ML15068A456

From kanterella
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Greenpeace Report on RPV Microcracking
ML15068A456
Person / Time
Site: Palisades 
Issue date: 02/15/2015
From:
Greenpeace
To:
Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
SECY RAS
Shared Package
ML15068A455 List:
References
50-255-LA2, Pending, RAS 27348
Download: ML15068A456 (10)
v • d • e


Text

!"#$%&'('%&#)*'(+'%,,"'%(-%,,%$(#'.,.,(

/'%%!+%&#%(0'.%1.!/

!"#$%&'()&*+&(&,-.*(-&/0.*-+'&1.0&2#+&+32$0+&345-+(0&$364%20)78

!"#$%&'()*+#"&,(-"$*#&./,0(12)30(4%,"+./,(5"'",&#0(6&'(!"'70(1"8,*&,9(:;.<(=>:?@:

9:;<=&0+5.+36%&>:?('$3(2$.3&.1&2#+&*(%+&'(2+0$(-&.1&2#+&@+%%+-%&$1&5.3%$6+0+6&3+5+%%(0)78A A"7.",'(B*,/C"&'()*+#"&,(-"$*#&./,7(277/+%&.%/'0(4"+"D8",(=>:E@

>B($-40+&.1&2#+&/0+%%40+&@+%%+-&.1&(&C9<&.0&(&D9<&5.3%2$242+%&(3&(55$6+32&*+).36&2#+&6+%$,3

  • (%$%&1.0&E#$5#&2#+0+&$%&3.&%(1+2)&%)%2+'&F&$3+@$2(*-)&-+(6$3,&2.&(&5(2(%20./#$5&0+-+(%+&.1 0(6$.(52$@+&'(2+0$(-&2.&2#+&+3@$0.3'+3278&)*+#"&,(-"&+./,(F&G&,H7(5,""'C"&+"0(=>>?@;

B:D<G=<H&IJ2#&AKIJ

"##$%&&'()('*+#,(-.(&+/&0)#1,(234&.,11(15*1'&!-66789::;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

6 A($B)#<C+#,0,#,(4<,1<DEFAC<+B21#),(4<GB55B3,1H<#"(<A(+B//(1'*I<#,B1<)(H*)',1H<G5*3<,1',+*#,B14<GB21'<,1<

J(5H,*1<)(*+#B)4<K(+(/.()<!L<6@!?<

"##$%&&333-3(1)*-B)H&/(',*&G,5()M$2.5,+&6@!?&!6&6N&G5*34M,1M)$0MG(('.*+OM6@!?I!6I!9-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><

6@!?-

7 F2+5(*)<A(*+#B)<P*Q*)'4<R1HB,1H<K*1H()4<BG<R$()*#,1H<F2+5(*)<S(+"1B5BH><,1<#"(<6!4#<T(1#2)><<A($B)#;<

U)((1$(*+(<V1#()1*#,B1*5;<P(5/2#<P,)4+";<R'*<J(+O();<W>+5(<X+"1(,'();<C1#B1><=)BHH*##<C$),5<6@@:;<

"##$%&&333-H)((1$(*+(-B)H&4(*4,*&#"&Y*H(=,5(4&!@N89L&12+5(*))(*+#B)"*Q*)'4-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><6@!:-<

.23456783952 R1<=(.)2*)><!7#"<6@!:;<#"(<K,)(+#B)<U(1()*5<BG<#"(<=('()*5<CH(1+><GB)<F2+5(*)<TB1#)B5<Z=CFT[<

)(4$B14,.5(<GB)<12+5(*)<4*G(#><,1<J(5H,2/<)(0(*5('<#"*#<#"(<$)B.5(/4<GB21'<,1<#3B<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)4<

"*'<,/$5,+*#,B14<GB)<12+5(*)<4*G(#><3B)5'3,'(-<=CFT<5*#()<$B4#('<*<4#*#(/(1#<B1<,#4<3(.4,#(<

  • 11B21+,1H<#"*#<#"B24*1'4<\\G5*3<,1',+*#,B14]<"*'<.((1<GB21'<'2),1H<,10(4#,H*#,B14<,1<#"(<KB(5<7<
  • 1'<S,"*1H(<6<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(54-<S"(<^G5*3<,1',+*#,B14^<*)(<,1<)(*5,#></,+)B4+B$,+<

+)*+O4-<S"(<',4+5B42)(4<.(+*/(<"(*'5,1(<1(34<*+)B44<J(5H,*1</(',*-<

C#<#"(<4*/(<#,/(;<#3B<4(1,B)<4+,(1#,4#4<_<Y)BG(44B)<W*+KB1*5'<G)B/<#"(<`1,0()4,#><BG<T*5,GB)1,*;<

J()O(5(><*1'<Y)BG(44B)<JBH*()#4<G)B/<#"(<`1,0()4,#><BG<a(20(1<4#*#('<#"*#<.*4('<B1<#"(,)<)(4(*)+";<

+B))B4,B1<(GG(+#4<+B25'<*HH)*0*#('<#"(<#"B24*1'4<BG<+)*+O4<GB21'<,1<#"(<KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6<

)(*+#B)4<*1'<+B25'<(0(1<"*0(<4(0()(<4*G(#><,/$*+#<B1<(0()><)(*+#B)<,1<#"(<3B)5'-

>"#+&$'/.02(35+&.1&2#$%&5.4-6&0(3,+&10.'&$35.3%+L4+32$(-&2.&*+$3,&%.&%+@+0+&2#(2&$2&E.4-6&%#42&

6.E3&(--&2#+&0+(52.0%7&M)&(6@$5+&$%&2#(2&(--&0+(52.0&./+0(2.0%N&436+0&2#+&,4$6(35+&.1&2#+&

0+,4-(2.0)&5.$%%$.3%&%#.4-6&*+&0+L4$0+6&2.&6.&(3&4-20(%.3$5&%40@+)&.1&2#+&/0+%%40+&@+%%+-%7&=--&

.1&2#+'78&I,/J"77/,(4%$89(K&+4/'&#H0(1"8,*&,9(:;.<(=>:?@E S",4<.),(G,1H<(b$5*,14<4B/(<BG<#"(<.*+OH)B21'<#B<#"(<12+5(*)<4*G(#><+),4,4<,1<J(5H,2/<*1'<4B/(<BG<

  1. "(<,/$5,+*#,B14<H5B.*55><GB)<(0()><+B//()+,*5<)(*+#B)<+2))(1#5><B$()*#,1H-

,:7365;2(4<=8354>(92>?<83952(4<@<=A>(?45BA<C V1<c21(<6@!6<'2),1H<)(H25*)</*,1#(1*1+(<4"2#'B31<BG<#"(<#",)#><#")((<>(*)<B5':<KB(5<7<12+5(*)<

)(*+#B)<B$()*#('<.><E5(+#)*.(5<Z*<+B/$*1><BG<#"(<U'=IX`Ed<U)B2$[<*1<25#)*4B1,+<Z`S[<,14$(+#,B1<

3*4<$()GB)/('<B1<#"(<4#((5<A(*+#B)<Y)(442)(<e(44(5<ZAYe[-<K2),1H<1B)/*5<$B3()<B$()*#,B1<#"(<

)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(5<,4<1B#<*++(44,.5(<GB)<,14$(+#,B14-<C4<*<)(425#<'(G(+#4</*><)(/*,1<21'(#(+#('<

GB)<5B1H()<$(),B'4<BG<#,/(-<V1<+B1#)*4#<#B<$)(0,B24<#(4#4;<3",+"<B15><*44(44('<<4(0()*5<$)(I$)($*)('<

$*)#4<BG<#"(<0(44(5<42)G*+(;<#"(<3(5',1H<QB1(4<B1<#"(<0(44(5<*1'<\\'2//,(4]<#"*#<*)(<"*1H,1H<,14,'(<

  1. "(<0(44(5;<#"(<1(3<4+*1<,14$(+#('<*</2+"<5*)H()<*)(*<BG<#"(<0(44(5-<

A(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(54;<3",+"<+B1#*,1<#"(<",H"5><)*',B*+#,0(<12+5(*)<G2(5<,1<12+5(*)<$B3()<$5*1#4;<

