ML090680766

Comment (2) of Mary Osborn Opposing Nrc'S Draft Environmental Report for Three Mile Island License Renewal Application

ML090680766
Person / Time
Site:	Three Mile Island
Issue date:	02/27/2009
From:	Osborn M - No Known Affiliation
To:	Rulemaking, Directives, and Editing Branch
References
NUREG-1437
Download: ML090680766 (32)

Text

UNITED STATES COMMISSION NUCLEAR REGULATORY D.C. 20555-00.o WASHINGTON, F::

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Harrisburg, PA 17111,

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FRmerS Ridicule NRC An M a),1

/ ApkN'NAMOSKI Probl s Note Witer not going to stop."

- ,-e, who has studied farm Some farmers 'Mid

- *,j.':nd nnmal problems Inthe they found more animalheald.

area since 1976, says lliree during te nucleartplant's problefs "din'd ay in ofthe U.S. Nuclear Regulatory reacontironina normal operation than after-the acci-

-, "t. 'tH~eleased dcnt.

animal *t-ud,, . They are conccrnied About Ný*,C conicluded-in its ,:.-: the possible restart of study thatnriindecenlsd , . .:undamaged reactor. ThilUnA, I, the qg2P& i~ diseaes"-J ohe restart wll be dcbated 4eýA

- not radiation fromn r010ifotlths In hearings tor three or furr tr h moI likl casOfaimlhat the .March 1979 nuclear Weore the, federal. Atoutlc roks Lljccnsing Boa-rd. Sk~ety and' RC dt!'id not ace any'of hy put It into operation

IooA samples." Lee the animals. They had again, we'll "iz *iM3ed that the federalagency said. no tissue and trouble probably hAe themsme with our animals," maid

'copied down whatI had then A disability among Charles Conley, an Etters farmer,

• dd..;~xplain it away. accidcnt steers.

They~talked to the i~epartrnent health problem. Lee seems to be the most of-,aid there were no ofAgricul- said they all had common pre-

-O-tertc~d :Agriculture problems (with farm animals). waterlogged bones, and muscle deficiencies. "multiple fractures, whohaks conslitently covered They they Just can't They get. down, and

. up every- others lingered per up." All died, home within a few

-T564,Collins, dtputy for several months. days, while director of the NRC Conley lost three of eIa.rný Office.in Middlelown Thrte Mile Island theftour steers he owned. Vance said d he hAd no comment of Etters,losthfive steers, Fisher, also

' r_itcium of the study. to make with fourof them dying lie added that he had on accident. before the nuclear

• -ftA- .ýv.wasmade by N1RCstaff no part In

• sai d the NRC "doesn't menibers from Washington, It and Fisher, whi Is Conley's brother-in-law, said he

." i-ned for35 to 60 explain D.C. five fanners in' dit Etters knovwsof at least years suddenly how come the farmers who become sloppytarmcrs the crippling condition.- area who each lost four to five steer,.to bqr ne-.the animal and Fisher has lived In

. c-a problems .are just within the area for 50 years, TMi." . a five- to 20-mile both and Conley for,67, and say they never saw this

. .idthe study`Is full .. " Into operation. ailment among-steers e th.senebulousstacements until 'W went hly.! Iris It very very unstable 'i likciy, as far as any assurances At the farm where she lives, Lee documented ir'img t beiingaallright because of for five years-. She there's no way they can defines a problem as breeding problems i` s sMtudymincludes animal know.' a cow wO did notcooccive ta t'- normal operation problems that occurred durinRg after It was bred at least three times.

before the nuclear the They numbered seven

,-s aJter the aqident. accident as well as among 48 cows in 1975, Collins said, ý"We have in 1976, four among four among 44 cows

~e-~ -ia"iOn:

-i, pribrltohe ý accident," not made any 39 cows in 1977, six among 43 cowsn 19.78, Id and. he is rwot a*Are of any one (bred five timcs),amorg and

• th did.. Ie -blrig the farm In 45 cows in 1979.

eeg -"Reqprouction the year before

,oU a ','hs problemsahave increhnsd the accident, *Lee sid, I My-fa,Mown'ned by, heiliterhnd Ihcd and. worked. on an fa*in has been.in the nic rom 5 to 10 pece*t..:This.

. h-,o ishe'r. broiher-i*naw, dan family sice .the earlyr shebgan Aii.1976 to docinucnt animal problems iiid .federally and state inspected with a 17006s It"is, ann ,hj* *"bcuse

. I felt our farm had more Since the accident, "reproduction high rating."

s and 1sjt .. a(ccounts .. .s locked in than our share of cally. You should get 10-14 among ducks has fallen from the birth channel."

farms . before in a ne-sr. Now fouris the drasti-and after the accident, ducks do not have any most, and some Wzr e ventually Included her While farmers can duc,-in(s," she Se.-bi'.ncd deaths and 15 other TMI area farmers find no explaniation said.

healnth problems among who listed Lee and other area residents for many o(the problems, IEf Pthl&tTaý- their animals., chlorine discharge from attribute the steer disability TMI into the Susquehanna to the 1 ~ River when the

• ~ AIRY ARM7IN

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.1-4 3/4 By Chr is N For,- T-h eG-`eater'r yporCllmshei Photography ByyCarlos Richardson For The Vermont* Yankee Decomissioning Alliance TRADES ~ COUNCiL o I

j

4 C, - :p 4 IntroductionI~.:t'P*444<4 4 So etm in 1984,3/4 Uni #1o- 5 -ea tracos i ceue o completion.4' How mih hs,4444coe4ylbafce b h ecorspeec? aiypo regad, he ileIslad, acidnt t Thee s aluke a ragdy tat ~llnot e rpeaed pesu abl becase"the as earnd uclar fom ndusry tat ncient ow o peven suh mihap inthe ut r6 But nede rr~ly t no cie "icid nts- suh a TM inorde tofin reaon o far or o r halt an

>444, safety.,.4 Mildred, . yvn and-Ai. ,4 syc ar'Ž-sites bot reiet ofHisd le N wHa pshi T e live ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~

ahýthro ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~3S~444<4 teN a.-A rhied od hc prlesteC 4'4444dsacejo) i~etctlv

-Wihi two' mie of<. each'4 sistr> s ho e, th 64>4ga at Vermo tY ne ula P w n a of 98 M "ide also fame for a~4 tiewt e ubn ,ýebeleeieelteýosrcinJed co mu iy'as nH 1 cl".sý Hain ere in ak'eSj affars, Mided eve, or-hre4c nso-Selectm44 n' cont tow 4444- 4-ideyi,,>'< rattlxetiK

,. 9.4ý ejt'zL4" 77'AŽ.45 h n. prsnl foia b

.r~rgoa.y ok irt Somnetvimewe- ind 1984 abUnitj #1o ebokin 1150rmegawattnuarreactors I is scedththedusoieds wforll clos living bybsafctd he rectorse presence t 9 n Mclanypeopwer.

competio HoweIit) miht thossbeconsqueesf

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interiwwt idedZwa~P~ ý;-il A'k d3/4

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M.,-

kk when'Ver mont Yan'kee'r-was ,Ands we went. Andhe,.wast even there JHe"

,','v,"was atatfundrdraiser We "were really jtinsute

'.t f eightyears we ve-.been.here,:*' .. thinktthatthisman would takesixp time, Ihavelived in Hinsdae eall:.bUt., . ,.. and practicallyorder us to meetwit

-and thenn.::.o~t ;eve h e t here. .TS him on t he,

~e:- !.,

lif Il i-be 60 next montb~h: .:.* ,;!*.!:i:**,:;'p~ro6b.lem.r -

9 Director of ,Public Health' aynar i ;VermonptnjYankee. right now :?.:.'-

lieIwould 'asyabout,2rmil-es- theeas h wll:-as. Governor..ThOmsoh s Aid-ris. rightoutside the windowi ... Frederick Goode. They told yus-"Tfhe-r*'soling is north ,ofuisandjust on the :',to woryabout;.nothing...So IMasked ire How man-y people- have, ded.iwiw,-'are h suspect thatVero-nt,:Yankee-s . "p,,ercentages.- in' Hinsdale .versusthe rest of the'

'ingsom**kind "tate ofeffecton the irom can eer" He. told us :thle *uh 9h igher percentage-rate of deaths' fr cancer in'

,that so.many" people ar und" ,.iCheshiere Countydhanthe rest o e state.So 1 cancer all oa's"udden It saidr,.-'.We re only interestesd .,in 7'*w

• o'

.- , ',."

Hin~sdalerand Wihdhesterr. fmal..

- -Cal6 -Theh,..

pQecent;ag of Cheshire.

t ng.IKeibnigan .Couty.

6t,

.. -

.['a*g*e.:, owns,,  :*:!. ,;i

,'it seemed that :-sections. of -n onyhvn er~ othe -agetows--

J f iy igiercaisjp W., l*- y'bf 6rak, it-dowbn. by/-ton-,9. H ale-4e'r eýWbc ,betoo and :Winhehster.1-Firbtagainst th~e count hen dlheard'from' a .- ag*aist.the;state*and then irt*.thecointry9.

.(name withheld)-that thyroid "A "d "he said., "Oh, yes," -- h'- \6e uld,*'get that "was. of epidemic 'proportionsrin this

ý~ace,i done:d But. they haven't yethcome up w t

>7localit'y, and 'tha't People -wer~e,-,gttihqg leu6kerhia'. informhation.

,Also-niri als -. Whoever ".Governor Thomson came through " Hinsdale

'bone cance r

"

'and

->'.

ard of an anima ii'dying of cancer? But all ofa-

'h.*, later, when he was running: for governor agaih.-

sudnyu- wouil d hear,. Somebody would take 'And he:said, "Well, Mildred, are you still-having their. doig -or. -cat-, to the vet, and find that it had.. .  :.. trouble -with cancer in Hinsdale?" Ana:I siai, l

,.:.,,eukemia I:!:t

,was>-mind"'-bioggli, g-andryou. would. Moreso than ever." He said, "Oh, you worry too

- -. start~wondce ring',ý, iell how come? mch." And that's all it ever amounted to.-: But-by

'u.

