Text

Report 32, Ecological Studies of the Connecticut River, Vernon, Vermont, January - December 2002
	ML062500425
Person / Time
Site:	Vermont Yankee
Issue date:	05/01/2003
From:	; Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, Normandeau Associates
To:	; Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
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ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER VERNON, VERMONT REPORT 32 MAY 2003

ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER VERNON, VERMONT REPORT 32 JANUARY - DECEMBER 2002 VERMONT YANKEE NUCLEAR POWER STATION BRATTLEBORO, VERMONT Prepared for.

ENTERGY NUCLEAR VERMONT YANKEE, LLC 320 Governor Hunt Road Vernon, Vermont 05354 Prepared by ENTERGY NUCLEAR VERMONT YANKEE, LLC and NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC.

25 Nashua Road Bedford, NH 03110 R-18980.010 May 2003

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 Table of Contents Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION

........................................................................................................................ I 2.0 COM PLIANCE W ITH THERM AL STANDARDS .............................................................. 2 2.1 Thermal Standards .................................................................................................... 2 2.2 M ethods of Demonstrating Compliance ............................................................................ 2 2.3 Therm al Impact ..................................................................................... ..... ..... ........... 4 3.0 WATER QUALITY .................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Copper. Iron and Zinc Concentrations .......................................................................... 12 3.2 W ater Temperature ........................................................................................................ 12 4.0 MACROINVERTEBRATE COLLECTIONS .................................................................... 30 4.1 M ethods of Collection and Processing ....................................................................... 30 4.1.1 Dredge Collections ............... :.......................... 30 4.1.2 M acroinvertebrate Rock Basket Collections ................................................. 30 4.2 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 31 5.0 FISH COLLECTIONS ................................................................................................................ 40 5.1 M ethods of Collection and Processing ........................................................................ 40 5.1.1 Electrofishing - General Sampling ............................................................... 40 5.1.2 Electrofishing - Anadromous Fish ............................................................... 40 5.1.3 Impingement ................................................................................................ 40 5.1.4 Larval Fish ................................................................................................... 41 5.2 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 41 5.2.1 General Electrofishing and Impingement Fish Collections .......................... 41 5.2.2 Anadromous Fish Electrofishing ................................................................ 42 5.2.3 Ichthyoplankton ............................................................................................ 43 6.0 2002 ZEBRA MUSSEL AND ASIATIC CLAM MONITORING ........................................ 55 6.1 M ethods of Collection and Processing.................... I.................................................... 55 6.1.1 Laboratory Identification Procedures ................................................................. 55 6.2 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 56 7.0 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................... 58 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 ii Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 List of Figures Page Figure 2-1. Vermont Yankee Core Thermal Power and Plant Discharge Flow 2002 ......................... 6 Figure 2-2. Hourly Average Heat Rejected by Vermont Yankee's Condenser During 2002 ............. 7 Figure 2-3. Hourly Average Connecticut River Flow During 2002 ................................................... 8 Figure 2-4. Simulated Hourly Connecticut River Temperature Increase at Downstream Monitor 3 During 2002. ............................................. 9 Figure 2-5. Measured Hourly Average Connecticut River Temperatures at Monitoring Stations 3 and 7 D uring 2002 ........................................................................................... 10 Figure 3-1. NPDES Sampling Stations. .......................................... 14 Figure 3-2. Monthly Total Copper Concentrations Observed From the NPDES Permit Required M onitoring Stations ......................................................................................... 15 Figure 3-2a. Monthly Soluble Copper Concentrations Observed from the NPDES Permit Required M onitoring Stations ......................................................................................... 16 Figure 3-3. Monthly Total Iron Concentrations Observed from the NPDES Permit Required M onitoring Stations .......................................................................................................... 17 Figure 3-3a. Monthly Soluble Iron Concentrations observed-from NPDES Permit Required Connecticut River M onitoring Stations ........................................................................... 18 Figure 3-4. Monthly Total Zinc Concentrations.Observed at NPDES Permit Required M onitoring Stations .......................................................................................................... 19 Figure 3-4a. Monthly Soluble Zinc Concentrations Observed from the NPDES Permit Required M onitoring Stations ........................................................................................ 20 Figure 3-5. Vernon Dam Fishway Water Temperature Data Between II June and 18 July 2002 ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 4-1. NPDES Macroinvertebrate Rock Basket Sampling Stations 227 and 031 ........... 32 Figure 5-1. NPDES and Anadromous Fish Electrofishing Sampling Stations ................................ 44 Figure 6-1. Zebra Mussel and Asiatic Clam Monitoring Stations (Zebra mussel veliger pump samples and Asiatic clam dredges occur at all Stations and zebra mussel plate sampling occurs at Stations 051, 052,416, and 426) ..................................................... 57 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 iii Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 List of Tables Page Table 2-1. Average Connecticut River Discharge (cfs) at Vernon Station for the Year 2002 ...... 11......

Table 3-1. 2002 NPDES River Water Metals (mg/L) ..................................................................... 22 Table 3-2. Average Connecticut River Temperature (7F) at Station 7 for the Year 2002 ............... 23 Table 3-3. Average Connecticut River Temperature (0 F) at Station 3 for the Year 2002 ............... 24 Table 3-4. Average Heat Rejected by the Condenser (mWt) for the Year 2002 ............................. 25 Table 3-5. Hourly and Daily Average Temperature at (0 F) the Vernon Dam Fishway During 2 002 . ........................................................................................................................ 26 Table 4-1. Total Number, Mean, and Total Percentage of Macroinvertebrates Collected by Rock Basket Samplers at Station 031 and 227 During June, August, and October 2002. ....................................................................................................................... 33 Table 4-2. Macroinvertebrates Collected by Rock Basket Samplers at Station 031 During June, August, and October 2002 ..................................................................................... 36 Table 4-3. Macroinvertebrates Collected by Rock Basket Samplers at Station 227 During June, August, and October 2002..................................................................................... 38 Table 5-I. Sampling Station Numbers, Names, and Descriptions of Sampling Conducted for the Vermont Yankee NPDES Program in the Connecticut River in the Vicinity of Vernon, Vermont .................................................. 45 Table 5-2. Checklist of Fishes (AFS 1991) Collected in the Connecticut River Study Area in the Vicinity of Vernon, Vermont During 2002 .............................................................. 46 Table 5-3. Overall Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) for General Electrofishing Fish Collections in the Connecticut River in the Vicinity of Vernon, Vermont, During 2002 ................. 47 Table 5-4. Combined Total Number and Weight of Fishes Collected by General Electrofishing and Impingement in the Connecticut River Upstream and Downstream of Vernon Dam in 2002 ............................................................................ 48 Table 5-5. Number and Weight of Fishes Collected Upstream of Vernon Dam in 2002 in General Electrofishing and Impingement ........................................................................ 49 Table 5-6. Numbers and Weights of Fishes Collected Downstream of Vernon Dam in 2002 in the General Electrofishing Program ............................................................................ 50 Table 5-7. Monthly Impingement of Fish on Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee's Circulating Water Traveling Screens in 2002 ................................................................................... 51 Table 5-8. Summary of American Shad Caught During the 2002 Anadromous Electrofishing Program in the Connecticut River at Stebbins Island, Station 3, and 0.1 Miles Below V ernon Dam ....................................................................................................... 52 Table 5-9. Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee Ichthyoplankton Sampling Effort (Number of Tow s) in 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 53 Table 5-10. Collection Dates and Total Number of Ichthyoplankton Collected Near the Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee Intakes in 2002 ....................................................... 53 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 iv Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-11. Ichthyoplankton Density per 100 Cubic Meters at the Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee Intakes, by Depth, in 2002 ................................................................................... 54 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 v Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report is submitted on behalf of the Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC (ENVY) and fulfills the requirements of the Final Discharge Permit #3-1199 (NPDES number VT0000264).

This is the second annual report submitted under the five-year discharge permit issued in August 2001 and the first presented Linder the amended (transferred) discharge permit issued in May 2002 to ENVY. Presented in this report are the results of the monthly thermal compliance monitoring and the methods and results of the environmental monitoring program, including water, quality, macroinvertebrates, fish, and zebra mussels. The NPDES permit environmental sampling stations referred to in this report are presented on the NPDES sampling stations map (Figure 3-1).

ENVY experienced two outages during 2002. The first one occurred from 10 May until 27 May, necessary maintenance was required. The second outage took place from 5 October through 25 October for refueling. Larval fish and impingement sampling was not conducted during either outage.

At the request of the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, no adult American shad were collected or processed from the Vernon Dam fish ladder during the spring of 20021 Low passage numbers at Vernon Dam during the 2002 spring season prompted these actions. Adult American shad will be processed during the 2003 migration season unless we are directed not to do so by the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Juvenile American shad studies were conducted during 2002; the final report outlining this study will be submitted under separate cover to the Environmental Advisory Committee in spring 2003 as Analytical Bulletin No. 79. The bulletin is titled "Abundance of juvenile American shad in the Vernon pool during 2002" Entergy Vermont Yankee/Connecticut River System Analytical Bulletin 79.

One task-oriented macroinvertebrate study occurred during the summer and fall of 2002. The final report outlining this study will be submitted under separate cover to the Environmental Advisory Committee in spring 2003 as Analytical Bulletin No. 80. The bulletin is titled "Evaluation of Macroinvertebrate Populations Using Artificial Multiplate Samplers in the Vernon Pool 2002" Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee/Connecticut River System Analytical Bulletin 80.

This report was produced as a collaborative effort between ENVY and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05129/03 1 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

.2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 2.0 COMPLIANCE WITH THERMAL STANDARDS 2.1 THERMAL STANDARDS The operational mode of Vermont Yankee's cooling water system is related to calendar dates and ambient Connecticut River water temperatures as specified in Vermont Yankee's discharge permit (Permit No. 3-1199, NPDES Number VT0000264) effective 29 August 2001. During the 16 May through 14 October (summer) period of each year, Vermont Yankee is permitted to discharge heat to the river within the following thermal standards (A.6.b of the NPDES permit):

Connecticut River Calculated Increase in River Temperature at Station 7 (T7) Temperature above Ambient T7>63°F 2 0F 0

63 F(T7>59°F 30 F 59 0 F(T7>55°F 4 0F 55°F(T7 5 0F During the (winter) period of 15 October through 15 May of each year, Vermont Yankee is permitted to discharge heat to the Connecticut River within the following thermal standards (Section A.6.a of the NPDES permit):

1. the temperature at Monitor Station 3 during open cycle operation shall not exceed 65°F

2. the rate of change of temperature at Monitor Station 3 shall not exceed 5°F per hour, and,

3. the increase in temperature above ambient at Monitor Station 3 shall not exceed 13.4°F.

The river discharge near Vernon is regulated by Vernon Dam and Hydroelectric Station to remain at or above 1250 cubic feet per second (cfs) or inflow if less than 1250 cfs. Since the theoretical maximum increase in temperature due to Vermont Yankee's thermal discharge at a river flow of 1250 cfs is 12.9 'F, these standards, in effect, permit open cycle condenser cooling without cooling tower operation when ambient river temperatures are less than 52.1 'F during 15 October through 15 May.

If ambient river temperatures are greater than 52.1 'F, the amount of heat discharged to the river can be reduced by using the cooling towers if the river flow is low.

2.2 METHODS OF DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE Compliance with the. 15 October through 15 May criterion that limits open cycle operation to times when the downstream temperature is less than 657F was demonstrated by examination of Connecticut River temperature and plant operating data. Rate of change of temperature is defined in the NPDES permit as the difference between consecutive hourly average temperatures. Measurements recorded in the Connecticut River below the Vernon Dam (Station 3) were used to calculate these hourly rates of temperature change.

Increase in temperature above ambient is defined in the NPDES permit as a plant-induced temperature increase as calculated by equation 1-1 in the report 316 Demonstration (Binkerd 1978, Downey and Binkerd 1990). This equation is based on the principle of conservation of energy, a principle which is integral to the computer simulation of the Vermont Yankee/Connecticut River 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 2 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 system. Using measured upstream river temperature, plant operating data and core thermal power, the amount of heat discharged to the river was calculated. Then, using thermodynamic and hydrodynamic principles and river discharge information, the mixed river temperature increase was calculated and compared with thermal standards.

Equation 1-1, rearranged for ease of computer computation using input from the plant environmental thermal sensor network, is as follows:

Equation-la H-_RECIRCt = (TCIt-t - TCI,)

472640.5 /3600 Equation lb IF (TCIT,_ 1 - TCITj)< 10.11 THEN HRECIRC = 0 Equations Ic IF CWP, = 1 AND CWBPt = 0 THEN PUMPCAP, = 267.38 IF CWP, = 2 AND CWBPt = 0 THEN PUMPCAPt = 304.14 IF CWP, = 2 AND CWBPt > 0 THEN PUMPCAPt = 267.38 IF CWPT = 3 AND CWBPt = 0 THEN PUMPCAP, = 259.58 IF CWPt = 3 AND CWBPt > 0 THEN PUMPCAP, = 254.01 Equation lb HRIVt =.(PUMPCAPt

CWPt) * ((TCOt - TCIt) - (CWBPt / CWPt) * (TCO, -

(TETO, + TWTOt) / 2)))

Equation 1: DELTATt = (HRIV, + HRECIRCt) / Q1

where, H_RECIRCt = heat content of the circulating water system and cooling towers in cfs TF at time interval t TCIt.1 = condenser inlet temperature in TF at time interval t-1 TCI1t = condenser inlet temperature in TF at time interval t CWPt = number of circulating water intake pumps operating in time interval t CWBPt = number of cooling tower booster pumps operating in time interval t PUMPCAP, = pump capacity of the circulating water intake pumps in cfs H_RIVt = heat content of the cooling water discharge in cfs 'F in time interval t TCO = condenser outlet temperature in TF at time interval t TETO, = east cooling tower outlet temperature in TF at time interval t TWTOt = west cooling tower outlet temperature in 'F at time interval t DELTA_Tt = average simulated Connecticut River temperature increase at Station 3 in 'F in time interval t Q = average Connecticut River discharge observed at Vernon Dam in cfs in time interval t 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 3 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 Vermont Yankee's Azonix temperature monitoring systems at Stations 3 and 7 are linked to the Station's process computer. This allows Vermont Yankee operators to utilize real time, accurate temperature data for thermal compliance. It also allows Vermont Yankee's Environmental Group an opportunity to generate thermal compliance reporting. Self-contained WaDaR thermistor units remain in the river at Stations 3 and 7 as the back-up temperature recorders to the AZonix. The simulation is based on electronically acquired five-minute river discharge data from the Vernon Dam and Vermont Yankee's five minute observations of thermal temperatures at Stations 3 and 7 and thermal heat discharge to the river.

