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Official Exhibit - ENT00320A-00-BD01 - Haverstraw Water Supply Project Water Supply Permit Application. Part a
	ML12339A445
Person / Time
Site:	Indian Point
Issue date:	12/31/2011
From:	; AKRF, CDM, United Water New York
To:	; Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel, State of NY, Dept of Environmental Conservation
	SECY RAS
References
	RAS 22146, 50-247-LR, 50-286-LR, ASLBP 07-858-03-LR-BD01
	Download: ML12339A445 (205)
	v • d • e

HAVERSTRAWWATERSUPPLYPROJECTWATERSUPPLYPERMITAPPLICATIONCOPIESFORPUBLICREVIEW-CRITICALINFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATIONEXEMPTFROMFREEDOMOFINFORMATIONREQUESTSREMOVEDSUBMITTEDTO:NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationDivisionofEnvironmentalPermits625Broadway,4thFloorAlbany,NewYork12233-1750SUBMITTEDBY:UNITEDWATERNEWYORKINC.

360WestNyackRoadWestNyack,NewYork10994PREPAREDBY:AKRF,Inc.

440ParkAvenueSouthNewYork,NewYork10016 CDM60CrosswaysParkDriveWestWoodbury,NY11797December2011OriginallysubmittedOctober2011 ENT00320A Submitted: March 29, 2012 United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Official Hearing Exhibit In the Matter of

Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc. (Indian Point Nuclear Generating Units 2 and 3)

ASLBP #:07-858-03-LR-BD01 Docket #:05000247 l 05000286 Exhibit #:

Identified:

Admitted: Withdrawn:

Rejected: Stricken: Other: ENT00320A-00-BD01 10/15/2012 10/15/2012

EnvironmentalandPlanningConsultants440ParkAvenueSouth7thFloorNewYork,NY10016 tel:212696-0670fax:212213-3191www.akrf.comAKRF,Inc.NewYorkCityHudsonValleyRegionLongIslandBaltimore/WashingtonAreaNewJerseyConnecticut MemorandumTo:ChristopherM.Hogan,DivisionofEnvironmentalPermitsFrom:MaureenHeimbuchDate:December9,2011Re:RevisionstoUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.'sWaterSupplyApplicationfortheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectcc:S.Master,M.Pointing,andJ.Dillon,Esq.,UWNY;R.Newell,NYSDOS;R.Alessi,Esq.,D&L;K.Kelly,K.Smith,andN.Vignola-Henry,CDM;J.CowingandJ.Feingold,AKRFTheUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.(UWNY)WaterSupplyApplicationfortheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjecthasbeenrevisedtoreflectthenewlocationfortheintakestructure.Enclosedisa copyofthisapplicationcontainingrevisedpages.Theserevisedpagesincludethefollowing:Section1:-WaterSupplyApplicationSupplementW-1forPublicWaterSupplyPermitformSection2:-PagesB-2andB-5Section3:-PagesC.1-2,C.1-3,C.2-2,C.2-8,C.2-28,andC.2-33Section4:-RedactedversionsofFiguresD-5aandD-5bSection5:-Pages1-1through1-10Section6:-WaterSupplyApplicationSupplementW-1forPublicWaterSupplyPermitform

-FiguresD-5aandD-5b ChristopherM.Hogan 2December9,2011AlsoenclosedisaCDcontainingthreefiles:therevisedWaterSupplyApplication,theredactedversionofthisrevisedapplication,andaversionoftheapplicationshowingthespecificchangesthathavebeenmade.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasecontactmeat646-388-6659ormheimbuch@akrf.com

.MaureenHeimbuch SameetM aProjectMUNITED W700Kinde rOradell,N JTEL201-6 3FAX201-2Sameet.M aWWW.UNI TOctoberMs.And r DivisionNewYo r625Broa dAlbany, NReferen cDearMs United WSupply A NYCRRspecific i l)Nprov e T H 1 G (8 L Jo 2)N i n A U 3 W C (8 asteranager WATER rkamackRoad J07649 34-423225-5125 aster@united w TEDWATER.C O 5,2011 reaSheeranofEnviron m rkStateDe p dway,4thFl.

NY12233-1 7 ce:UniteHave r6NY C.Sheeran: WaterNew Y ApplicationPart601("P information:

Nameandlo c enecessary:

TownofHa v Haverstraw TRosmanR o Garnerville, N 845)429-22 0 Localnewsp JournalNew s Names,title s n cluding: Applicant UnitedWate r60WestNy WestNyack, Contact:Sa m 845)620-33 0 water.com O M mentalPerm partmentof E 7 50 edWaterN e rstrawWa t CRRPart 6 YorkInc.("Uforthepro p PublicWat e cationofas u verstraw TownHall o ad NewYork1 0 0 0aperofrec s.s,mailing a rNewYorkackRoadNewYork 1 meetMaster, 00,ext.423 2 its Environmen t ewYorkIn c terSupply P 601Water S UWNY")r e posedHave r erSupply")p uitableplac e 0923ord(publis h addresses, aInc.10994P.E.2 talConserv a c.P roject SupplyPer m espectfully s rstrawWat e p ermitting p einwhicht o heddaily)i andphone a tion mitApplica t submitsthre erSupplyP r process,ple a oholdapub l istheRoc knumberso f t ione(3)signe d roject.Asr asenotethe f lichearing s klandCoun t fotherco n dcopiesof Wequiredbyfollowingp r shouldo n tyedition o ncernedoff i Waterthe6 r oject n e ofthe icials, SameetMasterProjectManagerUNITEDWATER700KinderkamackRoadOradell,NJ07649 TEL201-634-4232FAX201-225-5125Sameet.Master@unitedwater.com WWW.UNITEDWATER.COMApplicant'sAttorneyDewey&LeBoeuf,LLP99WashingtonAvenue,Suite2020Albany,NewYork12210Contact:RobertAlessi,Partner(518)626-9000Applicant'sEngineer CDM60CrosswaysParkDriveWest,Suite340Woodbury,NY11797Contact:KeithKelly (516)496-8400Applicant'sPermittingConsultantAKRF,Inc.440ParkAvenueSouth,7thFloor NewYork,NY10016Contact:MaureenHeimbuch(646)388-9659MunicipalityChiefExecutiveOfficerTownofHaverstraw1RosmanRoadGarnerville,NewYork10923Contact:HonorableHowardT.Phillips,Jr.,Supervisor(845)429-2200NewYorkStateDepartmentofStateDivisionofCoastalResources41StateStreetAlbany,NewYork12231-0001Contact:JeffreyZappieri,CoastalResourcesSpecialist(518)473-2476NewYorkStateOfficeofGeneralServicesEmpireStatePlazaCorningTowerAlbany,NewYorkContact:RichardBennett,RealEstateOfficer (518)473-1288NewYorkStateDepartmentofPublicServiceEmpireStatePlazaAgencyBuilding3Albany,NewYork12223 Contact:JamesAustin,DeputyDirector, SameetMasterProjectManagerUNITEDWATER700KinderkamackRoadOradell,NJ07649 TEL201-634-4232FAX201-225-5125Sameet.Master@unitedwater.com WWW.UNITEDWATER.COMOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyandtheEnvironment(518)473-46353)Listofmaterialsandexhibits:WaterSupplyPermitApplication,SupplementW-1ExhibitA:WaterConservationProgramFormExhibitB:SummaryofPermitApplicationRequirements(§601.5)ProjectJustificationExhibitC:ProjectDescriptionandProjectPurposeC.1DescriptionofProjectandWaterTreatmentProcessC.2PurposeandNeedfortheProjectExhibitD:GeneralServiceAreaandProjectLocationMapsExhibitE:Engineer'sReportUnitedWaterisrequestingthatcertaininformationintheWaterSupplyApplicationbeexceptedfromdisclosureundertheFreedomofInformationLaw("FOIL,"Article6oftheNewYork PublicOfficersLaw["POL"])becausetheycontaincriticalinfrastructureinformation.POL§87(2)(f)providesthatifthedisclosureofadocument"couldendangerthelifeorsafetyofanyperson,"thatdocumentmaybeexceptedfromdisclosureunderFOIL.Morespecifically, POL§89(5)(a)(1-a)and6NYCRR§616.7providethatdocumentscontainingcriticalinfrastructureinformationareexceptedfromdisclosureunderFOIL."Criticalinfrastructure"isdefinedas"systems,assets,placesorthings,whetherphysicalorvirtual,sovitaltothestatethat thedisruption,incapacitationordestructionofsuchsystems,assets,placesorthingscould jeopardizethehealth,safety,welfare,orsecurityofthestate,itsresidentsoritseconomy."6 NYCRR§616.7(c)(2)(i)(c).UnitedWaterisrequestingthatthefollowingportionsoftheWaterSupplyApplicationbe consideredcriticalinfrastructureinformationandexceptedfromdisclosureunderFOIL:Section1-WaterSupplyApplicationSupplementW-1.ThisportionoftheWaterSupplyApplicationcontainsinformationonthepreciselocationofthe proposedintakefortheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject.Thisinformation,whichisnot otherwisepubliclyavailable,couldbeusedtodisrupt,incapacitate,ordamagetheHaverstraw WaterSupplyProjectandthepublicwatersupplyitwillfurnish,therebyjeopardizingthehealth,safety,welfare,andsecurityofNewYorkState'sresidentsandeconomy.Accordingly,thisportionoftheWaterSupplyApplicationrepresentscriticalinfrastructureinformationexcepted fromdisclosureunderFOIL.

See6NYCRR§616.7(c)(2)(i)(c);seealso,NYSDECFOILAppealDeterminationno.04-18-3A(JohnV.Tait),datedNovember10,2004("Therecordson SameetMasterProjectManagerUNITEDWATER700KinderkamackRoadOradell,NJ07649 TEL201-634-4232FAX201-225-5125Sameet.Master@unitedwater.com WWW.UNITEDWATER.COMcriticalinfrastructurethatarebeingwithheldprovidemoredetailedinformationrelatingtovariousaspects(suchasphysicalstructure,location,etc.)ofthesevitaltransportationand communicationlinksthanwhatiscurrentlyavailablethroughothermeans,and,consistentwith theDepartment'sresponsibilitytoprotectthepublicsecurityandsafetyofthestateanditsresidents,thisinformationisnotbeingreleased.")(citingStronzav.Hoke,148A.D.2d900,(3dDep't1989);Flowersv.Sullivan,149A.D.2d287(2dDep't1989)).TheportionoftheWaterSupplyApplicationthatcontainscriticalinfrastructureinformationexceptedfromdisclosureunderFOILhasbeenredactedandthepagehasbeenmarkedwiththe designation:CRITICALINFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATIONREDACTED.Aseparatesection,Section6,hasbeenaddedtotheWaterSupplyApplicationbinder;Section6includestheun-redactedpagecontainingthecriticalinfrastructureinformation,whichhaveeachbeenlabeled:CRITICALINFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATION--EXEMPTFROMFREEDOMOFINFORMATIONREQUESTS.WewillcontinuetocopyyourofficeonallcorrespondencewithotheragenciesassociatedwiththeHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectapprovalprocess.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsorwouldlike toarrangeanupdatemeetingpleasecallmeat(201)634-4232oryoucane-mailmeat Sameet.Master@UnitedWater.com

.Respectfullysubmitted,SameetMaster,P.E.ProjectManagercc:M.PointingandJ.Dillon,Esq.,UWNYR.Newell,NYSDOSS.Jensen,USACER.Alessi,Esq.,D&LM.Heimbuch,J.Cowing,andJ.Feingold,AKRFK.Kelly,K.Smith,andN.Vignola-Henry,CDM Sameet Master Project M.nIIger UNITED WATER 700 Klnderkamack Road Oradell, N.J 07649 TEL 201-634-4232 FAX 201-225-5125 Sameet.Master@unltedwater.com WWW.UNrTEDWATER.COM Sepa.nber29,2011 Ms. Andrea Sheeran Division of Environmental Pennits New York State Department ofEnviromnenta1 Conservation 625 Broadway Albany, NcwYork 12233-1750

Reference:

United Water New York Inc. -Haverstraw Water Supply Project DEC Tracking II: 3-3922-00221100001 Town or Haverstraw, Rocldand, NY 6 NYCRR Part 601 Water Supply Permit Application

Dear Ms. Sheeran:

United Water New York Inc. ("UWNY") respectfully submits three (3) signed copies of Water Supply Application for the proposed Haverstraw Water Supply Project. AIl required by the 6 NYCRR Part 601 (Public Water Supply) permitting process, please note the following project specific information:

1) Name and location ofa suitable place in which to hold a public hearing should one prove necessary:

Town of Haverstraw Haverstraw Town Hall 1 Rosman Road Garnerville, New Yark 10923 (845) 429-2200 Local newspaper of record (published daily) is the Rockland County edition of the Journal News. 2) Names, titles, mailing addresses, and phone numbers of other concerned officials, including:

Applicant United Water New York Inc. 360 West Nyack Road West Nyack, New York 10994-Contact: Sameet Master, P. E. (845) 620-3300, ext. 4232 Applicant's Attorney Dewey & LeBoeuf; LLP 99 Washington Avenue, Suite 2020 Albany, New York 12210 Contact: Robert Alessi, Partner (518) 626-9000 M s. Andrea Sheeran September 29,2011 Page 2 of3 Applicant's Engineer CDM 60 Crossways Park Drive West, Suite 340 Woodbury, NY 11797 Contact: Keith Kelly, P.E. (516) 496-8400 Applicant's Permitting Consultant AKRF,lnc.

7250 Parkway Drive, Suite 210 Hanover, MD 21076 Contact: Maureen Heimbuch (646) 388-9659 Municipality Chief Executive Officer Town of Haverstraw I Rosman Road Garnerville, New York 10923 Contact: Honorable Howard T. Phillips, Jr., Supervisor (845) 429-2200 New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources 41 State Street Albany, New York 12231-0001 Contact: Jeffrey Zappieri, Coastal Resources Specialist (518) 473-2476 New York State Office of General Services Empire State Plaza Corning Tower Albany, New York Contact: Richard Bennett, Real Estate Officer (518) 473-1288 New York State Department of Public Service Empire State Plaza Agency Building 3 Albany, New York 12223 Contact: James Austin, Deputy Director, Office of Energy Efficiency and the Environment (518) 473-4635 3) List of materials and exhibits:

Section I: Exhibit A ExhibitA.I ExhibitA.2 Section 2: ExhibitB Water Supply Permit Application, Supplement W-l Water Conservation Progtam Form 2010 AWWA Water Audit Summary of Permit Application Requirements

(§601.5) Project Justification M s. Andrea Sheeran September 29, 2011 Page 3 of3 Section 3: Exhibit C Exhibit C.l Exhibit C.2 Section 4: ExhibitD Section 5: ExhibitE Project Description and Project Purpose Description of Project and Water Treatment Process Porpose and Need for the Project Geoerai Service Area and Project Locatioo Maps Engineer's Report We will continue to copy your office on all correspondence with other agencies associated with the Haverstraw Water Supply Proj eel approval process. If you have any questions or would like to 8lT8llge an update meeting please call me at (201) 634-4232 or you can e-mail me at SameetMaster@UnitedWater.com.

Respectfully submitted, SameetMaster, P.E. Project Manager cc: M. Pointing.

United Water J. Dillon, Esq., United Water R. Alessi, Esq., Dewey & LeBoeuf J. Cowing, AKRF J. Feingold, AKRF M. Heimbuch, AKRF K. Kelly, CDM K. Smith, CDM

HAVERSTRAWWATERSUPPLYPROJECTWATERSUPPLYPERMITAPPLICATIONCOPIESFORPUBLICREVIEW-CRITICALINFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATIONEXEMPTFROMFREEDOMOFINFORMATIONREQUESTSREMOVEDSUBMITTEDTO:NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationDivisionofEnvironmentalPermits625Broadway,4thFloorAlbany,NewYork12233-1750SUBMITTEDBY:UNITEDWATERNEWYORKINC.

360WestNyackRoadWestNyack,NewYork10994PREPAREDBY:AKRF,Inc.

440ParkAvenueSouthNewYork,NewYork10016 CDM60CrosswaysParkDriveWestWoodbury,NY11797December2011OriginallysubmittedOctober2011

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Section1Section1ExhibitA:WaterSupplyPermitApplication, SupplementW-1

RevisedDecember2011 95-19-4 (JULY 2000)

NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ALBANY, NEW YORK, 12233-0001 WATER SUPPLY APPLICATION Supplement W-1 for Public Water Supply Permit FOR DEPARTMENT USE ONLY . C-, __

__ -,-, __ ,_. APPLICATION NUMBER _. ___ ... -'-._._._.c, .. __ . WSANUMBE;R READ THE INSTRUCTIONS ON PAGE 2 BEFORE COMPLETING THIS FORM . PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT CLEARLY IN INK 1. PROJECT OESCRIPTION (INCLUDE LOCATION -for multiple well heads, Identify and atia<:h eddiUonal coordinalos)

COORDINATES The Proposed Project entails the construction and operation of a new water Inlake, Intake pumping elation, and water NYTM-E 687023 treatment (aclDty In lhe Town of Haverstraw, Rockland County, New York. The Proposed would colee! snd treBt NYTM*N 4563621 water from the Hudson River and deliver up to 7.5 millon gallons: per day (mgd) of potable water. See ExhIbR C.1. 2. PROJECT PURPOSE The purpose of the Proposed Project Is 10 provide an additional waler supply source to Increase the safe yield of the United Waler Rockland County water supply sySlem by 7.5 mgd, to Bccomodate future growth with an adequate margin of safety. See Exhibit C.2. ,. THIS PROJECT INVOLVES: (Check allthet apply lind, for each IIQm chlCked. provide a brief description or IdonUflcatlon)

D AcaUISITION of existing facilitics

[ZJ INSTALLATION of new Jacililles ConstrucUon of a new water intake, intake pumping staUon, and water treatment taciUty D CHANGES In caplJdties of exisling facilities D ABANDONMENT of tacilillO$

_. _ .. _.-_ .. _ ... __ .-... _._ .. --4. This project will Involve the laking of up to 10 milliop gallons of waler D (per mlnule) [lJ<per oay) from the Hudson River Figur e given represents D Increase In taking, W lolallaking. (Name 01 lource) 5. It ccrtoln exhllits ere omitted or reduce<lln scope because of reterence 10 documents submitted wllh prior appllcltlons, list lhe elChlbils 10 affected , Identify lhe priot appl/calion (by Water Supply Applicellon Number and name of applicant) and specifY the document!s}

10 be referenced. EXHIBIT WSANO. APPUCANrS NAME REFERENCED DOCUMENT(S)

.. PROJECT AUTHORIZATION This application must be accompanied by proof ot adequale authorization for Iha proposed project. List below all exhIbits documenting such aultlQrizalion, such as resolutions.

certificates ollncorporalion, contracts.

referandum resulls, et c. (See Public Waler SUpply Progrtlrrl, Applk;anl'&

GuIde for further dolalls.) See Exhibit 8(a). 7. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION By tho act of signing this applicalfon, Ihe opplicant certifies that each of Iho follOWing etalutory conditions Is or will be satisfied, AND that e proper Justification for each Is gIven In the specified exhibits attached 10 Ihis application:

A. Tho proposed project is justified by iho public necessity

.. ....... " ... .... ..... . .. . ... See Exhibit(s)

Band C.2 .. The proposed projecltakes proper eonskleralion of ol.her sources of lupply that are or may become B a 8yelllbkrl.

... .. , ..........

.... , .. , ...... , ..............

................. c. AM wotk and COf\strucUon OOfll\ected with lhe proposed project will be ploper and safe ...... . ... D. TM IUpply will be adaquale **.*....**.......... . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SeG EJ:hlblt(s)

D "-There will ba Pfopor protact1on of the and watefSlled or PIOpeJ ItOllmenl of any additlonlll B supply .* , ........*..*...*.

.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . ........ .. Soe EKhlblt(s)

F. The proposed project Is juSI and equitable to all affected munlclpaWties pnd lhelr Inhabitants and In B p.rticuhlir with regard 10 their prescnt and f\Jture needs for .ourees of water supply .. '" .. .... See E.xhlbll(s)

G. Thoro Is proylslon for fair and equitablo J:ioterminations of find payments of any dlractllnd Indirect logel damagel to parsons or propCl1y that wilt result from the pCQulsltlon of any lands I., connection B with the proposed project or from the execullon of the projoct ..*..............

See Exhlblt(s)

H. Tho applicant has devetoped end Implemented II water conservftUon program In accordance with A and C.2 k>cal weter resourUl needs lind c;onditlont

..... .... ..... ...... " . ... ....... . .... Slie Exhlblt(s)

D e. SEORSTAnlS A Draft Environmental hnpact Stalement (EIS) is submlltecf h!Mewith.

"-SIGNATURE til

,," 10 DATE . '....-vV'

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Name of Applicant:

U ni t ed Wate r New Yor k I n c. WSA No. VII. CERTIFICA TlON OF WA TER CONSER VA TlON PROGRAM: To be signed by the owner or official of the municipality or corporation operating this water system. I hereby affirm that the information provided on this form is true to the best of my knowledge and bel i ef. False statements made herein are punishable as a Class A misdemeanor pursuant to Section 210.45 of the Pena l law , Date Siqnature: {V/. Pf>.(: -;i;-, :-., u DISCUSSION:

V i ce Pres i de n t and Title: Gener a l Manager , U W NY Effective January 1, 1989, New York State Environmental Conservation law (ECl 15-1501) has required that all new applications for a NYSDEC Public Wate r Supply Permit includ e a water conservation program. Th is Water Conservation Program F o rm (WCPF) is intended t o be a guide in completing this requirement.

The WCPF has been set up to cov er the following basic elements of a water conserva t i on p rogram: Source Water Inventory , Water Usage and Metering, Water Supply Audi ti ng, leak Detecti o n/Repair and Water Use Reduc t ion. The recommen d e d actions liste d at the bottom of each page represent DEC water conservation po l icy objec t ives and should be fac t ored into your program devel o pment. Additional water c onservation measures such as increa sin g block wa t er rate structuring , n o n-r esidential water use reduction or water efficient landscaping may a l so play an imp o rtant ro l e in your system's program and should certainly be considered when applicable , Watersupply permit applicants can consult the NYSDEC publication entitled, "W a t er Conservatio n Manual For Development of a Water Conservation Plan", January, 1989 (Re-p rinted February 1998) for d e tails regarding t he development of these water conservation practices , A PDF version of this manual is available on our website at: http://www,dec,ny

, gov/docs/permits ej operations pdf/program.pdf Copies can also be obtaine d through your DEC Regional Offices. The American Water W or ks A ssocia ti o n (AWWA) is also an excellent source of in formation regarding wat er conservation and public water supply systems in ge neral. Info rma ti on ranging from techn i cal manuals t o public educat ion b ill stuffers are available from AWWA at r eas o n a ble cost by calling 1-800-926-7337.

