ML101270040

Entergy'S Twelfth Supplemental Disclosure

ML101270040
Person / Time
Site:	Pilgrim
Issue date:	04/30/2010
From:	Gaukler P Entergy Nuclear Generation Co, Entergy Nuclear Operations, Pillsbury, Winthrop, Shaw, Pittman, LLP
To:	Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
SECY RAS
References
50-293-LR, ASLBP 06-848-02-LR, RAS J-219
Download: ML101270040 (30)

Text

R--ý,J ---- 15 DOCKETED USNRC April 30,.2010 (3:48pm) April 30, 2010 OFFICE OF SECRETARY RULEMAKINGS AND UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ADJUDICATIONS STAFF NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Before the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board In the Matter of )

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Entergy Nuclear Generation Company and ) Docket No. 50-293-LR Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc. ) ASLBP No. 06-848-02-LR (Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station) )

ENTERGY'S TWELFTH SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE Pursuant to 10 C.F.R. § 2.336, Entergy Nuclear Generation Company and Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc. ("Entergy") hereby supplements its disclosures as follows.

IDENTIFICATION OF WITNESSES Entergy hereby identifies the following prospective witnesses with respect to Pilgrim Watch's Contention 3 as remanded by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("Remanded Contention 3"):

Dr. Kevin O'Kula Advisory Engineer and Senior Fellow Advisor, URS Safety Management Solutions LLC URS Safety Management Solutions LLC 2131 South Centennial Avenue Aiken, SC 29,803-7680 803-502-9620 Dr. O'Kula is an expert in severe accident consequence analysis and the application of the MELCOR Accident Consequences Code Systems. Dr. O'Kula will base his opinions in part on the analysis of the Gaussian Plume modeling issues addressed in his Declaration of May 16, 2007 and the expert report entitled "Radiological Dispersion and Consequence Analysis

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Supporting Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Severe Accident Mitigation Alternative Analysis" (May 2007) that was attached to that Declaration.

Steven R. Hanna, Phd. Adjunct Associate Professor, Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Dept. of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health; Principal, Hanna Consultants Harvard School of Public Health Room 404J Landmark Center, 401 Park Dr.

P.O. Box 15677 Boston, MA 02215-0013 617-384-8807 Dr. Hanna is an expert in atmospheric turbulence and dispersion, in the analysis of meteorological and air quality data, and in the development, evaluation, and application of air quality models. He is an AMS Certified Consulting Meteorologist with over 35 years of experience. Dr. Hanna's opinions with respect to Pilgrim Watch Contention 3 have not yet been formulated. Entergy will supplement this disclosure to provide the basis for Dr. Hanna's opinions after they are developed.

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DISCLOSURE AND PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS Pursuant to 10 C.F.R. § 2.336(d), Entergy is hereby supplementing its document disclosures as follows.

1. Entergy is providing by separate cover letter to counsel for Pilgrim Watch and the NRC Staff a compact disk.that contains documents that were not previously produced that are relevant to Remanded Contention 3.

2. Entergy is enclosing in hardcopy with this filing the resumes of Dr. O'Kula and Dr.

Hanna. Dr. O'Kula's resume is an updated version of the resume that was previously provided as an exhibit to his Declaration.

Respectfully Submitted, David R. Lewis Paul A. Gaukler PILLSBURY WINTHROP SHAW PITTMAN LLP 2300 N Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20037-1128 Tel. (202) 663-8474 Dated: April 30, 2010 Counsel for Entergy 3

April 30, 2010 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Before the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board In the Matter of )

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Entergy Nuclear Generation Company and ) Docket No. 50-293-LR Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc. ) ASLBP No. 06-848-02-LR (Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station)

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that copies of"Entergy's Twelfth Supplemental Disclosure" dated April 30, 2010, and Certification of Supplemental Disclosure Affidavit of Fred Mogolesko were served on the persons listed below by deposit in the U.S. Mail, first class, postage prepaid, and where indicated by an asterisk by electronic mail, this 30th day of April, 2010.

• Administrative Judge *Administrative Judge Ann Marshall Young, Esq., Chair Dr. Richard F. Cole Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Mail Stop T-3 F23 Mail Stop T-3 F23 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555-0001 Washington, D.C. 20555-0001 amyv(nrc.gov rfc1 (*Dnrc.gov

• Administrative Judge *Secretary Paul B. Abramson Att'n: Rulemakings and Adjudications Staff Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Mail Stop 0-16 C1 Mail Stop T-3 F23 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555-0001 Washington, D.C. 20555-0001 secy(&lnrc.gov, hearingdocket(dnrc. gov pba(Fdnrc.gov

Office of Commission Appellate Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Adjudication Mail Stop T-3 F23 Mail Stop 0-16 CI U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555-0001 Washington, D.C. 20555-0001

• Susan L. Uttal, Esq. *Mr. Mark D. Sylvia

• Kimberly Sexton, Esq. Town Manager

• James E. Adler, Esq. Town of Plymouth Office of the General Counsel 11 Lincoln St.

Mail Stop 0-15 D21 Plymouth MA, 02360 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission msvlviaa~townhall.Nvymouth.ma.us Washington, D.C. 20555-0001 slu(iinrc.gov; kas2(@,nrc.gov; jeal(&nrc.gov

• Ms. Mary Lampert *Chief Kevin M. Nord 148 Washington Street Fire Chief and Director, Duxbury Emergency Duxbury, MA 02332 Management Agency marv.Ialnoertacomcast.net 688 Tremont Street P.O. Box 2824 Duxbury, MA 02331 norddtown.duxbury.ma.us

• Sheila Slocum Hollis, Esq. *Richard R. MacDonald Duane Morris LLP Town Manager 1667 K Street, N.W. 878 Tremont Street Suite 700 Duxbury, MA 02332 Washington, D.C. 20006 macdonalda~town.duxburv.ma.us sshollis(Oduanemorris. com

• Matthew Brock, Assistant Attorney General Commonwealth of Massachusetts Office of the Attorney General One Ashburton Place Boston, MA 02108 Martha.Coakley(astate.ma.us Matthew.Brockistate.ma.us Paul A. Gaukler

'0 URS SAFETY MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS LLC KEVIN R. O'KULA Advisory Engineer URS Safety Management Solutions LLC 2131 South Centennial Avenue Aiken, South Carolina 29803-7680 Telephone: 803.502.9620- Email: kevin.okula@wsms.com KEY AREAS:

• Computer Model Verification and Validation

• Severe Accident and Quantitative Risk Analysis

" Accident and Consequence Analysis for Design Basis e Level 2/3 Probabilistic Risk Assessment Accident Support

• Regulatory Standard & Guidance Development a MACCS2 Code Applications

" New Reactor Design Accident Analysis and PRA Support

• Level 3 PRA Standard Development PROFESSIONAL

SUMMARY

Dr. O'Kula has over 27 years experience as a manager and technical professional in the areas of accident and consequence analysis, source term evaluation, commercial and production reactor probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and severe accident analysis, safety software quality assurance (SQA), safety analysis standard and guidance development, computer code evaluation and verification, risk management, hydrogen safety, reactor materials dosimetry, shielding, and tritium safety applications. He is a member of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) Standard working group ANS 58.25 on Level 3 Probabilistic Safety Assessment, and is a member of the Peer Review Committee for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC's) State-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analysis (SOARCA) Program. Kevin was part of the Department of Energy (DOE) team writing DOE G 414.1-4, Safety Software Guide. He coordinated technical support for the DOE Office of Environment, Safety, and Health (EH) in addressing Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Recommendation 2002-1 on Software Quality Assurance (SQA), and was a consultant to DOE/EH-31 Office of Quality Assurance for disposition of SQA issues.

