ML050480106

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Index of /Waterscience/316b/casesudy/Final/
ML050480106
Person / Time
Site: Millstone  Dominion icon.png
Issue date: 12/06/2004
From:
Environmental Protection Agency
To:
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
Download: ML050480106 (17)
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'- Index of /waterscience/316b/casestudy/final/ Page 1 of3 Index of /waterscience/3 16b/casestudy/final/

Name Last modified Size Description nil I2 Parent Directory U appal.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 677K El appbl.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 676K LI appb2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 127K LI appb3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 44K LI appcl.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 599K LI appc2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 299K LI appdl.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 445K LI appfl.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 450K El appql.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 361K El appq2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 106K El apphl.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 443K LI chal.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 232K LI chalO.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 299K El chall.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 234K El chal2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 409K Gl chal3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 284K El chal4.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 57K E _chal5.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 712K Gl cha2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 369K l _cha3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:19 85K Gl cha4.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 253K El cha5.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 119K E _cha6.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 92K l _cha7.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 374K l _cha8.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 114K E _cha9.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 174K E _chbl.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 637K G _chb2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 789K G _chb3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 84K E _chb4.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 420K El chb5.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 41K El chb6.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 90K http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/3 16b/casestudy/final/ 12/6/2004

Index of /waterscience/3 16b/casestudy/final/ Page 2 of 3 Gi chcl.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 715K LG chc2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 632K Li chc3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 96K L)____4._df 30-Apr-2004 15:20 275K F)chc5.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 42K Li chc6.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 93K Li chdl.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 769K Li chd2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 811K Li chd3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 82K 30-Apr-2004 15:20 405K 30-Apr-2004 15:20 43K Gi chd6.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 56K 30-Apr-2004 15:20 671K Gche2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 138K Gche3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 91K G! che4.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 303K G) che5.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 42K F) chf1. pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 iM G) chf2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 617K F!chf3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 79K Gchf4.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 316K Gchf5.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 43K chql.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 iM G chq2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 526K D chq3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 69K G) chq4.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 155K F)chq5.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 43K Gi chq6.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 64K G! ch-hl.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 iM F) chh2.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 435K G~ chh3.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 21K G~ chh4.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 119K i ___h_5.df_ 30-Apr-2004 15:20 42K Li chil.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 102K G! glossarY .pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 101K Gintro.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 49K partacover.Pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 17K http://NNwwvw.epa.gov/waterscience/316b/casestudy/final/ 12/6/2004

Index of/wvaterscience/3 16b/casestudy/finaaV Page 3 of 3 D partbcover. pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 16K Li partccover.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 16K D partdcover.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 17K

[J partecover.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 16K U partfcover.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 16K U partgcover.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 16K

[J parthcover.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 17K EJ particover.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 16K EJ references.pdf 30-Apr-2004 15:20 247K F) toc.pdf 18-May-2004 17:29 295K http://~vwvw.epa.gov/waterscience/3 16b/casestudy/final/ 12/6/2004

- United States Office of Water EPA-821-R-02-003 Environmental Protection (4303) February 12, 2004 Agency Eo" EPA Regional Analysis Document for the Final Section 316(b)

Phase II Existing Facilities Rule

Regional Analysis Document for the Final Section 316(b) Phase II E sting Facilities Rule U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Science and Technology Engineering and Analysis Division Washington, DC 20460 February 12, 2004

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLAIMER This document was prepared by the Office of Water staff. The following contractors provided assistance and support in performing the underlying analysis supporting the conclusions detailed in this document.

Stratus Consulting Inc.

Abt Associates Inc.

Tetra Tech Science Applications International Corporation The Office of Water has reviewed and approved this document for publication. The Office of Science and Technology directed, managed, and reviewed the work of the contractors in preparing this document. Neither the United States Government nor any of its employees, contractors, subcontractors, or their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use of or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this document, or represents that its use by such party would not infringe on privately owned rights.

Section 316(b) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 316Cb) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction Part A: Evaluation Methods Chapter Al: Ecological Risk Assessment Framework Al-I Problem Formulation Al-2 Analysis Al-3 Risk Characterization Chapter A2: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Fish A2-1 Fish Diversity and Abundance A2-2 Influence of Fish on Aquatic Systems A2-3 Exterior Fish Anatomy A2-4 Interior Anatomy Chapter A3: Other Vulnerable Aquatic Organisms A3-1 Plankton A3-2 Macroinvertebrates A3-3 Sea Turtles and Marine Mammals A3-4 Conclusions Chapter A4: Direct and Indirect Effects of CWIS on Birds A4-1 Direct Effects on Birds A4-2 Indirect Effects on Fish-Eating Birds A4-3 Understanding the Effects of Food Reduction on Bird Populations Chapter A5: Methods Used to Evaluate I&E A5-I Objectives of EPA's Evaluation of I&E Data A5-2 Rationale for EPA's Approach to Evaluating I&E of Harvested Species A5-3 Source Data A54 Methods for Evaluating I&E A5-5 Extrapolation of I&E Rates Chapter A6: Uncertainty A6-4 Types of Uncertainty A6-2 Monte Carlo Analysis as a Tool for Quantifying Uncertainty TOC i