2.3 THERMAL IMPACT Figures in this section illustrate the principle of conservation of energy as applied to the Vermont Yankee/Connecticut River system. Figure 2-1 depicts core thermal power produced and plant discharge flow by Vermont Yankee in 2002. This data was obtained from five minute records supplied by Vermont Yankee. The licensed maximum reactor core thermal power is limited to 1593 megawatts. About one-third of this power was converted to electrical power, while the remainder was transferred as heat to the atmosphere via the cooling towers, or discharged to the river (Figure 2-2).

Leaking fuel was identified in December 2001 and resulted in a mid-cycle shut down (outage) that began on May 1.1, 2002 and lasted II days. Subsequent to the mid-cycle outage, the Station ran uninterrupted until the start of the scheduled 21 day refueling outage in October 2002. The refueling outage began on October 5, 2002 when the generator was taken off line. The generator was returned to service October 27, 2002. Otherwise the plant remained at fill power throughout 2002, with occasional brief periods of power derating.

Figure 2-3 is a plot of hourly Connecticut River discharge for the Vernon Hydroelectric Station Dam in Vernon, Vermont during 2002. The hourly average Connecticut River discharge was computed using five minute observations obtained by Vermont Yankee through their computer system from sensors installed at the Vernon Dam. When the flows were above 32,000 cfs electronic hourly river flow data was obtained from PG&E New England Generation.

Table 2-I contains the average daily and monthly Connecticut River discharge computed from the hourly observations obtained for 2002 as described above. For discharge greater than 12,000 cfs, a rating curve was used by Vernon Dam to convert stage height to discharge. The rating curve was the same one used by the USGS prior to abandoning the Vernon gauging station (Aquatec 1995). This curve is believed to be sufficiently accurate because backwater from the Northfield Mountain Pump Storage Facility and the modification at Turners Falls Dam have had little impact on stage height near Vernon Dam during times of high discharge (Aquatec 1995). Below 12,000 cfs, discharge data were obtained from turbine rating curves at Vernon Station. The peak daily Connecticut River average flow for 2002 was 59,113 cfs, which occurred on 16 April 2002 compared to 69,762 cfs on 23 April 2001.

The hourly average flows are represented in Figure 2-3. The peak hourly average Connecticut River flow occurred on 16 April 2002 at 65,745 cfs. The lowest hourly Connecticut River flow at Vernon Dam was 1049 cfs observed on 29 August 2002.

The simulated increases in Connecticut River temperature at Station 3 due to Vermont Yankee's operation are plotted for each hour of operation in Figure 2-4. Vermont Yankee's discharged heat remains dependant upon reactor power and plant operational mode. During normal full power operations these values range from 1035 to 1120 mwt. Connecticut River discharge (Figure 2-3),

18980 VY Annual Report-Finaldoc 05/29/03 4 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Vermont Yankee daily average discharge flow (Figure 2-2) and river temperature increase (Figure 2-

4) illustrates that for a constant heat rejection rate to the river, the temperature increase is inversely proportional to the river discharge. Vermont Yankee's operation remained at or below the permit standards for all of 2002 except for one occasion on 5 October 2002 when Vermont Yankee operators secured a piece of Station equipment to support work. Because this equipment was secured and therefore not operable, some of the automated input to the Project SAVE thermal calculation was determined to be unreliable. The control room staff observed unrealistic changes in river temperature and began manual calculation of the rise in river temperature due to the Station's discharge. This event was: 5 October 2002 1100-1200 DST, +0.05 degrees F (above permit limit), Permit Limit + 2.0 degrees F.

During the 15 October through 15 May (winter) period when the thermal discharge permit limit was 13.40 F, the maximum simulated river temperature increase observed was 12.70 F on 23 January 2002 at 0300 when the river flow was 1,367 cfs.

Hourly average temperatures measured at Station 7 and Station 3 are plotted on Figure 2-5. Station 7 is well upstream of the plant, and water temperatures are unaffected by the plant's thermal discharge.

Heat discharged from the plant was well mixed at Station 3, due to passage through the Vernon Dam.

Temperatures measures at Station 3 reflected both the natural and plant-induced changes in temperature between the upstream and downstream locations, and never exceeded the 65" F limit during the period October 15 through May 15 (Figure 2-5). The rate of change of temperature at Station 3 did not exceed +/-5°F permitted change per hour.

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 5 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

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.-------- - - NI NI NI EN N4 N 04 04 N " CO CO C) CI) CI) CI bi Day of the Year a m r Figure 2-3. Hourly Average Connecticut River Flow During 2002.

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Figure 2-5. Measured Hourly Average Connecticut River Temperatures at Monitoring Stations 3 and 7 During 2002.

Table 2-1. Average Connecticut River Discharge (cfs) at Vernon Station for the Year 2002.

> Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec M

Day m 1 2350 7515 12523 35379 19617 12277 10431 4165 2235 1765 4441 7824 w

_0 2 5474 7120 11702 38023 20305 15722 8694 2861 1533 2733 2936 6721

0. 3 4785 7400 10854 28502 25091 16773 7860 2561 1518 2970 1522 6295 0

4 5319 5090 15171 30596 21524 13945 7038 3303 1483 2126 2925 6897 C)I 5 4269 6217 16582 29984 18854 13470 4447 5345 1534 1697 3517 5306 0o 6 2935 5460 14117 24384 17576 12709 4780 3280 2183 1571 5446 4924 7 4214 5122 9565 21784 16049 21595 4174 1585 1515 2385 4503 3588 8 3357 2968 8355 15646 16965 13735 5669 1964 1518 1789 3559 5925 9 3032 3235 9380 14485 13180 11158 6793 2163 1464 1602 3561 5314 10 3121 2360 16957 22430 13431 7781 7344 1871 1479 2611 3937 4908 11 3068 7325 34035 29487 11907 8156 5341 1375 1464 3074 7801 4958 12 2595 6354 26859 24285 11099 10184 3905 2371 1392 2204 8171 5240 13 2223 6840 21033 25361 14183 31151 3697 3882 1431 2357 13721 4822 14 3609 8632 19260 44530 33849 41475 2693 2426 1368 2989 15314 5981 15 4572 4712 18131 52135 36344 36667 4954 1610 1357 4306 10905 5777 r3n 16 3577 5558 17354 59113 28227 30671 4888 2043 1373 4783 7822 8008 CD 17 4280 4488 14256 50611 25972 24084 6005 1509 3706 4856 7941 6815 18 3095 6751 14429 48576 27695 15944 5332 1522 2525 5808 9635 6512 19 2973 7622 12130 43555 29931 12585 4354 1515 .2410 5609 11234 6278 20 2460 7767 14057 38634 27461 11025 6480 1519 1722 5885 8807 6108

~CD 21 2323 5918 11199 34719 23269 11162 7670 1499 1613 5831 10359 8486 22 2843 7981 10763 28502 22479 8805 7115 1469 1617 5910 10288 11509 23 2727 10772 10194 22033 15808 9672 7206 1474 1978 4454 15626 9352 24 2205 11778 9489 19104 11034 12956 2638 1489 2515 3557 18447 8171 25 2354 10241 8797 20438 11305 10718 2594 2579 2997 2825 15890 7787 C) D 26 5088 9546 8755 18377 11389 10589 3622 1925 3083 2596 12611 5751 27 5427 10092 10942 16314 9767 9262 1627 1543 5499 5326 10794 5566 OCD t 28 5006 13281 15198 18028 9281 17365 2373 2092 3922 7280 9479 5401 29 5740 14903 18069 9383 16057 4831 1967 3283 6421 7908 6291 30 5724 17866 21803 8231 14570 5558 1531 3722 6185 6476 6752 31 7944 28776 8365 3528 "2617 4653 6700 4onthlhAvg 3829 7077 14956 29830 18373 16075 5279 2228 2181 3812 8519 6451

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 3.0 WATER QUALITY 3.1 COPPER. IRON AND ZINC CONCENTRATIONS Beginning in April 1996, and continuing through 2002, monthly grab samples of Connecticut River water from Stations 3, 7, and the plant discharge (Figure 3-1) were analyzed for total copper, iron, and zinc, as outlined in the NPDES permit #3-1199. Results of the analysis are presented in Table 3-1 and Figures 3-2, 3-3 and 3-4. Additionally, as discussed at the EAC meeting in 2002 additional samples were monitored for soluble copper, iron and zinc between November 2002 and May 2003.

The soluble metal results for 2002 are included on Table 3-1 and are depicted Figures 3-2a, 3-3a, and 3-4a.

Copper concentrations were observed at or below the detection limit of 0.010 ptg/l in nearly all months of 2002 at Connecticut River water sampling Station 7 and in the Vermont Yankee discharge (Table 3-1, Figure 3-2). The highest concentration of copper observed at Station 7 was 0.0087 mg/1 on 15 July 2002. The highest concentration of copper observed in the Vermont Yankee Station discharge was 0.0262 mg/1 on 16 September 2002. Connecticut River water sampling at Station 3, below the Vernon Dam tailrace, had slightly higher copper concentrations during several months (seven of twelve) in 2002. The highest copper concentration of 0.0592mg/l observed on 15 August 2002 (Table 3-1, Figure 3-2).

Iron concentrations in the Connecticut River water samples were generally less than 0.5mg/L during 2002. The highest iron concentration measured in Vermont Yankee Discharge water was 5.11 mg/L on 16 April 2002. The highest iron concentration of 3.30mg/I was observed at Station 7 on 15 July 2002. The highest iron concentration at Station 3 was 4.27 mg/L on 16 April 2002 (Table 3-1, Figure 3-3).

Zinc concentrations in Connecticut River water samples were generally less than 0.020 mg/l during 2002. (Table 3-1, Figure 3-4). The highest zinc concentration at Station 7 was 0.0303 mg/l observed on 16 December 2002.The highest zinc concentration of 0.2020 mg/l was observed at Station 3 on 16 September 2002. The highest zinc concentration in the Vermont Yankee discharge was 0.0483 mg/I observed on 16 April 2002 (Table 3-1, Figure 3-4).

3.2 WATER TEMPERATURE Water temperature was measured continuously in the Connecticut River at Station 7 and Station 3 during 2002 and at the Vernon Dam fishway during operation. Daily and monthly average temperature data for Station 7 and Station 3 are summarized in Tables 3-2 and 3-3 and were discussed in Section 2.3; the hourly average temperature data for both stations are plotted on Figure 2-5. Hourly and daily average temperature data from the fishway are presented in Table 3-5 and Figure 3-5. The fishway operated daily from II June at 1600 to 18 July 2002 at 0900. During the 2002 period of fishway operation, the hourly water temperature ranged from a low of 58.3°F on 15 June 2002 at 0400 to a high of 80.1°F on 4 July 2002 at 2000.

Calibration of the primary upstream temperature probe linked to the Azonix boxes occurred on 17 April 2002 and the downstream temperature probe was calibrated on 31 May 2002, both calibrations are evident as spikes on Figure 2-5. The spikes occur when the probe has been removed from the river and placed into the calibration equipment.

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 12 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Several lightning storms cause a modem failure to the Azonix temperature probe system at the downstream Station 3 during summer 2002. Backup temperature data from the WaDaR data logger was utilized for all occurrences in which Vermont Yankee's primary temperature system was out of service. Back up data was not Aivailable for a period in June when the WaDaR malfunctioned causing all data to be lost.

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 13 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Figure 3-1. NPDES Sampling Stations.

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05129/03 14 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates,Inc.

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ha Z9 CD 110 CD 0.0100 5, IDM 0.0090

ý0 C,

. CD 0.0080 0

0.0070 -

0.0060- CD Co) 0 ,EU0§,[re 'cotro!,,

hgta iion 0.0050

(( Station'DDis pqg 0

(n) 0.0040 0.0030 CD 0.0020 Co 0.0010 CD 0.0000 CL 0 11/14/2002 12/16/2002 OCD Date of Sampling CD r-Figure 3-2a. Monthly Soluble Copper Concentrations Observed from the NPDES Permit Required Monitoring Stations.

9 C) 5.5000 5.0000 4.5000 0

0 4.0000 CD Crn 3.5000 0 0

E 3.0000

D~t~eahStation~

0 C,,

= 2.5000 Dowmtio.Drdrg S ato 0

2.0000 CD (n

1.5000 CD 0 C 0S 1.0000 0.5000 0.0000 W] A CDr 0

Date of Sampling Figure 3-3. Monthly Total Iron Concentrations Observed from the NPDES Permit Required Monitoring Stations.

C1 1.0000 0.9500 A0 X 0.9000 -

CD 0.8500 0.8000 0

0 0.7500 - CD c.,

0.7000 0 0

0.6500 0

0.6000 -

E Elptrefmýýo~fi7- (cbntr6l)

C 0.5500 0

0.5000 U-

0) 0.4500- U~~i61n:Oikhartqe 'T . CO 00 0 0.4000 CD 0.3500-CD INl 0.3000 0.2500 0.2000 -

0.1500 r~CD 0.1000 0.0500 0.0000 I 11/14/2002 12/16/2002 Date of Sampling 09 Er (D.?

Figure 3-3a. Monthly Soluble Iron Concentrations observed from NPDES Permit Required Connecticut River Monitoring Stations.

0.2500

-o CD 0

-,= CD 0

0.2000 w1 0

C3,

F 0.1500 a)

C/)

E rr, 0.,

O~t~tio!"iDis~chbrg Zo0.1000 CD CD co 0.0500 CD

-10.0000-Co ZI) in z Date of Sampling 0 CD O Figure 3-4. Monthly Total Zinc Concentrations Observed at NPDES Permit Required Monitoring Stations.

C*.

(0 0.2500 CI CD 0 17 0

0 0.2000 0

0 (A

C.)

Ul)

-M 0.1500 E

CD N

st (con trha~,

0 0.1000 I I 6

U)

N) 0 0.0500 (n D 0.0000 11/14/2002

-I-12/16/2002 0

Date of Sampling U)

Figure 3-4a. Monthly Soluble Zinc Concentrations Observed from the NPDES Permit Required Monitoring Stations.

