ML102910568
| ML102910568 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Crystal River  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/2009 |
| From: | Williams C Progress Energy Co |
| To: | Robert Carrion, Lake L, George Thomas Office of New Reactors, NRC/RGN-II |
| References | |
| FOIA/PA-2010-0116 | |
| Download: ML102910568 (17) | |
Text
Sepgupta, Abhijit From: Williams, Charles R. [Charles.Williams@pgnmail.com]
Sent: Thursday, December 31, 2009 2:52 PM To: Lake, Louis; Thomas, George; Carrion, Robert
Subject:
FW: Fm 5.2 Draft for Review Attachments: FM 5.2 Exhibit 2 - Mactec PetrographicReport-Final NO PHOTOS.pdf
ý Cý60 Resending Exhibit 2 separately due to file size.
From: Williams, Charles R.
Sent: Thursday, December 31, 2009 2:41 PM To: 'louis.lake@nrc.gov'; 'George.Thomas2@nrc.gov'; 'nausdj@ornl.gov'; 'rpcl@nrc.gov'
Subject:
Fm 5.2 Draft for Review Mr Lake and others, Attached for you review is the draft of FM 5.2 and its exhibits. If you have any comments or questions, please contact me or Craig Miller.
Thank you, Charles Williams 919-516-7417
FM 5.2 Exhibit 2 sMACE engineering and constructing a better tomorrow November II 2009 Mr. Craig Miller Progress Energy (352) 795-6486 ex 1026 Craigriller@pgnmail.com sutlhiccl: Report of Petrographic Observations Crystal River Containment Wall Steam Generator Replacement Project Crystal River Nuclear Generating Facility, Florida MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-2535 Dear Mr.
MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. (MACTEC) is pleased to present this report of our.
petrographic observations performed on two concrete cores that were shipped to our laboratory under chain of custody. An additional core was received under chain of custody for limited observations. It is our understanding the two cores submitted for petrographic observations are Irom an area of the containment wall where a fracture was discovered running parallel to the surface at a depth of approximately 8 to 9 inches. We understand the core that was submitted for limited observations was from an area where the subject fracture had not occurred.
The cores submitted are as follows:
Core Number Laboratory Number Description or the Core Assigned by M Ac'rE(C . . . . . . -.-.. . . ................. ... .....
. ...... .......... 21269 j................. From an area where the fracture had occurred 2 2120 Fron anarea where the fracture had not occurred
.. ,7 21271 F t an area where the fracture had occurred Each core was photo documiented as received and then saw cut longitudinally into halves. Each half was labeled with, the same sample number and than A and B were added to designate the halves, As requested the B half for cores 21269 and 21270 were shipped to CTL Group in Skokie Illinois. The B half of core 21271 is being held for possible future use. The A half's of the cores were used for our analysis.
The purpose of our work was to perform a petrographic analysis of samples 21269A and 2127 1A and limited observations of sample 21270A. It is our understanding that you also require specific information MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. . ..
9177 Sky Park Court, San Diego, CA 92123
- Phone: 858-278-3600
- Fax: 858-278-5300 wriraeeccom ....
- I
Cn-slal River Concrete C(ure Observations Novumber 1/, 2009 Report ul" Petrograph/ic Observuations MA C7EC
".7'ject No. 0468-09-2535
-',stuI River Nuclear (GoirvatinugIu/ility, Florida relative to the age of the fractured surfaces on samples 21 269A and 2127 1A. Sample 21270A was used as a control sample that did not have a fractured surfacC.
Pet rogaphicObservation s A Petrographic Analysis is a visual and microscopic analysis of cementitous materials performed by a qualified petrographer. Petrographic examinations are typically performed on polished sections or thin sections. Polished sections are generally cut sections that have been lapped (ground flat and smooth) and polished and are observed using reflected polarized light microscopes at magnifications of up to SOX.
Thin sections are samples mounted to glass slides and ground to specific thicknesses (generally 20, 30, or 40 microns depending on the application) and observed using transmitted polarized light microscopes at magnifications of Lip to 600X.