Dr. O'Kula was a member of the Partner, Assess, Innovate, and Sustain (PALS) Safety Case team for the Sellafield Site in the United Kingdom in the early 2009 period. The PAIS team identified and began implementation of improvement opportunities in nuclear safety and related areas. Recommendations were documented in comprehensive reports to the Site's Nuclear Management Partners consortium in March 2009.

He is, or has supported, Atomic Safety Licensing Board (ASLB) relicensing issue resolution for several commercial plants including Indian Point, Prairie Island, and Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, on severe accident mitigation alternatives (SAMA) analysis. He was also part of the accident analysis and PRA/severe accident teams supporting the Design Certification Document for the US Advanced Pressure Water Reactor (APWR) a joint effort with Washington Division and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI).

He has provided similar support for an alternative reactor technology, the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR).

Kevin is coordinating WSMS support to the Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) for evaluation of hydrogen events in a waste vitrification plant design, including fault tree and human factors areas. He is URS - Proprietary 1

URS CORPORATION K. R. O'KULA URS SAFETY MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS LLC also providing input to the DOE response on the use of risk assessment methodologies as part of the DNFSB Recommendation 2009-1 implementation action for Risk Assessment. He led work in reviewing EIS food pathway consequence analysis performed on assumed accident conditions from the Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility (MFFF), sited at the Savannah River Site. This project compared and evaluated the impacts calculated from three computer models, including MACCS2, GENII, and UFOTRI.

He is past chair of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) Nuclear Installations Safety Division (NISD),

and the Energy Facility Contractors Group (EFCOG) Accident Analysis Subgroup. He currently is vice-chair of the Nuclear Hydrogen Production Technical Group under the ANS's Environmental Sciences Division, and is chair for the EFOCG Hydrogen Safety Interest Group. He was the Technical Program Chair for two ANS embedded topical meetings on Operating Nuclear Facility Safety (Washington, D.C.,

2004) and the Safety and Technology of Nuclear Hydrogen Production, Control and Management (Boston, MA, 2007).

Dr. O'Kula was PRA group manager for K Reactor at the time of restart in the early 1990s. He led a successful effort demonstrating Savannah River Site (SRS) K-Reactor siting compliance to 10 CFR 100, and tritium facility compliance with SEN-35-91.

He was the project leader for independent Verification and Validation (V&V) of urban dispersion software for the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and is the current V&V project manager for the evaluation of several chemical/biological software tools for the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) and Chemical-Biological Program (Dugway Proving Ground (Utah) and Edgewood Chemical/Biological Center in Maryland.

EDUCATION:

Ph.D., Nuclear Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1984 MS, Nuclear Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1977 BS, Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, 1975 TRAINING:

Conduct of Operations (CONOPS), 1994 Harvard School of Public Health, Atmospheric Science and Radioactivity Releases, 1995 Consequence Assessment, (Savannah River Site, 1995)

U.S. DOE Risk Assessment Workshop (Augusta, GA, 1996)

MELCOR Accident Computer Code System (MACCS) 2 Computer Code, 1997, 2005 MCNPX Training Class (ANS Meeting, 1999)

CLEARANCE:

Active DOE "Q" PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:

Washington Safety Management Solutions 1997 to Present Advisory Engineer and Senior Fellow Advisor Dr. O'Kula provided support to DOE/EH-31 for addressing SQA issues for safety analysis software. He was a contributor to DOE G 414.1-4, Safety Software Guide on SQA practices, procedures, and programs.

URS - Proprietary 2

URS CORPORATION K. R. O'KULA URS SAFETY MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS LLC As a member of the MACCS2 Review Panel, he recommends practices to Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the NRC regarding the 3-year State-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analysis (SOARCA)

Program. Dr. O'Kula is also part of the Level 3 PRA Standard working group charged with developing an ANSI/ANS standard for Level 3 PRA analysis. He participated in a team that conducted an SQA gap analysis on the bioassay code [Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis (IMBA)] based on DOE G 414.1-4 requirements. He identified safety analysis codes that were designated as DOE "toolbox" codes, and oversaw production of the first documents (QA criteria and application plan, code guidance reports, and gap analysis) for six accident analysis codes designated for the DOE Safety Software Toolbox.

Kevin provided technical input for work packages on several recent commercial projects. In the first, he teamed with Entergy on MACCS2 code applications and issue resolution in the Severe Accident Mitigation Alternatives (SAMA) analysis area for the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station. In the second, he was part of tritium environmental release analysis team that supported evaluation of tritium control and management areas for the Braidwood plant. A third effort developed an initial SAMDA document for the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) US-APWR (1610 MWe evolutionary PWR), as well as complete a control room habitability study for postulated toxic chemical gas releases.

Kevin was part of a Washington Group team that developed a Design Control Document (DCD) for the MHI US-APWR using input information from MHI. He was Chapter lead on Chapter 15 (Transient and Accident Analysis), and later transitioned to severe accident evaluation and documentation support to Chapter 19 (PRA and Severe Accidents). He currently is the Chapter 19 lead for PRA and Severe Accident for COLA development for the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR).

Dr. O'Kula developed the outline, coordinated contributors, and assembled the first draft of the DOE Accident Analysis Guidebook, a reference guide for hazard, accident, and risk analysis of nuclear and chemical facilities operated in the DOE Complex. He is also the primary author and coordinator for the Accident Analysis Application Guide for the Oak Ridge contractor. Dr. O'Kula also developed a one-day course and exam for the guide, which he later presented to the Oak Ridge, Paducah, and Portsmouth staff.

Dr. O'Kula also led an independent V&V review for the DTRA of the U.K.-developed Urban Dispersion Model (UDM) software for predicting chemical and biological plume dispersion in. city environments, and is leading projects to verify and validate chemical/biological simulation suite software applications for the Dugway Proving Ground (Utah), and the Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) in Maryland.

