ML060170638

Pjm Slides, Voltage Control for Nuclear Power Plants in Pjm

ML060170638
Person / Time
Site:	Vogtle
Issue date:	01/17/2006
From:	PJM Interconnection
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Matthew McConnell NRR/DE/EEIB
References
Download: ML060170638 (12)

Text

ADAMS/ACCESSION NO.: ML060170638 Voltage Control for Nuclear Power Plants in PJM NRC Public Meeting January 9-10, 2006

©2003 PJM ENCLOSURE 8

Overview of PJM PJM Interconnection serves as the regional transmission organization (RTO) for a 164,260-square-mile area that cover all or parts of Delaware, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia.

Population - 51 million Generating sources - 1,271, with diverse fuel types Generating capacity - 164,597 megawatts Peak demand - 135,000 megawatts Annual energy delivery - 700 million megawatt-hours Transmission lines - 56,070 miles Members/customers - more than 390 Cumulative billing - $28 billion since 1997 NPPs are a key energy source 2002 Data in the PJM market area PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

Overview of PJMNuclear Plants

• Byron 1&2

• DC Cook 1&2

• Quad Cities1&2

• Susquehanna 1&2

• Braidwood 1&2 *Beaver Valley 1&2

• Limerick 1&2

• LaSalle1&2

• Oyster Creek

• TMI

• Peach Bottom 2&3

• Dresden 2&3

• Salem 1&2/Hope Creek

• Calvert Cliffs 1&2

• North Anna 1&2

• Surry 1&2 31 Nuclear Units PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

PJM Nuclear Owners/Operators Users Group

• Created by the owners as a feature of PJM governance (PJM staff facilitates and provides administrative support)

• Broad participation from the nuclear owners: AEP, AmerGen, Constellation, Dominion, Exelon, First Energy, PPL, and PSEG Process

• Nuclear owners work with PJM staff and the PJM Operating Committee (transmission owners and non-nuclear generators) to establish and document requirements that address NPP concerns

• Operating requirements and procedures are documented in the PJM Manuals and become mandatory via the authority that flows from the PJM Operating Agreement, which all PJM members execute PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

PJMPJMVoltage Operational Standards Responsibility and Operational Relative Philosophy to NPPs Operate transmission system within limits (thermal, voltage, stability), while honoring specific, more restrictive limits that the NPPs may be required to maintain

- Tools used:

• Real Time Contingency Analysis (RTCA) application, which runs every minute, which analyzes ~4,000 contingencies

• Transfer Limit Calculator (TLC) application, which runs every 5 minutes, which establishes transfer limits to prevent voltage collapse scenarios PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

Mitigation Protocols for NPP Voltage Limits

• Communication

- NPP, Transmission Owner, PJM

• Information Exchange

- Recognize the special needs of NPPs to have actual voltage information

• Take Action

- Run generation out of economic merit order, as necessary, to prevent violation of the limit

[For details, see PJM Manual M-3, Transmission Operations, at:

http://www.pjm.com/contributions/pjm-manuals/pdf/m03v18.pdf, pgs. 38-41]

PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

Exelon Example Issue: Required post-contingency voltage (upon loss of the plant) at ComEd-area NPPs is more restrictive than the PJM Base Line limit.

PJM builds an If PJM calculates a NDO decides whether additional contingency simulated violation, (1) to authorize PJM in RTCA to monitor the Exelon Nuclear to run generation to post-contingency Duty Officer (NDO) is mitigate, or (2) to take voltage notified. action at the NPP to mitigate If NDO authorizes generation, PJM dispatches If the limit is violated, generators on, as Exelon declares an necessary, to control LCO until the post-the post-contingency contingency voltage is voltage within limits brought within limits.

PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

Maintenance Risk Assessments PJM Outage Coordination Process

>30 Days From Start

• Owner requests the outage

• PJM accepts/rejects request, based on availability of required reserves, and transmission reliability 1-7 Days From Start

• Repeated transmission analysis takes place to ensure that all reliability limits are respected, given the system topology anticipated during the outage Outage Start Day

• Owner requests to take the facility out of service

• PJM analyzes the system as it currently exists to verify that the outage can proceed without violating reliability limits

• PJM permits the facility to be switched out of service, if the analytical results are satisfactory PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

Draft Generic Letter Open Questions from Grid Perspective What are degraded grid reliability conditions that would warrantthe rescheduling of grid-risk-sensitive maintenance activities ? (from draft Generic Letter)

Could degraded grid reliability conditions be:

Circuit breaker maintenance in the substation?

Outages of adjacent transmission lines?

Routine maintenance of protection systems?

High load conditions?

And who decides?

Licenseemay not be a good judge of grid risks TSOwill not be a good judge of NPP risks PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

Draft Generic Letter Open Questions from Grid Perspective Describe If the grid your formal reliability agreements evaluation with your indicates thattransmission degraded grid system reliability operator conditions (TSO) to promptly may exist during notify you when maintenance conditions activities, the of the licensee surrounding grid are such that degraded voltage should consider rescheduling any grid-risk-sensitive maintenance (i.e., below TS requirements) or LOOP could occur following a trip of the activities (i.e., activities that tend to increase the likelihood of a plant reactor unit(s). (from draft Generic Letter) trip, increase LOOP frequency, or reduce the capability to cope with a LOOP or SBO). (from draft Generic Letter)

What is the NRC vision of agreements?

Individual bi-lateral agreements between PJM and each NPP? Tri-lateral with PJM Whenand istransmission maintenance owner?performed?

PJM perspective:

NotPJM

• All in maintenance seasons members (transmission owners, (Spring nuclear or Fall)non-nuclear owners, owners, marketers)

Not in high sign PJMscenarios load Operating Agreement which (Winter or binds all members to conform to Summer) requirements in the PJM Manuals

• PJM Manuals contain all operational requirements and procedures and are maintained by PJM in conjunction with the PJM committees PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

Draft Generic Letter Open Questions from Grid Perspective Describe the procedures to periodically check with the TSO to determine the grid condition and ascertain any conditions that would require a notification. If you do not have procedures, describe how you assess grid condition that would require notifications. (from draft Generic Letter)

PJM perspective: 31 nuclear units, 8 owners, 16 transmission owners There have to be protocols in place to require the necessary notifications and a level of trust that the notifications will occur when required. Any regime other than exception reporting will quickly become a significant burden to the shift personnel at the NPPs, TSOs, and the transmission owners.

PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM

Draft Generic Letter Open Questions from Grid Perspective Consistent with the recommendations in Section 2 of RG 1.155, you are expected to have established an agreement with your plants TSO that identifies local power sources that could be made available to resupply your plant following a LOOP event. (from draft Generic Letter)

PJM Perspective:

PJM restoration procedures provides deference to the special needs of NPPs. The possible system configurations that might exist in the wake of a LOOP are almost impossible to predict and assess. In the PJM area, the transmission and generation sources are so densely situated that delineating particular generation and/or transmission sources for a particular NPP restoration scenario is very problematic.

PJM Confidential

©2003 PJM