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| number = ML14113A112 | | number = ML14113A112 | ||
| issue date = 04/11/2014 | | issue date = 04/11/2014 | ||
| title = | | title = Updated Final Safety Analysis Report, Revision 20, Chapter 11.0, Radioactive Waste Management | ||
| author name = | | author name = | ||
| author affiliation = Exelon Generation Co, LLC | | author affiliation = Exelon Generation Co, LLC | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| page count = 139 | | page count = 139 | ||
}} | }} | ||
=Text= | |||
{{#Wiki_filter:LSCS-UFSAR 11.0-i REV.15, APRIL 2004 CHAPTER 11.0 - RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 11.0 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT 11.1-1 11.1 SOURCE TERMS 11.1-1 11.1.1 Fission Products 11.1-2 11.1.1.1 Noble Radiogas Fission Products 11.1-2 11.1.1.2 Radiohalogen Fission Products 11.1-5 11.1.1.3 Other Fission Products 11.1-6 11.1.1.4 Nomenclature 11.1-7 11.1.2 Activation Products 11.1-8 11.1.2.1 Coolant Activation Products 11.1-8 11.1.2.2 Noncoolant Activation Products 11.1-8 11.1.3 Tritium 11.1-8 11.1.4 Fuel Fission Product Inventory and Fuel Experience 11.1-10 11.1.4.1 Fuel Fission Product Inventory 11.1-10 11.1.4.2 Fuel Experience 11.1-10 11.1.5 Process Leakage Sources 11.1-10 11.1.6 Power Conversion System Source Terms 11-1-10 11.1.7 References 11.1-11 11.2 LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 11.2-1 11.2.1 Design Bases 11.2-1 11.2.1.1 Safety Design Basis 11.2-1 11.2.1.2 Power-Generation Design Basis 11.2-1 11.2.1.3 Radioactive Releases 11.2-2 11.2.1.4 10 CFR 50 Comparison 11.2-2 11.2.1.5 10 CFR 20 Comparison 11.2-2 11.2.1.6 Component Specifications 11.2-2 11.2.1.7 Anticipated Operating Conditions 11.2-2 11.2.1.7.1 Initial Startup - Unit 1 11.2-3 11.2.1.7.2 Unit 2 Initial Startup - Unit 1 in Normal Operation 11.2-4 11.2.1.7.3 Normal Startup Following Any Shutdown 11.2-5 11.2.1.7.4 Condenser Tube Leakage 11.2-5 11.2.1.7.5 Unit 1 and Unit 2 Shutdown 11.2-6 11.2.1.7.6 Design Basis Fuel Leakage 11.2-6 | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS Cont'd PAGE 11.0-ii REV.15, APRIL 2004 11.2.1.7.7 Reactor Coolant Leakage 11.2-7 11.2.1.7.8 Refueling and Maintenance Outages 11.2-7 11.2.1.7.9 Unscheduled Reactor Trips 11.2-7 11.2.1.8 Seismic Design and Quality Group 11.2-7 11.2.1.9 Facility and Equipment Design 11.2-7 11.2.1.9.1 Normal Operations 11.2-8 11.2.1.9.2 Maintenance Operations 11.2-8 11.2.1.9.3 Nonroutine Operations 11.2-9 11.2.1.10 Tank Level Control 11.2-9 11.2.1.11 Prevention of Uncontrolled Releases 11.2-9 11.2.2 System Description 11.2-10 11.2.2.1 Waste Processing Subsystem 11.2-11 11.2.2.2 Floor Drain Processing Subsystem 11.2-13 11.2.2.3 Chemical Waste Subsystem 11.2-14 11.2.2.4 Laundry Waste Subsystem 11.2-16 11.2.2.5 Sludge Subsystem 11.2-16 11.2.2.5.1 Spent Resin Tank 11.2-17 11.2.2.5.2 Waste Sludge Tank 11.2-17 11.2.2.5.3 URC Sludge Tank 11.2-17 11.2.2.5.4 RWCU Phase Separator Tank 11.2-18 11.2.2.5.5 Concentrator Waste Tanks 11.2-18 11.2.2.6 Operating Procedures 11.2-18 11.2.2.7 Performance Tests 11.2-18 11.2.2.8 Control and Instrumentation 11.2-19 11.2.3 Radioactive Releases 11.2-20 11.2.3.1 Criteria for Recycling 11.2-20 11.2.3.2 Release Assumptions 11.2-20 11.2.3.3 Total Releases - Comparison with 10 CFR 20 Limits 11.2-21 11.2.3.4 Radiological Dose Assessment - Comparison with Appendix I Guidelines 11.2-21 11.2.4 References 11.2-22 11.3 GASEOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 11.3-1 11.3.1 Design Bases 11.3-1 11.3.1.1 Design Objective 11.3-1 11.3.1.2 Design Criteria 11.3-1 11.3.2 System Descriptions 11.3-2 11.3.2.1 Off-Gas (RECHAR) System 11.3-2 11.3.2.1.1 Process Description 11.3-2 11.3.2.1.1.1 Process Flow Diagram 11.3-2 11.3.2.1.1.2 Noble Gas Radionuclide Source Term and Decay 11.3-3 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS Cont'd PAGE 11.0-iii REV.13 11.3.2.1.1.3 Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P & ID) 11.3-3 11.3.2.1.1.4 Recombiner 11.3-3 11.3.2.1.1.5 Charcoal Adsorbers 11.3-3 11.3.2.1.1.5.1 Charcoal and Charcoal Vault Temperature 11.3-3 11.3.2.1.1.5.2 Gas Channeling in the Charcoal Adsorber 11.3-4 11.3.2.1.1.5.3 Charcoal Bypass Mode 11.3-4 11.3.2.1.1.5.4 Charcoal Performance 11.3-4 11.3.2.1.1.6 HEPA Prefilter 11.3-5 11.3.2.1.1.7 Desiccant Gas 11.3-5 11.3.2.1.1.8 HEPA Afterfilter 11.3-5 11.3.2.1.1.9 Instrumentation and Control 11.3-5 11.3.2.1.1.10 Explosion Resistance 11.3-6 11.3.2.1.1.10.1 Pressure Boundary 11.3-6 11.3.2.1.1.11 Leakage of Radioactive Gases 11.3-7 11.3.2.1.1.12 Hydrogen Concentration 11.3-7 11.3.2.1.1.13 Drain Seals 11.3-7 11.3.2.1.1.14 Process Design Parameters 11.3-7 11.3.2.1.1.15 System Design 11.3-8 11.3.2.1.1.16 Design Basis Inventories of Radionuclides 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.17 Single Failure and Operator Errors 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.18 Typical Operating Sequences 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.18.1 Prestartup Preparations 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.18.2 Startup 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.18.3 Normal Operation 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.19 Performance Tests 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.19.1 Main Condenser Steam Jet Air Ejector Off-Gas (RECHAR) System 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.19.2 Recombiner 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.20 Operator Exposure Criteria and Controls 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.21 Equipment Malfunction 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.22 Equivalent Service Experience 11.3-10 11.3.2.2 Other Radioactive Gas Sources 11.3-11 11.3.2.2.1 Primary Containment 11.3-11 11.3.3 Radioactive Releases 11.3-11 11.3.3.1 Expected Releases 11.3-12 11.3.3.2 Reported Releases 11.3-13 11.3.4 References 11.3-13 11.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 11.4-1 11.4.1 Design Bases 11.4-1 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS Cont'd PAGE 11.0-iv REV.15, APRIL 2004 11.4.1.1 Power Generation Design Bases 11.4-1 11.4.1.2 Safety Design Bases 11.4-1 11.4.1.3 Types of Waste 11.4-2 11.4.1.4 Expected Volumes 11.4-3 11.4.2 System Description 11.4-3 11.4.2.1 Drum Preparation Station 11.4-3 11.4.2.2 Decanting Station 11.4-4 11.4.2.3 Drumming Station 11.4-5 11.4.2.4 Drum Handling Equipment 11.4-6 11.4.2.5 Smear Test and Label Station 11.4-7 11.4.2.6 Dry Waste Compactor 11.4-7 11.4.2.7 Storage Areas 11.4-7 11.4.2.8 Control Station 11.4-8 11.4.2.9 Processing Area for Radwaste Shipping Containers 11.4-8 11.5 PROCESS AND EFFLUENT RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS 11.5-1 11.5.1 Design Bases 11.5-1 11.5.1.1 Design Objectives 11.5-1 11.5.1.2 Design Criteria 11.5-2 11.5.2 System Description 11.5-4 11.5.2.1 Gaseous Process Radiation Monitors 11.5-4 11.5.2.1.1 Reactor Building Ve ntilation Exhaust Radiation Monitor 11.5-4 11.5.2.1.2 Off-Gas Posttreatment Radiation Monitor 11.5-5 11.5.2.1.3 Off-Gas Pretreatment Radiation Monitor 11.5-5 11.5.2.1.4 Main Steamline Radiation Monitor System 11.5-6 11.5.2.1.5 Fuel Pool Ventilation Exhaust Radiation Monitors 11.5-7 11.5.2.1.6 Carbon Bed Vault Monitoring System 11.5-7 11.5.2.2 Gaseous Effluent Radiation Monitors 11.5-8 11.5.2.2.1 Station Vent Stack Monitor 11.5-8 11.5.2.2.2 Standby Gas Treatment System Stack Effluent Monitor 11.5-9 11.5.2.3 Liquid Process and Effluent Monitors 11.5-10 11.5.2.3.1 General Description 11.5-10 11.5.2.3.2 Service Water Monitor 11.5-10 11.5.2.3.3 Radwaste Effluent Radiation Monitor System 11.5-10 11.5.2.3.4 RHR Heat Exchanger Cooling Water Effluent Monitor System 11.5-11 11.5.2.3.5 Reactor Building Closed Cooling Water Monitor 11.5-11 11.5.2.4 Sampling 11.5-12 11.5.2.4.1 Process Sampling 11.5-12 11.5.2.4.2 Effluent Sampling 11.5-12 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS Cont'd PAGE 11.0-v REV.20, APRIL 2014 11.5.2.4.3 Analytical Procedures 11.5-12 11.5.2.5 Instrument Inspection, Calibration, and Maintenance 11.5-13 11.5.2.5.1 Calibration 11.5-14 11.5.3 Effluent Monitoring and Sampling 11.5-14 11.5.4 Process Monitoring and Sampling 11.5-14 11.5.5 High Radiation Sampling System 11.5-14 11.5.5.1 General System Description 11.5-14 11.5.5.2 Liquid Sampling Subsystem 11.5-15 11.5.5.3 Deleted 11.5.5.4 Air Sampling Subsystem 11.5-17 11.5.5.5 Deleted 11.5.5.6 Off-Site Chemical Analysis Capability 11.5-18 LSCS-UFSAR 11.0-vi REV.15, APRIL 2004 CHAPTER 11.0 - RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LIST OF TABLES NUMBER TITLE 11.1-1 Noble Radiogas Source Terms (1971 Mixture) 11.1-2 Halogen Radioisotopes in Reactor Water 11.1-3 Other Fission Product Radioisotopes in Reactor Water 11.1-4 Coolant Activation Products in Reactor Water and Steam 11.1.5 Noncoolant Activation Products in Reactor Water 11.2-1 Expected Releases of Radioactive Materials from Normal Operations and Operational Occurrences Compared to 10 CFR 20 Limits 11.2-2 Radiological Dose to Individual at or Beyond the Site Boundary 11.2-3 Liquid Radwaste System Components and Design Parameters 11.2-4 Design-Basis Influent Radioactivity Con- centrations in Liquid Waste Processing Streams and Comparison to Reactor Water | |||
Activity 11.2-5 Expected Inventories in Liquid Radwaste System Components 11.2-6 Maximum and Expected Inputs to Radwaste Systems 11.2-7 Design-Basis Process Decontamination Factors 11.2-8 Principal Assumptions Used in "Maximum Individual" Radiological Dose Assessment for Radionuclides Released in Liquid Effluents 11.3-1 Estimated Process Off-Gas Release Rates from Main Condenser 11.3-2 Off-Gas System Major Equipment Items 11.3-3 Off-Gas System Process Instrument Alarms 11.3-4 Off-Gas System Equipment Malfunction Analysis LSCS-UFSAR LIST OF TABLES NUMBER TITLE 11.0-vii REV.15, APRIL 2004 11.3-5 Summary of Atmospheric Dispersion Factors and Depositi on Values for Selected Locations 11.3-6 Estimated Annual Airborne Releases of Iodine-131 from BWR's During Power Generation and Refueling/Main-tenance Outage, Curies per Plant 11.3-7 Mixed Noble Radiogas Nuclides, Curies/Year 11.4-1 Solid Waste Management System Equip- ment and Storage Design Capacities 11.4-2 Expected and Design Annual Volumes of Solid Waste Management System Output 11.5-1 Process Radiation Monitoring System Environmental Design Conditions 11.5-2 Process Radiation Monitoring System (Gaseous and Airborne Monitors) 11.5-3 Effluent Radiation Monitoring System (Gaseous and Airborne Monitors) 11.5-4 Process and Effluent Radiation Monitor-ing System (Liquid Monitors) 11.5-5 Radiological Analysis Summary of Liquid Process Samples 11.5-6 Radiological Analysis Summary of Gaseous Process Samples 11.5-7 Radiological Analysis Summary of Liquid Effluent Samples 11.5-8 Radiological Analysis Summary of Gaseous Effluent Samples LSCS-UFSAR 11.0-viii REV.14, APRIL 2002 CHAPTER 11.0 - RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LIST OF FIGURES AND DRAWINGS FIGURES NUMBER TITLE 11.1-1 Noble Radiogas Decay Constant Exponent Frequency Histogram 11.1-2 Radiohalogen Decay Constant Exponent Frequency Histogram 11.1-3 Noble Radiogas Le akage vs. I-131 Leakage 11.2-1 Liquid Radwaste System - Deleted 11.3-1 Off-Gas System Flow Diagram 11.3-2 Gaseous Radwaste System Process Flow Diagram 11.4-1 Radwaste Disposal System Flow Diagram | |||
DRAWINGS CITED IN THIS CHAPTER* | |||
DRAWING SUBJECT M-2 General Site Plan M-11 General Arrangement - Basement Floor Plan M-12 General Arrangement - Miscellaneous Floor Plan M-103 P&ID Radwaste Radioactive Waste Sumps (Sheet 1) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Waste Proces sing Subsystem (Sheet 2-5) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Floor Drai n Subsystem (Sheets 6- 11) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Sludge Subsystem (Sheets 12 and 13) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Concen trator Waste (Sheet 14) M-103 P&ID Radwaste RWCU Phase Separators (Sheets 15 and 16) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Laundry Subsystem (Sheet 17) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Filter System (Sheet 18) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Chemical Waste Subsystem (Sheets 19-21) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Laundry Concentrator (Sheet 22) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Floor Drain Concentrator (Sheets 23 and 24) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Chemical Wa ste Concentrator (Sheet 25) M-103 P&ID Solid Radwaste System (Sheet 26) M-103 P&ID Liquid Radwaste Discharge (Sheet 27) M-115 Process Sample System M-153 Process Radiation Monitoring System M-156 Containment Monitoring System | |||