Managing Member, Consequence Analysis Dr. O'Kula was responsible for the consequence analysis associated with accident analysis sections of Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) reports and other safety basis documents for SRS, Oak Ridge, and other DOE nuclear facilities. He also developed the methodology and identified appropriate computer models for this purpose. Additionally, Dr. O'Kula developed training to enhance consistency and standardize analyses in the consequence analysis area. He was project manager for environmental assessment support to SRS on a transportation safety analysis using the RADTRAN code.

Dr. O'Kula coordinated development of a DOE Accident Analysis Guidebook involving over 10 sites and organizations. He also led the effort to produce Computer Model Recommendations for source term (fire, spill, and explosion), in-facility transport, and dispersion/consequence (radiological and chemical) areas.

Westinghouse Savannah River Company 1989 to 1997 Group Manager Dr. O'Kula managed consequence analyses associated with accident analysis sections of DSA reports and other safety basis documents. He also developed the associated methodologies and identified appropriate URS - Proprietary 3

URS CORPORATION K. R. O'KULA URS SAFETY MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS LLC computer models. He was a member of the management team supporting Criticality Safety Evaluation preparation assisting Safe Sites of Colorado and the dispositioning of final criticality safety issues for the decommissioning and decontamination of nuclear facilities at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site.

In a teaming arrangement with Science Applications International Corporation, Kevin initiated discussions that led to development of an emergency management enhancement tool to better predict likely source terms. Applied to a Savannah River nuclear facility (K Reactor) and to the British Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactors (AGRs) (for the United Kingdom's Nuclear Installation Inspectorate).

Model was knowledge-based, and required development of an Accident Progression Event Tree (APET) for the facility in question.

Dr. O'Kula managed the completion of the SRS K Reactor PRA program. He was the lead for development of the K Reactor Source Term Predictor Model and assisted with the core technology lay-up program to preserve competencies in reactor safety. He coordinated a 25-person group responsible for K Reactor probabilistic and deterministic dose analyses, and led the examination of reduced power cases at project termination. He developed risk and dose management applications to cost-effectively prioritize facility modifications.

Kevin interfaced with DOE Independent and Senior Review teams to finalize study acceptance, and transitioned the risk assessment team to risk management functions for nuclear and waste processing facilities. In addition, he successfully prepared a 10 CFR 100 Siting white paper to resolve issues raised by the DNFSB, and teamed with DOE/HQ legal support to document resolutions. He led the development of a position paper demonstrating SRS Replacement Tritium Facility compliance with DOE Safety Policy (SEN-35-91).

Staff Engineer Dr. O'Kula led an analytical team quantifying the tritium source term during a Loss of River Water design basis accident. He evaluated airborne tritium levels with multi-cell CONTAIN model, interfaced with a multidisciplinary team to resolve Operational Readiness Review concerns, developed an SRS-specific methodology for applying MACCS as a tool for Level 3 PRA Applications, and applied CONTAIN code for K Reactor source term analysis.

E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company 1982 to 1989 Principal Engineer, Research Engineer Dr. O'Kula performed risk analysis duties for the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) Risk Analysis Group, after earlier conducting research activities for the Reactor Materials and Reactor Physics Groups.

He performed initial planning for offsite irradiation of test specimens to evaluate remaining reactor lifetime for Savannah River reactor components.

URS - Proprietary 4

URS CORPORATION K. R. O'KULA URS SAFETY MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS LLC Westinghouse Electric Corporation 1975 Summer Student, Reactor Licensing Monroeville, PA American Electric Power Corporation 1973 to 1974 Co-op Student, Reactor Physics and Reactor Licensing New York, NY Long Island Lighting Company 1972 Summer Intern Riverhead, NY PARTIAL LIST OF PUBLICATIONS (2000-2010):

K. R. O'Kula, D. C. Thoman, J. Lowrie, and A. Keller, Perspectiveson DOE Consequence Inputsfor Accident Analysis Applications, American Nuclear Society 2008 Winter Meeting and Nuclear Technology Expo, November 9-13, 2008 (Reno, NV).

K. R. O'Kula, F. J. Mogolesko, K-J Hong, and Paul Gaukler, Severe Accident MitigationAlternative Analysis Insights Using the MACCS2 Code, American Nuclear Society 2008 Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) Topical Meeting, September 7-11, 2008 (Knoxville, TN).

K. R. O'Kula and D. C. Thoman, Modeling Atmospheric Releases of Tritiumfrom NuclearInstallations, American Nuclear Society Embedded Topical Meeting on the Safety and Technology of Nuclear Hydrogen Production, Control and Management, June 24-28, 2007 (Boston, MA).

K. R. O'Kula and D. C. Thoman, Analytical Evaluationof Surface Roughness Length at a Large DOE Site (Q), American Nuclear Society Winter Meeting, November 12-16, 2006 (Albuquerque, NM).

K. R. O'Kula and D. Sparkman, Safety Software Guide Perspectivesfor the Design ofNew Nuclear Facilities (U), Winter Meeting of the American Nuclear Society, November 13 - 17, 2005 (Washington, D.C.).

K. R. O'Kula and R. Lagdon, Progressin Addressing DNFSB Recommendation 2002-1 Issues: Improving Accident Analysis Software Applications, Fifteenth Annual Energy Facility Contractors Group Safety Analysis Workshop, April 30 - May 5, 2005, Los Alamos, NM (2005).

K. R. O'Kula and Tony Eng, A "Toolbox" EquivalentProcessfor Safety Analysis Software, Fourteenth Annual Energy Facility Contractors Group Safety Analysis Workshop, May 1-6, 2004, Pleasanton, CA (2004).

K. R. O'Kula, D. C. Thoman, J. A. Spear, R. L. Geddes, Assessing ConsequencesDue to Hypothetical Accident Releasesfrom New PlutoniumFacilities (U), American Nuclear Society Embedded Topical Meeting on Operating Nuclear Facility Safety, November 14 - 18, 2004 (Washington, D.C.).

K. O'Kula and J. Hansen, Implementation of Methodologyfor FinalHazard Categorizationof a DOE Nuclear Facility (U), Annual Meeting of the American Nuclear Society, June 13-17, 2004, (Pittsburgh, PA).

K. R. O'Kula and Tony Eng, A "Toolbox" Equivalent Processfor Safety Analysis Software, Fourteenth Annual Energy Facility Contractors Group Safety Analysis Workshop, May 1-6, 2004, Pleasanton, CA (2004).

URS - Proprietary 5

URS CORPORATION K. R. O'KULA URS SAFETY MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS LLC K. R. O'Kula, et al., Evaluation of Current Computer Models Applied in the DOE Complex for SAR Analysis of RadiologicalDispersion& Consequences, WSRC-TR-96-0126, Westinghouse Savannah River Company (2003).