Chris:ý Ca o a hen this' 'startd, happ~ehing? then, things were really beginning: to -show up.

Mildreld :- ,It startedicqabout.;si years ago... Cattle Were aborting, and later on it got to the point Chris: .' Sik$years ago wou Id make it-1975, or thereabouts. that a 'lot of calves were being born deformed.

Mildred.:-Ye's:. .So the S ele..t.en.frbm Hinsdale and ,Before the atomic plant, it was a rare thing for Wihch*e ste talked' :this.over. .-We didn't like what peb*ple to have cancer. Even after the atomic

.was,:going on an d wanted. some answers. We plant was built... it's a gradual .thing that's contacted Governqor Thomson, and made an increasing all the time.

appointment. Anid all. of a, sudden, we were We tried - - the Town Clerk and I - -to go almostordered-t o go on the day he specified, through the deaths, because she herself has had

-'.. ancer. Itbecame a -curiosityto see if we could Mildred-., They-deny it.-- Theykeep'their mouths shut. 3They ".

determine. the deaths in . insda e-- and their.. know., 'som'etningls).ýýWeonhlqujte. 4 onPsa causes; from say *ten years prior to thepatomic*

., an- . in. n.. ..f.h"e' S"tiate' closes theni d6own, -i* o!s

. lat up to, p ithepresent.- time.,.,ut deaths are'j writtehnup. imedical terms and neither one of us; lifeinth,,!er~ ~be th'ey ,_~h yi6 -0

,.,:.can. read. the Ja r Ci hesas gicomeupor'youi

the.,laIfe a

Chrs Bt an Increase, an~60' thatseems strange: .ears, wg

-;cancer ;-is evident. 1~'-Mildred- I remember corn that, was growing over here IMildre*d: , ThI doct ffies,

,t-obcm who, 'madej ulc_6uiIa ths -very statements leaves wereall blacknd ;the reue t eo '~~~~ aotit'ý ifayone goes,< fuzz-, nur-eighborsjust south ,of us-iad-it~ a lot-u' tohim "and assh -bu~ . utsaehs "'b rt . ,t,sd d t bad-

• . ea ndnt eput ori thelspot.l ý,He seems to, mthatno s.oneh.e' ha know that ti is, what'sh btn bcdy .Kseen77 ~

'.,~ ýre. 7 s~ 7

.Ywantsto:: be':ut , ~ it' ~ ci tha hapn to, the, con de6fe6 nd the0ir positi~onth~r.,':oV o,,d6o pro~ve it?. ~ Mildred -'

2Th'

~ ~t~lovrheeasAnd aý '7'.,.7'A u~7'ui-&46.-.47*.ea.

thenj

keteowii4tasý,hh in e farm ~.-

7Ainstead,`c! in rp te~e asr f otms Sta ou 91see. aqoss riA h hukin hr~ okrnals -4..... We u,.sed to-

.,sale; and. a'-loa Vriiiaian .put a do.(wn paymenit .. see'.thdtF'Oce ih r Ii irattw hilo, "ýbU't ýýdit was a lot

4 7 _"~rahrf~ -than-i s.o'- -

'~'",,ja~ejromfrmr thtaehvn uruble:because' r

' Vprobl~eins:.th S f:-ihe atomic plant. 'A.nd he with.few his*dOn

ýpayment. chdedi'of cocrý 'vetkddwith o.ne woni~an, that~

Chris: `:eBe'fore'"4 we go yu on, .are- ;thereany.

spcifji .V-i.-,r:"k'*: wor~ o the shop withm*ea*me (n'i-¢.2sa w ih.d)'.

Mildred: ,Well!- my,.siiflr, Anni* Fb"*ic :am ha gt

,

~ ~ :'.:£;fl*m r~hmh :'hIin:.. 'at* . i}ii'b*)!:iJ**: cancer. and- 6u - .he'ge.-

-;

b'~teroad 'and I~'~ 'r?&h~ats,:happenedto'b-h'. *mention .. that

because w.e-ja ha.* a ii, 'th.atdie.f,..:- .. '.I cattle.e. thisweek rmcne se iftatTd" Chris. So. tel...uch.asyou want ,*toeabob"tit yb',ur te yý;l heard 'e and ,she i -ib aAnd si h  :-..

sJisters- p.ace, wt,,ah W. ,n !ds Ifthe.S -ti--

-Iveherdthat ýthey otaýZhers.iuagn

`ha`p'pened" - problems; mainlyý with "cow's? itheclmu 7 n-facýt"thdý-ey re*,iinervi ewe'-by-Mildred ;.e, ad. cats ..'t*te yVe.hapnd & o, tof re*ebarnc '.. .so.me..

, newsvpape-r -and' he rn i anw%7r wee'dig-allove h lc Now a ilot of them S. . vehemently denied- that therewaseany problemin

'a're,'brn; one, eyed. So'me ofthe calves were born Vernon"ronitic ". think it's thaefwithi** n anytethe'had

-- thatý'Were n-"ot right Ni~ MoKAst -of, them:.~i passed away witht oicer Again soie were' bor dead and de~formed She s'fam,, ' OYý7,;'* c a.t4he:*iii::

i y-town up. Vernonti5petrfe ad some. ~ ;eeo

. hernlife We had, a, farmthat]

-. u we -we*re bcrou htosp u the r l. nts are slowly`mov*-`b inJg obeut. ýnTh area

'on*-armihg*w:as-' othing new. to herT.hisas p"eoplewho*ý will notwvisitlatives thatl ia n

'8i7~ hi _'ht~a never n~a rie'ddib7 her'b~fdre. ' V'"erntoneutheywnd th-wntto knge thabout frclose"

~~O dlbs:a~e*Z2 ydJ'kbov,.a7cv would&lose 77'. tothe ý tatomic4 p'lant if, a,: butnot",1ik6..*they had<,7 'C 'ri 7" 1J~o ,7 7h7' 7' 7177h-7

~'cues foreyour concernabu Vemn Y0,~e TMildred:

' .'."I uca'n stime theres been ashodaway thoey'l

' pivae tatit ~was, that,. ýdamnedatomic: imme iately say itrwas notemiuhl tCoteinda gers

, .plant.buttheywouldnot admit't*i'npubcic Y0.u 'anyonmeth at it was below the olevewand soforth.

could contac anyý of the-vets.*iand"tlhe' 2 would not '.Whratthe, majority of poleae o aware. oJ.' is,

'go. oin record 'that'rho*matter how--smal 1he r~leaseý if it dot into, Finaally II "i. ser. aeh nd'ed' hf'the State:,of  :. '.' ",'Baefor your 's-ystemh"firta:@}hh.i itWs, the~re`pe'rm'anently" hnave! It's-hot going'

• titheeirbee'acyaohrd?

New Hampshire come down to.'look-atwh twat.s' 'to'g'o'awayi Itýstays th ere 5.0b any time -there's: a h appehing, an d'corme up with 'a reasohnfor allI'of-it._ . reesand -anyone. has, goptten- it, --it, stays.I' When the'y did 'come they 'were so' be ligerent th~ereY'c. Itkeepsaddn -and adding.

"that:they.!thr~ef ed.toclos0eitlie fari .:-i heyýs'aid if - _Chris: I there 'anythiing else thtpeo'pleshudbawr

-was because*'*Uhsanitary- *bhditionhsand,*s.,forth_,:- of, that'do-now ýo~rýmay' some ay, be. living nearan thariy sisteir washaving all 'her tr'ouble' opeatngnulerpbbrplant?' Is there any -thing Now, 'the, iheOr dairy farmers around'ehere, "h"y 5e'that.O'U wo uIdW~fi h6m' to know about from Ie won't admit to, anything going w'ronig. But they're. "ý6ud own expp'i'rinc? - Fir'- people who might -

all.afraid!. Is the' State going to. come and.:cIose,-: ,ave to deal,~t~n 'h~ti hi backyard? .

themdown if:this becomes public knowledge that- Mildred:' -If.you ca'n' stop5 it,-stop it- Youwshould'always stop they're., having deformities and so forth? it. ' The 'd'ang'ers' from 'themh will continue years Chris: Are there any 'other dairy farmers who have .after tlhey're buried. If we can stop just one more.

spoken directly to you about any problems? from.,co'ming in, it will help the whole world.

Inter viewAhni.e. Fosty ',-

-

7 7t UU n n-... o wt f m.A c em t snike .b .. .. , s e to 0O e side '-of iteanyw.

ire right 'how? ,i w d altmie*tt the p ant:, rig.twacrosse Satomi*

rChrs- Wres that.you, notices. fir.st .'. .

it'ad*:* i~*ae~a*¢*"i* e!{*"*~ulci)st*"::.

' >hS'id{,easoft' a the-::: : '- :r' '.,.:- No,the' ln ::0Ah :*i v~iffe'roe~t~idesd-.1-ia lot- of'. things about t, .itlikefor~ t:..:

i,, ,.-,riverjtnat.tne win

-. Annhie %;,Ilt'isi *inaX direc..

rom* . ermontuYankee' atchies- N it'sd dola

,'o washand a dtcwhang ia l...wasro t.-erout.--ot there,-. .

le,-:

tlh:ý--The w,ýind 'usually blows-south- - bten'h ols and the- bari 1, had a-

' so, e-eat farm, the" n hisu ' hs...ine n l e them overnigh te, iquIckest

-C-hris§ "o- ln ha

• s tpl b'n, thi sidii:e pf'6rey,,,. -

,n...:eýJir1 n M ý'

sie,'.ý Wl-'b e iacd. qdt]::!6".,f~*r *e i :ý,w tks "fthe "

&enher dd fr 5 eas sme -be~a~ig tethat wasekind;,wa -f'a -;pqpand Ann...e .- OhT- w~leve bsi** atomcpahaei especially' th'dQwhit mateIawsalppprd

-,tirhewhenas**oeufirst suspectedathat - 'likes l w eithblack

.ou Cowuldt saytherelwere spoth

-you.:ewere fe.lice' m gMtle§mn* effes frm orntof' becbause sh waerso ve o Theiyet'wasdwjrestonepp ered; Long' ec-ue b,3efoer...