As a final note, the fo rme r " B u reau of Water Resources" has be e n inc o rporate d int o the " Bureau of Water Resour c e Management" and can n ow be co ntacted at (518) 402-8099. 6

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Section2Section2ExhibitB:SummaryofPermitApplication Requirements(§601.5)

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B-1PublicWaterSupplyPermitApplication(6NYCRRPart601)ProposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectEXHIBITBThisexhibitsummarizesthedocumentationprovidedfortheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectconsistentwiththerequirementsoutlinedin6NYCRRPart601.5SupplyApplications.(a)ProjectAuthorization.UnitedWaterNewYorkInc.(UWNY)isapublicutilityorganizedundertheNewYorkStateTransportationCorporationsLawandits servicesandratesareregulatedbytheNewYorkStatePublicService Commission(PSCUWNYtoincreasingtheaveragewatersupplyforRocklandCountybyatotalof1.5milliongallonsperday(mgd)and thepeaksupplybyatotalof7.1mgdbytheendof2015.Beyond2015,UWNYagreedunderthe2006and2010RateOrderstoproceedwithpreparationofmaterialsforalong-termmajorwatersupplyproject(i.ethatUWNYwillbuildandoperate.Asaresult,UWNYinitiatedtheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject,andtheappropriateUWNY managementhasauthorizedtheprojecttoproceedwiththenecessarypermits andapprovals.The2006and2010RateOrdersarepubliclyavailableandcan beaccessedonthewebsite.1(b)GeneralMap.MapsshowingtheextentoftheUWNYserviceareainRocklandCountyandthelocationoftheproposedwatertreatmentplantfacilitiesare providedinExhibitD.Theexistingserviceareaboundaryandlocationofwatersystemcomponents,includingpressuredistricts,systemwells,reservoirs,operatingandemergencyinterconnections,areshowninFiguresD-1andD-2.FigureD-3showsthewatersystemfacilitieswithineachpressuredistrict.ThelocationoftheProposedProject,includingwaterintakesite,watertreatment plantsite,andtransmissionanddistributionmains,areshowninFiguresD-4,D-5a,D-5b,andD-6.Informationregardingthelocationsofseweroutfallsorotherpotentialsourcesofcontaminationofthewatersupplyisprovidedin TechnicalMemorandum#SW-1,SourceWaterandReceivingWaterAnalysis

,July2,2010(seeAppendixCinExhibitE).TheHaverstrawWaterSupply 12006RateOrder:http://documents.dps.state.ny.us/public/MatterManagement/CaseMaster.aspx?MatterSeq=22633http://documents.dps.state.ny.us/public/MatterManagement/CaseMaster.aspx?MatterSeq=229972010RateOrder:http://documents.dps.state.ny.us/public/MatterManagement/CaseMaster.aspx?MatterCaseNo=09-W-0731)

B-2Projectisproposedinordertomeetthelong-termwatersupplyneedsintheservicearea.TheProposedProjectwouldnotresultinanychangetoUWNYservicearea.(c)WatershedMap.Amapshowingtheaffectedwatershed,includingthelocationoftheproposedwatertreatmentplantfacilities,isprovidedasFigureD-9 inExhibitD.(d)Profiles.Preliminaryplansoftheproposedfacilitieswillbeincludedinthe50%DesignReportexpectedtobeprovidedinFebruary2012.Finaldesignof theproposedfacilitiesissubjecttotheapprovaloftheNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth(NYSDOH)andwillbeprovidedwhensubmittedtotheNYSDOH.(e)ContractPlansandSpecifications.Preliminaryplansoftheproposedfacilitieswillbeincludedinthe50%DesignReportexpectedtobeprovidedinFebruary2012.Finaldesignoftheproposedfacilitiesissubjecttotheapprovalofthe NYSDOHandwillbeprovidedwhensubmittedtotheNYSDOH.(f).ExhibitE.(g)AcquisitionMap.TheProposedProjectrequiresacquisitionofthefollowingparcels:-WaterTreatmentPlantSiteConsistsofportionsoffourtaxparcelscurrentlyownedbytheTownofHaverstraw(taxparcelnumbers20.16-2-1,20.16-2-2.1,20.16-2-2.2,20.16-2-5)andtheentiretyofaprivately ownedparcel(taxparcelnumber20.16-2-6).SeeFigureD-5ainExhibit D.-IntakeSiteUplandareasconsistofacquisitionofaportionofonetaxparcelcurrentlyownedbyU.S.Gypsum(USG)(taxparcelnumber21.09-2-1)andanaccesseasementprovidingconnectiontoBeachRoad.The intakepiperequireseasementswithinunderwaterlandsintheHudson River,including:121.09-2-1;2WaterGrantarea;and3)additionalunderwaterlandsunderthe jurisdictionoftheNewYorkStateOfficeofGeneralServices(NYSOGS).

SeeFigureD-5b inExhibitD.AnapplicationforacquisitionofarealpropertyinterestinlandsunderwaterhasbeenfiledwiththeNYSOGSonOctober31,2008.(h)CostEstimate.Table1belowprovidesapreliminarycostestimatefortheproposedproject.FurthercostestimateswillbepreparedandwillbeprovidedwhensubmittedtotheNYSDOH.RevisedDecember2011 B-3Table1CostEstimatebyProjectPhaseCostPhase1Phase2Phase3TotalCapitalCosts(millions)$97.2to$144.8$16.7to$16.9$25.2to$27.8$139.2to$189.3Note:Allamountsareshownas2010dollars.(i)WaterAnalysis.ReviewofHudsonRiverwaterqualitydatacollectedfortheProposedProjectinthevicinityoftheproposedlocationintakestructureindicatesthatthequalityoftheHudsonRivermakesitasuitablesourceofdrinkingwaterwithtreatment.Theresultsofnumericalhydrodynamic modelingconductedfortheProposedProjectindicatethatpointandnon-point dischargestotheHudsonRiverwithina25-mileradiusoftheintakestructure wouldnotadverselyaffectthesuitabilityoftheHudsonRiverasawatersupply source.Similarly,theresultsofmodelingwithdrawalofHudsonRiverwaterattheintakestructure,dischargeofreverseosmosis(RO)concentratethroughtheJointRegionalSewageTreatmentPlant(JRSTP)effluentoutfall,andthedischargeofotherresidualwastestreamstothe JRSTPfortreatmentand,ultimately,fordischargetotheHudsonRiverwould notadverselyaffectthequalityoftheHudsonRiverwater.Detailedwater qualityinformation,includinghistoricalHudsonRiverwaterqualitydata(20072008)andrawwaterqualitydatacollectedaspartoftheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectPilotStudyoperations (ExhibitE,AppendixB

).(j)TreatmentMethods.ThewaterdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverwouldbesubjectedtoarigorousmulti-steptreatmentprocesstoensurethatitmeetsallapplicablehealthstandardsandiscompatiblewiththeotherwaterinUWNYCountysystem.Thiswouldprovidemultiplebarriersforremovingvariouswater qualityparametersofconcern,toallowthefinishedwatertomeetorexceedall applicabledrinkingwaterstandards.Thepotentialwatertreatmentprocessthat maybeusedatthewatertreatmentplant,basedonconceptualdesigns,would includethefollowing(seealsoExhibitC.1

):-Pretreatmentforsolidsremoval

-Filtration

-RO-Removaloforganiccontaminants

-Post-treatment

-FinishedwaterstorageandpumpingTheproposedtreatmentprocesswouldremovevariouscontaminantsfromtheraw watersothatthefinishedwaterdeliveredtothedistributionsystemwillmeetor exceedallsafedrinkingwaterstandards(orMCLs)forcontaminantsofconcern, includingPCBs,radionuclides,andpesticides.

B-4(k)ProjectJustification

(1)Theneedforandthereasonswhytheproposedsourcewasselectedamongalternativesupplieswhichareormaybecomeavailable

.ThepurposeandneedfortheprojectaredescribedinExhibitC.2.Asnotedinthatexhibit,thewaterdemandinUWNYserviceareaisprojectedtogrowaspopulationintheserviceareagrows,andinthelong-term,anadditionalwatersupplysourcewillbeneededto meetdemandandtocontinuetoprovidewaterforfire-fightingandotherpublicsafetyneeds.Toaddresstheneedforincreasedsupplybeyond2015,the2006and2010RateOrdersrequireUWNYtoimplementalong-term watersupplyprojectthatitwillbuildandoperateandsetforthmilestone commitmentsrelatedtoplanning,analysis,permits,andconstructionof thatlong-termwatersupplyprojectsothatitwillbeinservicebytheend of2015.AnextensivereviewofpotentialalternativestotheProposedProjectwasconducted,includingbutnotlimitedto:areservoiralternative(theAmbreyPondReservoiralternative);operationalalternatives(suchasalternative watersystemmanagementorenhancedwaterconservation);surfacewater storagealternatives(suchasincreasedstorageatLakeDeForest);other watersupplyandstoragealternatives(suchaswastewaterreuse);and variousprojectdesignalternatives(suchasalternativessitesfortheintake facilityoralternativeenergysources).Theanalysisconcludesthatonanindividualbasis,mostofthealternativesexaminedareeitherimpracticalorinsufficienttoprovidealong-mgdand,therefore,individuallydonotmeetthepurposeandneedforthe projectandarenotviablealternativestotheProposedProject.A combinationorcompositeofmorethanonealternativewouldbeless efficient,inherentlymoreenergy-intensive,morecostly,andmorepronetodisruptionandrepair.AcombinationofalternativeswouldalsorequiresubstantiallymoremanagementbyUnitedWatertooverseeboth constructionandoperationsofthesemultiplesystems.Otheralternatives,suchastheAmbreyPondReservoirAlternativeandtheWastewaterReuseAlternative,couldachieveasafeyieldincreasesimilar totheProposedProjectbutwouldhavehighercoststhantheProposed ProjectandwouldhaveagreaterimpactonratepayersandconsumersintheUnitedWaterservicearea.TheProposedProjectrepresentsasustainable,cost-effectivewatersupplysourcethatwillimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemandmeet B-5thelong-termneedsforwaterinRocklandCounty.AreviewofalternativestotheProposedProjectdemonstratesthattheproposedHaverstrawWater SupplyProjectisthealternativethatbestmeetstheneedfortheprojectas wellasthegoalsoutlinedbelow:ReliableSupply:Thenewlong-termwatersupplyprojectmustimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeeting futuredemandsbyintroducingasupplythatislessdependenton localizedprecipitationconditions.TheNortheastU.S.experiencesa short-termdrought(i.e.,adroughtwithadurationofonetothreemonths)everyonetothreeyearsonaverage,andexperienceslongerdroughts(i.e.,greaterthanthreemonths)onceevery20to30years.

Thelong-termwatersupplyprojectshouldbedevelopedtobe responsivetotheoccurrenceofdroughteventsandthepotential effectsofclimatechangeonthefrequencyandseverityofdroughts andstormevents.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwould improvethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeeting futuredemandsforwaterbyprovidingasupplyofwaterthatislessdependentonclimateconditions.RocklandCountyiscurrentlyservedbygroundwatersuppliesandreservoirs.Includingadrought-tolerantriversourceaddstothediversityofthewatersupplyportfolio andprovidesgreaterflexibilityinmanagingthesystem.Cost-Effectiveness:Asapublicutility,UWNYhasaresponsibilitytoitscustomers(i.e.,therate-payers)todevelopacost-effective projecttoaddresstheneedforanewwatersupplysource.Coststobe consideredincludeinitialcapitalexpendituresassociatedwithconstructionoftheprojectandongoingoperationsandmaintenancecostsoncetheprojectiscomplete.Tobenefitfromeconomiesof scalegainedbycapitalinvestmentin,andoperationandmaintenance of,asingleproject,thelong-termwatersupplyprojectwillmost likelybemostcost-effectiveifimplementedasasingleproject,rather acombinationofcapitalprojects.TheHaverstrawWaterSupply Projecthasbeenidentifiedasthemostcost-effectiveofthealternativesavailabletoUWNYforthelong-termwatersupplyproject.AbilitytobeImplementedinStages:Tomeetfuturedemandsforwatersupplyastheydevelopovertime,andtherebyminimize unnecessarycapitalcoststotheratepayersaswellasunnecessary environmentaleffects,thelong-termwatersupplyprojectshouldhave theabilitytobeimplementedinstages.Designing,permitting,and constructingawatersupplyprojectisacostly,time-consuming,andresource-intensiveundertaking.Prudentplanningcompelsawatersupplierto,whenpossible,undertakeprojectsthatcanbeexpanded efficientlyandcosteffectivelyinstagesasneedarises.TheproposedRevisedDecember2011 B-6HaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwouldbebuiltinphasestocorrespondwithfuturegrowthinwaterdemand.AvoidandMinimizeEnvironmentalImpacts:ConsistentwiththeparticularlytheStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct,akeygoal forthelong-termwatersupplyprojectistoavoidandminimizethepotentialenvironmentalimpactsoftheProposedProjecttothemaximumextentpracticablegiventheothergoalsandobjectivesfor theProposedProjectandthecapabilitiesoftheProjectsponsor.This includesenvironmentalimpactsthatwouldpotentiallyoccurasa consequenceofboththeconstructionandoperationoftheProposed Project.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjecthasbeenidentifiedas theprojectthatbestmeetsthegoalofmitigatingenvironmental impacts.(2)Theprovisionofproperandsafeconstructionofallphasesoftheproject

.TheproposedconstructionandoperationoftheProposedProjectwould followallapplicablehealthandsafetystandards,includingfederal OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)regulations.A constructionHealthandSafetyPlan(HASP)wouldbepreparedand implementedtoaddresspotentialissuesrelatedtoanypotentialcontaminationofsoilandgroundwaterneartheProjectSites.AStormwaterPollutionPreventionPlan(SWPPP)wouldbeimplementedtominimize potentialconstructionimpactsonwaterresources.(3)Theprovisionofadequateprotectionofthewatersupplyandwatershed fromcontamination.Asmentionedabove,duringconstruction,aSWPPPwouldbeimplementedtominimizepotentialconstructionimpactsonwater resources(includingtheHudsonRiverandMinisceongoCreek).ThenumericalhydrodynamicmodelingconductedoftheHudsonRiverfortheProposedProjectindicateswithdrawalofHudsonRiverwaterattheintakestructure,dischargeofROconcentratethroughtheJRSTPeffluentoutfall,andthedischargeofotherresidualwastestreamstotheJRSTPfortreatmentand,ultimately,fordischargeto theHudsonRiverwouldnotadverselyaffectthequalityoftheHudson Riverwater.TheProposedProjectExhibitC.1)wouldincludecontinuouswaterqualitymonitoringandmultipletreatmentmethodstoaddresspotentialcontaminantsthatmaybepresentinthewater.(4)Thepropertreatmentofthewatersupply.Thewatersupplywouldbetreatedtomeetorbebetterthandrinkingwaterstandardsestablishedbythe B-7UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandtheNYSDOH.SeeJ:TreatmentMethods(5)Theadequacyofthewatersupplytomeetthedemandsoftheservicearea

.Toplanforthefuture,UWNYregularlyundertakesanassessmentoffuturewaterdemands.Aspartoftheproceedinginthe2006RateCase,aforecast offuturewaterdemandswasundertakentodeterminetheleveloffuture investmentinwatersupplyinfrastructurerequired.Analternativewater demandforecastwasconductedin2010,usingfuturepopulation projectionspreparedbyRocklandCounty,toconfirmtheconclusionsofthe2006forecast.Theseforecastsbothdemonstratetheneedforalong-termwatersupplyproject.UtilizationoftheHudsonRiverasawater supplysourcewouldallowforanincreaseofthesafeyieldoftheUWNY RocklandCountywatersupplysystemby7.5mgdtoaccommodatefuture growthwithanadequatemarginofsafetythroughtheyear2015orbeyond.

Includingadrought-tolerantriversourceaddstothediversityofthewater supplyportfolioandprovidesgreaterflexibilityinmanagingthesystem.

TheProposedProjectwouldimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeetingfuturedemandsforwaterbyprovidingasupplyofwaterthatislessdependentonclimateconditions.(6)Theproposedprojectisjustandequitabletoothermunicipalitiesorcivil divisionsofthestate.Theproposedprojectwouldnotdenyawatersupplytoanymunicipalityorotherwaterpurveyor.(7)Proposedmethodtodetermineandprovidepropercompensationforany directorindirectlegaldamagestopersonsorpropertythatmayresultfromtheacquisitionofanylandsinconnectionwiththeproject.PropertyrequiredfortheProposedProjectisexpectedtobeacquiredbymutual agreement,withouttheneedfortheuseofeminentdomain.Nodirectorindirectdamagetopersonsorpropertyisanticipatedasaresultofthe ProposedProject.

Section3Section3ExhibitC:ProjectDescriptionandProject

Purpose

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C.1-1PublicWaterSupplyPermitApplication(6NYCRRPart601)ProposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectEXHIBITC.1DESCRIPTIONOFPROJECTANDWATERTREATMENTPROCESSTheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject(theProposedProject)entailstheconstructionandoperationofawaterintake,intakepumpingstation,watertreatment plant,andtransmissionanddistributionmains,tobelocatedintheTownofHaverstraw, RocklandCounty,NewYork(seeFiguresD-4,D-5a,andD-5binExhibitD).TheProposedProjectwoulddrawandtreatwaterfromtheHudsonRiveranddeliverupto7.5milliongallonsperday(mgd)ofpotablewatertotheexistingUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.(UWNY)distributionsystemservingRocklandCounty.TheProposedProjectwouldallowUWNYtoincreasethecapacityofitswatersupplysystemtomeettheprojectedabilitytocontinuetoprovidewaterforthecounty,includingprovidingadequatequantity, quality,andwaterpressuretomeettheprojectedfuturedemandsforcountyresidents, businesses,andfirefightingcapabilities.TheProposedProjectwoulddrawwaterthroughanintakestructurelocatedinHaverstrawBayintheHudsonRiver,throughanintakepumpingstationtoawater treatmentplantviaarawwatertransmissionmain.Atthewatertreatmentplant,water wouldbetreatedtoremoveimpurities,includingsalinity.Thepotablewaterwouldbe transmittedfromtheplantvianewundergroundwatertransmissionmainsthatwould connecttoUWNYWastewatergeneratedbythewatertreatmentprocesswouldbetransmittedtotheHaverstrawJointRegionalSewage TreatmentPlant(JRSTP).WastewaterfromtheProposedPosmosispipetocreateaphysicaltie-in.TheProposedProjectwouldbeimplementedinthreeseparatephases,tomeetgrowthinwaterdemandasRocWhenthefacilityopensforoperationin2015,itwouldinitiallytreatanddeliverupto2.5mgdofpotablewater.Asmeetthatdemand,withtheultimatecapacityat7.5mgd.AsdescribedinExhibitC.2,populationforecastspreparedbyplanningagenciesandindependentinstitutions.PROJECTSITES follows:

C.1-2IntakeSite:Thisapproximatelyone-acreparcel(aswellasadditionallandunderwater)locatedonthesouthsideofBeachRoadalongtheHudsonRiverwouldhousetheintakepumpingstationthatwouldpumpwaterfromtheriver.Thesite, currentlyownedbytheU.S.GypsumCompany(USG),isvacantlandusedforoff-seasonboatstoragebytheHaverstrawMarinaandisadjacenttotheenclosedconveyorthatisusedbyUSGtomovesuppliesfrombargesthatdockataUSGpier intheHudsonRiver.HudsonRiver:WaterwouldbewithdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverthroughanintakesystem(describedbelow).Itisanticipatedthatthewaterintakepipelinewouldextend fromtheshorelineoftheIntakeSiteapproximately900feetintotheHudsonRiver offshoreoftheIntakeSite.Thepipelinewouldbeinstalledinatunnelburiedbelow theriverbottom.WaterTreatmentPlantSite:This15.38-acrevacantsitelocatedtothewestandsouthoftheclosedTownofHaverstrawLandfillwouldhousethewatertreatmentplant.MostoftheWaterTreatmentPlantSite(thenorthernportion)isareclaimedarealocatedwithintheboundaryofthenow-closedHaverstrawLandfill,andis ownedbytheTownofHaverstraw.ThesouthernportionoftheSiteisaprivately ownedvacantparcelcurrentlyownedbyDSBRealtyAssociates,LLC.RawWaterTransmissionMain:Riverbytheintakepumpingstationwouldbetransmittedtothewatertreatmentplant siteviaanundergroundrawwatertransmissionmain.TheproposedrouteislocatedprimarilybeneathBeachRoadinthepublicright-of-way,asshowninFigureD-5ainExhibitD.PotableWaterDistributionMains:PotablewaterfromthewatertreatmentplantwouldbetransmittedtoexistingmainsinUWNYconnectionsfromthewatertreatmentplant.Currently,severalpossibleconnectionroutesarebeingconsideredforthesemains,asshowninFigureD-6inExhibitD.WATERTREATMENTFACILITIESANDPROCESSESRAWWATERINTAKESYSTEMRawwatertobesuppliedtothenewWaterTreatmentPlantwouldbepumpedfromtheHudsonRiverthroughanintakesystemconsistingofanintakestructureintheHudsonRiver,approximately900feetfromtheshoreline,anintakepipelinefromthestructureto theshore,andintakepumpingstationontheIntakeSite.Theintakepumpingstation wouldconsistofasinglebuilding,approximately3,000squarefeetinsize,whichwould housethepumps,electricalandmechanicalsystems,aircompressors,andother equipment.TheintakesystemwouldbedesignedtominimizeadverseeffectstoaquaticresourcesintheHudsonRiver.Theintakeintheriverwouldusefive36-inchcylindrical-shapedwedge-wirescreenswithasmallslotsize(0.5-millimiter),whichwouldminimizepotentialadverseeffectstoaquaticresourcesrelatedtopotentialimpingement(inwhich aquaticresourcesarepulledagainstthescreen)orentrainment(inwhichtheyaredrawn intotheintake).Theintakesystemwouldbesupportedondeepfoundations(piles)thatRevisedDecember2011 C.1-3wouldextendtobedrockanestimated180to200feetbelowtherivermudline).Theintakescreenswouldbelocatedaminimumoffourfeetabovetheriverbottomwhilethe topofthescreenswouldbeapproximately7.36feetbelowthewatersurfaceatmeanlow lowwater(MLLW).Anaircleaningsystemwouldbeusedtoperiodicallycleanthe intakescreensofdebrisandtopreventbiofouling,andachemicalcleaningsystemwould beusedtocleantheinterioroftherawwaterintakeline.Beneaththeriverbottom,a7-footdiameterrawwaterintakesleevewouldhousetheintakewaterpipe,airsupplylinesfortheaircleaningsystem,andsmall-diameterchemicalcleaningsupplylinesforthe chemicalcleaningsystemthatwouldbeusedtocleantheinsideofthepipes.Theair cleaningsystemwouldconsistofanaircompressorandcompressedairreceiveratthe IntakeSite,andfive6-inchairsupplylineswithintheintakesleeve.Thechemicalpiping wouldbecontainedwithinacarrierpipewithinthepipecasingthatalsohousestherawwaterintakepipe.Chemicalsinthepipingwouldnotbeabletoleakintotheriver.Thewaterintakesystemwouldbeoperatedtodrawhighqualitywaterfromtherivereachday.Toproduce7.5mgdoftreatedwater,amaximumvolumeof10milliongallonswould bewithdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverduringa24-hourperiod.Itwouldbepumpedfrom theintakepumpingstationintorawwaterstoragetanksatthewatertreatmentplant,from whichitwouldbedrawnfortreatment.TherawwatertransmissionmainwouldtransmittherawwatertotheWaterTreatmentPlantSiteviaanew30-inch-diameterrawwatertransmissionforcemainburiedprimarily beneathpublicstreets.WATERQUALITYMONITORING Attheintakepumpingstation,waterqualitywouldbecontinuouslymonitoredtodetectanysignificantchangein-riverwaterqualitythatcouldaffectfinishedwaterqualitybeforeitisprocessedatthewatertreatmentplant.Intheeventthatpotential contaminationeventsoccur,thewaterqualitymonitoringwouldallowmaximum responsetimefromthepointthewateriswithdrawnfromtherivertowhenitentersthe treatmentprocess.ThesystemwouldbetiedtoUWNYandDataAcquisition(SCADA)system(discussedbelow)toallowremote,real-time monitoringbythewatertreatmentplantoperators.Whenapotentialcontaminationeventisidentified,thepossibleresponsesthatmaybetakencanincludeconfirmatoryandmorefrequentwaterqualitysamplingandlaboratoryanalysis;adjustmenttoprocessoperating conditionstomitigatepotentialupsets;andtemporaryshutdownoftheintakepumping stationuntiltheanomalousconditiondissipatesoruntilsuchtimethattheriverwater qualityisdeterminedtobeacceptable.WATERTREATMENTPROCESSAttheWaterTreatmentPlantSite,thewatertreatmentplantwouldconsistofanintegratedseriesofinterconnectedbuildingssizedtohousethewatertreatmentequipment,aswellasstoragetanks,potablewaterreservoirs,pumps,andchlorinebasins.RevisedDecember2011 C.1-4ThewaterdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverwouldbesubjectedtoarigorousmulti-steptreatmentprocesstoensurethatitmeetsallapplicablehealthstandardsandiscompatible withtheotherwaterinUWNYThiswouldprovidemultiplebarriersforremovingvariouswaterqualityparametersofconcern,toallowthefinished watertomeetorexceedallapplicabledrinkingwaterstandards.Thepotentialwater treatmentprocessthatmaybeusedatthewatertreatmentplant,basedonconceptualdesigns,wouldincludethefollowing:Pretreatmentforsolidsremoval:Pretreatmentconsistsofacombinationofprocessestoremoveparticlesthataresuspendedinthewater(i.e.,turbidity).Chemicalsareaddedinthissteptomaximizetheremovalofsuspendedandcolloidalparticulatesinadditiontocertaindissolvedinorganics.Powderedactivatedcarbon(PAC)maybeaddedduringpretreatmenttoimproveremovalsofdissolvedorganicsthroughadsorption.Filtration:Followingpretreatment,thefiltrationprocess(currentlyproposedtousemicrofiltration/ultrafiltration[MF/UF])wouldremovetheremainingparticulatematterandprovideabarriertobacteriaandviruses.ReverseOsmosis(RO):Followingfiltration,theprocesswaterwouldbefreeofsuspendedsolids,atwhichpointitwouldbesubjecttoaROtreatmentsystemthat wouldforcewaterunderhighpressurethroughsemi-permeablemembranestoremovedissolvedsolids,suchassalts,fromthefilteredwaterasrequiredbasedontherawwatersalinity.RemovalofOrganicContaminants:ThetreatmentprocesscurrentlyincludestheuseofPAC.Inthefutureitispossiblethatafterpre-treatmentandROprocessing,the waterwouldbere-filteredbypassingitthroughagranularactivatedcarbon(GAC) unittoremoveorganiccontaminants.IfGACisaddedtothetreatmentsystem,it wouldreplacetheuseofPAC.Post-treatment:Thisfinalstepwouldstabilizethewaterandprovidefordisinfection.FinishedWaterStorageandPumping:Finished(treatedorpotable)waterwouldflowtotheabove-gradefinishedwaterstoragereservoirswhereacorrosioninhibitor isaddedpriortothewaterbeingpumpedthroughnewpotablewatermainconnections.PotablewaterdistributionmainswouldextendfromthenewwatertreatmentplanttoconnecttoexistingUWNYdistributionwatermains.Atthistime, severaloptionsforthepotablewatermainroutesareunderconsideration.RESIDUALSPROCESSINGThewatertreatmentprocesswouldproduceseveralwasteproducts(residuals).Themainresidualstreamsthatwouldneedtobedisposedincludewastewatercreatedduringthewatertreatmentprocess;solidsremovedduringthewatertreatmentprocess;andtheRO concentrateproducedbytheROmembraneprocess.

