/pCi/cm3 (2/24/82) 2.
20.82 cpm/pCi/cm3 (3/8/82) 3.
20.99 cpm/pCi/cm3 (3/11/82)
Average
= 20.56 cpm/pCi/cm3 5.
Linearity Check with 137Cs Stick Source Field Stren th 5.00 mR/h 10.00 mR/h 25.00 mR/h 50.00 mR/h 100.00 mR/h Count Rate 1.66 x 104 cpm 3.36 x 104 cpm 8.73 x 104 cpm 1.75 x 105 cpm 3.49 x 105 cpm cpm/mR/h 3.32 x 103 3.36 x 103 3.49 x 103 3.50 x 103 3.49 x 103 2957A/Revision/ Jan l984 Page 7
SA-13 LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS BETA DETECTOR PRIMARY CALIBRATION WITH NOBLE GAS NOTE:
Because of the binary counting circuitry in the IB-2, actual detector counts are twice the displayed count rate.
Therefore this data shows the detector and counting circuitry to be linear to at least 6.98 x 105 cpm.
F.
CONCLUSION 1.
The response of the RDA-3X low range beta detector was found to be:
133Xe 14.11 cpm/pCi/cm3 (STP) 85Kr 20.56 cpm/pCi/cm3 (STP) 2.
The average background of the RDA-3A was found to be 42.9 cpm in the SA-13 (with 4n shielding).
NOTE:
Because of the binary counting circuitry used to collect the above data, all of the detector counts are divided by two.
Therefore, actual detector sensitivity is twice that shown above.
So:
133Xe = 28.22 cpm/pCi/cm3 (STP) 85Kr = 41.12 cpm/pCi/cm3 (STP)
Background
= 85.8 cpm.
Page 8
2957A/Revision/Jan 1984
SA-13 LOW RANGE NOBLE GAS BETA DETECTOR PRIMARY CALIBRATION WITH NOBLE GAS APPENDIX A For applications where there is no mid-range detector (NGD-1) installed in the SA-13 gas volume, there is an increase in beta detector sensitivity due to the increased volume viewed by the beta detector.
Experimental data shows this to be an increase of approximately 13 percent.
2957A/Ori ginal /Jan.
1984 Page 9
DATA SHEET AND CERTIFICATE OF RADIOACTIVITYCALIBRATION FOR GASEOUS STANDARD Customer:
Catalog ¹ S
~c. ~(
Isotope:
g,c-J 5>
p.o.t LS E
.O.I~M':~a'ontainer Lecture'ottle:
OOT 3E l800 Half.Life:
6; 2.7 f do.y5 SIN: 6g i [+
Contained Activity: 79< g mt' Calibration Oate:
C 2, Oa PST 2,g~a.g
<9 82 Concentration (oCi/cc):
is, p. 2.6~g,'J pC. 5 pp wt. of Gas:
- 442,
~ cog Carrier Gas:
Qt y pd~
Gauge Reading at Time of Shipment:
$ 2.GG PS I6-(+
NBS Traceable (~~gindirectly) to SRN ¹ ~gaa-Total Error at the I confidence level is
. 5 C.
Signature Titie IS01OPE PRODUCTS LABORAIORIES 1800 Noutl>> Kr,ysto~r S~nfr >, Buubw~k, C<lifou~iw 91'F04 213-80 3-7000 Paqe 10
I
~
~
~
~
~
~
o ~
ll
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
l o
~
~
0
~
~
~
~
~ ~
~ ~
REPORT OF CAt.lBRATION Electroplated Beta Sovrce S;,'-"S-27 52 Description of Source:
Principal radionuclide haec)metitua oo Electroplated on polished "te> r less Stee3disc, approximately
~
Itype of metel)
Diameter. ~a4 cm active, ~U cm total.
Radioactive material permanently fixed to'the disc by heat treatment, without any covering over the active surface.
Calibration Date:
Measurement Method:
August 2
1o81 The 2rr beta emission rate was measured using an internal gas flow proportional chamber.
Trace-ability to NBS has been demonstrated, the most recent intercomparison with NBS being June and July l974 when the EIC-NBS agreement was within 0.3%.
Measurement Result:
The total number of beta particles emitted from the surface of the disc per minute on the above date was 35~044 1,051 The total disintegration rate,.assuming of the disc, was 56, 070
% backscatter of beta particles from the surface 1, 682
{0.0253 uCi)
The uncertainty of the measurement is 3%, which is the sum of random counting error at the 99%
confidence level and the estimated upper limit of conceivable systematic error in this measurement.
lnforrnation on isotopic composition or radioactive impurities:
ebet tjtna Calibrated by:
T ~v ~e
!~.11>io Ipleese print or type)
Eberline Instrument Corporation P.O. Box 3874 Atbuquerque.
New Mexico 87110 grrrz w stg e)
Page 12
\\
These Documents are referred to, but not included in this Document:
NO.
qUAN.
PKR.
bKSCRIPTION 1.
12000-A20,Calculation of the Gama Bequrel HeV/PCi Constant for I"$e 2.
12000-A22,Shield Scan Data, NGD-1 in an SA-13
/fgggp g~
7y )fLQ 4 Ck r. l(t. r+c w
Ir/j r jgWOC C(larr VO CAC.C ~Srl V rOAr'6. Zjr~~7'g-
~&I P/
ply(( g(
(
~
Sit(
p(('/I \\'q'. 1(c
(
\\
( 0s
++~
peart~ I ivip9C,(OTo,l I'll'e. ""(')'i'.(4(r>lp C'~Rr<<r Rcvrsn Oared Sn'r <~r r(jr'g
/gpg saut era.< e re sr J wsrw.n(r~
~ ~>A~V C~ ci r y.
CHO APP DATE DESCklPTtOH DATE IY CH'K A'PP.
Dko ds B RL N INSTRUMENT CORPORATION SANTA FK NKW MKXICO 4 0 CH'K.
PkOJe ENO.
APP.
jo/0 PRIi1ARY CALIBRATION SA-12, SA-'13 MID RANGE GAS (NGD-I)
- DETECTOR, DONE 4/16/80 ALSO DEED ON Err. WITH bIMKNSIONALTOLKRANCKS UHLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED DEC.
ANG X.XXX%.005 X.XX%.0 I5 EOA~
12000-A03 8 Sheet 1 of 7
SA-13 PRIMARY CALIBRATION MID RANGE GAS A.
PURPOSE To determine the sensitivity of the NGD-1 Noble Gas Detector to 133Xe and 85Kr gas in the SA-13 Sampler Assembly.
2.
To determine detector background in the SA-13 Sampler Assembly.
'I B.
MATERIALS AND E UIPMENT USED 1.