A petrographic evaluation may be performed to identify and describe a specific item of interest such as the presence or extent of distress in concrete, or to provide a general characterization and measure of quality of the materials being evaluated. The petrographic evaluation of concrete examines the constituents of the concrete including coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, embedded items, hardened paste, and air void structure. The examination identifies cracking present in the concrete., indications of corrosion, extent 'of dainage from external sources, aggregate reaction, chemical atlack, sulfate attack, freeze thaw cracking, acid attack, and other mechanisms of deterioration. The petrographic examination can also estimate the water to cement ratio, look for indications of mineral additives and Unhydrated cement particles in the paste, look o)r indications of bleed water and excess porosity in the concrete, look for indications ol( curing procedures used and methods of*finishing, observe micro cracking present and other conditions within the concrete which might give information on the overall quality or the quality of any particular constituent material. Aggregate mineralogy, rock types, and mineral crystal structure can he identified when thin sections are viewed under a transmitted polarized light microscope.
TEST RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS PETROGRAPHIC OBtSERVATIONS The petrographic analysis was performed in general accordance with the applicable sections of ASTM C 856-)4 Standard Practice for Petrographic lxa iination Of Hardened Concrete. The resuIlts of oMr petrographic analysis are on tihe attached sheets, Sunmmary of Petrographic Observations of tardened CIoncrete. Photographs from our examination are attached. A summary of our observations and discussion are as follows.
2
(irysRf Aiver Concrete Core ()bseroliouuns ?(\)v r /1, 2009 Wlpmt of Petiog grphic Observofions AlA (:1/IX l',owtf No. 4650V-25 5 Crysval River Nuclear G(eneroting F:cilit, Florida A ,girregizate The coarse aggregate generally consisted ofa natural carbonate crushed rock with a maxihum size of 3/4 inch. The rocks types observed included limestone, fossiliferous limestone, and a few particles of chert and/or limestone and chert. The particles were generally angular to sub-rounded in shape and fairly evenly distributed. The coarse aggregate appeared to comprise approximately 50% of the total aggregate quantity with the remaining fraction being fine aggregate.
On sample 21271, there were 4 coarse aggregate pieces on the cut surface of the core that retained moisture (and moisture in the surrounding paste) longer than other portions of the sample. These pieces are shown in Photographs 5, 6, 7, and( 8. One of the pieces (Photograph 5 for core 2 127 1) had a darkened rim. A thin section was prepared from the piece in photograph 7 and this piece contained microcrystalline quartz and radial silica and exhibited localized evidence of alkali silica reaction.
The fine aggregate was observed to be a natural siliceous sand consisting mostly of cluartz. The particles were generally sub-angular to sub-rounded in shape aond fairly evenly distribUtied.
Cement Paste The cement paste was medium light gray (Reference colors from The Geological Society of America Rock-Color Chart, 1991). The paste appeared moderately hard and not easily scratched with a hardened steel point. The concrete appeared to have been placed at a moderately low water to cement ratio, possibly in the range of 0.4 to 0,5, Indication of placemet)t at a high water to cement ratio such as significant bleed channels and water gain voids were not observed, Air Voids Voids. ,ind Crackks The concrete appeared to be air entrained and had a total air content es timated to be. arounid 2 to 3"4,/. The voids were generally small and spherical. Some air void clustering was observed around a few coarse aggregate particles. The air void distribution was moderately un-even and some small areas lacked air entrainment. There was limited mineral growth observed in some of the air voids. Calcium hydroxide was observed lining some air voids.
3
Crystol River Conctetre Core Observations NVovemnhrr HI, 2009 Report of PetrographicObservotio.s iMA C"I' t'ro.ject No. 646S .O. 25.'
CrYstal River Nuclear Gencraniig Facilityv, '7or-ide SPECIFIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE FRACTURE!) SURFACE ON SAMPLES 21269A AN) 21271 A Obselrvations offýractured surface on sample 21269A
" The edge of the fractured surface had sharp distinct edges.
o Generally the coarse aggregate (predominately limestone) fractured as Opposed to being pulled out of the cement paste matrix,
" The fine aggregate (predominately quartz) generally was pulled out 'of the cement paste although it appeared that a few pieces of the quartz did fracture.
o The paste portion of the fractured Surface did not appear carbonated and produced a pink color when phenolphthalein was applied.
o Some of the air voids that were exposed on the fractured surface had some mineral grown in them. We did not observe the mineral growth on the fractured surface around these subject Noids.
