ML072040180
| ML072040180 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Oyster Creek |
| Issue date: | 08/31/1982 |
| From: | Crocket L, Hoagland K Academy of Natural Sciences, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research |
| To: | |
| Davis J, NRR/DLR/REBB, 415-3835 | |
| References | |
| NUREG/CR-2727 V2 | |
| Download: ML072040180 (42) | |
Text
NUREG/CR-2727 Vol. 2 Ecological Studies of Wood-Boring Bivalves in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Progress Report December 1981 - February 1982 Prepared by K. E. Hoagland, L. Crocket Department of Malacology Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Prepared for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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- 1.
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- 2.
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- 3.
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NUREG/CR-2727 Vol. 2 RE Ecological Studies of WoodT-Boring Bivalves in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Progress Report December 1981 - February 1982 Manuscript Completed: June 1982 Date Published: August 1982 Prepared by K. E. Hoagland, L. Crocket Department of Malacology Academy of Natural Sciences 19th and the Parkway Philadelphia, PA 19103 Prepared for Division of Health, Siting and Waste Management Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555 NRC FIN B8138
PREVIOUS REPORTS Twelve reports have been prepared under Contract AT(49-24)-0347
(=NRC-04-76-347) during three years of funding from the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1976-1979, under the title:
Analysis of populations of boring and fouling organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station with discussion of rele-vant physical parameters.
Those reports with NTIS numbers are:
NUREG/CR-0223 NUREG/CR-0380 NUREG/CR-0634 NUREG/CR-0812 NUREG/CR-0896 NUREG/CR-1015 NUREG/CR-1209 Dec. 1, 1977-Feb. 28, 1978 Mar.
1, 1978-May 31, 1978 Sept. 1, 1977-Aug.
31, 1978 Sept. 1, 1978-Nov.
30, 1978 Dec. 1, 1978-Feb. 28, 1979 Mar. 1, 1979-May 31, 1979 June 1, 1979-Aug.
31, 1979 Five reports have been published in this current series:
Ecological studies of wood-boring bivalves in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.
NUREG/CR-1517 NUREG/CR-1795 NUREG/CR-1855 NUREG/CR-1939 Sept. 1, 1979-Feb. 28,
- 1980, 65 pp.
March 1-May 31, 1980, 31 pp.
June 1-Aug. 31,
- 1980, 48 pp.
Vol.
1 Sept. 1, 1980-Nov. 30,
- 1980, 36 pp.
Vol.
2 Dec. 1, 1980-Feb. 28,
- 1981, 41 pp.
Vol.
3 March 1, 1981-May 31,
- 1981, 38 pp.
Vol.
4 June 1 - Aug.
31,
- 1981, 44 pp.
Vol.
I Sept.
I - Nov. 30,
- 1981, 40 pp.
N1JREG/CR-2727
ABSTRACT The species composition, distribution, and population dynamics of wood-boring bivalves are being studied in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey.
Untreated wood test panels are used to collect organisms at 12 stations.
Physiological tolerances of 3 species are also under investigation in the laboratory.
Competition among the species is being analyzed.
In the winter of 1981, the generating station experienced a prolonged outage.
The reproductive cycle of the shipworms was not extended.
Teredo bartschi was very abundant at one station in Oyster Creek and moderately abundant at a second, but did not exist elsewhere in Barnegat Bay.
Some specimens of Teredo bartschi contained larvae in the gills in February.
According to laboratory experiments, Teredo navalis is able to remain active at temperatures as low as 40 C, whereas T. bartschi ceases activity (with-draws its siphons) at about 130 C.
iii
SUMMARY
OF FINDINGS The purpose of this investigation is to understand the population dynamics and competitive interactions of shipworms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS) and at contror stations outside the influence of the station.
The relative importance of the introduced species Teredo bartschi in causing damage, and physio-logical tolerances of all species, are being assessed.
On a monthly
- basis, wood panels are added and removed for analysis of population dynamics and to obtain live animals for the lab studies.
We also record temperature, salinity, and we estimate siltation levels at each station.
- 1. The generating station was not operating during most of the period of this report.
Water circulation was also reduced.
- 2.
In early December when the station was operating, the AT was about 4-5 0 C.
3 The salinity in Oyster Creek was similar to that of Barnegat Bay throughout the winter.
The salinity at some tidal creek control stations reflected the presence of a layer of fresh water at the surface.
- 4.
Teredo bartschi was found only at stations 11 and 12 in Oyster Creek.
Attack at station 12 was heavier.
- 5.
Outside of the Teredo bartschi infestation in Oyster Creek, borer attack was light in 1981.
The only station showing even a moderate attack of Bankia gouldi was Station 1, Holly Park.
The greatest numbers of T.
navalis occurred at Station 1 and the stations in Forked River.
- 6.
Mortality of shipworms in Oyster Creek was not as extensive as might have been predicted by reason of the winter shutdown of the generating station.
- 7.
No larvae settled during the period of this report.
- 8.
Wood destruction was greatest at Station 12 in Oyster Creek.
- 9.
Teredo bartschi retained larvae in the gills through the winter months.