-Yankee~s.:op Oratio rin .ryou knowodustd le "

.'; Was.~

• Cb- is.:-!',::.,: .. *,here au hadobeeyrnyttings Oh fikeah'lAs, htok yer hfor

• 'in'he beginn in- Iu.-sed to hink itwasqqbuite p'retty .y so,'weyeha quite asot of problemsbwi te

.ymorningwhen I'd ge0t: uplfwitslike cows aefore clvs*

a.,big';mushrc c right -a" upthesre.reight up oVer.your gChreis:es Y.otuhahae oetat herd piobflmg'-ihcows'v shilkin D*naiked-itatad eyers.,.'. .en .r~, thi-os: k"iqs~ee.

-pla'eý- becau se;-theihssteam

.. ou:ive you Iil:eyr;w&

kHrnow was r .perfgi'tle Annie Woldrthem arising foreshsmlWb elliste thapened thooem*-aunicet toin

..wel .ý,whate-v r m,I' n' i was steam

.the -is: LHot big y rs herd say, seven iears agot?,

becnomino up in-rheeast, andwoua Annie: Aboutn w70s,abo. 40 milking"nThe. others' were hit t,`ha8t':and it-woulnwdtea leuya pretty' sght teoand yo ung stok. e

,thOlugh t- ,gee ;dt1enhaty, waspeitoe Now,e. okind Ch they wrer-a ll healthywe "wish ei everyg said ith ut. you lotif bknow, An nieyO r knehadag place we fedthem, outinge djust Itopand look you'd see- tafi 'b Acoftebr- We'd iput them ot tfed Out

-ma7fjsV ' e igr,p~ushe riryh~W a t~eAdif there was snodw ýon the'gruqn'd, you

• i--maple ,,treesrI righ ov rint f&t'of the hueWe: - wol see th ýsnow lust peppIered up, just like my i~l~tio'yersclothes-were...

ase dwnin And~th cws-,walked in that; and Th.l~ey...we re -p Arrfia-s,notice &'fcty 6 fse9 eath~ isswronntaonehn

-t'heir yor hooves attle? s'tartedl, with. h6of rot:- between the jtIIIIk ..were,- old, bu5t- thjwere perfe'ctly- hooves wduld get sore; with blisters;,they'd drain,

.'healthy.utito. .the las8t- couple,.of:ýypýars.I ýNow I'm

:::beginn5ing, smell. We had one' cow, :we dlidn'tý sell. her

.'notice, the,,ýy oun40es g out'in front of because she was old. They.et had workedl on her

. thei: barn..,V /ev gtone lr~dy gt o om feet so ma ny:timnes that finally he took one half of 1dow'n this ýye ar - - * 'her h'oof right off - -it was_ 'oing up the bone! We Chris So they're qcO~ming down--be'fb -1 " -irne got that 'before ts~a'fite.u h e.W Annie Oh yeah",:: be

'c~s~h6 ear'the, young trees -that 'had others that had p'blems with'their hooves.

- we-plný:t ieesincethis-thiiig:-has*started. Chris: How long ago did' you 'first-notice that you were Chris: -What happer is to -th&trees?, .What do they- look having an abnormal number of, problems with

- .likeR when yod ufirst-,notice thtsmtigis, wrong your cattle?

_. . with them?. . -- Annie: Last five years or so.. And as it started, it kept Annie: Th* ieaves'b egin to turn. -Thej don't grow as big getting worse, and, we- kept. noticing that it was

- .. as .[they-daid.

Yuknow, th'e leaves 'used. to be *worse and worse. We had-a fenced-iný space for great'big. Ar'id- then they begin'to get yellow and the first-calf' hei fers -'ithey were outside all year Scurled up anc Jdrying, and the branches get brittle, round. And you know,. some of them wouid get and. the next thing you know, you got a tree sitting

burhes on their backs, aind we' thougtat first ught referredý to th posble' lin k' betweee the Fos h'.ostyc 'R ýs, '

,maybe'.it '.w.as ring 7worrmy 'It WbUld'be',iike a war~tbow pr m i,-rxm teir bsclee~pin bac .the size of a qluarter or~so - and we

-k' "Th at'5s*a ~ shud't-b.Iw

- .,,thou6ght -that mye,,it was- te ýweather. And then Scientifically',-^of course. F, coujldn t- prov'e it itt,ýutir'ý ' \-f we.-,ott tem it ,,an'd'theyd feshen, they, wouldn~'t 7 Kenoughý,h fa-qetn ý.,qusb.. in -my- mind. concerning. Verhot-

-atlike -theyýwer-e-a;'ll,ýright -ýThey dprance6 a~nd,- .an kes n--hebstycks(.trobubles-t e;,. athaLctiIý thi feohrdte We.hdalto shoud~deinitiely ,be.,invetgtd ,

~Chis~:Ok~

tey oul s prnc inothr ~ e'en ,here since 19032"fifty ryears ýago -A d go thy oldb nrou o thi ,et hat wol ( 'rj od Pwdhdthose ,; problemswe efrt be sin g .t'oq`youjha~ft' th~ey ýv e ha stre we neverng be werew r oa-itn ~~

ohe t sinsdid y~ou-qnotice-, i~itheirrbehavior tha t aebeen, ablet~aei Id -th'ey,-weren1t- w lastth Sv ýrld Say,~. s been e~y.~

~-nnie Mp'ey;:v 1S6?i~bFth ýfd~e ý-,f ou 'ouh'-t'got to be--ooW-muchior~usz with-usetn- -

_,,rmWbjyuk hyNee' 'sold our cows~in peme. --

- ý be'~ad I' 12, heifers~lift'-~~

--Chrs----Tebll- me-ýabout ".,lout or'in. Cw that are in)the 4 J' ~' kio'(yhasomntako eadl<i-b a~rm~'nýa lotf the, timne will sho'w you that they wan)t~ ~ ~ ~ m gtting, so sick of it~b'cý!ause it s,.

to getgat- thygte by puhn ~ ~ n aut u" goodcyo knw; Theyyve-dod-caara

.

_'-ni >,pptdorn But, itbd,4 after-a-hile-t6ey di youngo-thvert-herje i n't ce if they-' 'b"- tee"'- a'nd~f the eletctfric'rates 8re,- go'ing he[p out-yu.had togo.

t'a , .y~u-)g ý_ . ~ ~'up - an wat, do you get~or it., Nothing ýbuta adbingthem i 'he olr coninnthr'. >- -- h'd~h $6,000 milktakWye 1eutgt qw~- ou-ko te-jstddntc~6- m! c,n "'0 eagoniki b q'Pachint y o'avmleln We d~s Chris: ':HoW.,.a'bout food?.,: Would they lose their inters ~ ;o-ikn qimn l o oi turte.switch-.

od'-frahl

?, n f orebc ~ ' - v--adstart ;a .'b ,,milking'ý-if --youyexgot anythiingtomil

- te esAd hydgivettem -thisadthydj

• everythijng: else, ýwe- could t do it

-:'givel them that rIt -really: got bdaothree years Chr'is...-... Are-o awr f any ther-'amr~i teae

-'go- "ehad tw vet wokn n rm-' h-hv-adroublessila-tyur7

- Bratteboo, Gerd - .,..,nan dn~rm'- Anrie -They've;-hadý-it--dw beoI -,the'farm. down~

Amherst,favidcmeill Fred:'-Hess.-,-HeS t~~ - a§ ~

wayrell n~a~ below (name withheld) He shad calves-.,thw~i r---

-- wy PHewasralwokn born `debad 1and.h'e !d thfro,w them ou -h" !d wit u- - - ~ K ~ -- -ay~dut'-thereýkinbacký of the barn.- Avwhoe:pilpof' -;

Chri~Asyou witnessed all these- pysical Tprob w~'ithi- -- ~-te-ysrn ie, y~u-~os -Iat'thi~et ad egswer,~je;- ~ ~ -,T-The n therestte :family over ýin Ve'rnon -whose aand ýwer& et;.Otfin -o-Th'bearing-- ~deformedt n-'~Cows-got ýr sb3/4 sick ,,but the bld man said--it,-wasn t calves and .so 'on'wadiyontcebut- -possible that he ýatomic,,plant was-doi git tothem,,

ther il podctin"----~-He, died of cancer: eventually anyway,,

Annie. Moto hmdopdYu've got to, expect that if - ->ý_.-~'>hre

,: 'There aplace

-,' up here in Wnhse thydnbat, and tJhe dont'ee~good;--y arher thy2o', f~ - -cross' ftrom: er e'shad alotof problems'"-,,

no ýgin o milk We had'one or two co'wstac >~- Y-'-n~e~enfgtn ttobtIgesh in

~ dropped-dowN6-to nothingq no..resu A--.

-Qhis->~Bceiitl~feshened,:-cows2

'-Ar~'~iYsAn in a~e,ý4 wgtri-esls'-gatr~f-l they eeeks wan to mention An r~sý:'attý')'d I`ý,ouple w eks teyd be, Annie bakto those.:sp'ec~ks.on -the- clothes 6Gttn

-dootonmik atf'al:.".-W'dV6get the vets up, here. My, sobn h; :e; had corri'down in1the mneado6w, by the ar~dcostheyd ou chckandtrea te the forriver When..he wý cti~i aei te-year, he -

this ;arnd treat themn for that. Dr:-Heýss over th'ere i'n ,,- - ntcd o fspcso helae t okda Amherst, he's "more.up on newer medications and.i-otha.alnonte.Hesi ht eoeh h'd; wor -onhm He. c~ame:,up three-or four ws hrug his windsh'iel was al :covered wkith times and-spent -maybe five, hours each. time -An tasufto they -had -blown off,the leaves. It's

.-histiaeheraily'he'd find-soriething~to'bring thir-. 'a' heebt o~~~~~~t~~fsbnakhf ofeitt ' -weu - w-htboicputting it there,- and",how it's~put.