* The listed drawings are included as "Gen eral References" only; i.e., refer to the drawings to obtain additional detail or to obtain background information. These drawings are not part of the UFSAR. They are controlled by the Controlled Documents Program. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-1 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 CHAPTER 11.0 - RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT This chapter describes the capabilities of the plant to control, collect, handle, process, store, and dispose of liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes that may contain radioactive materials and the instrumentation used to monitor the release of these wastes. | |||
This chapter also describes normal operation and anticipated operational occurrences such as refueling, purging, equipment downtime, maintenance, etc. The radioactive waste (radwaste) treatm ent systems meet the requirements of 10 CFR 20 and 10 CFR 50 and the intent of Appendix I to 10 CFR 50 (as low as reasonably achievable-ALARA). | |||
The releases of radioactivity and their resulting doses included in this Chapter were calculated during plant licensing from assumed values for many parameters. These included coolant activity, iodine partitioning, amount of failed fuel, filter efficiencies, system flow rates, component le ak rates, and associated activity for all potentially radioactive water and steam systems. Estimates were made for many individual contributors and then summed to obtain estimates for total annual dose. These values were then compared to appropriate regulatory limits, such as 10 CFR 20 and Appendix I to 10 CFR 50, to show that the plant could be operated, if granted a license, in compliance with thes e regulations. The NRC reviewed these estimated values and confirmed in their Safety Evaluation Report that the plant could be operated and meet the regulations. | |||
After receipt of an Operating License, the requirement to meet the applicable radiological dose regulations is demonstrated in the station's annual radiological effluent release report. The values for the report are calculated using the measured total radioactivity releases from all source s and equations and data included in the Offsite Dose Calculation Manual. Only the total values are calculated; there is no requirement to calculate the dose from each of the individual sources listed in this Chapter. The information on release estimates and offsite doses is maintained in the UFSAR for historical reference and is not intended to be used to establish current operating limits. | |||
Specific limits on radioactive effluents, methods for calculating the resulting offsite doses, details of the radiological environmental monitoring program, and reporting requirements for the release of radioact ive effluents are given in the Technical Specifications and other documents. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-1a REV. 14, APRIL 2002 11.1 SOURCE TERMS General Electric has evaluated radioactiv e material sources (activation products and fission product release from fuel) in operating boiling water reactors (BWR's) since the early 1960s. These source terms are reviewed and periodically revised to incorporate up-to-date information. Releas e of radioactive material from operating BWR's has generally resulted in doses to offsite persons which have been only a small fraction of permissible dose s, or of natural background dose. | |||
The information provided in this section defines the design-basis radioactive material levels in the reactor water, steam, and off-gas. The various radioisotopes listed have been grouped as coolant activation products, noncoolant activation products, and fission products. The fission product levels are based on measurements of BWR reactor water and off-gas at several operating stations. Emphasis was placed on observations ma de at KRB and Dresden-2. The design-basis radioactive material levels do not necessarily include all the radioisotopes observed or predicted theoretically to be present. The radioisotopes included are considered significant to one or more of the following criteria: | |||
: a. plant equipment design, b. shielding design, c. understanding system operation and performance, d. measurement practicability, and LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-2 REV. 13 | |||
: e. evaluating radioactive material releases to the environment. | |||
For halogens, radionuclides with half-lives less than 3 minutes were omitted. For other fission products in the reactor water, radionuclides with half-lives less than 10 minutes were not considered. | |||
11.1.1 Fission Products 11.1.1.1 Noble Radiogas Fission Products The noble radiogas fission product source terms observed in operating BWR's are generally complex mixtures whose sources va ry from miniscule defects in cladding to "tramp" uranium on external cladding surfaces. The relative concentrations or amounts of noble radiogas isotop es can be described as follows: | |||
Equilibrium: R g ~ k 1 y Recoil: Rg | |||
~ k 2 y The nomenclature in Subsection 11.1.1.4 defines the terms in these and succeeding equations. The constants k 1 and k 2 describe the fractions of the total fissions that are involved in each of the releases. The equilibrium and recoil mixtures are the two extremes of the mixture spectrum that are physically possible. When a sufficient time delay occurs between the fission event and the time of release of the radiogases from the fuel to the coolant, the radiogases approach equilibrium levels in the fuel, and the equilibrium mixture results. When there is no delay or impedance between the fission event and the release of the radiogases, the recoil mixture is observed. | |||
Prior to Vallecitos Boiling Water Reactor (VBWR) and Dresden-1 experience, it was assumed that noble radiogas leakage from the fuel would be the equilibrium mixture of the noble radiogases present in the fuel. | |||
VBWR and early Dresden-1 experience indicated that the actual mixture most often observed approached a distribution which was intermediate in character to the two extremes. This intermediate decay mixture was termed the "diffusion" mixture. It must be emphasized that this "diffusion" mixture is merely one possible point on the mixture spectrum ranging from the equilibrium to the recoil mixture and does not have the absolute mathematical and mechanistic basis for the calculational methods possible for equilibrium and recoil mixtures. However, the "diffusion" distribution pattern which has been described is as follows: | |||
Diffusion: R g ~ | |||
(Reference 1) 0.5 3 y k LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-3 REV. 13 The constant k 3 describes the fraction of total fissions that are involved in the release. The value of the exponent of the decay constant is midway between the values for equilibrium, 0, and recoil, 1. | |||
Although the previously described "diffusion" mixture has been described historically by GE since 1963 with a value of 0.5, the recent design-basis release magnitude has varied from 0.5 Ci/sec to 0.1 Ci/sec as meas ured after 30-minute decay (t = 30 minutes). (The noble radiogas source-term rate after 30-minute decay has been used as a conventional measure of the design-basis fuel leakage rate since it is conveniently measurable and was cons istent with the nominal design-basis 30-minute off-gas holdup system used on a nu mber of previous plants.) Since about 1967, the design-basis release magnitude used by GE, including the 1971 source terms used herein, has been established at an annual average of 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes). This design basis is consider ed as an annual average with some time above and some time below this value. This design value was selected on the basis of operating experience rather than predictive assumptions. Several judgment factors, including the significance of environmental release, reactor water radioisotope concentrations, liquid waste handling and effluent disposal criteria, building air contamination, shielding design, and turbine and other component contamination affecting maintenance, have been considered in establishing this level. Noble radiogas source terms from fuel above 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes) can be tolerated for reasonable periods of time. Continual assessment of these values is made on the basis of actual operating experience in BWR's. There is no experimental or operational basis for relating this design-basis value to reactor size or fuel power density, since limiting conditions on plant releases are largely independent of these parameters. | |||
While the noble radiogas source-term magnit ude was established at 0.1 Ci/sec (t = | |||
30 minutes), it was recognized that ther e may be a more statistically applicable distribution for the noble radiogas mixture. Sufficient data were available from KRB operations from 1967 to mid-1971 along wi th Dresden-2 data from operation in 1970 and several months in 1971 to more accu rately characterize the noble radiogas mixture pattern for an operating BWR. | |||
The basic equation for each radioisotope used to analyze the collected data is: | |||
(11.1-1) | |||
With the exception of Kr-85 with a half-lif e of 10.74 years, the noble radiogas fission products in the fuel are essentially at an equilibrium condition after an irradiation period of several months (rate of formation is equal to the rate of decay). So for ()()t T m g g e e 1 y K R= | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-4 REV. 13 practical purposes the term (1-e | |||
-t) approaches 1 and can be neglected when the reactor has been operating at steady state for long periods of time. The term (e | |||
-T) is used to adjust the releases from the fuel (t = 0) to the decay time for which values represent the actual release out the stack. Historically t = 30 minutes has been used. When discussing long steady-state operation and leakage from the fuel (t = 0), the following simplified form of Equati on 11.1-1 can be used to describe the leakage of each noble radiogas: | |||
R g = K g ym (11.1-2) | |||
The constant K g describes the magnitude of leakag | |||
: e. The relative rates of leakage of the different noble radiogas isotopes are accounted for by the variable m, the exponent of the decay constant . Dividing both sides of Equation 11.1-2 by y, the fission yield, and taking the logarithm of both sides results in the following equation: | |||
log (R g/y) = m log () + log (K g) (11.1-3) | |||
Equation 11.1-3 represents a straight line when log (R g/y) is plotted versus log (); m is the slope of the line. This straight line is obtained by plotting (R g/y) versus () on logarithmic graph paper. By fitting actual data from KRB and Dresden-2 (using least squares techniques) to the equation , the slope m can be obtained. With radiogas leakage at KRB over the nearly 5-year period varying from 0.001 to 0.056 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes) and with radiogas leakage at Dresden-2 varying from 0.001 to 0.169 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes), the averag e value of m was determined. The value for m is 0.4 with a standard deviation of | |||
+/- 0.07. This is illustrated in Figure 11.1-1 as a frequency histogram. As can be seen from this figure, variations in m were observed in the range of m = 0.1 to m = 0.6. After establishing the value of m = 0.4, the value of K g can be calculated by selecting a value for R g , or as has been done historically, the design basis is set by the total design-basis source-term magnitude at t = 30 minutes. With R g at 30 minutes = 100,000 | |||
µCi/sec, K g was calculated as being 2.6 x 10 7; thus Equation 11.1-1 becomes: | |||
R g = 2.6 x 10 7 y 0.4 (1-e -t) (e -t) (11.1-4) | |||
This updated noble radiogas source-term mixture has been termed the "1971 mixture" to differentiate it from the "diffusion mixture." The noble gas source term for each radioisotope is calculated from Equation 11.1-4. The resultant source terms are presented in Table 11.1-1 as leak age from fuel (t = 0) and after 30-minute decay. While Kr-85 can be calculated using Equation 11.1-4, the number of confirming experimental observations was limited by the difficulty of measuring very low release rates of this isotope. Therefore, the table provides an estimated range for Kr-85 based on actual measurements. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-5 REV. 13 11.1.1.2 Radiohalogen Fission Products Historically, the radiohalogen design-basis source term was established by the same equation as that used for noble radiogases. In a fashion similar to that used with gases, a simplified equation can be shown to describe the release of each halogen radioisotope: | |||