K. R. O'Kula, et al., Evaluation of Current Computer Models Applied in the DOE Complex for SAR Analysis ofRadiologicalDispersion & Consequences, WSRC-TR-96-0126, Rev. 3, Westinghouse Savannah River Company (2002).

K. R. O'Kula, A DOE Computer Code Toolbox: Issues and Opportunities,Eleventh Annual EFCOG Workshop, also 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Nuclear Society, Milwaukee, WI (2001).

URS - Proprietary 6

URS CORPORATION K. R. O'KULA URS SAFETY MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS LLC PUBLICATIONS (1988-1999):

Dr. O'Kula authored or co-authored more than 20 publications between 1988 and 1999. Details are available upon request.

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES AND STANDARDS COMMITTEES

• American Nuclear Society

• Health Physics Society

" Level 3 ANS PRA Standard Committee 58.25 URS - Proprietary 7

STEVEN R. HANNA, PH.D.

Adjunct Associate Professor Hanna Consultants Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program 7 Crescent Ave.

Dept. of Environmental Health Kennebunkport, ME 04046 Harvard School of Public Health Tel: 207 967 4478 Fax: 207 967 5696 Room 404J Landmark Center, 401 Park Dr. E-mail: hannaconsult@adelphia.net P.O. Box 15677 Boston, MA 02215-0013 617-384-8807 E-mail: shanna@hsph.harvard.edu Ph.D., M.S., B.S., Meteorology, Penn State University (1967, 1966, 1964)

April 1997-Present: President, Hanna Consultants, Kennebunkport, ME April 2002-Present: Adjunct Associate Prof., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA July 1997- July 2003 Research Professor, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA April 1997-Dec. 2000: Research Associate, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 1992-April 1997: Principal Meteorologist, Earth Tech, Inc., Concord, MA 1985-1992: Founder and Vice President, Sigma Research Corp., Westford, MA 1981-1985: Principal Meteorologist, Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. (ERT), Concord, MA 1967-1981: Research Meteorologist and Acting Director (1979-198 1) USDOCINOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN AWARDS Dr. Hanna is the 1994 recipient of the American Meteorological Society's Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Advance of Applied Meteorology, and is a 1996 Centennial Fellow of the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences of Penn State University.

On June 2, 2003, he testified at a Congressional hearing on the subject of "Following Toxic Clouds: Science and Assumptions in Plume Modeling".

PROFESSIONAL

SUMMARY

Dr. Hanna is a specialist in atmospheric turbulence and dispersion, in the analysis of meteorological and air quality data, and in the development, evaluation, and application of air quality models. He is an AMS Certified Consulting Meteorologist with over 35 years of experience. He has led several research and development projects involving, for example, the analysis of uncertainties of dispersion models, the statistical evaluations of hazardous gas dispersion models and regional ozone models, the development of models for the dispersion of emissions from tall power plant stacks, from offshore oil platforms, and from accidental and intentional releases of hazardous chemicals, and the analysis of data from large urban and regional field experiments. From 1988-1997, Dr. Hanna was Chief Editor of the Journalof Applied Meteorology, and has published over 120 articles in refereed journals, six chapters in books, and five books in which he is the primary author.

RELATED PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Model Evaluation, Model Uncertainty,and ConcentrationFluctuations Under support of the American Petroleum Institute in the 1980s, a statistical method for evaluating air quality models was developed and applied to many types of source scenarios, models, and field data sets. This method is now accepted as the standard in international research on dispersion model evaluation. In the 1990s, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Army, and the American Petroleum Institute supported the development of a framework for evaluating and for estimating the uncertainty in environmental models. During the past few years, the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy have sponsored further studies of model evaluation methods, with emphasis on scenarios where chemical or biological agents might be released.

Since 1993, the Electric Power Research Institute has supported the development of uncertainty analysis methods for photochemical grid models. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has had Dr. Hanna review their uncertainty analysis methods for linked emissions-dispersion-exposure-risk consequence models. The American Petroleum Institute has Dr. Hanna leading a long-term study in which the uncertainties of dispersion models for toxic gases are being investigated.

Regional Ozone Data Analysis and Model Evaluation Dr. Hanna was the chief scientist for analysis of field data from several regional and urban-scale ozone experiments, including the South Central Coastal Cooperative Aerometric Monitoring Program (SCCCAMP), the Lake Michigan Ozone Study, and the Gulf of Mexico Air Quality Study (GMAQS). He was the manager and chief scientist for the multi-agency Cross-Regional Model Evaluation (CReME) project, in which the ROM 2.2, UAM-IV, UAM-V, and SAQM regional ozone models were evaluated with field data from the LMOS, Northeast, and SARMAP domains. Dr. Hanna is currently the chief scientist on two MMS-sponsored studies involving boundary layers and air quality in the Gulf of Mexico.

Dr. Hanna led a ten-year effort in which the effects of uncertainties in input parameters on the uncertainties in predictions of regional ozone models were assessed using Monte Carlo methods. The method was first applied to UAM-IV on the New York domain, and was more recently applied to UAM-V on the OTAG domain. Dr. Hanna recently completed a study of the uncertainties in the BEIS3 model, which is used to estimate biogenic emissions for input to photochemical grid models. The effects of uncertainties in BEIS3 model inputs on the model outputs and subsequently on outputs of the URM, MAQSIP, and MAQSIP photochemical grid models were estimated for three ozone episodes.

Modeling of Turbulence and Diffusion Dr. Hanna has developed applied diffusion models for several industrial and governmental clients, including a diffusion model for complex terrain (RTDM) for the Westvaco Corporation, a model for overwater diffusion (OCD) for the Minerals Management Service, a cooling tower plume model (ATCOOL) for the Department of Energy (DOE), a model for diffusion from tall stacks (HPDM) for EPRI, a hazardous gas model for chemical reactions and thermodynamics associated with UF 6 releases, and a baseline urban dispersion model.

In the past three years, the simple urban baseline dispersion model was developed for estimating impacts of possible terrorist attacks with chemical and biological agents. It was evaluated with field data from Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. He led the evaluation of DTRA's HPAC-Urban model with field data from Salt Lake City. He is currently the chief scientist of the tracer experiment portion of the Urban Atmospheric Observatory in New York City.

HazardousGas Model Development andAnalyses The AIChE sponsored the writing of the Guidelines for use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models in 1987, and the preparation of greatly-enhanced secind edition in 1996. The AIChE also sponsored preparation of the 2002 book entitled Wind Flow and Vapor

- Cloud Dispersion at Industrial and Urban Sites.

A USAF/API study was completed in which 15 hazardous gas models were evaluated with data from 8 field studies.

