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Tornado Hazard Analysis
	ML13333B125
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Site:	San Onofre
Issue date:	07/31/1984
From:	Hess R, Killough C, Vallenas P; CYGNA ENERGY SERVICES
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Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating To SEP Topic 111-2 At San Onofre Unit 1 Southern California Edison Company IM IA Job No. 84040 July 1984 8409190103 840917 PDR ADOCK 05000206 P

PDR

Report on TORNADO HAZARD ANALYSIS RELATING to SEP TOPIC 111-2 at San Onofre Unit I for Southern California Edison Company Prepared by:

Z.~ -1 1,%-l~

7/z-r,/YV R. W. Hess Date Reviewed by:

Vallenas Date Approved by:

C. Killough "Date Cygna Energy Services 101 California Street, Suite 1000 San Francisco, CA 94111 July, 1984

TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary

1.

Introduction 1

II.

Data Collection and Categorization 6

A.

Description and Tabulation of Tornadoes 6

B.

The Coordinates of the Site and Tornado 6

C.

Straight Wind Data 6

III.

Statistical Analysis of Straight Winds 9

A.

Statistical Analysis of Straight-Line Winds at San Diego 9

B.

Singular Plot of Straight-Line and Tornado Winds 11 IV.

Statistical Analysis of Tornado Windspeeds 15 A.

Year-Correction Factor 15 B.

City-Correction Factor 17 C.

Waterspout-Tornadoes Inside the One-Mile Wide Band along the Pacific Coast 21 D.

Tornado Model 25 E.

Analysis Conclusion 51 V.

Physiographic Influences 52 VI.

Review of Dr. McDonald's Report 56 References 61

-- Southern California Edison Company i

1 -

~]

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to lllIIIIIIIIIIII IlllIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

SUMMARY

As requested by Southern California Edison (SCE), Cygna Energy Services in conjunction with Dr. Theodore Fujita of the University of Chicago, performed detailed evaluations and a statistical analysis of Southern California tornadoes. The purpose of these analyses was to determine the site-specific tornado windspeed as a function of the probability of occurrence at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) Unit 1.

A new tornado database was established by extending the previous database, used in Dr.

McDonald's evaluation [1], to a 68-year period (1916-1983).

Tornado data from Dr.

Fujita's research file at the University of Chicago [2]

and report data from the Department of Water Resources, State of California [3] were reevaluated.

The new statistical database was sufficiently comprehensive that it was not deemed necessary to assign regression functions of low-confidence bands on either side of the regression lines.

A large number of hypothetical tornadoes were added to the recorded ones by devising both year and city corrections. The introduction of these hypothetical tornadoes resulted in an increase in the tornado windspeed to a very conservative value for determining the adequacy of design at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

This reevaluation, including the addition of correction factors, resulted in the following maximum tornado windspeeds versus occurrence probability at the San Onofre Unit 1 site:

Occurrence Probability 10-10-5 10- 6 10-7 per year Maximum Windspeed 59 103 143 183 mph For the purpose of providing representative documentation of the results, this report concentrates on the 10-5 and 10-7 per year tornados.

Unlike most other nuclear plant sites in the United States, the San Onofre Unit 1 site will be affected by waterspout tornadoes. Consequently, the Western Region tornado defined in USN RC Regulatory Guide 1.76 [4] (RG 1.76, Region it data] is not appropriate for this site.

Instead,_the wind effects of the small-core waterspout tornadoes described in this report should be used in computing structural affects and missile characteristics at the San Onofre Unit 1 site. Significant tornado properties for use in structural design are as follows:

Translational Radius of Rate of Maximum Rotational Speed Maximum Pressure Pressure Probability Windspeed1 Speed (MPH)

Rotational Drop Drop (mph)

(mYh)

Max Min Speed (feet)

(gpa (psi/sec) 105 103 80.2 17.7 8.5 52.7 0.23 0.11 10- 7 183 147.5 32.4 14.1

97.

0.77 0.38 1 Maximum windspeed is the vector sum of the horizontal (rotational +

translational) and vertical windspeed components; i.e., [(R + T) 2 + v211 /2.

.. Southern California Edison Company ii Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIllllIlIII IIIIII I SEP Topic lil-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

1.

INTRODUCTION A reevaluation of data on tornadoes and waterspouts was undertaken to determine windspeed versus occurrence probability of a hypothetical tornado occuring at the San Onofre Unit 1 site at San Clemente, California.

The sources of tornado data collected for this study are:

(1)

Dr. Fujita's research file, University of Chicago [2].

(2)

"Windstorms in California", published by Department of Water Resources, State of California (December 1979) 13].

(3)

"Tornado and Straight Wind Hazard Probability for San Onofre Nuclear Power Reactor Site, California," McDonald (May 1980) [1].

The following nomenclature is used in this report:

Waterspout Tornado:

A tornado which originated as a waterspout (a waterspout turns into a tornado upon crossing the coast line).

Coastal Tornado:

A tornado on the Pacific side of the watershed divide (shown in Fig. 1).

Desert Tornado:

A tornado on the Eastern side of the watershed divide (shown in Fig. 1).

Figure 1 shows the location and movement of the recorded tornadoes which are listed in Table 1.

Also included for additional comparison, are 45 waterspouts reported between 1956 and 1983.

Waterspout tornadoes are shown with painted triangles located along the Pacific Coast line.

Examination of tornadoes inside the one-mile wide band along the Pacific coast reveals that all were waterspout tornadoes.

For the purpose of providing re resentative documentation of the results, this report concentrates on the 10-5 and 10' per year tornados.

SSouthern California Edison Company 1

-Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIll IIllI Ill SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

MOSJAVE DESERT

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V V02 3*3 WIN 3I Y9 51 Son Clemente it 9

to it W

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Son Diego Southern California Tornadoes 09 vo

\\V REPORTED TORNADOES 1916-1983 w WY WATERSPOUT-TORNADOES 1916-1983 V 9 REPORTED WATERSPOUTS 1956-1983 11*W 116 Fig. 1 Distribution of Tornadoes and Waterspouts Southern California Edison Company 2

=Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIlllIIIIIIIIIllllIlII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 1 List of Tornadoes in Study Region Source Year No-Da Time Long Lat H

D F

L W

C Location 101 c 1882 01-12 119014' 34'27' 250 12 Ojai 102 c 1885 08-14 116 47 33 12 975 31 Mesa Grande 103 c 1893 01-17 117 12 34 08 300 54 Highland 104 c 1894 07-01 0530 117 55 34 05 90 26 Pasadena 105 c 1903 08-07 --

116 05 32 39 780 60 Campo 106 c 1914 01-27 --

117 04 33 53 350 45 Corona 1* -

1917 02-17 0820 117 10 32 49 5 5 FI 1.5 0.01 NE San Diego 107 c 1926 04-05 --

117 03 32 37 10 3

National City 2* -

1926 04-05 2326 117 10 32 42 0 0 wF2 2.0 0.01 ENE San Diego 30 -

1926 04-06 0005 117 07 32 39 0 0 wF2 3.1 0.03 E National City 40 -

1926 04-D6 OOxx 117 05 32 37 10 1

Fl 0.5 0.01 -

Chula Vista 108 c 1926 04-10 --

117 52 33 55 300 18 Brea 5* c 1930 03-15 1140 118 21 33 51 40 4

F2 4.0 0.02 NE Hawthorne 6* -

1934 03-02 1340 118 26 33 56 0 0 wFO 0.1 0.01 NNE Los Angeles 70 c 1944 11-11 2100 117 43 34 03 300 31 Fl 8.0 0.03 ENE Pomona 8* -

1951 01-11 1540 118 20 33 50 30 3 Fl 2.0 0.01 E Torrance 9* c 1952 11-15 1100 117 55 33 36 0 0 wFO 0.1 0.02 NE Newport Harbor 100 c 1952 12-20 1400 118 29 34 19 350 19 FO 1.0 0.01 -

San Fernando 110 c 1952 12-20 --

118 21 34 12 210 16 FO 0.1 0.01 -

Burbank 12* c 1954 06-25 1400 117 11 34 36 950 80 F2 1.0 0.02 NNE Bell Mountain 130 -

1955 01-18 1101 117 16 34 00 40 11 Fl 3.0 0.02 NE Los Angeles 140 -

1955 04-06 1330 117 32 34 00 600 34 Fl 1.0 0.03 SE Mira Loma 15* c 1956 04-13 1455 117 06 32 36 2 1 Fl 0.5 0.01 NE Chula Vista 160 c 1956 05-09 0820 118 08 34 D6 40 20 F2 0.3 0.01 -

Alhambra 170 -

1957 10-20 --

118 04 33 56 150 13 FO 0.1 0.01 -

Norwalk 109 c 1958 03-25 1515 117 13 32 42 10 1

San Diego 3 SW 110 c 1958 03-27 1545 117 08 32 40 1

0 San Diego 18* c 1958 04-01 0930 117 41 33 32 0 0 wFO 0.5 0.02 NE Laguna Beach 190 c 1959 05-03 1430 117 14 32 39 0 0 wFl 6.0 0.01 NE San Diego 20* c 1961 10-08 1500 117 12 32 43 5 0 wFI 0.2 0.01 SE San Diego 21* c 1962 02-11 1600 117 30 34 05 370 42 FO 0.1 0.01 -

Fontana 22* c 1962 02-19 0730 117 52 33 45 35 10 F1 0.1 0.01 N Santa Ana 230 c 1962 02-19 1500 118 33 34 14 250 13 Fl 0.1 0.01 NE Northridge 240 c 1962 05-14 1200 118 18 33 53 30 6

FO 0.1 0.02 -

Gardena 250 c 1964 11-09 0700 118 25 33 55 40 1

Fl 1.0 0.03 -

El Segundo 26* c 1965 04-08 1000 117 54 33 40 15 4

FO 0.1 0.02 -

Costa Mesa 270 c 1965 11-25 1440 117 45 34 04 275 30 FO 1.0 0.04 -

Pamona 280 c 1966 07-22 1645 117 23 34 35 876 71 FO 0.1 0.01 -

George AFB 290 c 1966 11-07 0909 117 55 33 37 10 1

Fl 0.5 0.02 -

Newport Beach 300 c 1966 11-07 1240 118 23 33 51 10 2 F2 8.5 0.03 NNE Lennox 31* c 1966 11-07 1300 117 53 33 40 10 5 F2 0.3 0.01 -

Costa Mesa 320 c 1966 11-07 --

118 16 33 54 10 8

Fl 0.1 0.01 Willow Brook 330 c 1967 04-18 1730 118 31 34 01 0 0 wFO 0.1 0.01 -

Santa Monica 34* c 1971 02-23 0930 117 01 32 35 10 5

FO 0.1 0.01 -

Chula Vista 350 c 1972 10-19 1400 116 55 33 56 680 53 FO 0.1 0.01 -

Beaumont Southern California Edison Company 3

-Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIllIIIIIIIlllIIIIIIIIllIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 1 List of Tornadoes in Study Region (continued)

Source Year Mo-Do Time Long Lat H

D F

L W

C Location 36*c 1974 07-20 1349 117001' 33o44' 490 39 F2 1.0 0.02 Hemet 37* c 1974 10-22 1355 116 20 34 09 950 88 FO 0.1 0.01 Joshua Tree 38* c 1974 10-29 117 18 33 02 0

0 wFO 0.1 0.01 Encinitas 111 c 1975 09-10 1730 117 54 34 55 700 Tornado Echo -

Edward AFB 390 c 1976 09-04 1845 117 36 34 37 870 66 Fl 0.5 0.01 -

El Mirage 40* c 1976 09-05 1820 117 36 34 41 1030 73 FO 0.1 0.01 El Mirage 410 -

1976 09-06 1819 117 34 34 36 910 67 FO 0.1 0.01 El Mirage 420 -

1976 09-06 1820 117 35 34 35 910 65 FO 0.1 0.01 El Mirage 43' -

1976 09-06 1820 117 34 34 35 910 66 FO 0.1 0.01 El Mirage 44* c 1976 09-06 --

117 00 34 25 1250 54 FO 0.1 0.01 G. AFB 25 SW 450c 1977 01-02 2215 119 52 34 27

.0 0 wFl 0.2 0.02 Goleta 46' -

1977 03-16 0930 117 56 33 36 0

0 wFO 0.1 0.01 Newport 47* c 1977 03-16 1830 117 58 33 52 30 12 F2 2.0 0.03 NE Fullerton 480 c 1977 05-08 1000 118 08 33 48 10 3

Fl 1.5 0.06 NW Long Beach 49* c 1978 01-04 117 50 34 07 300 31 FI 0.1 0.01 -

San Dimas 112 c 1978 02-06 --

118 25 33 55 33 1

El Segundo 50* c 1978 02-10 --

118 24 33 54 33 1

Fl 1.0 0.02 -

El Segundo 51* c 1978 12-18 1030 117 23 33 12 0 0 wF1 0.8 0.05 -

Oceanside 52* -

1979 01-18 0902 117 12 32 45 10 3

FO 0.5 0.02 E San Diego 530 c 1979 01-31 1530 117 57 33 46 30 11 F2 2.0 0.02 -

Santa Ana 54* c 1979 01-31 118 22 34 12 300 15 F2 0.1 0.01 Universal City 113 c 1979 01-31 117 55 33 50 50 12 Anaheim 114 c 1979 02-01 118 22 34 12 300 15 Universal City 550 -

1980 01-28 1315 118 18 33 55 10 6

FO 0.4 0.01 NNE Gardena 56* -

1980 07-29 1500 116 47 33 12 840 36 FO 0.1 0.01 Oak Grove 570 -

1981 03-26 p.m. 117 39 33 30 30 4

FO 0.1 0.01 San Juan Cap.

58* -

1982 01-20 0205 117 25 33 57 250 36 Fl 0.1 0.01 E Riverside 59* -

1982 03-17 1715 116 52 32 47 210 17 Fl 0.1 0.01 -

Loma Portal 600 -

1982 03-29 2030 118 05 34 04 120 23 Fl 0.5 0.20 -

San Gabriel 610 -

1982 09-07 1330 116 20 34 12 950 90 F2 0.1 0.01 -

Joshua Tree 62* -

1982 11-09 0930 118 42 34 02 0 0 wFl 0.1 0.01 N Malibu 630 -

1982 11-09 1130 118 27 34 10 230 11 F2 1.0 0.08 N Van Nuys 640 -

1982 11-09 1200 118 12 33 46 5

0 wF2 7.0 0.73 N Long Beach 65' -

1982 11-09 1200 118 23 33 57 10 4

FO 0.1 0.01 ENE Inglewood 66* -

1982 11-09 1300 117 58 33 47 30 7

Fl 0.1 0.09 NE Garden Grove 67* -

1982 11-09 1300 117 41 33 36 100 7

Fl 0.1 0.01 -

Mission Biejo 680 -

1982 11-09 1515 119 07 34 06 0 0 wFO 0.1 0.01 N Point Magu 69' -

1983 03-01 0740 118 17 34 00 60 9

F2 3.5 0.06 NNE Los Angeles 700 -

1983 03-01 0815 118 07 34 10 180 23 FO 0.1 0.01 N San Marino 710 -

1983 08-01 1050 116 24 34 16 950 90 FO 0.1 0.01 SW Landers 72* -

1983 09-30 0600 118 14 33 58 30 12 FO 0.3 0.04 NNW Walnut Park 730 -

1983 09-30 2235 118 20 33 55 20 5

F2 1.4 0.06 NNW Hawthorne MEAN COASTAL TORNADOES 123 11 FO.9 1.2 0.04 NE MEAN WATERSPOUT-TORNADOES 0 0 FO.7 1.6 0.06 NE

-Southern California Edison Company 4

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIlIIIIIllIIISEP Topic 111-2 at San Onof re Unit 1

Table 1 List of Tornadoes in Study Region (continued)

List of tornadoes during 102 years between 1882 and 1983 reported to the south of 30oN latitude and west of 116oW longitude.

Data sources:

Dr.

Fujita's research file at the University of Chicago, Numbered 1 through 73.

c Windstorm in California, Department of Water Resources, State of California (December 1979).