  • )(</*'(<BG<4#((5<$5*#(4<#"*#<*)(<3(5'('<#BH(#"()-<F(2#)B14<G)B/<#"(<G2(5<,1<#"(<)(*+#B)<,))*',*#(<#"(<

0(44(5<*4<#"(<)(*+#B)<,4<B$()*#('-<S",4<+*1<(/.),##5(<#"(<4#((5;<B)</*O(<,#<5(44<#B2H";<3",+"<"*4<

4,H1,G,+*1#<4*G(#><,/$5,+*#,B14<GB)<#"(<,1#(H),#><BG<#"(<$)(442)(<0(44(5-S"(<25#)*4B1,+<,14$(+#,B1<GB21'<*<5*)H(<12/.()<BG<\\G5*3<,1',+*#,B14^]<B)</,+)B<+)*+O4<,1<#"(<5B3()<

  • 1'<2$$()<)(*+#B)<+B)(<4"(554<BG<#"(<KB(5<7<$)(442)(<0(44(5-N<E5(+#)*.(5<$()GB)/('<,14$(+#,B14<BG<#"(<

G255<#",+O1(44<BG<#"(<0(44(5<3*55<24,1H<#"(<`S;<*1'<*$$)Bb,/*#(5><8;@@@<f2*4,I5*/,1*)<ZgIa[</,+)B<

+)*+O4<3()(<'(#(+#('<,1<#"(<.*4(</(#*5<Z)(/B#(<G)B/<#"(<3(5'4[<3,#"<*<#")B2H"I3*55<'($#"<(b#(1',1H G)B/<4(0()*5</,55,/(#()4<Z//[<.(>B1'<#"(<+5*'I.*4(</(#*5<,1#()G*+(<ZTJWV[<#B<*.B2#<N@h<BG<#"(<

3*55<#",+O1(44<G)B/<#"(<,11()<42)G*+(-<

?

V1#()0,(3<3,#"<J(5H,*1<1*#,B1*5<4#*#(<.)B*'+*4#();<

  1. 22/OPP6+0+6(52$+7*+P5'P@023$+4E%P@$6+.Q.3+P/0.,0((%P2+0Q(R+PA7STUIA7&K,H.><W*+'B1*5';<,4<Y)BG(44B)<,1<

A(4,'(1+(;<K($*)#/(1#<BG<W*#(),*54<X+,(1+(<*1'<E1H,1((),1H;<`T<J()O(5(>;<

"##$4%&&333-12+-.()O(5(>-('2&$(B$5(&',H.>I/*+'B1*5';<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

VCEC<YB3()<A(*+#B)<V1GB)/*#,B1<X>4#(/;<"##$4%&&$),4-,*(*-B)H&YAVX&TB21#)>X#*#,4#,+4&A(*+#B)K(#*,54-*4$bi

+2))(1#j!6;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

N S"(4(<*)(<'(4+),.('<*4<f2*4,I5*/,1*)<,1',+*#,B14<,1<#"(<.(5#<5,1(<),1H<GB)H,1H4-

V14#,#2#<'(<A*',B$)B#(+#,B1<(#<'(<X2)(#(<F2+5(*,)(<VAXF S"(</,+)B<+)*+O4<GB21'<3()(<+,)+25*)<,1<4"*$(<*1'</B4#<"*0(<',*/(#()<5(1H#"<BG<!@<//<B)<5(44;<

3,#"<*</*b,/2/<',*/(#()<5(1H#"<BG<L@<//-L<C<G2)#"()<#(4#<GB21'<*<5*)H(<12/.()<BG<42+"<G5*34<

'(($()<,14,'(<#"(</*#(),*5-<C<4,/,5*)<,14$(+#,B1<$()GB)/('<,1<X($#(/.()<6@!6<*#<#"(<#",)#><#3B<>(*)<

B5'8<S,"*1H(<6<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(5<4"B3('<4,/,5*)</,+)B<+)*+O4<.2#<5(44<#"*1<*#<KB(5<_<k24#<

21'()<6@@@<,1<#B#*5-DE645F<2(GA=H<>(=26(C=27G=837492F(8=7><(

S"(<(b$5*1*#,B1<$)B0,'('<.><=CFT<*1'<E5(+#)*.(5<.(#3((1<6@!6<*1'<6@!7<GB)<#"(<#"B24*1'4<BG<

/,+)B<+)*+O4<3*4<'2(<#B<#"(<$)(4(1+(<BG<">')BH(1<G5*O(4<3,#",1<#"(<4#((5;<*1'<#"*#<#"(><3()(<5,O(5><

  1. B<"*0(<.((1<$)(4(1#<'2),1H<#"(<GB)H,1H</*12G*+#2)(<BG<#"(<4#((5<0(44(54-<S"(<$)(4(1+(<BG<">')BH(1<

G5*O(4<3*4<*<)(425#<BG<4/*55<)2$#2)(4<,1<#"(<+*).B1<4#((5</*#(),*5<$)B'2+('<.><#"(<)(5(*4(<BG<",H"I

$)(442)(<">')BH(1<H*4;<3",+"<3*4<#)*$$('<,1<#"(</(#*5<'2),1H<#"(<4#((5</*O,1H<$)B+(44;<*++B)',1H<

L

\\W*#(),*54<A(5,*.,5,#><Y)BH)*/%<E0*52*#,B1<BG<#"(<A(*+#B)<e(44(5<J(5#5,1(<X"(55<=B)H,1H4<BG<R$()*#,1H<`-X-<YDA4<

GB)<g2*4,Ia*/,1*)<V1',+*#,B14];<ZWAYI7NL[<7@@6@@@N?L<=VFCa<A($B)#;<R+#B.()<6@!7<FB1IY),0,5(H('&TB1G,'(1#,*5 e()4,B1<GB)<FATZY),0,5(H('<lTB1G,'(1#,*5<e()4,B1<42./,##('<#B<FAT<21'()<CGG,'*0,#[;<`X<F2+5(*)<A(H25*#B)><

TB//,44,B1;<"##$%&&$.*'2$34-1)+-HB0&'B+4&Wa!?@N&Wa!?@N?C?!!-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

8 VCEC<YB3()<A(*+#B)<V1GB)/*#,B1<X>4#(/;<"##$4%&&$),4-,*(*-B)H&YAVX&TB21#)>X#*#,4#,+4&A(*+#B)K(#*,54-*4$bi

+2))(1#j!7;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

  1. B<#"(<,10(4#,H*#,B14-<E2)B$(*1<12+5(*)<)(H25*#B)4<*5B1H<3,#"<#"(,)<$*)#1()<*H(1+,(4<3B)5'<3,'(<

+B1+52'('<#"*#<>(55.06$3,&2.&5400+32&R3.E-+6,+&#)60.,+3&1-(R+%&'()&.3-)&1.0'&640$3,&

'(341(5240$3,&.1&2#+&*(%+&'+2(-78V C4<*<)(425#;<#"(<GB+24<#2)1('<#B<#"(<0(44(5</*12G*+#2)()<I<AB##()'*/<K)>'B+O<TB/$*1><

ZAB##()'*/4+"(<K)BBH'BO<W**#4+"*$$,k;<AKW[-<S"(<+B1+524,B1<BG<#"(<,10(4#,H*#,B14<3*4<#"*#<

$)(442)(<0(44(5<+B14#)2+#,B1<+B'(<,14$(+#,B14<(,#"()<','<1B#<'(#(+#<B)<','<1B#<*'(f2*#(5><'B+2/(1#<

  1. "(<(b,4#(1+(<BG<#"(4(<,1',+*#,B14-!@

S3(1#><#3B<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(54<*)(<,14#*55('<,1<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)4<3B)5'3,'(</*'(<.><AKW-!!<<

S"(<)(4$B14(<G)B/<)(H25*#B)4<)*1H('<G)B/<)(f2,),1H<*,#,B1*5<,14$(+#,B14;<#B<*442)*1+(4<#"*#<1B<

4,/,5*)<G5*34<"*'<.((1<,'(1#,G,('<,1<#"(<)(*+#B)4<+B1+()1('-!6<V1<*,#,B1<#B<*44(44,1H<#"(<0(44(54<

/*12G*+#2)('<.><AKW;<)(H25*#B)4<*54B<*4O('<GB)<*44(44/(1#4<BG<#"(<4$(+,G,+<#>$(<BG</*12G*+#2),1H<

24('<.><AKW<_<4B<+*55('<.(5#5,1(<),1H<GB)H,1H4-!7<V1<#"(<`1,#('<X#*#(4<GB)<(b*/$5(<G*.),+*#,B1<'*#*<

GB21'<#"*#<#3(1#>IB1(<B$()*#,1H<`-X-<YDA4<*1'<1B<JDA4<"*0(<.(5#5,1(<),1H<GB)H,1H4-V1<6@!7<*1'<6@!?<#"(<1B1IHB0()1/(1#*5<E2)B$(*1<)(H25*#B)><.B'><DEFAC;<)(+B//(1'('<#"*#<