An industry-government consortium supported the five-year PERF 93-16 Dispersion Modeling Project, including field and laboratory experiments, in which dense gas models were improved so that they account for high surface roughnesses, short-duration releases, and stable ambient conditions. Dr. Hanna was responsible for the planning and coordination of the technical components of the project and carried out the analysis of the Kit Fox field data and the evaluation of the HGSYSTEM 3+ model.

Hazardous Gas Modeling for DTRA and DOE-CBNP From 1997-2002, Dr. Hanna was the director and chief scientist of the Coordinated Hazardous Atmospheric Release Modeling (CHARM) project at George Mason University. The research, supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), was concerned with development and evaluation of mesoscale meteorological models and atmospheric dispersion models for releases of chemical and biological agents. Dr. Hanna is continuing this research while at Harvard. Also, from 2000 through the present, DOE-CBNP is supporting study of users' needs of dispersion models and development of improved model evaluation methods. Recent emphasis is on modeling of urban areas, because of the terrorist threat in built-up downtown areas.

Since 1997, Dr. Hanna has organized and run the annual GMU July Workshop on Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling, which has grown so that there have been over 200 attendees the past two years.

Reviews of Diffusion Research Dr. Hanna has been requested to prepare written reviews of various aspects of diffusion research by the EPA, the DOE, the WMO, Electricite de France, The Netherlands, and Israel.

Dr. Hanna is a member of peer-review panels for NRC, DOE, EPA, CDC, CARB, and DOD programs. In March, 1997, he chaired the Peer Review Panel for the Atmospheric Modeling Division of the EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory. In June, 2000, he was a member of the Peer Review Panel for the EPA research program on ozone and air toxics. In November, 1997, he chaired the Peer Review Panel for the U.S. modeling program for the Khamisiyah, Iraq, chemical releases. In 1998 he chaired the Peer Review Panel for the EPA's new AERMOD model. In 2000, he was member of the Peer Review Panel for the Army Research Office's Atmospheric Boundary Layer Program. In 2003, he was a reviewer of the DOE VTMX research program.

Teaching Experiencesat Universities Dr. Hanna has been an adjunct professor and/or research professor at several universities during his career (Vanderbilt University from 1969 through 1973, University of Tennessee from 1974 through 198 1., Harvard School of Public Health from 1983 through the present, and George Mason University from 1997 through 2002). Approximately once each year throughout this period, he has taught graduate-level courses in atmospheric turbulence and dispersion. The Vanderbilt and UT lectures were used as the basis for the textbook by Hanna, Briggs, and Hosker (1982), which has been widely adopted as a basic text at other universities. In addition, three or four times a year from 1987-1997, Dr. Hanna taught a two-day short course entitled "Vapor Cloud Dispersion" as part of AMChE conferences.

Business Experience

In 1985, Dr Hanna was a cofounder of Sigma Research Corporation, which carried out basic and applied research on meteorology and air quality issues for a variety of clients. The company grew successfully and was purchased by Earth Tech in 1992. Since 1997, Dr. Hanna has continued his consulting under Hanna Consultants, and spends half-time on that effort. The other half of his time has been spent at either George Mason University (from 1997-2002) or Harvard School of Public Health (from 2003-present). Hanna Consultants currently has 15 active projects, sponsored by government agencies, chemical industries, environmental consulting companies, industrial associations, and universities.

Expert Witness Dr. Hanna has provided testimony in depositions in seven litigation cases and has testified in one trial. In most of these cases, te was required to apply and interpret atmospheric transport and dispersion models. He has modeled releases of methyl mercaptan nd chlorine from rail cars, oleum from valve ruptures, ammonia from a tank rupture, sulfuric acid from a stack, hydrogen sulfide torn a missile spill, and water vapor and particulates from a paper mill.

On June 2, 2003, Dr. Hanna was one of seven scientists invited to testify at a hearing before the U.S. Congress' Subcommittee

-n National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations, on the subject of "Following Toxic Clouds: Science and w.ssumptions in Plume Modeling".

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Sigma Xi, AAAS, AWMA AMS: Chief Editor, J. Appl. Meteorol., 1988-1997 Chairman, Atmos. Turb. and Diff. Committee, 1977-1978 Member, AMS/EPA Cooperative Work Group, 1979-1981 Member, AMS Board on Urban Meteorology, 2002-Co-Chairman of 2004 Urban Environment Conference, Vancouver Chairman, 1974 Atmos. Turb. and Diff. Conference, Santa Barbara Recipient of 1994 AMS Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Advance of Applied Meteorology AMS Certified Consulting Meteorologist (Number 361)

INVITED AUTHOR OF BOOKS

1. Hanna, S.R., 1982: Review of Atmospheric Diffusion Models for RegulatoryApplications. World Meteorological Organization Technical Note No. 177, WMO No. 581, Geneva, Switzerland.

2. Hanna, S.R., G.A. Briggs and R.P. Hosker, 1982: Handbook on Atmospheric Diffusion. DOE/TIC- 11223, Department of Energy, 102 pp.

3. Hanna, S.R. and P.J. Drivas, 1987: Guidelinesfor the Use of Vapor Cloud DispersionModels. Published by CCPS/AIChE, 345 East 4 7 th St., New York, NY 10017, 178 pp.

4. Hanna, S.R., and D.G. Strimaitis, 1988: Workbook of Test Cases for Vapor Cloud Source Emission and Dispersion Models. Published by CCPS/AIChE, 345 East 47h St., New York, NY 10017, 103 pp.

5. Hanna, S.R., P.J. Drivas, and J.C. Chang,. 1996: Guidelinesfor Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion_Models (Second Edition).

Published by AIChE/CCPS, 345 East 47th St., New York, NY 10017, 285 pages + diskette.

6. Hanna, S.R. and R.E. Britter, 2002: Wind Flow and Vapor Cloud Dispersion at Industrial and Urban'Sites. ISBN No: 0-81 69-0863-X, CCPS/AIChE. 3 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5901, 140 pages + CD-ROM.

PUBLICATIONS IN PEER REVIEWED JOURNALS I. Hanna SR. A method of estimating vertical eddy transport in the planetary boundary layer using characteristics of the vertical velocity spectrum. J Atmos Sci 1968; 25:1026-1032.

2. Hanna SR. The thickness of the planetary boundary layer. Atmos Environ 1969; 3:519-536.

3. Hanna SR. Roll-vortices in the boundary layer. J Appl Met 1970; 9:630-640.

4. Hanna SR, Swisher SD. Meteorological effects of the heat and moisture produced by man. Nuclear Safety 1971; 12:114-122.

5. Hanna SR, Hoecker WH. The response of constant-density balloons to sinusoidal variations of vertical wind speeds. J Appi Met 1971; 10:601-604.