20 3 ~
4, SA-13, SN 224 NGD-1, SN 163 IB-4A, SN 962 Absolute Pressure
- Gage, SN FA160-LL09217 NOTE:
The Sampler was mounted in a PING-3.
Data was taken using the PING-3 Microcomputer.
Calibration constant was 1.00EOO.
C.
SOURCES USED l.
2 ~
30 137Cs Stick Source No. EI-120 85Kr Gaseous Calibration Standard SN 65112 (Certificate Enclosed) 133Xe Gaseous Calibration Standard SN 84042 (Certificate Enclosed)
NOTE:
All sources used are indirectly traceable to NBS.
D.
PROCEDURE The NGD-1 was removed from the SA-13 and exposed to a 10 mR/h 137Cs field to determine a calibration reference point.
See the data section for results.
2 ~
The sampler was filled via the PING-3 air inlet fitting.
The absolute pressure gauge was placed between the regulator output isolation valve and the inlet fitting using a "T" fitting and plastic tubing.
An isolation valve was placed between the SA-13 exhaust and the air pump.
The air pump exhaust was vented to the roof via plastic tubing.
The sampler was filled by evacuating the system using the air pump with the regulator isolation valve closed.
The system was then filled from the gas bottle by opening the regulator isolation valve.
The display was monitored, and when no increase in count rate was observed after each fill, the sampler was assumed full of noble gas and the exhaust isolation valve was closed.
The system was left filled for approximately one hour while data was collected in the mi crocomputer history files.
Page 2 of 7 2778A/Revi s ion/01-18-84
SA-13 PRIMARY CALIBRATION MID RANGE GAS E.
DATA (All count rates are display values which are one-half detector count rate.)
1.
Reference to 137Cs a.
Background
= 3 cpm (open air) b.
10 mR/h 137Cs
= 455 cpm c.
Sensitivity = 455 cpm
-3 452 cpm 452 cpm divided by 10 mR/h 45.2 cpm/mR/h.
2.
Average Background of the NGD-1 in the SA-13 is 0.5 cpm..
3.
- 133Xe, SN 84042 a.
Concentration at 1200 CST, 2 April, 1982 = 0.228 yCi/cm3 (STP) b.
Half life 5.271 days c.
First data point, 04/06/82 D
s 4Das 1
4-0.6931(~H4)i C)fm) 4-0.6931(~63/
)
p ggpg 0
0.5909 x 0.228 qCi/cm3 = 0.1347 pCi/cm3 on 4/6/82 This concentration (0.1347 pCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of 36.99 cpm in the SA-13, when filled to a pressure of 605 mm Hg.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the NGD-1 is:
270.90 i ci Hi 0.1347 pCi/cm Corrected to standard pressure:
x 270.90 cpm/upi/cm3
=
340.30 cpm/upi/cm3 760 mm 605 mm The sensitivity in y.Bq-MeV/cm3:
340.30 c m/uCi/cm3 1.67 x 103 y Bq-MeV/pCi(
Xe) 3
= 0.204 cpm/q Bq-MeV/cm3 NOTE:
See Document No. 12000-A20 for the determination of the y.Bq-MeV/qCi constant for 133Xe.
2778A/Revi sion/01-184 Page 3 of 7
SA-13 PRIMARY CALIBRATION MID RANGE GAS d.
Second Data Point 04/13/82 1
-0.6931ft~~ 271
)
=
0.2364 IO 0.2354 x 0.228 pCi/cm3 = 0.0537 pCi/cm3 on 4/13/82 This concentration (0.0537 pCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of, 15.24 cpm in the SA-13, when filled to a pressure of 606 mm.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the NGD-I is:
~15.29-0.5 239 95 0
2 1
1 3
0.0537 pCi/cm Corrected to standard pressure:
x 274.49 cpm/xCi/cm3 = 344.24 cpm/xCi/cm3 606 mm The sensitivity in q.Bq-MeV/cm3:
344.24 c m/pCi/cm3 1.67 x 103 y Bq-MeV/pCi(
Xe)
~
33
= 0.206 cpm/i-Bq-MeV/cm3 NOTE:
See Document No. 12000-A20 for the determination of the q Bq-MeV/pCi constant for 133Xe.
e.
The average sensitivity of the NGD-I to 133Xe -is:
0.205 cpm/y.Bq-MeV/cm3 4.
85Kr, SN.
65112 a.
Concentration on January I, 1982 = 1.48 pCi/cm3 (STP) b.
Half Life 10.72 years.
c.
The first and second data points for 85Kr were taken the same day, 2/12/82.
I 03.3933(~)
=
0.9 2
~=e 0.992 x 1.48 pCi/cm3 = 1.469 pCi/cm3 on 2/12/82 Page 4 of 7 2778A/Revi sion/01-18-84
SA-13 PRIMARY CALIBRATION MID RANGE GAS This concentration (1.469 pCi/cm3) yielded a count rate of:
First Data Point = 27.9 cpm Second Data Point = 29.2 cpm The average of these two points is 28.6 cpm.
With the SA-13 filled to a pressure of 610 mm.
Therefore, the sensitivity of the NGD-1 to 85Kr is:
19.13
/PI i 1.469 pCi/cm Corrected to standard pressure:
x 19.13 cpm/pCi/cm 23.83 cpm/pCi/cm 760 mm 3
3 The sensitivity in y Bq-MeV/cm3:
23.83 c m/pCi/cm3 77.97 y Bq-MeV/pCi(
Kr) 0.306 cpm/y Bq-MeV/cm3 NOTE:
Constant for y.Bq-MeV/pCi for 85Kr Gamma abundance x gamma energy x Bq/pCi.
0.0041 x 0.514 x 3.7 x 104 77.97 y Bq-MeV/pCi F.
CONCLUSION 1.
The response of the NGD-1 compensated G-M tube Noble Gas Detector was found to be:
133Xe = 0.205 cpm/y. Bq-MeV/cm3 85Kr
= 0.306 cpm/y-Bq-Mev/cm3 NOTE:
Because of the binary counting circuitry used to collect the above data, all of the detector counts are divided by two.
There-fore, actual detector sensitivity is twice that shown above.
So:
133Xe 0.410 cpm/y. Bq-MeV/cm3 85Kr
= 0.614 cpm/y. Bq-MeV/crrP G.
For background data, see 12000-A22; Shield Scan Data/NGD-1 in an SA-13.
2778A/Revi s ion/01-18-84 Page 5 of 7
DATA SHEET AND C ERTI F ICATE OF RADIOACTIVITYCALI8 RATION FOR GASEOUS STANDARD Customer:
Catalog P'S" Isotope:
siN:
ago 4 2.