- tey i~e antbitic oiheseheay wecoldntt hre;,- I don't knw.

shfip weutx:othat miek.- e, -nib t's- weCtddht hiris'; -is*here a'nytAhing els that yutinkipeo'ple should ti btr- . WW'ýd hav6*-t.idthrow t;be awr f who imight so'meday-l'ive. near. an (Dr. Hessihellbed the Fostycks cope With, abnor~riially ,high, - -operating, nuclear- power plant? --

.incidences of the following 'patholgiies.-. ,in---their, cows: Annie. What can-I-say? They'll have to wait and, see* and A-deformities,, M.iscarriagies, tumors, twisted ,stomnachs.' hoof, -find:otlk i!O, o' nw.--

rot, lethargy.,poor milk production; and,ýbr~eeding4~rpObiems_-. - Chi Hs-it bejen an' asse~t'to youlin-any way? -

He als'o-tre~ated their.'barn cats, many ,of,wh.ich have died Ann'ie: .No. -1haven't'got any privileges of lower rates or quite suddenly--in recerit~years after-exhibiting- soine odfthe. ---- anyth~ing.-

symptoms that have manifested, in the Fost'ck's cows.: 'Inva Chris: Well, thanks a lot, Annie.

phone conversation with Dr. Hess on January.31, 1982, he Annie: It's all right.

\' ,-'

PAgIOa

.4 4

.....

condlusiom ~-

It s gacce~pted- asfact by6alla of te nuaclear 1e rside contro earpower .plants..emit a~dioactivesubstances~ routinely ý,Iniclud'ed-on eve~ryone' litfteerdiistpssione11I 1'31) .A~ilthou g h .d*nnyiohe*iiacive 'elements'are also onntinually e dIqitedfoýcus heron-'.h -131 be'cauise it :eSknow its ttd*us hyrodid. ýcancer. :,.Iti:{ atifhd:"of ien;mulaes the "foodch'ainin' C1ow,'s

.. rml

.. !.1i k~j,as asw'bwells-ihk

ýý as.!h u a .atriik..A:frigihteingasuccession i bbIl then ....  : 113 o,'nýce .....

ntrob-du ced: dbw'w s my ilI k confaminat'edr,"w~ith 1-1`81 h., d b ms I.-rOnk ot:

nlyto in~t~ fiohes'hyri~,ed belod utalso~ll~,~i2~1t~'ep~assed hrdugh~e .niýtothe'-

ursinu g infant wH. because of%,his§"orher rapidy ivid ingrcel"ls is"many.....- ti..mes susc'e ,tibleo*t .

iadtion induceda. ca:hcere than th,-e-mother. And* thissays nti aotheeffect o the -d  ;, its ffspri*n*g!'.,br.ý ny, i ;elife,'iforim-sAhat.:eortbutedt the ion of 1

_:` t(w' i:`'l-ith ntable fr m ethIuce x r of_. ý,,jroutine*ly carried "by the wind to(." to h Gould" thet i.unts in* y yetidis2)

Fo)styck a the r:est`--f Hin'sdaleo fromrathe n a p r p, eip iver, r vn be qlinhked tot he o#styckfaiJrm animraIs'.:iabnor.maitHes te aHinsdalgs butbreakof thyroid*ca**c*er,- ided Zywna'S

,pecific~ ~ ~ h ~ la~ustry..&,c codmaino 9, aim? "--no, anger to the hublic" is§,p.~tdby; many,- .pom inent s'`,sietists;- D.'H ein*ehe n1.dicot,:ieinet ped atrician teacher,,and adoat.otvorfd.*-

1' art nament slys If you glet ttleeam buttsffred ati er rji1etime,itsapppro'ximate lythe'same.

3seting on'*,e large doseaton:ce: . Inoýth erwords,;it's ,,cumeulativebthe effetsaddtive"' iCtldott Dr.

Sointsouit:th*ehazardfrom 'even-asnglesmall dose-.: .

4 W"hethernatural or humami-made,- al radiation is"dangerous There isno .safe. amount of radioataive .

'materia oýr dose of radldti. Why? Because, by virtueofol e nature of t1 ebibological"damage dondeby ra'diation, it takes only"ohe 'radio~active atonin  : lland he*geneto"hitiate the ý'cancer'or, utation 4

q , ,. . Any "4ycie. . exposure-ad1all

. ex.pos..

.*. u.re.

.. -.- . , therefore iii"--,v:::*.,", ' ,y. constitut~s -a...serious..*a'ie withthe .*, ,,mechanisins 'of .Iife. . .

Footnotes . -- 2.: 'Malfunctions' and bOher iFac'ts.on'the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power 1.i:"'Radiation Alert Fact Sheet,"' published by. Environmental Policy' 'Plant' at .Vernomn,* Oublished. by, vermont Public. Interest- Research Insijtute, 3.17 'Pennsylvania Ave., SE., Washington, D.C., 20003. It- Group, 26 State St;.-Montpelie'r, Vermont 05602. It cites-five knbwn

• gives a partial list of nine radio-isotopes routinely, emitted from nuclear ac-idental releases of radiation; all of which could and probably did 13 1 power plants. include 1- ,r between August, 1973, and March, 1979.

This information. Was. corroborated by the Nuclear Regulatory 3. From "At the Cr6ssroads," New Age Magazine, December 1977, Commission in a phone conversation on February 1, 1982 with their p-ublished by New Age Communications, Inc.,. 244 Brighton Ave.,

office in Bethesda, Maryland. (301-492-7000). AlIston,. Mass.- 02134.

Routine emissions of 1-131 by Vermont Yankee was verified by Steve 4. pp. 34-5, Nucleai":Madniess,' What You Can Dol, by Dr. Helen St011; Di rector of Communications at the Vernon plant, in a phone Caldicott,- p.ublished 'by:Autumn Press, Inc., 23 Dwight St., Brookline, conversation on February 12, 1982. Mass. 02146, 1978.

AfOv6pe 4 6.co capi

.. . t ,bff ort`J§s.,n ow

.-Stat'e,.:o f ew ..:,

~lbr

. ,ha H e uatl)D UPDATE> une.- 1982Xtstt *b eatisiq y-.o* u s a ta et e~ ~ d l~ tor.-s wie,,:

epa,s,rlm M e~nt',*A. :1. -8is a ta

. *a:

r- er a avqala l~~ mob 5 nudy.*

ont'::. , *d! t~~ * ,., 'I'.:

whili k~ce s h -,'h ., e. ,- 1970-'78 '

S milar.reser.ch. isnow beinqcqr-ed,.-out .in,.flMe',areaa4surr~onding1/2'the.,Main Yaný,e9, n 1cAqfro1/2'p,ia~~y

'>'her accdObingrtoa%.'Eps'tyn Gldbe.Vrepobrt' Jcd 19 bdhave b been &ausedd by.un~p

.a. keii. 1973 anid 1974."' T te'r-ti th "glY, ths~~eractor typethmat is being: %sta~ll'e (Pt" I' 44 .AA ~ 11 VA.

'271"' ~'I'444. ItIt41(P*,1.tttŽI4~Att>V4"~A.'4 AQ 'I

~'%.1"t9 44t1> ~Jf9I~ 4{'-4.-' ~

I ~ I ~"'~'

Cl IF~' kIt>' 444..,, 41~~l, 41~~ (1 ,t44~' ~%4.144j41.-.~,k &~~1> ..- ,..t:.44 Y1.4'%'1<...

4 44,..

4-w..1w.-1., 44., ~tf...4.4~lt1I1I4.~4(4.~k ..

~.. pA > ,4.%'~'~'.v 1.-k1 9%~4Pl.-.4~ rr,,

41~'

..-

C 4. 4~ .IA14,?~%N, 14 ,~4(P44.S-% A~1* S'-4"...'

, ~.. .~

-At 1

S.4 ~~1' 144 S, '.

P I ~" ""', 'C I i4,4,.?4$~4.>1 1 ' 4 .44,

... ....... ,,,-. '

• A .... .. , 41>4 "~

.1~'.

,......  : : . ,I '..

,> -::*, ,. .:. It"' '.1'4~9,I

A-D&c-ratePress z, ::ýAT LANT A" D ise~ase; and. deatih.-rate'shaeise akdyna the fedeiralýSaivan~nah Riveir nuclear faciitth AtlntaJounalanConstitution reported 'ý ,-!:,ý_

AlKTherfe haebeI5acdna releases of ,rad ioact ivity inqto-,the atimosph;ere si nce the I1950s, the newspaper ,said ciigaeprtb

-P th Eniomna oicInstitute of Was hingto a privaegru >-..

> ~~ ~ PatondbthEeryD Rie ~ ~ ~Th Saana i&b' rt rnn an oeated by EAI u d on e moiiurs';piroducesý a'll theweapn grd ltonu fr the nation~s nuclear armiilnd.ustry - ..

~A~EegyDpaten poema ai~esed a thtte 'gnyha no es4n6Lo he'report.