,14$(+#,B14<.(</*'(<BG<#"(<B),H,1*5</*12G*+#2),1H<*1'<,14$(+#,B1<)(+B)'4<BG<*55<E2)B$(*1<12+5(*)<

)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(54!?;<*1';

>:?('$3(2$.3&.1&2#+&*(%+&'(2+0$(-&.1&2#+&@+%%+-%&$1&5.3%$6+0+6&3+5+%%(0)78IJ PB3(0();<#"(><+B1#,12('<#B<GB+24<B1<#"(<B),H,1<BG<#"(<$)B.5(/<.(,1H</*12G*+#2),1H-S"(<H(1()*5<+B1+524,B1<G)B/<1*#,B1*5<)(H25*#B)4<*1'<GB55B3,1H<)($B)#4<G)B/<)(*+#B)<B$()*#B)4<3*4<

  1. "*#<#"(<#>$(<BG</,+)BI+)*+O4<GB21'<,1<KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6<)(*+#B)4<','<1B#<(b,4#<,1<#"(,)<12+5(*)<

$B3()<$5*1#4-!N 9

DB)5'<F2+5(*)<C44B+,*#,B1;<X*G(#><+"(+O4<B1<)(*+#B)<0(44(54;<C2H24#<68#"<6@!6;<"##$%&&333-3B)5'I12+5(*)I 1(34-B)H&)4I4*G(#>M+"(+O4MB1M)(*+#B)M0(44(54I68@8!6?-"#/5;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

F2+5(*)<)(*+#B)<0(44(54<*)(<,14$(+#('<*#<#,/(<BG<G*.),+*#,B1<*++B)',1H<#B<*$$5,+*.5(<+B14#)2+#,B1<+B'(4;<*1'<#"(<

,14$(+#,B1<)(+B)'4<*)(<)(f2,)('<#B<.(<)(#*,1('<GB)<#"(<5,G(<BG<#"(<$5*1#-

V1<*,#,B1<#B<#"(<#3B<$)(442)(<0(44(54<,1<KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6</*12G*+#2)('<.><AKW;<0(44(54<3()(<*54B<42$$5,('<#B C)H(1#,1*<Z![;<U()/*1><Z6[;<X$*,1<Z6[;<`XC<Z!@[;<X3('(1<Z![<*1'<X3,#Q()5*1'<Z6[;<#"(<F(#"()5*1'4<Z![;XB2$mB14<42) 5(4<+20(4<'(<66<)n*+#(2)4<12+5n*,)(4;<a(<WB1'(;<C2H24#<8#"<6@!6;<<

"##$%&&333-5(/B1'(-G)&$5*1(#(&*)#,+5(&6@!6&@8&@9&4B2$+B14I42)I5(4I+20(4I'(I66I)(*+#(2)4I 12+5(*,)(4M!L??@8NM76??-"#/5;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!:#"<6@!:-

!6 DB)5'<F2+5(*)<C44B+,*#,B1;<X*G(#><+"(+O4<B1<)(*+#B)<0(44(54;<C2H24#<68#"<6@!6;<"##$%&&333-3B)5'I12+5(*)I 1(34-B)H&)4I4*G(#>M+"(+O4MB1M)(*+#B)M0(44(54I68@8!6?-"#/5;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

!7 a*)H(<$)(442)(<0(44(54<*)(<G*.),+*#('<.><#3B</(#"B'4-<V1<#"(<G,)4#</(#"B';<)B55('<*1'<3(5'('<$5*#(4<*)(<24('<#B<GB)/<

4($*)*#(<4#((5<+B2)4(4-<X2+"<*<0(44(5<"*4<.B#"<5B1H,#2',1*5<*1'<+,)+2/G()(1#,*5<3(5'<4(*/4-<V1<4B/(<B5'()<0(44(54<

'(4,H1('<.(GB)(<!9L6;<#"(<5B1H,#2',1*5<3(5'4<*)(<BG<$*)#,+25*)<+B1+()1<3,#"<)(H*)'<#B<0(44(5<,1#(H),#><.(+*24(<#"(><

+B1#*,1<",H"<5(0(54<BG<+B$$()<*1'<$"B4$"B)B24-<V1<#"(<4(+B1'</(#"B';<5*)H(<),1H<GB)H,1H4<*)(<24('-<S",4</(#"B'<,4<

,1#(1'('<#B<,/$)B0(<+B/$B1(1#<)(5,*.,5,#><.(+*24(<BG<#"(<5*+O<BG<5B1H,#2',1*5<3(5'4-<D(5'<4(*/4<*)(<5B+*#('<#B<

  • 0B,'<,1#()4(+#,B1<3,#"<1BQQ5(<$(1(#)*#,B1<3(5'/(1#4-<S)*',#,B1*55><#"(<$*)#<BG<#"(<0(44(5<BG<$),/*)><+B1+()1<3,#"<

)(H*)'<#B<*H(I)(5*#('<'(H)*'*#,B1<,4<#"(<+B)(<.(5#5,1(<o<#"(<)(H,B1<BG<4"(55</*#(),*5<',)(+#5><42))B21',1H<#"(<(GG(+#,0(

"(,H"#<BG<#"(<G2(5<(5(/(1#<*44(/.5,(4;<$524<*1<*,#,B1*5<0B52/(<BG<4"(55</*#(),*5<.B#"<.(5B3<*1'<*.B0(<#"(<*+#,0(<

)(*+#B)<+B)(-

!?

DEFAC<)(+B//(1'4<)(*+#B)<0(44(5<+"(+O4;<DB)5'<F2+5(*)<C44B+,*#,B1;<C2H24#<7@#"<6@!7;<"##$%&&333-3B)5'I 12+5(*)I1(34-B)H&AXIDEFACM)(+B//(1'4M)(*+#B)M0(44(5M+"(+O4I7@@8!7?-"#/5;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

A($B)#<C+#,0,#,(4<,1<DEFAC<+B21#),(4<GB55B3,1H<#"(<A(+B//(1'*I<#,B1<)(H*)',1H<G5*3<,1',+*#,B14<GB21'<,1<

J(5H,*1<)(*+#B)4<K(+(/.()<!L<6@!?<

"##$%&&333-3(1)*-B)H&/(',*&G,5()M$2.5,+&6@!?&!6&6N&G5*34M,1M)$0MG(('.*+OM6@!?I!6I!9-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><

6@!?-

!N

\\A($B)#<C+#,0,#,(4<,1<DEFAC<+B21#),(4<GB55B3,1H<#"(<A(+B//(1'*#,B1<)(H*)',1H<G5*3<,1',+*#,B14<GB21'<,1<J(5H,*1

)(*+#B)4];<K(+(/.()<!L#"<6@!?;<"##$%&&333-3(1)*-B)H&/(',*&G,5()M$2.5,+&6@!?&!6&6N&G5*34M,1M)$0MG(('.*+OM6@!?I

!6I!9-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

X,1+(<#"(<,14$(+#,B1<)(425#4<)(0(*5('<*<$B#(1#,*5<4*G(#><+B1+()1;<#"(<KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6<FYY4<