" Pieces of this sample were purposely fractured in ou-r laboratory and the purposely fractured surfaces had similar observations to the submitted fractured surface.
o There was a white colored deposit on a few areas of the fractured surface. The. deposit was easily scratched off and contained desiccation cracking. Based on our observations of immersion mounts viewed under a petrographic microscope the deposit appeared to contain very fine material and small sharp angular pieces of quartz, These observations are consistent with what we would expect from core drilling slurry.
Observations14 o:ffactotd se tfwe on sum )/e 21271A
- The edge of the fractured surface had sharp distinct edges,
- Generally the coarse aggregate (predominately limestone) fractured as opposed to being pulled out of the cement paste matrix.
- The fine aggregate (predominately quartz) generally was pulled Out of the cement paste although it appeared that a few pieces of the quartz did fracture.
" The paste portion or the fractured surface did not appear carbonated and produced a pink color when phenolphthalein was applied.
- Some of the air voids that were exposed on the fractured surface had some mineral grown in them, We did not observe the mineral growth on the fractured surface around these subject voids.
" Pieces of this sample were purposely fractured in our laboratory and the purposely fractured surfaces had similar observations to the submitted fIactured surface.
MET OD()L)OL IES TO EVALIJATE THE RELATIVE AGE OF CONCRETE CRAC.KS Several articles have been written about dating cracks by measuring carbonation. Carbonation is a reaction that takes place between hydroxides in the cement paste and carbonic acid, The carbonic acid reacts with the alkaline components (the hydroxides) in the cement paste and neutralizes them. The carbonic acid catt he derived fromni the dissolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO,) in the concrete 4
Crystal River Concrete Core Observ'ations Novefmbe'r I/, 2009 Repori of Petrogr*phic Observations MA("7" 'Pro/cet No. 6468-09-25,35 CrYvtal River Nuclear Generating Facility, Hornda pore water. Generally, the longer the concrete is exposed to the atmosphere the greater the depth of carbonation.
In Adam Neville's article, Can We Determine the Age of Cracks by Measuring Carbonalion?, Mr. Neville states in his conclusions that "On the basis of carbonation measurements and of dircct observation, it is often possible to say that a crack is old, but it is !ot possible to say that it is new". Mr. Neville also states "If very little carbonation has taken place, then this can be due to one of two reasons: either the crack is new or the conditions of exposure were such that carbonation could not proceed."
In the article, Carbonation as an Indicator of Crack Age by Dipayan Jana and Bernard Erlin, the anlthors state that "...carbonation can, at best be used as a qualitative measu re of crack age. In most cases, however, determining the age of a crack by measuring the depth of carbonation along its walls is highly unreliable..." The auithors present some alternative crack age indicators as follows:
Cracks spanned by bridges of paste indicate they were formed when the concrete was semi-plastic.
o Crack surfaces that are smooth indicate they were formed before concrete had attained much strength.
o Cracks that intersect air voids and pass through secondary deposits indicate tormation after the deposit precipitates.
" Where 2 cracks intersect and one contains secondary deposits. the crack containing secondary deposits is usually older.
Additionally, in the book Concrete Petrography by Donald A. St. John, Alan W. Poole an Ian Sima, the authors point out that Concrete cracks in the hardened state, but can only form channels. fissures and voids in the plastic state before setting.
DISC(USSION In general the concrete appeared to be in good condition. There was some evidence that the chert particles are undergoing alkali silica reaction however significant distress due to alkali silica reaction was not observed in the samples and the chert particles comprised a very small percentage of the aggregates.
It is not uuMsual to see evidence of some alkali silica reaction in older concrete.