R h = k h yn (11.1-5) The constant K h describes the magnitude of leakage from fuel. The relative rates of halogen radioisotope leakage are expressed in terms of n, the exponent of the decay constant . As was done with the noble radiogases, the average value was determined for n. The average value for n is 0.5 with a standard deviation of | |||
+/- 0.19. This is illustrated in Figure 11.1-2 as a fr equency histogram. As can be seen from this figure, variations in n were observed in the range of n = 0.1 to n = 0.9. | |||
It is evident that the use of the earlier methods for calculating radiohalogen leakage from fuel was overly conservative. Figu re 11.1-3 relates KRB and Dresden-2 noble radiogas versus I-131 leakage. While it can be seen from Dresden-2 data during the period August 1970 to January 1971 that there is a relationship between noble radiogas and I-131 leakage under one fu el condition, there was no simple relationship for all fuel conditions experienced. Also, it can be seen that during this period, high radiogas leakages were not accompanied by high radioiodine leakage from the fuel. Except for one KRB datu m point, all steady-state I-131 leakages observed at KRB or Dresden-2 we re equal to or less than 505 | |||
µCi/sec. Even at Dresden-1 in March 1965, when severe defe cts were experienced in stainless-steel-clad fuel, I-131 leakages greater than 500 | |||
µCi/sec I-131 were not experienced. | |||
Figure 11.1-3 shows that these higher radioiodine leakages from the fuel were related to noble radiogas source terms of less than the design-basis value of 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes). This may be part ially explained by inherent limitations due to internal plant operational problems that caused plant derating. | |||
In general, it is not anticipated that operation at full power would continue for any significant time period with fuel cladding defects that indicated I-131 leakage from the fuel in excess of 700 | |||
µCi/sec. When such high radiohalogen leakages are observed, other fission products are also present in greater amounts. | |||
Using these judgment factors and experience to date, the design-basis radiohalogen source terms from fuel were established based on I-131 leakage of 700 | |||
µCi/sec. This value, as seen in Figure 11.1-3, accommodates the experience data and the design-basis noble radiogas source term of 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes | |||
). With the I-131 design-basis source term established, K h can be calculated as being 2.4 x 10 7 , and the halogen radioisotope release rate can be expressed by the following equation: | |||
R h = 2.4 x 10 7 y 0.5 (1-e -T) (e -t) (11.1-6) | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-6 REV. 13 Concentrations of radiohalogens in reactor water can be calculated using the following equation: | |||
(11.1-7) Although carry-over of most soluble radioisotopes from reactor water to steam is observed to be <0.001 (fraction), the observed "carry-over" for radiohalogens has varied from 0.1% to about 2% on newer plants. The average of observed radiohalogen carry-over measurements has b een 1.2% by weight of reactor water in steam with a standard deviation of | |||
+/- 0.9. In the present source-term definition, a radiohalogen carry-over of 2% (0.02 frac tion) was used, which is conservative. | |||
The halogen release rate from the fuel was calculated from Equation 11.1-6. Concentrations in reactor water were ca lculated from Equation 11.1-7. The resultant concentrations are presented in Table 11.1-2. | |||
11.1.1.3 Other Fission Products The observations of other fission products (and transuranic nuclides, including Np-239) in operating BWR's are not adequately correlated by simple equations. For these radioisotopes, design-basis concentrations in reactor water have been estimated conservatively from experience data and are presented in Table 11.1-3. Carry-over of these radioisotopes from the reactor water to the steam is estimated to be <0.001 (fraction). In addition to carry-over, however, decay of noble radiogases in the steam leaving the reactor results in production of noble gas daughter radioisotopes in the steam and condensate systems. | |||
Some daughter radioisotopes (e.g., yttrium and lanthanum) were not listed as being in reactor water. Their independent leakag e to the coolant is negligible; however, these radioisotopes may be observed in some samples in equilibrium or approaching equilibrium with the parent radioisotope. | |||
Except for Np-239, trace concentrations of transuranic isotopes have been observed in only a few sample s where extensive and complex anal yses were carried out. The predominant alpha emitter present in re actor water is Cm-242 at an estimated concentration of 10 | |||
-6 µCi/g or less, which is below the maximum permissible concentration in drinking water applicable to continuous use by the general public. The concentration of alpha-emitting plutonium radioisotopes is more than 1 order of magnitude lower than that of Cm-242. Pl utonium-241 (a beta emitter) may also be present in concentrations co mparable to the Cm-242 level. | |||
()M R C h h++= | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-7 REV. 13 11.1.1.4 Nomenclature The following list of nomenclature defines the terms used in equations for source-term calculations: | |||
R g = leakage rate of a noble gas radioisotope (µCi/sec) R h = leakage rate of a halogen radioisotope (µCi/sec) y = fission yield of a radioisotope (atoms/fission) | |||
= decay constant of a radioisotope (sec | |||
-1) T = fuel irradiation time (sec) t = decay time following leakage from fuel (sec) m = noble radiogas decay constant exponent (dimensionless) n = radiohalogen decay constant exponent (dimensionless) | |||
K g = a constant establishing the level of noble radiogas leakage from fuel K h = a constant establishing the level of radiohalogen leakage from fuel C h = concentration of a halogen radioisotope in reactor (µCi/g) M = mass of water in the operating reactor (g) | |||
= cleanup system removal constant (sec | |||
-1) = cleanup system flow rate (g/sec) | |||
M = halogen steam carry-over removal constant (sec | |||
-1) = concentration of halogen radioisotope in steam (µCi/g) C h M (g/sec) flow steam x LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-8 REV. 13 11.1.2 Activation Products 11.1.2.1 Coolant Activation Products The coolant activation products are not adequately correlated by simple equations. | |||
Design-basis concentrations in reactor water and steam have been estimated conservatively from experience data. The resultant concentrations are presented in Table 11.1-4. | |||
11.1.2.2 Noncoolant Activation Products The activation products formed from the activation of solid suspension and dissolved impurities in the coolant or by corrosion of irradiated system materials are not adequately correlated by simple equations. The design-basis source terms of noncoolant activation products have been conservatively estimated from experience data. The resultant concentrations are pr esented in Table 11.1-5. Carry-over of these isotopes from reactor water to stea m is estimated to be <0.001 (fraction). | |||
11.1.3 Tritium | |||
In a BWR, tritium is produced by three principal reactions: | |||
: a. activation of naturally occurring deuterium in the primary coolant, b. nuclear fission of UO 2 fuel, and | |||
: c. neutron reactions with boron used in reactivity control rods. | |||
Release of the tritium formed in the contro l rods is believed to be negligible, since the boron is sealed in tubes. A prime source of tritium available for release from a BWR is from deuterium activation in the primary coolant. Some gaseous fission product tritium may also transfer from fuel to primary coolant. Several uncertainties are involved with estimating the amount of tritium generated in a | |||
BWR and available for release. | |||
All of the tritium produced by activation of deuterium in the primary coolant is available for release in liquid or gaseous effluents. The gross tritium formation in a BWR can be calculated using the equation: | |||
(11.1-8) where: P 10 x 7.3 v R 4 act= | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-9 REV. 13 R act = tritium formation rate by deuterium activation | |||
(µCi/sec/MWt) | |||
= macroscopic thermal neutron cross section (cm | |||
-1), = thermal neutron flux at power P (neutrons/cm 2-sec), V = coolant volume in core (cm 3), = tritium radioactive decay constant (1.78 x 10 | |||
-9 sec-1 ), and P = reactor power level (MWt). | |||
For recent BWR designs, R act is calculated to be 1.3 | |||
+/- 0.4 x10-4 µCi/sec/MWt. The indicated uncertainty is derived from estima tion errors in describing values for the core coolant volume, coolant density in the core, abundance of deuterium in light water (some additional deuterium will be present because of the H(,) D reaction), thermal neutron flux, and the microscopic cross section for deuterium. | |||
The fraction of fission-produced tritium which may transfer from the fuel to the coolant and then be available for release in liquid and gaseous effluents is much more difficult to estimate. However, because Zircaloy-clad fuel rods are used in BWR's, essentially all fission product tritiu m remains in the fuel rods unless defects are present in the cladding material (Reference 2). | |||
The 1968 study made at Dresden-1 by the U. | |||
S. Public Health Service suggests that essentially all of the tritium released fr om the plant can be accounted for by the deuterium activation source (Reference 3). For estimation purposes, the leakage of tritium from defective fuel can be assume d to be similar to the leakage of noble radiogases. Thus, an empirical relationship described as the "diffusion mixture" can be used to predict this source term (refer to Equation 11.1-2). The equation which describes this relationship is: | |||
where: (11.1-9) | |||
R dif = leakage rate of the radioisotope (µCi/sec), y = fission yield fraction, = radioactive decay constant (sec | |||
-1), and K = a constant related to total leakage rate. Ky R dif= | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-10 REV. 13 Based on a total noble radiogas source term of 10 5 µCi/sec after 30-minute decay, tritium leakage from fuel can be calculated to be about 0.24 | |||
µCi/sec. The conservatism of this value is evident fr om the USPHS study, where the observed rate of Kr-85 (which has a half-life similar to that of tr itium) was 0.06 to 0.4 times that calculated using this "diffusion mixture" relationship. This suggests that the actual tritium leakage rate might range from 0.015 to 0.10 | |||
µCi/sec. Since the annual average noble radiogas leakage from a BWR is expected to be less than 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes), the annual averag e tritium release rate from the fission source can be conservatively estimated at 0.12 | |||
+/- 0.12 µCi/sec, or 0.0 to 0.24 | |||
µCi/sec. For a 3293-MWt reactor, the estimated tota l tritium appearance rate in reactor coolant and release rate in the effluent is about 17.6 Ci/yr. | |||
11.1.4 Fuel Fission Product Inventory and Fuel Experience 11.1.4.1 Fuel Fission Product Inventory Fuel fission product inventory informatio n used in establishing fission product source terms for accident analysis is discussed in Chapter 15.0. | |||
11.1.4.2 Fuel Experience Fuel experience gained for BWR fuel, including failure experience, burnup | |||
experience, and thermal conditions under which the experience was gained, is available in three GE topical re ports (References 4, 5, and 6). | |||
11.1.5 Process Leakage Sources Process leakage results in potential release paths for noble gases and other volatile fission products via ventilation systems. Liquids from proces s leaks are normally collected and routed to the liquid-solid radwaste system. Radionuclide releases via ventilation paths are at extremely low levels and have been insignificant compared to process off-gas from operating BWR plants. However, the implementation of improved process off-gas treatment systems makes the ventilation release relatively greater. 11.1.6 Power Conversion System Source Terms The dominant radionuclide in BWR power conversion equipment is nitrogen-16 (N-16). Typical inventories in power conversion equipment are given in Table 2-12 of Reference 6. LSCS specific inventorie s are given in Tables 12.2-7 and 12.2-8. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-11 REV. 13 11.1.7 References | |||
: 1. F. J. Brutschy, "A Comparison of Fission Product Release Studies in Loops and VBWR," paper presented at the Tripartite Conference on Transport of Materials in Water Systems, Chalk River, Canada, February 1961. | |||
: 2. J. W. Ray, "Tritium in Power Reactors," Reactor and Fuel-Processing Technology , Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. | |||