Numbered 101 through 114, if not included in Dr. Fujita's research file.

Year, Mo-Da, Time Year, Month-Day, Time in Pacific Standard Time (PST)

Long, Lat West longitude and north latitude of touchdown location H

Height of touchdown location in meters F

Tornado F scale.

Waterspout tornado is identified by wFO, wF1, wF2, etc.

D Distance in miles of touchdown location measured from the coast line L

Path length in miles.

If not specified in the original documents, best possible estimates were made by Dr. Fujita and converted into the nearest 0.1 mile, such as 1/4 mile (0.3), short (0.1), etc.

W Path width in miles estimated and converted as 20 yards (0.01), 30 yards (0.02), narrow (0.01 ), etc.

C Direction toward which tornado moved.

The 16-point compass was used whenever possible to define directions, i.e., N, NNE, NE, ENE, etc.

Location Location of tornado touchdown Southern California Edison Company 5

S-iF.

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII liiiII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

II.

DATA COLLECTION AND CATEGORIZATION A.

Description and Tabulation of Tornadoes Seventy-three tornadoes from 12] and 14 from [3] are listed in Table 1. Table 1 lists the data source, year, month, day and time of the occurrence, longitude, latitude and elevation of the touchdown location, distance from the Pacific Coast line, F scale of each tornado in Dr. Fujita's research file, path length and width, direction of motion, and geographic location.

All tornadoes from [2] are described in Table 1 and rated by F scale.

F scale is identified by FO, FI, etc., and defined as increasing in intensity from FO to Fl, F2, etc.

All waterspout tornadoes are identified by the "W" prefix on the F scale rating.

The F scale values, path length, and path width were reevaluated by Dr. Fujita for this specific study.

Consequently, the data represent the best-possible F-scale classification of tornadoes in the San Onofre Unit 1 site region.

B.

The Coordinates of the Site and Tornado Data To be consistent with the Dr.

McDonald's report [1] on the San Onofre Unit 1 site, tornado data in this report were collected from the local region south of latitude 351N and west of longitude 116 0 W.

The coordinates of the San Onofre Unit 1 site are:

Unit 1 Latitude 330 22'13"N Longitude 117033'26nW The coordinates given in Dr. McDonald's [1] report are:

McDonald Latitude 330 22'53"N Longitude 117031'17HW It should be noted that the coordinates used by Dr. McDonald are not those of the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

Dr. McDonald's position is some distance inland which is North and East from San Onofre Unit 1.

C.

Straight Wind Data Straight-line Winds from San Diego to Los Angeles Table 2 shows the highest windspeeds measured at the San Diego airport and at Los Angeles city and airport.

San Diego winds between 1940 and 1960 were measured at 60 feet above the ground. Thereafter, the measurement height was dropped to 21 feet, then

_ Southern California Edison Company 6

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilllIIIIISEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

to 15 feet above ground. Since 1974, the measurement height has increased slightly to 20 feet Above Ground Level (AGL).

Measurements of Los Angeles city winds were discontinued in 1975 based on their unrealiability due to tall buildings constructed around the city center.

Although airport wind measurements which began in 1950 have continued, Los Angeles city and airport winds are not considered suitable for probability computations since anemometer heights of the historical measurements are not available. Therefore, San Diego Airport winds were used for this study. Even if the Los Angeles wind data were usable for probability computations, the results of this study would vary by less than five percent.

Southern California Edison Company 7

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIillI SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 2 Fastest-mile winds of the year at San Diego and Los Angeles.

H, anemometer height in ft.; VM, fastest-mile wind measured at H; V10F after height correction by Dr. Fujita; V10M, after height correction by Dr. McDonald; V1OF -

V10M, their difference; Dir.,

direction of the fastest-mile wind. All windspeeds are in mph.

-Suffix 010 denotes reduction to 10m.

SAN DIEGO WINDS LOS ANGELES WINDS Date H

V.

Vo, Vow Ve-V. Dir.

City Airport 1940 Dec 24 60 38 35 35 0

SW 33 41 Feb 02 60 41 38 37

+1 SW 36 42 Mar 14 60 40 37 37 0

SW 36 43 Jan 23 60 47 44 43

+1 SE 43 44 Nov 11 60 51 47 47 0

SE 35 45 Mar 23 60 46 43 42

+1 SW 38 46 Mar 30 60 38 35 35 0

5 48 47 Dec 05 60 29 27 26

+1 S

34 48 Mar 24 60 34 32 31

+1 S

37 49 Nov 10 60 34 32 31

+1 SW 41 1950 Jan OB 60 28 26 26 0

SW 35 46 51 Mar 01 60 35 33 32

+1 SW 35 54 52 Mar 07 60 45 42 41

+1 5

38 62 53 Feb 23 60 30 28 27

+1 SW 40 57 54 Mar 16 60 36 33 33 0

W 37 45 55 Jan 18 60 39 36 36 0

SW 40 48 56 Apr 13 60 32 30 29

+1 S

36 51 57 Apr 20 60 34 32 31

+1 SW 38 59 58 Apr 03 60 37 34 34 0

5 38 55 59 Feb 11 60 30 28 27

+1 5

48 46 1960 Nov 20 60 33 31 30

+1 SW 36 36 61 Oct 08 21 31 33 34

-1 N

40 46 62 Jan 20 21 31 33 34

-1 S

35 49 63 Mar 16 21 32 34 35

-1 SE 34 43 64 Mar 02 21 34 36 37

-1 NW 47 55 65 Apr 08 21 33 35 36

-1 5

31 45 66 Nov 07 21 33 35 36

-1 5

27 43 67 Dec 18 21 32 34 35

-1 5

29 38 68 Mar 08 21 32 34 35

-1 SW 28 38 69 Feb 25 21 35 37 38

-1 5

33 41 1970 Feb 09 15 34 37 39

-2 5

31 45 71 Jan 02 15 30 33 35

-2 W

33 43 72 Nov 14 15 29 32 34

-2 SE 33 73 Feb 11 15 33 36 38

-2 5

33 46 74 Mar 08 20 33 35 36

-1 SW 27 46 75 Nov 28 20 30 32 33

-1 W

53 76 Apr 15 20 32 34 35

-1 W

77 Mar 11 20 32 34 35

-1 NW 41 78 45 79 45 Southern California Edison Company 8

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIllilIIIIIlIIIllin SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Ilk STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF STRAIGHT WINDS A.

Statistical Analysis of Straight-Line Winds at San Diego As the first step of computing probabilities of straight-line winds measured at different heights of the San Diego anemometer, an attempt was made to reduce measured windspeed to 10m height above the ground.

It has been shown that the windspeed, VH at H meters AGL increases as a function of height in accordance with the equation:

VH = V1 0 (H/10m)K where V 1 0 denotes the windspeed at 10m AGL and K is a constant which varies from location to location according to the roughness of the anemometer location.

Figure 2 shows the plot of log VH vs. log(H/10m) listed in Table 3 on log-log coordinates for determining K from the equation:

log VH = log V1 0 + K log(H/10m) where VH and V1 0 are mean windspeed averaged over the entire measurement years.

Numerical values obtained are:

log VH

= 1.536 + 0.121 log (H/10m)

V1 0

=

1.536 = 34.4 mph Now the windspeed VH measured at H can be reduced to 10m AGL by using V10 = VH(H/10m)-K = VH(H/10m)-0.121 where:

VH is velocity at height H V 1 0 is velocity at 10m AGL VioM is after height correction by Dr. McDonald V1OF is after height correction by Dr. Fujita Table 2 shows V10F' the windspeed reduced to 10m AGL by using the above equation.

V10M in the next column is the value used by Dr. McDonald in his report [1].

The difference, V10F -

V10M ranges between -2 mph and +1 mph, showing substantial agreement between Dr. Fujita's and Dr. McDonald's correction factors for straight wind.

Southern California Edison Company 9

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIImli SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 3 San Diego Winds vs. Anemometer Height Mean values of fastest-mile winds measured at San Diego at the four different anemometer heights ranging between 15 and 60 feet. VH denotes mean windspeed.

Years Anemometer height, H Fastest-mile, VM feet meters (log H/lm) mph (log Vn) 1940-60 60 18.3

(+0.262) 37.0

(+1.568) 1961-69 21 6.4

(-0.194) 32.6

(+1.513) 1970-73 15 4.6

(-0.337) 31.5

(+1.498) 1974-77 20 6.1

(-0.215) 31.8

(+1.502)

Fig. 2 Vertical Distribution of Windspeed at San Diego lill Illog V

H =60,

.58 1.56 I 54 I.536 15'

20' 15

-1L50

-04

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1 0.0

+0.1

+02

+03 log (H/IOm)

Southern California Edison Company 10 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IllIII IllIIIIIlIilliSEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Because of the relatively short period (38 years) of observed data, the 1/38 = 2.6 x 102

-1 year windspeed is the highest value which can be obtained directly from the data.

Extrapolation beyond this probability requires statistical assumptions which could vary from location to location.

Because the airport environment in major U.S. cities has undergone significant changes, it is not feasible to extrapolate based on a unique assumption.

For example, an airport which was in an open field 30 years ago may now be surrounded by numerous structures.

As a consequence, the anemometer located at that example airport has experienced a significant change in the effective roughness (turbulence).

To determine the mode of extrapolation, probabilities of cumulative frequencies in Table 4 were plotted in Figure 3.

The data points on windspeed vs. log p coordinates lined up along a straight line, suggesting that a straight line extrapolation to the crossover point is reasonable as far as the San Diego winds are concerned. [Extrapolation could be entirely different at other airports.]

The crossover point is defined as the intersection of the probability curves for straight line and tornado winds.

Above this windspeed, the probability of tornado winds is higher than straight winds.

B.

Singular Plot of Straight-Line and Tornado Winds Figure 3 presents the results of probability computations for straight-line winds and tornado winds at San Diego applicable to the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

As shown, the windspeed at the crossover point is 75 mph.

Below this windspeed, the probability of straight-line winds is higher than that of tornado winds.

The probability function of the highest straight-line windspeeds at San Diego is shown in Table 5 and that of tornadoes at the San Onofre Unit 1 site in Table 6.

The probability

-4

-7 function for tornadoes extends from 10 per ar to 10 per year.

The maximum tornado windspeeds corresponding to 10 and 10 per year probability of occurrence are 103 and 183 mph, respectively.

The robability of straight-line winds shown in Table 5

-17 extends between 10 per year to 10 per year. The computed windspeeds represent the "best-possible" estimate based on all available data.

Southern California Edison Company 11 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIlllIIIIIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 4 Windspeed Probabilities at San Diego Airport Probability of fastest-mile wind of the year at San Diego computed as a function of windspeed. Based on VMF in Table 1.

Fastest-mile winds of the year Windspeed Frequency Cumulative Freq.

Probability (log P) 25 mph 26 1

38 1.00 0.000 27 1

37 0.974

-0.011 28 2

36 0.947

-0.023 29 30 1

34 0.895

-0.048 31 1

33 0.868

-0.061 32 5

32 0.842

-0.075 33 5

27 0.711

-0.148 34 6

22 0.579

-0.237 35 5

16 0.421

-0.376 36 3

11 0.289

-0.538 37 3

8 0.211

-0.677 38 1

5 0.132

-0.881 39 40 41 42 1

4 0.105

-0.978 43 1

3 0.079

-1.103 44 1

2 0.053

-1.279 45 46 47 1

1 0.0263

-1.580 48 49

=Southern California Edison Company 12 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to ll IIIIIIInillI illlIII SEP Topi I I-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

0 50 100 1

2t0 250 mph PROBABILITY per yeor 41 mph l0

-4 f

Je 51mph

-2 on to 071 to q;

61 mph

-3 10 p

70 mph

-4 59 mph 10 1

a 103 mph 65___

8Omp

-5h I0 80 mph 143 mph

-6 90 mph 10 I_

-7 99 mph'0 0

8mh1 Fig. 3 Probabilities of High Winds and Tornadoes Southern California Edison Company 13 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to lllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onof re Unit 1

Table 5 Probability function of the fastest-mile winds at San Diego Probabilities 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 per year Fastest-mile 41 51 61 70 80 90 99 mph Table 6 Tornado windspeeds computed as a function of occurrence probability per year.

Probability 10I 105 10 10-7 per year Windspeed 59 103 143 183 mph Southern California Edison Company 14 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIllll IIIllIIIII SE P Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

IV.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TORNADO WINDSPEEDS A.

Year Correction Factor Estimates of unrecorded tornadoes present problems regardless of the site area under investigation.

Obviously no tornadoes are recorded in areas that do not have a significant population.

In earlier years population density was low and California residents were not aware of tornadic phenomena, thus any tornadoes recorded or observed were those with significant attributes, probably occurring only once every five years.

Table 7 presents annual and cumulative tornado frequencies since 1916.

Note that only one tornado was reported during the first 10 years of the data period.

In order to determine the rate of tornado reporting per year, cumulative frequencies in Table 7 were plotted in Figure 4.

Three periods were identified and they are represented as three straight lines drawn in Figure 4.

1st Period (1916 - 1950) 0.2 tornado per year 2nd P eriod (1950 - 1974) 1.2 tornadoes per year 3rd period (1974 - 1983) 3.5 tornadoes per year If we hypothesize that the entire 68-year period was characterized by the reporting rate during the past 10 years, the total number of tornadoes reported should have been:

3.5 tornadoes year-1 x 68 years = 238 tornadoes which is 3.26 times larger than 73, the cumulative number of reported tornadoes during the same period.

Based on this data, the year-correction factor is defined by the expression:

Recent rate x Statistical years Y = Year-correction factor =

= 3.26 Reported frequency of tornadoes Southern California Edison Company 15 S- -

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIImlilIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 7 Annual Reported Tornado Frequencies in Region Annual frequencies of tornadoes to the west of 116 0 W and to the south of 35oN.

Data period, 1916 - 1983. Source, Dr. Fujita's research file.

A.Freq. = Annual frequencies; C.Freq. = Cumulative frequencies Year A.Freq. C.Freq.

Year A.Freq. C.Freq.

1916 0

1940 6

1964 1

25 17 1

1 41 6

1965 2

27 18 1

42 6

66 5

32 19 1

43 6

67 1

33 1920 1

44 1

7 68 33 21 1

1945 7

69 33 22 1

46 7

1970 33 23 1

47 7

71 1

34 24 1

48 7

72 1

35 1925 1

49 7

73 35 26 3

4 1950 7

74 3

38 27 4

51 1

8 1975 38 28 4

52 3

11 76 6

44 29 4

53 11 77 4

48 1930 1

5 54 1

12 78 3

51 31 5

1955 2

14 79 3

54 32 5

56 2

16 1980 2

56 33 5

57 1

17 81 1

57 34 1

6 58 1

18 82 11 68 1935 6

59 1

19 83 5

73 36 6

1960 19 37 6

61 1

20 38 6

62 4

24 39 6

63 24 Southern California Edison Company 16 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIllillIIIIIIIIIIIII~llI SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Cumulative Frequencies of Tornadoes from Table 7

-50

-40

-20 (1916 - 1950)

-IO 0.2 Tornado per 0year G "I I

I I

I W92.

30 40 50 60 70 1980 Fig. 4 Cumulative Frequencies of Tornadoes, 1916 - 1983 B.

City Correction Factor Figure S

was produced by superimposing city areas upon the tornado locations in Figure 1.

An examinaton of Figure 5 reveals that practically all tornadoes on the Pacific side of the watershed divide (indicated by dashed line in Figures 1 and 5) are located Inside city areas.

This suggests that a demographic influence upon unreported tornadoes should be considered.

The city-correction factor, C, was introduced and defined as the ratio C X Total length of the coast-parallel line Xc Cumulative length of city areas on above line This ratio reaches 1.00 if cities are continuous along the coast-parallel line which extends from the Mexican border to the Santa Barbara Channel.

Measuring both X and Xc along coast-parallel lines drawn for every one-mile distance from the coast, the values of C

in Table 8

were computed.

By virtue of the concentration of cities along the Pacific coast, C on the coast is 1.8.

