ML102930642
| ML102930642 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Crystal River  |
| Issue date: | 11/13/2009 |
| From: | George Thomas Office of New Reactors |
| To: | Naus D Oak Ridge |
| References | |
| FOIA/PA-2010-0116 | |
| Download: ML102930642 (13) | |
Text
Sengupta, Abhijit From: Thomas, George Sent: Friday, November 13, 2009 2:06 PM To: nausdj@ornl.gov Cc: Farzam, Farhad; Lake, Louis; Carrion, Robert
Subject:
CTL Petrographic Report on one core Attachments: CTL Petrographic Report 11-2-09.pdf -
- Dan, Attached for review is the petrographic exam report by CTL on one core with delam. I will also forward next another report from MacTec that includes the same sample as well as two more.
Thanks.
George 1
P1~2-2
Copy No. 1 Report for Progress, Energy CTLGroup Project-No. 059169 Petrographic: Examinationof Concrete Half Core from Delaminated Containment Wall, Crystal River, Florida November 2, 2009 Submitted by:,
Derek BroWn COA #47311 5400 Old Orchard Road Skokie, Illinois 60077-1030 (847):965-7500 9030 Red Branch Road, Suite 110 Columbia, Maryland 21045 www.CtrLGrloup.com, p
R e s ui It s CTLGraup ir, a -egistered djo/a of Caný,tructiwi ýechnaýaqy Laboriýriri-ýý Inc.
Bu~ng Kfto4edg. Oew&er'n Results WW~c Lru ..c r REPORT OF PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION Date: November2,. 2009.
CTLGroup. Project No.: 059169 Petrographic Examination of Concrete Half Core from Delaminated Containment Wall, Crystal River, Florida One saw cut half concrete core labeled Core #5 (Figs., I and 2) was received on October 27, 2009 from Mr. Jerzy Zemajtis, Project Manager, CTLGroup on behalf of Mr. PaulFagan of Progress, Energy, Crystal River, Florida. According to Mr. Zemajtis, the core represents:the outer portion of concrete from a containment Wall and the core is fractured at its inner surface:at a delamination that was found to be present when access was gained to the wall interior. The delamination is approximately at a depth of200 mm:(8.0 in.) where horizontal posttensioning ducts are present; Petrographic examination (ASTM C856-04)of the core wa's requested in order to determine, if possible, ifthe delamination is a recent feature, or alternatively'if it occurred at some earlier time;.
in the age ofrthe structure.
FINDINGSAND CONCLUSIONS.
The following findings result from the petrographic examination..
Based on the general appearance, andboth the physical and microstructural properties, the fracture at the point of delamination is most likely a fairly recent event. However, it is not possible to be completely:definitive about the time frame since an older fracture, if subsequently well protected from air and moisture ingress, may also have similar characteristics.,
The fracture surface passes through, not around the aggregates particles, is moderately hard, and does not exhibit loose surface debris. There isan absence of significantmicrocracking in the general vicinity of the, fracture, and only limited evidence of surface deposits (slight efflorescence).
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Progress Energy .Page2ofl10 Crystal River November 2, 2009 CTLGroup Project No. 059169 Carbonation to any significant depth from the fracture surface into the outer concrete is:not observed. (Fig. 3). Incipient carbonation is exhibited in.thin section at the immediate fracture surface (Figd. 6a). However,, anr older'delamination surface that was not exposed to air due to the depth of outer concrete, and other possible wall coverings, may also have such an absence of, carbonation.
The cement hydration adjacent to the fracture is Well advanced and comparable to that of the body of the core.(Figs. 6b and 6c). This suggests that there was no moisture ingress to the fracture surface, over a period of time. long enough, to change the general degree of hydration.
This iszsupported byan absence of secondary deposits within air voids adjacent to the fracture.
surface.
Additional Comments The concrete represented by Core #5 is well consolidated and free of any cracks or excessive microcracks (Fig. 4). The concrete-consists of crushed carbonate rock coarse aggregate and natural sand fine aggregate, well distributed in a portland cement paste. No evidence is exhibited of any deleterious chemical reactions involving thecement paste and I or aggregates:.
The concrete. culd be considered marginally air entrained: based on an approximate volume of I to 2% of small,. spherical entrained air voids in the hardened.cement'paste (Fig.. 5)ý.
Based on the physical properties and microstructure of the.hydrated cement, paste, and the tight.
aggregate to paste bond, lack of major cracks and microcracks, and absence of a materials-related distress mechanism, the concrete is considered.to.be in good condition.