- 10. Teredo bartschi withdraws its siphons at a temperature of about 13-14'C, whereas T. navalis is active above 4'C.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS PREVIOUS REPORTS..............
ABSTRACT.....
SUMMARY
OF FINDINGS LIST OF TABLES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..........
PHYSICAL FACTORS SHIPWORM POPULATIONS SHIPWORM PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES APPENDIX.
STATION LOCALITIES iv vi S.
vii 1
2 5
5 14 2 1 23 25 V
LIST OF TABLES Page
- 1. Temperature Profiles in °C, December, 1981-February, 1982 6
- 2. Continuous Temperature Recorder Data ('C) for Dec. 3, 1981-March 9, 1982....................
7
- 3. Salinity Profiles in 0/00,
- December, 1981-February, 1982 9
- 4. Average Temperature and Precipitation in New Jersey, Deviation from Normal. December, 1981-February, 1982....
.. 10
- 5. Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Outages, Circulation and Dilution Flow in gal. x 106 for December, 1981-February, 1982 10
- 6. Numbers of Living Shipworms in Cumulative Panels Submerged May 7, 1981...................
11
- 7.
Numbers of Living Shipworms plus Empty Tubes, Cumulative Panels 12
- 8. Percentage of Specimens that were Alive when Collected, Cumulative Panels...............
13
- 9. Length Ranges of Shipworms, in mm, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 7, 1981...................
15
- 10. Percentage of Wood Weight Lost by Cumulative Panels Collected in Winter, 1981-82............
16
- 11. Percentage of Living Teredo bartschi Carrying Larvae in the Gills...................
17
- 12. Behavior of Adults of Teredo navalis and T. bartschi Exposed to Reduced Temperature...............
18 vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the many residents of Oyster Creek who have cooperated in our field work.
Dominic Dragotta, John Flynn, and Beth Ann Tanzosh provided technicial assistance.
Eugenia Bihlke of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia served as X-ray technologist.
J.C.P. & L.
Co.
provided data on the operation of the Generating Station.
C. Bogan typed the manuscript.
vii
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WOOD-BORING BIVALVES IN THE VICINITY OF THE OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION
- December, 1981 - February, 1982 INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown a direct causal relationship between the effluent of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station and the pro-liferation of shipworms (Teredinidae) in Oyster Creek and adjacent portions of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey (Turner, 1974; Hoagland et al.,
1977; Hoagland et al.,
1978; Hoagland and Crocket, 1979; Hoagland and
- Turner, 1980; Hoagland et al.,
1980).
The effluent adds heat to the receiving
- waters, which extends the breeding season of teredinids, increases their growth rates, and reduces their winter mortality rates.
It has allowed the establishment of a tropical-subtropical shipworm, Teredo bartschi, in Oyster Creek and Forked River.
The design of the generating station's cooling system, taking salt water from Barnegat Bay up Forked River, through the plant, and out into Oyster Creek, has increased the salinity of these two creeks.
Shipworms now can reside in these creeks, which previously were unsuitable in salinity level and constancy for the establishment of actively breeding shipworm popu-lations.
The populations of Teredo bartschi compared with the native species in Oyster Creek and Forked River are the focus of current studies. This report summarizes an ongoing collection of data on physical parameters of Barnegat Bay, as well as species composition, distribution, growth, mortality, and reproduction of teredinids.
We assess the degree of shipworm damage occurring at each station.
We also report on physio-logical studies comparing the native and introduced shipworms with regard to temperature and salinity tolerances.
I
METHODS Stations Over the first three years of our study, 20 stations were established in Barnegat Bay to monitor boring and fouling organisms.
In September, 1979, the number was reduced to 12.
The stations are shown in Hoagland and Turner,
- 1980, and are listed in the appendix.
The station numbers are not contiguous because some have been discontinued.
Station 1 is a northern control station on Barnegat Bay outside the influence of the heated effluent.
Some shipworms, primarily Bankia gouldi, are traditionally found there.
Station 3 is a control station in a tidal creek outside the influence of the effluent.
Shipworms are rarely found there.
Stations 4,
5, and 6 are in Forked River, influenced by the plant's water intake system.
There is some recircu-lation of heated water that affects these stations, but the main in-fluence is that the salinity is essentially that of the bay.
Station 6 is sampled on a reduced schedule, only 4 times a year.
Station 8 is on the bay between Oyster Creek and Forked River.
Stations 10-12 are in Oyster Creek, influenced directly by heat, increased (and constant) salinity, and other components of the effluent (heavy metals,
- silt, increased flow rate, etc.).
Since J.C.P. & L. calculates average values of heavy metal input per
- month, exact data necessary to characterize the effluent completely are not available.
Stations 14 is at or near the southern limit of the thermal plume, on Barnegat Bay.
During the January 1982, our racks and thermometer at Station 14 were destroyed by bulkheaders working in the area.
A new station 14 has been established across Waretown Creek in Skipper's Cove, but that station was not yet operable in February.
Station 18 on Long Beach Island is being used only as a reliable source of Teredo navalis for laboratory experiments.
Field work Once each month, the water temperature and salinity are measured at each station.
Air temperature and time of day are also recorded.