)(/*,1('<,1<+B5'<4"2#'B31<3",5(<#"(<5,+(14((<$()GB)/('<*<4*G(#><(0*52*#,B1<#B<'(#()/,1(<,G<#"(><

+B25'<4*G(5><.(<)(#2)1('<#B<4()0,+(-<S",4<4*G(#><+*4(<3*4<$)(4(1#('<#B<#"(<J(5H,*1<4*G(#><*2#"B),#,(4<

,1<#3B<4($*)*#(<'B+2/(1#4<*#<#"(<(1'<BG<6@!6-<=CFT<+B1G,)/('<#"*#<*#<#"*#<#,/(<,#<3*4<1B#<$B44,.5(<

  1. B<+B1G,)/<#"(<(b*+#<)BB#<+*24(<BG<#"(<">')BH(1<G5*O,1H-!L<PB3(0()<3,#"B2#<21'()4#*1',1H<#"(<)BB#<

+*24(<BG<#"(<$)B.5(/;<=CFT<*1'<B#"()<1*#,B1*5<12+5(*)<)(H25*#B)4<4"B25'<1B#<"*0(<+B//21,+*#('<

  1. "*#<#"(<$)B.5(/<3*4<'2(<#B</*12G*+#2),1H<5,/,#('<#B<#"B4(<$)(442)(<0(44(54<$)B'2+('<,1<#"(<

F(#"()5*1'4-CG#()<#"(<+B1+524,B1<BG<*<4*G(#><)($B)#;<=CFT<*$$)B0('<#"(<)(*+#B)4<GB)<4*G(#><*1'<#"(><3()(<

)(4#*)#('<,1<W*><6@!7-<

J2#<=CFT<,1<,#4<G,1*5<4*G(#><)($B)#<*54B<5(G#<B$(1<#"(<$B44,.,5,#><#"*#<#"(<+*24(<3*4<1B#<

/*12G*+#2),1H<>W.E+@+0N&$2&$%&3.2&/.%%$*-+&2.&,4(0(32++&2#$%&(%%4'/2$.3&E$2#&(*%.-42+&5+02($32)&

E$2#.42&/+01.0'$3,&6+%20452$@+&2+%2$3,&.3&2#+&0+(52.0&/0+%%40+&@+%%+-%N&E#$5#&$%&3.2&(3&./2$.378IX

!<;(3<>3>(I(2<;(657B3>(

S"(<21+()#*,1#,(4<,1<#"(<+B1+524,B14<BG<#"(,)<6@!7<*44(44/(1#4<*1'<,1'($(1'(1#<+),#,+*5<*1*5>4,4!9<<

5('<=CFT<#B<)(f2,)(<E5(+#)*.(5<#B<+B1'2+#<*<4(),(4<BG</*#(),*54<#(4#4<+B1'2+#('<*#<#"(<JA6<)(4(*)+"<

)(*+#B)<.><XTp<,1<WB5<G)B/<6@!7I6@!?-<S"(4(<#(4#4<,10B50('<.B/.*)',1H<*<4*/$5(<BG<4#((5<#B<

1(2#)B1<)*',*#,B1<#B<4,/25*#(<?@<>(*)4<BG<B$()*#,B1-<C5#"B2H"<#"(4(<#(4#<)(425#4<"*0(<1B#<.((1</*'(<

$2.5,+;<#"(<,1',+*#,B14<'2),1H<6@!?<3()(<#"*#<#"(><',4+B0()('<4(),B24<$)B.5(/4-<C4<E5(+#)*.(5<

,1GB)/('<#"(<)(H25*#B)<B1<6:#"<W*)+"<6@!?;

>2#+&2+%2%777#(6&/0.645+6&%.'+&43+?/+52+6&0+%4-2%78AK R1<#"(<4*/(<'*>;<E5(+#)*.(5&UK=IX2(Q<*11B21+('<#"(<,//(',*#(<4"2#'B31<BG<#"(<KB(5I7<*1'<

S,"*1H(I6<)(*+#B)4-6!<

S"(<'(+,4,B1<3*4<#*O(1<*G#()<B1(<BG<#"(<#(4#4<>0+-(2+6&2.&2#+&'+5#(3$5(-&%20+3,2#&.1&(&%('/-+&

(3(-.,4+&2.&2#+&5.'/.%$2$.3&.1&2#+&5.35+03+6&@+%%+-%&6$6&3.2&6+-$@+0&0+%4-2%&$3&-$3+&E$2#&+?/+02%&

+?/+52(2$.3%87<C,#,B1*5<#(4#,1H<+B1G,)/('<#"(<21(b$(+#('<.("*0,B2)<BG<#"(<">')BH(1<G5*O('<

/*#(),*5;<E5(+#)*.(5<4#*)#('<*<4(+B1'<,))*',*#,B1<+*/$*,H1<,1<C$),5<6@!?<*#<#"(<JA6<)(4(*)+"<)(*+#B)<

  1. B<*143()<#"(<0*),B24<f2(4#,B14<)*,4('<.><#",4<,442(<*1'<#B<+B1G,)/<B)<',4+B21#<4B/(<$B#(1#,*5<

(b$5*1*#,B14-<\\S",4<4(+B1'<,))*',*#,B1<+*/$*,H1<*H*,1<+B1G,)/('<#"(<21(b$(+#('<.("*0,B2)<.2#<','<

1B#<$)B0,'(<*<+5(*)<(b$5*1*#,B1<BG<#"(<1B1I"*)'(1,1H<(/.),##5(/(1#<$"(1B/(1B1<B.4()0('<,1<#"(<

eJ79:<G5*O('</*#(),*5-]66

!L

\\KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6<A(*+#B)<Y)(442)(<e(44(54<=,1*5<E0*52*#,B1<A($B)#];<W*><6@!7;<=('()*5<CH(1+><GB)<F2+5(*)<

TB1#)B5<Z=CFT[;<J(5H,2/;<"##$%&&G*1+-GHB0-.(&UEK&@@@@@@@@&7?@@&7?69-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!:#"<6@!:-

!8

\\KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6<A(*+#B)<Y)(442)(<e(44(54<=,1*5<E0*52*#,B1<A($B)#];<W*><6@!7;<=('()*5<CH(1+><GB)<F2+5(*)<

TB1#)B5<Z=CFT[;<J(5H,2/;<"##$%&&G*1+-GHB0-.(&UEK&@@@@@@@@&7?@@&7?69-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!:#"<6@!:-

!9

\\=5*3('<A(*+#B)<Y)(442)(<e(44(54<,1<J(5H,*1<F2+5(*)<Y5*1#4<KB(5I7<*1'<S,"*1H(I6];<V54(<S3(();<W*#(),*54<X+,(1#,4#;<

TB1425#*1#;<A($B)#<+B//,44,B1('<.><#"(<U)((14&E=C<U)B2$<,1<#"(<E2)B$(*1<Y*)5,*/(1#;<W*)+"<6@!7;<4((<

"##$%&&333-H)((14I(G*-(2&G,5(*'/,1&'*/&KB+2/(1#4&X#2',(4&=5*3('h6@A(*+#B)h6@Y)(442)(h6@e(44(54-$'G;<*++(44('<

=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

6@

\\=5*3<,1',+*#,B14<,1<#"(<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(54<BG<KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6];<Y)BH)(44<A($B)#<6@!?;<=CFT;<<

"##$%&&333-G*1+-.(&UEK&@@@@@@@@&7L@@&7L:!-$'G 6!

E5(+#)*.(5&UK=IX2(Q;<\\C1#,+,$*#,1H<$5*11('<B2#*H(4<BG<KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6<)(*+#B)4];<6:<W*)+"<6@!?;<4((<

"##$4%&&333-(5(+#)*.(5-+B/&(1&+B)$B)*#(&*)#,+5(i*)#,+5(j!?I@7I6:I*1#,+,$*#,1HI$5*11('IB2#*H(4I'B(57I#,"*1H(6I

)(*+#B)4; 66

\\=5*3<,1',+*#,B14<,1<#"(<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(54<BG<KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6];<Y)BH)(44<)($B)#<6@!?;<=CFT;<

"##$%&&333-G*1+-GHB0-.(&UEK&@@@@@@@@&7L@@&7L:!-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

=CFT<)($B)#('<#"*#<>2#+&'(2+0$(-Y%&+'*0$22-+'+32&(//+(0%&2.&*+&,0+(2+0&2#(3&.3+&E.4-6&+?/+52&

  • (%+6&.3&2#+&20+36&540@+%&0+/.02+6&$3&2#+&+?$%2$3,&-$2+0(240+87AS C#<#"(<4*/(<#,/(<E5(+#)*.(5<)($B)#('<#"*#<GB55B3,1H<4"2#'B31<BG<KB(5<*1'<S,"*1H(<25#)*4B1,+<

,14$(+#,B14;<4"B3('<#"*#<*<+B/$*),4B1<3,#"<#"(<1(3<6@!?<'*#*<3,#"<#"B4(<G)B/<6@!6I6@!7;<*$$5>,1H

  1. "(<4*/(<'(#(+#,B1<*1'<4,Q,1H<$)B+('2)(;<"*4<4"B31<#"*#<#"(<G5*3<,1',+*#,B14<','<1B#<(0B50(<'2),1H<

B$()*#,B1<G)B/<W*><6@!7<#B<W*)+"<6@!?-6?