C.1-5Anumberofthetreatmenttrainsusedinthewatertreatmentprocesswouldproducewastewater.Mostofthiswouldberecycledtotheheadofthewatertreatmentplantfor re-useinthewatertreatmentprocess.Somewastewater,includingflowsfromclean-in-place(CIP)maintenanceproceduresandothercleaningprocedures(backwashingand rinsingofequipment)wouldbesenttotheJRSTP,whichisadjacenttotheWater TreatmentPlantSite,viatheexistingsanitarysewer.ThewastewaterfromthewatertreatmentprocesswouldbesenttotheheadoftheJRSTPfortreatment.UWNYwouldobtainanIndustrialWastewaterDischargePermitfortheProposedProjectfromtheJoint RegionalSewageBoardforthiswaste.SolidsremovedbythepretreatmentandMF/UFprocesseswouldbeintheformofaliquidsludge.Thesludgewouldbethickenedinsludgethickenersanddewateredinbeltfilterpressunitsatthewatertreatmentplant.Theresultingdewateredsludge,orsludge-sitefacility,similartosludgefromtheotherwatertreatmentplantsUWNYoperatesinRocklandCounty.Alternatively,thethickenedsludgefromthewatertreatmentprocesscouldinsteadbeconveyedtothetreatmentprocess.TheconcentrategeneratedbytheROprocess(ROconcentrate,orbrine)wouldbesentbyforcemaintotheJRSTP,whereitwouldbedischargedtotheHudsonRiverthroughtheJRSTPoutfall.Inthisway,thehighsalinityintheROconcentratewouldbemixed withthegreatervolumesofnon-salineeffluentbeingdischargedtotheriver.IMPROVEMENTSTOTHEJRSTPForthewatertreatmentplantROconcentratetobeblendedwiththeJRSTPeffluent,facilitymodificationswouldberequired;specificallynewfacilitiestomakethephysical tie-inattheoutfall.theexistingsolidsdewateringequipmentattheJRSTPwouldneedtobereplacedor upgradedwithatechnologyofsufficientcapacitytodewaterthecombinedvolumeof JRSTPandwatertreatmentplantsludges.SUPERVISORYCONTROLANDDATAACQUISITION(SCADA)SYSTEMTheProposedProjectwouldbedesignedwithaSCADAsystemthatwouldbepartofthelargerUWNYRocklandCountywatersupplySCADAsystem.SCADAsystemscollectdatafrominstrumentationandcontrolpanelsandsendthedatatocentrallocationswhere itismonitoredandmanaged.

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C.2-2C.2.2PROJECTHISTORYAsearlyasthe1960s,theSpringValleyWaterCompany(thepredecessortoUWNY)identifiedtheneedforanewsourceofdrinkingwatertomeettheprojectedfuturedemandsforwaterinRocklandCounty.Atthattime,developmentofasurfacewaterreservoirwasidentifiedasthe mostreasonableapproachtomeetingthisprojecteddemand.Anew2-billion-gallonreservoir,knownastheAmbreyPondReservoir,wasplannedanddesignedforalocationintheTownofStonyPoint.AFinalEnvironmentalImpactStatement(FEIS)assessingtheimpactsoftheAmbreyPondReservoirwascompletedinaccordancewiththeNewYorkStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct(SEQRA),andin1987,theNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC)conditionallyapprovedthewatersupplyapplicationoftheSpring ValleyWaterCompanyforthetructionpermitstobeissuedonlywhendemandsonthewatersystemreachedadesignatedlevel.Assetforthinthe1987FindingsDeterminationoftheNYSDECCommissionerfortheAmbreyPondReservoir,thewaterusetriggerfortheconstructionofAmbreyPondwasanaveragedemandfortwoconsecutiveyearsthatexceeded27.9mgd.reservoirprojectwasopposedbytheCountyofRockland,theTownofStonyPoint,andnumerousnon-governmentalorganizations.Theconcernscitedbyopponentsincludedtheneedfortheproject;itscost;itsimpactonfisheries,wetlands,andmarshes;thetriggermechanismthatwould activatetheconditionalapproval;andthepotentialseismicrisksassociatedwithconstructingapprovaloftheprojectwaschallengedincourtbutultimatelyupheldbytheSupremeCourtofNewYork,AppellateDivision,ThirdDepartmentin1988.Since1988,UWNYhascontinuedtostudytheAmbreyPondReservoirandovertheyearshaspurchasedalmostallthelandthatwouldbenecessarytoconstructthereservoir.Atthesame time,giventhelevelofinvestmentrequiredtodevelopamajornewwatersourceandthefinancialimpactsuchaninvestmentmighthaveontheratepayers,UWNYundertookanumberofmeasuresthatweresuccessfulindelayingtheneedforthereservoir.Theseincludedimplementationofawaterconservationprogram(describedindetaillaterinthisexhibitandinExhibitA),implementationofasummer-winterratestructurethatalsoledtoconservation,aseriesofshort-termwatersupplyimprovements,andtheadditionoftheRamapoValleyWell FieldtotheUWNYsupplysystem.Asdiscussedingreaterdetailbelow,UWNYnowpracticeconservationandareprudentintheiruseofwater,andadditionalconservation measureswillnotbefeasibleasameanstoavoidtheneedforalong-termwatersupplyproject.Atthistime,UWNYisproposingtheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectbecausewith30yearsoftechnologicaladvancementsinwatertreatmenttechnology,theHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectisamorereliableandmorefinanciallyandenvironmentallyprudentprojectthantheAmbreyPondproject.2006RATEORDERANDJOINTPROPOSALOnDecember14,2006,thePSCissuedanOrderconcludingtworatecasesinitiatedbyUWNYandasistercompany,UnitedWaterSouthCounty.Thesetworatecases,Case06-W-0131and06-W-1244,wereconsolidatedandconsideredasonebythePSC(referredtointhischapterasRevisedDecember2011

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C.2-8UsingtheRuleCurve,WSA2189specifiestheamountofwaterthatmustbereleasedfromLakeDeForestandtheadditionalamountthatmaybereleased,whichvariesthroughouttheyeardependingontheamountofwaterpresentinLakeDeForestandontheamountofwaterpresentinthethreedownstreamreservoirs.Thepermitconditionsareasfollows:A.IftheLakeDeForeststorageisbelowtheRuleCurveatanytimeoftheyear,releasefromLakeDeForestshallbemadetomaintainadailyaverageflowof9.75mgdinthe streamimmediatelyabovetheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.B.IftheLakeDeForeststorageisabovetheRuleCurveatanytimeoftheyear:1.Whenthetotalstorageinthethreedownstreamwatersupplyreservoirs(LakeTappan,WoodcliffLakeandOradellReservoirwithatotalcombinedavailable storagecapacityof7.74billiongallons)ismorethan50percentoftheircapacity,or 3.87billiongallons,releasefromLakeDeForestshallbemadetomaintainadailyaverageflowof9.75mgdinthestreamimmediatelyabovetheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.2.Whenthetotalstorageinthethreedownstreamreservoirsislessthan50percentoftheircapacityandatahigherpercentagestoragethanthepercentagestorageinLakeDeForest,alargerreleasemaybemadetomaintainamonthlyaverageflowofupto 15mgdinthestreamimmediatelybelowtheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.3.Whenthetotalstorageinthethreedownstreamreservoirsislessthan50percentoftheircapacityandatalowerpercentagethanthepercentagestorageinLakeDeForest,alargerreleasemaybemadetomaintainamonthlyaverageflowofupto25mgdinthestreamimmediatelybelowtheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.Thesepermitconditionsestablishaminimumreleasefordownstreamusersof9.75mgdandprovideforincreasedreleaseswhenLakeDeForesthasadequatewater(andthereforeitisabove theRuleCurve)andthedownstreamreservoirsarelessthanhalffull.Consistentwiththesepermitconditions,andinconsultationwiththevariousstakeholders,UWNYroutinelyreleaseswaterfromtheLakeDeForestDamtotheHackensackRiver.Attimeswhenwaterisspillingoverthedam,UnitedWaterclosesthereleasevalveatthedamsincethewaterthatspillsover thedam,oracombinationofthespillingwaterandareducedamountofwaterreleased,isenoughtosatisfytheminimumflowrequirementsintheHackensackRiver.Asnotedabove,WSA2189requiresthatinLakeDeForestisforeverreservedfortheneedsoftheinhabitantsofRocklandCounty.Topreservethesafeyieldinthereservoir(whichis10mgdforRocklandCounty)incaseofdroughtconditions,UWNYoperatesLakeDeForesttoprovideanannualaverageof10mgdforRocklandCountycustomersfromLakeDeForest.Ahigherflowcanbewithdrawnfromthereservoirduringpeaksummermonths,butflowmustbereducedatothertimesoftheyeartomaintainatotalaveragethatmeetstheannualaveragerequirement.Forexample,in2005,whensummerdemandrequiredLakeDeForestproductionlevelsofapproximately20mgd,theflowwasreducedto7mgdin OctoberandNovemberand5mgdinDecembertolimittheannualaverageproductionto10mgd.TheLakeDeForestWaterTreatmentPlantisoperatedsubjecttoanapprovalfromNYSDOH,issuedin2003(LogNo.16321,CWSNY4303673),whichlimitsdailyintakeofrawwatertothetreatmentplantto20.8mgd,withamaximumdailyproductionofupto20mgd,andtherunningannualaverageintakeofrawwaterto10mgd.RevisedDecember2011

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%9"8H C.2-28preparedincoordinationwith,showedagrowthofalmost57,000people(20percent)between2000and2035,foratotalpopulationof343,636by2035.DuringdevelopmentoftherecentlycompletedRocklandCountyComprehensivePlan,theRocklandCountyDepartmentofPlanningalsoprepareda

-thefuturegrowthpotentialofthecountyunderexistingzoning.

1Theanalysisconsideredexistingzoning,existingdevelopmentpatterns,andconstraintsthatrestrictdevelopment, suchasexistingstructures,parksandinstitutions,steepslopes,waterbodies,andwetlands.Thebuild-outanalysisdidnotmakeadjustmentsforfuturechangesinzoningorvariancesthatmightbegrantedandthatcouldintensifythedensityofdevelopmentthatoccurs,althoughsuchchangescanreasonablybeanticipatedinthefuture.Onthebasisofthisbuild-outanalysis,RocklandCountyestimatedthepotentialfor17,948additionalhousingunitstobedevelopedinthecountybasedoncurrentzoningandconstraintsandwithoutanychangestoorvariancesfromzoning.

2TheRocklandCountyComprehensivePlannotesthefollowingaboutthebuild-outanalysis:ThebuildoutanalysisisapotentialsaturationpointscenariothatassumesalloftheundevelopedresidentiallyzonedlandinRocklandCountyisactuallydeveloped;thisinformationisaguideanddoesnotsuggestactual,ordesired,buildinglevels.Infact,itishighlyunlikelythatafullbuildoutwouldoccurintheforeseeablefuture,asremaininglandtendstobelessdesirableintermsofeaseandcostofdevelopmentbecauseofsuchlimitingelementsaswetlands,floodplainsandsteepslopes,multipleownership,varyingestateissuesandalackoflandactuallyforsale.Formoreaccurateandrealisticgrowthprojections,anumberoffactorsshouldbeexaminedsuchaspopulationforecasts,householdsizeestimatesandeconomicgrowthopportunities.

3 2.AdjustmentforUWNYservicearea.ThefuturepopulationforecastswereadjustedtoreflecttheportionofRocklandCountythatislocatedwithinUWNYareasnotservedbyUWNYtheVillagesofSuffern,Nyack,andSouthNyackwereremoved).3.Identificationofwaterdemandcharacteristics.Thewaterdemandpatterns,basedonbillingrecordsbyaccounttypeandonproductionvolumes,intheUWNYserviceareaovertheprevious10years(20002009,bothwithandwithoutthedroughtyearof2002)werereviewedtogetherwiththeestimatesofpopulation,households,andemploymentforthoseyearstoidentifytheaveragewaterdemand(ingpd)perperson,perhousehold,andper employee.4.Projectionoffuturewaterdemand.Thewaterdemandcharacteristicsidentifiedinstep3,whichwereonapercapitabasis,werethenappliedtothefuturepopulationprojections 1RocklandTomorrow:RocklandCountyComprehensivePlan.RocklandCounty,adoptedMarch1,IncludedasAppendix20.1oftheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectDEIS 2TheRocklandCountybuild-outanalysisdidnotassumeredevelopmentoftheAmbreyPondlands.AsshownintheRocklandCountyComprehensivePlan(page65),thislandwasconsideredtohavelittleornodevelopmentpotential.Therefore,theestimated50residentialunitsthatcouldpotentiallybedevelopedontheAmbreyPondlandsiftheProposedProjectisapproved,andiftheAmbreyPond landsareredevelopedwouldbeinadditiontothe17,948units.

3RocklandTomorrow:RocklandCountyComprehensivePlan.RocklandCounty,adoptedMarch1,RevisedDecember2011

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C.2-33capacityresultingfrominfrastructureimprovements.Theoreticalincreasesorthosebasedonchangeofoperationwithoutphysicalchangearenotcountedtowardsatisfactionofthesupply 1TablesC.2-7andC.2-8alsoindicatethevolumeincreasesalreadyachieved(asofJune30,2011)inaccordancewiththecommitmentsrequiredbythe2006RateOrder.Asshowninthetables,atotalof5.94mgdinadditionalpeakcapacityand0.9mgdinaveragecapacityhasbeen addedtothesystemsince2006.Thepeakcapacityincreaseswereachievedthroughimprovementstopumpsandtreatmentfacilitiesatanumberofsystemwells,constructionofanewboosterpumpstation,andbytheimprovementoftheLetchworthReservoirswatertreatmentplanttoincreaseitscapacityfrom1.0to3.0mgd.TableC.2-7PeakVolumeCommitmentsandPeakSystemCapacityRequiredby2006and2010RateOrdersthrough2015(mgd)YearTargetIncrementalIncreasetoPeakSupplyTargetCumulativeAdditiontoPeakSupplyTotalSystemPeakCapacitywithTargetIncreaseActualPeakSupplyCumulativeIncreaseAchievedActualPeakSupplyCapacitywithIncrease2006(Baseline) 45.5 45.520073.4 3.4 48.9 4.02 49.5220080.5 3.9 49.4 4.45 49.9520090.44.3 49.8 5.83 51.332010 49.8 5.94 51.4420110.9 5.2 50.72012 50.720130.9 6.1 51.62014 51.62015 1 7.1 52.6Notes:2006peaksupplycapacityconsistedofthefollowing:LakeDeForestat20mgd,RamapoValleyWellFieldat4mgd;systemwellsat20.5mgd;LetchworthReservoirsat1mgd.Asdefinedinthe2006RateOrder(Exhibit11tothe2006JointProposal)andthe2010RateinableforSupplycommitmentsachievedareasofJune30,2011.

12010JointProposal,Appendix7.RevisedDecember2011

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iTableofContentsTableofContentsSection1Introduction1.1Background...............................................................................................................1-11.1.1UnitedWaterNewYork..............................................................................1-11.1.22006RateOrderandJointProposal...........................................................1-11.1.32010RateOrderandJointProposal...........................................................1-21.2PurposeandScope...................................................................................................1-31.3ProjectDescription...................................................................................................1-41.3.1ProjectSites....................................................................................................1-51.3.2WaterTreatmentFacilitiesandProcesses.................................................1-61.3.2.1RawWaterIntakeSystem..............................................................1-61.3.2.2WaterQualityMonitoring..............................................................1-71.3.2.3WaterTreatmentProcess................................................................1-7 1.3.2.4ResidualsProcessing.......................................................................1-81.3.3ProjectPhasing..............................................................................................1-9Section2ExistingSystemInformation2.1UnitedWaterRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystem......................................2-12.1.1WaterSources................................................................................................2-12.1.1.1LakeDeForest....................................................................................2-32.1.1.2LetchworthReservoirs.....................................................................2-52.1.1.3RamapoValleyWellField...............................................................2-72.1.1.4SystemWells.....................................................................................2-92.1.1.5SummaryofRequiredReleases....................................................2-102.1.2WaterDistributionSystem........................................................................2-112.1.2.1RocklandCountySystem..............................................................2-11 2.1.2.2ConnectionstoOtherSystems......................................................2-122.1.3WaterSystemManagementandAvailableWaterSupply...................2-13Section3PurposeandNeed3.1ExistingandFutureWaterDemand......................................................................3-13.1.1WaterDemandCharacteristics...................................................................3-13.1.1.1ExistingWaterDemandPatternsandTrends..............................3-13.1.1.2UnitedWaterExistingCustomerProfile.......................................3-33.1.1.3EffectsofConservationExistingDemand.....................................3-43.1.1.4ContributionofNon-RevenueWatertoExistingDemand........3-53.1.2FutureWaterDemandProjections................................................................3-53.1.2.1WaterDemandForecastsConductedin2006...............................3-6 3.1.2.22010WaterDemandForecast.........................................................3-63.1.2.32010WaterDemandForecast:EffectsofConservationonFutureDemand..........................................................................................................3-7 TableofContentsHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectNYSDECWaterSupplyApplicationEngineer'sReport iiTableofContents3.1.2.42010WaterDemandForecast:ContributionofNon-RevenueWatertoFutureDemand.............................................................................3-83.1.2.5UpdatedWaterDemandForecastReflecting2010Census........3-93.2Long-TermSupplyGap.........................................................................................3-10 3.3SystemReliability...................................................................................................3-133.4ProjectGoalsandBenefits.....................................................................................3-14Section4WaterQuality,QuantityandCompliancewithDrinkingWaterRegulations4.1HudsonRiverWaterQuality..................................................................................4-14.1.1HudsonRiverHistoricalWaterQualityData.............................................4-24.1.1.1ParametersAnalyzedandFrequency............................................4-24.1.1.2ParameterDetections.......................................................................4-44.1.2SondeWaterQualityBuoyData...................................................................4-44.1.2.1ParametersAnalyzedandFrequency............................................4-54.1.3PilotPlantWaterQualityData......................................................................4-54.1.3.1ParametersAnalyzedandFrequency............................................4-54.1.3.2ParameterDetections.......................................................................4-64.1.4WaterQualityDataComparison...................................................................4-74.1.4.1AppendixBTable1Summary........................................................4-7 4.1.4.2AppendixBTable2Summary........................................................4-84.1.4.3Conclusion.........................................................................................4-84.1.5HydrodynamicModelingResults.................................................................4-84.1.6MunicipalitiesUtilizingtheHudsonRiverasaWaterSupply.................4-94.2WaterQuantity.......................................................................................................4-104.2.1HudsonRiverHydrology.............................................................................4-104.2.2MinisceongoCreekHydrology...................................................................4-114.2.3ProjectEffectonWaterQuality...................................................................4-114.3KeyDrinkingWaterRegulations.........................................................................4-124.3.1CurrentRegulations...................................................................................4-234.3.1.1IESWTRandLT1ESWTRTurbidityRequirements...................4-23 4.3.1.2Stage1D/DBPRMCLsforDisinfectionByproducts................4-24 4.3.1.3TotalOrganicCarbon(TOC)Removal........................................4-244.3.1.4DisinfectionProfiling/Benchmarking.........................................4-264.3.1.5Stage2D/DBPRMCLsandMCLGsforDisinfectionByproducts.......................................................................................4-264.3.1.6LT2ESWTRCryptosporidiumTreatmentDetails.........................4-274.3.1.7FilterBackwashRecyclingRule(FBBR)......................................4-27 4.3.1.8GroundWaterRule(GWR)...........................................................4-284.3.1.9LeadandCopperRuleRevisions.................................................4-294.3.1.10TotalColiformRuleRevisions....................................................4-294.3.2CompliancewithCurrentRegulations.......................................................4-30 TableofContentsHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectNYSDECWaterSupplyApplicationEngineer'sReport iiiTableofContentsAppendicesAppendixAAppendixBWaterQualityDataAppendixCSourceWaterandReceivingWaterAnalysis

iListofTablesListofTablesTable1-1PhasingoftheProposedProject...........................................................................1-10Table2-1PermitRequirementsforExistingWaterSupplySystemSources....................2-1Table2-2UnitedWaterRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystemCapacity...................2-13Table2-3AverageMonthlyWaterProduction...................................................................2-15Table3-1RocklandCountyResidentialandWorkerPopulations.....................................3-3Table3-2AverageWaterConsumptionbyAccountType..................................................3-4 Table4-1SampleLocationsfor2007-2008WaterQualityMonitoring..............................4-2Table4-2SummaryofPriorRiverWaterQualityMonitoring/AnalysisPerformed......4-3Table4-3HudsonRiverWaterIndustrialandCommercialUses......................................4-9Table4-4NationalPrimaryDrinkingWaterRegulations.................................................4-13Table4-5NationalSecondaryDrinkingWaterStandards................................................4-22Table4-6Stage1MRDLGsandMRDLsforDisinfectants................................................4-25Table4-7Stage1MCLGsandMCLsforDisinfectionBy-Products.................................4-25Table4-8TOCPercentRemoval............................................................................................4-26

iListofFiguresListofFiguresFollowingPageNo.Figure2-1ExistingUnitedWaterRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystem.......................2-1Figure2-2UnitedWaterRocklandCountyServiceArea....................................................2-12Figure2-3UnitedWaterRocklandCountyPressureDistricts...........................................2-12Figure2-4UnitedWaterRocklandCountyServiceArea....................................................2-12 Figure2-5MonthlyAverageDailySupply............................................................................2-14Figure3-1AnnualAverageDayDemandandMaximumDayDemand............................3-1Figure3-2MonthlyAverageandMaximumDayWaterDemand......................................3-2Figure3-3WaterDemandForecasts:AnnualAverageDayDemand.................................3-6Figure3-4WaterDemandForecasts:CombinedSensitivityAnalysisAnnualAverageDayDemand.............................................................................................................3-9Figure3-5ComparisonofWaterDemandProjectionsBeforeandAfter2010Census...3-10Figure3-6WaterDemandProjectionsvs.AvailableSupplyWithoutLong-TermWaterSupplyProject.........................................................................................................3-11Figure3-7WaterDemandProjectionsvs.AvailableSupplyWithLong-TermWaterSupplyProject.........................................................................................................3-11Figure4-1HudsonRiverWaterQualitySamplingSites.......................................................4-2Figure4-2HudsonRiverWatershed........................................................................................4-9