The amount of silt settling on wood panels submerged for one month is estimated as trace, light, moderate, or heavy.
At stations 1, 5, 11, and 14, records of temperature are kept by means of constant recording instruments that are serviced once a month.
White pine panels, approximately 3/4" x 4" x 8",
are used to obtain shipworms for study.
There are three panel series:
- 1) Each month, a
panel that has been in the water for 1 month is removed and replaced.
In this way data on monthly settlement and early growth of borers are obtained.
- 2) Ordinarily, each month, a panel that has been in the water for 12 months is removed.
This series of panels was omitted during the winter months of 1981-82.
- 3)
Each May, a series of 12 panels is de-2
ployed.
These panels are removed one a month.
They provide information on the cumulative growth and maturation of individual borers as well as development of the boring and fouling communities.
The cumulative monthly amount of wood destruction can be evaluated.
These three panel series are called M, Y, and C, respectively.
The C series is replicated at some stations, as indicated in the data tables to follow. Replication is not possible at all stations because of limited space where the water is deep enough to submerge a series of shipworm panels.
Panels are presoaked for 2 weeks, then set on aluminum frame racks against bulkheading or off finger docks.
They rest about 6" above the water-sediment interface.
Laboratory Work Panels are examined for pediveliger shipworm larvae and boring isopods,
- scraped, and X-rayed to locate the shipworms and provide a permanent record of damage.
It is possible to count and often to idenfity ship-worms from the X-rays in uncrowded panels, but X-rays do not provide quantitative data in most cases.
Therefore, using the X-rays as guides, the panels are dissected.
All the shipworms are removed, identified, examined for larvae in the gills, and measured (length only).
They are preserved in 75% buffered alcohol.
Identifications are first made by technicians, but all Teredo spp. are checked by one of the senior inves-tigators.
Wood fragments from the dissected panels are saved.
Calcareous tubes and other debris left by the shipworms are removed with HCI.
The wood is washed in fresh water, then dried to constant weight, allowed to cool to room temperature, and weighed.
The panels are also weighed before going into the water.
The weight difference is a measure of wood destru-ction due to boring organisms.
During dissection of the wood panels, we estimate the percentage of empty tubes, which indicates mortality.
If pallets are still present in the empty tubes, we can record the species of the dead shipworm.
Shipworms from the replicate 12-month panels are not preserved but are kept alive and allowed to spawn in tanks containing filtered sea water (22% salinity) and new pine panels.
In this way, we have established pure laboratory populations of Teredo bartschi.
Individuals of B.
gouldi and T. navalis from the field are being maintained in the labor-atory.
These stocks are used for temperature and salinity tolerance experiments. Larvae of Teredo navalis are being cultured in the labor-atory and used for physiological experiments.
Larvae are being fed cultures of Monochrysis lutheri and Isochrysis galbana.
Both algae and larvae are maintained in an incubator at 22 0 C.
The procedures for culturing shipworm larvae are those of Culliney, Boyle and Turner (1975) and Turner and Johnson (1971).
A low temperature tolerance experiment was performed in December and 3
January with adult specimens of Teredo navalis and T.
bartschi.
Six panels containing T. navalis and six containing T. bartschi were taken from tanks in the laboratory.
The animals had been collected at Sta-tions 18 and 12, respectively, and had been acclimated for six months to laboratory conditions of 22-24'o/0 salinity and 20'C.
Three panels containing each species were placed in outdoor water tables while 3 remained in the laboratory.
The maximum number of siphons seen ex-tending from each panel over a 3-day period was recorded at the outset of the experiment.
The water temperature and the number of siphons per panel were recorded three times per day, at 9:00, 12:00, and 16:00 hours.
Minimal temperature for activity of adults of each species was extracted from the data by noting the highest temperature at which no siphons were visible.
4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Physical Factors When the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station was operating on December 3,
the temperature in Oyster Creek was elevated about 4-5'C (Table 1).
In early January, the water temperature was warmer than usual for that month, but a cold wave later in January caused the water temperature to drop.
The continuous temperature recordings (Table 2) gave similar results.
The minimum temperature recorded in Oyster Creek was -1.4'C, which should have been cold enough to kill Teredo bartschi, according to laboratory studies discussed in this report.
The salinity of Oyster Creek waters was similar to that of Barnegat Bay proper (Table 3).
In
- February, at Stout's Creek and Holly Park (Potter's Creek),
layers of nearly fresh water were present that could have caused death or damage to shipworms at the tops of bulkheadings and in wooden boats.
The precipitation in northern and central New Jersey was above average during the winter of 1981-82 (Table 4).
In the month of January, the temperature was nearly 8'F below average.
The power plant was not operating during all of this period except the first 10 days of December (Table 5),
hence there was no significant +AT in Oyster Creek in the months of January and February (Tables 1 and 2).
Shipworm Populations There were no shipworms in any monthly panels.
The cumulative panels (Tables 6-7) contained a moderate attack of Bankia gouldi at Station 1 (Holly Park) and a lesser but considerable number of Teredo navalis at Station 1 and Stations 4, 5,
and 8 in Forked River.
There was a heavy infestation of T. bartschi at Station 12 in Oyster Creek, and a moderate attack at the nearby Station
- 11.