19-26, Winter 1968-1969. | |||
: 3. B. Kahn et al., "Radiological Surveillance Studies at a Boiling Water Nuclear Power Reactor," BRH/DER 70-1, March 1970. | |||
: 4. H. E. Williamson and D. C. Ditm ore, "Current State of Knowledge of High Performance BWR Zircaloy Clad UO 2 Fuel," NEDO-10173, May 1970. | |||
: 5. H. E. Williamson and D. C. Ditmore, "Experience With BWR Fuel Through September 1971," NEDO-10505, May 1972. | |||
: 6. D. R. Rogers, "BWR Equipmen t N-16 Radiation Shielding Studies," NEDO-20206, December 1967. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-1 REV. 13 11.2 LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS The liquid radwaste system collects, monito rs, and treats all potentially radioactive liquid wastes produced by the station duri ng normal operation and maintenance, as well as transient conditions. | |||
11.2.1 Design Bases 11.2.1.1 Safety Design Basis The liquid radwaste system is designed so that liquid radwastes discharged from the site will have radioactivity concentrations well within limits specified in 10 CFR 20 and meet the design objectives of 10 CFR 50, Appendix I. | |||
Each liquid radwaste stream terminates in a sample tank. Since the liquid radwaste system operates on a batch basis, this arrangement allows each treated batch to be sampled when appropriate to assure that the treatment was effective. If the sample indicates that the waste needs further processing, it is recycled either through the same treatment or through a subsystem providing a higher degree of treatment. If the treated waste water is not needed for recycle, the water is sent to the discharge tank and held until a discharge batch is accumulated. Each batch is sampled to verify that its activity level is within limits for discharge. The actual discharge to the lake blowdown line requir es opening a keylock valve in accordance with written operating procedures, only after sampling. | |||
A system bypass allows connection to port able waste treatment equipment. This enables the efficient processing of liquid radwaste through the use of state of the art radwaste processing technology. | |||
11.2.1.2 Power-Generation Design Basis The liquid radwaste system is sized to handle expected liquid waste inputs on the basis of both volume and activity as th e result of normal operation, including anticipated abnormal occurrences. | |||
Unit 1 and Unit 2 have separate equipment and floor drain collection and process systems. This is to prevent mixing of the liquid wastes between units, if desired. The corresponding subsystems in each in dependent radwaste system are provided with extensive crossties to provide a high degree of radwaste system availability. | |||
The laundry and sludge subsystems are common to both units. | |||
The LaSalle County Station (LSCS) Unit s 1 and 2 liquid radwaste system is designed to permit maximum recycling of plant water, whose inventory is kept nearly constant at all times. The plant is designed to minimize noncontaminated inputs from leakage of service water, ci rculating water, and groundwater into the LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-2 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 plant floor drain system. Clean demineralized well water is used as makeup to the primary system or for decontamination work. Since it is not feasible to eliminate or separate all noncontaminated inputs to the liquid radwaste system, some processed liquid waste must be discharged to the Illin ois River from the plant. The discharge is mixed with the blowdown released to the Illinois River. | |||
11.2.1.3 Radioactive Releases Table 11.2-1 gives expected annual releases by nuclide. Table 11.2-1 is not intended to contain limits for the radionuclides or imply that all the listed radionuclides must be present in the given proportions. | |||
Table 11.2-2 gives expected doses to individuals at or beyond the site boundary. | |||
11.2.1.4 10 CFR 50 Comparison Table 11.2-2 compares the calculated radiol ogical doses from LSCS to the numerical design objectives of Appendix I to 10 CFR 50. | |||
It can be seen fr om this comparison that releases are significantly below the guideline levels. | |||
11.2.1.5 10 CFR 20 Comparison Table 11.2-1 compares typical maximum effluent concentrations with 10 CFR 20 limits. It can be seen from this compar ison that concentrations are significantly below the specific limits. | |||
11.2.1.6 Component Specifications | |||
Table 11.2-3 gives the design parameters of various radwaste system components. | |||
11.2.1.7 Anticipated Operating Conditions Certain "anticipated operational occurrences" are considered in this section. The liquid radwaste system is designed to meet the requirements of these conditions. | |||
Therefore, in normal operations, only a small fraction of the system design capacity is utilized at any one time. | |||
The following conditions define the design-basis "anticipated operational occurrences" for the liquid radwaste system: | |||
: a. initial startup (especially Unit 2 startup with Unit 1 operating), b. Unit 1 and Unit 2 shutdown, c. large fuel leak rates, d. maximum reactor coolant leak rate, LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-3 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 e. refueling and maintenance outages, and | |||
: f. unscheduled reactor trips. | |||
11.2.1.7.1 Initial Startup - Unit 1 (This information is historical) | |||
Various operations associated with the initial startup of a nuclear station can produce flow volumes in both the equipment drain and floor drain processing system of up to 100,000 gallons in a sing le day, with the highest 3-day average about 50,000 gallons per day at irregular in tervals over periods of 2 to 3 months. The volumes of waste water involved and the fact that much of it originates from sources outside the primary system makes it nearly impossible to maintain the station's water balance except by discha rging larger than normal volumes of processed waste. The design of the liquid radwaste systems allowed segregation of liquid wastes while Unit 1 was in startup and Unit 2 was still being constructed. | |||
The design features provided to meet these demands are discussed by subsystem in the following: | |||
: a. Equipment drain processing subsystem - Processing in this subsystem is provided by the waste filters (1,2WE01F) and | |||
waste demineralizers (1,2WE01D). | |||
Since in any "shakedown " period such as station startup, some equipment difficulties are almost inevitable, a major design assumption is that the liquid radwaste processing capacity may be limited to a 25% availability during this period. The design flow capacity of the filters and demineralizers is such that 25% of the daily throughput design capacity is sufficient to process a maximum day's collected liquid waste volume. The three waste sample tanks (1,2WE03T, 0WE01T) and the two discharge tanks (1,2WF05T) are crosstied to provide storage volume for 1 to 2 full days of process wastes. Th e storage helps to "smooth out" the station water inventory maintenance and allows for discharge at the minimum design release rate in the event that full lake blowdown water flow is not available for dilution. | |||
Under the processing condition described, the maximum design release rate is such that with dilution from the lake blowdown in the discharge flume, the radioactivity levels in the discharge flume meet the requirements of 10 CFR 20. | |||
: b. Floor drain processing subsystem - Normal design processing in this subsystem is by settling, ev aporation, and demineralization. At startup, substantial volumes of water of very low radio activity content may be generated by housekeeping activities. | |||
The floor drain concentrator packages(1WF01S, 2WF01S) normally receive steam from the main steam reboilers. If this is LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-4 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 not available, the steam would be from the electrode steam reboiler (60,000 lb/hr). This rate is sufficient to operate all three concentrators. The inputs to the two floor drain concentrator packages and the chemical waste concentrator package are crosstied to allow full utilization of the 33 1/3% availability of evaporation capacity. Volume retention capa city for 1 to 2 days' maximum inputs and the availability of increased throughput processing channels allow this system to handle anticipated 3-day to 4-day peak inputs. | |||
: c. Chemical waste processing subsystem - Frequent regeneration of condensate polishers occurs when at least one unit is operating. In this case, the steam supply can be drawn from the operating unit if | |||
two evaporators are sufficient to pr ocess floor drains and chemical wastes (i.e., a nuclear steam reboiler can supply steam for two of the three evaporators; if operation of all three evaporators is necessary, the electrode steam reboiler can be used). | |||
: d. Laundry waste processing subsystem - This system is sized to meet the volume and radioactivity levels generated during a refueling outage, 4 gpm. This is greater than is anticipated during the initial startup. e. Sludge subsystem - Sludge generation during startup can be variable, depending on filter and demineralizer performance as well as on initial water quality. The tanks in this subsystem have ample capacity for several days' accumulation at maximum backwash | |||
rates. 11.2.1.7.2 Unit 2 Initial Startu p - Unit 1 in Normal Operation (This information is historical) | |||
Meeting the demands of this situation places the most stringent requirements on the design of the liquid radwaste system. The following are the major differences between this case and initial startup: | |||
: a. The liquid radwaste system is pr ocessing contaminated wastes from Unit 1. b. Less volume retention capability is available to hold up surge volumes. c. Full auxiliary steam capacity is available to supply all three evaporators when needed. The el ectrode boilers act as a backup steam source. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-5 REV. 13 | |||
: d. Accumulated operating experience and maintenance lead to a somewhat higher availability fact or for processing equipment. | |||
: e. The design assumption availability factors for processing equipment are 66 2/3% of evaporat ion capacity and 50% of filter and demineralizer capacity. The discharge rate, with lake blowdown water flow available for dilution, should not place a limitation on liquid radwaste sy stem processing rates. The design collection volume capacity exclusively available for either Unit 1 or Unit 2 wastes is sufficient to hold 1 day's maximum accumulation of liquid wastes when processing at 25% of design flow rates. The display of tank level recorders on the liquid radwaste control panel allows the identification and segregation of waste batches. The scheduling of batch processing should not impair the operation of Unit 1. | |||
11.2.1.7.3 Normal Startup Following Any Shutdown The waste surge tanks (1WE02T, 2WE02T) are sized so that each accommodates one reactor hydrotest volume. It also accommodates the thermal expansion water when the unit is started up. | |||
11.2.1.7.4 Condenser Tube Leakage Original Design Basis | |||
Condenser tube leakage increases the dissolved solids content of the condensate, forcing frequent regeneration of the condensate polishers. At some magnitude of leakage, the polishers are no longer able to maintain feedwater quality, thus forcing a unit shutdown. Recovery from this situat ion requires the regeneration of all the condensate polishers at least once and perhaps twice. The liquid radwaste processing capacity is sufficient to assure that the treatment of the liquid radwaste produced by this situation will not extend the outage time required for repairs. The design capacity of the chemical waste subsystem is sufficient to process the volume of waste from the regeneration of four condensate polisher beds per day. The equipment drain subsystem is able to treat the backwash water from four regenerations per day without impairing the capacity to treat the normal flows from either the affected unit or the normally operating unit. Condenser tube leaks of lesser magnitude can occur without forcing a shutdown but can still cause a significant increase in regeneration frequency. The liquid radwaste system maintains the station water balance by the controlled discharge of treated wastes as previously described in Subsections 11.2.1.2 and 11.2.1.7. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-6 REV. 14, April 2002 Current Design Basis Condenser tube leakage increases the dissolved solids content of the condensate, quickly depleting the ion exchange capacity of the condensate polisher resin. At some magnitude of leakage, the polishers are no longer able to maintain feedwater or vessel water quality, thus forcing a unit shutdown. As a worst case, recovery may require the replacement of all the on-line condensate polisher resin beds. The capacity of the spent resin tank is sufficient to contain the volume of waste from the replacement of three condensate polisher beds. The equipment drain subsystem is able to treat the transfer water from resi n bed replacements without impairing the capacity to treat the normal flows from either the affected unit or the normally operating unit. The solid radwaste system is capable of processing 25% of the spent resin tank contents per day. Condenser tube leaks of lesser magnitude can occur without forcing a shutdown but can still cause a significant increase in resin replacement frequency. The liquid radwaste system maintains the station water balance by the controlled discharge of treated wastes as previously described in Subsections 11.2.1.2 and 11.2.1.7. | |||