1-1W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docSection1 Introduction1.1Background1.1.1UnitedWaterNewYorkUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.(UWNY)isaU.S.corporationincorporatedinaccordancewiththelawsofNewYorkState.UWNYEnvironnementS.A.,aFrenchcompany.AsaU.S.corporation,UWNYissubjecttotherulesandregulationsthatapplytobusinessesintheUnitedStates.UWNYisthesuccessortotheSpringValleyWaterworksandSupplyCompany,foundedin1893to providewatertoRocklandCounty.Together,thesecompanieshavebeenprovidingwatertoRocklandCountyformorethan100years.UWNYisapublicutility/water-workscorporationorganizedunderArticle4oftheNewYorkTransportationCorporationsLaw(TCL).TheTCLappliestotelephone,waterworks,sewageworks,steam,ferry,pipeline,andfreightterminal corporations.PursuanttoitstariffestablishedunderTCL§42,andNewYorkPublicServiceLaw§89-b,UWNYislegallyrequiredtosupplytheinhabitantsofitsserviceUWNYprovidesapublicwatersupplysystem,includingdrinkingwaterandwaterforfireprotection,totheresidentsandbusinessesinRocklandCounty,NewYork,excludingtheVillagesofSuffern,Nyack,andSouthNyack.UWNYalsoservesasmallportionofOrangeCounty(inportionsoftheTownsofTuxedo,Warwick,and Monroe).Itsmandate,likeallwatersuppliers,istoprovideadependable,adequatesupplyofwatertomeettheneedsfordomesticwateruseandfirefighting,andtoprovidewaterthatmeetsorexceedsallsafedrinkingwaterstandards.1.1.22006RateOrderandJointProposalOnDecember14,2006,theNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission(PSC)issued anOrderconcludingtworatecasesinitiatedbyUWNYandasistercompany,UnitedWaterSouthCounty.Thesetworatecases,Case06-W-0131and06-W-1244,wereconsolidatedandconsideredasonebythePSC(referredtointhisreport

.1ThisPSCOrder(asnotedearlier,referredtothroughoutthisreportasaffiliatedcompanies,UWNY,andUnitedWaterSouthCountyWaterInc.,andestablishedthetermsoftherateplanforthemergedcompany.SectionsXIandXIII,andrelatedExhibits8through11,ofthe2006JointProposalsetforthaplanforincreasingtheavailablewatersupplyinthefuturetomeetprojected 1Cases06-W-0131and06-W-0244ProceedingonMotionoftheCommissionastotheRates,Charges,RulesandRegulationsofUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.andUnitedWaterSouthCountyforWaterService,OrderApprovingMergerandAdoptingThree-YearPlan(issuedandeffectiveDecember14,2006).RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-2W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docdemands,includingmilestonesforimplementingnewsuppliesandpenaltiesifthemilestonesaremissed.SectionXIofthe2006JointProposalstates:interestfortheCompany[UWNY]toaccelerateitsdevelopmentofnewsourcesofsupply.ItisunderstoodandagreedthatthedevelopmentofthecommitmentsdiscussedinSectionXIIIandExhibit11increasesupply,meetthesupplyneedsofRocklandCountyandspecificallyconsiderthe developmentallowedundercurrentlandusecontrolthroughoutRocklandcontributedtothedevelopmentofthesecommitments.

2Exhibit8ofthe2006JointProposalincludesalistofprojectsthatcouldbeundertakentomeetthewatersupplygoalsintheshortandmedium-term(withanticipatedin-servicedatesin2008and2009).However,the2006JointProposalcommitsUWNYto meetspecificincreasesinsupplyratherthantoimplementtheprojectslisted.Thepeakandyearlyaveragedayvolumecommitmentsthatmustbemetthrough2015are listedinExhibit11ofthe2006JointProposal.ThecommitmentspresentedinExhibit11ofthe2006JointProposalwillincreasethetotalthree-daysustainablepeaksupplyby7.1milliongallonsperday(mgd)by2015,overtheexisting45.5mgdin2006;andwillincreasetheyearlyaveragedailysupplyby1.5mgdby2015,overtheexisting33 mgdin2006.Inaddition,toaddresstheneedforincreasedsupplybeyond2015,the2006JointProposalalsorequiresUWNYtoimplementalong-termwatersupplyprojectandsetsforthmilestonecommitmentsrelatedtoplanning,analysis,permits,andconstructionofthatlong-termwatersupplyprojectsothatitwillbeinservicebytheendof2015.1.1.32010RateOrderandJointProposalOnJuly20,2010,thePSCissuedanOrderconcludingaratecaseinitiatedbyUWNYin2009,Case09-W-0731.

3ThisRateOrder(the2010RateOrder)approvedanewrateplanforUWNYforthethree-yearperiodbeginninginSeptember2010andadoptedandincorporatedthetermsofaJointProposal,datedApril20,2010,(the2010JointProposal)asmodifiedbythe2010RateOrder,representingtheagreementinprinciple reachedbyallactivepartiesinthecase.Thepartiestothe2010JointProposalwereUWNYandstaffoftheDepartmentofPublicService.Whilethetermsofthe2010RateOrderrelateprimarilytothethree-yearrateincrease,the2010RateOrderalsocontinuestheobligationsofthe2006RateOrder,includingthenewwatersupplysourcevolumeandconstructionmilestonesandhydrant maintenanceschedulesestablishedin2006RateOrder.Thenewwatersupplysource 22006JointProposal,p.11.

3Case09-W-0731-ProceedingonMotionoftheCommissionastotheRates,Charges,RulesandRegulationsofUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.,OrderAdoptingJointProposalasModifiedandEstablishingaThree-YearRatePlan(issuedandeffectiveJuly20,2010).RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-3W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.doccomponentofthe2010RateOrderconstitutestheregulatorymandateandestablishestheneedfortheProposedProjectdescribedinthisreport(whichhadpreviouslybeenestablishedinthe2006RateOrder).Duringthe2010RateCase,theTownofRamapononeedforalong-termwatersupplyproject.Amongotherthings,theTownof RamapoarguedthatUnitedWatercouldeliminatetheneedforalong-termwater supplyprojectbystoppingthereleaseofwaterfromLakeDeForestfordownstreamusers(seethediscussioninsection1.3.1.1.1below).Byreconfirminginthe2010RateOrderthemandateofthe2006RateOrderregardingtheneedforalong-termwatersupplyproject,thePSCrejectedtheargumentthattherewasnoneedfortheProposedProject.Inthe2010RateOrder,thePSCalsofoundthatgiventhefinancialinvestmentUWNYhasalreadymadeforthelong-termwatersupplyproject,theincentivemechanism(i.e.,theperformancepayments)isnolongernecessaryorapplicable.1.2PurposeandScopeTheNewYorkEnvironmentalConservationLawestablishesNYSDECasthepowertocontrol,regulate,andpreservethewaterresourcesoftheentirestate.In addition,aspartofitsrole,publicwatersupplyprogram.ANYSDECwatersupplypermitisrequiredbeforeasupplyinconnectionwithanewwatersupplyanyneworadditionalsourceofwatersupplyinconnectionwithanexistingwateractions.4NYSDECregulatesNewYorkStatewatersupplyunderTitle15ofArticle15oftheNewYorkEnvironmentalConservationLaw(ECL).UnderTitle15anditsimplementingregulations(6NYCRRPart601),drinkingwatersupplyisregulatedbyNYSDECthroughpublicwatersupplyapplication(WSA)permits,whichsetthewithdrawalamountsandotherconditionsunderwhichdrinkingwatercanbewithdrawnfromeachdrinkingwatersource(6NYCRRPart601).Inaccordancewith6NYCRR§601.6,toissueawatersupplypermit,NYSDECmustdetermine:(1)thattheproposedprojectisjustifiedbythepublicnecessity;(2)thattheapplicantproperlyconsideredothersourcesofwatersupplythatareormaybecomeavailable;(3)thatall workandconstructionconnectedwiththeprojectwillbeproperandsafe;(4)thatthewatersupplywillbeadequatetomeettheneedsoftheproposedservicearea;(5)thattherewillbeproperprotectionandtreatmentofthewatersupplyandwatershed;(6)thattheproposedprojectisjustandequitabletoallaffectedmunicipalitiesandtheirinhabitants,andinparticularwithregardtotheirpresentandfutureneedsforsourcesofwatersupply;and(7)thatanypropertyacquisitionisfairlycompensated.

InaccordancewithECL§15-1503(1),eachapplicantforawatersupplypermitmustdocumentitsexistingandfuturewaterconservationplansaspartofthepermitreviewprocess.

46NYCRR§601.3.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-4W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docThepurposeofthisEReportistodemonstratethattheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectisanecessary,technicallysoundmeansoffulfillingUWNYwatersupplyrequirementsidentifiedin2006RateOrderandthe2010RateOrder.showsthattheprojectadequatelymeetsthefutureneedsoftheservicearea,isjustifiedbypublicnecessity,properlyprotectsthecontributingwatersupplysourceandwatershed,andprovidesadequatetreatmentincompliance withdrinkingwaterregulations.ThefollowingkeyaspectsoftheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectarepresentedinsubsequentsectionsofthisreport.Historicalandcurrentwaterusetrendscombinedwithwaterdemandprojectionsdirectlysupporttheneedforadditionallongtermwatersupplycapacity.Vulnerableconditionoftheexistingsupplyunderdroughtconditions.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwillprovideincreasedlongtermwatersupplycapacityandintroduceanew,morereliablewatersource,theHudsonRiver,whichisnotimpactedbylocaldroughtconditions.WaterqualitydatafromthevicinityoftheproposedintakelocationintheHudsonRiversshowsthatitisanacceptabledrinkingwatersource.DuetothevastsizeoftheHudsonRiveritwillsufficientlysupporttheproposedwithdrawalquantitiesfortheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwillcomplywithalldrinkingwaterregulations.Additionalaspectsoftheprojectwillbeaddressedasfollows:(1)theongoing environmentalreviewfortheprojectwillensurethatallotherpossiblewatersourceswereconsidered,whilemaintainingajustandequitableapproachforalltheaffected municipalities;(2)UWNYisundergoingnegotiationswithU.S.GypsumCompany(USG)forthenecessarylandacquisition;and(3)theprojectwillbedesignedand constructedbasedonsoundengineeringpractices.1.3ProjectDescriptionTheProposedProjectentailsthedevelopmentandoperationofanewwaterintake, intakepumpingstation,andwatertreatmentfacilityintheTownofHaverstraw, RocklandCounty,NewYork.TheProposedProjectwouldcollectandtreatwaterfromtheHudsonRiveranddeliverupto7.5mgdofpotablewatertotheexisting UWNYdistributionsystemservingRocklandCounty,fortheexclusiveuseofUWNYTheProposedProjectwouldallowUWNYtoincreasethecapacityofitswatersupply systemtomeettheprojectedfuturedemandsforwaterinRocklandCounty,and thereforeiscriticaltoUWNYRevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-5W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docincludingprovidingadequatequantity,quality,andwaterpressuretomeettheprojectedfuturedemandsforcountyresidents,businesses,andfirefighting capabilities.TheProposedProjectwoulddrawwaterthroughanintakestructurelocatedinHaverstrawBayintheHudsonRiver,throughanintakepumpingstationtoawatertreatmentplantviaarawwatertransmissionmain.Atthewatertreatmentplant,waterwouldbetreatedtoremoveimpurities,includingsalinity.ThepotablewaterwouldbetransmittedfromtheplantvianewundergroundwatertransmissionmainsthatwouldconnecttoUWNYandsalinityremovedfromthewaterwouldbeprocessedanddisposedofinaccordancewithapplicablelawsandregulations.1.3.1ProjectSitesfollows:IntakeSite:Thisapproximatelyone-acreparcel(aswellasadditionallandunderwater)locatedonthesouthsideofBeachRoadalongtheHudsonRiverwouldhousetheintakepumpingstationthatwouldpumpwaterfromtheriver.Thesite,currentlyownedbytheUSG,isvacantlandusedforoff-season boatstoragebytheHaverstrawMarinaandisadjacenttotheenclosedconveyorthatisusedbyUSGtomovesuppliesfrombargesthatdockata USGpierintheHudsonRiver.HudsonRiver:WaterwouldbewithdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverthroughanintakesystem(describedbelow).Itisanticipatedthatthewaterintake pipelinewouldextendfromtheshorelineoftheIntakeSiteapproximately900feetintotheHudsonRiveroffshoreoftheIntakeSite.Thepipelinewouldbeinstalledinatunnelburiedbelowtheriverbottom.WaterTreatmentPlantSite:This15.38-acrevacantsitelocatedtothewestandsouthoftheclosedTownofHaverstrawLandfillwouldhousethewater treatmentplant.MostoftheWaterTreatmentPlantSite(thenorthernportion) isareclaimedarealocatedwithintheboundaryofthenow-closedHaverstrawLandfill,andisownedbytheTownofHaverstraw.ThesouthernportionoftheSiteisaprivatelyownedvacantparcelcurrentlyownedbyDSBRealtyAssociates,LLC.RawWaterTransmissionMain:HudsonRiverbytheintakepumpingstationwouldbetransmittedtothe watertreatmentplantsiteviaanundergroundrawwatertransmissionmain.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-6W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docPotableWaterDistributionMains:PotablewaterfromthewatertreatmentplantwouldbetransmittedtoexistingmainsinUWNYsystemvianewconnectionsfromthewatertreatmentplant.1.3.2WaterTreatmentFacilitiesandProcesses1.3.2.1RawWaterIntakeSystemRawwatertobesuppliedtothenewWaterTreatmentPlantwouldbepumpedfromtheHudsonRiverthroughanintakesystemconsistingofanintakestructureintheHudsonRiver,approximately900feetfromtheshoreline,anintakepipelinefromthe structuretotheshore,andintakepumpingstationontheIntakeSite.Theintakepumpingstationwouldconsistofasinglebuilding,approximately3,000squarefeetinsize,whichwouldhousethepumps,electricalandmechanicalsystems,aircompressors,andotherequipment.TheintakesystemwouldbedesignedtominimizeadverseeffectstoaquaticresourcesintheHudsonRiver.Theintakeintheriverwouldusefive36-inchcylindrical-shapedwedge-wirescreenswithasmallslotsize(0.5-millimeter),whichwouldminimize potentialadverseeffectstoaquaticresourcesrelatedtopotentialimpingement(inwhichaquaticresourcesarepulledagainstthescreen)orentrainment(inwhichthey aredrawnintotheintake).Theintakesystemwouldbesupportedondeepfoundations(piles)thatwouldextend180to200feetbelowtherivermudline.The intakescreenswouldbelocatedaminimumoffourfeetabovetheriverbottomwhilethetopofthescreenswouldbeapproximately7.36feetbelowthewatersurfaceatmeanlowlowwater(MLLW).Anaircleaningsystemwouldbeusedtoperiodicallycleantheintakescreensofdebrisandtopreventbiofouling,andachemicalcleaning systemwouldbeusedtocleantheinterioroftherawwaterintakeline.Beneaththeriverbottom,a7-footdiameterrawwaterintakesleevewouldhousetheintakewaterpipe,airsupplylinesfortheaircleaningsystem,andsmall-diameterchemical cleaningsupplylinesforthechemicalcleaningsystemthatwouldbeusedtocleantheinsideofthepipes.TheaircleaningsystemwouldconsistofanaircompressorandcompressedairreceiverattheIntakeSite,andfive6-inchairsupplylineswithintheintakesleeve.Thechemicalpipingwouldbecontainedwithinacarrierpipewithinthepipecasingthatalsohousestherawwaterintakepipe.Chemicalsinthepipingwouldnotbeabletoleakintotheriver.Therawwaterintakesystemwouldbeoperatedtodrawhighqualitywaterfromtherivereachday.Toproduce7.5mgdoftreatedwater,amaximumvolumeof10milliongallonswouldbewithdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverduringa24-hourperiod.

Itwouldbepumpedfromtheintakepumpingstationintorawwaterstoragetanksatthewatertreatmentplant,fromwhichitwouldbedrawnfortreatment.TherawwatertransmissionmainwouldtransmittherawwatertotheWaterTreatmentPlantSiteviaanew30-inch-diameterrawwatertransmissionforcemain buriedprimarilybeneathpublicstreets.UndernormalconditionstherawwaterwillnotbealtereduntilitreachestheWaterTreatmentPlantforsubsequenttreatment.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-7W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docPeriodically,sodiumhypochloritewillbeaddedtotherawwaterattheintakepumpstationtocontrolbiofoulingintheintakelineandrawwatertransmissionmain.The chlorinatedwaterwillbesubsequentlydechlorinatedinthewatertreatmentprocess.1.3.2.2WaterQualityMonitoringAttheintakepumpingstation,waterqualitywouldbecontinuouslymonitoredtodetectanysignificantchangeinriverwaterqualitythatcouldaffectfinishedwater qualitybeforeitisprocessedatthewatertreatmentplant.Intheeventthatpotentialcontaminationeventsoccur,thewaterqualitymonitoringwouldallowmaximumresponsetimefromthepointthewateriswithdrawnfromtherivertowhenitenters thetreatmentprocess.ThesystemwouldbetiedtoUWNYgreaterSupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition(SCADA)system(discussedbelow)toallowremote,real-timemonitoringbythewatertreatmentplantoperators.Whenapotential contaminationeventisidentified,thepossibleresponsesthatmaybetakencanincludeconfirmatoryandmorefrequentwaterqualitysamplingandlaboratoryanalysis;adjustmenttoprocessoperatingconditionstomitigatepotentialupsets;and temporaryshutdownoftheintakepumpingstationuntiltheanomalousconditiondissipatesoruntilsuchtimethattheriverwaterqualityisdeterminedtobeacceptable.1.3.2.3WaterTreatmentProcessThewatertreatmentplantwouldconsistofanintegratedseriesofinterconnected buildingssizedtohousethewatertreatmentequipment,aswellasstoragetanks,potablewaterreservoirs,pumps,andchlorinebasins.ThewaterdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverwouldbesubjectedtoarigorousmulti-steptreatmentprocesstoensurethatitmeetsallapplicablehealthstandardsandiscompatiblewiththeotherwaterinUWNYprovidemultiplebarriersforremovingvariouswaterqualityparametersofconcern, toallowthefinishedwatertomeetorexceedallapplicabledrinkingwaterstandards.

Thepotentialwatertreatmentprocessthatmaybeusedatthewatertreatmentplant,basedonconceptualdesigns,wouldincludethefollowing:Pretreatmentforsolidsremoval:Pretreatmentconsistsofacombinationofprocessestoremoveparticlesthataresuspendedinthewater(i.e.,turbidity),

includingcoagulation,flocculation,andsedimentation.ChemicalsincludingacidforpHadjustmentandcoagulantareaddedinthissteptomaximizethe removalofsuspendedandcolloidalparticulatesinadditiontocertaindissolvedinorganics.Theresultingsludgeisprocessedfurtherforvolume reductionanddisposedofoffisite.Powderedactivatedcarbon(PAC)mayalsobeaddedduringpretreatmenttoimproveremovalsofdissolvedorganicsthroughadsorption.SpentPACwillberemovedanddisposedalongwiththesettledsludge.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-8W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docFiltration:Followingpretreatment,thefiltrationprocess(currentlyproposedtousemicrofiltration/ultrafiltration[MF/UF])wouldremovetheremainingparticulatematterandprovideabarriertobacteriaandviruses.Solidsremovedinthefiltrationstepareperiodicallybackwashedfromthefiltersand aresubjectedtofurtherprocessing.Thesesolidsareultimatelycombinedwiththesolidsfromthepretreatmentstepanddisposedofoffsite.ReverseOsmosis(RO):Followingfiltration,theprocesswaterwouldbefreeofsuspendedsolids,atwhichpointitwouldbesubjecttoaROtreatmentsystemthatwouldforcewaterunderhighpressurethroughsemi-permeablemembranestoremovedissolvedconstituents,suchassaltsandmostorganicconstituents,fromthefilteredwaterasrequiredbasedontherawwatersalinity.TheresidualwateranddissolvedconstituentswhicharerejectedbytheROmembranesaredischargedasaconcentratedbrinesolution(i.e.,RO concentrate).Intheprocess,chemicalsincludingacid,antiscalant,andsodiumbisulfatemaybeadded.TheROconcentratewillbedischargedbacktotheHudsonRiverthroughtheexistingHaverstrawJointRegionalSewage TreatmentPlant(JRSTP)outfall(SPDES#:NY0028533).TheROconcentratewouldbesentbyforcemaintotheeffluentjunctionboxattheJRSTP,whereiteffluentpipe.RemovalofOrganicContaminants:ThetreatmentprocesscurrentlyincludestheuseofPAC.Inthefutureitispossiblethatafterpre-treatmentandROprocessing,thewaterwouldbere-filteredbypassingitthroughagranularactivatedcarbon(GAC)unittoremoveorganiccontaminants.IfGACisaddedtothetreatmentsystem,itwouldreplacetheuseofPAC.Post-treatment:Thisfinalstepwouldstabilizethewaterandprovidefordisinfection.FinishedWaterStorageandPumping:Finished(treatedorpotable)waterwouldflowtotheabove-gradefinishedwaterstoragereservoirswhereacorrosioninhibitorisaddedpriortothewaterbeingpumpedthroughnewpotablewatermainconnections.PotablewaterdistributionmainswouldextendfromthenewwatertreatmentplanttoconnecttoexistingUWNYdistributionwatermains.Atthistime,severaloptionsforthepotablewatermainroutesareunderconsideration.1.3.2.4ResidualsProcessingThewatertreatmentprocesswouldproduceseveralwasteproducts(residuals).The mainresidualstreamsthatwouldneedtobedisposedincludewastewatercreatedduringthewatertreatmentprocess;solidsremovedduringthewatertreatmentprocess;andtheROconcentrateproducedbytheROmembraneprocess.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-9W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docAnumberofthetreatmenttrainsusedinthewatertreatmentprocesswouldproducewastewater.Mostofthiswouldberecycledtotheheadofthewatertreatmentplant forre-useinthewatertreatmentprocess.Somewastewater,includingflowsfromclean-in-place(CIP)maintenanceproceduresandothercleaningprocedureswouldbe senttotheJRSTP,whichisadjacenttotheWaterTreatmentPlantSite,viatheexistingsanitarysewer.Thewastewaterfromthewatertreatmentprocesswouldbesenttothe headoftheJRSTPfortreatment.UWNYwouldobtainanIndustrialWastewaterDischargePermitfortheProposedProjectfromtheJointRegionalSewageBoardforthiswaste.Solidsremovedbythepretreatment,andMF/UFprocesseswouldbeintheformofaliquidsludge.Thesludgewouldbethickenedinsludgethickenersanddewateredinbeltfilterpressunitsatthewatertreatmentplant.Theresultingdewateredsludge,or-sitefacility,similartosludgefromtheotherwatertreatmentplantsUWNYoperatesinRocklandCounty.Alternatively,thethickenedsludgefromthewatertreatmentprocesscouldinsteadbeconveyedtotheJRSTPfordewateringandhandlingwiththesludgeproducedbytheTheconcentrategeneratedbytheROprocess(ROconcentrate,orbrine)wouldbesent byforcemaintotheeffluentjunctionboxattheJRSTP,whereitwouldbedischargedin.TheROconcentratewouldusetheTheROconcentratewillbeaddedtotheJRSTPsecondaryeffluentattheexistingeffluent junctionbox.Fromthejunctionbox,theflowisconveyedviaundergroundpipetotheJRSTPoutfalldiffuser(Outfall001)locatedinHaverstrawBay,justsouthoftheTownmarina.Inthisway,thehighsalinityintheROconcentratewouldbemixed withthegreatervolumesofnon-salineeffluentbeingdischargedtotheriver.1.3.3ProjectPhasingTheProposedProjectisbeingdesignedtotreatanddeliverupto7.5mgdofpotablewaterfortheexclusiveuseofUWNYopensforoperation,itwouldinitiallytreatanddeliverupto2.5mgdofpotablewater.AsRexpandedtomeetthatdemand,withtheultimatecapacityat7.5mgd.Exceptwhere otherwisenoted,thisreportdescribestheProposedProjectatitsfullcapacityof7.5 mgd.Asdescribdemandisconsistentwithpopulationforecastspreparedbyplanningagenciesandindependentinstitutions.TheProposedProjectwouldbeimplementedinthreeseparatephases,basedongrowthicapacitywouldbeaddedinphasestomeetdemandsratherthanbuildingthecompletewatertreatmentplantatonce;theintake,intakepumpingstation,andrawwatertransmissionmainswouldbeconstructedtoaccommodatefullproductionRevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-10W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.doccapacity.ThethreephasesfortheProposedProjectaresummarizedinTable1-1anddescribedbelow.Table1-1PhasingoftheProposedProjectPhaseFinishedWaterProductionCapacityIn-ServiceDatePhase12.5mgd 2015Phase25.0mgdEstimated2020Phase37.5mgdEstimated>2030Bytheendof2015,theinitialphaseoftheProposedProjectwouldbereadyforoperation.Bythattime,theintakepumpingstationandwatertreatmentplantwouldbeconstructedandoperatingtomeetaninitialproductioncapacityof2.5mgd.Theintakesystemandtherawwatertransmissionlinewouldbeconstructedtoaccommodatetheultimatebuild-outproductioncapacityof7.5mgdtoeliminatesubsequentdisruptionswhenthefacilityisexpanded.Asdemandforwaterincreases, byapproximately2020,additionaltreatmentplantequipmentwouldbeinstalledtobringproductionto5.0mgd.Athirdphasewouldincreasethecapacityoftheintakepumpingstationandthetreatmentcapacityofthewatertreatmentplantto accommodateanultimateprojectedproductioncapacityof7.5mgd.RevisedDecember2011 2-1W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxSection2ExistingSystemInformation2.1UnitedWaterRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystemRocklandCountyislocatedonthewestsideoftheHudsonRiverapproximately12milesnorthofNewYorkCity.RocklandCountyconsistsoftheTownsofOrangetown,Ramapo,Clarkstown,Haverstraw,andStonyPoint.Withinthosetownsare19incorporatedvillages.ThesouthernborderofRocklandCountyadjoinsthenorthernbordersofBergenCountyandPassaicCounty,NewJersey.UnitedWaterNewYork(UWNY)isresponsibleforprovidingwatertotheresidentsandbusinessesofRocklandCounty,excludingtheVillagesofSuffern,Nyack,andSouthNyack.Withinthisservicearea,thegreatmajorityofthewaterissuppliedbyUWNY,withasmallamountsuppliedbyprivatewellsforlocationsthatarenotservedbyUWNYsinfrastructureorforuserswhochoosenottouseUWNYssupply.UWNYalsosupplieswatertothebusinesses,institutions,andparksinRocklandCounty,includingthePalisadesInterstateParksystem.Inadditiontopotablewaterforitscustomers,UWNYalsoprovideswaterforfiresuppressionviafirehydrantsandfiresystemconnectionsthroughouttheservicearea.