Section 316(b) Phase II Final Pule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 316Cb) Phose II Final ule - Regionot Studies Toble of Contents A6-3 EPA's Uncertainty Analysis of Yield Estimates A64 Conclusions Chapter A7: Entrainment Survival A7-1 The Causes of Entrainment Mortality A7-2 Factors Affecting the Determination of Entrainment Survival A7-3 Detailed Analysis of Entrainment Survival Studies Reviewed A7-4 Discussion of Review Criteria A7-5 Applicability of Entrainment Survival Studies to Other Facilities A7-6 Conclusions Chapter A8: Impingement & Entrainment by Waterbody Type A8-1 CWIS Impingement and Entrainment Impacts in Rivers and Streams A8-2 CWIS Impingement and Entrainment Impacts in Lakes and Reservoirs A8-3 CWIS Impingement and Entrainment Impacts in the Great Lakes A84 CWIS Impingement and Entrainment Impacts in Estuaries A8-5 CWIS Impingement and Entrainment Impacts in Oceans A8-6 Summary and Conclusions Chapter A9: Economic Benefit Categories and Valuation A9-1 Economic Benefit Categories Applicable to the Final Section 316(b) Rule A9-2 Direct Use Benefits A9-3 Indirect Use Benefits A94 Non-Use Benefits A9-5 Summary of Benefits Categories A9-6 Causality: Linking the Final Section 316(b) Rule to Beneficial Outcomes A9-7 Conclusions Chapter A10: Methods for Estimating Commercial Fishing Benefits A10-1 Overview of the Commercial Fishery Sector A10-2 The Role of Fishing Regulations and Regulatory Participants A 10-3 Overview of U.S. Commercial Fisheries A104 Prices, Quantities, Gross Revenue, and Economic Surplus A10-5 Economic Surplus A10-6 Regional Results: A Context of No Anticipated Change in Price A 10-7 Surplus Estimation Under Scenarios in Which Price May Change A10-8 Estimating Producer Surplus A10-9 Estimating Post-Harvest Economic Surplus in Tiered Markets A10-10 Nonmonetary Benefits of Commercial Fishing A10-11 Methods Used to Estimate Commercial Fishery Benefits from Reduced I&E A10-12 Limitations and Uncertainties TOCii

Section 316(b) Phase Ir Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 316Cb) Phase ir Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Chapter All: Estimating Benefits with a Random Utility Model Al l-l Site Choice Model Al1-2 Trip Frequency Model Al 1-3 Welfare Estimation Al 1-4 Data Sources Al 1-5 Limitations and Uncertainties Chapter A12: Non-Use Meta-Analysis Methodology A12-1 Literature Review Procedure and Organization A12-2 Description of Studies A12-3 Semi-Log Meta-Analysis Regression Model A12-4 Log-Log Meta-Analysis Regression Model A12-5 Application of the Meta-Analysis Results to the Analysis of Non-Use Benefits of the Section 316(b) Rule A12-6 Limitations and Uncertainties Chapter A13: Threatened & Endangered Species Analysis Methods A13-1 Listed Species Background A13-2 Framework for Identifying Listed Species Potentially at Risk of I&E A13-3 Identification of Species of Concern at Case Study Sites A134 Benefit Categories Applicable for Impacts on T&E Species A13-5 Methods Available for Estimating the Economic Value Associated with I&E of T&E Species A13-6 Issues in the Application of the T&E Valuation Approaches Chapter A14: Discounting Benefits A14-1 Discounting to Account for the Time it Takes to Enact New Technologies A14-2 Discounting to Account for the Time it Takes Fish Spared 1&E to Grow to Harvestable Age Chapter A15: Habitat Based Methodology for Estimating Non-Use Values A 15-1 Estimating the Amount of Habitat Needed to Offset Losses for Specific Species A 15-2 Development of WTP Values for Fish Production Services of Habitat Al 5-3 Estimating the Value of Habitat Needed to Offset l&E Losses A154 Limitations and Uncertainties Appendix Al TOC iii