6. Hanna SR, Gifford FA. Summary of meeting on mesoscale atmospheric modeling. Bull Am Met Soc 1971; 52:993.

7. Hanna SR. Simple methods of calculating dispersion from urban areas sources. J Air Poll Control Assn 1971; 21:774-777.

8. Hanna SR. Depth of boundary layer. Discussion. Atmos Environ 1971; 5:67-69.

9. Hanna SR, Swisher SD. A method for calculating the size of cooling tower plumes. Atmos Environ 1972; 6:587-588.

10. Hanna SR. Rise and condensation of large cooling tower plumes. JAM 1972: 11:793-799.

11. Hanna SR. Comments on a comparison of wet and dry bent-over plumes and rebuttal. J Appl Met 1972; 11:1386-1387.

12. Gifford FA, Hanna SR. Modeling urban air pollution. Atmos Environ 1973; 7:131-136.

13. Hanna SR. Description of ATDL computer model for dispersion from multiple sources. In: Noll KE, Duncan JR,eds. Industrial Air Pollution Control: Chapter 4, 1973:23-32.

14. Hanna SR. Book review: Fundamentals of Air Pollution, Williamson S. Bull Am Met Soc 1973; 54:957-958.

15. Hanna SR. A simple model for the analysis of chemically reactive pollutants. Atmos Environ 1973; 7:803-817.

16. Barton CJ, Moore RE, Hanna SR. Radiation doses from hypothetical exposures to Rulison gas. Nuclear Technology 1973; 20:30-50.

17. Hosker RP, Nappo CJ, Hanna SR. Diurnal variation of vertical thermal structure in a pine plantation. Agric Met 1974; 13:259-265.

18. Hanna SR. Meteorological effects of the mechanical draft cooling towers of the Oak Ridge gaseous diffusion plant. Cooling Tower Environment 1974; ERDA Symposium Series, CONF 740302: 291-306.

19. Hanna SR. Fog and drift deposition from evaporative cooling towers. Nuc Saf 1974; 15:190-196.

20. Hanna SR. Conference summary. Cooling tower environment--1974. Bull Am Met Soc 1974; 55:598.

21. Hanna SR, Gifford FA. Meteorological effects of energy dissipation. Bull Am Met Soc 1975; 56:1069-1076.

22. Hanna SR, Gifford FA. Part III. Dispersion of sulfur dioxide emissions from area sources. In: Noll K, Davis W, eds. Power Generation, Air Pollution Monitoring and Control. Ann Arbor Science, 1975:71-81.

23. Hanna SR, Gifford FA. Discussion of paper by Goumans and Clarenburg, a simple model to calculate the SO 2 concentrations in urban regions. Atmos Environ 1975; 10:564.

24. Hanna SR. Book review: Atmospheric Diffusion, 2nd Edition, Pasquill F. Bull Am Met Soc 1975; 56:693-694.

25. Hanna SR. A comparison of observed and predicted cooling tower plume rise and visible plume length. Atmos Environ 1975; 10:1043-1052.

26. Hanna SR. Relating emissions to air quality in Tennessee. Noll KE, Davis WT, eds. Power Generation. Ann Arbor Science, 1976:107-118.

27. Hanna SR. Relative dispersion of tetroon pairs during convective conditions. J Appi Meteorol 1976; 15:588-593.

28. Hanna SR. Predicted and observed cooling tower plume rise and visible plume length at the John E. Amos power plant. Atmos Environ 1976; 10:1043-1052.

29. Hanna SR. Comments on observations of an industrial cumulus. J Appl Met 1976; 15:1232-1233.

30. Hanna SR. Symposium review: Third symposium on atmospheric turbulence, diffusion, and air quality. Bull Am Met Soc 1977; 58:242-245.

31. Hanna SR. Predicted climatology of cooling tower plume types from energy centers. J Appi Met 1977; 16:880-887.

32. Hanna SR. Modeling smog along the Los Angeles-Palm Spring trajectory. Soffet I,ed. Fate of Pollutants in the Air and Water Environments. New York: Wiley J & Sons, 1977:209-295.

33. Hanna SR, Briggs GA,

Deardorff J,

Egan BA, Gifford FA, Pasquill F. AMS workshop on stability classification schemes and sigma curves. Bull Am Met Soc 1977; 58:1305-1309.

34. Hanna SR. Diurnal variation of the stability factor in the simple ATDL urban dispersion model. J Air Poll Control Assn 1978; 28:147-150.

35. Hanna SR. Accuracy of dispersion models: A position paper of the AMS 1977 committee on atmospheric turbulence and diffusion. Bull Am Met Soc 1978; 59:1025-1026.

36. Chen N, Hanna SR. Drift-modeling and monitoring comparisons. Atmos Environ 1978; 12:1725-1734.

37. Hanna SR, Pike M, Seitter K. Observations of vortices in cooling tower plumes. J AppI Met 1978; 17:7, 1068-1071.

38. Hanna SR. Urban modeling of inert substances. Morris A, Barras R, eds. Air Quality Meteorology and Atmospheric Ozone; ASTM STP 653. Am Soc for Testing and Mat 1978:262-275.

39. Hanna SR. Some statistics of Lagrangian and Eulerian wind fluctuations. J AppI Met 1979; 18:518-525.

40. Hanna SR. Measured turbulence in complex terrain near the TVA Widows Creek, Alabama Steam Plant. Atmos Environ 1980; 14:401-408.

41. Hanna SR. Lagrangian and Eulerian time scale relations in the daytime boundary layer. J Appl Met 1981; 21:242-249.

42. Hanna SR. Diurnal variation of horizontal wind direction fluctuations in complex terrain at Geysers, CA. Bound Lay Meteorol 1981; 18:207-213.

43. Hanna SR. Applications in air pollution modeling. Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modeling. Boston: D. Reidel 1981:275-310.

44. Hanna SR, Briggs GA, Hosker RP. Handbook on Atmospheric Diffusion. DOE/TIC- 11223, Department of Energy 1982:102pp.

45. Hanna SR. Turbulent diffusion: Chimneys and cooling towers. Ch 10 In: Plate E,ed. Engineering Meteorology. Elsevier NY: 1982:429-480.

46. Hanna SR. Review of atmospheric diffusion models for regulatory applications. World Meteorological Organization Technical Note No 177, WMO No 581. Geneva, Switzerland: 1982.

47. Hanna SR. Natural variability of observed hourly SO 2 and CO concentrations in St. Louis. Atmos Environ

1982; 16:1435-1441.

48. Hanna SR. Review of Dense Gas Dispersion by Britter and Griffiths. Bull Am Met Soc 1983; 64:645.

49. Hanna SR. Lateral turbulence intensity and plume meandering during stable conditions. J Clim and Appl Meteorol 1983; 22:1424-1430.