C4</*#(),*54<4+,(1#,4#<V554(<S3(()<+B1+52'(';<>;.&+?/+0$'+32(-&6(2(&+?$%2&.3&0(6$(2$.3&

+'*0$22-+'+32&.1&0+(52.0&'(2+0$(-%&E$2#&#)60.,+3&1-(R$3,7&Z00(6$(2$.3&/0.,0('%&$3&2#+&14240+&

E.4-6&0+L4$0+&#$,#F1-4?&$00(6$(2$.3&$3&.06+0&2.&,+2&0+%4-2%&$3&0+(%.3(*-+&2$'+&/+0$.6%7&[4+&2.&(&

/.%%$*-+&6.%+&0(2+&+11+52&#$,#F1-4?&$00(6$(2$.3&0+%4-2%&'$,#2&436+0+%2$'(2+&2#+&0+(-&+'*0$22-+'+327 Z2&#(%&2.&*+&R+/2&$3&'$36&2#(2&3.&<C\\&%/+5$1$5&'(2+0$(-&+?$%2%&1.0&%45#&(3&$00(6$(2$.3&/0.,0('7&

"#+&%/+5$'+3%&10.'&2#+&=<:\\=&'(2+0$(-&]&(&0+^+52+6&%2+('&,+3+0(2.0&0$3,&F&5(33.2&*+&

5.3%$6+0+6&2.&*+&0+/0+%+32(2$@+786:

C4<*<)(425#<BG<#"(</*#(),*54<#(4#,1H<)(425#4<3",+"<"*0(<.((1<+B1'2+#('<*#<#"(<JA6<)(4(*)+"<)(*+#B)<,1 WB5<,#<*$$(*)('<,1<6@!?<#"*#<=CFT<3*4<+B14,'(),1H<#"*#<#"(<$)B.5(/<,4<1B#<5,/,#('<#B<#"(<6!<

$)(442)(<0(44(54<#"*#<3()(</*12G*+#2)('<,1<#"(<F(#"()5*1'4<.2#<$B#(1#,*55><,4<*<$)B.5(/<GB)<12+5(*)<

)(*+#B)4<3B)5'<3,'(-<S",4<3*4<,1+52'('<*4<*<$B44,.,5,#><,1<#"(,)<6@!7<G,1*5<)($B)#;<.2#<3*4<1B#<

",H"5,H"#('<,1<#"(,)<+B//21,+*#,B1<*#<#"(<#,/(;<*1'<H,0(1<#"(<,/$5,+*#,B14<3*4<*54B<1B#<

+B//21,+*#('<.><#"(<12+5(*)<,1'24#)><*1'<)(H25*#B)4<H5B.*55>-

!<;(69>8A5>74<>(

S3B</*#(),*54<4+,(1#,4#4<',4+5B4('<B1<=(.)2*)><!7#"<6@!:<#"*#<#"(<$)B.5(/<3,#"<#"(<J(5H,*1<)(*+#B)<

0(44(54<+B25'<.(<<#"(</,H)*#,B1<BG<">')BH(1<*#B/4<,1#B<#"(<4#((5<$)(442)(<0(44(5-<C4<Y)BG(44B)<

W*+KB1*5'<(b$5*,1(';<#"(<$"(1B/(1B1<,4<#"(<(1#)><BG<">')BH(1<G)B/<3*#()<3",+"<,4<B1<#"(<,14,'(<

BG<#"(<$)(442)(<0(44(5;<#"(<3*#()<,4<,1<+B1#*+#<3,#"<4#*,15(44<4#((5<4"((#;<.2#<">')BH(1<+*1<HB<#")B2H"

  1. "(<4#*,15(44<4#((5<4"((#-<>9#(2&#(//+3%&$1&#)60.,+3&$%&$3^+52+6&(%&#)60.,+3&(2.'%&(36&2#+)&(0+&

%'(--&(36&+(%$-)&'.@+&2#0.4,#&2#+&-(22$5+77JZ2&$%&-$R+&#(@$3,&(&'(0*-+&'.@+&*+2E++3&*$--$(06&

  • (--%87AU

>"#+&$'/.02(35+7775.4-6&0(3,+&10.'&$35.3%+L4+32$(-&2.&*+$3,&%.&%+@+0+&2#(2&$2&E.4-6&%#42&6.E3&

(--&2#+&0+(52.0%7&M)&(6@$5+&$%&2#(2&(--&0+(52.0&./+0(2.0%N&436+0&2#+&,4$6(35+&.1&2#+&0+,4-(2.0)&

5.$%%$.3%&%#.4-6&*+&0+L4$0+6&2.&6.&(3&4-20(%.3$5&%40@+)&.1&2#+&/0+%%40+&@+%%+-%7&=--&.1&2#+'78&

I,/J"77/,(4%$89(K&+4/'&#H0(1"8,*&,9(:;.<(=>:?@=L V#<3*4<(b$5*,1(';<#"*#<21#,5<1B3;<*1*5>4,4<"*4<B15><#*O(1<*</(+"*1,+*5<0,(3$B,1#<BG<3"*#<,4<

"*$$(1,1H-&>D42&2#+&1436('+32(-&0..2&5(4%+&.1&2#$%&$%&'.%2&-$R+-)&(&5.00.%$.3&/0.*-+'7&=36&

43-+%%&E+&6+(-&E$2#&2#+&0..2&5(4%+N&E+&(0+&3+@+0&-$R+-)&2.&436+0%2(36&2#+&/#+3.'+3.378 67

\\=5*3<,1',+*#,B14<,1<#"(<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(54<BG<KB(5<7<*1'<S,"*1H(<6];<Y)BH)(44<)($B)#<6@!?;<=CFT;<

"##$%&&333-G*1+-GHB0-.(&UEK&@@@@@@@@&7L@@&7L:!-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

6?

"##$%&&333-G*1+-GHB0-.(&UEK&@@@@@@@@&7L@@&7L:!-$'G 6:

V54(<S3(();<\\=5*3('<A(*+#B)<Y)(442)(<e(44(54<,1<J(5H,*1<F2+5(*)<Y5*1#4<KB(5I7<*1'<S,"*1H(I6];<W*#(),*54<X+,(1#,4#;<

TB1425#*1#;<A($B)#<+B//,44,B1('<.><#"(<U)((14&E=C<U)B2$<,1<#"(<E2)B$(*1<Y*)5,*/(1#;<W*)+"<6@!7;<4((<

"##$%&&333-H)((14I(G*-(2&G,5(*'/,1&'*/&KB+2/(1#4&X#2',(4&=5*3('h6@A(*+#B)h6@Y)(442)(h6@e(44(54-$'G;<*++(44('<

=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

6N V1#()0,(3<3,#"<J(5H,*1<1*#,B1*5<4#*#(<.)B*'+*4#();<

  1. 22/OPP6+0+6(52$+7*+P5'P@023$+4E%P@$6+.Q.3+P/0.,0((%P2+0Q(R+PA7STUIA7&

6L V1#()0,(3<3,#"<J(5H,*1<1*#,B1*5<4#*#(<.)B*'+*4#();<

  1. 22/OPP6+0+6(52$+7*+P5'P@023$+4E%P@$6+.Q.3+P/0.,0((%P2+0Q(R+PA7STUIA7&K,H.><W*+'B1*5';<,4<Y)BG(44B)<,1<

A(4,'(1+(;<K($*)#/(1#<BG<W*#(),*54<X+,(1+(<*1'<E1H,1((),1H;<`T<J()O(5(>;<

"##$4%&&333-12+-.()O(5(>-('2&$(B$5(&',H.>I/*+'B1*5';<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