As D (the distance from the coast) increases, C remains below 3.3 until D reaches 18 miles. Thereafter, C Increases significantly, suggesting that most tornadoes have been unreported in these areas.

Southern California Edison Company 17 STornado Hazard Analysis Relating to HilIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIISEP Topic 1II--2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Under the reasonable assumption that tornadoes within 20 to 30 miles of the Pacific coast are reported only from the city areas shaded in Figure 5, the value of C which varies with D was used as the ncity-correction factor".

Table 8 presents the steps used in determining true tornado frequencies by applying both year-and-city corrections to the reported frequencies. These steps are:

N.............

Reported frequencies between 1916 and 1983 S

N x Y.........

Year-corrected frequencies, Y = 3.26 N x Y x C.....

Year-and-city corrected frequencies The year-and-city correction factor, Y C, in the last column of Table 8 shows that the smallest factor of 5.9 applies to the one-mile wide coastal band in which the San Onofre Unit 1 site is located. Within a 15-mile distance from the coast, the range of YC varies between 7 and 10.

This means that, hypothetically, only one out of seven to ten tornadoes were reported during the 68-year period, 1916 -

1983, in this 15 mile wide band, but one in six tornadoes were reported in the San Onofre Unit 1 coastal band.

Southern California Edison Company 18 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIlllIIlninlIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

MOJAVE DESERT 3942 42 so*

e 01

7 1

V68' 63637i0 62 Los Ange as 6* 60 03 34*N d

502

HSPalm Springs GLETA 50 19~~

~~

VV 1-

\\%'

k V

V V

46 5,7 Santo Catalina I SONGS SITE 0 San Nicolas Is.

V 102 VV 33*N San Clemente Is.

20 I19*W 113.

Son Diego)

Southern California Tornadoes 109 2\\

105 4 V

'-3 R.4:SVV 4 V 1-3

+

REPORTED TORNADOES 1916-1983 V

WATERSPOUT-TORNADOES 1916 -

1983 V

V REPORTED WATERSPOUTS 1956-1983 1*W6II Fig. 5 Tornadoes in Relation to Cities Southern California Edison Company 19

=

-1_

i Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IlllIIIIllIIIllllllIIIII SE P Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 8 Year and City Correction Factors Year-and-city corrections applied to the reported tornado frequencies.

D...........

Distance from the coast (miles)

N............

Reported frequencies between 1916 and 1983 x...........

Total length of the coast-parallel line (miles)

Xc...........

Cumulative length of city areas measured along the line (miles)

C = X/Xc....

City-correction factor which varies with D Y...........

Year-correction factor = 3.26, a constant NY..........

Year-corrected frequencies computed from Nx Y NYC........

Year-and-city-corrected frequencies computed from N x Y x C YC..........

Year-and-city-correction factor which varies with D D

N X

Xc C

NY NYC YC 0 mi 14 210 mi 118 mi 1.8 45.6 82 5.9 1

5 208 95 2.2 16.3 36 7.2 2

1 207 74 2.8 3.3 9

9.1 3

3 206 76 2.7 9.8 26 8.8 4

4 205 75 2.7 13.0 35 8.8 5

4 204 68 3.0 13.0 39 9.8 6

2 204 65 3.1 6.5 20 10.1 7

2 204 65 3.1 6.5 20 10.1 8

1 204 72 2.8 3.3 9

9.1 9

1 204 82 2.5 3.3 8

8.2 10 1

204 87 2.3 3.3 7

7.5 11 3

204 81 2.5 9.8 24 8.2 12 2

205 84 2.4 6.5 16 7.8 13 2

206 74 2.8 6.5 18 9.1 14 0

206 75 2.7 0.0 0

8.8 15 1

207 71 2.9 3.3 9

9.5 16 1

208 64 3.3 3.3 11 10.8 17 1

209 69 3.0 3.3 10 9.8 18 0

209 42 5.0 0.0 0

16.3 19 1

210 23 9.1 3.3 11 29.7 20 1

211 27 7.8 3.3 11 25.4 23 2

214 29 7.4 6.5 48 24.1 30 1

220 16 13.8 3.3 45 45.0 31 2

221 16 13.8 6.5 90 45.0 34 1

224 11 20.4 3.3 67 66.5 36 2

225 8

28.1 6.5 183 91.6 Southern California Edison Company 20 F.Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIII llIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

C.

Waterspout-Tornadoes Inside the One-Mile Wide Band Along the Pacific Coast Examination of tornadoes inside the one mile wide Pacific Coastal Band showed that all were waterspout originated.

Fourteen of these waterspout tornadoes were reported inside the one-mile wide coastal band (see Table 9).

Of these, 7 were rated wFO, 5 were

wF1, and 2 were wF2.

After year-and-city corrections, the number of tornadoes classified by F scale were increased to 41.0 FO, 29.3 Fl, and 11.7 F2 tornadoes.

This represents the number of tornadoes which should have been reported between 1916 and 1983 had the entire coastal band been populated with tornado conscious citizens.

It should be noted that waterspout tornadoes are weakened by the transition from water to land and tend to either dissipate or, as energy is gained moving further inland, intensify.

As an example, No. 64, the Long Beach tornado (rated as wF2) was regarded as F1 inside the coastal band and did not intensify until it had moved two to three miles inland.

Table 9 Waterspout Tornadoes Inside One Mile Coastal Band Number of waterspout-tornadoes inside the one mile wide band of the 210 miles long coast line where D = 0 to 1.

Tornado F scale FO Fl F2 Reported frequencies (N) 7 5*

2*

After Year-correction (NY) 22.8 16.3 6.5 After year-and-city-corrections (NYC) 41.0 29.3 11.7

The intensity of No. 64 Long Beach tornado (rated as wF2) was Fl as it moved across the one-mile wide band. Consequently, the reported frequencies of F2 tornadoes inside the band was reduced by one and those of Fl tornadoes was increased by one.

Southern California Edison Company 21 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIllllllll IIllluIllIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

The data on number of tornadoes in Table 9 is not the only data required to compute tornado probabilities since it must be coupled with the area of mean tornadoes (naverage" tornadoes) expected to occur along the Pacific coast. The Damage Area Per Path Length (DAPPL) values obtained by Abbey and Fujita [4] are based on the survey of super outbreak tornadoes (SOT) of April 3-4, 1974.

DAPPL values are expressed by "area in mile2n per "path length in mile" which is in mile 2/mile = mile unit. Therefore, DAPPL values represent the mean width of the area affected by a specific windspeed, which was averaged over the entire path length.

Consequently, DAPPL values vary with both windspeed and F scale.

The DAPPL values of California coastal tornadoes (CCT) are expected to be much smaller than those of SOT.

To determine the difference in DAPPL values for SOT and CCT, the mean path widths of CCT by F scale were computed and are shown in Table 10.

The results revealed that the mean width of the FO CCT is 52.9% of the mean width of the FO SOT, F1 CCT is 45.8% of F1 SOT, and F2 CCT is 43.2% of F2 SOT.

Under the assumption that the mean widths at various windspeeds of CCT are smaller than those of SOT by the computed percent values, DAPPL values for CCT listed in Table 11 were obtained by multiplying these percent ratios by SOT DAPPL values.

The statistical path lengths in Table 12 were computed for each tornado scale after using the year-and-city correction factors. These results are based on the assumption that the mean path length inside the one-mile wide band does not exceed the band width of 1.000 mile.

The basis for this assumption is that waterspout tornadoes are most likely to cross the coast line in a perpendicular direction.

Finally, Table 13 gives the tornado probabilities obtained as products of DAPPL and statistical path length. Since the probability of a specific windspeed is contributed by all tornadoes, FO, Fl, and F2, the last line in the table denotes the occurrence probability of each windspeed.

Table 13 shows occurrence probabilities as a function of windspeed while Table 6 shows tornado windspeed as a function of probability of occurrence per year.

Southern California Edison Company 22

-Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIllIllIIII~llIllIlluIIIlI SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 10 CCT Mean Path Length and Width Mean path length and width of California coastal tornadoes (CCT) in relation to those of super outbreak tornadoes (SOT) of April 3-4, 1974.

Tornado F scale FO Fl F2 N, Reported frequencies of CCT 23 25 14 IL, Total path length of CCT 5.4 29.1 36.2 miles L, Mean path length of CCT 0.235 1.164 2.586 miles EW, Total path width of CCT 0.34 0.71 1.12 miles W, Mean path width of CCT 0.0148 0.0284 0.0800 mile is, Mean path width of SOT 0.028 0.062 0.185 (W/gs ratio in %)

(52.9%)

(45.8%)

(43.2%)

A = L x W, mean tornado area 0.0035 0.0331 0.2069 mile Table 11 Comparison of DAPPLE Values for SOT and CCT DAPPL values for super outbreak tornadoes (SOT) and Califoria coastal torndoes (CCT).

W/Ws ratios in Table 10 are 52.9% for FO, 45.8% for Fl, and 43.2% for F2 tornadoes.

10- 2, 10-3, etc., In this table is expressed by-2,-3, etc. DAPPL values in miles.

Tornado Windspeed F scale 50 100 150 200 250 mph SOT FO 1.16-02 1.85-05 1.03-08 2.66-12 3.67-16 CCT FO 6.14-03 9.78-06 5.45-09 1.41-12 1.94-16 SOT F1 8.07-02 2.04-03 2.76-05 2.36-07 1.39-09 CCT Fl 3.70-02 9.34-04 1.26-05 1.08-07 6.37-10 SOT F2 2.23-01 2.52-02 1.85-03 1.01-04 4.26-06 CCT F2 9.63-02 1.09-02 7.99-04 4.36-05 1.84-06 Southern California Edison Company 23 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 12 Statistical Path Length of CCT Statistical path length L for computing tornado probabilities.

EL L

=

Area x Period Area of the 1-mile wide coastal band is 210 sq miles. Period between 1916 and 1983 is 68 years.

Tornado F scale F 0 F 1 F 2 Year-and-city-corrected frequencies (NYC) 41.0 29.3 11.7 Mean path length of CCT (L) 0.235 1.164 2.586 miles Mean path length within 1-mile band 0.235 1.000 1.000 mile Total path length within 1-mile band (EL) 9.635 29.3 11.7 miles Statistical path length L 6.75-04 2.05-03 8.19-04 mile yr' Table 13 CCT Probabilities vs. Windspeed Tornado probabilities computed as a function of windspeeds from P a DAPPL x I where L denotes statistical path length in Table 11. Probabilities in year ".

Windspeed 50 100 150 200 250 mph F 0 4.14-06 6.60-09 4.46-12 9.52-16 1.31-19 F 1 7.59-05 1.91-06 2.58-08 2.21-10 1.31-12 F 2 7.89-05 8.93-06 6.54-07 3.57-08 1.51-09 All tornadoes 1.59-04 1.08-05 6.80-07 3.59-08 1.51-09 Southern California Edison Company 24

- ~Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIISE P Topic 111-2 at San Onof re Unit 1

D.

Tornado Model The tornado windspeed evaluation resulted in the maximum tornado windspeeds at the San Onofre Unit 1 site shown in Table 6.

This maximum windspeed is a vector sum of four component speeds, U (inflow), V (tangential), W (vertical), and T (translational). The tornado model developed to assimilate these components is presented below.

The simplest tornado model is a traveling Rankine vortex consisting of a solid-rotation core surrounded by a V-R vortex.

A V-R vortex is one in which the velocity is inversely proportional to the radius.

Component windspeeds in this model do not vary with height, and can be written as:

maximum windspeed = translational speed + tangential speed.

Due to the over-simplification of this model, the maximum windspeed begins at ground level and results in a meteorological paradox as well as an unrealistic missile generation model caused by extreme velocity winds sweeping the ground.

This is not accurate because the meteorological principle and physical boundary condition require that all component winds must be zero at ground-level.

Furthermore, a tornado must have an intense inflow above the ground and an outflow at higher levels which is not accounted for by this simplified model.

An alternate and more realistic tornado model was developed by Dr. Fujita [61.

The "Design-Basis Tornado 1977 (DBT-77)" model [6, 7, 8] is characterized by concentric inner and outer cores which rotate as one solid core.

A horizontally uniform vertical motion exists inside the outer core while the inner core is free from vertical motions.

Parameters used in the equations of DBT-77 are:

R.................Radialdistancefromtornadocenter(m)

Roo 66 oo6 o4 ooRadius of outer core (m) r = R/Ro.......

Relative radius Rn = nR..........

. Radius of inner core (i)

H.................

Height above the ground (i)

H......

- ........Height of the top of inflow layer (i) h = H/Hi Relative height U...............

Inflow speed (mph), positive outward V..................

Tangential (rotational) speed (mph)

W...................Vertical speed (mph), positive upward T...................

o oTranslational (traveling) speed (mph) of tornado Um...............

Maximum inflow or outflow speed (mph) at r1 Vm i............

Maximum tangential speed (mph) at r = h=1 in..................

Maximum vertical speed (mph) at h= 1 Tm...........

Southern California Edison Company 25 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Some tornadoes are extremely large while others are very small. In order to realistically model these large and small storms, three core sizes are used in formulating the DBT-77.

Core sizes R0 = JV Tm = CV k

(meters)

(mph)

(constant)

Small-core tornado 0.2 Vm 0.22 Vm 0.01 Medium-core tornado 0.4 Vm 0.24 Vm 0.02 Large-core tornado 0.6 Vm 0.26 Vm 0.03 Equations of DBT-77 are formulated in order to satisfy the following three conditions, guided by meteorological principles and boundary conditions.

1.

Equation of continuity

2.

Zero speed or no motion at the surface where h = 0

3.

Zero speed or no motion where r = infinity Different equations are used to describe windfields above and below the top of the inflow layer.

Equations at the Top of Inflow Layer (h = 1)

U =0 everywhere (1)

V r Vm where R < R (2)

V r-1 Vm where Ro < R (3)

W =W m = 0.398 V where R n < R < R (4)

W =0 where R < R or Ro < R (5)

T = Tm where R < R (6)

T r-1 Tm where R0 < R (7)

Southern California Edison Company 26

?

-Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Equations Inside the Inflow Layer (h < 1) 1 3

U = U =-0.75 h6 (1 -

h2) V where R = R (8) o m

0 U = 0 where R < R (9)

U = r 1 U0 where R < R (10)

-1 2

2 -1 U = VR

[R

- 0.55(R R )H.]

where Rn < R < Ro (11) 1 6

V = V

=h V

where R = R (12) o m

0 V = r V0 where R < R0 (13)

V = r 1 V0 where R

< R (14) 7 8

6 3

W = 0.0442 (16h 7h ) V where R < R <-R (15)

W =0 where R < Rn or Ro < R (16) 1 T =T

=h T

where R < R (17) o m

T = r-1 T0 where R < R (18)

Equations Inside the Outflow Layer (h > 1)

U = Uo = 0.00 7 2 3 [e-k(h-1 )

- 2 k(h-1 )]Vm where R = R (19)

U = O where R < Rn (20)

U = r 1 Uo where R0 < R (21)

- 1 2

2

-1 U = UR

[ R 0.55 (R0 R ) H ]

where R < R < R (22)

V Vo e-k(h-1 ) Vm where R = R0 (23)

Southern California Edison Company 27 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

V = rV 0 where R < R (24)

V = r-1 V 0 where R

< R (25)

W = 0. 3 9 8 [2 e-k(h-1) e-2 k(h-l)]Vm where R n< R < R0 (26)

W = 0 where R < R or R 0 <R (27)

T = Tm where R < R0 (28)

T = r-1 Tm where R < R (29) where k is a constant which varies with core size; k = 0.01 for small-core, k = 0.02 for medium-core, and k = 0.03 for large-core tornadoes.

The inflow height and radius of the inner core of DBT-77 are assumed to vary with R the radius of the outer core. Equations for computation are Rn = n R0 where n = 0.9 - 0.7e-0. 0 0 5 Ro (30)

Hi i R 0 where i = 0.55 (1 - n2 )

(31)

The maximum horizontal speed, MH, at a given height is located at the edge of the outer core in the right-rear sector of a tornado. The speed is expressed by MH = T

+ (U2 + V2) 1/2 (32) where To, U00 and V0 are defined by Eqs. (8) through (28).