Further details of the petrographic examination are given in the following imageand data sheets.
METHODS OF TEST Petrographic examination of the provided sample was performed in accordance with ASTM C 856-04, "Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete." The core was visually inspected and photographed as received. The core half was ground (lapped) on the saw cut surface to produce a smooth, flat, semi-polished surface. Lapped and freshly broken surfaces of the concrete were examined using a stereomicroscope at magnifications: up to 45X.
Progress.Energy Page 3 of 10 Crystal River November2,:2009 CTLGroup Project No. 059169, For thin-section study, small rectangular blocks were cut from the core inner surface fracture region and: within the body of the, core. Onerside of each blockwas lapped to produce a smooth, flat surface. Thieblocks were cleaned and dried, and.the prepared surfaces mounted-on separate groundglass microscope slides with epoxy resin. After the epoxy hardened, the thickness of the mounted blocks was reduced to approximately 20 Am (0.0008 in.). The resulting thin sections were examined using a polarized-light (petrographic) microscopeat magnifications up to 400X to study aggregate and paste mineralogy and microstructure.
Estimated water-cement ratio (w/c),. when reported, is based on observed concrete and paste, prcz.c ;-ties including, but not limited-to: 1) relative amounts. of residual (unhydrated and partially hyT. ted) portland cement clinker particles, 2) amount and size of calcium hydroxide crystals,
- 3) past. hardness, color, and luster, 4) paste-aggregate bond, and 5) relative absorbency of
- .atedby the readiness ofa freshly fractured surface'to absorb applied water droplets. These techniques have been widely used by industry professionals to estimate w/c.
Depth and pattern of paste carbonation was initially determined, by application of a pH indicator:
solution (phenolphthalein) to freshly cut and original fractured concrete surfaces. The solution imparts a deep. magenta stainto, high pH, non-carbonated ated paste does not change color. The extent"of paste carbonation was confirmed in thin-section..
Derek Brown Senior Microscopist Microscopy Group DB/DB Notes: 1. Results refer specifically to the sample submitted.
- 2. This report may not be reproduced except in its: entirety.
- 3. The sample will be retained for 30 daysi after which it will be discarded unless we hear otherwise from you,
Progress Energy Page 4 of 10 Crystal River November 2, 2009 CTLGroup Project No. 059169 Ia. Curved surface. Outer end is to the left.
lb. Saw cut surface. Outer end is to the left Fig. I Side views of Core #5, as received for examination.
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Progress Energy Page 5 of 10 Crystal River November 2, 2009 CTLGroup Project No. 059169 2a. Inner end.
2b. Outer end.
Fig. 2 End views of Core #5, as received for examination.
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Progress Energy Page 6 of 10 Crystal River November 2, 2009 CTLGroup Project No. 059169 3a. Saw cut side. Outer surface is to the left.
3b. Fractured Inner end.
Fig. 3 Views of the portions of Core #5 treated with phenolthalein, a pH indicator. All the pink regions exhibited denote the limits of where the indicator was applied. No colorless, low pH (carbonated) regions were observed at the fractured end regions.
Progress Energy Page 7 of 10 Crystal River November 2, 2009 CTLGroup Project No. 059169 Fig. 4 View of the lapped surface of a portion of Core #5 showing the general appearance of the concrete.
Fig. 5 View of the concrete hardened air-void system of Core #6 illustrating the moderate quantity of both coarse and fine air voids.
Scale is millimeter Increments.
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Progress Energy Page 8 of 10 Crystal River November 2, 2009 CTLGroup Project No. 059169 6a. Crossed-polarized light view of the paste adjacent to the inner fractured surface. Only incipient carbonation is indicated by the speckled high birefringence colors in the paste. Carbonate fines are arrowed yellow. Width of view is approximately 0.5 mm.
6b. Plane-polarized light view of the paste adjacent to the inner fractured surface (same field of view as 6a.).
A low to moderate number of unhydrated and partially hydrated cement particles (arrowed red) are exhibited by the paste. The amount is comparable to that In the body of the core in Fig.
6c. below. Width of view is approximately 0.5 mm.
6c. Plane-polarized light view of the paste In the body of the core. A low to moderate number of unhydrated and partially hydrated cement particles (arrowed red) are exhibited by the paste. The amount is comparable to that near the fracture surface in Fig.
6b. above Width of view is approximately 0.5 mm.
Fig. 6 Transmitted light photomicrographs of the thin sections of Core #5 illustrating significant features.