The outlet of the resin bed is sampled to estimate ionic depletion. During the operating cycle, the remaining capacity of the resin is not determined; if needed the capacity can be calculated. | |||
11.2.1.7.5 Unit 1 and Unit 2 Shutdown When both units are shut down, there is no steam to operate the three evaporators and other liquid radwaste processing methods are used. | |||
11.2.1.7.6 Design Basis Fuel Leakage Under this condition, the liquid radwaste system operates with radioactivity levels at or near design basis. The reactor water cleanup system delivers sludge to the phase separators at a rate higher than no rmal. Unit 1 and Un it 2 phase separator tanks operate independently, receiving wastes from the respective Unit 1 and 2 RWCU systems. Frequent decanting of the phase separator serving the affected unit results in the delivery of liquid with higher than normal solids content to the waste collector tank, resulting in short filter and demineralizer runs. | |||
The waste filter and waste demineralizer are sized and arranged so that no more than one filter and one demineralizer are out of service for backwashing or regeneration/resin replacement at any time while Unit 1 or Unit 2 is in normal operation. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-7 REV. 13 11.2.1.7.7 Reactor Coolant Leakage The existence of reactor coolant leaks ca n result in the equipment drain tanks becoming nearly filled with water at reacto r coolant activity. Table 11.2-4 compares design-basis influent radioactivity concentration to reactor coolant activity. | |||
The equipment drain processing subsyste m is capable of decontaminating this activity to levels suitable for return to the cycled condensate storage tanks as specified in Subsection 11.2.3.1. | |||
11.2.1.7.8 Refueling and Maintenance Outages The condition given in Subsection 11.2.1.7.1 covers the major requirements for outages. The laundry processing subsystem was designed for a maximum load during refueling and maintenance outages and was designed to treat these loads to produce an effluent suitable for discharge as stated previously in Subsections 11.2.1.4 and 11.2.1.5. The site does not launder anti-contamination clothing any longer, significantly reducing the input to the system. | |||
11.2.1.7.9 Unscheduled Reactor Trips Reactor trips may produce an additional amount of water to the suppression pool. The equipment drain processing subsystem has sufficient capacity in all normal operating modes to process this volume within 1 day. | |||
11.2.1.8 Seismic Design and Quality Group | |||
The portion of the structure housing the liquid radwaste system which is below grade is Seismic Category I for the auxilia ry building, and Seismic Category II for the turbine building area. The turbine building walls below grade are part of the total structural shear wall system and are designed to withstand the effects of the OBE and SSE. All equipment (including ta nks, pumps, valves, and piping) of the liquid radwaste system containing radioactive wastes is classified as Quality Group D. | |||
11.2.1.9 Facility and Equipment Design The liquid radwaste system has been designed to minimize radiation exposure to operating personnel. Normal operations, maintenance, and nonroutine operations are discussed in the following from the viewpoint of design for ALARA exposures to personnel. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-8 REV. 13 11.2.1.9.1 Normal Operations The following steps have been taken to ensure that occupational exposures will be ALARA during normal operating situations: | |||
: a. Equipment operation for all liquid waste treatment systems is from the radwaste control room. | |||
This is a shielded room located in the solid radwaste building. | |||
: b. Tanks and equipment are located in shielded compartments with labyrinth entrances. | |||
: c. The sludge subsystem carries waste slurries which could settle into crud traps. Flushing of the sludge system equipment will be performed as tank capacities allow to minimize this buildup. | |||
: d. Piping carrying radioactive fluids is routed to avoid inadvertent exposures. Many pipe runs ar e within shielded pipe tunnels. | |||
: e. Tank overflows are hard-piped to adjacent sumps with two exceptions. Reactor water cleanup phase separator overflows are hard-piped to the reactor building equipment drain tanks and the concentrator waste tanks overflow to the URC Sludge Tank. f. The gases from the RWCU phase separator vents flow to its cubicle in the reactor building. For normal conditions this | |||
cubicle air supply discharges to th e station vent stack as part of the normal reactor building HVAC flow path. For abnormal conditions of high radioactivity levels in the RWCU cubicle, a normally closed valve is opened to connect this cubicle to the reactor building vent and purge system and then to the station vent stack. | |||
11.2.1.9.2 Maintenance Operations Equipment is arranged to separate sources of high exposure from sources of lower exposure. The evaporators, for example, have the process equipment separated from the pump skid by a shield wall to minimize exposure during pump maintenance. The instrument rack is located as far from the pump skid as possible to minimize exposure during instrument maintenance. | |||
Air-operated valves are located outside of compartments to minimize exposure from tanks or components duri ng valve maintenance. Pumps are provided with mechanical seals to minimize maintenance. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-9 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 In general, all components which may require maintenance are capable of being flushed prior to maintenance. | |||
11.2.1.9.3 Nonroutine Operations Compartments which contain tanks or equipment containing unprocessed waste, or waste being processed, have floor and wall coatings for ease of decontamination in case of spills. | |||
11.2.1.10 Tank Level Control Provisions have been made to preclude the uncontrolled spills to the building due to tank overflows. The following conditions pertain to all tanks outside the | |||
containment which potentially contain radioactive fluids: | |||
: a. Tank level instrumentation is provided on all tanks in the radwaste control room. A high-level condition on any tank will be annunciated. The only except ions to the above information are the concentrator waste tanks, the boil-out tank, and the filter aid tank since these tanks are no longer in service. | |||
: b. Tank overflows are hard piped to an adjacent sump with two exceptions. The Reactor Water Cleanup Phase Separator overflows are hard-piped to the reactor building equipment drain tanks. The concentrator waste tanks overflow to the URC Sludge Tank. All sumps are prov ided with duplex (redundant) pumps with the exception of th e Tendon Tunnel sumps. These sumps have only one pump. Sumps are level controlled and logic is provided to start and stop pumps automatically. | |||
: c. Concentrator waste tanks must be maintained at 140° F to 160° F. For this reason, piping is heat traced to prevent crystallization of the waste. If capacity for the concentrates is not available, the inputs are stopped. (The concentrator waste tanks are abandoned-in-place as is the associated heat trace circuits.) | |||
11.2.1.11 Prevention of Uncontrolled Releases The liquid radwaste system is the only flow path from a licensed unit to the environment for radioactive liquids during normal operations. The discharge tanks are the only flow path from the liquid radwaste system to the environment during normal operations. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-10 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 After processing of a batch of waste, it is transferred to respective sample tanks (e.g., waste sample tank, floor drain sample tank) before being transferred to the discharge tanks. In the discharge tanks it is again sampled for activity prior to discharge. All discharge must pass through a manual key-locked valve (0WF201 on Sheet 10 of Drawing No. M-103). Limit switches supply status information on valve position to the operator at the ra dwaste control panel. This valve is intentionally manual to prevent bypassing the key-lock feature from the control room. Processing and sampling of liquids resulting from Unit 2 construction activities will commence at the time of Unit 2 fuel load. | |||
11.2.2 System Description The liquid radwaste system consists of five major subsystems: (1) the waste processing subsystem, (2) the floor dr ain subsystem, (3) the chemical waste subsystem, (4) the laundry waste subsystem, and (5) the sludge subsystem. Liquid radwaste diagrams are sh own in Drawing No. M-103. | |||
Design-basis concentrations of radioactive nuclides in the input waste streams to the various liquid waste subsystems are liste d by nuclide in Table 11.2-4. Expected inventories of radioactive nuclides in major liquid waste system components are | |||
tabulated in Table 11.2-5. Maximum and expected inputs to liquid radwaste systems are shown in Table 11.2-6. As noted, input to equipment drains has been assumed to be design basis reactor coolant activity; floor drains have been assumed to be 0.31 times reactor coolant activity. As a result of this conservative assumption, short-lived radionuclides appe ar in collection tanks but they quickly decay. | |||
Table 11.2-7 lists the design-basis proce ss decontamination factors used in the analysis. The system is assumed to be operating continuously; no credit for radioactive decay is taken for holdup in tanks, for example, while waiting for a demineralizer to be made av ailable for batch processing. | |||
The design-basis input source terms to the various streams are based on the distribution of isotopes in reactor coolan t and steam as descri bed in Section 11.1. | |||
The liquid radwaste system is designed to recycle as much processed liquid waste as can be accommodated within the station water balance. | |||
Equipment drains are processed through the waste-processing system by filtration and demineralization. The flow is then normally routed to the cycled condensate storage tanks for reuse in the station. | |||
Radioactive floor drains are treated by demineralization. After sampling, it is normally sent to the cycled condensate storage tanks for reuse. The Floor drain system is cross-tied to the Equipment drain system to provide backup processing capability should the LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-11 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 vendor processing unit be unavailable. The valve on the cross-tie is administratively controlled to ensure proper routing of floor drain water. | |||
Laundry wastes are treated by filtration and may be discharged after sampling. | |||
Optional paths after treatment in addition to the discharge tank are to the chemical waste collector tank, or the laundry collector tank depending on water quality in the laundry sample tank (Drawing No. M-103). | |||
Design-basis quantities of waste to be treated and released from the station are processed through the chemical waste subsystem by demineralization. This waste originally consisted of primarily regenerant chemicals from the regeneration of the condensate and radwaste polishers. Regene rant waste is no longer generated. The operating procedures define the conditions under which water can be transferred from any sample tank to the disc harge tanks (Subsection 11.2.2.6). | |||
Equipment redundancy and capacities, together with crossties among subsystems, provide flexibility for the liquid radwaste system to accommodate a wide variety of extreme station operating conditions as discussed in Subsection 11.2.1.7. | |||