Section 316(b) Phase HI Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 3 16(b) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Part B: California Chapter B1: Background B1-l Overview B 1-2 Operating and Economic Characteristics B1-3 Technical and Compliance Characteristics B1-4 Phase II Facilities in the California Regional Study Chapter B2: Evaluation of Impingement and Entrainment in California B2-1 Fishery Species Impinged and Entrained B2-2 I&E Species and Species Groups Evaluated B2-3 Life Histories of Primary Species Impinged and Entrained in California B2-4 I&E Data Evaluated B2-5 EPA's Estimate of Current I&E in California Expressed as Age I Equivalents, Foregone Yield, and Production Foregone B2-6 Assumptions Used in Calculating Recreational and Commercial Losses Chapter B3: Commercial Fishing Valuation B3-1 Baseline Losses B3-2 Benefits Chapter B4: RUM Analysis B4-1 Data Summary B4-2 Site Choice Models B4-3 Welfare Estimates B4-4 Limitations and Uncertainties Chapter B5: Non-Use Benefits B5-1 Qualitative Assessment of Ecological Benefits for the California Region Chapter B6: Threatened and Endangered Species Analysis B6-1 A Potential Method for Valuing Special Status Species B6-2 An Exploration of Benefits Transfer to Estimate Non-use Benefits of Reduced l&E in Northern California Appendix 81: Life History Parameter Values Used to Evaluate I&E in the Northern and Southern California Regions Appendix B2: Valuing Water Use Foregone Appendix B3: Special Status Species Population Estimates TOC iv

Section 316(b) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Part C: North Atlantic Chapter Cl: Background Cl-i Overview Cl-2 Operating and Economic Characteristics Cl-3 Technical and Compliance Characteristics C14 Phase IIFacilities in the North Atlantic Regional Study Chapter C2: Evaluation of Impingement and Entrainment in the North Atlantic Region C2-1 Fishery Species Impinged and Entrained C2-2 I&E Species and Species Groups Evaluated C2-3 Life Histories of Primary Species Impinged and Entrained in the North Atlantic Region C24 I&E Data Evaluated C2-5 EPA's Estimate of Current l&E in the North Atlantic Region Expressed as Age I Equivalents, Foregone Yield, and Production Foregone C2-6 Assumptions Used in Calculating Recreational and Commercial Losses Chapter C3: Commercial Fishing Valuation C3-1 Baseline Losses C3-2 Benefits Chapter C4: RUM Analysis C4-1 Data Summary C4-2 The Nested Random Utility Model of Recreational Demand C4-3 Trip Frequency Model C44 Welfare Estimates C4-5 Limitations and Uncertainties Chapter C5: Non-Use Benefits C5-1 Qualitative Assessment of Ecological Benefits for the North Atlantic Region Chapter C6: Habitat Based Analysis C6-1 Data Summary C6-2 Benefit Transfer for the North Atlantic Region C6-3 Limitations and Uncertainty Appendix Cl: Life History Parameter Values Used to Evaluate I&E in the North Atlantic Region Appendix C2: Scaling of Habitat Restoration TOC v

Section 316(b) Phase II Final Pule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 316(b) Phase II Final Rule - Re9ional Studies Table of Contents Part D: Mid-Atlantic Region Chapter D1: Background Dl-I Overview D 1-2 Operating and Economic Characteristics DI-3 Technical and Compliance Characteristics Dl-4 Phase II Facilities in the Mid-Atlantic Regional Study Chapter 02: Evaluation of Impingement and Entrainment in the Mid-Atlantic Region D2-1 Fishery Species Impinged and Entrained D2-2 I&E Species and Species Groups Evaluated D2-3 Life Histories of Primary Species Impinged and Entrained in the Mid-Atlantic Region D2-4 I&E Data Evaluated D2-5 EPA's Estimate of Current I&E in the Mid-Atlantic Region Expressed as Age I Equivalents, Foregone Yield, and Production Foregone D2-6 Assumptions Used in Calculating Recreational and Commercial Losses Chapter D3: Commercial Fishing Valuation D3-1 Baseline Losses D3-2 Benefits Chapter D4: RUM Analysis D4-1 Data Summary D4-2 Site Choice Model D4-3 Trip Frequency Model D4-4 Welfare Estimates D4-5 Limitations and Uncertainties Chapter D5: Non-Use Benefits D5-I Qualitative Assessment of Ecological Benefits for the Mid-Atlantic Region Chapter D6: Habitat Based Analysis D6-l Data Summary D6-2 Benefit Transfer for the Mid-Atlantic Region D6-3 Limitations and Uncertainty Appendix DI: Life History Parameter Values Used to Evaluate I&E in the Mid-Atlantic Region TOC vi

Section 316(b) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 316Cb) Phose II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Port E: South Atlantic Chapter El: Background El-I Overview El-2 Operating and Economic Characteristics El-3 Technical and Compliance Characteristics El-4 Phase II Facilities in the South Atlantic Regional Study Chapter E2: Evaluation of Impingement and Entrainment in the South Atlantic Region E2-1 Fishery Species Impinged and Entrained E2-2 EPA's Estimates of Current l&E in the South Atlantic Region Expressed as Age I Equivalents, Foregone Yield, and Production Foregone E2-3 Assumptions Used in Calculating Recreational and Commercial Losses Chapter E3: Commercial Fishing Valuation E3-4 Baseline Losses E3-2 Benefits Chapter E4: RUM Analysis E4-1 Data Summary E4-2 Site Choice Models E4-3 Trip Frequency Model E4-4 Welfare Estimates E4-5 Limitations and Uncertainties Chapter E5: Non-Use Benefits E5-1 Qualitative Assessment of Ecological Benefits for the South Atlantic Region TOC vii