P.O.P VL7')k
= M.O.P~<~~~Date: j Container Lecture Bottle:
DOT 3E 1800 Malf Life:
Qe >7 ) Jo.yS I 82-Contained Activity: 74< 8 Si gnature e~<a Titie ZVA VXV ISOTOPE PRODUCTS LABORATORIES 1800 Non~h KcysioNr Sin>:c ~, Bunb~NIC~lifon~i~ 915().$
2I)-84)-7000
DATA SHEET AND CERTIFICATE OF RADIOACTIVITYCALIBRATION FOR GASEOUS STANDARD Customer:
Catalog ¹ S
ca.t Isotope:
g.e - Q,Q p.D.N~v 5
fl.D.r rear 0 t:
6 Container Lecture Bottle:
DOT 3E 1800 Half Life:
BIO. 72. yea,e5 S/N:
0 S ll2 Contained Activity: goy< 6, mC q Calibration Date: i Q'dh e ~9 S~
Concentration (oCi/cc): f, + S~r'/CC, STp Mt. of Gas: +g.f Carrier Gas:
Qy ~ ~>
Gauge Reading at Time of Shipment:
? Q,Q PSI6-
{ vf NBS Traceable (N+e~gindirectly) to SRM ¹ + o Total Error at the W confidence level is 6 e 7'0 %
Signature CA~ s$
Title VPV ISOTOPE PRODUCTS LABORATORIES 1800 Nonih Keys)one SinEET, BUAbANI CAlifonwi~ 9)504 213-843-7000 Sheet 7 of7
NO.
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r.'IMENSIONAL TOLERANCES UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED PRIf)ARY CAlIBRATIONSA-15 9I SA-9 HIGII RANGE GAS DETECTOR DONE 4-15-80 oa>LV>K CltCSS I>IC ~
ALSO VSKO OH I>LTRAYE! HOe 4K7$I RSP. WITH FRAC DEC x.xxxa'.oos X.XX4.0 IS ANG OCALK 12000-AO1 "hect 1 0.
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APPdtVLTXZS
12000-A01 SA-9 page 2 of 22 A.
PURPOSE 1.
To determine the sensitivity of the SA-9 G.M. Tube Detector to 133Xe and 85Kr Gas.
2.
To determine the proper G.M. tube geometry for a desired sensitivity.
3.
To determine detector background in the sampler assembly.
B.
MATERIALS AND E UIPMENT USED:
l.
Prototype SA-9 2.
IB-4A P.C.
Board connected to the sealer of an MS-2 a.
The IB-4A furnished detector high voltage (500 Vdc) and amplifier.
The signal to drive the sealer was taken from the IB-4A Line Driver Output.
3.
2 Two inch spacers and 10 1/2 inch spacers, which were used to change the distance between the G.M. tube and the source.
4.
RO-2 Ion Chamber 5.
Multichannel Analyzer C.
SOURCES USED 1.
137Cs stick source No. EI-120, 60Co stick source EI-150.
2.
EIC gas cylinders per 11058%04 a.
One cylinder was filled with 85Kr gas, 44.2 mCi at a
concentration of 1 mCi/cc.
26 March 1980.
b.
One cylinder was filled with 133Xe gas, 43.9 mCi at a
concentration of 1 mCi/cc.
Noon PST.
27 March 1980.
Both cylinders bought on Eberline P.O.
No. 827H-270043 (133Xe, Seri al No. 41112-1, 85Kr, Seri al No. 41111-1) 5632A/ Jan.
1984
12000-A01 SA-9 page 3 of 22 D.
PROCEDURE 1.
Data was collected with the following guidelines:
a.
All counting times were 10 minutes, unless otherwise noted.
b.
A11 raw data is in+em(display)uniess otherwise noted.
c ~
Al 1 distances are from Detector center 1 ine to source center line and have units of inches.
The procedure was to gather data for the following:
1.
Shield Scan of the SA-9 using an external 60Co source to determine relative effects of background radiation.
2.
Response of the detector at various distances to both 133Xe and 85Kr.
Used to predict spacing required for desired range of the monitor.
E.
DATA Dis la Count Rate 1.
Shield Scan - 5 mR/h field Direction 0,
30 60 90 120 150
- 180, 210 240 270 300 330 CPM 8
3 3
8 4
7 13 4
3 10 3
3 CPM/mR/hr 1.6
.6
.6.
1.6
.8 1.4 2.6
.8
.6 2.0
- 6
.6 a.
Source
= 60Co no. EI-150 b.
Size 1.19 mCi on 4/80 5632A/March 1985
12000-A01 SA-9 page 4 of 22'.
Distance
= 23.56" d.
Field = 5 mR/h See Figure 2 for plot of data.
2.
Distance Data 10 minutes counting time, Data x 2 to make detector CPM.
Distance measured between G.M. tube center line and cylinder center
.1 ine.
Background, Det. Tube in SA-9 = 1.8 CPM (20 min. count)
Date 4-9-80 4-9-80 4-9-80 4-9-80 4-10-80 4-10-80 F.
CALCULATIO NS Distance 4
Oll 3.5" 3
Oll
- 2. 5'I
- 2. 0"
]
5II Kr CPM 629.8 818. 0 1, 083. 8 1,550. 6 20254.8 3,617. 0 Xe CPM 442. 0 556. 0 776.8 1,065.6 1,336.7 2,120.0 1.
Computation of yBq-MeV/cc values for each source for the three days the source was used.
Refer to the Calibration Data sheet for each Gaseous Standard.
a ~
133Xe Seri al No. 41112-1 1)
Contained activity = 43.9 mCi 2)
Cal.
Date = Noon PST 3/27/80 3)
Corrected concentration I
.6931 t/y Io where:
t = number of days y = half life = 5.27 days I = Concentration after t days Io = initial concentration.
1 mCi/cc (103pCi/cc) 563 2A/Jan.
1984
12000-A01 SA-9 page 5 of 22
'alculating the concentrations 4-8-80 (12 days)
= 2.06 x 10-1 x 103 pCi/cc = 2.06 x 102 pCi/cc 4-8-80 (13 days)
= 1.81 x 10-1 x 103 pCi/cc = 1.81 x 102 pCi/cc 4-10-80 (14 days)
= 1.59 x 10-1 x 103 pCi/cc = 1.59 x 102 pCi/cc 4)
Calculation of the qBq-MeV/pCi value for 133Xe.
NOTE:
Refer to EIC Document No. 12000-A20 for calculation to obtain these values.
Value is 1.67 x 103 ~Bq-MeV/pCi.
5)
Converting the concentration to units of ~Bq-MeV/cc 1.67 x 103 x concentration
= qBq-MeV/cc value.
4-8-80 = 3.44 x 105 qBq-MeV/cc 4-9-80 = 3.02 x 105 yBq-MeV/cc 4-10-80 = 2.66 x 105 ~Bq-MeV/cc b.