~~"~The'J rnl'- stitutionr noteta nJpeCoun yCYsuhes Aof he-fntdhhc&nb~ ln rm2'

'pr 100live bir'h l90to2 e Q9 ni 8 TheY~tfor~th'ei'tateiWas,38:.9 per:, 00 in 1950 arii' 15"&jper-A000'in:

> 1980 Fetal deaths-7in'Jasperi County increased;b 250 lpeicrd6ffb 1950 to 1980ý' whlhe state rat fell by morethan du r ing the same ,period .~

1I Iaff,' . ~,,~

~~~~~r~ Ga also southeast of the pIant-, th'eh- 'ies oefo 2 itm ~r10 0~epei 1;950 tbV776-1 per'100 000in 1980_ rarteý,nar{y' fiv-ie h the newspaper,'§aid.

'WAndinBurke Co~unity-Ga the iniec ofcne, 6~~46 ý9 per 10,0000pe6OT6:'irl950'to 2481 ~pr10000 &IObbinr' 1' A inreeGoPgi P'~ q8~fvfl cancei~aefrthtreodesthnobedfm;7se peTr;00popef

,g .

,Nuc-1ear pFowerofca dfeny cancernne,'i Deebef1r42 1979 'ý whth al nabnormaly igh"inraencne eths innegboring Cheshire C-Ounty'-NH,'

Nsreport responds to a std 'by Enosberg Fs,.,whih says there wasa i hcAnderdeat hss rom 190 -71too1977. 78 inthe Hamp` hire cutythat lies ust across h 5n

?r,, pw j~r ,q u . e ...' s aidt 23 eoss]*,th. ss from~ the polant :The cancer-rate :increase 'fo o.'.th",'-NewHa'--hir" '" utie sadMayer;;.was.2 ,'tay etw ecn~~ls ".t

[W~ritten by. plantsp okespersoni Stacey,*W*aer th;eorsy ,',The number.*7,*,,-'z:.of-. deats af:fosnal t

['**. .,,*.::j;::..flUctgrieat.and* d.tleinem

.f: -*¢ uations~too <.-.m;: fluendes

• . x,.,:% a ny**

too"**;"":4 ,: een.et Ver...t...... ce "ca

• .even .ifit wii~ ere' possib. le to d ie :fro m th i e se . p s ch a s o tt~i me '

A's~ 6W`S a& y ,,, "'t h*t 4.%@ e,.o,-

a, e'*'.

-' oo--m e-MsThel Weaer repor says.. ,on

• ase, calferyeo,-isthhn heb , .- ,, ,.

tder ,..!,

Jle)edm.trician drew., frightenigcnlso frm insufficeht 'data"'.,she said..... J"""

Ad ere, asbeenacgro*ignumberof can er deaths intheUSdurigte-pst 3.years M Wavcer oextentth

.attr*i~~b sthawtr tothe increaser Isfeuexpin a n agroig h um cops)di response) ofsuso

.;::iBudt

( s*he ?addel ¢,i"t'ati d'.. ancalo stici nsgh~ave wane tha iis*m tVY eaningf*les

_d. todaSy-astcs ondsro i. i'os ubr

::"'., lk hs t

'.hat~are~still wit'hin the expectedl margin of error! Tihe number V of datsissml irsmalle drarnat'ihdc:00 0otuataths a* 10k i ~h~f~re~the "The reportt s*ai hýe rdiatin, exposu'refrom Vrm-ont Yankee includingall the, ye rsNit has ben-ope ratig would not-beexpectedito produc ansi'ngl ie aselofrncer in thiscentuiry - I.

Th::7.:

fe pedia;tricia~n,

.statistics a rmerib'er Of Physicians d ating backntO1950,frnomthe for Nucleariedi* bdsponsi bility;;:said NewHampshire o S hle is st'!i!b vaiting to receive. "the bulk of My. pofintwalnttoblmVrmn Yankee.. *fo"rthe >peculiarity*o~f c~ancer deaths, ;Mayer;aid.-."lt*1doks~like'there

-.was, an un usual incr ease that's not oc curr.i~ng iln othber ar:*eas of*New Hamshre~~g I.;lt} s i mportantfto0 loo~kat~all possi ble

.coritributin gfactors." . ' .. /)  !.",' ,.. -:.:*  :". "" -:?. ' . " / : "

• Mayer said, "I'don'.t know.that anyonea lookedat thesei4igues Ief~re.That'sa little surprising."

MaYer saidhe planis tohaveithe datawyhen.vcoplte grexamined, furtherby expents in biologiOal statistics.

He saidhe did notlooktatdta for Franklin County,Mass., becauseprevailihg winds traveloeastward-from Vernon.

Dotr ife ~, 1 acn-c-,er fining

%By Thet~s~ae Prs  :,* . .'"' ~~ '3~ <

Ata faw er', er siismisseda'incrs l miacses near the*lMi"e p  ! s, ta st a an ss ,said Wednesday ':- ,:',*:' ý ý,r ;],

Ir ""

Yankee nuc lear "

DIriD B sdireco tt

,f3i a e ell. Paek.MemoriA sitteBf

,d "i .. an a rewmbconclusion.s inisMaetwer re tkite "**<icnitn -i':h"da conTtained elseawheyre9 ' * -"-s . .ý:,i

-. .. ', dyshwa..-..,,,

,,re .i.c-ea-:.

s hn-uke..nd.is theear y* VAs-;--bic increase;f* heal'thpoble Bross-st ateone released byit ,r'i

'. -

~~';TheMNRCamaig is r'eferendum proposal'bt'cl6 6~liWiscasset reactrn18 hprpsIyý.

esud,'~cse TheCO n.. o te incdnbf liemia cases inth seven counte

. ........... orrt c0ss t otepatbtenl99 o Whe..otey t, comp etedt e  !. ...

,studhep

'"

BuWllaD Ns~~idr~ector' Qbf.h'e' s'ta'te He+alth Bueau who ,eeased th-& 4 COGstudy',ac'all-e~d Bros assssmoent fsad-ed.edata,. ,oanrl..t

" ~B §s aid~hb,G Di t indicate d aA53"rped-rcen~t inraei he nuLmber o f] e ke'mpp duin teprod stujdiedrii 4statistic s comp iled.by.

rsand r n isagr teeon whethertthe incidence of leukemia rose abovetheiiationat oaverage o9 casesper 100i000 66!peopie' ' .. . " 4"0 - 4" re as starteda o 'uitwer than, the nattional a'erae; dfiasel d :atabot the 0. nadttiona

`6 J' I avTer"age WI " eTzh-Yh.~u&' ,

cardi,agnosin irease- i )-e Bu essa admnttlY.re ber thelatestncases becau*siethy::.aclkadequate.reor d kfeeping a

.systems and were forced to rel on saf ýmembrmeois

Hdpor tbeenekept recors the*casesi.dusirnig the'.fiastftviy*fce'wuemairnsofut~hestaiedV'wo'ldi have brouht (atdhe Inuber of ca.i,theht6Aav' ag early -in'the tdyS you wouldn~t have the apparentj rinces -'aid Nerseisia~n,;

He saidwas r6~ erely loki'ii' fthfigue's ,and ignoring _the way reco6rd room ar" et n;hefc ta physicians ,nrge sisiae roahearsk

• a .`.* .. . ..... ..  :

~~~icrae~m

• "*" .. .t ):q**nrae "d :man-rgui, X-0Ief

, Tlbs Ij rD Briss'conlusionsdt I-esieaved examýtViWeteýhji k~i,ed beemores aes'.,,,6 tan in tf;'ahaipplyroesay st,f but Mplylsdodnth't ie*d Ieemoud sb w lo 't hrue; "Hersersihnsaidescthe e -aa gntiorejhan.nDr Bross thec ieoff " aanalysis, d Brosssid taw 'esi: 'aysacdibleas Ss it-might

• go= -seem.A -

c oena*

s-i:*' *" .. e*'"':

Hedfth~e.Canceýr Branh at the -Center ,for.IDisese.' Cpto.md~h~aepit, 0

-'When th ar~gbest hosia et~has(al)dt 'MieMdca o~a e t te ihrdd' a ol~s es. -.wot ii.haeen rat r. of, c 0i~i!iiilii.';:*:'*:;:*:"-"* ..... fi :d p-.-omputerpzec othyasfrdioromhingý. th~en iyou re-sort o6f stuck -'said~rDr, ynCalwel 1 &Ai at recentfy~ea rs' convergec 6i 6-between bserved.,and expbecteýd cases.mayreflý!ect the increasin Cadelaree computerization cenhtrdliz'ation and d~etaiIl -,in mdiareos.

Becauseof the res~eardci difficulties the cen~ter ouldn.t hav included 0the 1969 71j'figures 'Caldwellsadex t cogesm-had askedh'at'the6 peiod bef ore Mainhe Yanklee's- s192"start-' upbe ýstudije&.ý secon the e, tutzman said, i's tha hisgraph of t.e, ratio:of~observedtoex~petd d -~

i-. ~

ass ould.-look the~s~"mevlwietherh num fekemia'cases'werersn er rflig.~ ~

expected.4'n-umbO',ýh~r'iiidctdý,'< 'ýýi ing....

~ nIurntber of cases jhasinreased'8 Stuzaaged Forxamle f the DCOG expectedý20: 5 ý'sesn,'.1969 b~ut obsbervedonly.10 thepgrap rtOwold show a dot At the 0.5

',evelo a scale.ru.nnqing from zýero tol10(ef;mfh I'f i190the'COG had expetd10cssbtosre9 h ratio wouldpltath09lvl ' ,

-Thexresulting-,g~raph would show, asa-Bross's does, a rising, obserato to exettorai ltogyh ubro actual cases .wouldhv elnd'

- Wilema'intinin thAt o a rwagahaya o att etu Calvell said he was "not ready to make. a-complete challenge' of Bros aruetT cne taitcassilaere-viewing the .datta'and.Bross,'s

• mOn edical-gro~unds, :however, Caldwell questin'ad ome-,o fBro ss" sassumpf-Ition ,s'-:

"The: day-you.arediagrise~is' nthedy ugt canceCr ~aldwellInocte'd.Studies of survivors' -of the atom bobg of bh i m-aain4NgaiIn-diccateiag times-between radiatio .n.ex-p s;ure ,dtctýale- luemia ranging

-from 2 yearsjto :'0y~a~rs -after.th'e 1945-expbsure:'-'- a . ' ,

'Evenji ifhere wvere 'a~stat~istiially significant increas eJin'leukemia in southern Maine during the 1970s, Caldwell said, it m

right not"'ademo'nstr*at e".a: health haza`rd ofthat'dedadýe. ' ".