The design of the processing systems for liquid wastes assumes that they will be discharged, although normally they will be returned to the station for reuse via the two cycled condensate storage tanks. This assures that the processing systems will always be capable of meeting environmental discharge standards. | |||
11.2.2.1 Waste Processing Subsystem This subsystem collects and processes high purity (low conductivity) sources such as equipment drains. This water is treated by settling, filtration, and demineralization. After appropriate sampling it is returned for station reuse through the cycled condensate storage tanks. | |||
Input sources to the waste processing subsystem include the following: | |||
: a. equipment drain sumps, b. condensate demineralizer backwash, c. reactor water cleanup (RWCU) phase separator decantate, d. fuel pool system decantate, e. ultrasonic resin cleaner (URC) backwash, f. radwaste demineralizer backwash, and LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-12 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 | |||
: g. suppression pool drains. | |||
Two waste-processing streams are provided, one each for Unit 1 and Unit 2, with cross-ties for system redundancy. | |||
Two waste collector tanks, each having a capacity of 30,000 gallons, take regular inputs from the Unit 1 and Unit 2 equipment drain systems. These tanks are sized to hold 1 day's accumulation of wastes. Prior to processing, approximately 500 gallons of tank "bottoms" may be pumped to the URC sludge tank via the waste flocculation tank to remove settled solids and minimize downstream filter loading. The contents of the tank are then recirculated to assure complete mixing; at this point a composite sample can be drawn from the recirculation line. The tank contents can be pumped through the waste filters and demineralizers or transferred to the chemical waste system for treatment. | |||
Two waste surge tanks, each having a capacity of 50,000 gallons, take infrequent inputs from Unit 1 and 2 waste collector tank overflows, from reactor water cleanup, and from cycled condensate storage tanks. Their operation is similar to that described above for the waste collector tanks. | |||
Two waste flocculation tanks are provided to process the ultrasonic resin cleaner (URC) backwashes. Each backwash produces approximately 6,000 gallons of washwater at 200 ppm to 500 ppm suspended solids and each condensate polisher is URC cleaned approximately once a week. Pr ovision is made for the addition of a chemical flocculant to the tanks. This destabilizes the suspension, resulting in the formation of larger particles which settle out. The decantate is processed through the waste filter and demineralizer and th e solids are pumped to the URC sludge tank. (Note the chemical floccula nt system is abandoned in place.) | |||
The two waste filters remove suspended solid s prior to demineralization in order to extend the useful ion exchange life of the demineralizer resins. The Unit 1 filter contains precoatable filter elements. The Un it 2 filter contains either precoatable or non-precoatable filter elements. Precoat material is applied to the precoatable elements, and when depleted, as indicated by effluent conductivity or filter differential pressure, the elements are backwashed. Both the used precoat material and the material filtered out of the water is routed to the waste sludge tank. No precoat material is added onto the non-precoatable elements. As necessary, the elements are backwashed, and only the materi al filtered out of the water is routed to the waste sludge tank. A handswitch located on a Radwaste Control Room panel controls whether the logic applied to filter manipulations includes Precoat applications. The processed effluent from these filters is directed to the input of the waste demineralizers. Demineralizer infl uent can be processed separately via a once through single demin line-up, or in series via a once through, two demin line-up. Effluent from the demineralizers is routed to one of the three waste sample LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-13 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 tanks, each of which has a capacity of 30,000 gallons. Conductivity instrumentation is provided to allow its performance to be monitored in the radwaste control room. This monitor will automatically divert an off-standard (high conductivity) batch back to the waste collector tanks for reprocessing. | |||
If the water in the sample tanks is found to be of suitable quality for reuse, it is pumped to the cycled condensate storage ta nks. When it is necessary to discharge treated wastes from the station, the contents of any of the waste sample tanks may be transferred to the discharge tanks for subsequent sampling and release. | |||
The Unit 2 Floor drain collector pump disc harge line is cross-tied to the equipment drain system by way of the Unit 2 Waste Surge tank to provide backup processing capability should the vendor processing unit be unavailable. The valve on the cross-tie line is administratively controlled to ensure proper routing of floor drain water. | |||
11.2.2.2 Floor Drain Processing Subsystem This subsystem collects and processes low purity (high conductivity) waste from the Unit 1 and Unit 2 floor drain systems. Th ese are normally too high in conductivity for effective ion exchange treatment and may also be high in suspended solids. Note: A system bypass allows connection to portable waste treatment equipment. | |||
This enables the efficient processing of liquid radwaste through the use of state of the art radwaste processing technology. This technology may utilize ion exchange resins. They are treated by ion exchange for return to the condensate storage tank or discharge after appropriate sampling. | |||
Input sources to this subsystem include the following: | |||
: a. reactor building floor drains (off-gas filter building floor drains), b. turbine building floor drains, and | |||
: c. auxiliary building floor drains. | |||
A provision is made for input from Chem ical Waste Processing Subsystem to be transferred to the Floor Processing Subsystem. These wastes are collected in the two floor drain collector tanks, each of which has a capacity of 25,000 gallons. The operation of the floor drain collector tanks is the same as described for the waste collector tanks in Subsection 11.2.2.1. | |||
The Unit 2 Floor drain collector pump disc harge line is cross-tied to the equipment drain system by way of the Unit 2 Waste Surge tank to provide backup processing capability should the vendor processing unit be unavailable. The LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-14 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 valve on the cross-tie line is administratively controlled to ensure proper routing of floor drain water. | |||
The floor drain concentrator feed tanks (25,000 gallon capacity each) take input from the floor drain collector tanks and serve to condition these wastes for subsequent treatment. This conditioning is primarily caustic addition for pH control. The floor drain concentrator units are abandoned-in-place. Historically, the evaporators provide a condensed distilla te which is substantially free of radioactivity and dissolved solids; they al so concentrate the residual wastes for delivery to the concentrator waste tanks. The condensed distillate is pumped to the floor drain head tanks (5,000-gallon capacity) for sampling and verification of | |||
concentrator performance. | |||
The evaporator distillate is then pumped to the floor drain sample tanks (25,000 gallon capacity). The floor drain sample tanks are sampled to verify the water quality is suitable for further processing via the equipment waste processing system. The floor drain sample tank is th en pumped to the waste collector tank and processed in the equipment drain system as described in Subsection 11.2.2.1. | |||
Although more costly, the evaporator dist illate can be processe d through the floor drain demineralizer as opposed to being pumped from the evaporator head tank directly to the floor drain sample tank. The floor drain demineralizer effluent is routed to the floor drain concentrator sample tanks (25,000-gallon capacity). The demineralizer resins are not regenerated bu t are disposed of via the solid radwaste system when exhausted. The floor drai n concentrator sample tanks provide for sampling of processed liquid waste to ensure that criteria for reuse or discharge are met. Conductivity instrumentation is provided with automatic return to the collector tank on high conductivity. | |||
Piping, electrical, and instrumentation & control systems exist to process floor drain water to a vendor skid. The system oper ation is the same as described for the chemical waste system in Subsection 11.2.2.3. | |||
11.2.2.3 Chemical Waste Subsystem This subsystem processes the highest conductivity water in the liquid radwaste system. Input sources to this system include the following: | |||
: a. radwaste demineralizer regenerants (no longer created), b. decontamination drains, LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-15 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 | |||
: c. laboratory drains, d. radwaste building sump, e. spent resin tank decantate, f. waste sludge tank decantate, and | |||
: g. URC sludge tank decantate. | |||
A provision is made for input from Radwaste Floor Drain processing subsystem to be transferred to the Chemical Waste System. These wastes are potentially high in radioactivity and conductivity; they may also be high in suspended solids, including some resin fines. Processing of these wast es is by chemical neutralization, and ion exchange demineralization. | |||
Processing through evaporators (Abandoned-in place) | |||
Wastes will usually be held in one of two chemical waste collector tanks (36,000-gallon capacity each). Sufficient surge capacity is provided to allow for variations in this cycle. Each collector tank is provided with a re circulation line and a 400-gpm pump to mix and transfer wastes to the chemical waste process tanks (25,000-gallon capacity each). Here the wastes are chem ically neutralized for subsequent feed at 30 gpm to the chemical waste evaporator. | |||
One evaporator is provided to process effluent from both chemical waste processing tanks; however, it is crosstied with the floor drain concentrator units to provide additional evaporator capability if required. Chemical waste concentrator operation is identical to that of the floor drain concentrator described in Subsection 11.2.2.2. Evaporator concentrates are discharged to the concentrator waste tanks for transfer to the solid waste handling system. The condensed distillate is pumped to the chemical waste head tank. This tank has a capacity of 5,000 gallons and is fitted with two 75-gpm pumps connected in parallel to provide for recirculation and discharge. After verification of evaporator performance, the distillate is pumped to the chemical waste demineralizer, whose function and operation are identical to those of the floor drain demineralizers described in Subsection 11.2.2.2. This demineralizer is crosstied with the floor drain demineralizers to ensure sufficient demineralizer capability during abnormal surges of waste. Demineralizer effluent is discharged to the waste sample tanks for subsequent transfer to either the cycled condensate storage tanks or discharge tanks. | |||
Capability exists to bypass the abandoned-in-place evaporators and process through a vendor system utilizing state-of-the-art technology. Processed water from the vendor system is routed to the floor drain head tank or collector tank dependent on water quality. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-16 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 11.2.2.4 Laundry Waste Subsystem This subsystem was designed to collect , process, and discharge laundry waste resulting from the washing of radioactive laundry, or other soapy, high organic wastes. The anti-contamination clothing used by the site is laundered by a vendor, thereby reducing the inputs to the system and the volume of waste created. | |||
The treatment of this low radioactivity waste is by filtration. Depending on water quality in the laundry sample tank, the water is sent to the discharge tank, the chemical waste collector tank, or the laundry collector tank. | |||
The use of filtration for low radioactivity waste is considered sufficient effort at reducing radioactive discharges to ALARA. | |||
11.2.2.5 Sludge Subsystem Liquid radwaste processing is designed to remove radioactive contaminants from waste liquids and to affix them on solids or concentrates, hold them for decay of radioactivity, and transfer them to the solid radwaste system for processing, temporary storage at the station, and shipment from the station. | |||