85Kr Serial No. 41111-2 1)
Contained Activity 44.2 mCi 2)
Cal.
Date 3/26/80 3)
Corrected concentration where:
I Io
.6931 t/7 t = number of days q = half life = 3972.8 days (10.72 years)
I = corrected concentration Io = initial concentration 1 mCi/cc (103pCi/cc)
Calculating the concentrations 4-8-80 (12 days)
= 9.979 x 10-1 x 103 pCi/cc = 9.979 x 102 pCi/cc 4-9-80 (13 days)
= 9.977 x 10-1 x 103 pCi/cc = 9.977 x 102 pCi/cc 4-10-80 (14 days)
= 9.975 x 10-1 x 103 pCi/cc = 9.975 x 102 pCi/cc 5632A/ Jan.
1984
12000-A01 SA-9 page 6 of 22 4)
Calculation of the yBq-MeV/qCi value for 85Kr.
qEnergy (MeV) x percent abundance x 3.7 x 104 yBq-MeV/uCi qEnergy 85Kr
.514 MeV Abundance
=.0041
.514 x.0041 x 3.7 x 104 = 77.97 yBq-MeV/qCi 5)
Converting the concentration to units of qBq-MeV/cc 77.97 x concentration yBq-HeV/cc value 4-8-80 = 7.781 x 104 ~Bq-MeV/cc 4-9-80 7.779 x 104 ~Bq-MeV/cc 4-10-80 7.778 x 104 yBq-MeV/cc 2.
Calculation of the sensitivity in units of CPM/qBq-MeV/cc for each gas at each distance in E.2.
above.
Sensitivity (cpm/yBq-MeV/cc)
Observed countr ate c
m back round countrate c
m oncentratson*
qBq-MeV/cc
- The concentration is the value for the particular gas on the day that the data was collected.
85Kr DETECTOR COUNT RATE Date Distance inches Observed countrate cpm
Background
Net Concentration countrate countrate qBq-MeV/cc cpm cpm Sensitivity cpm/yBq-MeV/cc 4-9-80 4-9-80 4-9-80 4-9-80 4-10-80 4-10-80 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 629.8 818. 0 1083.8 1550.6 2254.8 3617. 0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 628. 0 816.2 1082.0 1548.8 2253.0 3615.2 7.779x104 7.779x104
,7.779xl04 7.779x104 7.778x104 7.778x104 8.07xl0-3 1.05xl0-2 1.39xl0-2 1.99xl0 2 2.90xl0-2 4.65x10-2 5632A/March l985
F I
12000-A01 SA-9 page 7 of 22 133Xe DETECTOR COUNT RATE Date Distance Observed
Background
Net Concentration Sensitivity inches countrate countrate countrate qBq-MeV/cc cpm/yBq-MeV/c CPlll cpm cpm 4-9-80 4-9-80 4-9-80 4-9-80 4-10-80 4-10-80 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 442. 0 556. 0 776.8 1065.8 1336.7 2120.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 440.2 554. 2 775. 0 1064.0 1334.9 2118.2 3.02x105 3.02x105 3.02x105 3.02x105 2.66x105 2.66x105 1.46xl0-3 1.84xl0-3 2.57x10-3 3.52x10-3 5.02x10-3 7.96x10-3 The values for both gases are plotted in Figure 1.
3.
Selecting the spacing for the range of the monitor.
The desired response for the SA-9 is to reach a value 105uCi/cc of 33Xe.
Converting this to units of ~Bq-MeV/cc we multiply by the value 1.67 x 103 ~Bq-MeV/pCi for 133Xe.
This yields 1.67 x 108
~Bq-MeV/cc.
With an upper limit of 1.024 x 10o cpm on the counting system the sensitivity would be:
i.024 ia
~
q qq qo-3~
~
6
.67 x 10
~Bq-MeV/cc yBq-MeV/cc Thus the spacing of 2.0 inches was selected.
This spacing provides a
sensitivity of 5.02 x 10-3 cpm/~Bq-MeV/cc and at a 1~3Xe value of 1.67 x 108 ~Bq-MeV/cc (105pCi/cc) the SA-9 tube would produce:
5.02 x 10-3 cpm/~Bq-MeV/cc x 1.67 x 108 ~Bq-MeV/cc = 8.38 x 105 cpm
==
Conclusions:==
The two gases selected for use in this calibration were 133Xe and 85Kr.
Each has a unique problem which causes the SA-9 to respond in other than a nominal manner.
The 133Xe has two primary groups of
- photons, one centered at 0.081 MeV and the other at 0.030 MeV.
These are attenuated by the sample tube wall.
Refer to Appendix B for calculations of the measured versus unattenuated (nominal) response.
The 85Kr has a very large beta to gamma emission ratio.
The betas cause bremsstrahlung in the tube wall and this increases the net result from 85Kr.
5632A/March 1985
12000-A01 SA-9 page 8 of 22 for calculations of the bremsstrahlung contributions refer to appendix A and C.
The measured response to each
- gas, at 2.0 inch spacing is 133Xe 5.02 x 10-3 cpm per yBq-MeV/cc 85Kr 2.90 x 10-2 cpm per yBq-MeV/cc Correcting these values for attenuation and bremsstrahlung respectively, the nominal responses are:
133 Xe 5.02 x 10 c m/
B -MeV/cc 1 13 x 10 2 c m/
B WeV/cc
<<3
.443 x
cpm@
q e
CC Detector Count Rate where 0.443 is the amount of attenuation of the 133Xe photons (refer to Appendix B).
85
-2 Kr 2.90 x 10 c m/
B NeV/cc
= 1.45 x 10 2c m/ Bq&eV/cc 2.
0
~
x cpmyq e
CC Detector Count Rate where 2.00 is the over response due to the bremsstrahlung contribution to the Kr85 reading (refer to Appendix C).
Background response from Co60 varies from 0.5 to 2.6 CPM per mR/hr, depending on direction, with an average response of approximately 1.2 CPM per mR/hr.
The SA-15 has the same 2.0 inch spacing between the GM tube and sample pipe.
It has a
5 inch lead shield which when in a 4~ test of 10 mR 1~7Cs field produced no statistical increase in the back-ground results.
The data in section E.l can still be used as a
conservative estimate due to the additional 2 inches of shielding above the SA-9's 3 inches.
5632A/March l985
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DATA SHEET AND CERTIFICATE OF RADIOACTIVITYCALIBRATION FOR GASEOUS STANDARD Customer:
Catalog ¹ Isotope:
Xe.-t 33 s/N: si>t2->
Half Life:
3 0 EEEEO.O.E TT<X 0:~F/33 Contained Activity: gg, p m 4'oncentration (oCi/cc):
/ nE 4/c c.