The maximum total speed, FH, is the vector sum of MH and WH, the vertical speed at height H.

Thus, FH = (M H + W 2

(33) when H = 10m, the total speed F10 denotes the F scale windspeed.

F10 at the San Onofre Unit 1 site is 103 mph for a 10-5 per year probability of occurrence and 183 mph for a 10- 7 per year probability of occurrence which consists of the component speeds provided in Tables 14A and 148.

For this purpose, F10 was computed by varying Vm from 70 mph to 90 mph for the 10-S probability storm and 130 mph to 160 mph for the 10-7 probability storm in 0.1 mph increments. This resulted in Vm = 80.4 mph for F1 0 = 103 mph, and Vm = 147.5 mph for F 1 0 = 183 mph.

Southern California Edison Company 28 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIlllIIII~lllllllIIIIIll SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 14A San Onofre Unit 1 Tornado Parameters For 10- 5 Probability of Occurrence Parameters of the 10-5 probability per year tornado applicable to San Onofre Unit 1 are provided below. All parameters are tabulated as functions of height above surface.

H.....

Height above apparent ground (meters)

T.....

Translational speed at the edge of outer core (mph)

U...... Inflow speed () at the edge of outer core (mph)

V...... Rotational speed at the edge of outer core (mph)

W.....

Vertical speed on the inside edge of outer core (mph)

W.....

Vertical speed on the outside edge of outer core (mph)

F......

Total speed on the inside edge of outer core (mph)

Fat....

Total speed on the outside edge of outer core (mph)

T.....

Translational speed at the edge of inner core (mph)

U..... Inflow speed at the edge of inner core (mph)

V.....

Rotational speed at the edge of inner core (mph)

W...

Vertical speed on the inside edge of inner core (mph)

W.2....

Vertical speed on the outside edge of inner core (mph)

F.....

Total speed on the inside edge of inner core (mph)

F.t....

Total speed on the outside edge of inner core (mph)

Height At the edge of outer core At the edge of inner core H

T.

U, V. W.'

W.2 F,

F.2 T. U, V. W, W"r F.,

F.r 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 8.5 -28.9 39.5 0.3 0

56.6 56.6

.5 0 9.9 0

0.3 19.3 1.3 0.20 9.5 -32.3 43.2 0.7 0

63.5 63.5 9.5 0 11.0 0

0.7 20.5 20 5 0.30 10.2 -34.5 46.3 1.2 0

67.9 67.9 10.2 0

11.

0

.2 21.9 22 0 0.40 10.7 -36.0 48.5 1 7 0

7 11 71.1 10.7 0

12.3 0

1.7 23.0 23 0 0.50 11.1 -37.2 50 4 2 1 0

73 7 73.7 11.1 0

12.6 0

2.1 23.9 23 9 0.60 11.4 -38.2 51.9 2.6 0

75 9 75.9 11.4 0

13.2 0

2.6 24.6 24.7 0.70 11.7 -39.0 53.3 3 2 0

77.8 77.7 it.7 0

13.5 0

3.2 25.3 25 3 0.80 12.0 -39.6 54.5 3 7 0

79.4 79.3 12.0 0 13.8 0

3.7 25.8 25 9 0.90 12.2 -40.2 55.6 4.2 0

80.9 80.8 12.2 0

14.1 0

4.2 26.3 26.4 1.00 12.4 -40.6 56.5 4.7 0

82.2 82.1 12.4 0

14.4 0

4.7 26.8 26.9 2.00 14.0 -41.9 63.5 10.3 0

90.6 90.0 14.0 0

16.1 0

10.3 30.1 30.3 3 00 14.0 -39.9 67.9 15.7 0

95.0 93.6 14.9 0

17.3 0

15.7 32.2 32.4 4.00 15.7 -35.5 71.2 20 8 0

97.5 95.2 15.7 0

16.1 0

20.8 33.8 34.1 5 00 16.3 -29.4 73.9 25 0 0

99.1 95.8 16.3 0

1. 8 25.1 35.0 35 4 6.00 16.8 -21.9 76.2 28 5 0

100.2 96.0 16.8 0

19.4 0

29.5 36.t 36.5 7.00 17.2 -13.0 78.2 30.9 0

101.3 96.5 17.2 0

19.9 0 30.9 37.1 37.5 a 00 17.6

-2.9 80.0 31.9 0

102.7 97.6 17.6 0

20.3 0

31.9 37.9

38. 3

@98 27 17.7

-0.0 80.4 32.0 0

103.2 98.1 17.7 0

20.4 0

32.0 38.1 39.5 9.00 17.7 0.0 0.3 32.0 0

103.1 98.0 17.7 0

20.4 0

32.0 39.1 3.5 1 000 17.7 0.0 90.2 32.0 0

103 O 97.9 17.7 0

20.4 0

32.0 39.1 38 5 11 00 17.7 0.0 80 1 32.0 0

102.9 97 8 17.7 0 20.4 0

32.0 38.0

3. 5 12 00 17.7 0.0 80.0 32.O 0

102 9 97.7 17.7 0

20.3 0

32.0 39.0 38 4 13 00 17.7 0.0 79.9 32.0 0

102 7 97 6 17.7 0 20 3 0 32.0 38 0 38 4 14 00 17.7 0.0 79.8 32.0 0

102 6 97.5 17.7 0

20.3 0

32 0 38 0 38 4 15 00 17.7 0.0 79.7 32.0 0

102 6 97.4 17.7 0

20.3 0

32.0 37.9 38.4 2000 1 7.7 0.0 79 3 32.0 0

102 1 97.0 17.7 0

20.1 0

32.0 37.!

39.2 4000 17.7 0.A 77.4 32 0 0

100.3 95.1 17.7 0

19.7 0

32.0 37.3 37.9 6000 17.7 0.1 75.5 31 9 0

98 5 93.2 17.7 0

19.2 0

31.9 36.9 37 3 80.00 17.7 0.1 73.7 31 8 0

96.9 91.4 17.7 0

18.7 0

31.8 36.4 36.9 100 00 17.7 0.2 72.0 31.6 0

95.1 89.6 17.7 0

19.3 0

31.6 36.0 36 4 200 00 17.7 0.3 63.8 30.6 0

97.0 1.5 17.7 0

16.2 0

30.6 33 9 34 3 300 00 17.7 0.4 56.5 29.2 0

79.7 74.2 17.7 0

14.4 0

29 2 32 0 32 5 400 00 17.7 0.4 50.1 27 4 0

73.1 67.8 17.7 0

12.7 0

27.4 30 4 30 9 50000 17.7 0.4 44.4 25 6 0

67.1 62.1 17.7 0

11.3 0

25.6 29.0 29 4 600 00 17.7 0.4 39.3 23.6 0

61 7 57.0 17.7 0

10.0 0

23.6 27.7 28 1 700 00 17.7 0.4 34.8 21.7 0

56.9 52.5 17.7 0

8.9 0

21.7 26 5 26.9 800 00 17.7 0.4 30.9 19.9 0

52.5 49.6 17.7 0

7.8 0

19.9 25 5 25 9 900 00 17.7 0.4 27.4 18 1 0

48.5 45.1 17.7 0

7.0 0 18.1 24.6 25 0 1000.00 17.7 0.4 24.2 16 4 C

45.0 41.9 17.7 0

6 2 0

16.4 23.8 24.2

Top of Inflow ot 8.27m above surface

-Southern California Edison Company 29 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to lllllllIIIIIIIIIllIII SE P Topic 111-2 at San Onof re Unit 1

Table 14B San Onofre Unit 1 Tornado Parameters For 10-7 Probability of Occurrence Parameters of the 10-7 probability per year tornado applicable to San Onofre Unit 1 are provided below. All parameters are tabulated as functions of height above surface.

H.....

Height above apparent ground (m)

To..... Translational speed at the edge of outer core (mph)

Uo.....

Inflow speed (-) at the edge of outer core (mph)

Vo.....

Rotational speed at the edge of outer core (mph)

Wo,.... Vertical speed on the inside edge of outer core (mph)

Wo.... Vertical speed on the outside edge of outer core (mph)

Fo..... Total speed on the inside edge of outer core (mph)

For....

Total speed on the outside edge of outer core (mph)

T..... Translational speed at the edge of inner core (mph)

U......

Inflow speed at the edge of inner core (mph)

V,..... Rotational speed at the edge of inner core (mph)

W,,.... Vertical speed on the inside edge of inner core (mph)

W,.... Vertical speed on the outside edge of inner core (mph)

Fn1....

Total speed on the inside edge of inner core (mph)

Fn,.... Total speed on the outside edge of inner core (mph)

Height At the edge of outer core At the edge of inner core H

To Uo V0 Wa, W02 F0, F0 Tn Un V, Wn, W 2 Fnm Fn2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 00 0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.

t4 1 -48. 1

64.

0. 3 0

9.2.3 94.3 14.1 0

19.0 0 0.3 33.1 33.2 0.?

15.8 -53.9 72.0 0.7 0 105.8 105.8 15.8 0

21.3 0

0.7 37.1 37.2 0.3 1.9 -57.6 77.0

.1 0

113.1 1;3.1 16.9 0 22.8 0

1.0 39.7 39.8 0 4 17.8 -G.3 80.8 1.5 0

116.6 118.6 17.9 0

23.9 0

1.5 41.7 41.7 0.5 18.4 -G2.5 83.9 2 0 0

123.1 123.0 18.4 0

24.8 0 2.0 43.3 43.3 0.6 19 0 -G4.3 B6 4 2 5 0

126.8 126.8 19.0 0 25.6 0 2.5 4.6 44.6 0 7 19 5 -65.8 88.7 3 0 0

130.0 130.0 49.5 0 26.3 0

3.0 45.8 45.8 0.8 20.0 -67.2 90.7 3 4 0

132.9 132.8 20.0 0 26.8 0

3.4 46.8 46.8 0.9 20.3 -68.3 92.5

4.

0 135.4 135.3 20.3 0 27.4 0

4.0 47.1 47.8

1. 0 20.7 -69.4 94.1 4.5 0

137 7 137.6 20.7 0 27.9 0

4.5 48.6 48.6 2.0 23.2 -75.3 105.7 9.9 0

153.3 153.0 23.2 0 31.3 0

9.9 54.5 54,6 3.0 2.1 9 -77 0 113 0 15.6 0

162 4 161 7 24.9 0

33.5 0 15.6 58.3 58.5 4 0 26 1 -76.5 118 6 21.3 0

168.5 167 2 26.1 0 35.1 0

21.3 61.2 61.4 5.0 27 1 -74.2 123 1 26 9 0

172.9 170.8 27.1 0

36.4 0 26.9 63.5 63.7 6.0 27 9 - 0.6 126.9 32 3 0

176

73 1 27 9 0 37.6 0 32.3 65.5 65.7 7.0 28.6 -6 59 130 2 37 3 0

178 5

74. 6 28.6 0 38.5 0 37.3 67.2 67.5 8.0 29.3 -60.2 133 1 42 0 0

180.3 175.4 29.3 0

39.4 0 42.0 68.7 69.0 9.0 29 9 53.6 135.8 4G.3 0

181.8 175.8 29.9 0 40.2 0 46.3 70.1 70.4 10.0 30.4.46 138.2 50O 0

183 0 176.0 30.4 0 40.9 0

500 7.3 71.6 11.0 30.9 37 8 40.4 53 1 0

184.; 17G.3 30.9 0 41.6 0 53.1 72.4 72.8 12.0 31 3 -28.9 142.4 55 6 0

185 2 176 7 31.3 0 42.2 0 55.6 73.5 73.9 13.0 3 18 -19.2 244.3 57 4 0

186 4 177.4 31.8 0 42.7 0 57.4 74.5 74 9 14.0 32 1

-8.8 146 1 58 4 0

187 9 178 5 32 1 0 43.3 0

58 4 75 4 75.8 15.0

32.

0.0 147 5 58 7 0

189 3 179.9 32.4 0 43.7 0 58.7 76.1 76.5 20.0 324 0.0 147 0 58.7 0

188.8 179.4 32.4 0 43.5 0 58.7 76.0 76.3 40.0 32.4 0.1 145.0 58.7 0

186 9 177.5 32.4 0 42.9 0 58.7 75.4 75 8 600 3?.4 0 1 143.1 58.7 0

185 I 175.5 32.4 0 42.3 0 58.7 74.8 75.2 80.0 32 4 0.1 14l.1 5R f 0

183. 2173 6 32.4 0

41.8 0

58.6 74.2 74.6 100.0 32.4 0.2 139.3 52 5 0

281.4 171.7 32.4 0

41.2 0 58.5 73.7 74.1 200.0 32 4 03 230 2 57.9 0

172.6 G2.6 32.4 0 38.5 0

57 9 72.0 72 4

3000 32 4 0.5 12;.7 56.9 0

64,3 154.1 32.4 0

36.0 0 56.9 68 5 68 9 400.0 32 4 0.6 113 7 55.

0 15G.

146.2 32.4 0

33.7 0

55.6 66.1 66 5 500.0 32.A OG 10G.3 54.2 0

148 9 139 7 32.4 0

31.5 0

54.1 63.9 64 3 600.0 32 4 0.7 99.3 52.4 0

2.22.8 231.8 32.4 0

29.4 0

52.4 6.9 62 3 700.0 32.4 0.7 92.8 50 6 0

135.1 175 3 32.4 0

27.5 0

50.6 59.9 604

80) 0

32.

2.8 80.8 42 0

8 119 2 32.4 0

25.7 0 48.8 58 1 58 6 900.0 32 4 0

81.1 40.8 O

t?2.8 13.6 32.4 0

2d.0 0

46.8 565 569 2000.0 32.-I 0 8 75 4 JJ 0 0

_17 2 208 1

32.4 0

22.4 0

44.8 54 9 55 3 Southern California Edison Company 30 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIlllllIllIIIlll SE P Topic 111-2 at San Onof re Unit 1

Parameters of the DBT-77 at San Onofre Unit 1 Once Vm is determined, other parameters can be computed from the DBT-77 equations.

Tornadoes which will affect the San Onofre Unit 1 site are waterspout tornadoes which are small-core tornadoes. Giant tornadoes in the Midwest are large-core tornadoes while most medium-core tornadoes occur in the East Coast states. The parameters computed for a small-core tornado are:

Parameter 10-5 Probability 10-7 Probability Equation V m=

80.4 mph 147.5 mph R0 =

JVm = 0.2Vm =

52.8 ft.

97 ft.

R n=

nR

=

13.4 ft.

29 ft.

(30)

H.=

iR

=

27 ft.

49 ft.

(31)

U =

0.0 mph (outflow) at 10m AGL -46.1 mph (inflow)

(8)

V =

80.2 mph at lOm AGL 183.2 mph (12)

W o=

32.0 mph at 10m AGL 50.0 mph (15)

Tm=

CVM =0.22 Vm = 17.7 mph 32.4 mph k =

0.01 0.01 For graphical features of DBT-77, refer to Figures 6 and 7.

Variation of Tornado Windspeed with Height in DBT-77 DBT-77 equations are used in computing various speeds on both the inside and outside edges of inner and outer cores. Values in Tables 14A and 14B were computed by changing the height at 0.1 meter intervals (up to 1 m AG L), 1 meter intervals (up to 15 m), etc.

It should be noted that no vertical motion exists inside the inner core and outside the outer core.

No radial speed, inflow or outflow, exists inside the inner core which rotates like a solid cylinder.

Windfields of the tornados at San Onofre Unit 1 were computed based on the DBT-77 model along 14 azimuths indentified as THETA -

between 00 (north) and 3300 for every 300.

This data is presented in Tables 15(A,B) through 21(A,B).

Values of R are in meters. Abbreviations are:

DIREC Wind direction in degrees measured from the left of the tornado's motion.

0 and 360 - wind blowing from the left of tornado's motion, 90 -

wind blowing from the direction of tornado's motion, 180 - wind blowing from the right, and 270 - wind Southern California Edison Company 31 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIll ll IIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

blowing In the direction of tornado's motion.