'Iftt'e increase appeareda~-Wong childrean and adole'scents', whose rapid _,gl6wthý allows a rapid increase in cancer cells, a-researcher, righf'"conclud e th6,e'xposu.re..w s fairly~recen t, Caldwell. said. -

However,..headd'ed, the ceriter~fo'und no si'gnificant incr-eas.e (meani Ing on.e markedly above, the range that coulId be produced by r'ando:m oc'cur'rencecs) armo'ngc,'hildren.,

e, :*.1

.-.Ev6Kif ikemairates:in-Mae-had se -wCa owuellethecomthp..center sowl emlete. esultsofthe

'.e,nf ished4 980 census- o.adjustlts¢xPct fokrthe-effe 6m f*age S "'Th-ere. isa yery:big age effecdt..f' cancer*Caldwell-sa.E oh o et andtmigoatxon thestce.

-n

-.. Ileukemiatends~tor~isewith

..

of a"" age  ;.reflecti Aiei'~ledmdel the l agease-;

I: e'":,p/~eo-speca j om . '-

-- a-populatio n jh:southern Maecluded erypeop ilyfsomef them moved:here fromareas wherehealthrisksaremoresevere thecterwould eviseitsexpations of cancer pwards-SW "commenteined  :"rq" asslight Iht upward trend, CIel said butadded ,thatthe increased cases were not:

".:nu.......merous enoughnu g htow awithout re curre datao populationinvolved c:tu.alincreasein c b 198 Mai oe Yan thosrd ai irsw e:inCtlwel th statistical rsi given themalnme ,

ftewe obsewed-;,,*~uge ct - eraes* oof~in#gorconenoted

ýe to the

-avtailable upncr which n-bs hand eto dat` While arge thvat expectedi sa case ombA 8-0s nu ersiM ad'Yinkbeshula nel6 .

heW- 4 Ptae t3 ppo mile, tc ossbesce

-

mi

- - . ~aldellals~deendd eusqu ue f-ex#*teie leuemi satistics~ro the National Cancrl~tta~h~~~~"

ovrr:40 -~-~

fd~Idwllsaidl the diotservesentcroases ccaeleo ad smt wercntism ah W&iicl:dsinfl 3ýper ~~tti es neithrloBuat; Caidw te ll'n added iesIotinkolhed norM1 s haisn -

ctegor "w r. ~erinn ' i~ fato creteeUlnt ---

-nucea tis poer ontovrsy wiliat oreer aldeli saidbut,dontcr "I_ w etheMaieanee P 1learPwer Pg 1ee'-

VStaoiet~ef to prob birt defcts nPlmout

-number~~~~_. an it of eet otahersati micrhe aa-Plymol hslintjtaryshool bes "

-- .,--  ; .,.,.-:

pblc'dhe heath-dmpatmfeent-thiss summri ismaid, y~terda tenaiegcfigures sho _thOdel 1aderd "Iroihhetoinsixenoas his i < -

~lfit'~e ~ Igh .- ht aesm oto proble prg

~7-sthnk ihtVj'arrantsc .u.f1 argonern co roery wil last-ffoe-ý~; Cal( ancoutcome" Dicer - -

h~esta erd~,Maiewokbi-d

~ 2-

, -. -. Offic ials By Wen y Fox,a C-ontributing týhee.: / . ; "-: 4 . patsrtoyiestigating

,tý Reporteri.". eSteateDepeart.men..t statifstsbelicHealth

• ," ".. . .- '  : what -'. ..

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seem .- " an nu uylhig.

• -. ... like Since199,,*la9- ra*ccrnto 'e-schýool andata healtlh'6 off.cialsaTeihttec at Indian :B rook4Elemehtary S hoh bved e ermiscarriages orstpilbirthsior 'have givenhbi'rthA to ciden with defct,.

Dr Rchardt§O Dicker ssanepidemiolost fromthefedeal teo DiseaseCotntr ol in Atiantaho woring'pwitho is

... e . -

i/" 6 t! ," "  :;:-a -in "- "

Dib.Wen ady F {,,otribtmight-beo1r ulty. and" s2al cutnItaltl members-t;,"-the'sho;drig

- ls -- heam£.e . - ..- " '- - -- - ...

-suant.e

• .bewee,15percnt tAdbrhd lfil:r:h'oe~lhj*tl~~6el*i percentofoalliebrtshvedfct nd,5:pe hff Pegnat-wmenave ~  ::"L...

" -mscm

- -

• "!

- eeone' -

-- :.ý';ýri k ld to. meet this mor, n wol Hr~ alth ficito start the invistigatinfPly'mouth

- -- saidhe and - - - ud6the-medcaleb'c

'.R[chardid'Keefe;.Plymouth*helthdirectorsaidtoxics~iHeaastest.were.-fund helndian Brok-school..is: abo ut,'f{our-""miles 'Sfrom th~ f i ""*lgrm 'severanl at *tl*a.ndl a~2erpoe~in and near theManomet ykearsago landfill..but h

-.cautio ned .ag ainst blaming teladil-r t hepoe plnano h}ob~r~ irths -

don'tjmehave, the-sae tyeosituatiQn in-thegeneral*to iat nhe said." ". . .. ", . -

..:Nicolas saidlyest}er:day the shoisiabulightiaoitfeyar-danhs25women and-i1Omep on its "faculWY Pregrancies;

- .- and *staff..

Nic~laS Lastsa!id :May,he,he:ai[d notiied te*chi*risthe-re..t~iJld~ir:h{hat rtn.'thhealth offiasw,`6en1.rihiiied-tthestate.ea tlhey wer~e "oncderned, about ".her,t hl*p~roblem with

- Niolas said o"IndianBr6 - h *6 6yeh`a*sreq tdIVa.Iriae.fr. th scho .. -. . . " .* '

.Dicke e oher schoolmhealthofficialswill-st e-cgrounds of the Indian Biook teachers and probably will interview teachers :at oth'er-sch~ols!alnda' ot.her town, residents to-determine the extent of the probl.em.

-Indian:Said school, Brook teacher,-MaryAnnPepe, teachers? and staff membersare whose two healthy nervous'and-are eking chnldren-were

'concerned- bornbeforeaboutedri shewatereat startedteachiengthe schooiw" atwthe jHowever, -'Keefe said-water for the-schoo comes from "thesame well aswater for the .rest ofthe town.

Since-no similar problems have been reported-at:the townstbother 10 schools, O'Keefe said construction materials used at Indian Brook willbe ern stuJded as willthe building's ventilation system:

Reprinted from Boston Globe, Aug. 11, .1982. Pg. 40-

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".COLUMBIA C- Pfli hatoffic 1 ial s a4reu6er6 tai dfh'Vldiyo a re6f~~siightt6ttere s pf'eopl6-with- ~S~9tdi~ ia h aanh Rive~ula pln accrdiing` -JD icadPrkr~

.cdh'ief oft~h~e bureau of.,`dsae,'nto fo heSoutih.Carolinia De'5rditb Hd5t&nInvrnena Cotrdl§ therepor ianwhc waswidelhpb~li+/-dfciilwingts ini'tia appeas ranceinwo AlnadIlynwppr -e ,'r .. ,,7

--

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saidtha wthi25peope a 4 rni~rdiusof he ikd mhoeýcopit~f.v SVC% hice~ hahditl~nave the rare bood disas W'ihýi thaacerze~bincrasdt re biodKePisias an ic J Thorpot 4 festhatiS~inj6Qfy?0Qpelegt the stat6 andaf people liv wihi a6-mile- -4 pDeeaumentents.l hw oam radiu's-ofh-ltplnal.hch since h weapons grade"plutonium and tietiumg trr;c

ýN'Dr' Parkeinsaidfiniatdlepýhpne.interview that some of dtthe patient repra~d'tp&havpolycytei ver apparently--,~

reanne nula excepaforthet*5i# a htmgtatrthe,' patients'wasva lnolver,,omtebf'th.e ndi tn incidence .ofponulyciart~er inetheaea'e i alo~~iddidhWvr repor.was ht:t5 seaeh' s*fntomhavedti disease

-omhe orlas long as-?.. years.,-

Findigs liketh'at m'ake me- begin 'tb~doubt'if the6re, is any c 1(1s ta.a og I do n' wnttWtiodmake anyý DrcPar ,hr*s.-r,,

te drl d thaotsftiisuneardfro talking with physicians ing11.ý insAease aound'I te'countrpsttwhatth&ýincidvhceofthe7 n asl dis61isp16?'1)-s ral in jh d.tW 1ynafe'd "States -(A 's'pok'esýman fordhe .ý,-~b~forlislelaslC tt said-,thd6t-hl9,abbut 400,.+/-

cases o'f.the 'disease;hlalve .b-een r'n,,eported -in th6e medicaýl liteau+.4%~ r.w Dr.. Parkr -'P ark"e" t he' iot a-geneticorenviroamenta ath ler '_,.,are, the driumeasei .

theei no d t i'basis betw eeJadtion Some po le pa that snc pycyem v b a e ls anc olueraia nd cke r.r Ipt~a.at , n,-v* r, h,* §pe leuema s sspctd n smecaesof beingicaused ,b'y4radiationl radiatfion could cause'ptlycyheia-vera This.

..speculation is tenuous, he"' ssa.ida

• 4 -_**..4,-.,. - 4<4.

Phscin wl pend -several mnonths documentingý cases of the disease ~and comparing,.theýý:lower, Savannah p4' Rieraea with a siia rai hc hr s no nuclearpath ad>

Reprinted from Famrily-Practice'News Oc0tober' 1 171982ý Pg'54ý MK f4 4T,'4'4

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AUDIENCE COMMENTS:

. I-4ORSF11aT1T flN Have you seen this before C.LTnFz 1k TTFM W*iON where? when?

l#

• *OBSERVATI * @ when?'

where?