Wt. of Gas:
Carrier Gas: nil Gauge Reading at Time of Shipment: Ivk Calibration Date:
Ivo'I 7 md%
T31E 0~ % confidence level is (34)
NBS Traceable (WWy/indirectly) to SRM ¹ cg3o7-8->'f ignature Kenneth Helm I
Title
%<V ISOTOPE PRODUCTS LABORATORIES 1800 Nontax KcysroNE S~neEr, Bunb~NI,CAlifonNi~ 91504 21)-845-7000
II
DATASHEET AND CERTIFICATE OF RADIOACTIVITYCALIBRATION FOR GASEOUS STANDARD Customer: Eber/( rim.
Catalog 8
5 equi c
P.O.g Container 2
(20.21S55 2 t: ZM A.k)
DOT 3E 1800 Isotope: gpSS s/ N-Il/ll'2 Contained Activity: '4'9-2 ~ g concentration (uci/cc):
l des(dddc,c.
Wt. of Gas:
+/~
Carrier Gas-'/g Gauge Reading at Time of Shipment:
Half Life: /0,7Z. y Calibration Date: 7< ~<~4
~~3 (2() 222 2 tl (2'y/( 2'y) t RRM third' Total Error at the X confidence level is 9.~P Ssg ature P~a
= -4 "~'"
gtgncv, -4 Kcys~oNE S~nEc~, Bunb~NI,, CalifonNie 91904 21$ -84$ -7000
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12000-AOl SA-9 page 16 of 22 APPENDIX A Purpose of Analysis:
To obtain a theoretical basis for the observation of a large, low energy component in the spectrum measured using a detector outside a stainless steel cylinder filled with Kr-85.
It was assumed to be due to Bremsstrahlung from the 8 particles.
5632A/ Jan.
1984
12000-AOl SA-9 Page 17 of 22 The linear energy loss from 8 particles due to Bremsst.
is given by the following equation:
dE NEZ Z+1 e4 4 ln 2E
=
4 5 dX 137 m c" mac (Equation by Bethe - Reference 1, Bethe
& Ashkin, "Passage of Rad in Matter",
"Exp. Nuclear Physics",
1953, Vol.I, p.166) where N = number density of target Z = atomic number of target M = electron rest mass e = electronic charge c = speed of light E = 9 energy a'""
s u.s.
Z = 26 7.8 /cm'.023 x 10
'5.8 g/mole 8.41 x 10 atom/cm e = 4.80 x 10-" esu 1/2 8/2 mp =
9 11 x 10 g
c = 3 x 10" cm/sec 1 erg
=. 624 x 10 MeV erg
= g cm /sec E =.6 MeV = 9.62 x 10 'rg dE 8.41 x 10 9.62 x 10 26 27 4.80 x 10-"eeu" 4
1 ~(2)(.6 4
dx 137 (9.11 x 10 ')'3 x 10")"
dx
- 6. 81 x 10 'rg/cm
= 4. 25 x 10 MeV/cm dE = 4.25 x 10
(.03'5 inch x 2.54 cm/inch)
= 3.78 x 10 'eV
(.035" is wall thickness of S.S. pipe)
12000-A01 SA-9 page 18 of 22 Thus the Bremsstrahlung energy emitted per B is 3.78 keV.
If for each y there are 250', the comparison quantity is 3.78 x 250 945 keV (cf..514MeV q)
Thus for each y detected, the detector should also detect 865 keV of Bremsstrahlung radi ation.
or there should be a ratio of Bremsstrahlung to y of
~581 945
=
1.89 (thi s rat i o i s for total energy, not 514 individual counts)
,total extrapolated area
= 700, area = 530 area 87 80 keV 250 keV 514 keV (this is spectrum obtained from multichannel analyzer)
Bremsstrahlung should be continuously increasing to zero energy, hence, it is extrapolated to zero from cutoff due to detector enclosure to get approximate total area due to Bremsstrahlung.
Energy represented by y peak
= 514 keV x 87 = 4.47 x 104 Energy represented by Bremsstrahlung
= 250 KhV x 700 8 75 x 104 2
~h1
='.15
=
1.95 Y
4.47 The 1.83 and 1.95 compare very well considering how approximate the technique used was.
Me suspect that the Bremsstrahlung energy is less due to self absorption in the S.S.
cylinder which is in line with the above difference.
5632A/ Jan.
1984
12000-A01 SA-9 page 19 of 22 Errors could be induced by 1) different geometry of ~ source and Bremsstrahlung source 2) directional source strength of Bremsstrahlung 3) y shielding by S.S.
5632A/ Jan.
1984
12000-A01 SA-9 page 20 of 22 APPENOIX B
Sample Wall Attenuation of 133Xe photons 133Xe correction for the attenuation caused by the sample pipe wall.
The sample pipe. wall is 0.035 inch 304 type stainless steel (SS).
Which is composed of Carbon (C), Iron (Fe),
Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni),and Manganese (Mn).
The percentage attenuation for each element is found from the formula Attenuation = e "n nxn where n
represents the five material elements of 304 SS.
Mass attenuation coefficient of material at the photon energy of interest, cm2/g pn density of material, g/cm3 t
thickness of attenuator, cm xn = composition, percentage for each element divided by 100.
The overall attenuation for each energy is the product of the individual attenuations for each element.
The attenuation is then calculated for 0.081 MeV and 0.030 MeV photons.
304 Stainless Steel Composition xn*
Density pn, g/cm3 Attenuation coefficient un, cm2/g 80keV Attenuation coefficient pn,cm2/g 30keV thickness t Element C
Cr Fe Ni Nm 0.0008 0.190 0.6942 0.095 0.020 2.22 7.10 7.86 8.90 7.20 0.160 0.483'. 594 0,727
- 0. 528 0.250 6.44 8.15 10.3 7.19 0.035 in x 2.54 cm/in = 0.089 in.
Reference 1
attenuation 80keV attenuation 30keV 1.00
.9437
.7494
.9447
.9933
- 1. 00
.4615
.0191
.4607
.9120 66.36 0.37 Total Attenuation Percentage
- These are the average of the composition limits.
5632A/ Jan.
1984
12000-A01 SA-9 page 21 of 22 Thus the wall will attenuate the 0.081 MeV to 66.4 percent of the original and the 0.030 MeV to 0.4 percent of the original, a negligible amount.
The 0.081 MeV photons are 66.5 percent of the yBqMeV,emissions and the 0.030 MeV photons are 33.5 percent.
This is found by sumoing the product of the gamma abundance (mean number per disintegration) times the energy (mean energy per particle) for all photons from 133Xe.