85.00 C

80.00 0)D 0

0-

75.00 o co CO E

CL 70.00 ..... ......... ........ ..

(0 C

C/)

0 (n CD CC

>W 0

" 55.00

- 50.00 0 0 C) 0 C C) 0 0 C0 CD 0 0 0 0 000000 0 00 00000000 0 0 0 N N " N " N N N N N N Da Q N N N N N N N N N N Q N N fu CM 't Lo- ZfD M~ M) o = Cli iý 4 Lo 01.-ýCD a) 0- " MY L.) MD F= M0 Ma)M 0- C')' D 2z :z:z NzC4 N N1 N C1 N N N c')0 Q 0- 0Q 0C- 0 0 0 Z- Z-z 0CD o CDM D CD(D W W W W M W W D CD W W W - r- r r 1I'-r-

- r - r- fl- - 1'-

Date a C co r-15n( )

Figure 3-5. Vernon Damn Fishway Water Temperature Data Between 11 June and 18 July 2002.

Table 3-1. 2002 NPDES River Water Metals (mg/L).

Z0 CZ (D

C, Upstream Station 7 (control) Downstream Station 3 Station Discharge C) Total Metals ing/L mg/L ing/L 0 Date Copper Iron Zinc Copper Iron Zinc Copper Iron Zinc 0*

1/14/2002 0.004 0.827 0.014 0.010 0.274 0.015 0.007 0.262 0.016 CD 2/14/2002 0.004 3.050 0.034 0.005 0.228 0.033 0.002 0.234 0.036 CD 0

21 3/14/2002 0.003 0.379 0.009 0.005 0.486 0.011 0.007 0.474 0.019 0

4/16/2002 0.009 2.900 0.029 0,011 4.270 0.032 0.014 5.110 0.048 (0

0 5/15/2002 0.004 0.786 0.021 0.002 1.410 0.015 0.012 0.510 0.019 0 6/13/2002 0.002 0.478 0.015 0.008 1.330 0.025 0.005 0.797 0.017 0D C.)

7/15/2002 0.009 3.300 0.027 0.016 0.510 0.040 0.010 0.204 0.026 8/15/2002 0.001 0.136 0.004 0.059 1.230 0.148 0.015 0.114 0.010 9/16/2002 0.001 0.089 0.004 0.059 0.325 0.202 0.026 0.168 0.013 CD 10/14/2002 0.004 0.487 0.012 0.012 0.266 0.047 0.010 0.206 0.011 11/14/2002 0.006 0.285 0.017 0.008 0.294 0.031 0.013 0.201 0.018 C,a 12/16/2002 0 0.004 0.941 0.030 0.006 0.229 0.048 0.007 0.192 0.013 Upstream Station 7 (control) Downstream Station 3 Station Discharge Soluable Metals mg/L nig/L ingIL Date Copper Iron Zinc Copper Iron Zinc Copper Iron Zinc 11/14/2002 0.005 0.101 0.020 0.004 0.108 0.012 0.009 0.103 0.016 12/16/2002 0.003 0.113 0.023 0.004 0.112 0.069 0.007 0,091 0.015 0S Cn

.~o P'*.

Table 3-2. Average Connecticut River Temperature (OF) at Station 7 for the Year 2002.

N) co Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec C. Day CD 1 34.5 34.1 33.7 36.9 45.3 52.2 63.2 73.0 76.2 70.4 55.8 41.0 2 35.0 34.1 33.7 37.0 45.4 52.8 63.4 73.1 76.1 70.2 55.1 40.8

0 3 34.5 34.0 33.8 37.2 45.6 53.4 63.7 73.3 75.9 70.1 54.3 40.5 4 35.0 34.0 33.9 37.3 45.8 53.9 64.0 73.4 75.7 69.9 53.6 40.2 M 5 34.6 33.9 34.0 37.4 46.0 54.4 64.4 73.5 75.5 69.7' 52.9 40.0 0

0 6 34.9 33.9 34.1 37.5 46.3 54.8 64.8 73.6 75.3 69.5 52.2 39.7 CD 7 34.9 33.8 34.2 37.6 46.7 55.0 65.2 73.7 75.1 69.3 51.4 39.4 8 34.2 33.8 34.2 37.7 47.2 rnj 0

55.3 65.7 73.8 75.0 69.0 50.7 39.2 9 34.6 33.7 34.4 37.8 47.7 55.5 66.1 73.9 74.9 68.7 50.0 39.1 0:

10 34.1 33.7 34.5 38.0 48.1 55.7 66.5 74.0 74.8 68.4 49.4 38.9 0 11 34.7 33.7 34:6 38.2 48.5 56.0 66.8 74.1 74.7 68.0 48.8 38.7 12 34.1 33.7 34.7 38.5 48.8 56.3 67.1 74.2 74.5 67.7 48.3 38.4 13 34.6 33.6 34.8 38.8 49.1 56.6 67.3 74.4 74.3 67.3 47.8 38.1 14 34.2 33.6 34.9 39.1 49.2 57.0 67.6 74.5 74.1 66.9 47.4 37.8 0

15 34.5 33.5 35.0 39.4 49.2 57.3 68.0 74.7 73.9 66.5 47.0 37.5 CD 16 33.9 33.5 35.2 39.7 49.3 57.6 68.5 74.9 73.7 66.1 46.5 37.2 17 34.4 33.5 35.3 40.4 49.3 57.9 69.0 75.0 73.5 65.5 46.1 36.9 CA3 N/)

0 ( 18 34.0 33.4 35.4 41.0 49.0 58.2 69.4 75.2 73.2 65.0 45.7 36.7 19 33.8 33.4 35.6 41.4 48.9 58.5 69.9 75.4 73.0 64.4 45.2 36.5 20 33.9 33.4 35.7 41.8 48.9 58.9 70.3 75.5 72.8 63.9 44.8 36.3 21 33.2 33.4 35.8 42.2 48.8 59.4 70.7 75.7 72.5 63.3 44.4 36.2 22 33.6 33.4 35.9 42.6 48.8 59.9 71.0 75.9 72.3 62.6 44.0 36.0 23 33.8 33.4 36.0 43.0 48.9 60.3 71.3 76.0 72.1 62.0 43.6 35.8 24 33.8 33.4 36.1 43.3 49.1 60.7 71.6 76.1 71.9 61.3 43.2 35.7

-CDr 25 33.8 33.4 36.2 43.6 49.3 61.1 71.8 76.1 71.8 60.6 42.9 35.5

ýn0 26 33.9 33.5 36.3 44.0 49.6 61.5 72.1 76.2 71.6 59.9 42.6 35.4 tu 27 33.8 33.5 36.4 44.3 50.0 61.9 72.2 76.3 71.4 59.1 42.3 35.2 28 33.6 33.6 36.4 44.6 50.3 62.3 72.4 76.3 71.1 58.4 42.0 35.1 29 33.7 36.5 44.9 50.6 62.7 72.5 76.4 70.9 57.7 41.7 35.0 30 33.6 36.6 45.1 51.1 62.9 72.7 76.3 70.7 57.1 41.3 34.9 31 34.2 36.7 51.6 76.3 56.5 34.8 Mlonth!), Ai 1g 34.2 33.6 35.2 40.3 48.5 57.7 68.3 74.9 73.6 65.0 47.4 37.5

Table 3-3. Average Connecticut River Temperature (°F) at Station 3 for the Year 2002.

C Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec (D Day

'a 0 1 34.5 34.1 33.7 36.9 45.3 52.2 63.2 73.0 76.2 70.4 55.8 41.0 21 2 35.0 34.1 33.7 37.0 45.4 52.8 63.4 73.1 76.1 70.2 55.1 40.8 3 34.5 34.0 33.8 37.2 45.6 53.4 63.7 73.3 75.9 70.1 54.3 40.5 0--

0~

0 4 35.0 34.0 33.9 37.3 45.8 53.9 64.0 73.4 75.7 69.9 53.6 40.2 0~

(0 5 34.6 33.9 34.0 37.4 46.0 54.4 64.4 73.5 75.5 69.7 52.9 40.0 6 34.9 33.9 34.1 37.5 46.3 54.8 64.8 73.6 75.3 69.5 52.2 39.7 7 34.9 33.8 34.2 37.6 46.7 55.0 65.2 73.7 75.1 69.3 51.4 39.4 8 34.2 33.8 34.2 37.7 47.2 55.3 65.7 73.8 75.0 69.0 50.7 39.2 9 34.6 33.7 34.4 37.8 47.7 55.5 66.1 73.9 74.9 68.7 50.0 39.1 "3

10 34.1 33.7 34.5 38.0 48.1 55.7 66.5 74.0 74.8 68.4 49.4 38.9 11 34.7 33.7 34.6 38.2 48.5 56.0 66.8 74.1 74.7 68.0 48.8 38.7 12 34.1 33.7 34,7 38.5 48.8 56.3 67.1 74.2 74.5 67.7 48.3 38.4 13 34.6 33.6 34.8 38.8 49.1 56.6 67.3 74.4 74.3 67.3 47.8 38.1 14 34.2 33.6 34.9 39.1 49.2 57.0 67.6 74.5 74.1 66.9 47.4 37.8 15 34.5 33.5 35.0 39.4 49.2 57.3. 68.0 74.7 73.9 66.5 47.0 37.5 16 33.9 33.5 35.2 39.7 49.3 57.6 68.5 74.9 73.7 66.1 46.5 37.2 17 34.4 33.5 35.3 40.4 49.3 57.9 69.0 75.0 73.5 65.5 46.1 36.9 18 34.0 33.4 35.4 41.0 49.0 58.2 69.4 75.2 73.2 65.0 45.7 36.7 19 33.8 33.4 35.6 41.4 48.9 58.5 69.9 75.4 73.0 64.4 45.2 36.5 20 33.9 33.4 35.7 41.8 48.9 58.9 70.3 75.5 72.8 63.9 44.8 36.3 21 33.2 33.4 35.8 42.2 48.8 59.4 70.7 75.7 72.5 63.3 44.4 36.2 22 33.6 33.4 35.9 42.6 48.8 59.9 71.0 75.9 72.3 62.6 44.0 36.0 23 33.8 33.4 36.0 43.0 48.9 60.3 71.3 76.0 72.1 62.0 43.6 35.8 0m 24 33.8 33.4 36.1 43.3 49.1 60.7 71.6 76.1 71.9 61.3 43.2 35.7 0-25 33.8 33.4 36.2 43.6 49.3 61.1 71.8 76.1 71.8 60.6 42.9 35.5 26 33.9 33.5 36.3 44.0 49.6 61.5 72.1 76.2 71.6 59.9 42.6 35.4 lb 27 33.8 33.5 36.4 44.3 50.0 61.9 72.2 76.3 71.4 59.1 42.3 35.2 28 33.6 33.6 36.4 44.6 50.3 62.3 72.4 76.3 71.1 58.4 42.0 35.1 zn 0Cm 29 33.7 36.5 44.9 50.6 62.7 72.5 76.4 70.9 57.7 41.7 35.0 30 33.6 36.6 45.1 51.1 62.9 72.7 76.3 70.7 57.1 41.3 34.9 31 34.2 36.7 51.6 76.3 56.5 34.8 Monthh,Avg 34.2 33.6 35.2 40.3 48.5 57.7 68.3 74.9 73.6 65.0 47.4 37.5

Table 3-4. Average Heat Rejected by the Condenser (mWt) for the Year 2002.

CD Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec-LDay

0 1 1039 1039 679 952 952 1042 744 1067 1054 985 1044 1042 2 1045 1043 952 893 951 1046 991 1064 1054 989 1046 1042 CD 0

3 1041 1043 11015 951 953 1045 1052 1067 1052 989 1041 1043 4 1043 1045 941 953 .953 1043 1054 1065 1057 976 1040 1042 0 0

5 1041 1042 1045 951 951 827 1057 1060 1062 970 1043 1042 0

6 1043 1041 1037 951 950 1036 1058 1064 1058 109 1042 1043 7 1043 1042 636 953 952 1045 1053 1060 1057 0 1041 1043 8 1042 1042 795 844 955 1044 1055 1056 1060 0 1042 1044. CO) 9 1042 1041 980 951 952 1046 1052 910 1060 0 1043 1040 LJ 10 1038 1041 1017 951 950 1046 1052 1059 1062 0 1044 1040 Cn 11 1043 1045 908 953 956 1046 1053 1064 1056 0 1043 1045 12 1043 1043 1038 952 0 1045 1055 1071 1049 0 1042 1043 13 1042 1041 1043 951 0 1047 1056 1067 1051 0 1045 1042 14 1040 1041 1044 950 0 1044 1057 1070 1048 0 1043 1043 15 1041 1042 1044 620 0 1044 1061 1071 1052 0 1041 1043 16 1040 1042 1045 948 0 1044 1061 1070 1047 0 1043 1040 Z-I 17 1042 1044 1044 951 0 1043 1054 1068 1035 0 1040 1041 18 1042 1043 1044 951 0 1041 1054 1069 1034 0 1042 1043' 19 1042 972 1041 949 0 1046 1061 1073 1030 0 1041 1040 20 1042 1042 1041 949 0 1043 1053 1060 1028 0 999 1041 CD 21 1042 1042 1045 952 0 1045 1053 1062 1028 0 1040 1040 22 1040 1043 951 951 0 1048 1053 1061 1032 0 1039 1041 23 1041 1043 951 952 0 1047 1054 1066 1027 0 1042 1042 0( 24 1041 1040 951 951 376 1046 1059 1064 1007 0 1041 1041 25 1042 1044 950 950 790 1048 1061 1058 1009 0 1041 1040 26 1043 1042 951 948 979 1050 1059 1061 1006 0 1044 1040 27 1039 927 951 952 851 1049 1058 1062 999 338 1042 1042 28 1043 634 590 951 1040 1048 1066 1062 994 262 1041 1040 29 1043 662 949 1045 1049 1070 1061 992 795 1041 1041 30 1038 824 954 1044 1048 1055 1061 986 1039, 1042 1041 31 1045 947 1044 1066 1060 992 -1043 Mon thIv A vci 1042 1021 941 935 569 1038 1045 1059 1036 272 1041 1042 Mont hi v AVQ 1042 1021 941 935 569 1038 1045 1059 1036 272 1041

Trrhln I"Z_4 , I, nnti ra i'01l *hn Vr;nl ,,

I ~ ~ ~IT- u Ij'yLll*lUL A

gi.--g H"bn]Ih, alL~

llf A p-

'Iý lt"j% ulVl *l lll

" ýI f+

L ak r +

IVl 1.l X -n,.nn 11*

%; "VI AXl "J11II Vnnmnnrf

IiaI ".y*

T..