We understand the original mix design used fr the projeat (copy attached) specified approximately 37%
sand and 63% coarse aggregate. Based on our observations of the core samples we estimate they
("Irsta/ River C("'I rere Core Observations .N vormbcr / /, 200)
Report of PelographicObservaiion.s MA ('T7C Pruject No. 6468-09.25.53 Cytal River Nuclear G7eeratitg *l'acililf, Ilorida contained approximatcly 50% sand and 50% coarse aggregate. The mix design indicated a water to cement ratio of 0.38. Based on our observations of the core samples we estimate the water to cement ratio may have been on the order of 0.4 to 0.5. However, the evaluation of water to cement ratio of older concrete is very subjective and may not be reliable.
Based on the sharp distinct edge of the fractured surface, observations of fractured coarse aggregate (limestone, which is relatively easy to fracture), the observations of a few fractured fine aggregate (quaiz, which is relatively hard to fracture) pieces we expect the fractured surface observed in the samples occurred after the concrete had hardened and attained significant overall strength as well as sufficient paste-to-aggregate bond to enable failure in the limestone aggregate.
It is our understanding that the subject crack was an internal crack and not readily exposed to the atnimosphere. The outside surfaces had some levels of carbonation but the cracked surfaces did not, We expect the lack of observed carbonation on the crack surface could be due either to the lack of sufficient C02 in the crack space to cause carbonation even though a long period of time could have elapsed since cracking or the crack was recently formed even though sufficient C02 was available If the cracked surface had been carbonated, that would indicate that there was sufficient C02 to initiate carbonation and sufficient time had elapsed for the carbonation to progress into the concrete. In the case of these concrete samples and the expected exposure condition of the crack surface, the lack of observed carbonation on the fractured surface of the samples is inconclusive regarding an estimate on the age, of cracking.
A significant observation on the fractured surfaces of the samples is the mineral growth that was observed in some of the air voids exposed at the fractured surface, but mineral growth was not observed on the fractured surface. There was not an extensive amount of mineral growth observed in the voids indicating the concrete was relatively dry in service (possibly due to the elevated tei nperature inside the containment area). Had the crack been in existence for a long period of' time, we would have expected to see some mineral growth on the fractured surface.
6
C(?ystal River Concrete Core Observaiwis November 1/, 2009)
Report of"Pelrographic Obsenrations MA CTIE(.' [Trj-ci No. 6468-0Q-2535 C(estal River Nuclear Geertwiiig Facilit.y, -orda
SUMMARY
The lack of carbonation on the fracture surface is inconclusive with respect to dating the cracks. Our findings indicate cither the crack is relatively new or the crack could be old but the atmosphere the crack was exposed to (an internal fracture not exposed to the outside atmosphere) was not conducive to carbonation.
The fractured limestone coarse aggregate particles on the fraclured surface indicate the concrete had gained sufficient strength and bond with the coarse aggregate to prevent aggregate pull-out and cause tihe fracturing, The limestone coarse aggregate generally does not have a high tensile strength and is expected to fracture, relatively easily, A few of the quartz fine aggregate particles had fractured indicating the concrete had gained sufficient strength and bond with a few Of the fine aggregate particles to cause fracturing. The quartz fine aggregate generally has a relatively high tensile strength. The fractured aggregates indicate the fractured surface of the samples probably did not occur soon after the concrete placement when the concrete was relatively fresh, We understand this member is post-tensioned and it is likely that the tendons were tensioned weeks following the placement after sufficient strength gain for P/T tensioning was attained but still relatively early in the service life. We anticipate the cracking occurred after this stage however exact correlation to this occurrence/ load induced cracking was inconclusive based on the findings. Dating the crack based, on observations of aggregate fracture was inconclusive beyond a period of after post-tensioning to relatively new/recent crack occurrence.
The mineral growth that was observed in some of the air voids exposed at the fractured surface, but was not observed on the fractured surface indicates the air voids have existed longer than the fractured surface. Obviously the air voids have been there since the concrete was in a plastic state and over time under favorable conditions, the mineral growth in the voids has occurred. Had the crack been in existence for a long period of time, we would have expected to see some mineral growth on the fractured surface.