1Figure2-1illustratesUWNYsservicearea.Theexistingwatersupplysystem,includingthewatersources anddistributionsystemaswellashowthesystemismanaged,aredescribedinthissectionofthereport.

22.1.1WaterSourcesUWNYsexistingwatersupplysysteminRocklandCountyiscomposedofacombinationofsurfacewaterandgroundwatersupplies.Theseinclude:twosurfacewatersupplies,theLakeDeForestandLetchworthReservoirs,intheTownsofClarkstownandHaverstraw,respectively,whichtogetherprovideapproximately32percentofthewatersuppliedannuallybyUWNYonanaveragedailybasis;theRamapoValleyWellFieldinRamapo,whichprovides24percentoftheaveragedailysupply;andapproximately50additionalactivesystemwellslocatedthroughout RocklandCounty,whichprovidetheremaining44percentoftheaveragedailysupply.3Thediscussioninthissectiondescribesthecapacityofeachwatersourceintermsof itssafeyield,averagesupply,andpeaksupply,asfollows:ThesewatersupplyelementsareshowninFigure2-1anddescribedbelow.

1UWNYalsooperatesanindependentwatersystem(formerlyoperatedbyUnitedWaterSouthCounty)thatservestheTownsofTuxedo,Warwick,andMonroeinOrangeCounty.ThissystemisseparatefromtheRocklandCountysystemdiscussedinthisDEISandwouldnotbeaffectedbytheProposedProject.2InformationonhowtheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwouldaffectmanagementofthe watersupplysystemisprovidedinsection2.4.4ofChapter2,ProjectDescription.

3SeeTable1-3,whichillustratestheaveragewaterproductionfrom2000to2009.

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Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-2W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxSafeYield:Thecapacityofawatersourceismeasuredfirstbyitssafeyield,alsosometimesreferredtoasdependableyieldorreliableyield.Thisisameasureofthemaximumquantityofwaterthatcanbesustainedfromasource,withoutdepletingthesource,duringacriticallydryperiod,whichisthedroughtof record.Thedroughtofrecordisthedroughtthathadtheworsteffectonavailabilityofwaterfromthewatersource,whichcouldbeasingleyearsdrought oracombinationofseveraldroughtyears.AsdefinedintheTen-StateStandardsdocumentusedbytheNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission(PSC)andNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth(NYSDOH)asaregulatorystandard, 4Forsurfacewater,thequantityofwateratthesourceshallbeadequatetomeetthemaximumprojectedwaterdemandoftheserviceareaasshownbycalculationsbasedonaoneinfiftyyeardroughtortheextremedroughtofrecord,andshould includeconsiderationofmultipleyeardroughts.thequantityofwaterthatshouldbemaintainedinwatersourceswhichisthesafeyieldissetforthas:Forgroundwater,thetotaldevelopedgroundwatersourcecapacity,unlessotherwisespecifiedbythereviewingauthority,shallequalorexceedthedesignmaximumdaydemandwiththelargestproducingwelloutofservice.Theplanningthresholdfordeterminingsafeyieldforsurfacewatersistheworstdroughtonrecord.Forgroundwater,calculationsofyieldaremorecomplex,sothetermsafeyieldisoftennotappliedtogroundwater.Further,incalculatingits availablegroundwatersupply,inconsultationwiththeRocklandCountyDepartmentofHealth(RCDOH),UWNYdoesnotincludeconsiderationofcapacitywiththelargestproducingwelloutofserviceasrecommendedbytheTen-StateStandards

.AverageSupplyCapacity:Theaveragesupplycapacityofawatersupplyistheamountofwaterthatcanbesustainablyprovidedoveranextendedperiodoftime, typicallyayear.Although,asnotedabove,calculationsofyieldfromgroundwater resourcesiscomplex,ingeneral,theaveragesupplycapacityisequivalenttothesafeyield.PeakSupplyCapacity:Thepeaksupplycapacitydescribestheabilityofawatersourcetoprovidehighvolumesofwateroverashortperiodoftimetomeetanelevateddemand.Typically,thepeaklevelofproductioncanbesustainedonlyforafewdays.TheRCDOHrequiresthatallsupplysourcesbecapableofmeetingthe maximumdaydemandfortwothree-dayperiods.Therefore,UWNYusesthecombinationoftwothree-daypeaksasthepeakperiodforwatersupplyplanningpurposes.AsdefinedintheDecember14,2006RateOrderandtheJuly20,2010 4RecommendedStandardsforWaterWorks

,PoliciesfortheReviewandApprovalofPlansandSpecificationsforPublicWaterSupplies,2007Edition,Part3.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-3W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxRateOrderissuedbythePSC,apeakincreaseisdefinedassustainableforthreedays,twicepersummerseason.

5LikeallpublicwatersupplysystemsinNewYorkState,UWNYswatersystemissubjecttoNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC) regulationviaspecificwatersupplypermitsforeachwatersourcethatsettheamountofwaterthatcanbewithdrawnfromeachwatersource.ItisalsosubjecttoNYSDOHregulationsviapermitsthatsettheconditionsforwatertreatmentforeachsource.Thepermitconditionsareintendedtoreflectthesafeyieldofthewatersourceandthe capacityofthewatertreatmentfacilitiesateachsource.Thecomponentsoftheexistingwatersupplysystem,includingtheirsafeyield,permitconditions,and factorsthataffecttheirreliability,aredescribedbelow.2.1.1.1LakeDeForestLakeDeForestisa985-acre,5.6-billion-gallonreservoirintheTownofClarkstown,NewYork,thatsuppliesapproximately32percentoftheaveragedailywaterthatUWNYprovidestoRocklandCountyonanannualbasis.LakeDeForestissuppliedbytheHackensackRiver,locatedinthe26-square-mileHackensackRiverwatershedinRocklandCounty.Thereservoir,itsdam,andtheLakeDeForestWaterTreatmentPlantwereconstructedbytheSpringValleyWaterCompany(thepredecessortoUWNY)andbeganoperationin1956.WaterwithdrawnfromLakeDeForestistreatedattheLakeDeForestWaterTreatmentPlantatthesouthernendofthereservoirbeforebeingpumpedintothewaterdistributionsystem.Thetreatmentplantusesstandardwatertreatmenttechnologies,includingflocculation,dissolvedairflotation(clarification),filtration, andchlorination,toproducecleandrinkingwaterincompliancewithdrinkingwaterstandards.Asdiscussedinmoredetailbelow,downstreamofLakeDeForest,theHackensackRiveralsoprovidesdrinkingwatertotheVillageofNyackinRocklandCountyandanumberofcommunitiesinBergenandHudsonCountiesinNewJersey.InformationonhowUWNYmanagesLakeDeForestisprovidedlaterinthissection.SafeYieldofLakeDeForestThesafeyieldofLakeDeForesti.e.,theamountofwaterthatcanbecontinuouslywithdrawnfromthereservoirduringaperiodofdroughtequivalenttotheworstdroughtofrecordhasbeendeterminedtobe19.75milliongallonsperday(mgd).However,asdiscussedbelow,thewatersupplypermitforLakeDeForestrequiresreleaseofsomeofthatyieldfordownstreamusersandtomaintaindownstreamriparianrights.Aftersatisfyingthosepermitrequirements,thesafeyieldofLakeDeForestforRocklandCountyis10mgd.

52006RateOrder(Exhibit11oftheJointProposal)and2010RateOrder(Appendix7totheJoint Proposal).

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-4W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxPermitConditionsforLakeDeForestWithdrawalofwaterfromLakeDeForestisgovernedbyNYSDECwatersupplypermitWSA2189andthevolumeofwaterthatcanbeproducedatthewatertreatmentplantisgovernedbytheapprovalforitsoperationfromNYSDOH.WSA2189wasissuedin1952andwassubsequentlymodified;thepermitnowineffectistheSixthModifyingDecision,issuedbyNYSDECin1982.Thepermitconditionsareintendedtomaintaintheecologicalhealthoftheriverandtheriparian rightsofdownstreamcommunities.Asdiscussedbelow,thepermitobligatesUWNYtomaintainadailyaverageflowof9.75mgdorgreaterintheHackensackRiver immediatelyabovetheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.DailyrecordsdemonstratingcompliancewiththisflowconditionareprovidedtoNYSDEC.AccordingtoWSA2189,atleast10mgdofthewaterinLakeDeForestisforeverreservedfortheneedsoftheinhabitantsofRocklandCounty.Inadditiontothat10mgd,WSA2189establishestheamountofwaterthatmustbemaintainedintheHackensackRiverdownstreamoftheLakeDeForestDam,whichdependsonthewatersupplyinthereservoirandtheconditionsinthethreedownstreamreservoirsLakeTappan,WoodcliffLake,andOradellReservoir.WSA2189establishesareservoiroperatingcurve,orRuleCurve,whichisameasuretobeusedtodeterminetheamountofwaterthatmaybereleasedfordownstreamcommunities.

Accordingtothepermit,theRuleCurvewasestablishedtoensurethatRocklandCountyswatersupplyneedsandthoseofdownstreamusersaremetunderbothnormalanddroughtconditions.UsingtheRuleCurve,WSA2189specifiestheamountofwaterthatmustbereleasedfromLakeDeForestandtheadditionalamountthatmaybereleased,whichvariesthroughouttheyeardependingontheamountofwaterpresentinLakeDeForestand ontheamountofwaterpresentinthethreedownstreamreservoirs.Thepermitconditionsestablishaminimumreleasefordownstreamusersof9.75mgdandprovideforincreasedreleaseswhenLakeDeForesthasadequatewater(and thereforeitisabovetheRuleCurve)andthedownstreamreservoirsarelessthanhalffull.Consistentwiththesepermitconditions,andinconsultationwiththevariousstakeholders,UWNYroutinelyreleaseswaterfromtheLakeDeForestDamtotheHackensackRiver.Asnotedabove,WSA2189requiresthatatleast10mgdofthewaterinLakeDeForestisforeverreservedfortheneedsoftheinhabitantsofRocklandCounty.Topreservethesafeyieldinthereservoir(whichis10mgdforRocklandCounty)incaseofdroughtconditions,UWNYoperatesLakeDeForesttoprovideanannualaverageof10mgdforRocklandCountycustomersfromLakeDeForest.Ahigherflowcanbewithdrawnfromthereservoirduringpeaksummermonths,butflowmustbereducedatothertimesoftheyeartomaintainatotalaveragethatmeetstheannualaveragerequirement.Forexample,in2005,whensummerdemandrequiredLake Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-5W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxDeForestproductionlevelsofapproximately20mgd,theflowwasreducedto7mgdinOctoberandNovemberand5mgdinDecembertolimittheannualaverage productionto10mgd.TheLakeDeForestWaterTreatmentPlantisoperatedsubjecttoanapprovalfromNYSDOH,issuedin2003(LogNo.16321,CWSNY4303673),whichlimitsdailyintakeofrawwatertothetreatmentplantto20.8mgd,withamaximumdailyproductionofupto20mgd,andtherunningannualaverageintakeofrawwaterto10mgd.ReliabilityofLakeDeForestLakeDeForestcanreliablyprovidethe10mgdofwatertoRocklandCountythatissetbyitspermitlimits.Inaddition,LakeDeForestcanbeusedonashort-termbasis(peak)at20mgd,aslongasitsaverageyieldonanannualbasisremainsat10mgd.

However,likeanyreservoirsupply,thesupplyinLakeDeForestisentirelydependentonrainfallamountsinitsrelativelysmallwatershed,locatedentirelywithinRocklandCounty.2.1.1.2LetchworthReservoirsThethreeLetchworthReservoirs,locatedinHarrimanStateParkintheMinisceongoCreekwatershed,haveatotalcapacityof173milliongallons.TheLetchworthreservoirsystemwasoriginallydevelopedasthewatersupplyfortheformerstatepsychiatricinstitutionatLetchworthVillage(intheTownsofStonyPointand Haverstraw).In2006,UWNYenteredintoalong-termleasewiththePalisadesInterstateParkCommissionforuseoftheLetchworthReservoirs,madeimprovementstothewatertreatmentplantandpipingconnections,andbeganoperatingtheLetchworthWaterTreatmentPlantasanadditionalsourcefortheUWNYdistributionsystem.WaterfromthereservoirsistreatedattheLetchworthWaterTreatmentPlantforuseinthewaterdistributionsystem.Thetreatmentplantusesstandardwatertreatmenttechnologies,includingflocculation,clarification,filtration,andchlorination,toproducecleandrinkingwaterincompliancewithdrinkingwaterstandards.Useofthereservoirsissubjecttotheconditionsofthelong-termlease,whichprotecttherecreationuseoftheseresourceslocatedinthePalisadesInterstateParksystem.UWNYtypicallyusestheLetchworthsystemasapeakingsource,toprovidewaterduringthepeakdemandseason(i.e.,MaythroughSeptember).Overthepast10years,theLetchworthReservoirshaveprovidedlessthan1percentofUWNYsaveragedailywatersupplyforRocklandCounty.InthethreefullyearsthattheLetchworthReservoirshavebeenoperatedbyUWNY(2007-2009),thesereservoirsprovidedanaverageof1.5percentofUWNYsaveragedailywatersupplyforRocklandCounty.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-6W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxSafeYieldofLetchworthReserviorsThesafeyieldoftheLetchworthReservoirsis1.0mgd.PermitConditionsforLetchworthReservoirsTheNYSDECwatersupplypermitfortheLetchworthReservoirs,WSA9947,allowswithdrawalof1mgdonanannualaveragebasisandamaximumof45milliongallonsinamonth.Thepermitalsosetsconditionsregardingreleasesofwaterbetweenthethreereservoirs,topreservewaterinthereservoirsystemwithout allowinganyofthereservoirstobecometoodepleted.Allwateriswithdrawnfromthefirstreservoir.Thepermitsetsthefollowingconditions:A.Whenwatersupplywithdrawalfromthefirstreservoirisgreaterthan0.8mgd,thefollowingconditionsapply:1.Watermustbereleasedfromthesecondreservoirinanamountequaltotheamountwithdrawnfromthefirstreservoirabove0.8mgd.2.Ifthefirstreservoirreaches30percentofitscapacity,watermustbereleasedfromthesecondreservoiratarateequaltothefirstreservoirwithdrawal.3.Ifthesecondreservoirreaches30percentofitscapacity,watermustbereleasedfromthethirdreservoirinanamountequaltothefirstreservoirwithdrawal.B.Ifstorageineachreservoirreaches30percent,releasefromthethirdreservoirshallceaseandthefirstreservoirwithdrawalshallnotexceed0.5mgd.C.Ifstorageinthesecondandfirstreservoirsreach10percent,allwatersupplywithdrawalsfromthefirstreservoirshallcease.Inaddition,ifthecapacityofthethirdreservoirhasreached30percentintwo consecutiveoperatingyears,UWNYmustundertakeanassessmentofthefisheries resourcesincludinghabitatandaquaticvegetationineachreservoirduringthenextoperatingyear.WSA9947doesnotrequirethatareleasebemadetothestreamimmediatelybelowthemostdownstreamdam,HorseChockBrook.TheNYSDOHapprovalfortheLetchworthWaterTreatmentPlant(LogNo.17981,NY4303673)allowsitsoperationatanannualaverageof1.0mgd,withmonthlyproductionnotexceeding45milliongallonspermonth.TheNYSDOHapproval allowsaseasonalpeakproductionof3.0mgd.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-7W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxReliabilityofLetchworthReservoirsLikeLakeDeForest,theLetchworthReservoirsandwatertreatmentplantcanreliablyprovidetheamountofwatersetbytheirpermitlimits.However,likeanyreservoirsupply,thesupplyintheLetchworthReservoirsisentirelydependentonrainfall amountsinitsrelativelysmallwatershed,locatedentirelywithinRocklandCounty.2.1.1.3RamapoValleyWellFieldTheRamapoValleyWellFieldconsistsof10shallowwellsthatdrawgroundwater fromtheRamapoAquiferontheeasternbankoftheRamapoRiver,immediatelyupstreamoftheNewJerseyborderintheVillageofHillburnandTownofRamapoinRocklandCounty.ThewellfieldwasdevelopedandimplementedbytheSpringValleyWaterCompanythroughthe1970s,withthelastwellcomingonlinein1981.

Waterfromthe10wellsintheRamapoValleyWellFieldispumpedintoacommontransmissionmaintoonecentralpumpstation,wherethewateristreatedtoremove volatileorganiccompoundsandchlorinated.TheRamapoValleyWellFieldcomponentofUWNYssystemalsoincludesarelatedsurfacewatersource,Potake Pond,whichisusedtoaugmentflowintheRamapoRivertosupportoperationofthewellfield.TheRamapoValleyWellFieldprovidesapproximately24percentoftheaveragedailywatersupplyintheUWNYsysteminRocklandCountyonanannualbasis,butlessduringthesummerpeakwhenthissourcecanbeadverselyaffectedbylowprecipitation,whichcanaffectthegroundwaterandflowintheRamapoRiver.TheRamapoAquiferishydraulicallyconnectedtosurfacewaterflowsintheadjacentRamapoRiver(i.e.,waterflowsbackandforthbetweenthetwodependingontherelativewaterlevelsofeach);thewellfieldswaterisdrawnbyinfiltrationfromthe riverthroughpermeablesandandgraveltothewells.MostoftheRamapoRiversdrainageareaisupstreaminOrangeCounty.UWNYuseswaterstoredinPotakePond,areservoirthatstraddlestheNewYork-NewJerseyborder,tosupplementtheflowofwaterintheRamapoRiversothatthewellfieldcanremainoperationalwhenflowsintheriverwouldotherwisebetoolow.WateriswithdrawnfromPotakePondthroughanintakestructureandcarriedbypipetoabrookthatfeedstheRamapoRiver.SafeYieldofRamapoValleyWellFieldUWNYhasbeenabletoreliablyextractanannualaverageofabout7mgdfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldwhenitcanbeoperated.However,asdescribedinthediscussionofpermitconditionsbelow,duringperiodsoflowflowintheRamapo River,thewellfieldisnotasproductiveand/orcannotbeoperatedbecauseoflimitationssetbyitswatersupplypermitfromNYSDEC,whichrequiresaminimumpassingflowintheriverimmediatelydownstreamofthewellfield.DuringpeaksummerconditionswhenRamapoRiverflowsarelow,thesustainablewithdrawal ratefromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldisabout4mgdonaverage.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-8W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxThissustainablerateispossiblebecauseoftheaugmentationofriverflowbyreleasesfromPotakePond.Priorto2003,UWNYhadaleaseagreementtotakewaterfrom PotakePondandanothernearbywaterbody,CranberryPond,toaugmentflowintheRamapoRiver.In2003,UWNYpurchasedPotakePond,constructedapipelinefrom thepondtoNakomaBrook(atributaryoftheRamapoRiver),andconsolidatedthewatersupplypermittowithdraw190milliongallonsfrombothwaterbodiesthrough PotakePond,whichhasatotalvolumeofapproximately700milliongallons.PermitConditionsforRamapoValleyWellField WithdrawalofwaterfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldisgovernedbyNYSDECwatersupplypermitWSA6507,whichwasissuedin1976;aModifyingDecisionforthispermitwasissuedin1982.ThepermitwasdevelopedinaccordancewithtermsofstipulationswiththeVillageofHillburnandwiththeNewJerseyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.Thepermitconditionsareintendedtomaintainthe ecologicalhealthoftheRamapoRiverandtheriparianrightsofdownstreamcommunities,includingtheVillageofSuffernandcommunitiesinNewJerseythatalsousetheRamapoRiverfordrinkingwaterorotherpurposes.WSA6507permitsatotalof14mgdtobewithdrawnfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldonanygivenday,butthetotalamountofwaterpumpedinanygivenmonthmaynotexceedanaverageof10mgdforthatmonth.

6WhenflowintheRamapoRiverattheSufferngaugeislowerthan10mgdbutgreaterthan8mgd,maximumwithdrawalof8to10mgdispermitted.ThatconditionispermittedaslongasflowintheRamapoRiverataU.S.GeologicalService(USGS)gaugedownstreamofthewellfield,inSuffern,isgreaterthan10mgd.Whenflowintheriverislessthan10mgdattheSufferngauge,permittedwithdrawalsarelower:WhenflowintheRamapoRiverattheSufferngaugeisatorbelow8mgd,nowithdrawalispermitted.