TI III III; In"}I i K)Vz-(0 C Day 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun 15-Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun 18-Jun 19-Jun 20-Jun 21-Jun 22-Jun Htour 0 67.2 65.1 62.7 58.7 59.2 58.5 58.9 60.2 63.6 66.2 67.9 1 67.5 65.2 62.7 58.7 59.2 58.4 58.9 60.1 63.3 66.0 67.8 0 2 67.4 65.5 62.7 58.6 59.2 58.4 58.9 59.9 63.1 65.9 67.8 M" 3 67.5 65.4 62.9 58.4 59.2 58.4 58.9 59.9 62.9 65.6 67.8 4 67.3 64.7 63.1 58.4 58.9 58.5 59.0 59.8 62.7 65.5 67.7

" 5 67.4 64.2 63.0 58.5 58.9 58.2 59.0 59.8 62.6 65.4 67.8 co C6 6CD 6 67.3 63.8 62.9 58.5 59.0 58.4 59.0 59.8 62.5 65.1 67.8 C)7 67.4 64.7 62.8 58.6 59.1 58.4 59.0 59.9 62.5 65.0. 67.8 8 67.1 64.1 62.7 58.7 58.9 58.4 59.1 59.9 62.5 65.0 68.0 9 67.1 64,1 62.6 58.7 58.9 58.6 59.2 60.0 62.7 64.9 68.2 10 67.2 64.2 62.2 58.9 58.9 58.6 59.3 60.1 62.9 65.1 68A4 I1! 67.5 64.1 61.9 58.9 58.8 58.7 59.4 60.3 63.1 65.6 68.5 12 67.5 64.1 61.6 58.9 58.7 58.5 59.5 60.6 63.5 66.1 68.5 13 67.7 64.1 61.2 58.9 58.8 58.6 59.7 61.0 64.0 66.7 68.6 co 14 66.8 64.2 60.9 58.9 58.7 58.6 59.9 61.4 64.4 67.3 68.6 15 67.2 64.2 61.7 58.9 58.8 58.7 60.0 62.0 64.9 67.7 68.6 16 67.8 66.8 64.4 60.2 59.2 58.7 58.8 60.2 62.4 65.4 68.1 68.6 17 18 68.1 68.1 66.5 66.4 64.1 63.7 59.9 59.8 59.2 59.2 58.7 58.7 58.8 58.8 60.3 60.4 62.9 63.3 65.9 66.2 68.5 68.6 68,5 68.4 19 68.0 66.3 63.4 59.6 59.2 58.7 58.9 60.5 63.7 66.5 68.5 68.5 20 68.3 66.7 63.0 59.2 59.2 58.7 58.9 60.5 63.9 66.6 68.4 68.5 Z

ID 21 68.7 66.3 62.9 59.1 59.2 58.7 58.9 60.4 63.9 66.5 68.2 68.6 22 69.0 65.8 62.8 58.8 59.2 58.6' 58.9 60.3 63.9 .66.5 68.0 68.6 23 68.3 66.3 63.4 59.4 59.2 58.6 58.9 60.3 63.7 66.4 68.0 68.6 Daili,Average 68.3 67.0 64.1 61.4 58.9. 58.9 58.6 59.6 61.4 64.2 66.6 68.3 w Z (continued)

CDr-

°rD-Pc*.

Table 3-5. (Continued)

G0 to Day 23-Jun 24-Jun 25-Jun 26-Jun 27-Jun 28-Jun 29-Jun 30-Jun 1-Jlul 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul 05 Hour 0 68.6 69.4 69.3 71.0 72.5 73.5 71.4 71.1 72.8 74.8 77.0 78.5 1 68.6 69.3 69.4 71.0 72.6 73.1 71.3 71.2 72.6 74.8 76.8 78.4 2 68.6 69.0 69.7 71.0 72.8 72.8 71.2 71.2 72.3 74.8 76.5 78.0 0

3 68.6 68.7 70.0 71.0 72.9 72.5 71.0 71.4 72.2 74.8 76.4 77.7 CD 21 i.

4 68.6 68.4 70.2 71.1 72.8 72.4 70.9 71.6 72.2 74.7 76.3 77.4 0 5 68.6 68.1 70.2 71.1 72.7 72.2 70.8 71.6 72.1 74.5 76.1 77.2 0

6 68.6 67.9 CD U, 70.2 71.1 72.5 71.9 70.7 71.6 72.1 74.2 75.9 77.1 (0 7 68.6 67.6 70.1 71.1 72.3 71.6 70.6 71.6 72.2 74.0 75.7 77.0 rri 0

8 68.7 67.3 70.1 71.2 72.3 71.4 70.6 71.5 72.4 74.0 75.6 76.9 0 9 68.8 67.2 70.2 71.3 72.3 71.4 70.5 71.4 72.6 74.1 75.6 76.9 10 68.8 0 67.2 70.1 71.4 72.3 71.3 70.5 71.3 72.9 74.4 75.8 77.0 Q~

K3 11 69.0 67.2 70.1 71.6 72.3 71.3 70.5 71.2 73.2 74.6 75.9 77.1 12 69.1 67.4 70.2 71.9 72.6 71.3 70.6 71.2 73.5 75.0 76.0 77.3 C/)

1q.

13 69.3 67.6 70.4 72.1 72.8 71.2 70.7 71.4 73.8 75.5 76.2 77.6 14 69.6 67.8 70.5 72.2 73.2 71.2 70.7 71.8 74.0 76.1 76.7 78.0 CD 15 69.8 68.0 70.7 72.4 73.5 71.2 70.8 72.2 74.2 76.6 77.2 78.4 16 70.0 68.2 70.9 72.5 73.6 71.2 70.9 72.7 74.3 77.0 77.5 78.9 CD 17 70.1 68.3 71.0 72.5 73.6 71.3 70.9 73.1 74.4 77.2 77.8 79.4 18 70.2 68.4 71.1 72.5 73.7 71.4 71.0 73.5 74.5 77.4 78.1 79.7 03 19 70.3 68.5 71.2 72.5 73.8 71.4 71.1 73.6 74.5 77.4 78.5 80.0 20 70.2 68.5 71.1 72.4 73.6 71.5 71.1 73.6 74.6 77.4 78.8 80.1 0 21 70.0 68.7 71.1 72.4 73.6 71.5 71.1 73.6 74.7 77.4 79.0 80.1 22 69.8 68.9 71.1 72.4 73.5 71.5 71.1 73.3 74.8 77.3 78.8 80.0 23 69.6 69.1 71.0 72.5 73.5 71.5 71.1 73.1 74.8 77.2 78.7 79.9 Dail, Average 69.3 68.2 70.4 71.8 73.0 71.7 70.9 72.1 73.4 75.6 77.0 78.3 (continued)

(n in m 0*r CDr-

Table 3-5. (Continued) co Day 5-Jul 6-Jul 7-Jul 8-Jul 9-Jul 10-Jul 1l-Jul 12-Jul 13-Jul 14-Jul 15-Jul 16-Jul 15 cD Hour 0 79.7 78.1 78.5 78.0 78.6 77.4 76.8 75.4 75.6 76.8 76.5 77.8 1 79.5 78.0 78.3 77.9 78.4 77.0 76.7 75.3 75.4 76.8 76.3 77.5 r-I 2 79.3 77.9 78.2 77.7 78.1 76.7 76.6 75.1 75.2 76.7 76.2 77.2 3 79.1 77.8 77.9 77.5 77.9 76.5 76.4 75.0 75.0 76.5 76.1 77.0 CD 4 78.9 77.6 77.7 77.4 77.6 76.3 76.3 74.8 74.9 76.3 76.1 76.8 5 78.8 77.5 77.6 77.1 77.4 76.1 76.1 74.7 74.8 76.2 76.0 76.7 0

6 78.6 77.4 77.4 76.9 77.2 76.0 75.9 74.5 74.6 76.1 75.9 76.5 0 (0

7 78.5 77.2 77.2 76.7 77.1 75.9 75.7 74.4 74.5 75.9 75.8 76.4 8 78.4 77.1 77.0 76.6 77.1 75.9 75.5 74.3 74.5 75.9 75.7 76.3 fu 9 78.3 77.0 76.9 76.5 77.1 76.1 75.4 74.2 74.6 75.9 75.8 76.3 10 78.3 77.1 76.8 76.7 77.3 76.2 75.4 74.3 74.7 76.0 75.9 76.2 CD 00 11 78.3 .77.3 76.7 77.0 77.5 76.3 75.3 74.3 74.8 76.2 76.1 76.3 W 12 78.4 77.5 76.8 77.3 77.7 76.4 75.4 74.5 75.1 76.5 76.3 76.3 :0 13 78.4 77.8 76.9 77.6 77.9 76.5 75.4 74.7 75.3 76.7 76.6 76.4 14 78.5 78.1 77.1 78.0 78.2 76.6 75.5 74.9 75.6 77.0 77.0 76.4 15 78.5 78.4 77.3 78.4 78.5 76.7 75.6 75.2 75.9 77.3 77.5 76.6 CD 16 78.5 78.7 77.5 78.7 78.6 76.8 75.7 75.5 76.1 77.5 77.8 76.6 17 78.5 79,0 77.7 78.9 78.6 76.9 75.7 75.7 76.3 77.6 78.1 76.8 18 78.4 79.1 77.9 79.1 78.6 77.0 75.8 75.9 76.5 77.6 78.4 76.8 19 78.4 79.1 78.1 79.0 78.6 77.0 75,8 76.1 76.7 77..5 78.5 76.9 20 78.3 79.0 78.2 79.0 78.4 77.0 75.7 76.1 76.8 77.3 78.5 76.9 21 78.1 78.9 78.3 79.0 78.3 77.0 75.7 76.1 76.8 77.1 78.5 77.0

~CDrn 78.1 78.8 78.2 78.8 78.0 77.0 75.6. 76.0 76.9 76.9 78.3 77.0 22 23 78.1 78.7 78.2 78.7 77.8 76.9 75.6 75.8 76.9 76.6 78.0 77.0 aily Average 78.6 78.1 77.6 77.9 77.9 76.6 75,8 75.1 75.6 76.7 76.9 76.7 (continued) 0 C-U CD r

Table 3-5. (Continued)

Day 17-Jul 18-Jul mlHour 0 77.0 79.0 1 76.8 78.7 2 76.7 78.5 2ri 3 76.5 78.2 b.D o 4 76.5 77.9 Q 5 76.5 77.5 C 6 76.4 77.0 o 7 76.4 76.6 0 8 76.4 76.2 9 76.6 76.1 10 76.8 11 77.1 12 77.3 13 77.5 14 77.7 15 78.0 CD 16 78.3 0 CD 17 78.7 -

18 79.0 19 79.2 20 79.3.

0-. 21 79.4 22 79.4 23 79.2 S3 ail),Average 77.6 77.6 0m ow ,

ZIC a)

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 4.0 MACROINVERTEBRATE COLLECTIONS 4.1 METHODS OF COLLECTION AND PROCESSING 4.1.1 Dredge Collections Dredge sampling was discontinued in the current NPDES Permit therefore Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee and Normandeau Associates did not conduct this type of sampling for macroinvertebrates during 2002.

4.1.2 Macroin vertebrate Rock Basket Collections The current NPDES Permit requires the deployment of three rock baskets at downstream stations 227 and 03 1, with no required rock basket sampling at the upstream stations (Figure 5-1). Rock baskets used in 2002 were made of one-inch square, 14-gauge galvanized wire with a PVC coating. The cylindrical basket measured 6.5 inches in diameter and I1 inches in length. Each rock basket was filled with clean cobble-sized rocks from the Connecticut River prior to sampling. Rock basket sampling was conducted during 2002 as stipulated in the current NPDES Permit.

On 4 June, 1 August and again on I October 2002, three rock baskets were deployed each at stations 227 VT and 031 NH. The June, August and October rock baskets sampled for 30 days (Figure 5-1).

Station 227 near the Vermont shore is the most downstream rock basket sampling station. The sampling site is approximately 10-12 ft deep with a substrate of cobble, boulders, and mud. Station 031 is a swift-water riffle area approximately 4 to 5 feet in depth consisting of a sandy bottom, on the New Hampshire shore Upon retrieval, each rock basket sampler was placed into an individual 5 gallon bucket. The rocks were washed onto a number 30 sieve (6001am) and examined for attached organisms in the field. The contents of each rock basket sample were preserved in 70% ethanol for later identification in the laboratory. A total of 18 rock basket samples, three samples from each of two stations for June, August, and October, were collected during 2002.

In the laboratory, the contents of each macroinvertebrate rock basket sample were examined without sub sampling under low magnification (2x) to separate (sort) the organisms from the sediment and detritus. Identification of organisms to the lowest possible taxonomic level, given their life stage and condition, was accomplished using dissecting (45x) and compound (1,000x) microscopes.

Chironomids and oligochaetes were separated by subfamily, tribe, or recognizable type prior to identification to the genus/species level. All or representative subsamples from each grouping were prepared by clearing and mounting and identified with a compound microscope. Where sub sampled, the number of specimens identified to genus/species was used to proportion the remaining individuals from each group into specific taxa. In instances where chironomid or oligochaete specimens could be identified to genus or species without the aid of a compound microscope, no preparation was necessary. Taxonomic keys used to identify all specimens in addition to chironomids and oligochaetes, were: Burks (1953), Hitchcock (1974), Burch (1975), McCafferty (1975), Brown (1976), Simpson and Bode (1980), Wiederholm (1983), Klemm (1985), Roback (1985), Brinkhurst (1986), Peckarsky (1990), Jokinen (1992), Merritt and Cummins (1996), Wiggins (1996).

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 30 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 4.2

SUMMARY

During June, August, and October 2002, a total of 18 rock basket samples were collected and processed after sampling at stations 227 and 031. From these samples, 4,198 macroinvertebrates were identified (Table 4-1). In June, August, and October a total of 1,481, 410, and 1,526 macroinvertebrates respectively were collected at Station 031 (Table 4-2). In June, August and October a total of 276, 369, and 136 macroinvertebrates respectively were collected at Station 227 (Table 4-3). Overall 81.4% of the organisms collected were collected at station 031 and 18.6% were collected from station 227.