50. Hanna SR, PaineRJ, Schulman LL. Overwater dispersion in coastal regions. Bound Lay Meteorol 1984; 30:389-411.

51. Hanna SR, Egan BA, Vaudo CJ, Curreri AJ. A complex terrain dispersion model for regulatory applications at the Westvaco Luke Mill. Atmos Environ 1984; 18:685-699,

52. Hanna SR. The exponential PDF and concentration fluctuations in smoke plumes. Boundary Layer Meteorology 1984; 29:361-376.

53. Hanna SR. Concentration fluctuations in a smoke plume. Atmos Environ 1984; 18:1091-1106.

54. Hanna SR. Atmospheric effects of energy generation. In: Randerson D, ed. Chapter 15 in Atmospheric Science and Power Production. DOE/TIC-27601, 1984:652-684.

55. Hanna SR. Air Pollution. Encyclopedia of Science and Technology: McGraw-Hill, 1984.

56. Hanna SR, Schulman LL, Paine RJPleim JE, Baer M. Development and evaluation of the Offshore and Coastal Diffusion Model. J Air Poll Control Assoc 1985; 35:1039-1047.

57. Hanna SR. Ground-level concentration fluctuations from a buoyant and a non-buoyant source within a laboratory convectively-mixed layer. Atmos Environ 1985; 19:1210-1212.

58. Hanna SR. Air quality modeling over short distances. In: Houghton D, Wiley, J and Sons, eds. Handbook of Applied

Meteorology. New York, 1985:712-743.

59. Schulman LL, Hanna SR. Evaluation of downwash modifications to the Industrial Source Complex (ISC) model. J Air Poll Control Assoc 1986; 36:258-264.

60. Hanna SR. Spectra of concentration fluctuations: The two time scales of a meandering plume. Atmos Environ 1986; 20:1131-1137.

61. Hanna SR. Lateral dispersion from tall stacks. J Clim and Appl Met 1986; 25:1426-1433.

62. Hanna SR, Paine RJ .Convective scaling applied to diffusion of buoyant plumes from tall stacks. Atmos Environ 1987; 21:2153-2160.

63. Hanna SR, Drivas PJ. Guidelines for the Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models. Published by CCPS/AIChE: 1987:178 pp.

64. Hanna SR. Reply to comments on lateral dispersion from tall stacks. J Clim and Appl Met 1987; 26:1781.

65. Hanna SR. The effect of line averaging on concentration fluctuations. Boundary Layer Meteorology 1987; 40:329-338.

66. Hanna SR. An empirical formula for the height of the coastal internal boundary layer. Boundary Layer Meteorology 1987; 40:205-207.

67. Hanna SR, Strimaitis DG. Workbook of Test Cases for Vapor Cloud Source Emission and Dispersion Models: CCPS/AIChE, 1988; 103 pp.

68. Hanna SR. Air quality model evaluation and uncertainty. J Air Poll Control Assoc 1988; 38:406-412.

69. Hanna SR, Paine RJ. Hybrid Plume Dispersion Model (HPDM) development and evaluation. J Appl. Met 1989; 28:206-224.

70. Hanna SR, Insley EM. Time series analyses of concentration and wind fluctuations. Boundary Layer Meteorology 1989; 47:131-147.

71. Hanna SR. Confidence limits for air quality models, as estimated by bootstrap and jackknife resampling methods. Atmos Environ 1989; 23:1385-1395.

72. Hanna SR. Plume dispersion and concentration fluctuations in the atmosphere. In: Cheremisinoff, ed. Encyclopedia of Environmental Control Technology, Chapter 14, Volume 2. Air Pollution Control, Gulf Publishing Co, Houston:

1989:547-582.

73. Hanna SR, Strimaitis DG. Rugged terrain effects on diffusion. Blumen, ed. In: Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain, Meteorological Monographs Series, AMS, 45 Beacon St, Boston: 1990:Chapter 6.

74. Hanna SR. Lateral dispersion in light-wind stable conditions. I1Nuovo Cimento 1990; 13:889-894.

75. Hanna SR, Chang JC, Strimaitis DG. Uncertainties in source emission rate estimates using dispersion models. Atmos Environ 1990; 24A:2971-2980.

76. Hanna SR, Strimaitis DG, ChangJC. Evaluation of 14 hazardous gas models with ammonia and hydrogen fluoride field data. J Hazardous Materials 1991; 26:127-158.

77. Hanna SR. Characteristics of ozone episodes during SCCCAMP- 1985. J Appl Met 1991; 30:511-533.

78. Hanna SR, Strimaitis DG, Scire JS, Moore GE, Kessler RC. Overview of results of analysis of data from the South Central Coast Cooperative Aerometric Monitoring Program (SCCCAMP). J Appl Met 1991; 30: 511-533.

79. Schulman LL, Hanna SR. A decision system for selecting a site-specific air quality dispersion model. Ecological Modelling 1992; 64:205-219.

80. Hanna SR, Chatwin P, Chikhliwala E, Londergan R, Spicer T, Weil J. Results from the Model Evaluation Panel. Plant Operations Progress 1992; 11(1):2-5.

81. Hanna SR, Chang JC. Boundary layer parameterizations for applied dispersion modeling over urban areas. Bound Lay Meteorol 1992; 58:229-259.

82. Hanna SR, Chang JC. Representativeness of wind measurements on a mesoscale grid with station separations of 312 m to 10000 m. Bound Lay Meteorol 1992; 60:309-324.

83. Hanna SR, Chang JC, Strimaitis DG. Hazardous gas model evaluation with field observations. Atmos Environ 1993; 27A:2265-2285.

84. Hanna SR, Drivas PJ. Modeling VOC emissions and air concentrations from the Exxon Valdez oil spill. J Air and Waste Management Assoc 1993; 43:298-309.

85. Hanna SR, Chang JC. Hybrid Plume Dispersion Model (HPDM) improvements and testing at three field sites. Atmos Environ 1993; 27A: 1491-1508.

86. Hanna SR. Uncertainties in air quality model predictions. Bound Lay Meteorol 1993; 62:3-20.

87. Wolfe DA, Hameedi MJ, Gait JA, Watabayashi G, Short J, O'Clair C, Rice S, Michel J, Payne JR, Braddock J, Hanna SR, Sale D. Fate of oil spilled from the T/V Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Environ Sci and Tech 1994; 28:560A-569A.

88. Hansen DA, Dennis RL, Ebel A, Hanna SR, Kaye J, Thuillier R. The quest for an advanced regional air quality model. Environ Sci and Tech 1994; 28:70A-77A.