7The1982ModifyingDecisiontoWSA6507addedanewconditionrequiringadetailedfeasibilitystudyofalternativecorrectivemeasuresneededtoensurethattheRamapoValleyWellFieldcanbeusedmostofthetime,toincreasethereliabilityof thewellfield.Theconditionrequiredthatspecialemphasisbeplacedonthealternativeoflowflowaugmentationfromupstreamlakesorreservoirs.TheuseofPotakePondwasdevelopedinresponsetothe1982ModifyingDecision.UseofPotakePondwasallowedbyNYSDECpermitNo.3-3926-00207/0003-0,issued 6ConditionDofWSA6507states:Thetotalvolumeofwaterpumpedfromanycombinationofthe10RamapoValleywellsshallnotexceed14mgdonanygivendayandthetotalamountofwaterpumpedinanycalendarmonthshallnotexceedthefigureobtainedbymultiplyingthenumberofdaysinthatmonthbyanaveragepumpingrateof10mgd.

7WhentheRamapoValleyWellFieldisnotoperating,thepermitdoesnotrequireUWNYtomaintainaminimumflowintheRamapoRiver.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-9W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxin1993andlatermodifiedbyWSA8620,issuedin2002.WSA8620permitsreleaseofwaterfromPotakePondforaugmentationoftheRamapoRiveratarateof10mgdor lessperday,withmaximumdrawdownnottoexceedusageoftheupper7feetofthepond(190milliongallons).Thesereleasesshalloccuronlywhennecessaryand effectiveinenablinguseoftheRamapoValleyWellFieldbyraisingtheflowoftheRamapoRivertoatleast8mgdwhenmeasuredattheSufferngauge.Thispermit doesnotrequireaminimumreleasetoawaterbodydownstreamofPotakeandCranberryPonds.ReliabilityofRamapoValleyWellFieldBecauseofthewellfieldsconnectiontotheRamapoRiveranditspermitrestrictionstoprotectflowsintheriver,pumpingfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldcanbeunavailablewhenprecipitationislow.Thistypicallyoccursduringlatesummerandfall,butitcouldalsooccurduringotherseasonsintheeventofadrought.As discussedlaterinthischapter,thesummerseasonistheperiodwhenwaterdemandinRocklandCountyisthegreatest,sothislimitationtooneofthekeycomponentsofthewatersupplysystemadverselyaffectsthesystemsreliabilitywhenitismost needed.2.1.1.4SystemWellsInadditiontotheRamapoValleyWellField,UWNYalsooperates50otherwells throughoutRocklandCountythattogetherprovideapproximately44percentofUWNYswatersupply.Thesesystemwellsincludedeepbedrockwells,primarilylocatedinthesouthernhalfofRocklandCounty(intheTownsofRamapo,Clarkstown,andOrangetown),andshallowwellsinglacialsandandgravel(overburden)locatedneartheMahwahRiver,MinisceongoCreek,andSparkillCreek.Waterfromthesystemwellsispumpedtothesurface,andcollectedatwaterstoragetanksthroughoutRocklandCounty.Waterfromthewellsistreatedwithsodiumhypochlorite(i.e.,chlorine)and/orothercommonlyusedwatertreatmentchemicals.Someofthewellsincludeairstripperstotreatgroundwatercontaminationresultingfromgasoline,drycleaningsolvents,andothervolatileorganiccompounds.

Wellsaresusceptibletocontaminationfromsurroundingdevelopment,andasmallnumberofwells(inadditiontothe50activewells)arenotinusebecausetheiryieldis lowandtheirwaterhasbecomecontaminated.SafeYieldofSystemWellsAsnotedabove,theconceptofsafeyieldisdifficulttoapplytogroundwaterresources.Thetotalcapacityofthewellsisdeterminedbythecapacityoftheirpumpsandbythegroundwaterconditionsatthewell.SomeofUWNYssystemwellsare closelyspacedandcannotbeoperatedsimultaneouslywithoutadverselyaffectingproductionoftheotherwells.Allthewellscanoperatesimultaneouslytomeetpeakdemands,butthiscannotbecontinuedonasustainedbasis.Moreover,operatingthe Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-10W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxwellsattheirpeakcapacityformorethanafewdayswouldadverselyaffectgroundwaterlevelsintheaquifer.Intotal,UWNYssystemwellsservingRocklandCountyhavearecognizedpeakcapacityofabout24.3mgdandanaveragecapacityof15.13mgdonalongerterm (annual)basis.Asnotedabove,theTen-StateStandardsguidancesuggeststhatthesafeyieldofasystemofwellscanbeconsideredasthedesignmaximumdaydemandwiththelargestproducingwelloutofservice.However,incalculatingitsavailablegroundwatersupply,UWNYdoesnotincludeconsiderationofcapacitywiththelargestproducingwelloutofserviceasrecommendedbytheTen-StateStandards

.TakingthisfactorintoaccountwouldreducetheaverageandpeakcapacityofUWNYssystemwellsbyapproximately1.5mgd.PermitConditionsforSystemWellsWithdrawalratesatsystemwellsaregovernedbyNYSDECpermits,basedontheresultsofaquifertestingateachwell.Inaddition,theNYSDOH,incoordinationwithRCDOH,issuesapprovalsforpublicwatersupplywellsrelatedtotheirconstruction,operation,anddecommissioning.Theseapprovalscoverthelocation,drillingmethodanddesignofthewell,constructionandoperationofthewellpumps,andwellyield.ReliabilityofSystemWellsGroundwaterlevelsinRocklandCountyaretypicallylowerinthesummerthanatothertimesoftheyearbecauseofacombinationofreducedprecipitationresultinginareductioninrechargeoftheaquiferandhigherdemands.Thiscanadverselyaffecttheperformanceofsystemwellsandresultintheneedtoreducepumpingratesfromthewells.Inaddition,asnotedearlier,acontinuingchallengeforUWNYssystemwellsisprotectingthemfromcontaminationthatmayresultfromsurroundingdevelopment.2.1.1.5SummaryofRequiredReleasesAsdiscussedabove,useofeachofUWNYswatersourcesisgovernedbywatersupplypermitsissuedbyNYSDEC.Thosepermitssettheamountofwaterthatcanbewithdrawnforuseasdrinkingwater,and,formanysources,theyalsodictatetheamountofwaterthatmustbereleaseddownstreamtosupportstreamflowssoasto maintainecologicalconditions,riparianrights,andtheotherrightsofdownstreamwaterusers.TheseconditionsaresummarizedinTable2-1.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-11W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxTable2-1PermitRequirementsforExistingWaterSupplySystemSources WaterSourceIdentificationWSA#PermittedWithdrawalPermitConditions:ObligationstoSupportStreamFlowsWaterBodyReleaseRequirementsLakeDeForest5.6billiongallonreservoirWSA218910mgdaverage20mgdpeakHackensackRiverPermitestablishesRuleCurvetodetermineamountofwater thatmustandmaybereleaseddownstreamtomaintainriparianrightsanddownstreamreservoirs.PermitrequiresUWNYtomaintainadailyaverageflowof9.75mgdorgreaterinthestreamimmediatelyabovetheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.LetchworthReservoirsThreereservoirswithtotalcapacityof173milliongallonsWSA99471mgdaverage3mgdpeakHorseChock BrookPermitregulateswaterreleasesbetweenthethreeLetchworthReservoirsto ensurenonebecomestoodepleted.Permitdoesnotrequirespecificreleasetothestreamdownstreamofthirdreservoir.RamapoValleyWellField(RVWF)10shallowwellsthatdrawgroundwaterfromtheRamapoAquiferneartheRamapoRiverWSA6507DependsonflowinRamapoRiverRamapoRiverPermittedwithdrawaldependsontheamountofflowintheRamapoRiverdownstreamofthewellfield.Whentheflowisgreaterthan10mgd,maximumwithdrawalispermitted.Whentheflowisbetween8and10mgd,lesswithdrawalispermittedandwhentheflowisatorbelow8mgd,nowithdrawalispermitted.PotakeandCranberryPondsusedtoaugmentRamapoRivertosupportRVWFWSA862010mgdPermitdoesnotrequirea specificreleasetothestreamdownstreamofPotakeandCranberryPonds.SystemWells50wellsthroughoutRocklandCountyMultiple15.9mgdaverage24.44mgdpeak NYSDECpermitsgovernwithdrawalratesatsystemwellsbasedonresultsofaquifertestingateachwell.2.1.2WaterDistributionSystem2.1.2.1RocklandCountySystemUWNYswaterdistributionsysteminRocklandCountyconsistsofmorethan1,000milesofwatermains,14storagetanks,and14boosterpumpstations.WaterentersthewaterdistributionsystemfromthewatertreatmentplantsandpumpstationsdescribedaboveandistransmittedthroughwatermainsfordistributioninRockland County.Thewaterdistributionsystemisdividedinto15pressuredistricts,whichareareasofsimilargroundelevationwithinwhichonecommonhydraulicgradient (waterpressure)ismaintained.Pumpstationsareusedtotransmitthewaterthroughthemainsattheappropriatepressureforeachpressuredistrict.Pressure-reducing Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-12W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxvalvesreducethepressuresowatercanflowfromdistrictswithhigherpressuretodistrictswithlowerpressure.Pumpstationsareusedtopumpwaterintheopposite direction(i.e.,fromlowerpressuresystemstohigherpressuresystems).Watercanbetransmittedbetweenpressuredistrictsthroughtheuseofappropriatelysizedpipes andpumpingstationsthatbringthewatertothecorrectpressurefortherespectivedistrict.However,thedesignofthetransmissionsystemlimitstheamountofwater thatcanbedistributedtopressuredistrictsbeyondwherethesupplyisgenerated.Figures2-2,2-3,and2-4showtherelationshipofthepressuredistricts,hydraulicgradeline,andwatersourcesinUWNYssystem.UWNYhasaSupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition(SCADA)systemusedtocollectandcoordinateinformationfromallelementsofthewatersupplysystem.Amongotherthings,theSCADAsystemmonitorstheproduction,demands,pressures,andamountofwaterineachstoragetankthroughoutthesystem.SupervisorypersonnelmonitortheSCADAsystem24hoursperday.2.1.2.2ConnectionstoOtherSystemsUWNYswatersupplysysteminRocklandCountyislargelyself-contained,withonlylimitedconnectionsoutsidethecountyboundaries.However,asmallnumberof connectionsexistfromtheRocklandCountysystemtoothersystemsnotmanagedbyUWNY.Asdiscussedbelow,thesewatermainconnectionsarepredominantly availableforemergenciesandarenotregularlyused.TheinterconnectionsareshowninFigure2-1aboveandincludethefollowing:VillageofNyack:FiveemergencyinterconnectionsbetweentheVillageofNyackswatersystemandtheUWNYsystem.VillageofSuffern:ThreeemergencyinterconnectionsbetweentheVillageofSuffernswatersystemandtheUWNYsystem.NewJersey:AlongtheRocklandCounty-NewJerseyborder,therearefivelocationswithemergencyinterconnectionsbetweentheUWNYandUnitedWaterNewJerseysystems.Inaddition,theVillageofHillburninRocklandCountypurchasesitswateronawholesalebasisfromUWNY,pursuanttothetermsofWSA6507(thepermitfortheRamapoValleyWellField)anagreementbetweenUWNYandtheVillageofHillburn,datedJuly30,1975asamended.Thiswaterisprovidedonadailybasisviaawatermainconnection.UWNYsupplieswateronadailybasistoasmallnumberofcustomersinMontvale,NewJerseyviatwowatermainconnectionsacrosstheNewYork-New Jerseyborder.Onaverage,atotalofapproximately110,000gallonsperday(gpd)is providedtothesecustomersinMontvale.UWNYiscurrentlyseekingpermitsfora

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Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-13W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxnewMontvalepumpstationthatwillallowUnitedWaterNewJerseytoprovidewatertothisNewJerseycommunity.AgreementsbetweenUWNYandtheadjacentwatersupplycompaniesgovernwhentheemergencyconnectionsareused.Inaddition,anintercompanyagreement betweenUWNYandUnitedWaterNewJersey(originallyexecutedbytheSpringValleyWaterCompanyandtheHackensackWaterCompany)setsforththeallocationofcostsassociatedwithmaintainingtheLakeDeForestDam.2.1.3WaterSystemManagementandAvailableWaterSupplyUWNYmeetsthedemandforwaterwithamixofwaterfromthesourcesdiscussed above.8Table2-2UWNYRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystemCapacity(mgd)(asofJune30,2011)Theamountofwaterprovidedfromeachsourcedependsontheavailabilityofwaterfromthatsourceanditspermitconditions,whichprotectthewatersource, qualityofthewaterproduced,aquaticlifeandecology,andtheriparianrightsofdownstreamwaterusers.ThemixofwatersourcesavailabletoUWNYallowsittoprovidewatertomeettheannualaveragedemandandtomeetshort-termdemands,whichduringpeakperiodscanbe50to60percenthigherthantheaverageannual demand.ThecurrentproductioncapacityofUWNYsRocklandCountywatersupplysystemforaveragedayandpeakdayconditionsissummarizedinTable2-2.Asnotedearlier,theaveragedaysupplyisequivalenttothesafeyield,orthesupplythatcanbereliablyprovidedoveranextendedperiodoftimeduringdroughtconditions equivalenttothoseinthedroughtofrecord.WaterSourceAverageDaySupply(SafeYield)PeakDaySupplyLakeDeForest/WaterTreatmentPlant 10.00 20.00LetchworthReservoirs/WaterTreatmentPlant 1.00 3.00RamapoValleyWellField7.00 4.00SystemWells 15.9 24.44Total 33.9 51.44Throughouttheyear,theamountofwaterthatcanbeprovidedfromeachsourcevariesdependingontheamountofprecipitationandtheotherfactorsthataffect compliancewithpermitconditions.Asdescribedintheprevioussection,thepermitforLakeDeForestallowsanannualaveragewithdrawalof10mgd,andUWNYsapproachtomeetwaterdemandsistowithdraw10mgdasanannualaveragefromLakeDeForestwiththeremainderofthewaterbeingsuppliedbytheothersources.Inotherwords,UWNYmaximizestheuseofLakeDeForesttotheextentallowedbyits 8InformationonUnitedWatersmanagementofLakeDeForestwhentheProposedProjectisoperatingisprovidedinsection2.4.4ofChapter2,ProjectDescription.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-14W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxpermitandtheamountofitssafeyieldthatisreservedforRocklandCounty(10mgd).Duringsummermonths,whendemandistypicallyhigher,UWNYdrawslargervolumesfromLakeDeForest.Thiscompensatesforthelowervolumesthatcan typicallybewithdrawnfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldduringthattime,whenvolumesintheRamapoRivertendtobelower.However,thisuseofmorethan10mgdonamonthlyaverageoverthesummerfromLakeDeForestmeansthatUWNYmustreducetheflowdrawnfromthereservoiratothertimesoftheyeartomaintain theannualaverageof10mgdrequiredtoprotectLakeDeForestssafeyield.AreviewofmonthlywaterproductionrecordsfromeachofthewatersourcesservingUWNYsRocklandCountyserviceareaoverthepast11years(2000-2010,butexcludingthedroughtyearof2002) 9Table2-3AverageMonthlyWaterProduction,2000-2010,ExcludingDroughtYear(2002)illustratestheadjustmentsmadeoverthecourseoftheyeartoprovideenoughwatertomeetthedemandwhilecomplyingwith permitconditions.ThisinformationispresentedinTable2-3andFigure2-5;moredetailedinformationisprovidedinAppendixA.

MonthLakeDeForestRamapoValleyWellFieldSystemWellsLetchworthReservoirsTotal mgd%ofTotalmgd%ofTotalmgd%ofTotalmgd%ofTotalmgd%ofTotalJanuary7.828.47.728.112.043.50.00.027.6100.0 February8.129.17.627.512.043.50.00.027.7100.0March8.129.27.828.211.842.60.00.027.7100.0 April8.530.18.128.711.641.10.00.028.1100.0 May9.531.17.925.713.142.80.10.430.6100.0June11.434.37.622.713.941.80.41.233.3100.0July12.436.06.619.115.043.50.51.434.5100.0August11.935.46.318.715.044.40.51.533.8100.0September10.934.96.320.213.743.80.41.131.3100.0October8.931.76.422.912.644.90.20.628.0100.0November7.728.97.427.611.643.10.10.426.8100.0December7.527.97.527.711.944.20.00.127.0100.0AnnualAverage9.431.77.324.512.943.30.20.629.7100.0Note:UWNYbeganoperationofLetchworthReservoirsinAugust2006.AsshowninTable2-3,overthepast11years(excluding2002)LakeDeForestwasusedtoprovideapproximately32percentofthewatersuppliedeachyear,withthe 9Duringthedroughtyearof2002,mandatorywaterrestrictionswereimposedbytheRCDOH,whichresultedinlowerthannormalwaterconsumption.Thisyearthereforedoesnotreflecttypicalwater consumptioninRocklandCounty.

8.5.11 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 o

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Lake DeForest Figure 2-5 Monthly Average Day Supply, 2000 -2010 Excluding Drought Year (2002)

Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-15W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxRamapoValleyWellFieldproviding25percentandthesystemwells43percent.TheLetchworthReservoirs,whichhavebeenoperatedforfourfullyears(2007-2010) providedlessthan1percent.(InthefourfullyearsthattheLetchworthReservoirshavebeenoperatedbyUWNY,thesereservoirsprovidedanaverageof1.4percentof UWNYsaveragedailywatersupplyforRocklandCounty.)Duringthesummermonths(June,July,August,andSeptember),whentheRamapoValleyWellField oftenbecomesunavailableandthedemandforwaterpeaks,LakeDeForestwasusedtosupply35percentofthewaterproduced(withamonthlyaverageof11.7mgd),whiletheRamapoValleyWellFieldwasusedfor20percent(monthlyaverageof6.7mgd)andthesystemwellsmostoftheremainder(14.4mgd,43percent).Letchworth Reservoirssupplied0.4mgd,or1.3percent,ofthatsummerdemandwhenaveragedoverthat10-yearperiod.(However,whenaveragedoverthefouryearswhenUWNY operatedtheLetchworthReservoirwatertreatmentplant,theaveragesummersupplyprovidedbythatsourcewas0.9mgd,or2.8percentofthetotalsupply.)Duringwintermonths,useofLakeDeForestwaslower,sothatthe10mgdannualaveragerequiredbyitsNYSDOHwatersupplypermitcouldbemaintained.During thesummerandearlyfall,demandforwaterissubstantiallyhigherthanduringtherestoftheyear.Duringthispeaktime,UWNYcanmeetthehigherdemandbyprovidingadditionalwaterfromitswatersources,aslongasthisadditionaldrawisnotsustainedforlongperiodsoftime.SomeofthefactorsthatcontributetoUWNYsabilitytomeetexistingpeakdemandsinclude:UseoftheLetchworthReservoirsduringthesummermonthstoprovidewaterduringperiodsofhighdemands.UseofPotakePondtoaugmentRamapoRiverflowsothattheRamapoValleyWellFieldcanremaininusewhenflowsintheriverwouldotherwisebetoolow.Provisionofupto20mgdfromLakeDeForestforshortperiodsoftime.Useofsystemwellsathigherratesforshortperiodsoftime.Inaddition,asdiscussedlaterinSection3,UWNYiscontinuingtoimproveitssystemtoenhanceitsabilitytomeetpeakdemands.

3-1W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxSection3PurposeandNeed3.1ExistingandFutureWaterDemandUnitedWaterNewYorks(UWNY)RocklandCountysupplysystemcurrentlyprovideswaterforapredominantlyresidentialcustomerbase.Today,theavailablesupplyisadequatetomeetthedemandforwaterovermostoftheyear,includingduringthesummerandearlyfallpeakseason,whendemandismuchhigher.Inthefuture,waterdemandisprojectedtogrowaspopulationintheserviceareagrows, andinthelong-term,anadditionalwatersupplysourcewillbeneededtomeetdemandandtocontinuetoprovidewaterforfire-fightingandotherpublicsafetyneeds.Theexistingandfuturewaterdemandcharacteristicsoftheserviceareaare describedbelow.3.1.1WaterDemandCharacteristicsThissectionofthereportdescribestheexistingwaterdemandpatternsandtrendsforUWNYsRocklandCountywatersupplysystem.Theseincludethedemandforwateronanannualaveragebasisaswellasduringthepeakperiod,considerationofthetypesofcustomerswhousethewater,theeffectsofconservationonwaterdemand,andthecontributionofnon-revenuewatertothatdemand.3.1.1.1ExistingWaterDemandPatternsandTrendsThediscussionofwaterconsumptionconsiderstheaveragedemandandthepeak demand:Averagedemand:Toevaluatethesustaineddemandonwaterresourcesoveranextendedperiodoftime,theaveragedemandisconsidered.Measuresusedincludetheannualaveragedemand,whichisthetotalamountofwaterusedinayear,dividedbythenumberofdays,sothatitisexpressedinmilliongallonsperday (mgd).Similarly,themonthlyaveragedemand(alsoinmgd)canbeconsideredtoevaluatethedemandonwaterresourcesonamonthlybasis.Peakdemand:Peakdemandisthemaximumdailydemand(i.e.theamountofwaterusedonthesingledayofhighestdemand).WaterdemandinUWNYsRocklandCountyserviceareavariesgreatlyfromyeartoyear,dependingontheweatherandparticularlyontherainfall.Consequently,anaverageofdemandinanumberofyearsistypicallyevaluatedtounderstandwater demand,butconsiderationmustalsobegiventothepeaksreachedduringthattime.Overthepast30years,therehasbeenageneraltrendtowardincreasedannualaveragedailyandpeakdailywaterdemand.ThisisaresultoftheincreaseinpopulationintheRocklandCountyservicearearatherthananincreaseinpercapitausage.TheincreaseindemandisillustratedinFigure3-1,whichshowstheannual averagedailyandpeakdailywaterdemandfrom1980through2010.Asshowninthe

Section3PurposeandNeed 3-2W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxfigure,in1980,theannualaveragewaterdemandwas25.9mgd.By2007,averagewaterusagewasatitshighestoverthe30-yearperiod,withannualaveragedaily demandat31.43mgd.Overthe10-yearperiodof1980-1989,butexcludingdroughtyearsof1981,1982,and1985whenmandatorywaterrestrictionsresultedinlowerwaterconsumption,theannualaveragewaterdemandwas26.1mgd.

1Figure3-1alsoillustratesthegreatvariabilitythatoccursfromyeartoyearintermsofpeakdemand,andthewiderangebetweenthepeakdaydemandandtheaveragedaydemandinagivenyear.Peakdemandstypicallyoccurduringthesummer/earlyfall,andaveragemonthlywaterdemandduringthefour-monthperiodofJunethroughSeptemberistypically15to30percenthigherthanaveragemonthlywaterdemandduringtherestoftheyear.Thismonthlyfluctuationoverthecourseoftheyear,andthepeakdaydemand,areshowninFigure3-2.SummerdemandtendstobehigherbecauseofthewaterusepatternsinUWNYsserviceareacustomersinRocklandCountyusemorewaterduringthesummerforindoor(e.g,additionalshowersorbathsandlongershowers)andoutdoorwateruse(e.g.,wateringlawns andgardens,carwashing,andfillingswimmingpools).AsshowninFigure3-2,theseseasonalfluctuationsvaryfromyeartoyear,dependingonthetemperatureandprecipitationduringthesummerandearlyfall.Forexample,inyearswithhot,dry summers,suchasthesummersof2005and2010,outdoorwateruseincreasesbecauseofincreasedwateringoflawnsandgardenswhenprecipitationislow.Incontrast,overtheperiodof2000-2010,theannualaveragedailywaterdemandwas29.4mgd;excludingthedroughtyearof2002,whenwateruserestrictionswerebeingenforcedbyRocklandCountyDepartmentOfHealth(RCDOH),theaveragedailywater demandwas29.7mgd.ItshouldbenotedthatOvertheperiodof2000-2010,excludingthedroughtyearof2002,annualwaterdemandbyresidentialcustomers servedbyUnitedWaterinRocklandCountyaveraged207.1gpdperhousehold,or66.0gpdperperson.Duringthesummer/earlyfallseason,waterdemandonpeakdaysismuchhigherthanthemonthlyaverageandannualaverage.AsshowninFigure3-2,duringthemostrecent10-yearperiod(again,excludingthedroughtyearof2002),themaximumdayrangedfrom35.3mgd(duringtherainysummerof2009)to47.2mgd(duringtheheatwaveinthesummerof2010).The2010peakwasthehistoricmaximumdailydemandforUWNYsRocklandCountysystem.Overall,thewaterdemandduringthepeaksummer/earlyfallseasoncanstrainthecurrentwatersupplysystembyrequiringproductionofwateratclosetoorabovethesystemssustainablecapacityforthreetofourmonthsatatime.Thischallengeisexacerbatedbythefactthatperiodsofhighwaterdemandtypicallycorrespondwithperiodsoflowprecipitation.Whenrainfallisgreatest,andwatersupplythereforeis mostabundant,thedemandisalsolowest.Conversely,indryperiods,whenthewatersupplysourcesarelessabundant,demandishigher.