No other stations harbored T.
bartschi.
- Overall, the borer attack in Barnegat Bay in 1981 was moderate to light, excluding Oyster Creek.
A comparison of Tables 6 and 7, summarized in Table 8, shows that there had been very low mortality of adult Bankia gouldi in the cumulative panels.
Mortality of Teredo navalis was higher, especially in Forked River.
Although there was mortality of T.
- bartschi, it was not as complete as one might expect, considering the absence of a thermal effluent in January and early February when ambient water temperature was less than 5°C.
5
Table 1 Temperature Profiles in Dec' 3,
1981 0C, Dec. 1981-Feb.
1982 Jan. 7, 1982 Feb.
5, Station 1
3 4
5 8
10*
12 14 Differential among stations ahighest value blowest value
- 5. 0 b 7.3 5.2 6.0 7.0 1 0. 5 a 1 0. 5 a 10.5a 7.0 5.5 6.0a 6.o0a 5.0b 5.0b
- 6. 0 a 5.0 b 5.0b 5.0b 1.0 2.0
- 3. 0 a 2.0 2.5
- 1. 5 b 2.0 2.00 2.5 1982 Differential among months 4.0 4.3 3.2 3.5 5.5 8.5 8.5 8.0 1.5
Table 2 Continuous Temperature Recorder Data ('C) for Dec. 3, 1981 - March 9, 1982 I. Temperature at 1:00 P.M. E.S.T.
Date monthly chart January 7, 1982 February 5, 1982 March 9, 1982 was removed 1 a 5 a 11 1
5 11 1
5 11 Mean daily temp. at 1PM 3.4 1.6
-0.1-0.5 2.8 2.9 3.6 Standard Deviation 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.5 0.8 1.4 1.3 Highest value of temp.
at 1 PM 10.0 4.5 5.8 4.9 4.3 7.2 6.3 Lowest value of temp.
b at 1 PM 0.1 0.1 --2.0
-1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 Monthly Range of temp.
b at 1 PM 9.9 4.4
--7.8 6.2 3.1 5.9 5.4 II. Maximum daily temperature January 7, 1982 February 5, 1982 March 9, 1982 1a 5 a 1
1 5
11 1
5 11 Mean value of Max.
Daily Temp.
3.7 1.8 0.3 0.9 3.4 3.6 4.0 Standard Deviation 2.6 1.0 2.2 1.6 0.8 1.8 1.3 Highest value of Max.
Daily Temp.
10.1 4.6 6.5 4.9 5.0 9.0 6.7 Lowest value of Max.
Daily Temp.
0.4 0.3
-1.8
-1.0 2.1 1.4 1.2 Monthly Range of Max.
Daily Temp.
9.7 4.3 8.3 5.9 2.9 7.6 5.5 a Data missing or incomplete b Recorder inaccurate in this range
Table 2, continued III. Minimum Daily Temperature January 7 1982 February 5, 1982 a
5 a 11 1
5 11 March 9, 1982 1
5 11 Mean value of Min.
Daily Temp.
Standard deviation Highest value of Min.
Daily temp.
Lowest value of Min.
Daily Temp.
Monthly range of Min.
Daily Temp.
2.5 2.5 9.5
-0.9 10.4 1.2 1.0 3.9
-0.4 4.3
<-I.3 2.7 1.4
-- 2.0 b
-3.4 0.1 1.3 4.6
-1.4 6.0 2.1 0.8 3.9 0.9 3.0 1.1 1.7 3.7
-2.7 6.4 2.2 1.2 4.5 0.0 4.5 IV. Daily Temperature Range January 7, 1982 February 5, 1982 1a 5a 11 1
5 11 Mean AT Daily 1.2 0.6 1.6 0.7 Standard Deviation 0.8 0.4 2.0 0.6 Largest Daily AT for one month 4.8 1.8 a
2.1 Smallest Daily AT for one month 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 aData missing or incomplete bRecorder inaccurate in this range.
March 9, 1
5 1.3 2.5 0.6 1.9 2.4 8.0 0.2 0.1 1982 11 1.8 0.8 3.8 0.4
Table 3 Salinity Profiles 0
in
/oo, Dec.
1981
- Feb.
1982 Station 1
3 4
5 8
10 11 12 14 Differential among stations Dec. 3 21 22 25 26 a 25 24 24 24 15 b Jan.
18 16 b 24 2 5 a 23 21 22 22 7
Feb. 5 3*
2b, 20 20 21a*
18" 21 a 21 a Differential among months 18 20 5
6 4
6 3
3 11 9
19 ahighest value each month blowest value each month
- ice covered the water 9
Table 4 Average Temperature and Precipitation
- December, 1981 - February, 1982 in New Jersey, Deviation from Normal.
Temperature(°F)
Precipitation (inches)
December
-0.80
+0.6" January
-7.70
+1.3" February
+1.00
-0.4" Table 5 Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Outages, Circulation and Dilution Flow in gal. x 106 for December, 1981 - February, 1982 Total Water Flow (gal.
x 106)
Outage Dates December 25,152 Dec.