>"#+&5.3%+L4+35+%&5.4-6&*+&@+0)&%+@+0+777_$R+&10(5240$3,&2#+&/0+%%40+&@+%%+-7&_.%%&.1&5..-(32&

(55$6+327&"#$%&E.4-6&*+&(&-+(R&*+1.0+&*0+(R&%5+3(0$.7&Z3&E#$5#&5(%+&*+1.0+&(&10(5240+&.1&(&/$/+&

.55400+6777&).4&E.4-6&%++&(&^+2&.1&%2+('&5.'$3,&.42&2#0.4,#&2#+&$3%4-(2$.37&M)&(6@$5+&$%&2#(2&(--&

0+(52.0&./+0(2.0%N&436+0&2#+&,4$6(35+&.1&2#+&0+,4-(2.0)&5.$%%$.3%&%#.4-6&*+&0+L4$0+6&2.&6.&(3&

4-20(%.3$5&%40@+)&.1&2#+&/0+%%40+&@+%%+-%7&=--&.1&2#+'78 VG<+B1G,)/('<'2),1H<#"(<+B/,1H<3((O4<*1'</B1#"4<#"(<,/$5,+*#,B14<*)(<$)BGB21'-

J(5H,2/<$)BG(44B)<*1'<*<4$(+,*5,4#<,1<12+5(*)</*#(),*5<+B))B4,B1;<D*5#()<JBH*()#4;68<4#*#('<B1<

=(.)2*)><!7#"<6@!:;<#"*#;<!Z1&Z&#(6&2.&+%2$'(2+N&Z&E.4-6&0+(--)&*+&%40/0$%+6&$1&$2&777&#(6&.55400+6&

3.E#+0+&+-%+7!<*1'<#"*#;

>Z&('&(10($6&2#(2&2#+&5.00.%$.3&(%/+52%&#(@+&*++3&436+0+%2$'(2+678 E5(+#)*.(5<,1<)(4$B14(<#B<#"(<5*#(4#<'(0(5B$/(1#<"*4<4#*#('<#"*#<,#<,4<$)($*)('<#B<+B1'2+#<G2)#"()<#(4#4

  • 4<'(/*1'('<.><=CFT-69

,=G<3E(9C?A98=3952>((=26(=F<92F(278A<=4(4<=8354>(

!"#$%&'()&*+&(&,-.*(-&/0.*-+'&1.0&2#+&+32$0+&345-+(0&$364%20)7&

!"#$%&'()*+#"&,(-"$*#&./,0(12)30(4%,"+./,(5"'",&#0(6&'(!"'70(1"8,*&,9(:;.<(=>:?@;>

S"(<,14,'(<BG<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<+B1#*,14<+BB5,1H<3*#();</*'(<2$<BG<">')BH(1<*1'<Bb>H(1-<

P>')BH(1<',44B50(4<,1</(#*54<*4<*1<*#B/<B)<4+)((1('<$)B#B1<)*#"()<#"*1<*4<*<">')BH(1</B5(+25(-7!<

S"(</B4#<'*/*H,1H<(GG(+#<BG<">')BH(1<,1<4#)2+#2)*5</*#(),*54<,4<">')BH(1<(/.),##5(/(1#-<W*#(),*54<

424+($#,.5(<#B<#",4<$)B+(44<(b",.,#<*</*)O('<'(+)(*4(<,1<#"(,)<(1()H><*.4B)$#,B1<*.,5,#><.(GB)(<

G)*+#2)(<,1<#"(<$)(4(1+(<BG<">')BH(1-<S",4<$"(1B/(1B1<,4<*54B<O1B31<*4<">')BH(1I*44,4#('<

+)*+O,1H;<">')BH(1I,1'2+('<.5,4#()<+)*+O,1H-<S"(<(/.),##5(/(1#<,4<(1"*1+('<.><45B3<4#)*,1<)*#(4<

  • 1'<5B3<#(/$()*#2)(4;<1(*)<)BB/<#(/$()*#2)(-

Y),B)<#B<#"(<5*#(4#<'(0(5B$/(1#4<,1<J(5H,2/;<12+5(*)<)(H25*#B)4<3B)5'3,'(<H(1()*55><+B1+52'('<#"*#<

.*4('<B1<,14$(+#,B14<+B1'2+#('<4B<G*)<#"(</,+)B<+)*+O4<GB21'<,1<#"(<#3B<J(5H,*1<)(*+#B)4<,4<215,O(5>

  1. B<(b,4#<,1<B#"()<)(*+#B)4-<S"(<`-X-<F2+5(*)<A(H25*#B)><TB//,44,B1<0,(3<,4<)($)(4(1#*#,0(;

>Z2&$%&5.35-46+6&2#(2&2#+&5.36$2$.3&.*%+0@+6&(2&[.+-&S&$%&43-$R+-)&2.&+?$%2&$3&G7`7&C9<%N&(36&$2&

E.4-6&3.2&#(@+&%2045240(-&%$,3$1$5(35+&+@+3&$1&$2&6$678 PB3(0()<#",4<+B1+524,B1<,4<1B#<+B14,4#(1#<3,#"<#"(<5*#(4#<3*)1,1H4<G)B/<#"(<K,)(+#B)<U(1()*5<BG<

=CFT<*1'<#"(<*1*5>4,4<BG<Y)BG(44B)4<JBH*()#4<*1'<W*+KB1*5'-

=*,52)(<BG<*<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(5<,4<*<.(>B1'I'(4,H1I.*4,4<(0(1#;<*1'<*++($#*.5(</*)H,14<*H*,14#<

$)(442)(<0(44(5<G*,52)(</24#<.(</*,1#*,1('<#")B2H"B2#<,#4<B$()*#,B1*5<5,G(-<V1<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(5<

,1#(H),#><)(H25*#,B14;<$)B$*H*#,B1<BG<*<G5*3<#")B2H"<#"(<0(44(5<3*55<,4<+B14()0*#,0(5><*442/('<#B<

+*24(<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(5<G*,52)(-<Y)(442),4('<D*#()<A(*+#B)4<ZYDA4[<*)(</B)(<0251()*.5(<#B<

$)(442)(<0(44(5<(/.),##5(/(1#<.(+*24(<YDA4</*><(b$(),(1+(<$)(442),Q('<#"()/*5<4"B+O<ZYSX[-<

68 JFEF;<#"(<J(5H,*1<F2+5(*)<P,H"()<E'2+*#,B1<F(#3B)O;<"##$%&&.1(1-4+O+(1-.(&(1&TB2)4(4&F2+5(*)M/*#(),*54;<

  • ++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

69

"##$%&&'()('*+#,(-.(&+/&0)#1,(234-G)*1+*,4&0,'(B#"(f2(&!-6679LL@;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

7@

"##$%&&'()('*+#,(-.(&+/&0)#1,(234&.,11(15*1'&!-66789::;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

7!

P>')BH(1<E/.),##5(/(1#<BG<W(#*54%<C<Y),/()<GB)<#"(<=*,52)(<C1*5>4#;<DXATIXSVI6@@8I@@@N6<W-<A-<aB2#"*1;<c)-<

W*#(),*54<X+,(1+(<*1'<S(+"1B5BH><X*0*11*"<A,0()<F*#,B1*5<a*.B)*#B)><C,O(1;<XB2#"<T*)B5,1*<698@8;<

"##$%&&4#,-4)4-HB0&G255#(b#&DXATIXSVI6@@8I@@@N6-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!?#"<6@!:-