The lack of mineral growth on the fractured surface of the samples indicates the crack is either relatively new or occurred after favorable conditions for mineral growth were diminished, Had carbonation or mineral growth been observed on the fracture surface of the samples, that would have indicated the crack is relatively old. The lack of carbonation and mineral growth on tie fracture surface of the samples is an inctication that either the crack could be relatively new or the conditions for carbonation and mineral growth had not been favorable since the crack developed, in which case the age of the crack could not be determined.
71
COy'stal River Concrete Core Observations November II, 2009 Report TPetrographicObservations MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-2535 Crstal River Nuclear Generating Facilitv, Florida We trust this information meets your current needs. If more information is needed of if you have any questions, please contact us.
Sincerely MACTEC ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING, INC.
tý k S I' f'141)
(7, Senior Principal Professional, 1, / i I l.J iIri: ic ia (2 copies submitted)
Attachments: References Summary of Petrographic Observations for Cores 21269A and 21271A Photographs for Samples 21269 and 2127 I Reports from Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory 8
(7,'\'Nrc Riv'er C~nwrele otre Ohbirv'azwns iNove'obei /1, 200q t
Re'port of Jeeogn raphic 0/isevtIYioIi A'A717rojo-f A'u, 6468-09-2S53
(;fvAsa River Nucwler ('nctrCatingiF cifif \. ilorjda CITED REFERENCES Neville, A.M., Can We D)etermine tie Age of Cracks by Measuring Carbonation? Part I, Concrete International, December 2003.
Neville, A.M,, Can We Determine the Age of Cracks by Measuring Carbonation? Part I Concrete In tern ati onal, January 2004.
Jana, t)ipayan, and FIrlin. Bernard, Carbonation as an Indicator of Crack A'ge, Concrcte International, May 2007.
St. John, Donald A, Poole, Alan W., and Sims, lan, Concrete Petrography, John Wiley and Sons, pp 229-246, 1998.
9
<MACTEC
SUMMARY
OF PETROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS OF HARDENED CONCRETE - ASTM C-856-04 PROJECT NAME Crystal River Core Petrography Project PROJECT NUMBER 0,1,68'-09,-2535 DATE SAMPLED RECEIVED l0-21-09 2 I2(:9A SAMPLE SIZE AND DESCRIPTION Concrete core, approximately 3 3/ inches in AS RECEIVED diameter, approximately 7 to 8 inches long.
OBSERVATIONS BY David Wilson I] CHARACTERISTICS I OBSER VA TIONS COARSE AGGREGATE:
Shape I Angular to sub rounded Grading Approximately 3/4 maximum size Distribution Even. Approximately 50% of the aggregates appeared to be coarse aggregates with the remaining fraction being the fine aggregate.
Texture Fine Composition Carbonate Rock Types Limestone, fossiliferous limestone ration: Not observed
- Degree
- Products Coatings Not observed Rims Not observed Internal Cracking Generally not observed except in the vicinity of the fractured Surface Contamination Not observed FINE AGGREGATE:
- -i . . . ...
I.....
Shape *...
... . . Generally sub-rounded to sub-angular Grading #4and smaller Distribution Even Texture ....... . .. SFine o Composition --- ~...___
___ _-- Siliceous PetrographicObservations,Sample LD. 21269A P,'ge I of 3 Form Reviewed and Approved for Use on Crystal River Cores Project 6468-09.2535 J. Allan Tice, ProjectPrincipal
<MACTEC Rock Types ............ 11at,Observ Alteration: Not Observed Degree Products Coatings Not Observed Rims Not Observed Internal Crackin.. A few internal fractures were observed Contamination Not observed CHARACTERISTICS OBSERVATIONS CONCRETE:
Air-Entrained or Not Appeared to have some air entrainment.
Total air content based on visual observations appeared!.o .!?e 2 to 3%
Air Voids: Mostly small and spherical. Some air void Shape clustering was observed around a few Size coarse aggregate particles, The air void Distribution distribution was moderately un-even, some small areas lacked air entrainment. There was some limited mineral growth observed in some of the air voids. Calcium hydroxide was observed lining some air voids.