Directions were computed with one-degree accuracy.

SPEED...........

Horizontal component of windspeed in mph.

VVEL.................

Vertical velocity (speed) In mph.

TOTAL Total velocity in mph computed as the vector sum of horizontal and vertical velocities.

In order to visualize the airflow in and around the DBT-77 model, wind directions and speed at 10m and 1m AGL were plotted in Figures 8A, 88 and 9.

The calm spot located on the left side of the tornado center is the Instantaneous center of rotation that results as a combination of translational and rotational windfields. The strongest winds are seen in the right-rear sector of the tornado.

OUTER CORE Uo V0 TO 11TM

-h=2 OUTFLOW(+)

~ ~~r-t:----TP-OF NFLOW-- -VmWmT ph V

INFLOW(-)

H T.

Urn h=O Uo= Vo= Wo= To- 0 AT THE SURFACE Fig. 6 Definition of Speeds Used in DBT-77

= -Southern California Edison Company 32 7 =Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIillIllIIIIIIllllllllHllISEP Topic Ill-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Fig. 7 Height of the top of inflow in relation to the 10m AGL at which the F-scale winds are to be measured.

Tornadoes at San Onofre Unit 1 m

1 6year' 10 yeor' 20 15-TOP OF INFLOW 10----------------

-o-------

1030mph----

10mAGL---

183.0 TOP OF INFLOW 103.2 E

0 I L 50 100 150 200 m ph Southern California Edison Company 33 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIll llIIIIll lIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Fig. 8A Wind field at 10m AGL of the 10-S year tornado applicable to the San Onofre Unit 1 site. Vertical velocity at this height is very strong, but it varies very little with height.

As a result, the circulation field is more or less non-divergent everywhere.

-5

-1 Wind Field of the 10 year Tornado at 10m AGL 34 035 80 0

439 65 39 7

5...

42.V 7

. 453 -

.t

.39 17 53 P

. 3-...

.f-37 77-77 48 44

~

66 862 4882 air 40 46 O

10 20m l6.

.7 96~.*

___________Southern California Edison Company 34 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to SEP Topica 1-2 atSan0nofre Unit 1

Fig. 8B Windfield at 10m AGL of the 10-7 year1 tornado applicable to the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

Wind Field of the 10- 7year-I Tornado at 10m AGL L

0...

2Omph A. I00 mph

",lob Go

.80K

.20 40 6mtr Outer Core a

-s

__________Southern California Edison Company 35 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Fig. 9 Wind field at 1m AGL of the 10-5 year-1 tornado applicable to the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

Winds are convergent inside the dotted area where strong vertical motions exist.

The inner core and the tornado environment outside the outer core are characterized by non-divergent winds.

1-5 Wind Field of the 10year' Tornado at 1 m AGL 32 135 31mph Af48 46 53 65 58 47 4

,M47 727R -

3 s58 339 6

V7 i2 4 1 52 4.2~

53 IB5 311 2

40L 42 2

9 3

2 645

_63 SI 34 34 22 22

'1

.48 62 Q7.'2 8I

.49

-35

$44 69 65 d44 69 P58.

43

.476f3 ISI 064 44 441 10 20m 43 I..

I s a. I.

... I. s e a l Southern California Edison Company 36

. Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIlllllIIIIllIIll SE P Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 15A Windfield of the 10-5 year" 1 tornado at 1.00m (3.28') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

T4ETA-0 30 60 0

120 150 100 210 240 270 300 330*

R-0.00 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 I2mph V VEL 0

0 0

Omflph TOTAL

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12mph 2.00 DIREC 270 212 218 230 243 256 270 264 297 310 222 328 SPEED 2

6 12 16 20 22 23 22 20 16 12 6

VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 2

6 12 16 20 22 23 22 20 Is 12 6

R.

4.06 DIREC 90 180 203 221 23B 254 270 286 302 219 337 360 SPEED 2

7 13 19 23 26 27 26 23 19 13 7

VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 2

7 13 19 23 26 27 26 23 Is 13 7

R.

4.09 DIREC 9

10 203 221 238 254 270 286 302 319 337 0

SPEED 2

7 13 19 23 26 27 26 23 19 14 7

VVEL 5

5 5

5 TOTAL 5

9 14 20 24 26 27 26 24 20 14 9

R-6.00 DIREC 45 107 I58 190 214 236 255 275 295 315 337 5

SPEED 12 11 15 21 27 32 35 35 34 30 24 18 VVEL 5

5 5

5 TOTAL 13 12 is 22 28 32 35 35 34 30 25 19 R*

9.00 DIREC 45 B8 131 168 197 223 246 269 292 315 340 9

SPEED 27 25 27 32 39 44 46 49 48 45 39 33 V VEL 5

5 5

5 TOTAL 28 25 27 33 39 45 48 so 49 45 40 33 R-12.00 DIREC 46 64 124 159 90 217 242 267 291 316 342 12 SPEED 41 39 40 45 52 58 62 63 62 59 53 47 VVEL 5

5 5

5 TOTAL 42 39 40 45 52 58 62 64 63 59 54 47 R*

15.00 DIREC 47 83 120 155 186 214 240 265 291 317 344 14 SPEED 55 52 54 56 65 71 75 77 76 73 67 61 VVEL 5

5 5

5 TOTAL 55 53 54 59 65 71 75 77 76 73 67 61 R*

16.07 DIREC 47 83 119 154 OS 213 240 265 291 317 344 14 SPEED 60 57 56 63 69 76 80 82 a1 77 72 65 VVEL 5

5 5

5 TOTAL 60 57 59 63 70 76 0

82 81 78 72 66 Q. 16.09 DIREC 47 83 119 1S4 185 213 240 265 291 317 344 14 SPEED 60 57 58 63 69 76 80 82 a1 77 72 65 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 60 57 56 63 69 76 80 82 81 77 72 65 a* 20.00 DIREC 47 83 119 154 165 213 240 265 291 317 344 14 SPEED As 46 47 51 56 61 64 66 65 62 58 53 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 40 46 47 51 56 61 64 66 65 62 58 53 R.

30.00 DIREC 47 03 t19 154 f85 213 240 265 29 31 7 344 IA SPEED 32 31 31 34 37 41 43 44 43 42 3P 35 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 32 31 31 34 37 41 43 44 43 42 39 35 R*

40.00 DIREC 47 83 119 154 185 213 240 265 291 317 344 14 SPEED 24 23 24 25 28 30 32 33 33 31 29 26 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 24 23 24 25 26 30 32 33 33 31 29 26 N-50.00 DIREC 47 83 119 154 165 213 240 265 291 317 344 1i SPEED 19 18 19 20 22 24 26 26 26 25 23 21 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 19 Is 19 20 22 24 26 26 26 25 23 21 R-70.00 DIREC 47 83 119 154 165 213 240 265 291 317 344 14 SPEED 14 13 13 Is 16 17 10 19 19 16 17 15 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 14 13 13 Is 16 17 18 19 19 i8 17 Is Southern California Edison Company 37 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIlllIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIII SE P Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 15B Windfield of the 10-7 year -1 tornado at 1.00m (3.28') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA*

0 18.9 20 so 90 120 150 10 198.9 210 240 270 300 3300 R.

0 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 2700 SPEED 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 mph I

VEL 0

0 0

0.

0 0

TOTAL 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21mph R-3 DIREC 270 255 249 242 245 252 261 270 276 279 288 295 298 291 SPEED 11 12 13 18 23 27 29 30 30 29 27 23 18 13 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL I

12 13 18 23 27 29 30 30 29 27 23 18 13 R.

6 DIREC 270 203 203 214 227 241 256 270 279 284 299 313 326 337 SPEED 2

7 1o 20 28 35 38 40 39 38 35 28 20 10 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TDTAL 2

7 to 20 28 35 38 40 29 38 35 28 20 10 R-9 DIREC 80 139 160 192 214 233 251 268 279 286 304 322 344 13 SPEED 8

11 14 25 35 42 48 49 49 46 44 36 27 is V VEL 4

4 4

4rnph TOTAL a

11 15 25 35 43 48 so 49 48 44 36 27 17 R-12 DIREC 50 66 108 157 189 214 236 256 269 276 296 317 341 9

SPEED 23 20 21 28 39 49 56 61 62 61 58 52 43 32 VVEL 4

4 4

4 TOTAL 23 21 21 28 39 49 57 61 62 62 59 52 43 32 R. 15 DIREC 47 75 93 139 174 203 227 250 263 271 293 316 341 to SPEED 37 34 34 38 48 59 so 73 75 75 73 67 57 47 VVEL 4

4 4

4 TOTAL 38 34 34 39 48 59 s

73 75 75 73 67 58 47 R-20 DIREC 46 71 36 126 162 192 219 244 259 268 291 3i6 342 11 SPEED 60 56 56 59 67 78 8

94 96 97 95 89 Bo 69 VVEL 4

4 4

4 TOTAL 60 57 56 59 67 78 88 94 97 97 95 89 80 70 R-25 DIREC 46 69 83 121 156 187 215 241 256 266 290 316 343 13 SPEED 82 78 77 79 87 98 108 115 118 118 117 i1 102 91 VVEL 4

4 4

4 70TAL 82 78 77 80 88 98 108 115 118 119 117 111 102 91 R-30 DIREC 47 69 82 118 153 184 212 239 255 265 290 316 344 14 SPEED 99 96 95 97 104 115 125 132 135 135 134 128 119 108 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 99 96 95 97 104 115 125 132 135 135 134 128 119 108 R*

35 DIREC 47 69 82 118 153 184 212 239 255 265 290.316 344 14 SPEED 85 82 81 83 89 98 107 113 115 116 115 110 102 93 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 85 82 81 83 89 98 107 113 115 its 115 110 102 93 R-40 DIREC 47 69 02 118 153 184 212 239 255 265 290 316 344 14 SPEED 74 72 71 72 78 86 93 99 101 101 100 96 89 81 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 74 72 71 72 78 86 93 99 101 101 100 96 89 81 R* 45 DIREC 47 69 82 118 153 184 212 239 255 265 290 316 344 Id SPEED 66 64 63 64 69 76 83 aB 90 90 89 85 79 72 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 66 64 63 64 69 76 83 88 90 90 89 85 79 72 R.

50 DIREC 47 69 82 118 153 184 212 239 255 265 290 316 344 14 SPEED 60 57 57 58 63 69 75 79 81 8t 80 77 71 65 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL so 67 57 s8 63 69 75 79 al at 80 77 71 65 R. 60 DIREC 47 69 82 118 153 184 212 239 255 265 290 316 344 14 SPEED 50 48 47 48 52 57 62 66 67 68 67 64 59 54 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 50 48 47 48 52 57 62 66 67 68 67 64 59 54 R-70 DIREC 47 69 82 118 153 184 212 239 255 265 290 316 344 14 SPEED 43 dl 41 41 45 49 53 57 58 58 57 55 51 46 V VEIL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 43 41 di 41 45 49 53 57 58 58 57 55 51 46

- Southern California Edison Company 38

-5.

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IllIIllIIIIIIIIIIIllII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 16A Windfield of the 10-5 year 1 tornado at 3.00m (9.84') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA-0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 R*

0.00 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED S

15 15 15 t5 15 15 15 15 I5 15 15 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 15 15 Is 15 55 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 R*

3.00 DIREC 270 212 210 230 243 256 270 284 297 310 322 328 SPEED 2

7 14 20 24 27 28 27 24 20 14 7

VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOYAL 2

7 14 20 24 27 28 27 24 20 14 7

R.

4.08 DIREC 90 10 203 221 238 254 270 286 302 319 37 360 SPEED 2

9 16 23 28 31 32 31 28 23 16 9

VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 2

9 16 23 28 31 32 31 28 23 16 9

R*

4.09 DIREC 9

160 203 221 238 254 270 286 302 319 337 0

SPEED 2

3 16 23 28 31 32 31 28 23 16 9

V VEL I s 6

16 16 16 9

16 i

16 16 1

TOTAL 16 I

23 28 32 25 36 35 32 28 23 Is R-6.00 DIREC Si 115 164 194 213 238 258 277 297 317 340 8

SPEED 13 12 13 26 33 38 41 41 39 35 28 20 V VEL s

16 Is 6

1 16 16 16 16 16 TOTAL 21 20 24 31 37 41 44 44 42 38 32 26 R-9.00 01EC S1 95 139 174 203 227 250 273 295 316 344 14 SPEED 30 28 31 33 46 52 S6 57 56 51 44 36 V VEL is 16 16 16 16 16 16 is 16 16 s

is TOTAL 34 32 35 41 48 55 58 59 58 53 47 40 R-12.00 DIREC 52 91 131 165 195 222 247 271 295 320 346 17 SPEED 45 43 46 52 60 67 71 73 71 66 60 52 V VEL 16 1

16 1

16 is 16 16 I

16 16 TOTAL 48 46 48 55 62 69 73 75 73 68 62 54 R-15.00 DRC 53 90 127 161 191 219 245 270 295 321 343 19 SPEED 61 53 61 67 75 82 86 88 86 82 75 67 V VEL 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 TOTAL 63 60 63 69 76 83 88 90 8

83 76 69 R*

16.07 DIREC 53 90 126 160 190 21B 244 270 295 321 349 is SPEED 66 64 66 72 80 87 92 94 92 87 80 72 V VEL 16 16 16 16 16 s

16 16 iS 16 16 16 TOTAL 68 66 68 74 81 88 93 95 93 89 32 74 R-16.09 DIREC 53 90 126 160 190 218 244 270 295 321 349 19 SPEED 66 64 66 72 80 87 92 94 92 87 80 72 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL s

64 66 72 80 87 92 94 92 37 80 72 R-2000 DIREC 53 90 126 160 190 218 244 270 295 321 349 19 SPEED 53 51 53 Sa 64 70 74 75 74 70 64 58 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 53 51 53 68 64 70 74 75 74 70 64 58 R-30 00 DIREC 53 90 126 160 190 218 244 270 295 321 349 19 SPEED 36 34 35 39 43 47 49 50 49 47 43 39 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 36 34 35 39 43 47 49 50 49 47 43 39 R. 40.00 DIREC 53 90 126 160 190 21a 244 270 295 321 349 19 SPEED 27 26 27 29 32 35 37 38 37 35 32 29 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 27 26 27 29 32 35 37 38 37 35 32 29 R*

50.00 DIREC 53 90 126 160 190 218 244 270 295 321 349 19 SPEED 21 21 21 23 26 28 30 30 30 28 26 23 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 21 21 21 23 26 28 30 30 30 28 26 23 R-70.00 DIREC 53 90 126 160 190 218 244 270 295 321 349 19 SPEED Is 15 Is 17 I

20 21 22 21 20 Io 17 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL s

15 15 17 18 20 21 22 21 20 18 17 Southern California Edison Company 39 1Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IllnIllIIIIIIIIIIII SE P Topic 111-2 at San Onof re Unit 1

Table 16B Windfield of the 10-7 year-1 tornado at 3.00m (9.84') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA.

0 18.9 30 60 90 120 150 180 198 9 210 240 270 300 230 R.

0 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 R*

3 DIREC 270 255 249 242 245 252 261 270 276 279 288 295 298 291 SPEED 13 14 16 22 27 32 35 36 36 35 32 27 22 16 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TDTAL 13 14 16 22 27 32 35 36 36 35 32 27 22 16 R.

6 DIREC 270 203 203 214 227 241 256 270 279 284 299 313 326 337 SPEED 2

8 13 24 34 41 46 48 47 46 41 34 24 13 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 2

8 13 24 34 41 46 48 47 46 41 34 2A 13 R.

9 DIREC a1 140 160 192 214 233 251 269 280 286 304 323 344 13 SPEED 10 13 17 30 42 51 57 59 59 58 52 43 32 19 V VEL 16 16 16 16 16 s

16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 TOTAL t8 20 23 34 44

53.