YSX<+*1<B++2)<21'()<4B/(<*++,'(1#<4+(1*),B4<#"*#<,1#)B'2+(<+B5'<3*#()<,1#B<#"(<)(*+#B)<0(44(5<3",5(

  1. "(<0(44(5<,4<$)(442),Q('-<V1#)B'2+#,B1<BG<+B5'<3*#()<,1<#",4</*11()<+*1<+*24(<#"(<0(44(5<#B<+BB5<

)*$,'5>;<)(425#,1H<,1<5*)H(<#"()/*5<4#)(44(4<,1<#"(<4#((5-<S"(4(<#"()/*5<4#)(44(4;<*5B1H<3,#"<#"(<",H"<

,1#()1*5<$)(442)(<*1'<*1<(/.),##5('<0(44(5;<+B25'<5(*'<#B<+)*+O,1H<*1'<(0(1<G*,52)(<BG<#"(<0(44(5-<<

S"(<$)(4(1+(<BG<+)*+O4<,1<#"(<J(5H,*1<YDA^4<)*,4(4<#"(<f2(4#,B1<BG<#"(<G21'*/(1#*5<4*G(#><BG<#"(<

)(*+#B)4-<

C4<'(4+),.('<(*)5,();<#"(<$),1+,$*5<+B//21,+*#,B1<G)B/<#"(<12+5(*)<,1'24#)><*1'<)(H25*#B)4<,1<

E2)B$(;<FB)#"<C/(),+*<*1'<C4,*<'2),1H<#"(<$*4#<#3B<>(*)4<"*4<.((1<#"*#<#"(</*12G*+#2),1H<BG<#"(<

KB(5<*1'<S,"*1H(<$)(442)(<0(44(54<3*4<#"(<5,O(5><)(*4B1<GB)<#"(<',4+B0()><BG<">')BH(1<G5*O(4-<J2#<

  • 4<1B#(';<=CFT<+B25'<1B#<+B1G,)/<#"(<)BB#<+*24(<BG<#"(<$)B.5(/-<D,#"B2#<*<)BB#<+*24(<*1*5>4,4<#"(<

)(*4B1<GB)<*1<(1H,1((),1H<G*,52)(<+*11B#<.(<*442)('-

S"(<(0,'(1+(<G)B/<#"(<#3B<4+,(1#,4#4<',4+5B4('<B1<=(.)2*)><!7#"<6@!:;<,4<#"*#<#"()(<,4<$)B.5(/<BG<#"(

/,H)*#,B1<BG<">')BH(1<*#B/4<,1#B<#"(<4#((5<$)(442)(<0(44(5-<VG<+B1G,)/('<#"(<,/$5,+*#,B14<*)(<

$)BGB21'-<S"(<G*+#<#"*#<#"(<K,)(+#B)<U(1()*5<BG<=CFT<"*4<4#*#('<#"*#<"21')('4<BG<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)4<

3B)5'3,'(<4"B25'<.(<(b*/,1('<42HH(4#4<#"*#<#"()(<,4<,1'(('<*<$B#(1#,*55><H(1(),+<4*G(#><$)B.5(/-

U)((1$(*+(<"*4<5B1H<f2(4#,B1('<#"(<4*G(#><BG<*H(,1H<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)4-<=B)</B)(<#"*1<#3B<'(+*'(4<

3(<"*0(<3*)1('<#"*#<#"(<*H(,1H<$)B+(44<,4<5(*',1H<#B<#"(<H)*'2*5<3(*O(1,1H<BG</*#(),*54<#"*#<+B25'<

5(*'<#B<+*#*4#)B$",+<G*,52)(4<BG<+B/$B1(1#4<3,#"<42.4(f2(1#<4(0()(<)*',B*+#,0(<)(5(*4(4-<V1<

$*)#,+25*);

>M.%2&3.2(*-+&('.3,&2#+%+&$%&2#+&+'*0$22-+'+32&.1&2#+&0+(52.0&/0+%%40+&@+%%+-N&E#$5#&$350+(%+%&

2#+&0$%R&.1&2#+&@+%%+-&*40%2$3,7&B($-40+&.1&2#+&/0+%%40+&@+%%+-&.1&(&C9<&.0&(&D9<&5.3%2$242+%&(3&

(55$6+32&*+).36&2#+&6+%$,3&*(%$%&1.0&E#$5#&2#+0+&$%&3.&%(1+2)&%)%2+'&F&$3+@$2(*-)&-+(6$3,&2.&(&

5(2(%20./#$5&0+-+(%+&.1&0(6$.(52$@+&'(2+0$(-&2.&2#+&+3@$0.3'+3278SA E/.),##5(/(1#<21'()<1(2#)B1<)*',*#,B1<,4<BG<4$(+,*5<,/$B)#*1+(<GB)<B5'<)(*+#B)4-<C#<#"(<#,/(<BG<#"(,)<

+B14#)2+#,B1;<O1B35('H(<BG<1(2#)B1I,1'2+('<(/.),##5(/(1#<3*4<5,/,#(';<4B<4B/(#,/(4<2142,#*.5(<

/*#(),*54<3()(<24('-

S"(<+"*55(1H(<$)(4(1#('<#B<#"(<3B)5'<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)<B$()*#B)4<*1'<)(H25*#B)4<BG<#"(4(<1(3<

',4+5B42)(<,1<J(5H,2/<,4<#"*#<)($5*+(/(1#<BG<#"(<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(5<,4<,/$B44,.5(<GB)<(+B1B/,+<

  • 1'<$)*+#,+*5<)(*4B14-77<TB14(f2(1#5>;<,G<*H(,1H</(+"*1,4/4<$)(0(1#<G2)#"()<4*G(<B$()*#,B1<BG<#"(4(<

+B/$B1(1#4;<#"(<)(*+#B)<3,55<"*0(<#B<.(<4"2#<'B31-<S"(<),4O<BG<5B44<BG<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(5<

,1#(H),#><,1+)(*4(4<21'()<*++,'(1#<+B1',#,B14;<*4<#"(<V1#()1*#,B1*5<C#B/,+<E1()H><CH(1+><ZVCEC[<

(b$5*,14%

>Z1&(3&+'*0$22-+6&<C\\&E+0+&2.&#(@+&(&1-(E&.1&50$2$5(-&%$Q+&(36&5+02($3&%+@+0+&%)%2+'&20(3%$+32%&

E+0+&2.&.5540N&2#+&1-(E&5.4-6&/0./(,(2+&@+0)&0(/$6-)&2#0.4,#&2#+&@+%%+-N&/.%%$*-)&0+%4-2$3,&$3&(&

2#0.4,#FE(--&50(5R&(36&5#(--+3,$3,&2#+&$32+,0$2)&.1&2#+&<C\\78 S"(<VCEC<,'(1#,G,(4<42+"<4(0()(<#)*14,(1#4<*4%

Y)(442),Q('<#"()/*5<4"B+O4<ZYSX[;<+"*)*+#(),Q('<.><)*$,'<+BB5,1H<BG<#"(<'B31+B/()<*1'<

76

\\F2+5(*)<A(*+#B)<P*Q*)'4<R1HB,1H<K*1H()4<BG<R$()*#,1H<F2+5(*)<S(+"1B5BH><,1<#"(<6!4#<T(1#2)><<A($B)#];<

U)((1$(*+(<V1#()1*#,B1*5;<P(5/2#<P,)4+";<R'*<J(+O();<W>+5(<X+"1(,'();<C1#B1><=)BHH*##<C$),5<6@@:;<

"##$%&&333-H)((1$(*+(-B)H&4(*4,*&#"&Y*H(=,5(4&!@N89L&12+5(*))(*+#B)"*Q*)'4-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><6@!:q<

\\a,G(#,/(<(b#(14,B1<BG<*H(,1H<12+5(*)<$B3()<$5*1#4%<E1#(),1H<*<1(3<()*<BG<),4O]<A($B)#<+B/,44,B11('<.><

U)((1$(*+(;<6@!?;<"##$%&&B2#IBGI*H(-(2&3$I+B1#(1#&2$5B*'4&6@!?&@6&6@!?@668MJ),(G,1HMCH(,1HM(1H5,4"-$'G 77 VCEC-<6@@8-<P(*0><+B/$B1(1#<)($5*+(/(1#<,1<12+5(*)<$B3()<$5*1#4%<(b$(),(1+(<*1'<H2,'(5,1(4-<VCEC<F2+5(*)<

E1()H><X(),(4;<S(+"1,+*5<A($B)#4;<FB-<FYISI7-6-<VCEC;<e,(11*-

,1#()1*5<AYe<42)G*+(;<GB55B3('<4B/(#,/(4<.><)($)(442),Q*#,B1<BG<#"(<AYe<ZYDA<)(*+#B)<

  1. >$(4[

TB5'<B0()$)(442)(<Z",H"<$)(442)(<*#<5B3<#(/$()*#2)([<GB)<(b*/$5(<*#<#"(<(1'<BG<4"2#'B31<

4,#2*#,B14-XB<#"(<21,'(1#,G,('<'(H)*'*#,B1<BG<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(54;<42+"<*4<+)*+O4<*1'<G5*34;<#"()(GB)(<"*4<

  1. "(<$B#(1#,*5<#B<(4+*5*#(<*1<,1+,'(1#<,1#B<*1<21+B1#)B55*.5(<*++,'(1#;<(0(1<#"B2H"<,#<'B(4<1B#<+*24(<

$)B.5(/4<'2),1H<1B)/*5<B$()*#,B1-<

S"()(<*)(<+B1G5,+#,1H<4+,(1#,G,+<B$,1,B14<+B1+()1,1H<#"(<+2))(1#<4,H1,G,+*1+(<*1'<G2)#"()<$)BH)(44,B1<

BG<*H(,1H-<P2H(<21+()#*,1#,(4<*)(<,10B50('<,1<(4#,/*#,1H<*1'<$)(',+#,1H<#"(<$)BH)(44,B1<BG<*H(,1H<

  • 1'<#"(<5B1HI#()/<.("*0,B2)<BG</*#(),*54;<(4$(+,*55><21'()<*++,'(1#<+B1',#,B14-S"(<*0()*H(<*H(<BG<#"(<H5B.*5<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)<G5((#<3*4<68-:<>(*)4<,1</,'<6@!?;<3,#"<!L@<)(*+#B)4<

Z??<$()+(1#<BG<#"(<#B#*5[<B$()*#,1H<GB)<7@<>(*)4<B)</B)(<*1'<79<)(*+#B)4<"*0(<B$()*#('<GB)<B0()<?@<

>(*)4-7?