Abundance Energy yBq-MeV Percent of Total emissions
.080 MeV complex
.031 MeV complex
- 0. 0061 0.3603 0.0002 0.2552 0.1321 0.0712 0.0150
. 0796
. 0809 0.3839 0.0309 0.0306 0.0349
, 0.0359 Total 0.000486 0.02915 0.000077 0.007886 0.004042 0.002485 0.000539 0.044659
- 66. 5
- 33. 5 The composite correction is then ercent attenuation for.080MeV hotons x
ercent of emissions
+
0 10 ercent attenuation for.031MeV hotons x
ercent of emissions correction factor P
66.4 ercent x 66.5 ercent
+ 0.4 ercent x 33.5 recent
.443 The measured values for 133Xe will be reduced due to this attenuation and thus must be divided by this value to obtain an unattenuated value for 133Xe.
References:
1.
Metals
- Handbook, American Society for Metals page 554, Table 1, Composition Limits of Austenitic Stainless Steels.
2.
Periodic Table of the Elements, Central Scientific Company.
3.
Photon Cross Sections, Los L
"g LA-3753 5632A/ Jan.
1984
12000-A01 SA-9 page 22 of 22 APPENDIX C Bremsstrahlung from Sample Wall due to 85Kr Beta Both sources were measured using an Eberline RO-2 air ion chamber instrument with the beta window closed.
This was done to predict the additional contribution from the bremsstrahlung to the 85Kr ganja response.
a.
133Xe shield closed
= 31 mR/h b..85Kr shield closed
= 36 mR/h Data taken 4-9-80.
Refer to F.l.a.5) and F.l.b.5) of the Primary Calibration for Concentration Values.
Dividing by Concentration, yields Xe Shield Closed 31
-4 mR/h yBq-Me V/cc Correcting this value due to sample wall attenuation (refer to appendix B).
85Kr Shield Cl osed 1.03 x 10
~
3 36 4
7.778 x 10 y q The shield closed data indicates that the 85Kr is emitting about 2.00 times more mR/hr (above 10-20 keV) than it should, relative to the 133Xe.
5632A/ Jan.
1984
10" PRI>1ARY CALIBRATION SA-9 FIELD STRENGTH/DISTANCE 9.
~.,
~
t
~
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~
ata.skein,'8/9.
HO/SO
- . -',- -'.'.Corrected +or -half life
,:: SoUrce =-~33Xe No.&1112-1 85Kr.No.'41111-2
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Radiation Detector Assembly Mlodell RDA-XX
~ SCINTILLATIONDETECTORS
~ FOR'SE WITH DIGITAL(MICROCOMPUTER)
OR ANALOG (RATEMETER AND RECORDER)
SYSTEMS
~ FOR ALPHA, BETA, AND GAMMA MEASUREMENTS A Q IVIS I O N O I=
Thermo Eberline VTB electron CORPORATION
Model RDA-XX, Radiation Detector Assembly GENERAL DESCRIPTION The RDA series of radiation detectors are scintillation-type detectors intended for in-stallation in sampler assemblies for monitor-ing radiation in installed systems. The -XX in the model number is replaced by a number and a letter defining the type of scintillation crystal and the housing type.
The first X defines the crystal: One for ZnS(Ag) alpha, two for 2-inch x 2-inch Nal(TI) stabilized gamma, three for plastic beta, four for 2-inch x 2-mm Nal(TI) stabilized gamma, five for 2-inch x 2-inch Nal(TI) gamma. Other types are readily available.
The last X defines the housing: A for aluminum, S for stainless steel. Example:
RDA-2S is a 2-inch x 2-inch Nal(TI) stabilized gamma in a stainless-steel housing.
N SPECIFICATIONS Photomultiplier Tube: 2-inch, 10-dynode with S11 photocathode.
Selected high resolution
- type for pulse-height analyzing applications.
High Voltage: Maximum 1800 V, typically in 600 to 1200 V range depending on application.
Current: 120 MO resistance requires 10 pA at 1200;V.
V Connection:
Single MHVcoaxial connector supplies high voltage and signal connection t
Magnetic Shield: Included.
Size: 2.625 inches in diameter x 9.25 inches long (6.67 cm x 23.5 cm) excluding connector.
Temperature:
0 'F to 140 'F (-18 'C to 60 'C).
Scintillation Crystal:
Type Description 1.
2-inch-diameter ZnS(Ag) with 1 mg/cm'luminized Mylar window.
2.
2-inch x 2-inch Nal(TI) with "'Am seed imbedded for automatic gain stabilization.
3.
2-inch-diameter x 0.010-inch-thick plastic with 1.6 mg/cm'ylar window.
4.
2-inch-diameter x 2-mm-thick Nal(TI) for low energy gamma with "'Am seed imbedded for automatic gain stabilization.
5.
2-inch x 2-inch Nal(TI).
3-85 A DIVISION OF Eberline FTE Fe'cIIon CORPORATION P.O. Box 2108 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504-2108 (505) 471 3232 TWX: 910-985.0678
Noble Gas Detector Rilooiell MQ Do-0
/'
0 FOR USE WITH EBERLINE MODEL SA-X SAMPLER ASSEM BLIES A 0 IVIS I 0 N 0 F Thermo Eberline VillElectron CQRPQRATIQN
Model NOD-1, Noble Gas Detector GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Noble Gas Detector assembly Is a gam-ma detector intended for use In sampler assemblies.
The detecting element Is an argon-filled, halogen-quenched, Geiger-Mueller (G-M) tube mounted in a holder which forms part of the shield when installed in a sampler. The detector assembly Is connected to a microcomputer system or an analog rate meter (EC1-X) via an IB-4A interface box.
SPECIFICATIONS G I Tube: Argon-filled, halogen-quenched, energy. compensated.
Operating Voltage: 550 a50 V Sensitivity: Approximately 80 cpm per mR/h In a '"Cs field.
Dead Time: Approximately 20/rs.
Plateau: 100 V minimum length with slope ap-proximately 15 percent per 100 V.
Environment: Operating temperature range 40 oF to +167 oF (
40 C to +75 oC)
Connector. BNC series Size: 2.75 inch diameter x 8.11 Inches long (7.0 cm x 20.6 cm).
Weight: Approximately 6 pounds (2.7 kg).