10-31 January 5,310 Jan. 1-31 February 15,608 Feb.
1-28 10
Table 6 Numbers of Living Shipworms in Cumulative Panels Submerged May 7, 1981 Date Removed:
December 3, 1981 January 7, 1982 February 5, 1982 Station B.g.
T.n.
T.b. Total B._9 T LW
~b 1
3 4
5 8
10 11 12 14 111 1
2 0
0 0
0 0
7 0
11 0
0 0
00 0
0 0
0 0
0 88
-1700 0
18 1
2 3
0 0
88
-1700 0
12 0
1 0
0 0
01 6
0 4
3 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 68
-840 Total 18 0
5 3
1 0
68
-8412 b
B.g&.T.n.
24 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 4
0 0
0 1
0 0
T.b.
0 0
0 0
0 0
>I00a
_1000a Total 25 0
0 0
4 0
>101a
_1000a b
Totals 15 9 -1788
-1812 1
4 8
II Rep.
Rep.
Rep.
Rep.
7 0
0 0
4 1
0 1
0 0
0 13 11 10 14 14 14
-908
-936 8
5 0
13 0
4 0
4 S -
b 0
0 13 13 111 1
0 24 6 >1100 >1130 3
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 14 2
1 0
aDifficult to distinguish numbers of living vs.
very small.
bNo panel.
Rep. = Replicate panel.
dead shipworms, many of which were
Table 7 Numbers of Living Shipworms plus Empty Tubes, Cumulative Panels Date Removed:
Station December 3, 1981 January 7, 1982 Febr B._&
uary 5, 1982 T.n.
T.b.
B.g.
T.n.
T.b.
T.sp. Tere-dinid Total B.'.
T.n.
T.b. Tere-dinid Total Total 1
12 7
0 0
2 21 13 7
0 1
21 24 1
0 25 3
1 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 4
1 5
0 0
0 6
1 7
0 0
8 0
5 0
5 5
2 1
0 0
0 3
0 4
0 0
4 0
1 0
1 8
0 6
0 1
0 7
0 5
0 0
5 0
14 0
14 10 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
11 0
0 96 0
0 96 0
0 71 0
71 0
4
~160a
_164a 12 0
0 -2000 0
1
-2001 1
1 -1200a 0
-1202a 0
0
~1200a -1200a 14 0
0 0
0 0
b
-b
__a PO Totals 1 Rep.
4 Rep.
8 Rep.
11 Rep.
16 19 -2096 1
3 -'2135 15 24 -1271 1
-1311 24 26 -1360
-1410 8
0 0
0 4
2 0
1 0
0 0
13 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 12 2
0 14 8
0 0
8 6
0 0
0 19 0
0 0
16 6
b 19 111 1
0 3
3 4
0 0
0 0
7 14 4
5 7
aEstimated bNo panel from X-ray.
Rep.
= replicate panel
Table 8 Percentage of Specimens that were Alive when Collected, Cumulative Panels Month Collected:
December 3, 1981 January 7, 1982 February 5, 1982 Number Living Specimens Total no.
tubes Observed Station Alive Number Living Specimens Total No.
tubes Observed Alive Number Living Specimens Total No.
tubes Observed Alive c-.)
1 18 21 86 18 21 86 25 25 100 3
1 1
100 0
0 0
0 4
1 6
17 5
8 63 0
5 0
5 3
3 100 3
4 75 0
1 0
8 0
7 0
1 5
20 4
14 29 10 0
0 0
0 0
1 0
11 88 96 92 68 71 96
>101
-164
>61 12
-1700
-2000
-85
-~841
-1202
-70
-1000
-1200
-83 14 0
0 a
a Totals
-1812
-2135 1
4 8
11 Rep.
Rep.
Rep.
Rep.
11 10 14 12 2
0 14 92 50 100 13 4
13 16 6
19 81 67a 68
-936
-1311
-1129
-1410 14 2
1 0
14 4
5-7 100 50 20 0
aNo panel
The pairs of replicate panels at stations 1 and 4 compared well (Table 7). However, those at stations 8 and 11 were not comparable.
The great discrepancy between panels 11 and 11 rep. is caused by the patchy nature of the settlement of T. bartschi, and the placement of the particular separate racks on which the panels were placed.
The 11C rack was at the end of the dock where water currents were strong, whereas the 11C replicate rack was in towards shore.
This shows the difficulty of establishing true replicates where space is limited and the environment changes within a few meters.
Length ranges of shipworms from the cumulative panels are reported in Table 9.
No growth increase could be detected over the winter months.
In February, the largest specimens of Teredo navalis were in Oyster Creek.
Similar comparisons of the size range of Bankia gouldi and T.
bartschi could not be made, because these species were not found in both Oyster Creek and other localities.
Crowding reduced the size of T.
bartschi at Station 12 compared with Station 11.
Small specimens of T.
bartschi only 0.5 to 2 mm in length at stations 11 and 12 most likely settled in late fall.
The amount of wood lost to borers is recorded in Table 10. There is not a
trend of increased wood destruction from December to February, indicating that little growth took place over those months.
Wood destruction was greatest at Station 12 in Oyster Creek, where Teredo bartschi was responsible for most of the damage.