1DuringyearswhenmandatorydroughtrestrictionsareenforcedbytheRCDOH,waterconsumptionislowerthannormalanddoesnotreflecttypicalwaterconsumptioninRocklandCounty.

8.5.11 60 55 50 46.5 45 40 35 30 25 20 2000 2001 2002* 2003 2004 . /+ 2005 2006 44.S 2007 45.2 2008 2009 2010 47.4

Drought year with water restrictions in effect -Monthly Average Day Demand -.-Maximum Day Demand UNITED WATER Haverstraw Water Supply Project Figure 3-2 Monthly Average and Maximum Day Water Demand, 2000-2010 Section3PurposeandNeed 3-3W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxForpurposesofwatersupplyplanning,consideringtheneedforadequatewatersupply(e.g.,firesuppression,hospitaloperations),anyprojectionsoftheneedfor watersupplymustaccountforthewiderangeindemandoverthecourseoftheyear,includingtheseasonalpeakthatoccursduringthesummerandearlyfallperiod.3.1.1.2UWNYExistingCustomerProfileAsnotedearlier,UWNYsserviceareaconsistsofallofRocklandCountyexcluding theVillagesofSuffern,Nyack,andSouthNyack.Theservicearea,likeallofRockland CountyandtherestoftheNewYorkmetropolitanarea,hasgrownsteadilythroughthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.AsshowninTable3-1,in1980RocklandCountyhadanestimated259,530residents,andanestimated80,684peopleworkedinRocklandCounty.By2010,theresidential populationhadgrownbyapproximately20percenttoanestimated311,687residents,whiletheworkerpopulation(i.e.,thoseworkinginRocklandCounty)increasedby approximately38.7percenttoanestimated111,941workers.Table3-1RocklandCountyResidentialandWorkerPopulations1980-2010YearResidentialPopulationWorkerPopulation1980259,53080,6841990265,47599,1822000286,753106,3582010311,687111,941Sources:ResidentialpopulationestimatesfromtheU.S.CensusofPopulationandHousing,decennialcensus;2010censusinformationfromRedistrictingDataSummaryFile.WorkerpopulationestimatesfromNewYorkStateDepartmentofLaborannualemploymentdatabyplaceofwork(QuarterlyCensusofEmploymentandWages).WithintheUWNYservicearea,theestimatedpopulationin2000was266,193residents,basedonthe2000Census.Thus,theresidentialpopulationofthe geographicareawhereUWNYprovidesserviceconstitutedapproximately92.8percentofthetotalpopulationofRocklandCounty.In2010,accordingtothe2010Census,atotalof291,379residents(livinginapproximately90,563households)livewithintheareawhereUWNYprovidesservice,constitutingapproximately93.5percentofthecountyspopulation.MostoftheresidentsoftheserviceareaareservedbyUWNY,butsomeresidentsandbusinessesuseprivatewellsforwatersupply.AccountingforthoseresidentswholivewithintheserviceareabutarenotcurrentlyservedbyUWNY,itisestimatedthat87.5percentoftheresidentsofRocklandCountyareservedbyUWNY.UWNYscustomerbaseinRocklandCountyconsistspredominantlyofresidentialaccounts.Approximately90percentoftheUWNYaccountsareresidentialaccounts,andconsequentlythemajorityofwaterusedintheUWNYserviceareaisusedby Section3PurposeandNeed 3-4W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxresidentialcustomers.AsshowninTable3-2,morethanhalfthewaterdemandintheUWNYserviceareaisbyresidences,ratherthanbusinesses,institutions,orindustries.

Table3-2presentsinformationontheaveragewaterconsumptionintheserviceareaoverthepast11years(2000-2010,excluding2002).Theinformationexcludes consumptionin2002,whichwasayearwhenmandatorydroughtrestrictionsimposedbyRocklandCountyaffectedwaterdemandpatterns.Asshowninthetable, approximately58percentofthewaterconsumedintheserviceareawasconsumedbyresidentialusers,andofthat,80percentwasusedbysingle-familyresidentialhouseholds.Thus,thenotablegrowthinRocklandCountysresidentialpopulationoverthepast30yearshasbeenthemajorfactorcontributingtotheincreasingwater demandsinthearea.Overall,overthepast11years(2000-2010,excludingthedroughtyearof2002)theaveragepercapitawaterdemandforresidentialcustomersservedbyUWNYwas66.0gallonsperday(gpd).Table3-2AverageWaterConsumptionbyAccountType,2000-2010(Excluding2002)TypeofWaterUseAverageWaterConsumptionAmount(mgd)%ofTotalResidentialSingleFamily 13.92 46.6Apartments,High-Rise,andResidentialMulti-Family 3 11.5Commercial 2.89 9.7Municipal 0.37 1.3School0.67 2.2Hospital 0.58 1.9IndustrialandWarehouse2.17 7.3BuildingRates 1 0.01 0.0ResaleAccount 2 0.16 0.5Non-RevenueWater 3 5.66 19.0 Total29.85100.0Notes: 1Buildingratesaretemporarymetersusedduringbuildingconstruction.

2ResaleaccountsprovidewatertotheVillageofHillburnand,forbriefperiods,otherlocations(suchastheVillageofNyack,whichreceivedwaterduringawateremergency).

3Non-revenuewaterconsistsofwaterthatisusedbutnotbilled,andincludeswaterusedduringthewatertreatmentprocess,tochlorinatenewmains,toflushfirehydrants,andforfire-fighting;waternotmeteredcorrectlyorinaccuratelybilled;andwaterlostthroughleaksinthedistributionsystem.3.1.1.3EffectsofConservationonExistingDemandUWNY,asaprivatecompany,doesnothavetheregulatoryauthoritytomandateorregulatewaterconservationbyitscustomersduringdroughtornon-droughtperiods.Asnotedearlier,duringperiodsofwatershortages,RocklandCounty,throughtheRCDOH,hasimplementedmandatorywaterrestrictionsinthepast.Suchrestrictions Section3PurposeandNeed 3-5W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxhavebeeninplacefivetimesinthepast30years,withthreeofthosetimesinthepast13years.Duringthoseyears,waterdemandwasnotablylower(forexample,seethe demandfor2002inthetablesandgraphicsprovidedearlierinthissection).Nonetheless,aswaterdemandgrewclosetothelimitsofavailablesupplyoverthepastdecades,acombinationofNewYorkStateandfederallawsmandatinguseoflow-flowfixturesandUWNYsimplementationofaconservationprogramandasummer-winterratestructureslowedtheincreaseindemandinRocklandCountyandallowedUWNYtodelaytheneedforanewlong-termwatersupplyproject.3.1.1.4ContributionofNon-RevenueWatertoExistingDemandAsshowninTable3-2,above,overthepast11years,excluding2002whenwaterrestrictionswereimplementedbytheRCDOH,approximately19percentofthewaterproducedbyUWNYforRocklandCountyonaveragehasbeennon-revenuewater.(Theaverageannualpercentofnon-revenuewatervariesasaresultofvariationsinboththevolumeofnon-revenuewaterandthetotalvolumeofwaterproducedeachyear.)Non-revenuewaterconsistsofwaterthatisproducedbutnotbilled,suchaswaterusedduringthewatertreatmentprocess,toflushfirehydrants,andforfire-fighting,aswellaswaterlostthroughleaksinthedistributionsystemandfromwatermainbreaks.Acertainamountofnon-revenuewaterisnormalforanywatersupplysystem,andcannotbeavoided.Ingeneral,non-revenuewatercanbedividedintothreebroadcategories:unbilledandauthorizedconsumption,apparentlosses,andreallosses.UWNYhasanongoingnon-revenuewaterreductioninitiativetoidentify reallossesofwaterandreducethemwherepracticableandeconomicallyfeasible.3.1.2FutureWaterDemandProjectionsAspartofitsmandatetoprovidesafeandadequatewatersupplyservicetoitsRocklandCountycustomers,UWNY,likeallwaterpurveyors,mustplantoprovide adequatesafeyieldineachofitswatersourcesandforthesystemoverall.Assetforth intheTen-StateStandardsthatareincorporatedintoNewYorkStateswatersupplyregulations,thequantityofwatershouldprovideareasonablesurplusfor anticipatedgrowth.

2Toplanforthefuture,UWNYregularlyundertakesanassessmentoffuturewaterdemands.Inrecentyears,threeeffortshavebeenundertakentoassessfuturewaterdemand:Aspartofthe2006RateCase 3 2RecommendedStandardsforWaterWorks

,PoliciesfortheReviewandApprovalofPlansandSpecificationsforPublicWaterSupplies,2007Edition,Part3,"SourceDevelopment,"section3.1.,aforecastoffuturewaterdemandswasundertakentodeterminetheleveloffutureinvestmentinwatersupplyinfrastructurerequired.

3Case06-W-0131-ProceedingonMotionoftheCommissionastotheRates,Charges,RulesandRegulationsofUnitedWaterNewYorkIncorporatedforWaterServiceandCase06-W-0244-JointPetitionofUnitedWaterNewYorkIncorporatedandUnitedWaterSouthCountyforApprovalofa Section3PurposeandNeed 3-6W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxThisforecastandtheadministrativeprocessthatfollowedattheNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission(PSC)wasthebasisforthePSCsdeterminationof futuredemandinthe2006RateCase.Awaterdemandforecastwasconductedin2010,usingpopulationprojectionspreparedbyRocklandCounty,toconfirmtheconclusionsofthe2006forecast.The 2010waterdemandforecastalsoincludedasensitivityanalysistoevaluatetheeffectsofincreasedwaterconservationand/orofgreaterreductionofnon-revenuewateronthefuturedemandforwater.In2011,theresultsofthe2010censuswereappliedtothe2010forecastinasensitivityanalysis,toidentifytheeffectsofupdatedpopulationnumbersontheconclusionsofthatforecast.TheseevaluationsaredescribedbelowandillustratedinFigures3-3through3-7

.3.1.2.1WaterDemandForecastsConductedin2006Aspartoftheadministrativeprocessthatledtothe2006JointProposal 4Theresultsofthe2006waterdemandforecastareshowninFigure3-3.Asshowninthefigure,the2006waterdemandforecastestimatesthattheaverageannualdemandusingthe95PercentConfidenceIntervalwillreach34.3mgdby2015,whiletheavailablesupplywillbeonlyslightlyhigher,at34.5mgd.Similarly,intermsofpeak demand,the2006forecastestimatesthatthepeakdemandwillbe52.7mgdin2018,approximatelythesameastheavailablepeaksupplyinthatyearwithoutanewlong-termwatersupplyproject.By2035,theaverageannualdemandisprojectedtobe39.1mgdandthepeakdemandisprojectedtobe59.2mgd.and2006RateOrder,UWNYworkedwiththeRCDOHtodevelopprojectionsoffuturewater demandthroughtheyear2025.Theprojectionoffuturewaterdemandswasbasedon aforecastthathadbeencompletedin2000,whichwasthenupdatedandadjustedtoaccountforrecentdevelopmenttrendsincoordinationwiththeRCDOH.ThePSCsmethodologytocalculatethewaterdemandgrowthprojectionsincorporatedintothe2006RateCasewasbasedonthePSCsanalysisofthetestimonyandotherfilingsonthetopicsubmittedbythepartiestothe2006RateCase.BothUnitedWaterandRocklandCountysubmittedexperttestimonyregardingwaterdemandgrowthprojections.AsstatedinRocklandCountysOctober13,2006StatementinSupportoftheJointProposal,UnitedWaterandRocklandCountyused differentmethodologiesbutreachedroughlysimilarconclusionsincalculating theirrespectivewaterdemandgrowthprojections.Thepartiestothe2006JointProposalagreedthattheincreasedwatervolumecommitmentssetoutinthe2006JointProposalreflectedtheirconsensusonwaterdemandgrowthprojections.CertificateofMergerwithUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.beingtheSurvivingCorporation,OrderAdoptingMergerandAdoptingThree-YearRatePlan(Dec.14,2006)(2006RateOrder).

4Cases06-W-0131and06-W-0244,JointProposal(Sept.29,2006)(2006JointProposal).

6.7.11 42 I -' 40 -............. ." ...........

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32 30 o .... o N -,--,-..,. .... N .... .... o 0 N N '" .... o N ;:!; o N '" .... o N <C .... o N .... .... o N , , DO .... o N 0'1 .... o N **********2006 Forecast 95 Percent Confidence Interval ---2010 Baseline Forecast -2010 NYMTC Forecast 2010 Woods & Poole Forecast UNITED WATER Haverstraw Water Supply Project o N o N .... N o N N N o N '" N o N , ;;!; o N , , , '" N o N <C N o N .... N o N DO N o N 0'1 N o N o N .... N , , a N '" '" N N N N Figure 3-3 Water Demand Forecasts:

Annual Average Day Demand 6.7.11 42 40 38 C l!l 36 ::!: 34 32 30 ...*... ....* ****** ......... ................ ........**.............* ........ .............

...... 0 .... N m .... .... .... .... 0 0 0 0 N N N N ..............

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"'" U'l <D ..... Q() .... .... .... .... .... 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N -----en 0 .... .... N N 0 0 0 N N N .............

2006 Forecast 9S Percent Confidence Interval N N 0 N ---2010 Baseline Forecast with conservation and NRW reduction

---2010 NYMTC Forecast with conservation and NRW reduction m "'" N N 0 0 N N ---2010 Woods & Poole Forecast with conservation and NRW reduction U'l <D ..... N N N 0 0 0 N N N -Q() en 0 .... N m "'" U'l N N m m m m m m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N N UNITED WATER Haverstraw Water Supply Project Figure 3-4 Water Demand Forecasts:

Combined Sensitivity Analysis Annual Average Day Demand 8.11.11 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 I -2006 Demand Forecast 32 31 30 2010 2015 2020 2025 UNITED WATER Haverstraw Water Supply Project -2010 Demand Forecast -Adjusted 2010 Forecast -2010 Census, Same Growth Rate, New GPO -Adjusted 2010 Forecast -2010 Census, Slower Growth Rate, New GPO 2030 2035 2040 Figure 3-5 Comparison of Water Demand Projections Before and After 2010 Census 7.1.11 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 2000 -2005 Peak Day Demand --Peak Day Supply -I"'Tt "'\' ::>nOrt-lerm water supply plan projects , 2010 2015

--Average Day Demand (95% Confidence Interval)

--Average Day Supply UNITED WATER Haverstraw Water Supply Project 2020 -. 2025 2030 2035 2040 Figure 3-6 Water Demand Projections vs. Available Supply Without Long-Term Water Supply Project 7.1.11 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 2000 -2005 Peak Day Demand --Peak Day Supply -r"\ ,\\' Short-term water supply Ian projects , 2010 2015

--Average Day Demand (95% Confidence Interval)

--Average Day Supply UNITED WATER Haverstraw Water Supply Project I I I -I / ---/ Long-term water supply project // /' .L I 2020 I -2025 2030 2035 2040 Figure 3-7 Water Demand Projections vs. Available Supply With Long-Term Water Supply Project Section3PurposeandNeed 3-7W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxItshouldbenotedthatwaterconservationandefficiencymeasureswereevaluatedbythePSCinapprovingtheincreasedwatervolumecommitmentsincludedinthe2006RateOrder.Duringthe2006RateCase,multiplewitnessesfromdifferentpartiestestifiedregardingUnitedWatersmultifacetedanddistinctwaterconservation measures.Whentheadministrativelawjudgepresidingoverthe2006RateCase askedinwritingonOctober6,2006(inresponsetothe2006JointProposal)ifsomeorallofthenewsourcesofwatersupplycouldnotbeavoidedinwholeorinpartthroughratedesignchangesorwaterconservationprograms,allofthepartiestothe 2006JointProposalagreedintheirconsensus-writtenresponsesubmittedonOctober20,2006thatratedesignchangesandwaterconservationeffortshavebeenvirtually exhausted,andtheincreasedwatervolumecommitmentsincorporatedintothe2006 JointProposal(and2006RateOrder)wereabovethatwhichcanbeachievedthroughfurtherratedesignorconservationmethods.SectionXXoftheofthe2006Joint Proposal,whichwasincorporatedintothe2006RateOrder,requires,amongother things,thatUnitedWatercontinueimplementationofitscustomeroutreachandeducationprograms.SectionXXofthe2006JointProposalalsoobligatesUnitedWatertoprovideannualreportstothePSConitscustomeroutreachandeducation programs.3.1.2.22010WaterDemandForecastIn2010,aseparatewaterdemandforecastwaspreparedusingadifferentmethodologythanthe2006forecast,toverifythe2006conclusionsandupdatetheresultsbyextendingtheforecastyearfurtherintothefuture.The2010waterdemand forecastwasbasedonpopulationprojectionsfortheUWNYservicearea,ratherthanonwaterdemandtrendsasthe2006forecasthadbeen.Sincethe2010censuswasnot yetavailable,thesepopulationprojectionsincludedestimatesofexistingpopulationinthecountyfrom2000to2009.Inaddition,asnotedabove,in2010the2006waterdemandforecastwasprojectedfurtherintothefuture,to2035.Estimatesofpopulation,numberofhouseholds,andemploymentforRocklandCountyfor2000-2009andforecaststhrough2035werecollectedfromavarietyofpublicandprivatesourcesincludingtheRocklandCountyDepartmentofPlanningsforecastpreparedin2010,CornellUniversitysAppliedDemographicsProgramsforecastpreparedin2008,NewYorkMetropolitanTransportationCouncil(NYMTC) forecastpreparedin2009,andaforecastpreparedin2010byWoods&PooleEconomics,anindependentconsultingfirmthatspecializesinlong-termcounty economicanddemographicforecasts.RocklandCountysforecastofpopulationforthecountythrough2035,whichwaspreparedincoordinationwithCornell UniversitysAppliedDemographicsProgram,showsagrowthofalmost57,000people(20percent)between2000and2035,foratotalpopulationof343,636by2035.The2010waterdemandforecastindicatesthattheannualaveragedemandwillreach33.6mgdin2015and34.4mgdby2018.Theseprojectionsareconsistentwiththe95 Section3PurposeandNeed 3-8W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxPercentConfidenceIntervaldemandresultsofthe2006waterdemandforecast(whichshowanannualaveragedemandof34.3mgdin2015).By2035,the2010water demandforecastpredictsanannualaveragedemandof38.6mgd,thesameasthepredictionbythe2006waterdemandforecast.Theresultsofthe2010forecastare showninFigure3-3incomparisontotheresultsofthe2006forecast(projectedto2035).ThealternativewaterdemandforecastspreparedusingtheNYMTCandWoods&Poolepopulationforecastsshowlowerandhigherfuturedemandsforwater, respectively.ThesearealsoillustratedonFigure3-3.Asshowninthegraphic,theNYMTCforecastestimatesanannualaveragedemandof38.2mgdin2035andthe Woods&Pooleforecastestimatesanannualaveragedemandof41.2mgdforthatyear.Overall,the2010waterdemandforecastconfirmsthevalidityofthe2006waterdemandforecastintermsofannualaveragedemand.Thevalidityofthepeakdayforecastpreparedin2006,whichappliedapeakingfactortotheregressionforecastforannualaveragedemand,isalsothereforeconfirmed.3.1.2.32010WaterDemandForecast:EffectsofConservationonFutureDemandUWNYsconservationmeasureshavebeeneffectiveinreducingtheoverallwaterusepatternsintheserviceareaandthepercapitawaterdemandforresidentialcustomersisrelativelylow.Asnotedabove,thispercapitademandwasestimatedinthe2010waterdemandforecasttobeanaverageof67.6gpdperpersonoverthepast10yearsandnow,basedon2010Censusdata,isestimatedtobe66.0gpd,asdiscussedbelow.Thebaselinewaterdemandforecastassumedasteadywaterconsumptionrateforresidentialcustomersintothefuture.Thisreflectstheuncertaintyrelatedtowater consumption,whichincludesseveralcompetingfactors.Toaddressthisuncertainty,inadditiontothebaselinewaterdemandforecast,the2010forecastalsoincludedasensitivityanalysistoidentifytheeffectonwater demandprojectionsifthepercentofcustomersusingwater-conservingfixturesandpracticesincreasesinthefuture.Thissensitivityanalysisassumedthatresidentialwaterusewillgraduallybemoreefficientovertime,atarateof0.1percentperyear.ThisrateaccountsfortheincreasingefficiencygainedasmorecustomersinRocklandCountyhavewater-savingfixtures,takingintoaccounttheuncertaintiesnotedabove.Theresultofthisanalysisisawaterdemandforecast(usingthesameRocklandCountypopulationforecastasthebaselinewaterdemandforecast)withatotalannualaveragedemandof37.9mgdin2035,asavingsof0.7mgdoverthebaselineforecastof38.6mgd.