C4<#"(<3B)5'r4<12+5(*)<$B3()<$5*1#4<H(#<B5'();<#"()(<*)(<(GGB)#4<#B<$5*><'B31<#"(<)B5(<BG<*H(,1H-<

S"B4(<(GGB)#4<,1+52'(<+B10(1,(1#5><1*))B3,1H<#"(<'(G,1,#,B1<BG<*H(,1H-<=2)#"()/B)(;<#"(</B4#<.*4,+<

  • 1'&4(0()(<4"B)#+B/,1H<BG<,1#()1*#,B1*5<)(H25*#B)><1B)/4<)(4,'(4<,1<#"(<G*+#<#"*#<1B<+B21#)><"*4<*<

+B/$)("(14,0(<4(#<BG<#(+"1,+*5<+),#(),*<GB)<'(+,',1H<3"(1<G2)#"()<B$()*#,B1<BG<*<12+5(*)<$B3()<$5*1#

,4<1B<5B1H()<$()/,##('-<C4<*<+B14(f2(1+(<)(*+#B)4<*)(<.(,1H<*55B3('<#B<B$()*#(<5B1H()-

C4<*<)(425#<BG<*H(,1H<#"(<),4O<BG<*<12+5(*)<*++,'(1#<H)B34<4,H1,G,+*1#5><(*+"<>(*);<B1+(<*<12+5(*)<

$B3()<$5*1#<"*4<.((1<,1<B$()*#,B1<GB)<*.B2#<#3B<'(+*'(4-7:

VG<#"(<$)B.5(/4<,'(1#,G,('<.><#"(<#3B<4+,(1#,4#4<*11B21+('<'2),1H<#"(<5*4#<G(3<'*>4<*)(<+B1G,)/('<

3,#"<G2)#"()<*44(44/(1#4<,1<J(5H,2/<,1+52',1H<#"*#<#"(</,+)B<+)*+O4<*)(<GB21'<#B<.(<*<H(1(),+<,442(<

)(5*#('<#B<#"(<(GG(+#4<BG<)*',*#,B1<B0()<>(*)4<BG<B$()*#,B1<*1'<(b$B42)(<#B<)*',*#,B1;<#"(<,/$5,+*#,B14<

GB)<*55<+B//()+,*5<12+5(*)<$B3()<+B25'<.(<'(0*4#*#,1H-<S"(<),4O<,4<#"*#<)*#"()<#"*1<#*O(<2$<#"(<+*55<

BG<#"(<K,)(+#B)<U(1()*5<BG<=CFT;<1*#,B1*5<)(H25*#B)4<3B)5'3,'(<*1'<#"(<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)<B$()*#B)4<

3,55<+B1#,12(<#B<'B31$5*><#"(<4,H1,G,+*1+(<BG<#"(4(<,/$B)#*1#<'(0(5B$/(1#4-<U,0(1<#"(<21+()#*,1#,(4

  • 1'<#"(<$B#(1#,*5<+*#*4#)B$",+<),4O<BG<*<)(*+#B)<$)(442)(<0(44(5<G*,52)(<#",4<,4<1B#<*++($#*.5(<G)B/<*<

$2.5,+<4*G(#><$()4$(+#,0(-<

  1. 528A7>952 C4<3(<*$$)B*+"<#"(<GB2)#"<*11,0()4*)><BG<#"(<W*)+"<6@!!<=2O24",/*I'*,,+",<12+5(*)<',4*4#();<

(0,'(1+(<"*4<(/()H('<G)B/<#"*#<'(/*1'4<,//(',*#(<*+#,B1<#B<$)(0(1#<*1B#"()<$B44,.5(<+*#*4#)B$"(-<

S"B24*1'4<BG<$)(0,B245><21O1B31<+)*+O4<,1<+),#,+*5<+B/$B1(1#4<BG<#3B<)(*+#B)4<$B,1#<#B<*<

$B#(1#,*55><(1'(/,+<*1'<4,H1,G,+*1#<4*G(#><$)B.5(/<GB)<)(*+#B)4<H5B.*55>-<TB1#,12,1H<#B<B$()*#(<*1><

)(*+#B)<3,#"<42+"<+)*+O,1H<3B25'<.(<*1<21*++($#*.5(<),4O<#B<$2.5,+<4*G(#>-<U)((1$(*+(<'(/*1'4<

'(#*,5('<,14$(+#,B14<BG<*55<12+5(*)<)(*+#B)4<3B)5'3,'(;<*4<+B1'2+#('<,1<J(5H,2/;<*1'<#"(<$2.5,+<

)(5(*4(<*1'<4+)2#,1><BG<#"(<)(425#4-<C1><)(*+#B)<3,#"<42+"<+)*+O,1H</24#<.(<O($#<BGG5,1(;<21#,5<*1'<

215(44<#"(<+)*+O,1H<,4<21'()4#BB'<*1'<4*G(#><,4<H2*)*1#(('-<C1>#",1H<5(44<3B25'<.(<,14*1(<H,0(1<#"(<

),4O<BG<*<4(0()(<12+5(*)<*++,'(1#-

7?

DB)5'<F2+5(*)<V1'24#)><X#*#24<A($B)#;<W>+5(<X+"1(,'();<C1#"B1><=)BHH*##;<c25><6@!?-<

"##$%&&333-3B)5'12+5(*))($B)#-B)H&VWU&$'G&6@!?@8/4+I3B)5'12+5(*))($B)#6@!?I")I0?-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><!:#"<

6@!:-

7:

F2+5(*)<A(*+#B)<P*Q*)'4<R1HB,1H<K*1H()4<BG<R$()*#,1H<F2+5(*)<S(+"1B5BH><,1<#"(<6!4#<T(1#2)><<A($B)#;<

U)((1$(*+(<V1#()1*#,B1*5;<P(5/2#<P,)4+";<R'*<J(+O();<W>+5(<X+"1(,'();<C1#B1><=)BHH*##<C$),5<6@@:;<

"##$%&&333-H)((1$(*+(-B)H&4(*4,*&#"&Y*H(=,5(4&!@N89L&12+5(*))(*+#B)"*Q*)'4-$'G;<*++(44('<=(.)2*)><6@!:-<

=B)<G2)#"()<,1GB)/*#,B1%

E5B,<U5B),(2b<_<U)((1$(*+(<J(5H,2/<I<(5B,-H5B),(2bsH)((1$(*+(-B)H c*1<0*1'(<Y2##(<_<U)((1$(*+(<J(5H,2/<I<k*1-0*1'(-$2##(sH)((1$(*+(-B)H P(,1Q<X/,#*5<_<U)((1$(*+(<U()/*1><_<"(,1Q-4/,#*5sH)((1$(*+(-B)H t*11,+O<AB244(5(#<_<U)((1$(*+(<=)*1+(<I<>*11,+O-)B244(5(#sH)((1$(*+(-B)H c*1<P*0()O*/$<_<U)((1$(*+(<T(1#)*5<*1'<E*4#()1<E2)B$(<I<k*1-"*0()O*/$sH)((1$(*+(-B)H p(1')*<`5),+"<_<U)((1$(*+(<c*$*1<I<O(1')*-25),+"sH)((1$(*+(-B)H X"*21<J2)1,(<_<U)((1$(*+(<U()/*1><_<4"*21-.2)1,(sH)((1$(*+(-B)H

Retrieved from "https://kanterella.com/w/index.php?title=ML15068A456&oldid=5195134"