3-85 A DIVISION OF Thermo Eberline FTB Electron CORPORATION P.O. Box 2108 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504.2108 (505) 471 3232 TWX: 910.985-0678
. System-Level Particulate, iodine, and Noble Gas Air Monitor Moodell SPIIMG-SA eber6ne 00 I
~ MICROCOMPUTER-CONTROLLED MONITOR FOR STACK EFFLUENTS, WORK AREAS, AND DUCTS
~ FEATURES INCLUDE: DIGITALDISPLAYS, BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION, HIGH ACCURACY AND SENSITIVITY, THREE INCHES OF LEAD SHIELDING AROUND DETEC-TORS (4x CONFIGURATION), SIMPLE TO OPERATE AND MAINTAIN
~ CONNECTS TO AN EBERLINE CONTROL TERMINALTO PROVIDE A READOUT AT A CENTRAL LOCATION A 0 I V I S I 0 N 0 F Thermo Eberline V7l2 Electron CORPORATION SPIIIMG-SA
Model SPING-3A, System-Level Particulate, iodine, and Noble Gas Air Monitor GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Model SPING-3A Is a microcomputer-based, skid-mounted monitor designed to measure the airborne concentrations or stack emission rates of radioactive particulate, iodine, and noble gas as part of an Eberline Radiation Monitoring System. The microcom-puter acquires Information from eight chan-nels (SPING-3A) or nine channels (SPING-4A) of detectors and is capable of accepting up to six channels of 4-20 mA analog input.
History files of average net count rate for the past 24 one-minute, ten-minute, one-hour, and one-day periods are stored in the microcom-puter memory for transmission and display at the control terminal upon operator request.
The SPING-3A microcomputer communicates serially with a central control terminal via a Model CLI-1, Communication Line Isolator, and an individually shielded, twisted-pair cable which enables the control terminal to annunciate, log, and display radiological status and data.
Battery-backed real-time clock/calendar and random access memory enable the SPING-3A to retain channel parameter flies and correct time In the event of a complete loss of power to the system.
The distance between the SPING-3A and the control terminal may be extended to 5000 cable feet (1524 meters) using 18-gauge cable.
Additional features include stainless-steel plumbing throughout the sampler stages, three inches of lead shielding (4~ configura-tion) with one inch of lead between detectors, solid-state flow sensor, a regulated air pump, a system trouble light, and a high radiation alarm light and horn.
Continuous flow and pressure inputs from a new solid-state flow sensor combined with new software in the microcomputer enable the SPING-3A to perform derived concentra-tion calculations on fixed filter channels resulting in readouts in units of pCI/cm'. Ab-solute pressure measurements made by the flow sensor allow the microcomputer to cor-rect the noble gas readings for variations in chamber pressures.
A digital display panel visible from the front of the unit provides a rotary switch for selec-tion of one of fifteen possible channels for local display. The format of the data display utilizes three significant mantissa digits with a 1'/~-digit exponent (10*" maximum). An array of six lights displays current status (normal, maintenance, and fail condition; or trend, alert, and high alarm) of the selected channel. A row of momentary contact switches allows local control of functions such as audible alarm acknowledge, start and stop of pumps and flush mechanisms install-ed on monitors, and actuation of installed check sources for functional testing of detec-tor channels.
The SPING-3A is one member of a large fami-ly of system-level monitors designed to in-tegrate into Eberline's versatile radiation monitoring system.
II 10-84 SPECIFICATIONS PARTICULATE Fixed Filter. 47-mm-diameter, Millipore SM recommended.
Detector: Eberline Model RDA-3A, beta scin-tillation, 2-Inch-diameter x 0.010-inch-thick plastic with 1.6 mg/cm'luminized Mylar window. The Model RDS-1 solid-state alpha detector is used for radon daughter background subtraction.
Sensitivity (at a flow rate of 60 L/min):
'"Cs: 5 cpm/h for 1 x 10" pCI/cm',
'4Sr-'4Y: 8.8 cpm/h for 1 x 10"/
Ci/cm'Tc:
3.8 cpm/h for 1 x 10" pCI/cm'; all are nominal.
Range: Approximately 10" to 10'CI/cm'ackground:
Approximately 25 cpm (depen-dent on geographic location) plus 10 cpm per mR/h of external '"Cs field. Two methods of background subtraction are available. A solid-state alpha detector provides a means of sub-tracting out the build-up of radon daughters on the filter, and the area monitor provides a means of subtracting gamma background. If variable noble gas levels are encountered which interfere with the particulate measure-ment, the noble gas channel may be selected as a background compensation channel.
IODINE Cartridge: 2-Inch diameter x 3/4-inch-thick metal-cased cartridge containing TEDA impregnated charcoal. (Silver zeolite is optionally available from Eberline. Price fluc-tuates and is available upon request).
Detector. An Eberline Model RDA-2A, 2-inch x 2-inch Nal(TI) with a "'Am seed embedded for automatic gain stabilization for drift-free pulse-height analysis.
Sensitivity (at a flow rate of 60 L/min):
'" I: 3.5 cpm/h for 1 x 10" / Ci/cm'.
Range: Approximately 10 " to 10'CI/cm'ackground:
45 cpm (dependent on geo-graphic location) plus 15 cpm per mR/h of
'"Cs which is subtracted via an adjacent energy window.
NOBLE GAS (LOW RANGE)
Volume: 2.65-inch. diameter x 3.inch-deep (270 cm~ volume).
Detector. Eberline Model RDA-3A beta scin-tillation detector, 2-inch-diameter x 0.010-inch-thick plastic with 1.6 mg/cm'luminized Mylar window.
Sensitivity:
'>>Xe = 28 cpm for 1 x 10'CI/cm't 14.7 psia.
"Kr = 41 cpm for 1 x 10'CI/cm't 14.7 psia.
Range: Approximately 10 'o 10'Ci/cm',
'>>Xe equivalent
Background:
Approximately 25 cpm (depen-dent on geographic location) plus 10 cpm per mR/h of external '"Cs field. An empirically determined fraction of the area monitor channel is subtracted to correct for gamma background.
NOBLE GAS (INTERMEDIATERANGE)
Volume: 2.65-inch. diameter x 3-inch. deep (270 cm'olume). This is the same volume viewed by the low range noble gas detector.
Detector: Eberllne energy-compensated Geiger-Mueller (G-M) tube.
Sensitivity:
'>>Xe = 0.41 cpm for 1 yBq MeV/cm'5.99 x 10-'CI/cm') at 14.7 psia, 4'Kr = 0.61 cpm for 1 yBq MeV/cm',
(0.01 pCI/cm') at 14.7 psia.
Range: Approximately 10-'o 10'Ci/cm',
'>>Xe equivalent (1 to 10'Bq MeV/cm').
Background:
Approximately 0.5 cpm (depen.
ding on geographic location) plus 1 cpm per mR/h of external '4Co field. An empirically determined fraction of the background chan-nel (identical detector in the lead shield) is.
subtracted for background compensation.
MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFICATIONS Electronics: Eberline Interface Boxes, Models IB-2, IB-3C, and IB-4A, which contain the detector high voltage, signal amplifier, and line driver provide the function of interfacing the detectors to the microcomputer.
Battery Backup: The SPING-3A contains a bat-tery which automatically powers all of the electronics in the event of loss of external power. This insures against information being lost from the microcomputer's memory for 8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br />.