Section 316(b) Phase IX Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 316(b) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Part F: Gulf of Mexico Chapter Fl: Background Fl-I Overview Fl-2 Operating and Economic Characteristics Fl-3 Technical and Compliance Characteristics Fl-4 Phase II Facilities in the Gulf of Mexico Regional Study Chapter F2: Evaluation of Impingement and Entrainment in the Gulf of Mexico F2-1 Fishery Species Impinged and Entrained F2-2 I&E Species and Species Groups Evaluated F2-3 Life Histories of Primary Species Impinged and Entrained in the Gulf Region F2-4 Data Evaluated F2-5 EPA's Estimate of Current I&E in the Gulf Region Expressed as Age I Equivalents, Foregone Yield, and Production Foregone F2-6 Assumptions Used in Calculating Recreational and Commercial Losses Chapter F3: Commercial Fishing Valuation F3-1 Baseline Losses F3-2 Benefits Chapter F4: RUM Analysis F4-1 Data Summary F4-2 Site Choice Models F4-3 Trip Frequency Model F4-4 Welfare Estimates F4-5 Limitations and Uncertainties Chapter F5: Non-Use Benefits F5-1 Qualitative Assessment of Ecological Benefits for the Gulf of Mexico Region Appendix FI: Life History Parameter Values Used to Evaluate I&E in the Gulf of Mexico Region TOC viii

Section 316(b) Phase II Final Pule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 316Cb) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Part G: The Great Lakes Chapter G1: Background GI-I Overview G1-2 Operating and Economic Characteristics G1-3 Technical and Compliance Characteristics G1-4 Phase II Facilities in the Great Lakes Regional Study Chapter G2: Evaluation of Impingement and Entrainment in the Great Lakes Region G2-I I&E Species and Species Groups Evaluated G2-2 Life Histories of Primary Species Impinged and Entrained in the Great Lakes Region G2-3 I&E Data Evaluated G24 EPA's Estimate of Current I&E in the Great Lakes Region Expressed as Age I Equivalents, Foregone Yield, and Production Foregone G2-5 Assumptions Used in Calculating Recreational and Commercial Losses Chapter G3: Commercial Fishing Valuation G3-I Baseline Losses G3-2 Benefits Chapter G4: RUM Analysis G4-1 Data Summary G4-2 Site Choice Models G4-3 Welfare Estimates G4-4 Limitations and Uncertainties Chapter G5: Non-Use Benefits G5-1 Qualitative Assessment of Ecological Benefits for the Great Lakes Region Chapter G6: Habitat Based Analysis G6-1 Data Summary G6-2 Benefit Transfer for the Great Lakes Region G6-3 Limitations and Uncertainty Appendix GI: Life History Parameter Values Used to Evaluate I&E in the Great Lakes Region Appendix G2: Scaling Habitat Restoration TOC ir

Section 316(b) Phase II Final Pule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 316Cb) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Part H: The Inland Region Chapter HI: Background HI-I Overview H1-2 Operating and Economic Characteristics HI-3 Technical and Compliance Characteristics H 1-4 Phase II Facilities in the Inland Regional Study Chapter H2: Evaluation of Impingement and Entrainment in the Inland Region H2-1 I&E Species and Species Groups Evaluated H2-2 Life Histories of Primary Species Impinged and Entrained in the Inland Region H2-3 I&E Data Evaluated H2-4 EPA's Estimate of Current I&E in the Inland Region Expressed as Age I Equivalents, Foregone Yield, and Production Foregone H2-5 Assumptions Used in Calculating Recreational and Commercial Losses Chapter H3: Commercial Fishing Valuation Chapter H4: Recreational Benefits Analysis H4-1 Data Summary H4-2 Benefit Transfer Methodology H4-3 Welfare Estimates H4-4 Limitations and Uncertainties Chapter H5: Non-Use Benefits H5-1 Qualitative Assessment of Ecological Benefits for the Inland Region Appendix HI: Life History Parameter Values Used to Evaluate I&E in the Inland Region TOCx

Section 316(b) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Section 316Cb) Phase II Final Rule - Regional Studies Table of Contents Part I: National Benefits Chapter Il: National Benefits I1-1 Calculating National Losses and Benefits 11-2 Summary of Baseline Losses and Expected Reductions in M&E II-3 Value of National Losses and Benefits Appendix to Chapter II Glossary References TOCxi

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