Rock Basket Collections During the three 2002 sampling periods, 4,198 macroinvertebrates were collected and identified, and 91% of the total were made up of caddisflies (Tricoptera, 46.0%), true flies (Diptera, 28.4%), and mayflies (Ephemeroptera, 16.3%) (Table 4-1). Overall, more macroinvertebrates were collected at station 031 than at station 227 (Table 4-2 and 4-3).

June 2002 Rock Basket Collections - Stations 227 and 031 The number of benthic macroinvertebrates collected by rock basket during June 2002, was greater at station 031 (1,481) (Table 4-2) than at station 227 (276) (Table 4-3). The upstream station (031) collections were comprised of Trichoptera (49%) and Diptera (48%), which made up 97% of the June 2002 sample. Turbellaria, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Coleoptera made up the remaining 3%

(Table 4-2). Ninety-one percent of the organisms collected from the downstream station (227) consisted of.Trichoptera, Diptera, and Ephemeroptera (Table 4-3), 37%, 37%, and 16% respectively.

August 2002 Rock Basket Collections - Stations 227 and 031 A total of 41 0 and 369 macroinvertebrates were collected at stations 031 and 227, respectively, in the August 2002 rock basket samples. Ephemeropterans, Trichopterans, and Turbellarians contributed 90.0% to the relative abundance at Station 031 (Table 4-2). Ephemeropterans contributed 49% to the relative abundance at Station 227, with an additional 28.0% comprised of Trichopterans and gastropods (Table 4-3).

October 2002 Rock Basket Collections - Stations 227 and 031 During October 2002, macroinvertebrate collections were greater at station 031 than at station 227, 1,526 and 136 respectively. Ninety-four percent of the organisms collected at Station 3 consisted of three taxa; Trichoptera .(59%), Diptera (19%), and Ephemeroptera (16%) (Table 4-2). Eighty-one percent of the organisms collected at Station 227 in October were represented by the following three taxa; gastropods (59%), Trichoptera (13%), and Diptera (9.0%) (Table 4-3).

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05129/03 31 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Figure 4-1. NPDES Macroinvertebrate Rock Basket Sampling Stations 227 and 031.

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29103 32 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 4-1. Total Number, Mean, and Total Percentage of Macroinvertebrates Collected by Rock Basket Samplers at Station 031 and 227 During June, August, and October 2002.

Station 1

31 227 Taxon Count Mean .% of Totall Count Mean % of Total PORIFERA P P P P Total. P P P P NEMATODA 0 0.0 3 0.3 100.0 Total 0 0.0 3 0.3 100.0 PLATYIIELNIINTHES TURBELLARIA Dugesia tigrina 86 9.6 100.0 6 0.7 100.0 Total 86 9.6 100.0 6 0.7 100.0 ANNELIDA OLIGOCHAETA Limnodrilus sp. 1 0.1 50.0 0 0.0 0.0 Nais communis 0 0.0 0.0 7 0.8 100.0 Stylaria sp. 1 0.1 50.0 0 0.0 0.0 Total 2 0.2 100.0 7 0.8 100.0 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Amnicola sp. 0 0.0 0,0 1 0.1 0.9 Ferrissia sp. 10 1.1 76.9 67 7.4 59.8 Menetus dilatatus 2 0.2 15.4 2 0.2 1.8 Physa sp. 1 0.1 7.7 42 4.7 37.5 Total 13 1.4 100.0 112 12.4 100.0 ARACHNIDA ACARINA Hydrachnida 3 0.3 100.0 0 0.0 Total 3 0.3 100.0 0 0.0 CRUSTACEA BRACHIOPODA Cladocera 0 0.0 2 0.2 100.0 Total 0 0.0 2 0.2 100.0 CYCLOPOIDA Argulus sp. 0 0.0 1 0.1 100.0 Total 0 0.0 1 0.1 100.0 ISOPODA Caecidotea sp. 1 0.1 100.0 0 0.0 Total 1 0.1 100.0 0 0.0 AMPHIPODA Hyalella azteca 3 0.3 100.0 42 4.7 100.0 Total 3 0.3 100.0 42 4.7 100.0 DECAPODA Crangonyx sp. 5 0.6 71.4 0 0.0 0.0 Orconectes sp. 2 0.2 28.6 2 0.2 100.0 Total 7 0.8 100.0 2 0.2 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05f29/03 33 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 Table 4-1. Continued.

INSECTA EPHEMEROPTERA Baetis sp. 18 2.0 4.0 2 0.2 0.9 Caenis sp. 0 0.0 0.0 2 0.2 0.9 Ephemerella sp. 1 0.1 0.2 0 0.0 0.0 Eurylophella sp. 4 0.4 0.9 0 0.0 0.0 Isonychia sp. 13 1.4 2.9 2 0.2 0.9 Seratella serratoides 2 0.2 0.4 0 0.0 0.0 Stenacron sp. 17 1.9 3.8 67 7.4 28.9 Stenonema sp. 395 43.9 87.4 158 17.6 68.1 Tricorythodes sp. 2 0.2 0.4 1 0.1 0.4 Total 452 50.1 100.0 232 25.7 100.0 ODONATA Argia sp. 1 0.1 33.3 11 1.2 52.4 Boyeria sp. 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.1 4.8 Enallagma sp. 1 0.1 33.3 I 0.1 4.8 Neurocordulia sp. I 0.1 33.3 8 0.9 38.1 Total 3 0.3 100.0 21 2.3 100.0 PLECOPTERA Acroneuria sp. 5 0.6 8.1 2 0.2 100.0 Agnetina sp. 2 0.2 3.2 0 0.0 0.0 Paragnetina sp. 1 0.1 1.6 0 0.0 0.0 Taeniopteryx sp. 54 6.0 87.1 0 0.0 0.0 Total 62 6.9 100.0 2 0.2 100.0 COLEOPTERA Ancyronyx sp. 0 0.0 0.0 3 0.3 30.0 Dineutus sp. 8 0.9 61.5 4 0.4 40.0 Macronychus sp. 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.1 10.0 Optioservus sp. 3 0.3 233.1 0 0.0 0.0 Stenelmis sp. 2 0.2 15.4 2 0.2 20.0 Total 13 1.4 100.0 10 1.0 100.0 TRICHOPTERA Brachycentrus sp. 2 0.2 0.1 0 0.0 0.0 Ceratopsyche sp. 57 6.3 3.3 1 0.1 0.5 Cemotina sp. 0 0.0 0.0 10 1.1 5.1 Cheumatopsyche sp. 1034 114.9 60.0 65 7.2 33.0 Hydatophylax sp. 0 0.0 0.0 4 0.4 2.0 Hydropsyche sp. 235 26.1 13.6 1 0.1 0.5 Hydroptila sp. 1 0.1 0.1 0 0.0 0.0 Macrostemum carolina 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.1 0.5 Macrostemum sp. 183 20.3 10.6 0 0.0 0.0 Mystacides sp. 1 0.1 0.1 0 0.0 0.0 Neureclipsis sp. 200 22.2 11.6 101 11.2 51.3 Oecetis sp. 6 0.7 0.3 4 0.4 2.0 Polycentropus sp. 3 0.3 0.2 9 1.0 4.6 Triaenodes sp. 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.1 0.5 Total 1722 191.2 100.0 197 21.7 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05129/03 34 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 4-1. Continued.

DIPTERA Ablabesmyia sp. 12 1.3 1.1 7 0.8 4.9 Brillia sp. 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.1 0.7 Cardiocladius sp. 14 1.6 1.3 12 1.3 8.3 Cricotopus sp. 40 4.4 3.8 0 0.0 0.0 Dicrotendipes sp. 12 1.3 1.1 12 1.3 8.3 Endochironomus sp. 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.1 0.7 Eukiefferiella sp. 6 0.7 0.6 -0.1 0.7 Glyptotendipes sp. 7 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.7 Nanocladius sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 Orthocladius sp. 24 2.7 2.3 6 0.7 4.2 Parametriocnemus sp. 1 0.1 0.1 0 0.0 0.0 Polypedilum sp. 130 14.4 12.4 17 1.9 11.8 Rheotanytarsus sp. 353 39.2 33.6 81 9.0 56.3 Simulium sp. 416 46.2 39.6 0 0.0 0.0 Stictochironomus sp. 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.1 0.7 Stilocladius sp. 1 0.1 0.1 0 0.0 0.0 Tanytarsus sp. 6 0.7 0.6 3 0.3 2.1 Thienemanniella sp. 2 0.2 0.2 0 0.0 0.0 Thienemannimyia gr. 2 0.2 0.2 0 0.0 0.0 Tvetenia sp. 24 2.7 2.3 0 0.0 0.0 Total 1050 116.6 100.0 144 15.9 100.0 Grand Total (All Taxa) 3417 379.7 100.0o 781 86.8 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Finaldoc 05/29/03 35 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 4-2. Macroinvertebrates Collected by Rock Basket Samplers at Station 031 During June, August, and October 2002.

Month June August October Taxon Count Mean % orTotall Count Mean % ofTotal[ Count Mean % of Total PORIFERA 0 0.0 P P 0 0.0 Total 0 0.0 P P 0 0.0 PLATYIlELMINTIlES TURBELLARJA Dugesia Tigrina 4 1.3 100.0 82 27.3 100.0 0 0.0 Total 4 1.3 100.0 82 27.3 100.0 0 0.0 ANNELIDA OLIGOCIIAETA Limnodrilus sp. 0 0.0 0.3 50.0 0 0.0 Stylaria sp. 0 0.0 0.3 50.0 0 0.0 Total 0 0.0 2 0.6 100.0 0 0.0 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Ferrissia sp. 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 10 3.3 83.3 Menetus Dilatatis 0 0.0 0.3 100.0 0.3 8.3 Physa sp. 0 0.0 1 0.0 "0.0 0.3 8.3 Total 0 0.0 0.1 100.0 12 3.9 100.0 ARAClINIDA ACARINA Hlydrachnida 0 0.0 1 0.3 100.0 2 0.7 100.C Total 0 0.0 1 0.3 100.0 2 0.7 100.0 CRUSTACEA BRACHIOPODA Cladocera 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Total 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 ISOPODA Caecidotea sp. 0 0.0 1 0.3 100.0 0 0.0 Total 0 0.0 1 0.3 100.0 0 0.0 AMPHIPODA Hyalella Azteca 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 1.0 100.0 Total 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 1.0 100.0 DECAPODA Crangonyx sp. 0 0.0 5 1.7 100.0 0 0.0 0.0 Orconectes sp. 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 2 0.7 100.0 Total 0 0.0 5 0.8 100.0 2 0.7 100.0 INSECTA EPHEMEROPTERA Baetis sp. 18 6.0 64.3 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Ephemerella sp. 1 0.3 3.6 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Eurylophella sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 4 1.3 1.6 Isonychia sp. 1 0.3 3.6 0 0.0 0.0 12 4.0 4.8 Seratella Serratoides 2 0.7 7.1 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Stenacron sp. I 0.3 3.6 16 5.3 9.1 0 0.0 0.0 Stenonema sp. 5 1.7 17.9 158 52.7 89.8 232 77.3 93.5 Tricorythodes sp. 0 0.0 0.0 2 0.7 1.I 0 0.0 0.0 Total 28 9.3 100.01 176 58.7 100.0 248 82.6 100.0 ODONATA 16 Argia sp. 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 I 0.3 50.0 Enallagma sp. 0 0.0 0.3 100.0 0 0.0 0.0 Neurocordulia sp. 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 2 0.3 50.0 Total 0 0.0 0.3" 100.0 2 0.6 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 36 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 Table 4-2. Continued.

PLECOPTERA Acroneuria sp. I 0.3 25.0 0 0.0 4 1.3 6.9 Agnetina sp. 2 0.7 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Paragnetina sp. 1 0.3 25.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Taeniopteryx sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 54 18.0 93.1 Total 4 1.3 100.0 0 0.0 58 19.3 100.0 COLEOPTERA Dineutus sp. 7 2.3 70.0 1 0.3 50.0 0 0.0 0.0 Optioservus sp. 2 0.7 20.0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.3 100.0 Stenelmis sp. 1 0.3 10.0 I 0.3 50.0 0 0.0 0.0 Total 10 3.3 100.0 2 0.6 100.0 1 0.3 100.0 TRICHOPTER.A Brachycentrus sp. 2 0.7 0.3 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Ceratopsyche sp. 57 19.0 8.1 0 0.0 0.0 , 0 0.0 0.0 Cheumatopsyche sp. 270 90.0 38.3 90 30.0 81.8 674 224.7 74.3 Hydropsyche sp. 229 76.3 32.5 3 1.0 2.7 3 1.0 0.3 Hydroptila sp. 1 0.3 0.1 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Macrostenum sp. 144 48.0 20.4 2 0.7 1.8 37 12.3 4.1 Mystacides sp. I 0.3 0.1 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Neureclipsis sp. 0 0.0 0.0 8 2.7 7.3 192 64.0 21.2 Oecetis sp. 1 0.3 0.1 4 1.3 3.6 1 0.3 0.1 Polycentropus sp. 0 0.0 0.0 3 1.0 2.7 0 0.0 0.0 Total 705 234.9 100.0 110 36.7 100.0 907 302.3 100.0 DIPTERA Ablabesmyia sp. 0 0.0 0.0 8 2.7 27.6 4 1.3 1.4 Cardiocladius sp. 14 4.7 1.9 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Cricotopus sp. 10 3.3 1.4 0 0.0 0.0 30 10.0 10.3 Dicrotendipes sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 12 4.0 4.1 Eukiefferiella sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 6 2.0 2.1 Glyptotendipes sp. 7 2.3 1.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Orthocladius sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 24 8.0 8.2 Parametriocnemus sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 I 0.3 0.3 Polypedilum sp. 106 35.3 14.5 6 2.0 20.7 18 6.0 6.2 Rheotanytarsus sp. 161 53.7 22.1 3 1.0 10.3 189 63.0 64.9 Simulium sp. 416 138.7 57.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Stilocladius sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.3 0.3 Tanytarsus sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 6 2.0 2.1 Thienemanniella sp. 2 0.7 0.3 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Thienemannimyia Gr. 2 0.7 0.3 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Tvetenia sp. 12 4.0 1.6 12 4.0 41.4 0 0.0 0.0 Total 730 243.4 100.0 29 9.7 100.0 291 96.9 100.0 Grand Total (All Taxa) 1 1481 493.7 100.0 410 136.7 100.0 1526 508.7 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 37 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 4-3. Nlacroinvertebrates Collected by Rock Basket Samplers at Station 227 During I June, August, and October 2002.