Progress Energy Page 9 of 10 Crystal River November 2, 2009 CTLGroup Project No. 059169 PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF HARDENED CONCRETE, ASTM C 856 STRUCTURE: Containment wall DATE RECEIVED: October 27, 2009 LOCATION: Crystal River EXAMINED BY: Derek Brown SAMPLE Client Identification: Core #5.
CTLGroup Identification: 2452601.
Dimensions: Core diameter = 95 mm (3.75 in.). Core length = approximately 197 mm (7.75 in.); partial wall thickness.
Top End: Even, slightly rough formed surface.
Bottom End: Uneven and rough, fractured core end.
Cracks, Joints, Large Voids: Text.
Reinforcement: None observed in the core supplied.
AGGREGATES Coarse: Crushed rock composed of carbonate rock type.
Fine: Natural quartz sand.
Gradation & Top Size: Visually appears evenly graded to an observed top size of 18 mm (0.75 in.).
Shape, Texture, Distribution: Coarse- Sub rounded to angular, slightly irregular to rough, evenly distributed. Fine- Rounded to sub angular, slightly smooth to somewhat rough, evenly distributed PASTE Color: Medium gray, uniform coloration throughout the length of the core.
Hardness: Moderately hard at the outer surface and in the body of the core. At the fracture surface the paste is also moderately hard.
Luster: Subvitreous.
Paste-Aggregate Bond: Tight. Freshly fractured surfaces pass through aggregate particles.
Air Content: Estimated 2 to 4% total. Approximately I to 2% of the total air is larger entrapped air voids of up to 3 mm (0.12 in.) in size, plus a few large voids of 4 to 10 mm (0.16
Progress Energy Page 10 of 10 CrystalRiver November 2, 2009 CTLGroup Project No. 059169:
to 0.4 in.). Somewhat uneven distribution of voids. Marginally air entrained based on thevery low volume of moderate to small sized spherical air voids in the hardened,cement paste.
Depth of Carbonation: 4 to 5 mm (0.16 to 0.20 in.) as measured from the outer surface..
Negligible when measured ,from the inner fractured core surface.,
Calcium Hydroxide*: Estimated 6 to 12% of small.to medium. sized crystals evenly.
distributed throughout the paste, and around aggregate to paste interfaces. Estimation of the volume is difficult due to the presence of calcite fines in the cement paste.
Residual Portland Cement;Clinker Particles*: Estimated 4 to 8%. Some large cement.
particles, particularly belite clusters, of up to 0.15 mm in size suggest a portland cement as, produced more than: 30 years ago.
Supplementary Cementitious Materials*: None observed by the core supplied.
Secondary Deposits: None observed either inthe body of theý core and or near the fracture.:.
surface.
MICROCRACKING: A small number of medium length (51to'10 mm), randomly orientated microcracks are evenly distributed throughout the bodyof the, core. At the fractured end of the core there was no observed increase in microcracking relative to the body of the core.
ESTIMATED WATER-CEMENT RATIO: Moderate to moderately high (0.50 to 0.60) but estimation may be biased upwards due to the well advanced degree of hydration apparentrold age of the concrete.
MISCELLANEOUS:
- 1. Water:droplets ,applied to freshly fractured:surfaces were somewhat slowly absorbed byý the hardened cement paste.,
- 2. Some small areas of the, inner fractured surface of the core, as rreceived, exhibit a thin white haze of, effiorescence-like substance; suggesting leaching of lime in solution from within the core, or alternatively, moisture on or flowing past. the fractured 'surface at the:
delamination position within the wall'.
- 3. A moderate volume of fine calcite particles is present within the hardened cement paste, most likely from coarse aggregate crusher fines.
percent by volume of paste!
ATTACHMENT 15 ILRT RESULTS
SUMMARY
(Page 2 of 8) 1.3 CALCULATE NET FREE VOLUME CHANGE IMPACT IN %WTIDAY:
LV = (dV
- Pt
- C
- 100) / (R T* W)
Where: LV is the volume change in %wt/day dV is the net volume change in ft3 1day from Step 1.2 above Pt is the average containment pressure during the ILRT in psia C is the conversion factor, 144 in2 / ft2 R is the gas constant for air = 53.35 ft Ibf / Ibm oR T is the average containment temperature in oR W is the average weight of the containment air in Ibm (use intercept of least squares fit line)
LV = Q * *'7, *
- 144" 100) 1(53.35 - 6-33 ,%71.)
Step B Pt T W
-"-LV = OiKI.- %wtlday )
SP-178 Rev. 29 Page 191 of 206