Blceding` Not Observed Segregation Not Observed Aggregate-Paste Bond Coarse and fine aggregates appeared to have a good bond to the cement paste with few openings. Some aggregate particles had increased calcium hydroxide in the paste surrounding the perimeter of the particle.
Fractures One end of the core contained a fracturCd surface. There were some other minor fractures on the end with the fractured surface. On the fractured surface there was a white deposit in a few areas. The deposit exhibited desiccation cracking and appeared to contain fine cement paste particles and some angular quartz fragments. This deposit is expected to be drilling slurry.
Emnbedded Itemrs Not observed
- Shape
- Size PetrographicObservations,Sample I.D. 21269A Page 2 of J.
Form Reviewed and Approved for U}e on Crystal River Cores Project 6468-09-2535 ,1. Allan Tice, Project Principal *e 2 of 3.
MACTEC Location Type .
Alteration: Not observed
- Degree & Type Reaction Products
- Location
- Identification Nature and Condition Of Surface There appeared to be white paint on the Treatments ..... Surface of t.he core~~~....
ektcrior e..........
Estimated water-cement ratio (based on Appeared to have a moderately low w/c visual observations only) ratio possibly in the range of 0.4 to 0.5 Estimated cement content (based on visual Appeared to have a moderately high observations only) cement content
________ PASTE:
A--........_.....
.G .........
Color (GSA rock color chart 1991t) Me~dium l~h ga Hardness Appeared moderately hard when scratched with a hardened steel point Porosity Did not appear very porous. It took from 10 minutes to over 20 minutes to absorb 15 micro liter drops of w.ter.
Carbonation The outer 1/4/to 1/2/ inch of the exterior surface was carbonated. The fractured surface was not carbonated.
Residual un-hyctrated Cement:
Some un-hydrated/partially hydrated
- Distribution cement particles were observed
- Particle Size
- Abundance
-Composition Mineral Admixtures: Fly-ash was not observed
- Size
- Abundance Identification itamination: Not observed
- Size
- Abundance
- Identification Equipment Used:
Cannon EOS Digital Rebel with 50mm macro lens and microscope adapters AmScope 7X to 45X stereo zoom microscope (with and without polarized light)
Olympus BH-2 polarized light mnicroscope Zeiss Photomicroscope II polarized light microscope Aven Digital Microscope Starrett 6 inch rule SN 109000003 Note: No M&TE used is subject to calibration requirements.
PetrographicObservations, Sample LD. 21269A Page 3 of 3 Form Reviewed and Approved for Use on Crystal River Cores Project 6468.09-2535 ,. Allan Tice, Project Principal
MACTEC_
SUMMARY
OF PETROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS Of' HARDENED CONCRETE - ASTM C-856-04 P'ROJECTI NA ti; Crystal River Core Petrography Project PROJECT NUMBER 6468-09-2535 DATE SAMPLED RECEIVED 1 ,21 (5'9 SAM I!A 'ID. . 2127 1 A SAMPLE SIZE AND DESCRIPTION Concrete core, approximately 3 3/4 inches in AS RECEIVED diameter, approximately 7 to 8 inches long.
OBSERVATIONS BY David Wilson CHARA CTERIS TICS I OBSER VA TIONS COARSE AGGREGATE:
Slul::pe Angula r to sub rounded Gradiill Approx imately 3/4 maximum size Distribution Even. Approximately 50% of the aggregates appeared to be coarse aggregates with the remaining fraction being the fine ag:re-,<tlc.
Composition Carbonate, a few with siliceous deposits IOCk l ypc.s .Mostly limestone and fossiliferous limestone. 4 coarse aggregate particles on the cored surface retained moisture much longer than the other particles and one of these particles had a darkened rim Alteration:
- Degree
- Products Not observed except for one particle Internal Cracking Generally not observed except in the vicinity of the fractured surface. One of the particles that retained moisture longer than the other particles (referenced in rock type section) was observed in thin section and contained microcryialline quartz and PetrographicObservations, Sample LD. 21271A Page 1 of4 Form Reviewed and Approvedfor Use on Crystal River Cores Project 6468.09.2535 J. Allan Tice, Project Principal
MACTEC radial silica (essentially chert) with the limestone, several cracks were observed going through the portion which was predominately chert. There appeared to be minor amounts of ASR gel but a positive identification could not be made due to the small amounts present.