Section3PurposeandNeed 3-9W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docx3.1.2.42010WaterDemandForecast:ContributionofNon-RevenueWatertoFutureDemandThebaselinewaterdemandforecastassumedthatthepercentageofwaterdemandthatisduetonon-revenuewaterremainsatthesamepercentageasin2009,whenitwas24percentofUWNYstotalwaterproduction.(Asnotedabove,thisisaresultofthevolumeofnon-revenuewateraswellasthetotalvolumeofwaterproducedin2009.)ThereallossesfromleakageintheUWNYsystemarewithintherange expectedforawell-runwaterdistributionsystem.UWNYhasanongoingnon-revenuewaterreductioninitiativetoidentifyreallossesofwater(i.e.,theelementofnon-revenuewaterthatcanbecontrolledtosomeextentbytheutility)andtoreduce themwherepracticableandeconomicallyfeasible.Thenon-revenuewaterinitiativealsoincludesanefforttocorrectbillingandmeteringerrorsthatleadtoapparentlossesinwater.Thiswillnotreducetheamountofwaterdemand,butitwillshifttheaccountingofdemandfromnon-revenuewaterintobilleddemand.Toaddresstheuncertaintiesrelatedtofuturenon-revenuewaterdemand,inadditiontothebaselinewaterdemandforecast,the2010forecastalsoincludedasensitivityanalysistoidentifytheeffectonwaterdemandprojectionsifthepercentageofnon-revenuewaterisreducedinthefuture.Thisanalysisassumedthatapparentlosses(i.e.,billingandmeteringerrors)canbereducedfrom6.5percentofwaterproduction(the2009value)to5percent,withtheassociatedvolumeofwatershiftedfromnon-revenuewatertobilledwater (residentialandnon-residential).Italsoassumedthatthetotalofreallosses(i.e.,leaks)andauthorizedusescanbereducedtoabout13percentoftotalproductionfromthe2009valueof17.2percent.Withtheseassumptionsinplace,non-revenuewaterwouldbereducedto18percentoftotalproduction.Theforecastofannual averagedemandfor2035,consideringsuchareductioninnon-revenuewater,woulddecreaseby1.3mgd,fromthebaselinevalueof38.6mgdto37.3mgd.Combiningboththeadditionalconservationassumedintheconservationsensitivityanalysisandthenon-revenuewatersavingsassumedinthisanalysiswouldfurther reducefuturedemands.Takingintoaccountboththesefactors,thewaterdemandforecastpredictsanannualaveragedemandof36.7mgdfortheyear2035,in comparisontothebaselinevalueof38.6mgd.ThiscombinedsensitivitydemandforecastisillustratedinFigure3-4.3.1.2.5UpdatedWaterDemandForecastReflecting2010CensusAsnotedabove,the2010waterdemandforecastwasbasedonpopulation informationpreparedbytheRocklandCountyDepartmentofPlanning,aswellasinformationfromseveralothersources(forecastspreparedbyCornellUniversitysAppliedDemographicsProgram,NYMTC,andWoods&PooleEconomics).Allofthesesourceswerebasedon2000censusdataandupdatedinformationavailablefromtheU.S.CensusBureaupriortoreleaseofthe2010census.Futurepopulationwasprojectedfromabaseyearof2010,usingestimatesof2010population.However, Section3PurposeandNeed3-10W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docx2010Censusdata,whichwasreleasedinearly2011,indicatethatRocklandCountyspopulationfor2010ishigherthanthepopulationpreviouslyestimatedbyRockland CountyDepartmentofPlanning,NYMTC,CornellPAD,andWoods&Poole.Theestimated2010populationforRocklandCountyusedasthebasefortheforecastswas302,600.However,the2010CensusindicatesthatRocklandCountys2010populationwasactually311,687,whichisthreepercenthigherthananticipatedbytheforecasts.ThepopulationofUWNYsserviceareagrewataslightlyhigherratethanthatofthecounty,sothattheserviceareapopulationin2010was291,379ratherthanthe262,959anticipatedbasedonpreviousforecasts;anincreaseof10.8percent.RocklandCountyhasnotpreparedrevisedforecastsbasedonthisnewinformation,andthereforethe2010waterdemandforecasthasnotbeenrevised.Theeffectsofthe2010Censusontheconclusionsofthe2010waterdemandforecastwouldbeasfollows:Lowerpercapitawaterdemand:Asnotedaboveinthediscussionofthe2010waterdemandforecast,informationontheaverageresidentialwaterdemandover theprevious10yearsandtheestimatedresidentialpopulationasoftheyear2009wereusedtocalculatetheexistingpercapitaresidentialwaterdemandforUWNYsRocklandCountywatersystem.Thatdemandwascalculatedtobe67.6gpdperperson.However,withthehigherpopulationnumbersfor2010,andincludingthewaterdemandinformationfor2010aswell,theactualpercapitaresidentialwaterdemandwas66.0gpd.Changestofutureprojections:SinceRocklandCountyhasnotreviseditsfuturepopulationprojections,theexpectedeffectsofthehigher2010numberonfuturelevelsarenotclear.Itispossiblethateither:1)thesamerateofgrowthwilloccur,butbeginningfromthehigherlevelrealizedin2010;or2)lessgrowthwilloccur,sothatthesamelevelofpopulationwillbeachievedby2035aspreviouslypredicted.Effectsoflowerpercapitawaterdemandandchangestofutureprojectionsonfuturewaterdemand:Theeffectsofthesechangesonfuturewaterdemandwouldvary,dependingontherateoffuturegrowth:

-Ifthesamerateofgrowthoccurs,sothatfuturepopulationlevelsare3percenthigherthanpreviouslypredicted,usingthelowerpercapitawaterdemandresultsinslightlyhigherfuturewaterdemandthanpredictedinthe2010 waterdemandforecast0.2mgdhigherinboth2015and0.1mgdhigherin 2035.Thetotaldemandwouldbe33.8mgdin2015,comparedtothe33.6mgd predictedinthe2010forecastand34.3mgdpredictedinthe2006forecast.By 2035,thedemandwouldbe38.7mgd,comparedtothe38.6mgdpredictedinthe2010forecastand39.1mgdpredictedinthe2006forecast.

-Ifalowerrateofgrowthoccurs,sothatfuturepopulationlevelsarethesameby2035aspreviouslypredicted,usingthelowerpercapitawaterdemand Section3PurposeandNeed3-11W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxresultsinslightlylessfuturewaterdemandthanpredictedinthe2010waterdemandforecast.By2015,waterdemandwouldbeessentiallythesameasoriginallypredictedforthatyear(becauseofthehigherbasein2010),butbytheyear2035,thedemandforwaterwouldbe1.0mgdlessthanpreviously predicted.Thetotaldemandwouldbe33.6mgdin2015,comparedtothe33.6 mgdpredictedinthe2010forecastand34.3mgdpredictedinthe2006forecast.By2035,thedemandwouldbe37.6mgd,comparedtothe38.6mgdpredictedinthe2010forecastand39.1mgdpredictedinthe2006forecast.Thus,whilethe2010Censusdatashiftstheresultsofthe2010waterdemandforecast slightly,overallitcontinuestoconfirmthevalidityofthe2006waterdemandforecastintermsofannualaverageandpeakdemand.Figure3-5providesacomparisonofthe 2006waterdemandforecast,the2010waterdemandforecast,andthetwoadjusted forecastsreflecting2010Censusdatadiscussedabove.3.2Long-TermSupplyDeficitAsRocklandCountyspopulationgrows,thedemandforwaterwillincrease,includingthepeakdemandonsummerdays.Asthedesignatedwaterutilityforitsservicearea,whichcomprisesmostofRocklandCounty,UWNYislegallyobligatedtoprovideasafe,dependable,andadequatesupplyofpotablewaterandadequatewaterpressureandwaterservicetomeetfirefightingandpublicsafetyneedsforitsservicearea.Thus,thepurposeoftheproposedlong-termwatersupplyprojectistodevelopanadditionalreliableandsustainablewatersupplythatwillallowUWNYsRocklandCountywatersupplysourcesystemtomeettheneedsforwaterinRocklandCountyinthefuture,consistentwiththe2006and2010PSCRateOrders.Asdiscussedinsection2,UWNYcurrentlyhasthecapacitytoprovide33.9mgdonanannualaveragebasis,withapeakcapacityof51.44mgd(sustainableforthreedays,twicepersummerseason).

5Atthesametime,waterdemandintheserviceareaisprojectedtogrowoverthelong-term.Asnotedinthediscussionofprojectedfuturepopulationinthe2011Rockland CountyComprehensivePlan,Developmentpressureswillbeplacedoninfrastructuresystemsthatprovidewater,sewer,wastedisposal,energyandtelecommunicationsservices.Capacityexpansionsandsystemupgradeswillbeneededtoaccommodatenewdevelopmentandmaintainthequalityofservice.By2015,UWNYhascommittedtoincreasethosesuppliestoatotalof34.5mgdonanannualaveragebasis,withapeaksupplyof52.6 mgd.6Theplannedfuturecapacityincreaseswillbesufficienttomeettheprojecteddemand through2015,buttheywillnotbesufficienttomeetthedemandprojectionsinthelong-term.Theavailableaverageandpeaksupplyandprojectedannualaverageand 5Asnotedearlier,thisdoesnotaccountforconditionswiththelargestsupplywelloutofoperation,asrecommendedinTen-StateStandards.Thiswouldreduceavailablesupplybyapproximately1.5mgd.

6RocklandTomorrow:RocklandCountyComprehensivePlan.RocklandCounty,adoptedMarch1,2011.Chapter3.0,Demographics,p.32.

Section3PurposeandNeed3-12W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxpeakdaydemandareshowninFigure3-6(withouttheadditionoftheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject)andFigure3-7(withtheadditionoftheProposedProject).As showninFigure3-6,by2015,withoutalong-termwatersupplyproject,theaverageannualdemandwillreachtheavailablesupplylevelandby2015-2018,thepeak demandwillreachthepeaksupply,sothatitwillbedifficultforUWNYtomeettheincreaseddemandsduringthesummer/earlyfallperiod,whendemandistypicallysubstantiallyhigherthantheannualaverage.AspartofitsmandatetoprovidesafeandadequatewatersupplyservicetoitsNewYorkStatecustomers,UWNY,likeallwaterpurveyors,mustplantoprovidesufficientsafeyieldinitswatersupplysystem.ThisisconsistentwiththePSCs regulations(16NYCRR§503.4),whichrequirewatercompaniesthatusesurfacewatersourcestotakeintoconsiderationforecastedgrowthordeclineforatleasta10-yearperiodintothefuture,andwhenprojectionsshowthatdemandwillexceedsupply,thewatercompanyshallundertakeallreasonableeffortstoreduceandcontrolfuturedemandstobringthemintobalancewithsupply.Ifappropriate,thewatercorporationshalldevelopplans,consistentwithexistingstaterequirements,to secureadditionalsupply.UWNYsobligationtoprovideadequatewaterisunderscoredinthelanguageofitswatersupplypermitsfromNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmental Conservation(NYSDEC)forLakeDeForestandRamapoValleyWellField,whichstatethefollowing:LakeDeForestpermit:Itisgoodengineeringpracticeforawaterutilitytolooktothefutureandtodevelopadditionalsourcesofsupplysothatitwillbeinapositiontomeetrisingdemandsonitssystemintheyearsahead.Thisis particularlysoinacasesuchashere,whereincreasedpopulationandindustrialdevelopmentareindicated.[item21onpage7]RamapoValleyWellFieldpermit:TheApplicanthasanobligationtoprovidewaterunderallconditionsandatalltimesoftheyeartomeetaverageandpeakdemandsonitssystemasthesedemandsariseandtoplanaheadtohavethenecessarysourcesofsupply,transmission,distributionandstoragefacilitiesconstructedpriortothetimesuchfacilitiesareneeded.[item8onpage22]UWNYsfutureplanstocomplywiththesupplycommitmentssetforthinthe2006and2010RateOrders 7 7Case09-W-0731-ProceedingonMotionoftheCommissionastotheRates,Charges,RulesandRegulationsforUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.,OrderAdoptingJointProposalasModifiedandEstablishingaThree-YearRatePlan(Jul.20,2010)(2010RateOrder).areexpectedtoprovideadequatecapacitytomeetaverageannualandpeak-daydemandsthroughtheendof2015andpotentiallyto2020.However,UWNYcurrentlyreliesonlocalwaterresourcesthatarefiniteintheircapacitytoprovideasafesupplyofdrinkingwatertoitscustomers,andamajorlong-Section3PurposeandNeed3-13W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxtermwatersupplyprojectisneededbeyondthatpointtoincreasethesystemssafeyieldtomeetthefuturewaterdemandsofUWNYsserviceareainRocklandCounty.Forprudentwatersupplyplanning,thissupplyshouldincludeamarginoferrorabovetheprojecteddemand,toensurethatadequatewaterisavailable.Toensure thatadequatesupplyisavailableinthelongterm,UWNYisseekingtoimplementalong-termwatersupplyprojectthatcanprovide2.5mgdinadditionalsafeyieldby2016,withtheabilitytoprovideuptoanadditional5mgd(foratotalof7.5mgd)inthelongertermfuture.Forprudentlong-termplanning,andtobenefitfrom economiesofscalegainedbycapitalinvestmentinonesingleproject,thelong-termwatersupplyprojectwouldthereforeaddresstheneedfor7.5mgdofadditionalsafe yieldwhileallowingthatadditionalyieldtobeaddedincrementallytomeetdemandasitincreasesinthefuture.WaterconservationprogramsandUWNYsongoinginitiativestomaximizetheefficiencyandreducewaterlossinitssystemwillcontinuetoplayanimportantroleinUWNYsmultifacetedstrategytosatisfybothitsgeneralmandatetoprovideadependablesupplyofwatertomeetitscustomersneedsandthespecificvolume commitmentsincludedinthe2006and2010RateOrdersandtheJointProposals.Waterconservationandefficiencyprogramsalone,however,cannotgeneratethelevelsofincreasedsupplyneededtosatisfythePSCmandatesinthe2006and2010 RateOrders,includingaddressinglong-termwaterdemandinRocklandCountybeyond2015.Thus,thepurposeoftheproposedlong-termwatersupplyprojectistodevelopanadditional,sustainablewatersupplysourcethatwillincreasethesafeyieldoftheUWNYsupplysystemtomeetthegrowingneedsforwaterinRocklandCountyoverthelongterm,incompliancewithUWNYsgenerallegalobligationsandthespecificmandatesincludedinthePSCs2006and2010RateOrders.3.3SystemReliabilityWhileoverall,UWNYsRocklandCountywatersupplysystemcanmeetcurrentdemandsforwater,duringthepeaksummer/earlyfallseason,meetingtheincreased demandcanbedifficult.Furthermore,despitetherobustnessandflexibilityofthesystem,itcanbelessreliableduringperiodswithlowprecipitation.UWNYsexistingwatersupplysystemisparticularlyvulnerabletotheeffectsofadrought,sinceitswatersuppliesareallfromthesamegeographicarea(i.e.,RocklandCounty).Thus,RocklandCountysexistingwatersupplysystemisalmostcompletely dependentonrainfallwithinthecountysboundariesandallsuppliesarethereforesimultaneouslyaffectedbydroughtconditions.Asnotedabove,theRamapoValleyWellFieldisthemostsusceptibletoperiodicdryspells,short-termdroughts,andprolongedwatershortagesincetheaquiferishydraulicallylinkedtotheflowintheRamapoRiverandisnotpermittedtooperateatallduringverylow-flowconditionsintheRamapoRiver.Supplywellsmaybelesssusceptibletodryconditions,but Section3PurposeandNeed3-14W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxduringprolongeddryperiodsarealsoadverselyaffected.Itistypicallynotpossibletopumpwellscontinuouslyatmaximumcapacitywithoutadverselyaffectingthe qualityofwaterfromthewellornearbywells,oreventhewellsabilitytoproducewater.Thus,wellscannotbeoperatedforlongperiodsoftimewithoutallowing restperiodsforthewellstorecharge.Groundwaterlevelsandrechargeratesarealsoadverselyaffectedbydroughtconditions,whichdiminishtherobustnessof groundwaterresources.AsdocumentedintworeportscompletedbytheUSGSin2010,WaterResourcesofRocklandCounty,NewYork,2005-07,withEmphasisontheNewarkBasinBedrockAquifer, andHydrogeologyandSimulationofGroundwaterFlowinFracturedRockintheNewarkBasin,RocklandCounty,NewYork

, 8Long-termprecipitationrecordsindicatethattheNortheastU.S.experiencesashort-termdrought(adroughtwithadurationofonetothreemonths)onceeverytwoor threeyearsonaverage,whilelongerdroughts(droughtslongerthanthreemonths)occuronceevery20to30years.Thereisincreasingconcernthatglobalclimatechange maybringgreaterfluctuationsinweatherconditions,includingmorefrequentorseveredroughtconditionsormorefrequentstormevents.Thesafeyieldofthesystem,whichwasdesignedbasedontheworstdroughtofrecord,doesnotaccountforconditionsthatmightoccurshouldastillworsedroughtoccur.thereareseasonallimitationsduringthegrowingseason,whenhigherdemandandreducedavailabilitylimitthecapacityofwatersupplyfromgroundwater.Thereportsindicatethatwhiletodatetheaquiferhasbeenabletoreplenishpriortothenextgrowingseason,thisisanongoingconcern.

9Duringperiodsofwatershortages,RCDOHimplementsemergencymeasurestoreducewaterdemand.(UWNYdoesnothavetheregulatoryauthoritytomandateor regulatewaterconservationbyitscustomersduringdroughtornon-droughtconditions.)Overthepast30years,RocklandCountyhasfaceddrought-relatedwateruserestrictionsfivetimes;threeofthosetimeshaveoccurredinthepast13years.Emergencydroughtconditionswereinplaceforseveralmonthsinboth1995and 1999,andformostoftheyearin2002.Inaddition,both2001and2005wereparticularlydry,althoughdroughtrestrictionswereavoidedinbothyears.Thenewlong-termwatersupplyprojectmustimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeetingfuturedemandsbyintroducingasupplythatisless dependentonlocalizedprecipitationconditions.TheNortheastU.S.experiencesashort-termdrought(i.e.,adroughtwithadurationofonetothreemonths)everyone tothreeyearsonaverage,andexperienceslongerdroughts(i.e.,greaterthanthreemonths)onceevery20to30years.Thelong-termwatersupplyprojectshouldbe 8UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInterior,UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey,ScientificInvestigationsReports2010-5245and2010-5250.Availableontheinternetathttp://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5245andhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5250

.9Forgroundwater,calculationsofyieldaremorecomplex,sotheterm"safeyield"isoftennotappliedtogroundwater.

Section3PurposeandNeed3-15W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxdevelopedtoberesponsivetotheoccurrenceofdroughteventsandthepotentialeffectsofclimatechangeonthefrequencyandseverityofdroughtsandstormevents.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwouldimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeetingfuturedemandsforwaterbyprovidingasupplyof waterthatislessdependentonclimateconditions.RocklandCountyiscurrentlyservedbygroundwatersuppliesandreservoirs.Includingadrought-tolerantriversource,liketheHudsonRiver,addstothediversityofthewatersupplyportfolioandprovidesgreaterflexibilityinmanagingthesystem.Section1.3providesadescription ofhowtheprojectwillbephasedandmanagedforoptimumbenefit.3.4ProjectGoalsandBenefitsThepurposeofthelong-termwatersupplyprojectistoprovideadditionalwatersupplysourcetoincreasethesafeyieldandreliabilityoftheUWNYRocklandCountywatersupplysystemby7.5mgd,toaccommodatefuturegrowthwithanadequatemarginofsafetyandcomplywiththe2006and2010RateOrders.Consistentwiththe requirementsofUWNYsfranchiseanditsmissionasawatersupplycompany,thewatersuppliedmustbehigh-qualitydrinkingwaterthatmeetsalldrinkingwater standards.Basedonthisneed,andwithinitscapabilitiesastheProjectsponsor, UWNYhasidentifiedthefollowinggoalsandbenefitsfortheProposedProject.AvoidandMinimizeEnvironmentalImpacts:Consistentwiththe requirementsofNewYorkStatesenvironmentallaws,andparticularlyNew YorkStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct,akeygoalforthelong-termwatersupplyprojectistoavoidandminimizethepotentialenvironmental impactsoftheProposedProjecttothemaximumextentpracticablegiventheothergoalsandobjectivesfortheProposedProjectandthecapabilitiesoftheProjectsponsor.AbilitytobeImplementedinStages:Tomeetfuturedemandsforwatersupplyastheydevelopovertime,andtherebyminimizeunnecessarycapitalcoststotheratepayersaswellasunnecessaryenvironmentaleffects,thelong-termwatersupplyprojectshouldhavetheabilitytobeimplementedinstages.CostEffectiveness:TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjecthasbeenidentifiedasthemostcost-effectiveofthealternativesavailabletoUWNYforthelong-termwatersupplyproject.

4-1W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\04Section4_9-29-11_CLEAN.docxSection4WaterQuality,QuantityandCompliancewithDrinkingWaterRegulations4.1HudsonRiverWaterQualityTheProposedProjectslocationontheHudsonRiver,anditsuseofHudsonRiverwaterasawatersupplysource,isbasedonextensivemonitoringandanalysesofwaterqualityinHaverstrawBay,aswellasupstreamanddownstreamoftheIntakeSite.Asdiscussedinmoredetailsection4.1.6,HudsonRiverwateriscurrentlybeingwithdrawnandtreatedfordistributionasdrinkingwaterbymorethan20other municipalities,includingboththeCityandTownofPoughkeepsie.Asmorefullydetailedinsection4.1.5,thewaterqualityanalysesarebasedonmodelprojectionsfromanumberofsamples,andconcludethattheHudsonRiverwatersofHaverstrawBayaresuitableasadrinkingwatersource.Somelevelofcontaminantsarefoundinalldrinkingwatersources,andUnitedWaterNewYork(UWNY),likeallotherpurveyorsofpublicwaterthroughoutNewYorkStateandbeyond,encountersandaddressesregulatedsubstancesonadailybasis.Manyofthesesubstancesareubiquitousandcanbefoundingroundwater,insurfacewater,andinreservoirs.Inaddition,purveyorsofpublicwaterlikeUWNY,routinelyaddresspotentialthreatstotheirpublicwatersuppliesfromnearbylandusessuchaslandfills,industry,commercialvessels,andthelike.Operatorsofpublicwatersuppliesaretrainedinandfamiliarwiththisco-existence,whichisheavilyregulatedbygovernmentalentitiesinNewYorkStateandintheUnitedStates,generally.TheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC)hasassignedwaterclassificationstoallwatersofNewYorkStatepursuanttotheEnvironmentalConservationLaw,6NYCRRPart701.Theseclassificationsidentify thebestusagesforthatwaterbody,basedonitswaterquality.TheHudsonRiverwithinthestudyareaisdesignatedbyNYSDECasClassSBsalinesurfacewater.ThebestusagesofClassSBwatersareprimaryandsecondarycontactrecreation(e.g.,swimmingandwatersports),andfishing.ClassSBwatersshouldbesuitableforfish propagationandsurvival.Designatedbestusagesarenotexhaustivelistsofpermissibleorlegalusesotherusesmayalsotakeplaceinaparticularreachofwatersolongasthoseotherusesdonotdegradewaterqualitytotheextentthatiteithernolongersupportsthedesignatedbestusagesorfallsbelowthenumericwaterqualitystandards.

1 1See,e.g.,IntheMatteroftheApplicationsoftheSpringValleyWaterCo.,Inc.(AmbreyPondProject),1987WL55415(Williams,Commissioner)(NYSDEC)Jan.6,1987),affdsubnom,HudsonRiverFishermansAssoc.v.Williams,139A.D.2nd234(3dDept1988);IntheMatteroftheApplicationsbytheLakeMinnewaskaJointVenture,1984WL19314(Williams,Commissioner)(NYSDECDec.10,1984);accord,ArnoldIrrigationDistrictv.Dept.ofEnvironmentalQuality,79Or.App.136,143-144(1986),cert.denied

,301Or.765(1986).TheClassSBclassificationdoesnotpreventtheuseofClassSBwaterstocreateapublicwatersupplythroughtheconversionofwithdrawnsaline Section4WaterQuality,QuantityandCompliancewithDrinkingWaterRegulations 4-2W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\04Section4_9-29-11_CLEAN.docxwaters(throughdesalination)andtreatment.TheProposedProjectwouldnotrequireareclassificationoftherelevantreachoftheHudsonRivertousethiswaterfor drinkingwater.4.1.1HudsonRiverHistoricalWaterQualityDataBetweenApril2007andMay2008,UWNYimplementedawaterqualitymonitoringprogramtoclassifytheHudsonRiver.Arangeofwaterqualityparametersweremonitoredonaweekly,monthlyandquarterlybasisandaredescribedbelow.WatermonitoringwasconductedatfivelocationswithintheHaverstrawBayvicinityoftheHudsonRiveratmultipledepthsandvaryingtidalcycles.Figure4-1indicatesthesitenumberandlocationforeachsamplingstation.Table4-1belowprovidesasummaryoftheapproximatesitelocation,descriptionandinstallationdate.(Site2islocatedinthevicinityoftheproposedintakelocation.)Table4-1-SampleLocationsfor2007-2008WaterQualityMonitoring4.1.1.1ParametersAnalyzedandFrequencyAsmentionedabove,severalwaterqualityparameterswereanalyzedatvaryingfrequenciesateachofthefivesiteslocatedalongtheHudsonRiver.Table4-2summarizestheanalytegroupsandmonitoringfrequenciesforeachsite.Theparametersmonitoredandassociatedanalyticalmethod,aswellasthenumberofsamplesanddetections,aredetailedinTables1A(CleanWaterActMethods-40CFR136)and2A(otherEPA-approvedmethods)ofAppendixB,andTables1B(Clean WaterActMethods-40CFR136)and2B(otherEPA-approvedmethods).Table3,Summaryof2008-2011HudsonRiverSondeWaterQualityDataandSummaryofHudsonRiverandRawWaterQualityDatafromFieldAnalysis,presentstheSITE IDAPPROX.RIVERMILELOCATIONSAMPLINGPERIOD 14 2TompkinsCove,NY,northof(former)LovettPowerGeneratingStation.April2007toJuly2007 240StonyPoint,NY,offGrassyPointRd.April2007toAug2007 339Haverstraw,NY,BowlinePondApril2007toAug2007 437Haverstraw,NY,offTilconQuarryApril2007toAug20074s37Haverstraw,NY,250feetwestofSite4Aug2007toMay2008 53 9Haverstraw,NY,500feeteastofSite3(inriverchannel)June2007toMay2008 Figure4-1HudsonRiverWaterQualitySamplingSites"

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