Table 11 shows that adults of Teredo bartschi maintained larvae in the gills over the winter.
Column 5 shows that only large specimens,
>20 mm, contained larvae.
Yet column 6
shows that some of the largest specimens did not contain larvae.
This pattern has been seen before in Oyster Creek.
The sample size was small (column 9),
but it appeared that the percent of adults carrying larvae (col.
- 8) did not decline significantly from December to February.
Shipworm Physiological Ecology Table 12 presents data on the tolerances of adult Teredo navalis and T.
bartschi to cold temperatures.
Teredo navalis uniformly withdrew the siphons when the water temperature reached 3-46C.
After 2 days at OC, 75% of the animals were dead.
Teredo bartschi was much more sensitive, withdrawing the siphons at 13-1i However, survival is possible when the animals are maintained above 6VC and possibly even lower.
14
Table 9 Length Ranges of Shipworms, in mm, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 7, 1981 Date Removed:
Station December 3, 1981 January 7, 1982 February 5, 1982 B.g.
T.n.
B.g T.n.
T.b.
B.g.
T.n.
T.b.
T.b.
1 3
4 5
8 10 11 12 14 23-182 201 220*
159-170 89-231 70-139 142 26-84 33-195 108-280w 240*
155 110-235 102-194 40-110 53-160 115 92-142 92 35-108 130 159 -230-(31 1-105*
0.5-72 0.5-117" 0.5-78 2-104*
0.5-85 160 1
4 8
11 Rep.
Rep.
Rep.
Rep.44-198 74-321-,
15-74 92-207 16-235 51-137 45-180*
115 155 60-170 35-116 11-70 1-87 0.5-48 8-64
- Largest specimen each species, each month.
Table 10 Percentage of Wood Weight Lost by Cumulative Panels Collected in Winter, 1981-82 Station 1
3.
4 5
8 10 11 12 14 December 3, 1981 18.0 6.8 8.4 7.7 7.1 0.0 10.0 48.8*
0.0 Date Panel Collected January 7, 1982 28.6 0.0 14.8 11.9 9.8 0.0 11.3 35.6*
a February 5, 1982 22.7 0.0 7.2 5.8 10.7 6.4 15.7 31.4*
a 1
4 8
11 Rep.
Rep.
Rep.
Rep.
19.7 6.8 0.0 6.0 31.3 13.4 a
11.1 22.4 13.1 7.7 8.4 apanel lost
- Station with greatest destruction 16
Table 11 Percentage of Living Teredo bartschi Carrying Larvae in the Gills.
Month Months Sta.
Removed Submerged Max. Length of ship-worms with Larvae(mm)
Min. Length of ship-worms with Larvae(mm)
Max. length of ship-worms without Larvae (mm)
Min. length of ship-worms without Larvae (mm)
% of adult shipworms with Larvae Sample size 11 Dec.
11 Dec.
12 Dec.
12 Jan.
12 Feb.
7 7
7 8
9 73 55 72 78 41 21 40 20 20 105 87 55 72 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 70 57 48 23 100 23 7
48 40 21 4
Table 12 Behavior of Adults of Teredo navalis and T. bartschi Exposed to Reduced Temperatures Three replicates Asterisks represent critical temperature for each species.
Date
-1981-1982)
Hour cc Init. conditions Dec.14 9
12 16 Dec.
15 9
12 16 Dec. 16 12 Dec.
17 9
12 16 Dec.
18 12 Dec. 21 9
12 Dec. 22 16 Dec. 23 9
12 Dec. 24 9
Dec. 28 9
Temp.
(0C.)
20 19 16 9
5 4
4 4
1 2
3*
4*
-1 0
4 7
9 5
5 No.
Siphons T. bartschi 11,28,5 11,28,5 8,16,3 0,0,0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
No.
Siphons T. navalis 36,30,17 36,30,17 15,11,8 1,14,1 1,23,1 0,17,0 0,19,0 0,27,0 0,0,0 0,8,0 0,2,0*
0,22,0*
0 0
0 0,27,0 0,26,0 0,25,0 0,16,0 Temp.
20 19 17 17 17 17 18 19 12*
15 20 18 12*
20 14*
13*
21 18 17 No.
Siphons T. bartschi 16,28,5 7,17,1 4,20,2 6,20,2 10,23,2 9,21,2 5,12,0 0,2,0*
10,13,2 9,24,2 9,19,2 0*
12,30,2 4,12,1*
0,2,1*
10,24,1 7,24,1 6,19,1 No.
Siphons T. navalis 49,30,33 13,6,26 44,22,19 35,22,22 39,22,25 35,22,25 35,18,21 35,9,28 38,14,30 46,24,33 43,14,22 29,0,25 28,20,20 39,4,27 36,0,24 38,21,27 17,19,29 39,20,28
Table 12 continued Dec. 29 9
Dec.
30 9
12 16 Dec.
31 9
12 16 Jan. 4 9
Jan. 5 9
Jan. 6 9
Jan. 8 16 Jan.