1.Daisy 2.Gunckel & Sparrow, Brookhaven Symposia #6.

3.Brookhaven #6, Tomato retarded growth Impatiens increased branching, stem fasciation 4.Brookhaven #6, Dahlia blade did not develop properly Snapdragon thick, leathery leaves, curved, or inrolled 5.Brookhaven #6, Apple leaf sectional chimera Nicotiana color chanae 6."Giant Vegetation".

7.Harm Menkens, Germany Forsythia,potatoes mis-shapened leaves,

& Forsythia Twig double potatoes, &

fasciated twig 8.

9. I 0.

1.Acid Rain 2.Final Environmental Statement, Sulfuric Acid 3.African Violet

4. Caption- African Violet 5.Umbrella Plant, Genus Cyperus 6.Gunckel Affidavit 7.Clover sectional chimera 8.Dandelion Clump growth stimulation 9.Dandelion Clump growth stimulation, 31."

O.Dandelion Leaves growth stimulation, normal 1.Dandelion Leaves, pressed 2.Maple Tree, Variegated reversion 3.Maple Tree bark peeling off, thick leathery leaves, mis-shaped leaves 4.Maple Leaf circular growth 5.Maple leaves, rear view 2 thick, spiney.,.-puckering 6.Evergreen-Tree. massave growth pine cones 7.Evergreen, same. tree-later (S.Borns) stunted, abnormal B.Evergreen wi tch's broom, bare twigs 9.Redbud leaf chlorosis J.Redbud leaf, close-up mosaic effect, chlorosis 1.Trees, Goldsboro Marina bare tree tops 2.Buttercup double, fasciation 3.Buttercup, 4 assorted normal, fasciated (2) no center parts

• .Buttercup fused stem 5.Celosia flower color, chlorosis leaves pale, streaked red S.Clover double 7.Daisy normal

3. Daisy semi- formed

).Daisy Fasciated, pinched effect

).Daisy fasciated, pinched effect

Audience Comments:

Have you seen this.befofe

_IDE # ITEM OBSERVATION where? when?

40--Daisy fasciation, pinched effect

41. Daisy full, double centers

42. Daisy multiple centers, stem fasciation

43. Daisy bud on back, fasciation.

44. Dandelion multiple flowers, wide stem

45. Dandelion multiple flower, wide stem

46. Forsythia Bush abnbrmal growth pattern

47. Forsythia Twig multiple buds, fasciation, bifurcation?

48. Forsythia, close-up L multiple buds, fasciation, bifurcation?

49. Forsythia multiple buds,(not galls)

50. Gloriosa Daisy fasciations

51. Gloriosa Daisy fasciation, stem & flower 52; Gloriosa Daisy fasciotion

53. Magnolia pod abnormal growth

54. Marigold normal, pin-petaled

55. Marigold stunted, thick leathery leaves, pin-petaled

56. Marigold, close-up pin-petaled flower

57. Queen Anne's Lace color change 58.. Queen Anne's Lace color changes

59. Queen Anne's Lace, close-up purple edges

50. Queen Anne's Lace (J.Gutshall) flower out of flower

51. Rose, yellow fused, double bud

52. Rose, close-up fused, double bud

53. Rose, red bud growing in rose, vegetative parts in floral position

-4. Rose, close-up

5. Rose in silica

6. Rose & bud, dried

7. Sunflower fasciation

8. Sunflower fasciation

9. Wild Mustard color change

'0. Zinnia. color mutation Jdaie nX apov.L ti9i7davi

'2. Radiation Map 1979

3. Radiation Map 1979

4. Radiation Map 1.979

5. Letter by J. Fabrikant for Chromosome Study

6. Pa. Dept. of Health - No Chromosome study needed

7. "Village Voice" excerpt on Gunckel

8. Dandelion photo (S. Plachey)

9. Gunckel Excerpts from research papers D. Fasciated Daisy dditional comments, corrections:

May 29, 1987 DC~ ac/ Z. rQq-Drummnond Rennie, .M.D.

Senior Contributing Editor Journal of the American Medical Association 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60610

Dear Dr. Rennie:

A recent letter (1) questioned that radiation exposures reported for military personnel in the Smokey nuclear bomb exercise at Nevada Test Site (NTS-) were sufficient to induce polycythemia vera (2). Caldwell (3) responded that film badges do not record all external exposures (neutrons) or any internal exposure, but exposures were "at least that much plus background radiation level". However, such badges indicate only a small fraction of the beta radiation of nuclear fallout (4).

.The ratio of beta to gamma radiation may range as high as:100 to 1,000 to one (4),.

i.e., an exposure of 32:mrem of gamma radiation may be.associated with exposure to beta radiation as large as,32 rem. Beta radiation exposures have external effects, and inhaled and ingested beta-radiating particulates can injure all tissues in the body. Yet, a table of radiation dosimeter readings for nine military personnel with leukemia after NTS exercises indicate no beta radiation exposure for six (C. C.

Caldwell, personal communication), evidence of a serious flaw in this film badge dosimetry (Table 1). Moreover, film badges are calibrated at a 900 angle to a point source, while persons in a. radioactive environment receive radiation from all directions. Radiation striking at less than 900 will have a proportionately smaller effect and little is recorded when radiation strikes the badge on edge. Radiation transecting the body is attenuated before striking the~badge.

Film badges fail to monitor neutron radiation exposures adequately. Neutron films record proton. tracks (recoil.protons from fast.,neutron co[-l.isions)., but -these fade rapidly in-a.hot climate (with.almost 100% loss) unless, deve.Oped4and read quickly after exposure. In addition.internal radiation exposures are scarcely indicated.

InhalatiOn of fall:out particulates radiating alpha, beta and gamma radiation was recognized as early as: 1951 by the Director of the University of California Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (a DOE/AEC facility) as "the major problem in safety" rather than "any danger from external radiation dose" (5,6). Further, personal air monitors indicate radionuclide concentrations several orders of magnitude greater than area monitors (7). No such personal air monitors were available-for military and other personnel at NTS.

,_,-Al-pha radiation was seldom reported, although 20 times more injurious to tissue per rad than beta or gamma radiation (8). Uranium, plutonium, neptunium, curium.,

americium, and other transuranics contribute about 40 per cent of total

page IL.

Drummond Rennie, M.D.

May 29, 1987 Page 2 radioactivity of nuclear bomb debris 20 hours2.314815e-4 days <br />0.00556 hours <br />3.306878e-5 weeks <br />7.61e-6 months <br /> to two weeks after detonation, and much of this activity is alpha rad'i-ation (9). Alpha and-neutron.-r-adiation" have .','*a

,

t:imes 1 more malignant

'hi.gh. "linear energy :t ransfer" whi:chl induced n~i.ne transformations per rad' at' 1.6w. dose rates, with greatest. ef fect per." -rad.:a't .the smal-lest totalI dose of 10. rad (10)'. Fallout particulates radiatling gamma, V.betaa andf:

a-l-pha radiation are inhal ed' and i nested:and stored in body organs with. much ,.higher organ doses over time. than radiation monitors imply.'.

Military personnel at NTS (2) received important external exposures to beta, gamma and neutron radiation, but the internal exposures from inhalation and, ingestion of radioactive particulates and gases were much greater (4). A recent' study of nuclear plant workers (11) corroborates earlier reports of health effects from such exposures (12-14).

Sincerely, Carfl J. Johnson, M.D. Karl, Z. Morgan, Ph,.D.

ofe r onl;2.

Webster EW: Letter re: "Polycythemia vera among participants of a nuclear weapons teat", JAMA 1987; 257:1179.

Caldwell CC, Kelley D0, Heath DW, Jr. ot Al.: Polycythemia vera among participants of a nuclear weapons test. JAIM 1984; 252:662r664.

Caldwell CC: Letter, JAM/A 1987; 257:1179.

Johnson CJ: A cohort study of cancer incidence in Mormon families exposed to nuclear fallout versus an area-based study of cancer deaths in whites in Southwestern Utah. (Letter) Am. J. Epidemiol. 1987; 125:166-.168.

Craves AC, Felt C. Jangle fallout prcblems. In:.Operation Upshot-Knothole, Nevada Proving Grounds, University of California/AEC. Washington, DC: LIS Department of Energy, 1951.

.of 1,946';': released April, 9, 1981.

Distribution prohibited by the Atomic Energy Act Table I-Radiation Dose Levels

.Recorde~d. on, Film ,.Badges BradburYy 'NE. Written communication to Dr. Shields Warren. Director, of, Biology and Wedicine, US Atomic Energy Com*ision, Washington, DC, July 7, Division of Pa'tient-s ::'With L~eukemaia 1951. Distribution prohibited by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946; releasedApril 9, 1981. Total Radiation International Co nission for Radiological Protection. General principles of Recorded in 1957 monitoring for radistion protection of workers. Publication 12. New York:

Pergamon Press, 1968.

US Nuclear Regulatory Comisaion. Standards for protection against radiation.

proposed rule, Title 10, Co", of Federal Rlegulations, parts 19, 20, 30-32, 34, case Gamma. mrem Beta, mrem 40, 50, 61 and 70, Decebor 10, 1985; 50:51992-52115.

Fold DT. Mechanics of fallouit. In: Adams R, Cullen S, ads. The final 1 1,250 0 epidemic. Educational Fou'dsation for Nuclear Science, Chicago, IL 60637, 1981. 755 34 3 0 0 Hill H, CK, Buonoguro FW, Myers CP, et al. Fission spectrum neutrons of reduced dose rates enhance neopiastic transformation, Nature 1982; 298:67-9., 4 2,977 0 i, ilkinson CS, TietJen CL, Wiggs LD, et al. Mortality among plutonium and other 5 133 0 radiation workers at a plutonium facility. Am J Epidmmiol 1987;125:231-50. 6 105 0 Johnson'CJ. An evaluation of brain cancer, melanoma and respiratory cancer of 7 2,950 47 employees of the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant in Jefferson County, a No record No record Colorado. Presented to the Denver meeting of the U.S. Radiation Policy Council 17-29-80), to the Epidemiologic Exchange Session of the Annual Meeting of the 9 96 0 American Public Health Association (10-20-80) and at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science lt-4-Sl). (Calld'well.n G., 1ý Johnson CJ. Rocky Flats Ravisited. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Ambio 1982;11:372-378.

The Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club Editor-in-Chief:James E. Gunckel "q*0 i ,- :6 .1L n.

Bltl*t t'-Nj OXAUT Eay 11, 1964 AFFIDAVIT 9 I hoave carefully examined a few specimens of cannon plants.collected shortly after the accident at TKI and canpared theni with specimens collected more recently. The current abnornalitdes are probably carz- ed fcrward by induced chrancsomail aberrations. There were a number of anamalies entirely canparable to those induced by ionizing radiation-- stem fasciations, growth stiinulaticn, induction of extra vegetative buds and. stem tumors.

Most of the stern abnormalities described in the literature, and in my own experience, are induced by relatively high doses of X or gamma rays extending over a period of usually 2-3 months. Notable exceptions, however, are similar responses to beta ray exposure from radioisotopes (p 3 2 , Zn65, CaS) and for only 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />. In other'words, it would have been possible for the types of plant abnoraalities observed to have bee- induced by radioactive fallout on March 29, 1979. *,626i 7 f"/1hr' f/~z*J c) *nd dyj In discussing the general biolo:-ical effects of irradiation, same clari-fication may be helpfil. In plants, the dose rate (e.gr mr/hr) is much, more important than .total dose (e.g., mr/yr) in inducing abno'maliti*es' Furdther, the ,quality factor" for gamma and beta radiation is not the same as generally assumed. In fact, I have incontrovertible experimental results to show that beta rays are at least a quality factor of two in plants.

I am the world authority on modifications of plant growth and development induced by ionizing radiations, having researched this area for 34 years at the Brookhaven National laboratory and at Rutgers University. The three review papers appended attest to .my expertise.

t~a:s FJ.Gunok el

( iird(A PA yji' ! Vf. 34 (April), j ,j . .I,2i Perprmnan Preer I-M.. 1"0 ' Prirried *., the UýS A.

DOSE-RATE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR EXTERNAL EXPOSURE TO PHOTON AND ELECTRON RADIATION FROM RADIONUCLIDES OCCURRING IN RQUVIjNJE RELEASES FROM NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE FACILITIES*

D. C. K IER IHealth and Safety Research Division. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge. TN 37930 (Receired 21 March 1979: accepted 24 July 1979)

Ahstract--[ose-rale conversion factors for external exposure to photon nod electron raliation ire calculated for 2,10 radionuclides of potential importance in routine releases from n vclear fuel cycle facilities. Exposure modes considered are immersion in con-tnminmted air. immersion in contaminated water, and irradiation from a contaminated ground surface. For each exposure mode. dose-rate conversion factors for photons and electrons are calcul:ted for tissuie-equivalent material at the body surface of an exposed individual. Dose-rnle conversion factors for photons only are calculated for 22 body organs.

IN.ROI)UCTION men(. and radioactive decayý including build-IN ASSESSING radiation dose to an individual or tip and decay of any radioactive daughter to the population from external exposure to a products. Such considerations are beyond the radionuclide dispersed in the environment, a scope of this work. We are concerned instead dose-equivalent rate at a given location at with the determination of the external dose-time t, denoted by RM(.) can be written in the rate factor D.

general form Rt) = Q() x D. where Q(t) is a For a given radionuclide, the dose-rate radionuclide concentration at the particular f-act¶-r"---. T tT swhlCh are deTterminTed location and time and 1) is a quantity called--t" t-ictar MI- Mln-peT tinterest the external dose-rate conversion factor. fUsually photons or electrons) and the ener-From the general equation. the quantily ,.- d which we also call the (lose-rate factor, can oflial y-*, te modle oa exposure (e.g. mrn-be regarded as a dose-equivalent rate per unit nriier-siTiin- confamiTiated air), and tFiorg-aln radionuclide concentration. o'-T ie ex -f-un-"diMU-u"lor popu on -

In general, estimation of the concentration whic iTie* dose-equivalenit rate is desired.

Q(() requires detailed consideration of the thus independent o[ the sare tea rate and manner of release of the radionu- dynamic beiavior ol radioniclideCs in tMe clide of interest, its transport in the environ- efvfironment. I nese factors are clevarly-useTul inr adiological assessments, since multi-plication of an assumed radionuclide concen-

• Research sponsored by .ivision of Safeguards. tratin' in the environment by a dose-rate Fuel Cycle and Environmental Research. U.S.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission under Inter- factor gives ate external dose-equivalent rate.

agency Agreement DOE 40-550-75 with the U.s. This paper presentsa tabulation of dose-Dept. of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-26 r.f?- Iorsf t ,or rtopioien-oniexternl-;hex with Union Carbide Corp. or hi ronuc t es a pote"-

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fbge 1 SAFMrI RELATED7 INCflENTS'AT THREE MILE ISLAND :NUCLEAR, POWM' PLANT Compiled friom:1 NuclAr .Safet17. 'A; bimonthly Technica frode, TIVeewpreqpared f or ``the Nuclear:Rglator Comsinbthe -Nulear Sarebty

-Infobrmati'on-,Centerat. Oak 'Ridge, NationAl- Laboratory. Vol4 16-.8 197-17 CWpie byWlla Casto, and R. L. Sctt.-

Three Mile, Island I: is Pre'uie R6co dsgeby. aae Babcock andd Wilcox.

It is. operated' by .Metropoliton Edison usdayo General Public Utilties.

its operating lices asgnte on April19, 191 rTh' pln' doke nubr,isa 5O~89,and rpoz~tsof t, plant. and it acdns,'can-be objaned' bseding h numbrad request 'to's .. Nuclear* Reg& tr omsin ~ ~i~~ouetRo 1717 H, Streeati, NW Wa~hirg~oD' C lO-J-74. .Unplanned, radioactivity ýr elea ses .'Inadequate design,

.10-214-74j Unplanned&.radioactive gaseous releases Valve leak and oPerator error Unplanned/:raedioactive releases  :"Leak'ing valves 11-60-74 Imposition :of ai 'civil penalty Security.Violation I I-? 0.'7 Two; unplanned releases: of radioactivity Inadequate procedural guidelines 12-2h-74 Tritium level in .,rlver sample exceeds inor. leaks, control--Value*..

I 75 Design decency in control rod drive Design error 1-17-75 Pipe suport ound broken" Design error 1I -75 ace ssive chojridb.:in in charge .*ad of loop water seal

-Unplanned*raioactive g release. .

Loss, o loop water sea 75 Inadvertant release of airborne radiation Loss of ventilation

,;air flow 4-18-7,5 Excessive. ,tota-l .lorine*in discharge Lack of guidelines 4-4 1--75 Re _to criticality, reached P-ocedural dificiency 4 -24 75 Totali ch~lor~ine-- concentration .in river' ..ý,Cra,6ckedihypochorita 6 -5+-75?, fri*tiOum p;,oncentration., ine;ffluent Waste proesing

• .-:, *exceedas lim *;it. :". * . ,i:-,:

• i." .

7-3-75 U p ann e'ase.::of radioactive: gas , ' .Leak in waSte evaporator 7-10-75 Suspended. solid :in effluent exceed limit High concentration in influent 10-7-75 Unplanned release of radioactive material Lifting of relief valve 10-24-75 Tritium level in effluent exceeds -Low river flow control value 3-15-7.6 Notice. of proposed imposition of Administrative control civil penalties deficiency

_K_ ;ý 10-27 -76 Plant river water discharge solids .,Unknown exceed limit 3-1-77 River water discharge temperature Poor valve response exceeds limits 5-23-77 Suspended solis concentration in Sludge of solids effluent exceed limit 1.~ it-1 )&

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Hý,lARRISBURG PDCEMBiER 26, 197

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ed apy sd~iiiit,ýtes6ssinceth 4ail-

tM~tEd~i theNRC ,findicte f .crjum,41orde.recordead.a

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C WHERE RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS CONCENTRATE IN THE BODY PART OF BODY radioactive element(s) type of rays, length of 1/2 life effect comment UNGS radon 222 (and whole body) alpha, 3.8 days uranium 233 (and bone) alpha, 162,000 yrs.

T,h, rohld plutonium 239 (and bone) alpha, 24,000 yrs.

SKIN krypton 85 (and ?)"

beta (gamma), 10 yrs.

sulfur 35 lung cancer beta, 87 days much higher rate skin cancer among uranium may be cured early miners LIVER _-SPLEEN cobalt 60 polonium 210 beta (gamma), 5 yrs. alpha, 138 days liver cancer lymphoma higher death rate in curable in early stages women KIDNEYS ruthenium 1%

gaimma (beta), l yr.

kidney cancer difficult to detect OVARIES early, hard to stop The reproductive after 5 yrs.

organs are attacked by all radioactive isotopes emit- ýPBONE ting gamma radiation. In addition, the deadly pluto- radium 226 nium 239 is known to alpha, 1620 yrs.

concentrate in the ovaries zinc 65 or testes. The radiation it beta (gamma), 245 days emits can cause birth de- strontium 90 fects, mutations and mis- beta, 28 days carriages in the first gene- ytirium 90 ration after exposure and beta, 64 hrs.

or successive generations. prometheum 147 beta, 2 yrs.

barium 140 beta (gamma), 13 days thorium 234 beta, 24.1 days phosphorus 32 MUSCLEC-L-E :0*___ beta, 14 days carbon 14 (and fat) potassium 42 beta, 5,600 yrs.

beta, (gamma), 12 hrs. leukemia - an overpro-cesium 137 (and gonads) duction of abnormal white beta (gamma), 30 yrs.

blood cells.

sarcoma (cancer of muscle tissue) can be treated to some extent.

0other locations suspected

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