59 61 6t 60 55 46 35 25 R=

12 DIREC 53 89 111 159 191 215 237 257 270 277 297 218 342 11 SPEED 27 24 25 34 47 59 68 73 74 73 70 62 50 38 V VEL s

16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 TOTAL 31 28 29 37 49 61 69 74 75 75 71 64 53 41 R. IS DIREC 49 78 96 141 176 204 229 251 265 273 294 317 342 11 SPEED 43 40 39 46 58 70 81 87 89 89 86 78 67 54 V VEL 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 TOTAL 46 43 42 48 60 72 82 88 90 90 87 80 69 57 Q-20 DIREC 48 73 88 129 164 194 221 245 260 269 293 317 343 13 SPEED 69 65 65 69 80 92 104 12 114 114 112 105 93 81 V VEL 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 TOTAL 71 67 67 71 81 94 105 113 115 115 113 106 95 82 R-25 DIREC 48 72 A6 124 158 189 217 242 258 267 292 318 345 15 SPEED 95 91 90 93 103 116 128 136 139 139 137 130 119 106 V VEL 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 1

16 16 16 TOTAL 96 92 91 94 104 117 129 137 140 140 138 131 120 107 R-30 DIREC 49 71 85 121 155 186 214 241 257 266 292 318 346 16 SPEED 115 111 110 113 122 135 147 155 I58 159 157 150 139 126 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 115 its 110 113 122 135 147 555 155 159 157 150 139 126 R*

35 DIREC 49 71 85 121 155 186 214 241 257 266 292 318 346 16 SPEED 99 95 94 97 05 116 126 133 136 136 135 128 119 108 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 99 95 94 97 105 116 126 133 136 136 135 128 119 108

0. 40 DIREC 49 71 85 121 155 186 214 241 257 266 292 318 346 16 SPEED 86 83 83 85 92 101 110 117 119 119 118 112 04 94 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 86 83 83 85 92 101 110 117 119 119 118 112 104 94 R*

45 DIREC 49 71 85 121 155 186 214 241 257 266 292 318 346 16 SPEED 77 74 73 75 82 90 98 104 105 106 105 100 92 84 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 77 74 73 75 82 90 98 104 105 106 105 100 92 84 R-50 DIREC 49 71 85 121 155 186 214 241 257 266 292 318 346 16 SPEED 69 67 66 68 73 81 88 93 95 95 94 90 83 76 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 69 67 66 s

73 81 88 33 95 95 94 90 83 76 R. 60 DIREC 49 71 85 121 155 186 214 241 257 266 292 318 346 16 SPEED 58 56 55 56 61 67 73 78 79 79 78 75 69 63 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 58 56 55 56 61 67 73 78 79 79 78 75 69 63 0* 70 DIREC 49 71 85 121 155 186 214 241 257 266 292 318 346 16 SPEED 49 48 47 48 52 S8 63 67 68 68 67 64 59 54 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 49 48 47 48 52 58 63 67 68 s

67 64 59 54 Southern California Edison Company 40 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIMIllllllllIlliI SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 17A Windfield of the 10-5 year-1 tornado at 5.00m (16.4') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA*

0 30 60 90 120 110 100 210 240 270 300 330 0.00 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED I$

Is 16 16 16 is Is 16 16 s

Is 16 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 16 16 s

Is If 16 1s 16 s

I6 16 i

R. 3.00 DIREC 270 212 218 230 243 256 270 234 297 310 322 328 SPEED 2

1 15 21 26 29 30 29 26 2t I5 a

VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 2

8 15 21 26 29 30 29 26 21 11 a

a* 4.08 DIREC 30 180 203 221 238 254 270 286 302 319 337 360 SPEED 2

9 18 25 30 34 35 34 30 2S Io 9

VYEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 2

9 18 25 30 34 2

34 30 25 18 9

R. 4.09 DIREC 90 180 203 221 238 254 270 286 302 319 337 0

SPEED 3

9 s

25 30 34 35 34 30 25 to 9

V VEL 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 TOTAL 25 27 31 35 39 42 43 42 39 35 21 27 R-6.00 DIREC 61 128 172 200 222 243 262 281 300 321 344 13 SPEED 13 14 21 29 37 42 44 44 41 36 28 20 V VEL 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 TOTAL 28 29 33 39 44 49 St 51 48 44 38 32 R=

9.00 DIREC 61 10 150 183 210 234 25 278 300 324 350 21 SPEED 29 28 33 41 so 56 59 so 57 1

43 3

V VEL 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 TOTAL 38 38 42 48 16

&1 64 65 62 57 50 43 R* 12.00 DIREC 62 103 142 175 204 230 254 277 301 226 353 25 SPEED 44 43 43 55 64 70 74 75 72 66 59 so V VEL 25 25 25 25 21 25 25 25 25 25 25 21 TOTAL 51 so 54 61 s

75 79 79 76 71 64 56 R9 15.00 DIREC 63 101 138 171 200 227 252 277 302 228 356 27 SPEED 19 58 62 70 78 85 89 90 87 81 73 61 V VEL 21 25 25 21 21 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 TOTAL 64 63 67 74 82 89 93 94 91 85 78 70 R* 16.07 DIREC 63 100 137 170 199 226 252 277 302 328 357 28 SPEED 65 63 68 75 83 90 95 96 93 87 79 71 V VEL 25 25 21 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 21 25 TOTAL 9

s8 72 79 67 94 90 09 96 90 03 75 R*

16.09 DIREC 63 100 137 170 199 226 212 277 302 328 357 28 SPEED 65 63 68 75 83 90 95 96 93 87 79 71 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 65 63 68 75 33 90 95 96 93 67 79 71 R1 20.00 DIREC 63 100 137 170 199 226 252 277 302 32 357 28 SPEED 52 S1 54 60 67 73 76 77 75 70 63 17 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 52 SI S4 60 67 73 76 77 75 70 63 17 3 20.00 DIREC 63 100 137 170 199 226 252 277 302 328 357 28 SPEED 35 34 36 40 45 49 5I S1 50 47 42 38 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 35 34 36 40 45 49 51 SI 50 47 42 38 R* 40.00 DIREC 63 100 137 170 199 226 252 277 302 328 37 23 SPEED 26 26 27 30 34 36 38 38 37 35 32 28 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 26 26 27 30 34 36 38 38 37 2S 32 28 R-50.00 DIREC 63 100 137 170 199 226 252 277 302 328 397 28 SPEED 21 20 22 24 27 29 31 31 20 23 25 23 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 21 20 22 24 27 29 31 S1 20 20 25 23 R* 70.00 DIREC 63 100 137 170 199 226 252 277 302 32 357 28 SPEED 15 Is 16 17 19 21 22 22 21 20 1o 16 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL I5 15 Is 17 19 21 - 22 22 21 20 to Is Southern California Edison Company 41 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIllIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 17B Windfield of the 10-7 year-1 tornado at 5.00m (16.4') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

TEA 0

19.9 30 so g0 120 150 180 198.9 210 240 270 200 330 8=

0 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 210 SPEED 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 VYLL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 R*

3 DIREC 270 255 249 242 245 2S?

261 270 276 279 288 295 298 291 SPEED IS 16 17 23 30 35 38 40 29 38 25 30 23 17 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL Is 16 17 23 30 25 28 40 29 38 25 30 23 17 R.

6 DIREC 270 203 203 214 227 241 256 270 279 284 299 313 326 337 SPEED 2

9 14 26 37 45 s0 52 51 s0 45 37 26 14 V VEL 0

0 0.0 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 2

9 14 26 27 45 S0 52 51 50 AS 27 26 14 R.

9 DIREC 82 140 161 192 214 233 251 269 280 286 304 323 344 13 SPEED 11 14 19 23 45 56 62 65 64 63 57 47 35 21 V VEL 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 21 21 TOTAL 29 20 33 42 53 62 68 70 69 68 63 54 44 34 R

12 DIREC 56 93 11 162 193 217 238 259 271 278 298 320 343 12 SPEED 28 25 27 37 51 64 74 79 80 79 75 66 53 39 V VEL 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 TOTAL 39 37 38 46 58 70 78 83 84 84 79 71 60 48 R. 15 DIREC 52 82 101 145 180 207 231 253 267 275 296 219 344 IA SPEED 45 41 41 49 63 76 87 94 95 95 92 83 71 57 V VEL 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 TOTAL 52 49 49 56 68

@1 91 98 99 99 95 87 76 63 R. 20 DIREC 52 77 93 133 168 198 224 248 263 271 295 29 346 16 SPEED 72 68 68 73 85 99 111 119 121 122 118 110 98 84 V VEL 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 TOTAL 77 73 73 78 89 103 115 122 124 125 122 113 101 88 R-25 DIREC S2 76 90 125 162 193 220 245 261 270 295 320 347 Is SPEED 98 94 94 98 110 124 136 145 147 148 145 136 124 110 V VEL 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 TOTAL 102 98 97 102 113 126 139 147 150 150 1

s39 127 113 R. 30 DIREC 52 75 89 125 159 190 210 244 260 269 294 321 348 19 SPEED 119 115 115 119 130 143 156 165 167 168 165 157 144 131 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 119 115 115 119 130 143 156 165 167 168 165 157 144 I3 R-35 DIREC 52 75 89 125 159 190 218 244 260 269 294 321 348 19 SPEED 102 99 98 102 111 1

134 1

144 144 142 134 124 112 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 102 99 98 102 111 123 134 1

144 144 142 134 124 112 R. 40 DIREC 52 75 89 125 159 190 218 244 260 269 294 321 348 9

SPEED 89 87 86 89 97 107 117 124 126 126 124 118 108 98 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 89 87 86 89 97 107 117 124 126 126 124 118 108 98 R. 45 DIREC 52 75 89 1

159 190 218 244 260 269 294 321 348 19 SPEED 80 77 76 79 86 96 104 110 112 112 10 104 96 87 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 80 77 76 79 86 96 104 110 112 112 110 104 96 87 R. 50 DIREC 52 75 89 1

159 190 218 244 260 269 294 321 348 19 SPEED 72 69 69 71 78 86 94 99 100 101 99 94 87 78 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 72 69 69 71 78 86 94 99 100 101 99 94 87 78 R. 60 DIREC 52 75 89 125 159 190 218 244 260 269 29' 321 348 19 SPEED 60 58 57 59 65 72 78 82 84 84 83 78 72 65 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 60 so 57 59 65 72 78 82 84 04 83 78 72 65 R* 70 DIREC 52 75 89 125 159 190 218 244 260 269 294 2

248 19 SPEED 51 49 49 51 56 61 67 71 72 72 71 67 62 56 V

2VEL 0 0

0 0

TOTAL 51 49 49 51 56 64 67 71 72 72 71 67 62 56

=Southern California Edison Company 42

-Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to llll~llIlllll~lllllSEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre U nit 1

Table 18 Windfield of the 10-5 year tornado at 8.27m (27.1') above surface (top of inflow) at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA*

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 0*

0.00 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED is tB II 18 10 1

1s 8

18 1 s '

VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL I

i 18 to is Is 18 18 18 If Is is a*

3.00 DIREC 270 212 216 230 243 256 270 234 237 310 322 328 SPEED 3

9 17 23 23 2

33 32 23 23 17 9

VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 3

9 17 23 28 32 33 32 28 23 17 9

R.

4.08 DIREC 90 180 203 221 238 254 270 286 302 319 337 360 SPEED 3

10 19 27 33 37 38 37 33 27 19 10 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 3

10 19 27 33 37 38 37 33 27 19 10 R-4.09 DIREC 90 180 203 221 238 254 270 236 302 319 337 0

SPEED 3

t0 19 27 33 37 38 37 33 27 19 10 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 2

32 32 32 TOTAL 32 34 37 42 46 49 50 49 46 42 37 34 R-6.00 DIREC 90 151 186 211 232 251 270 289 308 329 354 29 SPEED 12 17 26 35 42 46 48 46 42 35 26 17 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 34 36 41 47 53 56 57 56 53 47 41 36 R.

9.00 DIREC 90 137 173 201 226 248 270 292 314 339 7

43 SPEED 27 31 39 48 56 61 63 6t 56 48 39 31 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 42 45 51 58 64 69 70 69 64 58 51 45 R*

12.00 DIREC 90 131 167 196 223 247 270 293 317 344 13 49 SPEED 42 46 53 63 71 76 78 76 71 63 53 46 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 53 56 62 70 77 82 84 82 77 70 62 56 R-15.00 DIREC 90 128 163 193 220 246 270 294 320 347 17 52 SPEED 57 60 68 77 85 9l 93 91 85 77 s

60 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL S

68 75 83 at 96 98 96 91 83 75 s

R. 16.07 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 Is 52 SPEED 63 66 73 82 90 96 98 96 90 82 73 66 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 70 73 so 88 96 101 103 101 96 88 30 73 R-16.09 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 63 66 73 82 90 96 98 96 90 82 73 66 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 63 66 73 82 90 96 98 96 90 82 73 66 0- 20.00 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 I

52 SPEED 50 53 59 66 73 77 79 77 73 66 59 53 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 50 53 59 66 73 77 79 77 73 66 59 53 R* 30.00 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 34 35 39 44 49 52 53 52 49 44 39 35 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 34 35 39 44 49 52 53 52 49 44 39

'35 R. 40.00 DIREC 90 126 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 is 52 SPEED 25 26 29 33 36 39 39 39 36 33 29 26 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 25 26 29 33 36 39 39 29 36 33 29 26 R*

SODO DIVEC 90 120 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 20 21 24 26 29 3t 32 31 29 26 24 21 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 20 21 2'

26 29 31 32 31 29 26 24 21 R*

70.00 DIREC 90 128 163 192 220 245 270 295 320 34 is 92 SEED 14 is 17 19 21 22 23 22 21 13 17 Is VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 14 15 17 19 21 22 23 22 21 19 17 iS Southern California Edison Company 43 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to

.SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 19A Windfield of the 10- 5 year 1 tornado at 10.00m (32.8') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA*

0 30 60 90 120 SO 100 210 240 270 200 330

3.

0.00 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED is Is is Is Is 1o to is to so 1o Io VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL is I8 I8 8

i s

o II Is is ta Is R-3.00 DIREC 270 212 21B 230 243 256 270 284 297 310 322 328 SPEED 3

9 Is 23 28 32 33 32 28 23 16 9

VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 3

9 16 23 28 32 33 32 28 23 Is 9

R*

4.08 DIREC 90 180 203 221 238 254 270 286 302 31 337 360 SPEED 3

10 19 27 33 37 38 37 33 27 19 10 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 3

10 19 27 33 37 33 27 33 27 13 10 R-4.09 DIREC 0

130 203 221 238 254 270 286 302 319 337 360 SPEED 3

10 19 27 33 37 38 37 33 27 19 10 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 32 34 37 42 46 49 so 49 46 42 37 34 R*

6.00 DIREC 90 151 186 211 232 S1 270 289 300 329 354 29 SPEED 12 17 26 35 42 46 48 46 42 35 26 17 V VEL 32 22 3

2 32 32 32 32 32 22 22 32 TOTAL 34 36 41 47 S3 S6 57 56 S3 47 41 36 R-9.00 DIREC 90 137 173 202 226 248 270 292 314 339 7

43 SPEED 27 31 39 48 56 61 63 61 56 48 39 31 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 42 44 51 58 64 69 70 69 64 58 SI 44 R. 12.00 DIREC 90 131 167 196 223 247 270 293 317 344 13 49 SPEED 42 45 53 62 70 76 78 76 70 62 53 45 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 53 56 62 70 77 82 84 82 77 70 62 S6 R-15.00 DIREC 90 126 163 193 220 246 270 294 320 347 17 52 SPEED 57 60 63 77 35 91 93 91 85 77 68 60 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 66 8

75 83 91 96 98 96 91 83 75 68 R. 16.07 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 62 65 73 82 90 96 98 96 90 82 73 65 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 70 73 80 8

96 101 103 101 96 88 80 73 0- 16 09 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320. 348 to 52 SPEED 63 65 73 82 90 96 98 96 90 82 73 65 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 63 65 73 82 90 96 98 96 90 82 73 65 R= 20 00 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 50 53 59 66 73 77 79 77 73 66 59 53 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 50 53 59 66 73 77 79 77 73 66 59 53 R.