11 9
12 16 Jan. 12 9
16 5
0*
3*
5
-2 0
1 7
5 3
4 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0,22,0 0, 1,0*
0,5,0*
0,12,0 0,1,0 0,0,0 0,0,0 0,13,0 0,5,0 0,3,0 0,2,0 18 16 18 19 16 17 17 14 19 15 24 7
10*
20 30 24 9,20,1 0,21,0 3,22,2 4,19,2 16,13,2 7,21,2 5,24,2 6,14,0 5,16,1 1,8,1 5,25,2 0,0,0 0,0,0*
6,20,2 7,24,2 6,25,2 37,24,27 42,20,27 41,23,28 39,22,23 42,14,23 38,21,28 45,21,26 43,21,23 46,13,30 42,20,29 41,15,24 30,0,18 32,0,16*
41,10,24 Discontinued
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS It appears that individuals of Teredo bartschi have adapted to survive the cold winters of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, even when the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Staion is not operating.
They do so only at two stations in Oyster Creek, however.
Shipworms taken into the laboratory from Oyster Creek in 1981 still show significantly less tolerance to temperatures below 14'C than do the native T. navalis.
Shipworms reduce their activity at temperatures above those that cause mortality.
We conclude that Teredo bartschi will not be eliminated from Oyster Creek easily.
A concerted effort should be made to physically remove the contaminated wood, and to avoid the introduction of any untreated wood in Oyster Creek and Forked River.
Wooden vessels entering Oyster Creek from the southern U.S., particularly Florida, should be inspected for shipworms.
21
REFERENCES Culliney, J.
L.,
P.
J. Boyle and R. D. Turner.
1975.
New approaches and Techniques for Studying Bivalve Larvae.
In Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals,
- Smith, W.L.
and
- Chanley, M.H.,
eds.,
Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 257-271.
- Hoagland, K. E.
and L.
Crocket.
1979.
Analysis of populations of boring and fouling organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.
Annual Progress Report.
Sept.
1, 1977-Aug.
31, 1978. NUREG/CR-0634.
113 pp.*
Hoagland, K. E.
and R. D. Turner.
1980.
Range extensions of teredinids (shipworms) and polychaetes in the vicinity of a temperate-zone nuclear generating station.
Marine Biology 58:55-64.
- Hoagland, K. E.,
L.
Crocket and M. Rochester.
1978.
Analysis of popu-lations of boring and fouling organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station with discussion of relevant physical factors over the period: Dec.
1, 1977-Feb.
- 28.
1978. NUREG/CR-0223.
44 pp.*
Hoagland, K. E., L. Crocket and R. D. Turner.
1980.
Ecological studies of wood-boring bivalves in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Sept. 1, 1979-Feb. 28, 1980.
65 pp.*
- Hoagland, K.E.,
R.
D. Turner and M. Rochester.
1977.
Analysis of boring and fouling organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station with discussion of relevant physical parameters over the period:
April 30-November 30, 1976.
Report to the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Jan. 1, 1977.
61 pp.
Turner, R.
D.
1974.
In the path of a warm, saline effluent.
American Malacol. Union Bull. for 1973.
39:36-41.
Turner, R. D. and A. C. Johnson.
1971.
Biology of Marine Wood-Boring Molluscs.
In:
Marine Borers, Fungi and Fouling Organisms of Wood, Chapter 13.
Jones, E. B. G.,
and Eltringham, S. K. (eds.), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, pp. 259-301.
- Available for purchase from the NRC/GPO Sales Program, U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C. 20555, and the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.
23
APPENDIX:
STATION LOCALITIES STATION NUMBER NAME 1
Holly Park 3
Stout's Creek 4
Mouth of Forked River 5
Leilani Drive 6
Elk's Club 8
Bayside Beach Club 10 Kochman's Residence 11 Crisman's Residence 12 Gilmore's Residence DESCRIPTION Dick's Landing Island Drive Bayville, N.J.
Bay control COORDINATES Lat.
390 54' N
Lon.
740 8'
W End of Raleigh Drive Gustav Walters' residence Estuarine control South Shore Developed property Possible-temperature increase, increased oceanic influence due to reverse flow At branch point of Forked River South Branch Forked River Increase in salinity due to plant intake canal On bay between Oyster Creek and Forked River across from 1815 Beach Blvd.,
Forked River, N.J.
Temperature increase since plant operation.
End of Compass Rd.
on
- 1 Lagoon, Oyster Creek Waretown, N.J.
Temperature, salinity siltation increase Dock Ave.
on Oyster Creek, Waretown, N.J.
Temperature, salinity, siltation increase 20 Dock Ave.
on Oyster Creek Waretown, N.J.
Temperature, salinity, siltation increase 390 50.7' N
740 9.8' W 390 49.6' N 740 9.8' W 390 49.6' N 740 10.5' W 390 49.4' N
740 10.9' W
390 49.0' N
740 9.7' W
390 48.5' N
740 10.6' W 390 48.5' N
740 11.0' W 390 48.5' N
740 11.3' W
25
STATION NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION 14 Cottrell's Clam Factory 15 Carl's Boats 18 Barnegat Light End of North Harbor Rd.
Waretown, N.J. (Mouth of Waretown Creek).
Within but near limits of reported thermal plume Washington & Liberty Sts.