The sludge subsystem, unlike those previously described, does not comprise a processing stream. It consists of a group of tanks and associated pumps which serve as an interface between the liquid radwaste system and the solid radwaste handling system. These tanks provide inte rmediate storage for slurries produced by radwaste decontamination equipment or other radioactive water cleanup systems. Most of these tanks provide settling capability for separation of liquid and solid wastes. Some also provide holdup for radioactive decay, while others (concentrator waste tanks) only provide batch accumulation and storage before transfer to the solid radwaste handling system. The following are the five major components of the sludge subsystem with their respective capacities: | |||
NUMBER PROVIDED COMPONENT CAPACITY EACH (GAL) 1 Spent resin tank 15,000 1 Waste sludge tank 15,000 1 URC sludge tank 15,000 4 RWCU phase separators 6,900 2 Concentrator waste tanks | |||
* 5,000 | |||
* abandoned-in-place Each tank in the sludge subsystem is provided with a means of recirculation to assure complete mixing of tank contents prior to and during discharge. Associated pumps and valves are operated from the liquid/solid radwaste interface panel LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-17 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 adjacent to the solid radwaste system control panel. Both panels may be attended by one operator. | |||
11.2.2.5.1 Spent Resin Tank The spent resin tank receives exhausted ion exchange bead resins and charcoal discarded from the condensate polishing de mineralizers, waste demineralizers, floor drain demineralizers, and chemical waste demineralizer. Resin/charcoal is allowed to settle in this tank, and excess sluicing water is drawn off from a decant port and pumped to a chemical waste collector tank. Settled resin/charcoal is discharged in batches to the solid radwaste handling system after appropriate recirculation. | |||
The spent resin tank decant pump has a capacity of 76 gpm. Two progressive cavity type spent resin sludge pumps are connected in parallel, each having a capacity of 50 gpm. All valves in slurry-handling lines are plug type to preclude valve closure impairment due to the presence of solids in the fluid streams. | |||
11.2.2.5.2 Waste Sludge Tank The waste sludge tank, located below the waste collector filters, receives backwash from these filters and the fuel pool filter-demineralizers, as well as inputs from the various collector, surge, processing, or feed tank bottoms previously described. | |||
The waste sludge tank decant pump is capable of discharging decantate at 60 gpm to the chemical waste collector tanks. Re circulation is provided by a mechanical mixer. Backflush capability is provided by the CY system. Two waste sludge pumps connected in parallel provide transportation of sludges to the solid radwaste handling system. The waste sludge tank comp onent design is similar to that of the spent resin tank described in Subsection 11.2.2.5.1. | |||
11.2.2.5.3 URC Sludge Tank The URC sludge tank receives concentrated solids from the ultrasonic resin cleaner (URC) backwashes via the waste flocculation tanks described in Su bsection 11.2.2.1. | |||
The URC sludge tank receives condensa te prefilter backwash, the radwaste building floor drains (with the exception of the 710'-0" floor drains which go to the solid radwaste building floor drain sump) and the contents of the Concentrator Waste Tanks as described in Subsection 11.2.2.5.5. These are irregular inputs and of variable radioactivity. | |||
The URC sludge decantate pump is capabl e of discharging decantate at 60 gpm to the chemical waste collector tank. Two URC sludge pumps connected in parallel, each having a capacity of 400 gpm, provide backflushing and recirculation. | |||
Backflush capability may also be provided by the CY system. Recirculation is also provided by a mechanical mixer. Two additional URC sludge pumps connected in parallel provide LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-18 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 transportation of sludges to the solid radwaste handling system. The design is similar to that of the spent resin tank des cribed in Subsection 11. | |||
2.2.5.1. Provision is made for adjusting the chemical properties of the tank. | |||
11.2.2.5.4 RWCU Phase Separator Tanks | |||
The four RWCU phase separator tanks collect, settle, and hold for decay sludge from the reactor water cleanup (RWCU) filter-demineralizer backwash. Backwash is discharged to the RWCU phase separator tanks in batches, about once a week per filter demineralizer. The solid phase of this waste constitutes the highest potential radioactivity level of the wastes regularly produced at the station. Two phase separators are provided for each unit so that one phase separator can collect inputs from that unit for a period of approximately 60 days while the other phase separator is quiescent, allowing the accumulated sludge to decay prior to its transfer to the solid radwaste handling system. As sludge is accumulated, excess liquid is decanted regularly and discharged to a waste collector tank. | |||
Each phase separator is fitted with a phase separator sludge pump through which accumulated sludges are discharged to the solid radwaste handling system. Each of these centrifugal pumps has a capacity of 50 gpm. All valves in the sludge-handling lines are plug type or such other design as to preclude valve closure impairment due to the presence of solids in the fluid stream. | |||
11.2.2.5.5 Concentrator Waste Tanks (The concentrator waste tanks are abandoned-in-place, and the following information is historical.) | |||
The two concentrator waste tanks were designed to rece ive concentrates from the floor drain and chemical waste concentrator packages. The tanks and all associated process lines are heat traced to preclude crystallization of these highly concentrated solutions. Each tank is fitted with a 50-gpm concentrator waste pump through which tank contents were designed to be discharged to the solid radwaste handling system. If solids concentration in the tanks is too low, or as needed to facilitate maintenance, the tank contents may be transferred to the URC Sludge Tank. | |||
The air supply to the inlet valves to the concentrator waste tanks has been disconnected, ensuring the valves remain closed. The valves may be opened under administrative control to allow batching of evaporator concentrate provided level monitoring is established. | |||
11.2.2.6 Operating Procedures | |||
All inputs to the major subsystem collector tanks are thoroughly mixed so that appropriate treatment for each batch may be determined. Any batch intended for release from a licensed unit will be sampled for total activity at the discharge tanks. | |||
If the discharge tank sample indicates the contents are suitable for discharge, a pumpout rate will be determined based upon dilution required as well as diluent LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-19 REV. 18, APRIL 2010 lake blowdown available. The discharge flow rate is adjusted according to the blowdown flow rate. Administrative controls are exercised to ensure that the discharge valves are not opened until suit able conditions have been met. The activity in the Radwaste Discharge pipe is monitored continuously during release. Instrumentation is provided to close the discharge valve automatically upon measure of high activity. Further discussion of discharge can be found in | |||
Subsection 11.2.1.11. | |||
11.2.2.7 Performance Tests All batches of liquid wastes may be monitore d before and after each processing step. The equipment is therefore subjected to continuous performance testing under station operating conditions. | |||
Since data on specific isotope removal efficiencies are not conclusive, this system is designed to use conservative overall decontamination factors based on currently available equipment specifications now being incorporated into the design of similar power plant systems. | |||
Through system crossties, redundancy of equipment, and excess storage capacity, ample provision has been made for equipment maintenance and for recycling inadequately processed wastes, if required. | |||
11.2.2.8 Control and Instrumentation The liquid radwaste system is primarily controlled and monitored from the liquid radwaste control panel (LRCP) located in the radwaste control room. Radwaste filter, radwaste demineralizer, waste conc entrators, laundry RO , (no longer used) liquid/solid radwaste interface, and solid radwaste handling control panels are also located in the control room. | |||
Operation of the liquid radwaste system is started or stopped manually or stopped automatically. A few subsystem operations are provided with automatic sequencing. (See Subsection 7.7.11 for a further description.) Instrumentation on system tanks includes as a minimum a high level detector for LRCP annunciation, a low level detector for pump cutoff, and LRCP level recording. The only exceptions to the above information are the concentrator waste tanks and the filter aid tank. | |||
Since these tanks are no longer in service, the high and low tank level alarms for these tanks have been defeated. Tanks containing waste sludges have an additional level detector to monitor the water/sludge interface for interlocking tank discharge valves and decant pump cutoff. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-20 REV. 14, April 2002 The LRCP is laid out in a logical fashion, with control switches for pump and valve operation and level recorders grouped in subsystem fashion under the appropriate section of a semigraphic display. Annuncia tors are located above the semigraphic, with the respective window lights in the vicinity of the monitored device. | |||
Each valve hand switch has full open and full closed indicator lights. During the opening or closing of a valve, both lights are illuminated until the open or closed extreme is reached. In the open or clos ed position, the red or green light will be illuminated. All pump hand switches are provided with a third light to indicate automatic trip of the pump. Alternate pumps may then be controlled from the board for pumping tanks after correct valv e alignment has been obtained by hand-switch operation. Each operating pump and each valve not fully closed is indicated in the semigraphic display by a red light. | |||
The Radwaste Discharge line is continuously monitored for gross radioactivity by a monitor of the process radiation monitoring system (see Subsection 7.7.14.3). In case of radioactivity levels higher than a preset level, the discharge is automatically stopped, and simultaneous annunciation occurs in the main contro l room and on the LRCP. | |||
Tank level control is discus sed in Subsection 11.2.1.10. | |||
11.2.3 Radioactive Releases 11.2.3.1 Criteria for Recycling Liquid waste processing results in two streams, a product stream and a reject stream. In all cases the reject, or dirty, stream is processed for disposal in the solid radwaste system. The product, or clean, stream is return ed to the primary cycle via the cycled condensate return tanks providing the water quality is acceptable and the plant has a makeup water requirement. New or nonradioactive water addition to the system would result in a discharge of radioactive water of equal volume (con- sidering the plant radioactive water inventory as a "control volume"). | |||
11.2.3.2 Release Assumptions The expected annual release of 0.051 Ci/yea r per reactor was the result of several assumptions. To assure a conservative approach, it was assumed that all chemical waste would be discharged after treatm ent. This was primarily regenerant chemicals from the condensate and radwaste demineralizers. (Note that bead resin is no longer regenerated.) | |||
The following information is taken from the equipment vendor: | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-21 REV. 14, April 2002 a. condensate demineralizers: (note the resin is no longer regenerated) | |||
: 1. 14 condensate polishers (7 per unit); 2. 60-day regeneration cycle; 3. 12,400 gallons of chemical regenerants at 2% solids by weight; and 4. 20,000 gallons of low conductivity backwash (to equipment drains, not to chemical waste). | |||
: b. radwaste demineralizers: (note the resin is no longer regenerated) | |||
: 1. two demineralizers (1 per unit); 2. 7-day regeneration cycle; 3. 12,400 gallons chemical regenerants/cycle; and 4. 20,000 gallons of low conductivity backwash per cycle (to equipment drains, not to chemical waste). | |||