30.00 DIREC 90 128 162 132 220 245 270 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 34 35 39 44 48 51 52 51 48 44 39 35 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 34 25 39 44 48 51 52 51 48 44 39 35 R. 40 00 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 25 26 29 33 36 39 39 39 36 33 29 26 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 25 26 29 33 36 39 39 39 36 33 29 26 Q* 50.00 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 20 21 23 26 29 31 31 31 29 26 23 21 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 20 21 23 26 29 31 31 31 29 26 23 21 R* 70 00 DIREC 90 128 162 192 220 245 270 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 14 15 17 19 21 22 22 22 21 19 17 15 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 14 15 17 19 21 22 22 22 21 1*

17 1

Southern California Edison Company 44 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIllIIIllIIIIIllIll SE P Topic 111-2 at San Onof re Unit 1

Table 19B Windfield of the 10-7 year-1 tornado at 10.00m (32.81) above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA*

0 18 9 30 so 90 120 150 180 198 9 210 240 270 300 330 R*

0 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED 30 20 30 30 20 20 30 30 20 30 20 30 30 30 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 30 20 30 30 20 30 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 3c0 1*

3 DIREC 270 255 249 242 245 252 261 270 276 279 288 295 298 291 SPEED 16 to 20 26 33 39 43 44 44 43 39 33 26 20 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL is 18 20 26 33 39 43 44 44 43 39 33 26 20 R.

6 DIREC 270 203 203 214 227 241 256 270 279 284 299 313 326 337 SPEED 2

1o 15 29 41 51 57 so 58 57 s1 41 29 Is V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 2

10 15 29 41 51 57 se 58 57 51 41 29 15 R-9 DIREC 86 143 162 193 215 234 252 269 280 287 305 323 345 15 SPEED 12 16 21 37 S1 63 70 73 72 70 63 53 38 23 V VEL 50 50 50 so so 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 TOTAL 51 53 54 62 72 80 86 as 87 86 81 72 63 55 R=

12 DIREC 69 109 130 172 200 223 244 264 276 283 303 325 349 20 SPEED 28 27 30 44 60 73 83 87 87 86 80 69 55 39 V VEL 50 SO sO s0 50 50 s0 50 50 50 s0 50 50 50 TOTAL 57 57 SB 67 78 89 97 100 100 100 94 85 74 63 R= 15 OIREC 67 99 118 160 191 216 239 260 274 282 303 326 352 24 SPEED 43 42 44 56 72 86 97 102 103 IC2 96 85 70 5d V VEL 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 TOTAL 66 65 67 75 87 99 109 114 114 113 108 98 6

74 R= 20 DIREC 66 94 109 149 182 209 234 257 272 260 304 328 355 27 SPEED 69 67 69 78 94 109 121 127 128 127 122 110 95 80 V VEL 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 TOTAL 85 84 85 93 106 120 131 137 137 137 131 121 108 94 R-25 DIREC 67 91 06 144 176 205 231 256 271 280 304 330 358 30 SPEED 94 93 93 103 117 133 145 152 153 153 147 135 120 105 V VEL 50 50 50 50 50 50 s0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 TOTAL 107 105 06 114 128 142 154 160 161 161 155 144 130 116 R-30 DIREC 67 91 105 141 174 203 229 255 270 280 305 331 360 3'

SPEED 115 113 114 122 137 152 165 172 173 173 167 155 140 125 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 115 113 14 122 137 152 165 172 173 173 167 155 140 125 R*

35 DIREC 67 91 105 141 174 203 229 255 270 280 305 331 360 31 SPEED 99 97 98 105 117 130 141 147 148 148 143 133 120 107 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 99 97 98 105 117 130 141 147 148 148 143 133 120 07 R. 40 DIREC 67 91 105 141 174 203 229 255 270 280 305 331 360 31 SPEED 86 85 86 92 103 114 123 129 130 129 125 116 105 94 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 86 85 86 92 103 114 123 129 130 129 125 116 105 94 R-45 DIPEC 67 91 105 141 174 203 229 255 270 280 305 331 360 31 SPEED 77 76 76 82 91 101 110 115 115 115 ill 104 94 84 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 77 76 76 82 91 101 ItO 11 115 115 111 104 94 94 50 DIREC 67 91 05 141 174 203 229 255 270 280 305 331 360 31 SPEED 69 s

68 73 82 91 99 103 104 104 100 93 84 75 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 69 68 68 73 82 91 99 103 104 104 100 93 84 75 R. 60 DIREC 67 91 105 141 174 203 229 255 270 280 305 331 360 31 SPEED 58 57 57 61 68 76 82 86 87 86 83 78 70 63 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 58 57 57 61 s

76 82 86 87 86 83 78 70 63 R. 70 DIREC 67 91 105 141 174 203 229 255 270 280 305 331 360 31 SPEED 49 49 49 52 59 65 71 74 74 74 71 67 60 54 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 49 49 49 52 59 65 71 74 74 74 71 67 60 54 Southern California Edison Company 45 T

F Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIlllllIIIll SEP Topic 111-2 at San On ofre Unit 1

Table 20 A Windfield of the 10-5 year 1 tornado at 20.Om (65.5') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA*

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 230 R.

0.00 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED 1

1a 13 13 13 18 13 1t 1

13 10 13 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 1

13 1 s Is 1 to Is 18 18

18.

tS Is R*

3.00 DIREC 270 213 219 230 243 256 270 284 297 30 321 327 SPEED 3

9 Is 23 23 31 32 31 28 23 16 9

VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 3

9 16 23 23 31 32 31 28 23 16 9

R. 4.08 DIREC 90 132 204 221 238 254 270 286 302 319 336 358 SPEED 2

10 19 27 33 37 33 37 33 27 19 10 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 2

10 19 27 33 37 33 37 33 27 19 10 R.

4.09 DIREC 90 181 204 221 238 254 270 286 302 319 336 359 SrEED 2

10 19 27 33 37 33 37 33 27 19 10 V VEIL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 32 34 37 42 46 49 so 49 46 42 37 34 R-6.00 DIREC 90 152 186 211 232 251 270 289 308 329 354 28 SPEED 12 17 26 34 41 46 47 46 41 34 26 17 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 34 36 41 47 52 56 57 56 52 47 At 36 R-9.00 DIREC 30 137 173 202 226 248 270 292 314 338 7

43 SPEED 27 30 39 48 55 60 62 60 5S 48 39 30 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 42 d4 so 57 64 63 70 68 64 57 so 44 R-12.00 DIREC 90 131 167 197 223 247 270 293 317 343 13 49 SPEED 41 45 53 62 70 75 77 75 70 62 53 45 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 52 55 62 70 77 82 83 82 77 70 62 55 R-15.00 DIREC 0

129 163 193 220 246 270 294 320 347 17 Si SPEED 56 59 67 76 84 90 92 90 a4 76 67 59 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 65 67 74 82 90 95 97 95 90 32 74 67 R. 16.07 DIREC 90 128 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 1

52 SPEED 62 65 72 at 89 95 97 95 39 81 72 65 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 69 72 79 37 95 100 102 100 95 87 79 72 R. 16.09 DIREC 90 123 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 13 52 SPEED 62 65 72 31 89 95 97 95 39 S

72 65 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 62 65 72 81 89 95 97 95 89

@1 72 65 2* 20.00 DIREC 90 128 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 1o 52 SPEED 50 52 58 65 72 76 78 76 72 65 5

52 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 50 52 58 65 72 76 78 76 72 65 58 52 R. 30.00 DIREC 90 128 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 33 35 39 44 48 51 52 51 48 44 39 35 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 33 35 39 44 48 S1 S2 51 4

44 39 35 R* 40.00 DIREC 90 128 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 25 26 29 33 36 38 39 38 36 33 29 26 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 25 26 29 33 36 38 39 238 36 33 29 26 R. 50.00 DIREC 90 128 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 20 21 23 26 29 31 31 31 29 26 23 21 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 20 21 23 26 29 31 31 21 29 26 23 21 R.

70.00 DIREC 30 120 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 13 52 SPEED 14 15 17 19 21 22 22 22 21 19 IT Is V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 14 15 17 19 21 22 22 22 21 19 17 15 Southern California Edison Company 46

-Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to lIllilllIllIIIIIIIIIllIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onof re Unit 1

Table 20B Windfield of the 10-7 year-1 tornado at 20.0m (65.5') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA*

0 18.9 30 60 90 120 150 180 198 9 210 240 270 300 330 Q.

0 OTREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 R.

3 DIREC 270 255 249 243 245 252 261 270 276 273 28e 295 297 291 SPEED 18 19 21 28 36 42 46 47 47 46 42 36 28 21 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 18 t9 21 28 36 42 46 47 47 46 42 36 28 21 R.

6 VIREC 270 203 204 214 227 241 256 270 279 284 299 313 326 336 SPEED 3

11 16 31 44 54 60 62 62 60 SA 44 31 16 V VEL 0

0 0

C TOTAL 3

11 Is 31 44 54 so 62 62 60 54 44 31 16

9.

9 DIREC 90 146 164 194 216 235 253 270 281 287 305 324 346 16 SPEED 12 18 23 40 55 67 75 77 76 75 67 55 40 23 V VEL 59 59 59 99 59 59 9 59 59 59 5

9 59 59 TOTAL 60 61 63 71 81 89 95 97 96 95 89 81 71 63 R-12 DIREC 90 129 147 183 208 230 250 270 282 290 310 332 357 33 SPEED 27 31 36 52 68 81 89 92 91 89 81 69 52 36 V VEL 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 TOTAL 65 66 69 78 90 100 107 109 108 107 100 90 78 69 R. 15 DIREC 90 122 139 176 203 227 249 270 283 291 313 337 4

41 SPEED 42 45 49 65 81 95 104 107 106 104 95 81 65 49 V VEL 59 59 59

'59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 TOTAL 72 74 77 88 100 112 120 122 121 120 112 100 88 77 R-20 OIREC 90 118 133 169 198 224 247 270 284 293 316 342 11 47 SPEED 67 70 73 88 105 119 129 132 131 129 119 105 88 73 V VEL 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 TOTAL 89 91 94 106 120 133 142 145 143 142 133 120 106 94 0* 25 OIREC 90 115 130 165 195 221 246 270 285 294 319 345 15 50 SPEED 92 94 98 112 129 144 154 157 156 154 144 129 112 98 V VEL 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 TOTAL 109 111 114 126 41 155 164 168 166 164 155 141 126 114 R.

30 DIREC 90 114 128 162 192 220 245 270 286 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 113 115 118 132 148 163 173 176 175 173 163 148 132 118 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 113 115 118 132 148 163 173 176 175 173 163 148 132 1i8 R-35 DIREC 90 i14 128 162 192 220 245 270 286 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 97 99 102 113 127 140 149 152 150 149 140 127 113 102 V VEL 0

0 0

L 0

0 TOTAL 97 99 102 113 127 140 149 152 150 149 140 127 113 102 R-40 DIREC 90 114 128 162 192 220 245 270 286 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 85 86 89 99 1i1 122 130 133 132 130 122 111 99 69 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 85 86 89 99 111 122 130 133 132 130 122 111 99 89

9. 45 DIREC 90 114 128 62 192 220 245 270 286 295 320 348 is 52 SPEED 75 77 79 B8 99 109 116 118 117 116 109 99 a8 79 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 75 77 79 88 99 109 116 ie 117 116 109 99 88 79 V* 50 DIREC 90 114 128 162 192 220 245 270 286 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 68 69 71 79 89 B

104 1o6 105 104 98 89 79 71 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 68 69 71 79 89 B8 104 106 105S 10 98 89 79 71 R.

60 DIREC 90 114 128 162 192 220 245 270 286 295 370 348 s

52 SPEED 57 s8 59 66 74 82 87 as as 87 82 74 66 59 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 57 be 59 66 74 82 87 as 88 87 82 74 6t 59

9.

70 DIREC 90 114 128 162 192 220 245 270 286 295 320 348 18 52 SPEED 48 49 51 57 64 70 74 76 75 74 70 64 57 51 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 48 49 51 57 64 70 74 76 75 74 70 64 57 51 Southern California Edison Company 47 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IlllllllIllIllIIIIIillIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 21 A Windfield of the 10-5 year-1 tornado at 30.0m (98.4') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA*

0 30 60 30 120 150 480 210 240 270 300 330 P.

0.00 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED is 1s 1o 8

is is o

gs 1

1 1A la VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL Is to Is Is Is to Is to Is Is Is Is R-3.00 DIREC 270 215 213 230 243 256 270 284 237 210 321 325 SPEED 3

3 16 23 28 31 32 a

28 23 16 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 3

9 Is 23 28 31 32 31 28 23 16 9

R*

4.08 DIEC 90 183 204 222 238 254 270 286 302 318 336 357 SPEED 2

10 19 27 33 36 38 36 33 27 19 to VVEL 0

0 0

TOTAL 2

10 19 27 33 36 38 36 33 27 19 to R*

4.09 OIEC D0 183 204 222 238 254 270 286 302 318 336 357 SPEED 2

10 19 27 33 36 30 36 33 27 19 0

V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 32 33 37 42 46 48 49 48 46 42 37 33 R*

6.00 DIREC 90 152 167 211 232 251 270 289 308 329 353 28 SPEED 12 16 25 34 41 45 47 45 41 34 25 16 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 34 36 41 47 52 56 57 56 52 47 41 36 R*

9.00 DIREC 90 137 174 202 226 249 270 292 314 338 6

43 SPEED 26 30 36 47 55 60 62 60 55 47 38 30 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 41 44 50 57 64 68 69 68 63 57 50 44 R. 12.00 DIREC 30 132 167 197 223 247 270 293 317 343 13 48 SPEED 41 44 52 61 69 74 76 74 69 61 52 44 VVEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 3

32 32 32 32 TOTAL 52 54 61 69 76 8t 83 81 76 69 61 54 15.00 DIREC 90 129 163 194 221 246 270 294 319 346 17 51 SPEED 55 58 66 75 83 89 91 89 83 75 6

58 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 64 67 73 82 89 94 96 94 89 82 73 67 R-t6.07 DIREC 90 128 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 61 64 71 30 88 94 96 34 88 80 71 64 V VEL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 TOTAL 69 71 78 86 94 99 101 99 94 86 78 71 R-16.09 DIREC 3O 126 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 61 64 71 so a8 94 96 94 88 Bo 71 64 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 61 64 71 80 88 94 96 94 B8 so 71 64 R* 20.00 DIREC 90 125 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 16 52 SPEED 49 51 57 65 71 76 77 76 71 65 57 51 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 49 51 57 65 71 76 77 76 71 65 57 51 R* 30.00 DIREC 50 128 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 32 34 38 43 47 50 51 50 47 43 38 34 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 32 34 38 43 47 so 51 50 47 43 30 34 R

40.00 DIREC 90 128 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 24 26 29 32 36 38 39 38 36 32 29 26 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 24 26 29 32 36 38 39 38 36 32 29 26 R. 90.00 DIREC 90 128 162 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 is 52 SPEED 19 20 23 26 28 30 31 30 26 26 23 20 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 19 20 23 26 28 30 31 30 28 26 23 20 R-70.00 DIREC 90 128 t62 193 220 245 270 295 320 347 In 52 SPEED 14 15 16 II 20 22 22 22 20 18 is 15 VVEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 14 15 16 18 20 22 22 22 20 to 16 15 Southern California Edison Company 48 I Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIInSl EP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Table 21 B Windfield of the 10-7 year-1 tornado at 30.Om (98.4') above surface at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

THETA-0 18.9 30 60 0

120 150 180 198.9 210 240 270 300 330

0.

0 DIREC 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 SPEED 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 R*

3 DIREC 270 255 249 243 245 252 261 270 276 279 288 295 297 291 SPEED 18 19 21 28 36 42 46 47 47 46 42 26 28 21 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 18 19 21 28 36 42 46 47 47 4

42 36 28 21 Q*

6 DIREC 270 204 204 214 226 241 256 270 279 284 299 312 326 33E SPEED 3

11 Is 31 44 54 60 62 61 so 54 44 31 16 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 3

11 16 21 44 SA 60 62 61 so 54 44 31 16 R.