Waretown, N.J. (on the bay)
Marina adjacent to Coast Guard Station COORDINATES 390 47.7' N
740 10.9' W
390 47' N
740 1I' W
390 45.8' N
740 6.5' W
26
DISTRIBUTION LIST DISTRIBUTION CATEGORY:
RE Supplemental Distribution:
Part A Mr. Richard Baumgardt Dick's Landing Holly Park Bayville, New Jersey 08721 Mr. William Campbell P.
- 0. Box 668 108 Long John Silver Way Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Stan Cottrell North Harbor Road Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Wilson T.
Crisman 901 Hudson Street
- Hoboken, New Jersey 07030 Mr. and Mrs.
Thomas Gilmore 20 Dock Ave.,
Box 205 E, R.R.1.
Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Walter Holzman 1915 Beach Blvd.
Forked River Beach, New Jersey 08731 Mr. Charles Kochman Compass Road Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Ed Sheridan 1108 Leilani Drive Forked River, New Jersey 08731 Mr. Gustav Walters 100 Manhattan Avenue, Apt. 706 Union City, New Jersey 07087 Mr. Edward Wheiler 16 River View Drive, P.O. Box 642 Forked River, New Jersey 08731 Mr. John Turner 19 Jolly Roger Way
- Waretown, New Jersey 03758 27
Part B Battelle Columbus Laboratories Clapp Laboratories Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 Mr.
Michael Roche Supervisor of Environmental Science Jersey Central Power and Light Co.
Madison Ave. at Punchbowl Road Morristown, New Jersey 07960 Dr. Glenn Paulson Asst. Commissioner for Science Dept. of Environmental Protection State of New Jersey P.O. Box 1390 Trenton, New Jersey 08625 Mr.
Alan R.
Hoffman Lynch, Brewer, Hoffman & Sands Ten Post Office Square Suite 329 Boston, Massachusetts 02109 Mr.
John Makai Nacote Creek Research Station Star Route Absecon, New Jersey 08201 Mr. Steve Lubow NJDEP-Division of Water Resources P.O.
Box CN-029 Trenton, New Jersey 08625 Dr. Harry L. Allen US EPA Region II 26 Federal Plaza Room 832 New York, New York 10007 Dr. John Strand Ecosystems Department Battelle Northwest Lab Richland, Washington 99352 Dr. D. Heyward Hamilton, Jr.
EV-34, GTN U.S. Dept. of Energy Washington, D.C.
20545 28
- 1. REPORT NUMBER lAssigned by DDC)
(7.77)
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION NUREG/CR-2727 BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET Vol.
2
- 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE (Add Volume No., if qppropriaet)
- 2. (Leave b/lak)
Ecological Studies of Wood-Boring Bivalves in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating-Station
- 3. RECIPIENTS ACCESSION NO.
Progress Report Dprcpmhpr lqRi - Fehrtmary 1 QR2
- 7. AUTHOR(S)
- 5. DATE REPORT COMPLETED K.E. Hoagland and L. Crocket MONTH YEAR June 1982
- 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS (include Zip Code)
DATE REPORT ISSUED Department of Malacology MONTH j
YEAR Academy of Natural Sciences Aug st 1982 19th and the Parkway
- 6. (Leave blank)
Philadelphia, PA 19103
- 8. (Leave blank)
- 12. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS (Include Zip Code)
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
- 10. PROJECT/TASK/WORK UNIT NO.
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
- 11. CONTRACT NO.
Division of Health, Siting and Waste Management NRC-04-82-009 Washington, DC 20555 FIN B8138
- 13. TYPE OF REPORT PERIOD COVERED (Inclusive dares)
Progress Report December 1, 1981 - February 28, 1982
- 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
- 14. (Leave elank)
- 16. ABSTRACT (200 words or less)
The species composition, distribution, and population dynamics of wood-boring bivalves are being studied in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey.
Untreated wood test panels are used to collect organisms at 12 stations.
Physiological tolerances of 3 species are also under investigation in the laboratory.
Competition among the species is being analyzed.
In the winter of 1981, the generating station experienced a prolonged outage.
The reproductive cycle of the shipworms was not extended.
Teredo bartschi was very abundant at one station in Oyster Creek and moderately abundant at a second, but did not exist elsewhere in Barnegat Bay.
Some specimens of Teredo bartschi contained larvae in the gills in February.
According to laboratory experiments, Teredo navalis is able to remain active at temperatures as low as 41C, whereas T. bartschi ceases activity (with-draws its siphons) at about 130 C.
- 17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS 17a. DESCRIPTORS Thermal Effects Shipworms Oyster Creek Teredo bartschi Teredo navalis Bankia gouldi 17b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN-ENDED TERMS
- 18. AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 19 SECURITY CLASS (This reporr)
- 21. NO. OF PAGES Unclassified Unlimited20.
SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
- 22. PRICE Uncl assi fied s
NRC FORM 335 (7-77)
Federal Recycling Program
NUREG/CR-2727, Vol. 2 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WOOD-BORING BIVALVES IN THE VICINITY OF THE OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION AUGUST 1982 z
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cl) z LL Li-0