Month June August October Taxon Count Mean % of Totall Count Mean . % ofTotall Count Mean % of Total NEMATODA 0 0.0. 3 1.0 100.0 0 0.0 Total 0 0.0 3 1.0 100.0 0 0.0 PLATYIlELMINTHES TURBELLARIA Dugesia tigrina 0 0.0 5 1.7 100.0 I 0.3 100.0 Total 0 0.0 5 1.7 100.0 1 0.3 100.0 ANNELIDA OLIGOCHAETA Nais communis 7 2.3 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Total 7 2.3 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Amnicola sp. 0.3 50.O 0 0.0 0.X 0 0.0 0.0 Ferrissia sp. 0.3 50.C 19 6.3 63.3 47 15.7 58.8 Menetus dilatatus 0 0.0 0.0 .0 0.0 0.0 2 0.7 2.5 Physa sp. 0 0.0 0.0 I1 3.7 36.1 31 10.3 38.8 Total 2 0.6 100.0 30 10.0 100.0 80 26.7 100.0 CRUSTACEA BRACHIOPODA Cladocera 0 0.0 2 0.7 100.0 0 0.0 Total 0 0.0 2 0.7 100.0 0 0.0 CYCLOPOIDA Argulus sp. 0 0.0 1 0.3 100.0 0 0.0 Total 0 0.0 1 0.3 100.0 0 0.0 AMPHIPODA Hyalella azteca 8 2.7 100.0 18 6.0 100.0 16 5.3 100.0 Total 8 2.7 100.0 18 6.0 100.0 16- 5.3 100.0 DECAPODA Orconectes sp. 0 0.0 1 0.3 100.0 1 0.3 100.0 Total 0 0.0 I 0.3 100.I 1 0.3 100.0 INSECTA EPHEMEROPTERA Baetis sp. I 0.3 2.3 0.3 0.6 0 0.0 0.0 Caenis sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 14.3 Isonychia sp. 1 0.3 2.3 0.3 0.6 0 0.0 0.0 Stenacron sp. 29 9.7 65.9 38 12.7 21.0 0 0.0 0.0 Stenonemna sp. 13 4.3 29.5 139 46.3 76.8 6 2.0 85.7 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0 0.0 0.0 Tricorythodes sp. 1 Total 44 14.6 100.0 181 60.2 100.0 7 2.3 100.0 ODONATA Argia sp. 0 0.0 0.0 j.7 64.7 0 0.0 0.0 I 5.9 Boyeria sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0 0.0 0.0 Enallagma sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 I 0.3 100.0 Neurocordulia sp. 3 1.0 100.0 5 1.7 29.4 0 0.0 0.0 Total 3 1.0 100.0 17 5.7 100.0 1 0.3 100.0 PLECOPTERA Acroneuria sp. I 0.3 100.0 1 0.3 100.0 0 0.0 Total 1 0.3 100.0 1 0.3 100.0 0 0.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 38 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 Table 4-3. Continued.

0.0 COLEOPTERA Ancyronyx Ancyronyx sp. 0 0.0 0.0 3 1.0 60.0 0 0.0 Dineutus sp. 4 1.3 80.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 Macronychus sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 20.0 0 0.0 Stenelmis sp. 1 0.3 20.0 0.3 20.0 0 0.0 Total 5 1.6 100.0 5 1.6 100.0 0 0.0 TRICHOPTERA Ceratopsyche sp. 1 0.3 1.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 10 3.3 13.2 0 Cernotina sp. 0.0 0.0 Cheuniatopsyche sp. 64 21.3 62.1 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 5.6 Hydatophylax sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 4 1.3 22.2 Hydropsyche sp. 0.3 1.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Macrostemum carolina 0.3 1.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Neureclipsis sp. 36 12.0 35.0 53 17.7 69.7 12 4.0 66.7 Oecetis sp. 0 0.0 0.0 4 1.3 5.3 0 0.0 0.0 Polycentropus sp. 0 0.0 0.0 9 3.0 11.8 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 "1 Triaenodes sp. 0.3 5.6 Total 103 34.2 100.0 76 25.3 100.0 18 5.9 100.0 DIPTERA Ablabesniyia sp. 2 0.7 1.9 5 1.7 17.2 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 1 Brillia sp. 0.3 8.3 Cardiocladius sp. 12 4.0 11.7 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Dicrotendipes sp. 4 1.3 3.9 5 1.7 17.2 3 1.0 25.0 Endochironomus sp. 1 0.3 1.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 Eukiefferiella sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.3 8.3 Glyptotendipes sp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.3 3.4 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0 Nanocladius sp. 1 0 0.0 0.0 Orthocladius sp.. 3 1.0 2.9 0 0.0 0.0 3 1.0 25.0 Polypedilumn sp. 11 3.7 10.7 6 2.0 20.7 0 0.0 0.0 Rheotanytarsus sp. 69 23.0 67.0 9 3.0 31.0 3 1.0 25.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 1 Stictochironomus sp. 0.3 8.3 Tanytarsus sp. 0 0.0 0.0 3 1.0 10.3 0 0.0 0.0 Total 103 34.3 100.0 29 9.7 100.0 12 3.9 100.0 Grand Total (All Taxa) [ 276 92.0 100.01 369 123.0 100.01 136 45.3 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 39 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 5.0 FISH COLLECTIONS General and anadromous fish electrofishing samples were collected at all of the Stations specified in the current NPDES permit (Figure 5-1). Larval fish were collected weekly from 8 May through 17 July 2002 in the vicinity of the ENVY intakes. Fish impinged on the circulating water traveling screens were collected weekly from 1 April through 7 May, 28 May to 17 June, 5 August through IOctober, and finally on 28 and 30 October 2002. Station outages occurred from 10 May through 27 May, and again from 5 October to 25 October 2002, and the cooling water intake pumps were not used, therefore no impingement or larval fish samples were collected during these periods.

Electrofishing specifically for anadromous fish was conducted twice a month in July through October 2002, at all of the Stations specified in the NPDES permit.

5.1 METHODS OF COLLECTION AND PROCESSING Table 5-1 describes the station numbers, names and types of samples collected as specified in ENVY's current NPDES permit. The paragraphs below present the methods of fish collection and processing for electrofishing (both general and anadromous), impingement, and larval fish sampling programs.

5.1.1 Electrofishing - General Sampling General electrofishing was conducted with a boat-mounted Coffelt Electronics Model VVP-I 5 electroshocker. Monthly sampling was conducted during May, June, September, and October 2002 in the evening beginning approximately 0.5 hi after sunset at the following Stations: 102, 051, 052, 091, 416, 426, 724, 032, 614, and 217 (Figure 5-1). All fish collected in each sample were identified to species, weighed to the nearest gram (wet weight), and measured to the nearest millimeter (total length). NPDES permit conditions were met with respect to the general fisheries electrofishing program.

5.1.2 Electrofishing - Anadromous Fish Anadromous fish electrofishing targeted juvenile American shad in collections that were conducted with the same boat-mounted Coffelt Electronics Model \VP- 15 electroshocker and sampling techniques used for general electrofishing (Section 5. 1.1 above). These anadromous fish electrofishing samples were taken twice per month during July through October 2002 at Stations 624, 614, 613, 615, 031, and 725 (Figure 5-1). Non-target fish (non-clupeids) were not enumerated or identified during the anadromous fish electrofishing runs. Collected juvenile shad were weighed (to the nearest gram wet weight) and measured (mm total length). All anadromous fish electrofishing samples were successfully collected as specified in the current NPDES permit.

5.1.3 Impingement Weekly and 24 h spring and fall impingement samples were collected on Monday and Tuesday of each week, 1 April through 7 May, 28 May to 17 June, 5 August through 1 October, and finally on 28 and 30 October 2002. Impingement sampling was not conducted during two outages, one for maintenance (10 May - 27 May), and one for refueling (5 October - 27 October), because the cooling water intake pumps were not operated. Weekly samples (i.e., Monday collections) consisted of back-washing the traveling screens into the collection bin. The debris was then examined for Atlantic 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 40 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 salmon (spring) or American shad (fall). The screens were again back-washed approximately 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months later (i.e., Tuesday collections) and all fish were removed, identified to species, weighed (to the nearest gram wet weight), and measured (mm total length). The annual Atlantic salmon and American shad impingement limits of 365 Atlantic salmon and 974 shad were not exceeded during 2002. Current NPDES permit compliance was met with respect to impingement sampling.

.5.1.4 Larval Fish Larval fish sampling is required annually per the NPDES Permit starting in May and continuing weekly through July 17 of each year, when the ENVY plant is in an operational mode. When the plant is non-operational (i.e. during an outage), larval fish sampling is not required. During 2002, larval fish were collected once prior to the 10 May outage, and then sampling commenced one day after the outage ended (27 May), and continued weekly thereafter between 28 May and 17 July 2002 in the vicinity of the ENVY intake structure (Fig. 5-1).

A 50-cm diameter, 363-/.tm nitex nylon plankton net was towed behind the boat, at surface (approx.

0.3 m), mid (approx. 1.8 m), and near bottom (approx. 3.7 m) depths. A flume-calibrated, General Oceanics Inc. Model 2030R mechanical flow meter was mounted in the net mouth and used to estimate the volume of each tow.

During the 19 June 2002 collections, a problem was encountered with the bottom sample. The sampling equipment became entangled with the bottom resulting in a loss of equipment and no bottom sample was collected for that week. Sampling equipment was replaced and the following weeks sample was collected as scheduled. In the future, an effort will be made to have back-up sampling equipment on-board the sampling vessel during sampling to minimize the occurrence of missed samples.

The contents of the retrieved plankton nets were washed into a collection cup fastened to the distal end of the net. Larval fish samples were preserved in 5% formalin for laboratory sorting and identification. Ichthyoplankton was separated from debris using an 8x to 80x variable magnification dissecting microscope. Larval fish were identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level utilizing the following published larval keys: Fish (1930), Lippson and Moran (1974), Jones et al. (1978), and Auer (1982). All larval fish samples were collected in compliance with the current NPDES permit requirements, except as noted above.

5.2

SUMMARY

Twenty-seven species of fish were collected during 2002 (Table 5-2). The total number and species composition were similar to recent years (Aquatec 1993, 1995, and Normandeau Associates 1997-2002). All fish species collected were typical of the Connecticut River drainage. No federally listed threatened or endangered species were collected.

5.2.1 General Ele~trofishing and Impingement Fish Collections During 2002, a total of 40 electrofishing collections were completed among the ten locations within the eight NPDES permit designated Stations (Fig. 5-1, Table 5-3). The total number of fish collected by electrofishing was 793 (Table 5-3). The total catch per unit effort (CPUE) for the 40-electrofishing collections was 118.4. The total electrofishing effort was 6.7 hours8.101852e-5 days 0.00194 hours 1.157407e-5 weeks 2.6635e-6 months .

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 41 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 There were 1,562 fish collected in 2002 during impingement and general electrofishing, including electrofishing stations above and below Vernon Dam (Table 5-4). Numerically, the most abundant species were bluegill (30.3%), yellow perch (24.3%), and pumpkinseed (7.6%), White sucker (25.7%), bluegill (18.6%), largemouth bass (14.4%), yellow perch (9.2%), and sinallmouth bass (9.2%) accounted for the majority of the biomass of collected fishes (Table 5-4).

Upstream of Vernon Dam, bluegill, yellow perch and pumpkinseed, accounted for 69.6% of the total number of all fish collected during 2002 (Table 5-5). Twelve Atlantic salmon and no American shad were collected upstream of Vernon Dam from the circulating water traveling screens (CWTS) at the Plant intake structure. Atlantic salmon and American shad numerically contributed 0.9% and 0.0%,

respectively, to the total upstream catch. White sucker (26.4%), bluegill (20.6%), largemouth bass (17.5%), and yellow perch (11.3%) accounted for the majority of the biomass of the fish collected at the upstream Stations (Table 5-5).

Downstream of Vernon Dam, smallmouth bass, spottail shiner, American shad, bluegill, and rock bass accounted for 77.6% of the total number of fish caught during 2002 (Table 5-6). No Atlantic salmon and 21 American shad were collected downstream of Vernon Dam during the general electrofishing collections (i.e., not including anadromous species electrofishing collections conducted specifically for American shad). Smallmouth bass (37.1%), white sucker (22.9%), and bluegill (9.8%), contributed the greatest biomass to the downstream collections.

No American shad and 12 Atlantic salmon were observed in the impingement collections from the Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee traveling screens during 2002 (Table 5-7). All 12 of the Atlantic salmon were impinged during April 2002. The American shad and Atlantic salmon impingement limits of 974 shad and 365 salmon were not exceeded during 2002. The April and June sampling period yielded 9 1.0% of the total fish collected, 588 and 115 respectively. Yellow perch, bluegill, and sea lamprey were numerically the most abundant species in the impingement samples during the six months of sampling; however most fish were collected during April (Table 5-7).

5.2.2 Anadromous Fish Electrofishing In fulfillment of the NPDES permit requirements for anadromous fish sampling, electrofishing samples were collected twice a month during July through October 2002 at Stations 624, 614, 613, 615, 031, and 725 (Figure 5-1). Results reported in this section include American shad collected and enumerated during the anadromous fish collections only and not those shad reported above in the general electrofishing section.

A total of 41 American shad were collected via electrofishing between July and October 2002 (Table 5-8). October yielded the highest catch of shad (18) compared to the other three months. Shad lengths recorded in October ranged from 90 - 112 mm total length and weight ranged from 4 - 10 g (Table 5-8). The twice-monthly collections during July, August, and September resulted in the collection of 0, 14, and 9 American shad, respectively. The American shad collected during August ranged in length from 67 - 87 mm. September shad collections produced a catch ranging in length from 71 - 103 mm. The CPUE in August was highest at the Station 031 (30.0) followed by Station 725 (12.0) (Table 5-8). The CPUE in September was highest at Station 725 (12.0) and the CPUE in October was also highest at Station 725 (27.0).