Check Source: A motor-driven check source assembly and check source is provided for each of the channels with the exception of the intermediate range noble gas channel.
The check sources used include 30 pCi '"Cs sources for the particulate and low-range no-ble gas channels, a 0.5 pCi '>>Ba source for the iodine channel, and a 0.3 pCi "Sr'4Y source for the area monitor (NRC license re.
quired). All of these sources are completely shielded from the detector when in the retracted position. They can be actuated either individually or as a group by keyboard request at the central control terminal or in-dividually at the SPING-3A's location via the display panel.
Analog Signal Input: The acquisition of an analog signal may be desirable in the event the SPING-3A is used as a stack monitor. A signal can be acquired which is represen-tative of the stack flow rate and used in com-putations of radioactive effluent release rates.
Six channels of analog input are standard with the SPING-3A. Two of the channels are used for input of absolute and differential pressure from the installed transducers with four channels of input available for other signals.
PUMP AND FLOW INDICATIONSYSTEM Pump: Eberline Model RAP-3 with adjustable, regulated flow. Recommended sample flow rate is 60 L/min.
Flow Indicator: The flow measurement system consists of an absolute and differential pressure transducer which will pass informa-tion to the microcomputer. This information is then used to calculate the mass flow rate of the monitored air stream. The current ab-solute sample pressure may be viewed at any time by selecting Channel 14 on the digital display. The current sample flow rate in liters per minute may be viewed at any time by selecting Channel 15 on the digital display.
This solid-state flow transducer system is used to correct problems defined by NRC Notice 82-49.
MECHANICALSPECIFICATIONS Size: 45 inches wide x 32 inches deep x 49 inches high (1.14 m x 0.81 m x 1.24 m) with skids.
Weight: Approximately 1500 pounds (682 kg).
Approximately 2000 pounds (910 kg) with the high range noble gas option.
Operating Temperature:
32 'F to 122 'F (O'C to 50'C)
Power Requirements:
115 Vac, 60 Hz at 8 A (operating), 15 A (startup).
Inlet and Outlet Connections: 1-inch o.d.
(2.54 cm) tube compression fittings.
OPTIONS High Range Noble Gas Detector An Eberline Model SA-9 detector assembly for monitoring noble gases in the range of 1 to 1 x 10'/ECI/cm3 referenced to '"Xe.
Detector: Energy-compensated GM tube with 0.7 pCi "Sr-'BY check source which views a portion of a 1-inch.o.d. stainless-steel pipe running through the SA-9.
Sensitivity: 0.01 cpm per yBq-MeV/cm3 at 14.7 psia (1 to 1 x 10'TCI/cm3 of '"Xe).
Background:
Background compensation is ac-complished by automatically subtracting a portion of the signal from the (GM) detector buried in the SA-13 lead block.
Remote Purge/Grab Sample Plumbing This option includes the necessary
- plumbing, software, and a set of motor valves to allow purging of the SPING-3A from the central con-trol terminal as weil as locally via a push-button command. Grab sample ports with hose barbs and valves are also supplied.
Analog Signal Output Occasionally it is desirable to output a signal which is representative of the radiation level sensed by a particular detector in the SPING-3A. This is made possible by the analog out-put option which is a 4 to 20 mA output loop.
Any or all of the measurement channels may have this option except Channel 2 (alpha par-ticulate).
Redundant Communication Interface Eberline central control terminals can be, and often are, configured into a radiation monitor-ing system so that two control terminals com-municate independently to each field micro-computer (SPING-3A, etc.). The redundant communication interface option is needed if communication with two control terminals is intended.
Manual Purge/Grab Sample Plumbing (Stainless Steel)
This option provides the necessary valves and plumbing to allow purging the SPING-3A and to allow grab sampling. All valves included in this option are manually-operated, stainless-steel valves.
Parrot Inltl Inter Holt Holt Barb Barb r
PARTICULATE CHANNEL I
131 CHANNEL NOBLE GAS CHANNELS Low Ranee Mtdnrm R ante HIGH RANGE NOBLE GAS OPTION Notte Gal Cnanrwl Hob Ranee flowPreoewo Tronedoeor V
V
)Al I IB2 2 ta IB 2 IBM STAB I IB 2 2 SCA RAPG Hrtfr Ter<<dab R<<natnrn ANALOGOUTPUT OPTIN I
1 0IAConrer ler Analof Ootpot porlatee fermat<<
Pnro oornmraabatloA vno To Contrat control Toroonal Ebtrlne Mwroeomprrter B Hoor Batltffi
~IIS VAC Cerndr Sooret Rtrorett Al<<m Module Oal ~ and I~Ioa Oltloae SP/NG-3A Functional B/ock Diagram
NO.
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DESCRIPTION This document is for Eberline in-house usage only and is subject to modification at any time.
The process described herein is valid only if performed by Eberline personnel at Eberline facilities.
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DEOChlPTION I OA I >>
) A! O'EBERLINE INSTRUMENT CORPORATION
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SANTA FK, NEW MEXICO Dh.
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CALCULATION OF THE GAMMA BEQUEREL MeV/pCi CONSTANT FOR Xe ALSO UICD OH CFF. WITH DIME SIONAI TCRXRAN UD1eII Otherwhe SPceItICIl
- FhAC, DKC ANCL XXX~115
~ 1ggo X~GC
.HS 12000-20 sheet 1 of 2
CALCULATION OF THE GAMMA BEQUEREL MeV/pCi CONSTANT FOR 133Xe I.
Calculation of the v.Bq.MeV/qCi constant for 133Xe.
MIRD Pamphlet No.
10 lists the following photons (x and gama rays) originating from the decay of 133Xe:
RADIATION PHOTONS/DISINTEGRATION MEAN ENERGY/PHOTON MeV)
Ganma Gaoma Gamma K Alpha-1 X-Ray K Alpha-2 X-Ray K Beta-1 X-Ray K Beta-2 X-Ray L X-Rays
- 0. 0061 0.3603 0.0002 0.2552 0.1321
- 0. 0712 0.0150 0.0823 0.0796 0.0809 0.3839 0.0309 0.0306 0.0349 0.0359 0.0043 Note:
All the photons emitted in less than 0.01 percent of the disintegr ations were omitted.
The mean photon energy emitted per disintegration is determined by:
h (r./d)(NeV.)
I This value is 0.0450 Y ~ Mev based on'he MIRD photon listing.
Since a Bequerel (Bq) is one disintegration per second and there are 3.7 x 104 disintegrations per second/wCi, the Y.Bq Mev/uCi constant for 133Xe"-~
(0.0660 77 6 7 I I I
77 S6.67 I 6.
- 6. I-07:..