9 DIREC 90 146 165 195 216 235 253 270 281 287 305 324 345 15 SPEED 12 17 23 40 55 67 74 77 76 74 67 55 40 23 V VEL 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 TOTAL 60 61 63 71 8S 89 95 97 96 95 89 81 71 63 R*

12 DIREC 90 129 147 183 209 230 251 270 282 289 310 331 357 33 SPEED 27 31 35 52 68 81 89 92 91 89 81 68 52 35 V VEL 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 TOTAL 65 66 GB 78 90 100 107 109 106 107 100 90 78 6s R-15 DIREC 90 122 139 176 204 227 249 270 283 291 313 336 4

41 SPEED 42 45 49 64 81 95 104 107 105 104 95 81 64 49 V VEL 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 TOTAL 72 74 76 87 100 111 119 122 121 119 iII 100 67 76 R-20 DIREC 90 118 133 169 198 224 247 270 284 293 316 342 11 47 SPEED 67 69 73 87 104 119 128 131 130 128 119 104 87 73 V VEL 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 TOTAL 89 91 93 105 120 132 141 144 143 141 132 120 105 92 R-25 DIREC 90 116 130 165 195 221 246 270 285 294 319 345 15 5C SPEED 91 94 97 li1 120 143 153 156 155 153 143 128 i1 97 V VEL 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 TOTAL 109 110 113 126 1i 154 164 167 166 164 154 141 126 113 R-30 DIREC 90 114 128 162 193 220 245 270 286 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 112 114 117 131 147 162 172 175 174 172 162 147 131 117 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 112 114 117 131 147 162 172 176 174 172 162 147 131 117 R-35 DIREC 90 1i 128 162 193 220 245 270 286 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 96 98 100 112 126 139 147 150 149 147 139 126 112 to0 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 96 98 100 112 126 139 147 150 149 147 139 126 112 100 0- 40 DIREC 90 114 128 162 193 220 245 270 286 295 320 347 iB 52 SPEED 84 85 so 98 110 121 129 132 131 129 121 110 9F 8p V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 84 85 s8 98 110 121 129 132 131 129 121 110 9P 8

R*

45 DIREC 90 114 128 162 193 220 245 270 286 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 74 76 78 87 98 108 115 117 116 115 108 98 87 78 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 74 76 78 87 98 108 115 117 is 115 108 9F 87 78 R-50 DIREC 90 114 128 162 193 220 245 270 286 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 67 68 70 78 8

97 103 105 104 103 97 88 78 70 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 67 s

70 78 as 97 103 105 104 103 97 88 78 70

. 60 DIREC 90 ltA 128 162 193 220 245 270 286 295 320 347 18 52 SPEED 56 57 59 65 74 81 86 88 87 86 81 74 65 59 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 56 87 59 a5 74

1 86 a8 87 36 81 74 6e 59 R-70 DIREC 0

114 128 1S2 193 220 245 270 286 295 320 347 I8 52 SPEED 48 49 50 56 63 69 74 75 75 74 69 63 56 50 V VEL 0

0 0

0 TOTAL 48 49 so 56 63 69 74 75 75 74 69 63 56 50 Southern California Edison Company 49 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to llllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Negative Pressure and Rate of Pressure Drop The negative pressure at the center of the San Onofre Unit 1 tornado, based on the DBT 77 model, is computed from AP=

pV2 m where AP is the negative pressure (total pressure drop),

p = 1.266 x 10-3 g/cm 3, the density of air at sea level; and V (the maximum tangential velocity) = 80.4 mph and

-5

-7m 147.5 mph for the 10 and 10 storms, respectively.

Using these values, negative pressures were calculated as follows:

AP =

0.23 psi for 10-5 per year tornado

=

0.77 psi for 10-per year tornado The maximum rate of pressure drop during the approach phase of a tornado is expressed by:

dP 2

_ 1 dt max m m o where:

pV2

=

P which has been computed, Tm

=

CV mm R

=

JVm For the 10-5 and 10-7 per year tornados, these values are as follows:

T R

Probability m

o 10-5 17.69 mph 16.08m 10-7 32.45 mph 29.50 m Putting these values into the equation, we obtain dP 5

(

x

=

0.11 psi/sec for 10-per year tornado

=0.38 psi/sec for 10-per year tornado Southern California Edison Company 50 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIllIIIIIlIllIIlllIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

E.

Analysis Conclusions The foregoing analysis shows that the controlling tornado for the San Onofre Unite 1 site is a waterspout originated tornado.

Consequently, the Western Region tornado of Regulatory Guide 1.76 should not be applied to this site. Instead, the wind effects of the small-core waterspout tornado should be used in computing structural affects and missile characteristics at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

Significant tornado properties for use in structural design are as follows:

Translational Radius of Rate of Maximum Rotational Speed Maximum Pressure Pressure Probability Windspeed1 Speed (mph)

Rotational Drop Drop (No./Yr)

(mph)

Max Min Speed (feet)

(psi)

(psi/sec) 10-5 103 80.2 17.7 8.5 52.7 0.23 0.11 10-7 183 147.4 32.4 14.1 97 0.77 0.38 1 Maximum windspeed is the vector sum of the horizontal (rotational +

translational) and vertical windspeed components; i.e., [(R + T)2 +21/2 Southern California Edison Company 51

-Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

V.

PHYSIOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES Directions of tornadoes in Table 1 were used to develop the windrose of both coastal tornadoes and waterspout tornadoes presented in Figure 10.

It is seen that the move ments of coastal tornadoes and waterspout-tornadoes are very similar, with their peak directional frequency toward the northeast. It can, therefore, be expected that the San Onofre Unit 1 site is likely to experience a waterspout landing in a direction more or less perpendicular to the coast line.

The windrose of waterspout tornadoes in Figure 10 and site topography shown in Figure 11 indicate that there is little or no chance that a tornado moving from inland towards the ocean (east to west) will hit the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

A close-up map of San Onofre Unit 1 in Figure 12 includes the direction of waterspout tornadoes with the core radius, R0 = 30m.

As shown in Figure 8B, intense winds will be confined to within 100m of the tornado center.

San Onofre Unit 1, for which this study was conducted, will be protected to a certain extent, but not entirely, by the "reservoir hilln rising 102 ft. above sea level.

This hill will block the airflow on the left side of a tornado, resulting in a reduction in intensity and a possible breakup of the storm.

Various structures around San Onofre Unit 1 will also mitigate the tornado by the same blocking or disturbance of airflow patterns.

Although no credit is taken for them in this analysis, these physiographic features will tend to reduce the tornado windspeed and therefore provide additional conservatism to the evaluation of tornado hazards at the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

Southern California Edison Company 52 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Direction of Southern California Tornadoes Coastal Tornadoes Waterspout -Tornadoes NW NE SW SE Fig. 10 Direction of Southern California Tornadoes Southern California Edison Company 53 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

II r35' 34 33 23 0 5 S

2 S E n

~

11735 34 33 32 31 Fig.11i Local Topography Around San Onofre Unit 1

__________Southern California Edison Company 54

-Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to SEP Topic III-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

90 aoo 0

-8 7o.,

ooO o

SAND o

0M N

Paciic Oean ore o.so "Ito 0

II II 20WateraterstutTTornad a 200 400 soo esco 000 tee?

Ro = 3m 0 miuil1~

0 a

20 300 6

0 0

Fig. 12 Physiographic Environment of San Onotre Unit 1

__________Southern California Edison Company Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IllinIIIIII SEPTopic l1-2 atSanOnofreUnit 1

VI.

REVIEW OF DR. MCDONALD'S REPORT In spite of the fact that Dr. McDonald's report [1] is based on a different database, assumptions, and methodology, its findings are quite similar to those obtained in this report.

The following is a comparison of the windspeeds in miles per hour obtained by Dr. Fujita and Dr. McDonald as functions of hazard probability per year.

Probablities 10-1 10-2 10- 3 10-4 10-5 10- 6 10-7

Fujita, 41S 51S 61S 70S 103T 143T 183T Upper limit 44S 55S 66S 77S 113T 200T 272T M cDonald, Expected 41S 49S 57S 66S 74S 105T 172T Lower limit 38S 44S 49S 55S 60S 66S 98T S... Straight-line winds T... Tornadoes The above comparison shows that the speeds of straight-line winds (McDonald "Expected" vs. Fujita) are practically identical, indicating that the reduction of V H to V 10 and extrapolations by semi-log linear (Dr. Fujita) and Type 1 (Dr. McDonald) are acceptable.

Dr. Fujita and Dr. McDonald used quite different tornado databases and probability computations, but when Dr. McDonald's data was compared with Dr. Fujita's, their results turned out to be quite similar. Selected items which need to be compared and examined are discussed below.

The computation of tornado probabilities by Dr. McDonald is based on a combination of "Area-intensityn (A-1) and uOccurrence-intensity" (0-1) functions. According to his text, the A-1 function was obtained from the 8-year (1971-1978) data inside the global region.

This data only consisted of three data points (13 FO, 7 Fl and only one F2 tornado) and it is not sufficient to justify his determination of the following relationship:

log A = 2.401 log V - 5.927 The use of four significant numbers in the above equation cannot be justified by the size of the data sample.

An attempt was made to obtain a corresponding A-1 function based on Dr. Fujita's 68-year (1916-1983) tornado database inside the coastal region (Figure 1). The three data points in Dr. Fujita's study (Figure 13, Table 10) line up almost perfectly, while Dr.

McDonald's do not.

The reasons for this are Dr. McDonald's use of only eight years of data which is not a sufficiently large enough sample, and the use of raw DAPPL data Southern California Edison Company 56 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IlllIIIlIIIII IIIIII IIIIIII SEP TopicI 11-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

which is not accurate enough for evaluating California (low activity) tornadoes for a site specific purpose.

It should be noted that Dr. Fujita re-examined and re-assessed all tornadoes used in his database.

Dr. McDonald's 0-I function is based on the 29-year (1950-1978) database inside his local region, which is west of 116'W and south of 350 N. The confidence level of his regression equation appears to be very low. This necessitated the addition of wide confidence bands to his 0-1 function expected value.

log A I ftorndo

-0 14 McDonald 13 tornedoes

-25 tornadoe

-2 Fujito 23 tornadoes V in mph, A in sq miles 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 og V Fig. 13 Area-intensity Function Dr. Fujita's 0-I function based on the 68-year (1916-1983) database in the coastal region (Figure 14) is a nonlinear function which results in less than one F3 tornado. The one F3 tornado in the DAPPL tape used by Dr. McDonald occurred on June 25, 1954, in the desert east of the watershed divide. This tornado is not included in the coastal tornadoes database used by Dr. Fujita and should not be applied in an evaluation of the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

In addition the intensity of this storm was reassessed by Dr. Fujita as an F2 stor m.

The low level of Dr. McDonald's 0-1 function was a result of the inclusion of the F3 desert tornado, which has little to do with any po-ssible tornadoes at San Onofre Unit 1.

This inclusion necessitated an artificial increase of the number F2 tornadoes from two to five (Figure 14) in order to achieve curve fit. A comparison of the McDonald and Fujita data used for determining area-intensity and occurrence-intensity relationship is presented in the following table:

Southern California Edison Company 57 r

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IlIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Database, etc.

Fuilta McDonald For area-intensity relationship Data period 1916 - 1983 1971 - 1978 Data area Coastal region Global region Data source Fujita research file DAPPL Tape Reported tornadoes Rating Quantity Rating Quantity FO 23 FO 13 F1 25 F1 7

F2 14 F2 1

Mean tornado area FO 0.0035 mi FO 0.0208 mi F1 0.0331 mi FI 0.0390 mi F2 0.2069 mi F2 1.0000 mi A - I Function LogA -4.6 logV - 10.5 LogA - 2.4 logV - 5.9 Confidence level Very High Very low For occurrence-intensity relationship Data period 1916 - 1983 1950 - 1978 Data area Coastal region Local regioin Data source Fujita research file DAPPL tape Reported tornadoes Cummulative Cummulative Rating Qty Total Rating Qty Total FO 23 (62)

FO 12 (35)

F1 25 (39)

F1 20 (23)

F2 14 (14)

F2 2

(3)

F3 0

(0)

F3 1

(1)

Confidence level Very high Very low Probablity Computation DAPPL method A - I, 0 - I functions Applicability Within 1 mile of coast Local region Southern California Edison Company 58 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

OCCURRENCE-INTENSITY FUNCTION log N 2

62 tornedoes 339 tornadoes 3SounodernClfrisdsnCmay5 23 14 torndoes IIlI ii lFuji 0

Mc Donald

+-

3 Tornedoesi I tornado

-0O SO 100 150 mph V

Fig. 14 Occurrence-intensity Function a Southern California Edison Company 59

'JLFlTornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IlllIIIIISEP Topic III-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

Hypothetical unrecorded tornadoes in the years prior to 1974 were added by Dr. Fujita who used the 1916-1983 data. Dr. McDonald, using limited years between 1971-1978 and 1950-1978, did not apply any year corrections.

The need for year corrections was previously shown in Figure 4.

The population correction for hypothetical tornadoes estimated by Dr. McDonald, is perhaps as high as 25%.

Dr. Fujita, on the other hand, added 80% hypothetical tornadoes inside the one mile wide band along the Pacific coast.

Dr.

Fujita's hypothetical tornadoes are more conservative in number than those of Dr. McDonald, thus increasing the predicted tornado windspeeds.

Representative tornado windspeeds computed as a function of probability are dependent upon the statistical area from which A-1 and 0-1 functions (McDonald method) and DAPPL values (Fujita method) were derived.

In order to summarize the differences in the two methods, they are presented in tabular form below.

McDonald Method Area-intensity function From global area Occurrence-intensity function From local region including desert Site-specific location Applicable anywhere in local region Tornadoes at San Onofre Unit 1 All types of tornadoes 10-5 per year windspeeds 60 mph straight wind to 113 mph tornado 10- 7 per year windspeeds 98 mph to 272 mph tornado Fujita Method Initial D APPL values From superoutbreak tornadoes Adjusted DAPPL values Adjusted to coastal tornadoes Site-specific location Applicable within 1 mile of coast Tornadoes at San Onofre Unit 1 Waterspout-tornadoes only 106 per year windspeed 103 mph tornado 10-7 per year windspeed 183 mph tornado From the above data, it is evident that the tornado windspeeds calculated by Dr. Fujita and presented in this report are based on the best available data and computational m ethods.

While the results generally agree with the previous McDonald study (expected values) the need for wide confidence bands has been eli minated.

The McDonald study utilized a limited database and shows inconsistencies with reported fact. The data used is not accurate enough for a site-specific determination of tornado hazards.

In conclusion, this report provides a

m ore accurate site-specific analysis and results in the determination of appropriate straight wind and tornado wind speeds for the San Onofre Unit 1 site.

Southern California Edison Company 60 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to andpresented nSEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

REFERENCES

... Southern California Edison Company 61 Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIII SEP Topic 111-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

References

1.

"Tornado and Straight Wind Hazard Probability for San Onofre Nuclear Power Reactor Site, California (San Onofre Unit 1),* J.R. McDonald, May 1980.

2.

Satellite Meteorological Research Project (SM RP) File, The University of Chicago.

3.

"Windstorms in California," State of California, The Resources Agency, Department of Water Resources, Division of Planning, December 1979.

4.

"Design Basis Tornado for Nuclear Power Plants," Regulatory Guide 1.76, U.S.

Atomic Energy Commission, April 1974.

5.

"Superoutbreak Tornadoes of April 3-4, 1974,"

Final Edition, Abbey and Fujita, University of Chicago, 1975.

6.

"Workbook of Tornadoes and High Winds for Engineering Applications," T.

Theodore Fujita, Professor of Meteorology, The University of Chicago, September 1978.

7.

NRC Contract AT(49-24)-0239, Concept of Design Basis Tornado, 1976.

8.

ANL Contract No. 31-109-38-3731, Tornado Model DBT-77, 1977.

Southern California Edison Company 62

=-

Tornado Hazard Analysis Relating to IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllII SEP Topic III-2 at San Onofre Unit 1

ML13333B125

Text

SUMMARY

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