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 42 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 5.2.3 Ichthyoplankton Twenty-six ichthyoplankton samples were collected near, but outside of the ENVY intakes between 8 May and 17 July 2002 (Table 5-9). A total of 1,378 ichthyoplankters were identified and enumerated (Table 5-10). Spottail shiners made up 89.7 % of the total ichthyoplankton collected. Common carp, fallfish, white sticker, white perch, centrarchidae, tessellated darter, and yellow perch made tip the remaining 10.3% of ichthyoplankton collected (Table 5-10). Table 5-11 provides a breakdown of ichthyoplankton estimates presented as density (no./100 cubic meters). Most fish were collected at the 0.3 meters depth. With respect to time, spottail shiners were most abundant in July while all other species collected were more abundant in May and June 2002.

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29103 43 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Figure 5-1. NPDES and Anadromous Fish Electrofishing Sampling Stations.

18980 VYAnnual Repoart-Final.doc 05/29/03 44 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-1. Sampling Station Numbers, Names, and Descriptions of Sampling Conducted for the Vermont Yankee NPDES Program in the Connecticut River in the Vicinity of Vernon, Vermont.

Downstream Stationss Station Number Station Name Sample Type(s) 217 Station 2 NIH South General electrofishing 227 Station 2 VT South Macroinvertebrates, anadrornous electrofishing 031 Station 3 NH Macroinvertebrates, anadromous electrofishing 032 Station 3 VT Water quality, general electrofishing 624 Stebbins Island VT Lower Anadromous electrofishing 614 Stebbins Island NH Lower Anadromous electrofishing 613 Stebbins Island NH Mid Anadromous electrofishing 615 Stebbins Island NH Upper Anadromous electrofishing 724 0.1 Mi. Below Vernon VT (Lower) General electrofishing 725 0.1 Mi. Below Vernon VT (Upper) Anadromous electrofishing 020 Vernon Dam Fish Ladder Water quality, adult shad Upstream Stations 051 Station 5 NH Zebra mussel, corbicula, general electrofishing 053 Station 5 Mid-River Zebra mussel, corbicula 052 Station 5 VT Zebra mussel, corbicula, general electrofishing 072 Station 7 VT Water quality 091 NH Setback General electrofishing 102 Rum Point General electrofishing 300 VY Discharge Water quality 416 Station 4 NH North Zebra mussel, corbictila, general electrofishing 436 Station 4 Mid-River North Zebra mussel, corbicula 426 Station 4 VT North Zebra mussel, corbicula, general electrofishing 417 Station 4 NH South General electrofishing 427 Station 4 VT South General electrofishing 800 VY Intakes Larval fish, impingement 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 45 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-2. Checklist of Fishes (AFS 1991) Collected in the Connecticut River Study Area in the Vicinity of Vernon, Vermont During 2002.

Scientific Name Common Name CHORDATA AGNATHA PETROMYZONTIFORMES Petromyzontidae Petromyzon marinus Sea lamprey OSTEICHITHYES ANGUILLIFORMES Anquillidae Anguilla rostrata American eel CLUPEIFORMES Clupeidae A losa sapidissima American shad CYPRINIFORMES Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Unidentified carps and minnows Hybognathus regalis Silvery minnow Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner Notropis hudsonius Spottail shiner Semotihls corporalis Fallfish Catostomidae Catostoinuscommersoni White sucker SILURIFORMES Ictaluridae Armeiurus nebulosus Brown bullhead SALMONIFORMES Salmonidae Salmo salar Atlantic salmon Salmo trutta Brown trout Salvelirnsfontinalis Brook trout Osmeridae Osinerus mordax Rainbow smelt Esocidae Esox lucius Northern pike Esox niger Chain pickerel CYPRINODONTIFORMES Cyprinodontidae Diaphanzsfimnduuhs Banded killifish PERCIFORMES Percichthyidae Morone americana White perch Centrarchidae Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass Lepom is gibbosits Pumpkinseed Lepomis macrochirts Bluegill Al[icropteruts dolonzieu Smallmouth bass Micropterussalmoides Largemouth bass Pomoxis nigromaculatus Black crappie Etheostoma ohnstedi Tesselated darter Percidae Percaflavescens Yellow perch Stizostedion vitreuwn Walleye 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 46 . Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-3. Overall Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) for General Electrofishing Fish Collections in the Connecticut River in the Vicinity of Vernon, Vermont, During 2002.

Number of Electrofishing Stations Collections Hours Fish CPUE Station 3 - Vermont (032) 4 0.667 59 88.5 Station 5 - New Hampshire (051) 4 0.667 117 175.5 Station 5 - Vermont (052) 4 0.667 69 103.5 New Hampshire Setback (091) 4 0.667 156 234.0 Rum Point (102) 4 0.700 86 122.9 Station 2 - New Hampshire (217) 4 0.667 44 66.0 Station 4 - New Hampshire (416) 4 0.667 82 123.0 Station 4 - Vermont (426) 4 0.667 68 102.0 Stebbin Island - New Hampshire Side (614) 4 0.667 52 78.0

0. 1 Miles south of Vernon Dam (724) 4 0.667 60 90.0 Total 40 6.700 793 118.4 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05129/03 47 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-4. Combined Total Number and Weight of Fishes Collected by General Electrofishing and Impingement in the Connecticut River Upstream and Downstream of Vernon Dam in 2002.

Total Relative Number Relative Weight

(#) (%) Total Weight (g) (%)

Carps and Minnows 2 0.1 2106 2.1 Banded killifish 2 0.1 4 0.0 Sea lamprey 71 4.5 236 0.2 American eel 2 0.1 45 0.0 American shad 22 1.4 126 0.1 Atlantic salmon 13 0.8 476 0.4 Brook trout 1 0.1 1500 1.5 Rainbow smelt 1 0.1 15 0.0 Northern pike 1 0.1 850 0.8 0.3 989 1.0" Chain pickerel 5 Silvery minnow 6 0.4 25 0.0 Golden shiner 32 2.0 992 1.0 Spottail shiner 116 7.4 396 0.4 Fallfish 13 0.8 973 1.0 White sucker 34 2.2 25034 25.7 Brown bullhead 22 1.4 235 0.2 White perch 4 0.3 63 0.0 Rock bass 92 5.9 3106 3.1 Pumpkinseed 118- 7.6 6755 6.9 Bluegill 473 30.3 18047 18.5 Smallmouth bass 86 5.5 8918 9.1 Largemouth bass 34 2.2 13991 14.3 Black crappie 14 0.9 484 0.5 Tesselated darter 9 0.6 20 0.0 Yellow perch 379 24.3 8988 9.2 Walleye 10 0.6 2902 2.9 TOTAL 1562 100.0 97276 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 48 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-5. Number and Weight of Fishes Collected Upstream of Vernon Dam in 2002 in General Electrofishing and Impingement.

Electrofishing Impingement Summary Total Total Relative Relative Weight Weight Total Number Total Weight Fish Taxa Number (g) Number (g) (#) (g) (%)

Carps and Minnows 1 2100 1 6 2 0.1 2106 2.7 Sea lamprey 0 0 69 228 69 5.1 228 0.3 American shad 0 0 1 0 1 0.1 0 0.0 Atlantic salmon 0 0 13 476 13 1.0 476 0.6 Rainbow smelt 0 0 1 15 1 0.1 15 0.0 Northern pike 1 850 0 0 1 0.1 850 1.1 Chain pickerel 5 989 0 0 5 0.4 989 1.3 Silvery minnow. 2 19 2 4 4 0.3 23 0.0 Golden shiner 29 886 2 104 31 2.3 990 1.3 Spottail shiner 17 39 59 272 76 5.6 311 0.4 White sucker 18 19611 10 1214 28 2.1 20825 26.4 Brown bullhead 0 0 22 235 22 1.6 235 0.3 White perch 3 58 1 .5 4 0.3 63 0.1 Rock bass 5 56 74 1947 79 5.9 2003 2.5 Pumpkinseed 81 4764 27 1632 108 8.0 6396 8.1 Bluegill 197 7111 254 9142 451 33.5 16253 20.6 Smallmouth bass 6 1525 9 583 15 1.1 2108 . 2.7 Largemouth bass 31 13782 2 9 33 2.4 13791 17.5 Black crappie 4 107 7 371 11 0.8 478 0.6 Tesselated darter 1 1 8 19 9 0.7 20 0.0 Yellow perch 175 5675 203 3275 378 28.1 8950 11.3 Walleye 2 1450 4 370 6 0.4 1820 2.3 Total 578 59023 769 19907 1347 100.0 78930 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 49 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-6. Numbers and Weights of Fishes Collected Downstream of Vernon Dam in 2002 in the General Electrofishing Program.

Total Relative Total Relative Fish Taxa Number Number (%) WVeight (g) Weight (%)

Banded killifish 2 0.9 4 0.0 Sea lamprey 2 0.9 8 0.0 American eel 2 0.9 45 0.2 American shad 21 9.8 126 0.7 Brook trout 1 0.5 1500 8.2 Silvery minnow 2 0.9 2 0.0 Golden shiner 1 0.5 2 0.0 Spottail shiner 40 18.6 85 0.5 Fallfish 13 6.0 973 5.3 White sucker 6 2.8 4209 22.9 Rock bass 13 6.0 1103 6.0 Pumpkinseed 10 4.7 359 2.0 Bluegill 22 10.2 1794 9.8 Smallmouth bass 71 33.0 6810 37.1 Largemouth bass 1 0.5 200 1.1 Black crappie 3 1.4 6 0.0 Yellow perch 1 0.5 38 0.2 Walleye 4 1.9 1082 5.9 Total 215 100.0 18346 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 50 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and Normandeau Associates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-7. Monthly Impingement of Fish on Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee's Circulating Water Traveling Screens in 2002.

April May June August September October Wt Fish Taxa # (g) Wt (g) # Wt (g) # Wt (g) # Wt_(g) # Wt (g)

Sea lamprey 69 228 American shad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atlantic salmon 12 466 0 0 0 0 Brown trout 1 10 Rainbow smelt 1 15 Silvery minnow 1 2 1 2 Golden shiner 2 104 Spottail shiner 58 271 1 1 White sucker 9 114 1 1100 Brown bullhead 22 235 White perch 1 5 Rockbass 56 1391 3 8 11 333 3 213 1 2 Pumpkinseed 25 1490 2 142 Bluegill 130 3039 6 12 78 159 27 4455 10 1419 3 58 Smallmouth bass 3 364 1 3 4 126 1 90 Largemouth bass 1 6 1 3 Black crappie 3 268 2 95 2 8 Tesselated darter 8 19 Yellow perch 182 3159 2 9 19 107 Walleye 4 370 Carps and Minnows 1 6 Total [ 588 115561 11 29 1115 1853 37 4892 11 1509 6 68 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 - 51 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee Ecological Studies Report 32 Table 5-8. Summary of Ameiican Shad Caught During the 2002 Anadromous Electrofishing Program in the Connecticut River at Stebbins Island, Station 3, and 0.1 Miles Below Vernon Dam.

Minimum Minimum Maximum No. of Length Maximum Weight Weight Month and Station Fish Hours CPUE (mm) Length (mm) (g) (g)

July Station 3 (031) 0 0.33 0 - - -

Stebbin Island (613,614,615,624) 0 1.33 0 - - -

0.1 Miles south of Vernon Dam 0 0.33 0 - - - -

(725)

August Station 3 (031) 10 0.33 30 67 87 4 7 0 1.33 0 - - - -

Stebbin Island(613,614,615,624) 0.1 Miles south of Vernon Dam 4 0.33 12 74 86 3 6 (725)

September Station 3 (031) 3 0.33 9 71 97 3 8 Stebbin Island (613,614,615,624) 2 1.33 1.5 95 103" 7 9 0.1 Miles south of Vernon Dam 4 0.33 12 80 100 4 7 (725)

October Station 3 (031) 5 0.33 15 91 98 4 6 Stebbin Island (613,614,615,624) 4 1.33 .3 88 97 4 6 0.1 Miles south of Vernon Dam 9 0.33 27 90 112 5 10 (725) 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 52 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-9. Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee Ichthyoplankton Sampling Effort (Number of Tows) in 2002.

Depth (m) May June July Total 0.3 2 4 3 9 1.8 2 4 3 9 3.7 2 3 3 8 Totals 6 11 9 26 Table 5-10. Collection Dates and Total Number of Ichthyoplankton Collected Near the Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee Intakes in 2002.

Earliest Species Capture Latest Capture Number Percent Common carp 2-Jul-02 10-Jul-02 2 0.1 Spottail shiner 4-Jun-02 17-Jul-02 1236 89.7 Fallfish 10-Jul-02 10-Jul-02 3 0.2 White sucker 28-May-02 19-Jun-02 2 0.1 White perch 28-May-02 2-Jul-02 75 5.4 Centrarchidae 2-Jul-02 17-Jul-02 27 2.0 Tesselated darter 13-Jun-02 13-Jun-02 4 0.3 Yellow perch 8-May-02 8-May-02 29 2.1 Total 1378 100.0 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 53 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Table 5-11. Ichthyoplankton Density per 100 Cubic Meters at thý Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee Intakes, by Depth, in 2002.

Collection Mean Density at Depth (m) Water Colunin Date Fish Species 0.3 1.8 3.7 Mean Density 8-May-02 Yellow perch 2.49 16.30 6.23 8.34 28-May-02 White perch 8.17 6.89 1.76 5.61 White sucker 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.34 4-Jun-02 Spottail shiner 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.30 White perch 3.61 2.47 8.71 4.93 13-Jun-02 Spottail shiner 7.05 2.00 0.00 3.02 Tesselated darter 0.00 1.00 2.61 1.20 White perch 1.01 3.99 2.61 2.54 19-Jun-02 Spottail shiner 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.35 White sucker 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.35 27-Jun-02 Spottail shiner 6.57 13.06 3.80 7.81 White perch 6.57 9.04 0.95 5.52 2-Jul-02 Centrarchidae 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.32 Common carp 0.00 0.00 1.08 0.36 Spottail shiner 81.62 10.42 16.18 36.07 White perch 0.00 3.79 10.79 4.86 10-Jul-02 Centrarchidae 0.00 3.21 8.76 3.99 Common carp 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.32 Fallfish 2.79 0.00 0.00 0.93.