89. Hanna SR. Mesoscale meteorological model evaluation techniques, with emphasis on needs of air quality models. In: Pearce R, Pielke R, eds. Chapter in Aspects of Mesoscale Modeling. Meteorological Monographs Series No. 47, AMS, 45 Beacon Street, Boston. 1994.

90. Hanna SR. Hazardous gas model evaluations. Is an equitable comparison possible? J Loss Prey in the Process Ind

1994; 7:133-138.

9 t. Hanna SR, Chang JC, Strimaitis DG. Reply to discussion by J. Davies and D. Heinold et al. on hazardous gas model evaluation with field observations. Atmos Environ 1995; 29:455-460.

92. Hanna SR, Chang JC. Relations between meteorology and ozone in the Lake Michigan region. J Appl Met 1995; 34:670-678.

93. Hanna SR, Chang JC. Comparisons of the Hybrid Plume Dispersion Model (HPDM) with observations at the Kincaid Power Plant. Int J Environ and Pollution 1995; 5:4-6, 323-330.

94. Hanna SR, Fernau ME, Moore GE. Evaluation of photochemical grid models (UAM-IV, UAM-V, and the ROM/UAM-IV Couple) using data from the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS). Atmos Environ 1996; 30:3265:3279.

95. Hanna SR, Drivas PJ, Chang JC. Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models. 345 East 47th St., New York: AIChE/CCPS. 1996:285 pages

96. Hanna SR, Chang JC, Zhang JX. Modeling accidental releases to the atmosphere of a dense reactive chemical (uranium hexafluoride). Atmos Environ 1997; 31:901-908,

97. Hanna SR, Chang JC, Fernau ME. Monte Carlo estimates of uncertainties in predictions by a photochemical grid model (UAM-IV) due to uncertainties in input variables. Atmos Environ 1998; 32:3619-3628.

98. Hanna SR, Briggs GA, Chang JC. Lift-off of buoyant plumes released at ground-level. Journal of Hazardous Materials 1998; 59:123-130.

99. Hanna SR, Davis JM. Use of Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis to evaluate differences in observed and predicted ozone concentrations. Int J Environ and Poll. 1999.

100. Hanna SR, Egan BA, Purdum J, Wagler J. Evaluation of the ADMS, AERMOD, and ISC3 Dispersion Models with the OPTEX, Duke Forest, Kincaid, Indianapolis, and Lovett Field Data Sets. Int J Environ and Poll 1999.

101. Hanna SR, Yang R, Yin X. Evaluations of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models from the point of view of inputs required by atmospheric dispersion models. Int J Environ, and Poll 2000; 14:98-105.

102. Hanna SR, Franzese P. Along wind dispersion - a simple similarity formula compared with observations at 13 field sites and in one wind tunnel. J App] Meteorol 2000; 39:1700-1714.

103. Hanna SR, Lu Z, Frey HC, Wheeler N, Vukovich J, Arumachalam S, Fernau M. Uncertainties in predicted ozone concentration due to input uncertainties for the UAM-V photochemical grid model applied to the July 1995 OTAG domain. Atmos Environ 2001; 35:891-903.

104. Briggs GA, Britter RE, Hanna SR, Havens JA, Robins AG, Snyder WH. Dense gas vertical diffusion over rough surfaces:

results of wind-tunnel studies. Atmos Environ 2001; 35:2265-2284.

105. Hanna SR, Chang JC. Kit Fox dense gas dispersion field experiments and HEGADAS model testing. Atmos Environ 2001; 35:2231-2242.

106. Hanna SR, Steinberg KW. Overview of Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) dense gas dispersion modeling project. Atmos Environ 2001; 35:2223-2230.

107. Hanna SR, Yang R. Evaluations of mesoscale model predictions of near-surface winds, temperature gradients, and mixing depths. J Appi Meteorol 2001; 40:1095-1104.

108. Hanna SR, Davis JM. Evaluation of photochemical grid models using estimates of concentration probability distributions. Atmos Environ 2002; 36:1793-1.798.

109. Hanna SR, Tehranian S, Carissimo B, Macdonald RW, Lohner R. Comparisons of model simulations with observations of mean flow and turbulence within simple obstacle arrays. Atmos Environ 2002; 36: 5067-5079.

110. Hanna SR and Britter RE. Wind Flow and Vapor Cloud Dispersionat Industrialand Urban Sites. ISBN No: 0-8169-0863-X, CCPS/AIChE. 3 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5901, 140 pages + CD-ROM 2002.

11. Chang JC, Franzese P, Chayantrakom K, Hanna SR. Evaluations of CALPUFF, HPAC, and VLSTRACK with two mesoscale field data sets. J Appl Meteorol 2003; 42: 453-466.

112. Britter RE, Hanna SR, Briggs GA, Robins AG. Short-range vertical dispersion from a ground-level source in a turbulent boundary layer. Atmos Environ 2003; 37: 3885-3894.

113. Song CH, Chen G, Hanna SR, Crawefor J., Davis DD. Dispersion and chemical evolution of ship plumes in the marine boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res. 2003; 108 (D4): 4143-4153.

114. Britter RE and Hanna SR. Flow and dispersion in urban areas. Ann Rev of Fluid Mech 35, 469-496. 2003.

115. Dabberdt W, Carroll M, Baumgardner D, Carmichael G, Cohen R, Dye T, Ellis J, Grell G, Grimmond S, Hanna S, Irwin J, Lamb B, Madronich S, McQueen J, Meagher J, Odman T, Pleim J, Schmid HP, Westphal D. Meteorological research needs for improved air quality forecasting. Bull Amer Meteorol Soc 2004; 85 (4): 563-586.

116. Hanna SR, Britter RE and Franzese P. A baseline urban dispersion model evaluated with Salt Lake City and Los Angeles Tracer data. Atmos Environ 37, 5069-5082. 2003 117. Chang JC and Hanna SR. Air quality model performance. To appear in Meteorol and Atmos Physics 2003 118. Lehmann E, Franzese P and Hanna S. Transport and dispersion models for emergency response: User needs and requirements. Submitted to Bull Amer Meteorol Soc 2004 119. Chang JC, Hanna SR, Boybeyi Z and Franzese P. Use of Salt Lake City Urban 2000 Data to evaluate the Urban-HPAC model. Submitted to J. Appl. Meteorol. 2004 120. Hanna SR, Hansen OR and Dharmavaram S. FLACS air quality CFD model performance evaluation with Kit Fox, MUST, Prairie Grass, and EMU observations. Submitted to Atmos. Environ. 2004.

121. Hanna SR, Wilkinson J, Russell AG, Vukovich J and Hansen DA. Monte Carlo estimation of uncertainties in BEIS3 emission outputs and their effects on uncertainties in Chemical Transport Model predictions. Submitted to J. Geophys.

Res. 2004.