Contamnination Not observed FINE AGGREGATE:
Shape Genera llv sub-rounded to sub-angular I~~m
- 4 and smaller Distribution Even Texture Fine Composition Siliceous Rock Types Quartz Alteration: Not Observed
- Degree
- Products Coatings ,,, Not Observed Rims Not Observed Internal Cracking A few internal fractures were observed Contamination Not observed I CHARACTERISTICS OBSERVATIONS I CONCRETE:
Air-Entrained or Not Appeared to have some air entrainment.
Total air content based on visual observations appeared to be 2 to 3%
Air Voiids: Mostly small and spherical. Some air void
- Shape clustering was observed around a few
- Size coarse aggregate particles. The air void
- Distribution distribution was moderately un-even, some small areas lacked air entrainment, There was some limited mineral growth observed in some of the air voids. Calcium hydroxide was observed lining some air voids.
Ble e din g* _ 2.. . . . ...................... :.......... .......... . . Not Observed Segregaion Not Observed ____ ____
Aggregate-Paste Bond Coarse and fine aggregates appeared to have a good bond to the cement paste with few openings. Some aggregate particles had increased calcium hydroxide in the paste surrounding the perimeter of the PetrographicObservations, Sample I.D. 21271A Page 2 q14 Form Reviewed and Approved for Use on Crystal River Cores Project 6468-09-2535 1. Allan Tice, Project PIrincipal
MACTEC
- p. artIcIle._
Fractures One end of the core contained a fractured surface. There were some other minor fractures on the end with the fractured surface. There were some fractures associated the chert particle discussed previously.
Embedded Items Not observed Shape Size
- Location
- Type Alteration: Not observed
- Degree & Type
- Reaction Products
- Location
- Identification Nature And Condition of Surface There appeared to be white paint on the Treatments exterior surface of the core Estimated water-cement ratio (based on Appeared to have a moderately low w/c visual observations only) ratio possibly in the range of 0.4 to 0.5 Estimated cement content (based on visual Appeared to have a moderately high observations only)
I cement content -
PASTE:
Color (GSA rock color chart 1991) Medium liht rav ___-.
Hardness Appeared moderately hard when scratched with a hardened steel point Porosity Did not appear very porous. it took from 10 minutes to over 20 minutes to absorb 15 micro i .... ~~~~~~~~~.....!_
cYm0_~liter drops
.!d .....
._ -Iof
-- waler.
I,..,, d ....... .
Carbonation The outer 1 to 1/2/ inch of the exterior surface was carbonated. The fractured surface was not carbonated.
Residual un-hydrated Cement: Some un-hydrated/parti ally hydrated
- Distribution cement particles were observed
- Particle Size
- Abundance C
.Composition m o_.j ~ n . ... . ......... ..............
Mineral Admixtures: Fly-ash was not observed
- Size
- Abundance
- Identification Contamination: Not observed Size Abundance Identification PetrographicObservations, Sample I.D. 212,71A Page 3 of4 Form Reviewed and Approved for Use on Crystal River Cores Project 6468-09-2535 J. Allan Tice, Project Principal
yMACTEC Equipment Used:
Cannon EOS Digital Rebel with 50mm macro lens and microscope adapters AmScope 7X to 45X stereo zoom microscope (with and without polarized light)
Olympus BH-2 polarized light microscope Zeiss Photomicroscope II polarized light microscope Aven Digital Microscope Starrett 6 inch rule SN 109000003 Note: No M&TE used is subject to calibration requirements.
PetrographicObservations,Sample .D. 21271A Fpage 4 of4 Form Reviewed and Approved for Use on Crystal River Cores Project 6468-09-2535 J. Allan Tice, Project Principal