Spottail shiner 602.76 101.79 74.99 259.85 17-Jul-02 Centrarchidae 1.29 5.38 7.92 4.86 Spottail shiner 116.22 138.72 50.49 101.81 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29103 54 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 6.0 2002 ZEBRA MUSSEL AND ASIATIC CLAM MONITORING 6.1 METHODS OF COLLECTION AND PROCESSING Larval (veliger) sampling was conducted bi-weekly between 22 May and 21 October 2002.

Collections were made at quarter points (NH and VT shores, and mid-river) at Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee stations 4 and 5 (Fig 6-1). Approximately 1,000 liters of river water was pumped through a 64-micron plankton net at each quarter point for each collection. Six samples were collected during each bi-weekly collection trip for a total of 60 pumped veliger samples in 2002.

Samples were preserved in 70% ethanol for examination in the laboratory for the presence of the microscopic veligers.

Juvenile/adult (settling stage) zebra mussel sampling was conducted between 8 May and 21 October 2002 near the New Hampshire and Vermont shores at Vermont Yankee stations 4 and 5 (Fig 6-1).

One settlement plate sampler was deployed at each station for a total of four samplers. Settlement plates were made of six, 6 in X 6 in plates of PVC strung onto a bolt with approximately 1.25 in between plates. The sampler was suspended in the water column at 2-3 m below the surface, depending on river depth at the sampling station. The plate sampler at each Station was examined approximately every two weeks for newly settled adult zebra mussels. One plate from each sampler was then randomly selected and cleaned into a number 64-micron sieve. The sample was then preserved in 70% ethanol for examination in the laboratory.

High river flows occurred for approximately five days in June 2002. Equipment loss was anticipated, so the zebra mussel plates were retrieved on 13 June and not deployed again until 19 June. Therefore, four samples were missed during the period 6 June through 19 June due to the high flow conditions.

One plate sampler deployed at Station 416 on 27 August 2002, could not be located two weeks later when retrieval was attempted. A new plate sampler was deployed at that location on the day after the plate sampler was determined to be lost and was checked approximately 2 weeks later for settlement.

Therefore, one zebra mussel settling plate sample was not collected between 27 August and 13 September 2002.

A total of forty-two zebra mussel settling plate samplers were deployed during the period 8 May through 21 October 2002.

Asiatic clam (Corbicula)samples were collected with a 9-inch Ponar dredge in June, August, and October 2002 at Stations 051,953, 052, 416, 436, and 426 (Figure 6-1). Dredge samples were collected at all six locations (near the New Hampshire shore, mid-stream, and near the Vermont shore) for a total of 18 dredges. All dredge samples were sieved through a standard USGS number 30-sieve in the field, prior to being preserved in 70% ethanol for later identification in the laboratory.

6.1.1 Laboratory Identification Procedures Each zebra mussel veliger sample was emptied into a petri dish and examined in entirety with cross-polarized light on a dissecting microscope with 40x magnification. The use of cross polarized light allows zebra mussel veligers to be distinguished from other planktonic organisms that are also collected in the samples, as the larval shells stand out as bright spots against a dark background (Johnson 1996). In the laboratory, the 18 CorbiculaPonar dredge samples from each quarter point 18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05129/03 55 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 per location (Ni-, mid-stream, and VT), per station (Station 4 and 5) ivere examined in entirety under low magnification (2x).

6.2

SUMMARY

River water temperatures ranged from 9.8°C to 27.9°C, dissolved oxygen ranged from 7.2 to 12.2 mg/l, and pH ranged from 5.8 to 8.5 during veliger and settlement plate sampling in the vicinity of the Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee Plant (Stations 4 and 5).

There were no Asiatic clams or any life stages of zebra mussels found in any samples collected during the 2002 Vermont Yankee monitoring program.

In addition to the zebra mussel sample collections, zebra mussel information cards were distributed to local venders, such as sporting good stores, bait shops, and marinas, during 2002.

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 56 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 Figure 6-1. Zebra Mussel and Asiatic Clam Monitoring Stations (Zebra mussel veliger pump samples and Asiatic clam dredges occur at all Stations and zebra mussel plate sampling occurs at Stations 051, 052, 416, and 426).

18980 VY Annual Report-Final.doc 05/29/03 57 Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC and NormandeauAssociates, Inc.

2002 Vermont Yankee EcologicalStudies Report 32 7.0 LITERATURE CITED AFS (American Fisheries Society) 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes: Special Publication

20. Bethesda, Maryland.

Aquatec. 1993. Ecological studies of the Connecticut River, Vernon, Vermont. Report 22, January December 1992. Report prepared for Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp., Brattleboro, VT.

Aquatec. 1995. Ecological studies of the Connecticut River, Vernon, Vermont. Report 24, January December 1994. Report prepared for Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp., Brattleboro, VT.

Auer, N.A. (ed.). 1982. Identification of larval fishes of the Great Lakes basin with emphasis on the Lake Michigan drainage. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, MI. Special Publication. 744 pp.

Binkered, R.C. 1978. 316 Demonstration, Engineering, Hydrological & Biological Information and Environmental Impact Assessment. Aquatec, Inc. for Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corporation.

Brinkhurst, R.O. 1986. Guide to the freshwater aquatic microdrile oligochaetes of North America.

Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol. 84. Ottawa, Canada.

Brown, H.P. 1976. Aquatic dryopoid beetles (Coleoptera) of the United States. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. Water Pollution Control Research Series 18050 EID04/72. Cincinnati, OH.

Burch, J.B. 1975. Freshwater unionacean clams (Mollusks: Pelecypoda) of North America. Revised edition. Malacological Publications. Hamburg, Michigan.

Burks, B.D. 1953. The mayflies of Ephemeroptera of Illinois. Bull. I1l. Nat. Hist. Survey 26(1).

Downey, P.C. and R.C. Binkered. 1990. 316 Demonstration, Engineering, Hydrological & Biological Information and Environmental Impact Assessment. Aquatec, Inc. for Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corporation.

Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC & Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2001. Ecological studies of the Connecticut River Vernon, Vermont. Report 30, January - December 2000.

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Table 3.2 - Average Connecticut River Temperature (deg F) at Station 7 for the Year 2002 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Day 1.0 34.5 34.1 33.7 36.9 45.3

52.2 63.2 73.0 2.0 35.0 34.1 33.7 37.0 45.4 52.8 63.4 73.1 3.0 34.5 34.0 33.8 37.2 45.6 53.4 63.7 73.3 4.0 35.0 34.0 33.9 37.3 45.8 53.9 64.0 73.4 5.0 34.6 33.9 34.0 37.4 46.0 54.4 64.4 73.5 6.0 34.9 33.9 34.1 37.5 46.3 54.8 64.8 73.6 7.0 34.9 33.8 34.2 37.6 46.7 55.0 65.2 73.7 8.0 34.2 33.8 34.2 37.7 47.2 55.3 65.7 73.8 9.0 34.6 33.7 34.4 37.8 47.7 55.5 66.1 73.9 10.0 34.1 33.7 34.5 38.0 48.1 55.7 66.5 74.0 11.0 34.7 33.7 34.6 38.2 48.5 56.0 66.8 74.1 12.0 34.1 33.7 34.7 38.5 48.8 56.3 67.1 74.2 13.0 34.6 33.6 34.8 38.8 49.1 56.6 67.3 74.4 14.0 34.2 33.6 34.9 39.1 49.2 57.0 67.6 74.5 15.0 34.5 33.5 35.0 39.4 49.2 57.3 68.0 74.7 16.0 33.9 33.5 35.2 39.7 49.3 57.6 68.5 74.9 17.0 34.4 33.5 35.3 40.4 49.3 57.9 69.0 75.0 18.0 34.0 33.4 35.4 41.0 49.0 58.2 69.4 75.2 19.0 33.8 33.4 35.6 41.4 48.9 58.5 69.9 75.4 20.0 33.9 33.4 35.7 41.8 48.9 58.9 70.3 75.5 21.0 33.2 33.4 35.8 42.2 48.8 59.4 70.7 75.7 22.0 33.6 33.4 35.9 42.6 48.8 59.9 71.0 75.9 23.0 33.8 33.4 36.0 43.0 48.9 60.3 71.3 76.0 24.0 33.8 33.4 36.1 43.3 49.1 60.7 71.6 76.1 25.0 33.8 33.4 36.2 43.6 49.3 61.1 71.8 76.1 26.0 33.9 33.5 36.3 44.0 49.6 61.5 72.1 76.2 27.0 33.8 33.5 36.4 44.3 50.0 61.9 72.2 76.3 28.0 33.6 33.6 36.4 44.6 50.3 62.3 72.4 76.3 29.0 33.7 36.5 44.9 50.6 62.7 72.5 76.4 30.0 33.6 36.6 45.1 51.1 62.9 72.7 76.3 31.0 34.2 36.7 51.6 76.3 Monthly Avg 34.2 33.6 35.2 40.3 48.5 57.7 68.3 74.9

Sep Oct Nov Dec 76.2 70.4 55.8 41.0 76.1 70.2 55.1 40.8 75.9 70.1 54.3 40.5 75.7 69.9 53.6 40.2 75.5 69.7 52.9 40.0 75.3 69.5 52.2 39.7 75.1 69.3 51.4 39.4 75.0 69.0 50.7 39.2 74.9 68.7 50.0 39.1 74.8 68.4 49.4 38.9 74.7 68.0 48.8 38.7 74.5 67.7 48.3 38.4 74.3 67.3 47.8 38.1 74.1 66.9 47.4 37.8 73.9 66.5 47.0 37.5 73.7 66.1 46.5 37.2 73.5 65.5 46.1 36.9 73.2 65.0 45.7 36.7 73.0 64.4 45.2 36.5 72.8 63.9 44.8 36.3 72.5 63.3 44.4 36.2 72.3 62.6 44.0 36.0 72.1 62.0 43.6 35.8 71.9 61.3 43.2 35.7 71.8 60.6 42.9 35.5 71.6 59.9 42.6 35.4 71.4 59.1 42.3 35.2 71.1 58.4 42.0 35.1 70.9 57.7 41.7 35.0 70.7 57.1 41.3 34.9 56.5 34.8 73.6 65.0 47.4 37.5

Table 3.3 - Average Connecticut River Temperature (deg F) at Station 3 for the Year 2002.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug

.Day 1.0 40.5 36.7 35.3 37.6 45.6 50.9 60.7 76.6 2.0 37.2 36.7 35.3 37.8 45.7 49.5 63.1 76.7 3.0 36.0 36.6 35.4 37.9 45.9 49.4 65.6 76.8 4.0 35.9 36.6 35.5 38.1 46.1 50.0 66.0 76.8 5.0 36.-0 36.6 35.6 38.2 46.3 50.4 66.4 76.9 6.0 37.3 36.5 35.6 38.3 46.7 50.2 67.6 77.0 7.0 36.7 36.4 35.6 38.4 47.1 50.5 68.0 77.0 8.0 36.2 36.4 35.7 38.5 47.6 50.7 68.5 77.0 9.0 36.6 36.5 35.7 38.7 48.1 50.9 69.0 77.1 10.0 37.1 36.5 35.8 38.8 48.6 51.2 69.4 77.1 11.0 36.8 36.5 35.9 39.0 49.0 51.5 69.7 77.2 12.0. 38.0 36.4 35.8 39.3 49.3 51.9 70.0 77.3 13.0 38.5 36.3 35.8 39.6 49.6 52.2 70.3 77.5 14.0 37.4 36.2 35.9 40.0 49.7 52.6 70.7 77.6 15.0 36.0 36.1 36.0 40.3 49.8 52.9 71.2 77.7 16.0 36.6 36.1 36.1 40.6 49.8 53.3 71.8 77.8 17.0 36.1 36.1 36.2 40.9 49.9 53.6 72.3 78.0 18.0 36.7 36.0 36.3 41.2 50.0 53.9 72.9 78.1 19.0 37.4 35.9 36.4 41.7 49.9 54.3 73.4 78.3 20.0 37.8 35.8 36.4 42.1 49.9 54.8 73.8 78.5 21.0 38.1 35.7 36.5 42.5 49.9 55.3 74.2 78.6 22.0 38.0 35.6 36.6 42.9 49.9 55.9 74.5 78.7 23.0 37.5 35.5 36.6 43.3 50.0 56.4 74.9 78.8 24.0 38.7 35.4 36.7 43.6 50.2 56.8 75.1 78.8 25.0 39.1 35.3 36.8 43.9 50.4 57.2 75.4 78.8 26.0 36.8 35.3 36.9 44.2 50.8- 57.7 75.6 78.9 27.0 35.3 35.3 37.0 44.5 51.2 58.1 75.8 78.9 28.0 35.6 35.3 37.1 44.9 51.6 58.5 75.9 79.0 29.0 35.6 37.2 45.2 52.0 58.8 76.0 79.0 30.0 35.3 37.3 45.4 52.5 59.1 76.2 78.9 31.0 36.9 37.5 52.4 76.4 78.8 Mont hly.Ayg ' 37.0 36.1 36.2 40.9 49.2 53.6 71.3 77.9

Sep Oct Nov Dec 78.6 72.2 56.9 43.7 78.5 72.0 56.3 43.4 78.3 71.9 55.7 43.0 78.1 71.7 55.1 42.6 77.9 71.5 54.5 42.1 77.7 71.2 53.8 41.7 77.5 71.0 53.2 41.4 77.3 70.7 52.6 41.1 77.2 70.3 52.1 40.8 77.1 70.0 51.5 40.5 77.0 69.6 51.0 40.1 76.8 69.1 50.5 39.8 76.5 68.8 50.1 39.5 76.2 68.4 49.7 39.2 76.0 67.9 49.3 38.8 75.7 67.5 49.0 38.5 75.5 66.9 48.6 38.1 75.2 66.3 48.2 37.8 74.9 65.7 47.8 37.5 74.6 65.1 47.4 37.3 74.4 64.5 47.0 37.1 74.1 63.8 46.6 36.9 74.0 63.1 46.3 36.7 73.8 62.4 45.9 36.5 73.6 61.6 45.6 36.3 73.4 60.9 45.3 36.1 73.2 60.2 45.0 35.9 72.9 59.4 44.7 35.8 72.7 58.8 44.4 35.6 72.5 58.1 44.1 35.5 57.5 35.4 75.7 66.4 49.6 38.9

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