Evaporator and demineralizer decontamination factors (DF's) are presented in | |||
Table 11.2-7. | |||
11.2.3.3 Total Releases - Comp arison with 10 CFR 20 Limits Calculated annual releases of radionuclides are given in Table 11.2-1. Liquid waste is discharged into the cooling lake blowdown line; the resulting mixture of liquid radwaste and cooling lake blowdown is subsequently discharged into the Illinois River as shown in Drawing No. M-2. The cooling lake blowdown flow ranges to a maximum of 81,000 gpm depending on coolin g lake conditions. The average lake blowdown on an annual basis is 30,000 gpm. | |||
Liquid radwaste di scharge rate ranges from 30 gpm to a calculated maximum of 90 gpm. Table 11.2-1 lists effluent concentrations prior to discharge in the river after dilution based on 90 gpm radwaste discharge and 30,000 gpm lake blowdown. These are well below 10 CFR 20 Table II, Column 2 limits also listed in Table 11.2-1. | |||
11.2.3.4 Radiological Dose Assessment - Comparison wi th Appendix I Guidelines Expected annual average radiological doses associated with radi onuclides released in liquid effluents have been estimated for areas beyond the restricted area boundary. The annual releases given in Table 11.2-1 were assumed for calculation LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-22 REV. 13 of the average annual doses. Other assu mptions are listed in Table 11.2-8. The resulting annual doses are listed in T able 11.2-2 and are well below the design objectives of Appendix I to 10 CFR 50. | |||
An alternate calculation of releases and dose assessment was made to demonstrate compliance to Appendix I and submitted to the NRC for review (Reference 1). This submittal, as requested by the NRC, ut ilized assumptions of Reference 2 and the BWR-GALE code. There are some differences between the UFSAR and the Reference 1 transmittal due to the following: a. Differences in initial coolant activities. (The present analysis used design basis coolant activities; Re ference 1 utilized Reference 2 and draft ANS standard data.) b. Differences in analytic modeling of the radwaste system. (The BWR-GALE code utilized in Reference 1 is limited to three process streams. The user must input single "effective" holdup times and total decontamination factors descriptiv e of the complete system. The present analysis considered all of the separate processing paths and separate equipment. The present modeling is considered to be much more representative of the LSCS liquid radwaste system.) c. Differences in discharge fraction. (The present analysis assumed 100% | |||
discharge of the chemical waste stream and 100% recycle of the remaining streams: Reference 1 assumed 1% discharge of the high purity stream and 10% discharge of all other streams.) d. Additional release to account for "anticipated operational occurrences." (Reference 1 included an additional 0.15 Ci/year release to account for anticipated operational occurrences as per the guidance of Section 2.2.20.1 of Reference 2. It should be noted that before the additional 0.15 Ci/year is added, the total curie release reported in Table 11.2-1 is similar to that of Reference 2 in spite of the differences in the assumptions.) | |||
The doses calculated using the NRC models and reported in Reference 1 are also below the design objectives of Appendix I to 10 CFR 50. | |||
11.2.4 References | |||
: 1. "Information Relevant to Keeping Levels of Radioactivity in Effluents to Unrestricted Areas as Low as Reasonably Achievable" (filed in accordance with Section V.B. of 10 CFR 50, Appendix I), LaSalle County Station, Units 1 and 2, June 4, 1976. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-23 REV. 13 2. "Calculation of Releases of Radioactive Materials in Gaseous and Liquid Effluents from Boiling Water Reac tors (BWR-GALE Code)," NUREG-0016, April 1976. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-1 (Sheet 1 of 2) TABLE 11.2-1 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 EXPECTED RELEASES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS FROM NORMAL OPERATIONS AND OPERATIONAL OCCURRENCES COMPARED TO 10 CFR 20 LIMITS (f) | |||
NUCLIDE ANNUAL DISCHARGE NORMAL OPERATIONS (Ci/yr PER REACTOR) (a) | |||
* CONCENTRATION IN BLOWDOWN LINE BASED ON 30,000 gpm LAKE BLOWDOWN (µCi/cm 3) MAX PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION | |||
(µCi/cm 3 ) (b) NA 24 7.4-07 (c) 1.4-123-05 P 32 3.5-07 6.4-132-05 CR 51 3.5-04 6.4-102-03 MN 54 5.2-05 9.1-111-04 MN 56 7.0-06 1.3-111-04 CO 58 5.2-03 9.2-099-05 FE 59 7.2-05 1.3-105-05 CO 60 6.9-04 1.3-093-05 NI 65 5.1-08 7.6-141-04 ZN 65 1.0-07 1.9-131-04 ZN 69M 9.5-09 1.7-146-05 ZN 69 1.0-08 1.9-142-03 BR 83 1.4-06 2.6-123-06 BR 84 2.4-08 4.4-14 (d) BR 85 4.8-12 8.8-18 (d) SR 89 1.2-04 2.2-103-06 Y 89M 1.2-08 2.2-14 (d) SR 90 1.3-05 2.4-113-07 Y 90 1.2-05 2.2-112-05 SR 91 1.1-05 2.0-115-05 Y 91 1.9-05 1.3-103-05 SR 92 7.1-07 1.3-126-05 Y 92 2.6-06 4.8-126-05 ZR 95 4.1-05 7.4-116-05 NB 95M 7.7-07 1.4-123-06 NB 95 5.2-05 9.6-111-04 ZR 97 3.7-07 6.8-132-05 NB 97M 3.7-07 6.8-13 (e) NB 97 3.9-07 4.2-139-04 MO 99 1.7-03 3.0-094-05 TC 99M 1.0-03 1.9-093-03 TC 99 7.6-11 1.4-162-04 TC 101 4.5-10 8.4-16 (d) RU 103 1.6-05 3.0-118-05 RH 103M 1.6-05 3.0-111-03 RU 106 3.4-06 6.2-121-05 RH 106 3.4-06 6.2-12 (e) AG 110M 7.7-05 1.4-103-05 AG 110 1.0-06 1.8-12 (d) TE 129M 1.3-06 2.4-122-05 TE 129 8.1-07 1.5-128-04 I 129 5.1-14 9.4-208-04 | |||
* Notes a, b, c, d, and e, and f are found on the last page of this table. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-1 (Sheet 2 of 2) TABLE 11.2-1 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 | |||
NUCLIDE ANNUAL DISCHARGE NORMAL OPERATIONS (Ci/yr PER REACTOR) (a) CONCENTRATION IN BLOWDOWN LINE BASED ON 30,000 gpm LAKE BLOWDOWN | |||
(µCi/cm 3) MAX PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION | |||
(µCi/cm 3 ) (b) I 131 2.6-02 4.8-08 3-07 TE 132 1.8-04 3.2-10 2-05 I 132 3.4-04 6.2-10 8-06 I 133 1.1-02 2.0-08 1-06 I 134 9.9-06 1.8-11 2-05 CS 134 7.8-05 1.4-10 9-06 I 135 1.9-03 3.4-09 4-06 CS 136 1.6-05 2.8-11 6-05 CS 137 1.2-04 2.2-10 2-05 BA 137M 1.1-04 2.0-10 (d) CS 138 7.9-08 1.5-13 (d) BA 139 1.4-07 2.6-13 (d) BA 140 1.4-04 2.6-10 2-05 LA 140 1.5-04 2.6-10 2-05 BA 141 1.2-09 2.2-15 (e) LA 141 2.6-07 4.6-13 2-05 CE 141 1.3-04 2.4-10 9-05 BA 142 2.5-10 4.4-16 (d) LA 142 2.7-08 5.0-14 (d) CE 143 1.1-06 2.0-12 4-05 PR 143 1.7-05 3.2-11 5-05 CE 144 4.5-05 8.2-11 1-05 PR 144 4.5-05 8.2-11 (d) ND 147 4.8-06 8.8-12 6-05 PM 147 1.7-07 3.0-13 2-04 W 187 5.9-05 1.1-10 6-05 NP 239 6.0-04 1.1-9 1-04 TOTALS 5.1-02 9.2-08 H-3 8.2-00(e) 1.5-05(e) 3-03 (a) Based on assumptions given in Subsection 11.2.3.2. (b) From 10 CFR 20, Table II, Column 2. (c) 7.4-07 means 7.4 x 10-7. (d) Half-life less than 2 hours. (e) At equilibrium. (f) Table 11.2-1 is not intended to contain limits for the radionuclides or imply that all the listed radionuclides must be present in the given proportions. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-2 TABLE 11.2-2 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 RADIOLOGICAL DOSE TO INDIVIDUAL AT OR BEYOND THE SITE BOUNDARY | |||
* ANNUAL DOSES, mrem/yr PER UNIT ORGAN: TOTAL BODY SKIN GI-LLI THYROID BONE APPENDIX I, 10 CFR 50 DESIGN OBJECTIVE 3 10 10 10 10 ANNUAL DOSE AT LSCS DUE TO: Drinking water 5.4 x 10 6.1 x 10 | |||
-5 2.6 x 10-3 8.3 x 10-6 Eating fish 6.6 x 10 9.3 x 10 | |||
-4 1.4 x 10-2 5.4 x 10-4 Shoreline activities 1.5 x 10 | |||
-5 1.8 x 10-5 1.5 x 10-5 1.5 x 10-5 1.5 x 10-5 Swimming 1.1 x 10 | |||
-6 1.5 x 10-6 1.1 x 10-6 1.1 x 10-6 1.1 x 10-6 Boating 2.6 x 10 | |||
-6 3.5 x 10-6 2.6 x 10-6 2.6 x 10-6 2.6 x 10-6 | |||
* Principal assumptions are listed in Table 11.2-8. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-3 (Sheet 1 of 2) TABLE 11.2-3 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 LIQUID RADWASTE SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND DESIGN PARAMETERS I. TANKS NUMBER DESCRIPTION CAPACITY (gal) 2 Waste collector (1WEO1T, 2WEO1T) 30,000 2 Waste surge (1WEO2T, 2WEO2T) 50,000 3 Waste sample (1, 2WEO3T, OWEO1T) 30,000 2 Discharge (1, 2WFO5T) 25,000 2 Floor drain collector (1WFO1T, 2WFO1T) 25,000 2 Waste flocculation (1WEO4T, 2WEO4T) 25,000 4 Floor drain concentrator feed (1WFO3TA, B; 2WFO3TA, B) 25,000 2 Floor drain head (1WFO4T, 2WFO4T) 5,000 2 Chemical waste collector (1WZO1T, 2WZO1T) 36,000 2 Chemical waste processing (1WZO2T, 2WZO2T) 25,000 1 Chemical waste head (OWZO1T) | |||
* 5,000 2 Laundry drain collector (OWYO1TA, B)* 1,000 1 Laundry sample (OWYO2T)* 1,000 4 Phase separator (1, 2WXO1TA, B) 6,900 2 Concentrated waste (OWXO7TA, B)* (abandoned-in-place) 5,000 1 Spent resin (OWXO3T)* 15,000 1 Waste sludge (OWXO1T)* 15,000 1 URC sludge (OWXO2T)* 15,000 II. FILTERS AND DEMINERALIZERS NUMBER DESCRIPTION FLOW (gal/min) 2 Waste filter (1WEO1F, 2WEO1F) 300 2 Waste demineralizers (1WEO1D, 2WEO1D) 300 2 Floor drain demineralizers (1WFO1D, 2WFO1D) 75 1 Chemical waste demineralizer (OWZO1D)* 75 | |||
* Asterisk indicates equipment common to Units 1 and 2. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-3 (Sheet 2 of 2) TABLE 11.2-3 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 III. CONCENTRATORS | |||
NUMBER DESCRIPTION FLOW (gal/min) STEAM REQUIRED (lb/hr) 1 Chemical waste concentrator (0WZ01S)* (abandoned-in-place) 30 21,000 2 Floor drain concentrator (1WF01S, 2WF01S) (abandoned-in-place) 30 21,000 | |||
IV. LAUNDRY NUMBER DESCRIPTION FLOW (gal/min) 1 Laundry (0WY02F)* 4.0 | |||
* Asterisk indicates equipment common to Units 1 and 2. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-4 TABLE 11.2-4 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 DESIGN-BASIS INFLUENT RADIOACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS IN LIQUID WASTE PROCESSING STREAMS AND COMPARISON TO REACTOR WATER ACTIVITY ISOTOPE CHEMICAL WASTE | |||
(µCi/cm 3) EQUIPMENT DRAIN (µCi/cm 3) FLOOR DRAIN | |||
(µCi/cm 3) LAUNDRY (µCi/cm 3) N-13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N-16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N-17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0-19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 F-18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Na-24 1.0-03 2.0-03 6.2-04 0.0 P-32 2.2-04 2.0-05 6.2-06 0.0 Cr-51 4.5-03 5.0-04 1.6-04 0.0 Mn-54 6.3-04 4.0-05 1.2-05 1.5-06 Mn-56 2.2-03 5.0-02 1.6-02 0.0 Co-58 6.4-02 5.0-03 1.6-03 8.4-06 Fe-59 8.9-04 8.0-05 2.5-05 0.0 Co-60 8.4-03 5.0-04 1.6-04 1.3-05 Ni-65 1.3-05 3.0-04 9.3-05 0.0 Zn-65 6.2-05 2.0-06 6.2-07 0.0 Zn-69m 1.4-05 3.0-05 9.3-06 0.0 Br-83 1.2-03 1.5-02 4.6-03 0.0 Br-84 4.9-04 2.7-02 8.3-03 0.0 Br-85 3.2-05 1.7-02 5.2-03 0.0 Sr-89 7.2-02 3.1-03 9.6-04 0.0 Sr-90 7.8-03 2.3-04 7.1-05 0.0 Sr-91 2.3-02 6.9-02 2.1-02 0.0 Sr-92 1.0-02 1.1-01 3.4-02 0.0 Zr-95 1.0-02 4.0-05 1.2-05 2.0-06 Nb-95 6.4-04 4.2-05 1.3-06 2.9-0 6 Zr-97 9.3-06 3.2-05 9.9-06 0.0 Mo-99 2.5-02 2.2-02 6.8-03 0.0 Tc-99m 7.9-02 2.8-01 8.7-02 0.0 Tc-99 4.3-08 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tc-101 1.1-03 1.4-01 4.3-02 0.0 Ru-103 2.0-04 1.9-05 5.9-06 2.0-07 Ru-106 4.2-05 2.6-06 8.1-07 3.5-0 6 Ag-110m 9.4-04 6.0-05 1.9-05 6.4-07 Te-129m 7.8-04 4.0-05 1.2-05 0.0 I-131 8.5-01 1.3-02 4.0-03 0.0 Te-132 1.3-01 4.9-02 1.5-02 0.0 I-132 2.2-01 1.2-01 3.7-02 0.0 I-133 6.3-01 8.9-02 2.8-02 0.0 I-134 7.1-02 2.4-01 7.4-02 0.0 Cs-134 4.8-03 1.6-04 5.0-05 1.9-05 I-135 3.0-01 1.3-01 4.0-02 0.0 Cs-136 1.0-03 1.1-04 3.4-05 0.0 Cs-137 7.3-03 2.4-04 7.4-05 3.5-05 Cs-138 3.2-03 1.9-01 5.9-02 0.0 Ba-139 7.5-03 1.6-01 5.0-02 0.0 Ba-140 9.0-02 9.0-03 2.8-03 0.0 Ba-141 1.8-03 1.7-01 5.3-02 0.0 Ce-141 1.6-03 3.9-05 1.2-05 0.0 Ba-142 1.1-03 17-01 5.3-02 0.0 Ce-143 2.0-05 3.5-05 1.1-05 0.0 Pr-143 2.2-04 3.8-05 1.2-05 0.0 Ce-144 5.5-04 3.5-05 1.1-05 7.3-06 Nd-147 6.2-05 1.4-05 4.3-06 0.0 W-187 1.2-03 3.0-03 9.3-04 0.0 Np-239 4.6-01 2.4-01 7.4-02 0.0Equivalent fraction of reactor water Not a direct fraction. Calculated values based on assumptions stated in Subsection 11.2.3.2. 1.00* 0.31** | |||
Not a direct fraction. | |||
* Basis given in Subsection 11.2.1.7.7. ** Draft ALARA Regulatory Guide gives range of 0.01 to 1.00 for influent streams. NEDO-10951: Releases from BWR Radwaste Management systems (GE) gives 0.00017 to 0.30 as a range. General Electric Standard Safety Analysis Report gives 0.009 to 0.365 as a range. The 0.31 value is a weighted average from these references. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 1 of 8) EXPECTED INVENTORIES IN LIQUID RADWASTE SYSTEM COMPONENTS INVENTORY | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
(CURIES) ISOTOPE NAME WASTE COLLECTION TANK WASTE SURGE TANK WASTE FLOCCULATION TANK WASTE DEMINERALIZER WASTE FILTER FLOOR DRAIN TANK FLOOR DRAIN EVAPORATOR | |||
* N 13 N 16 N 17 F 18 O 19 NA 24 P 32 CR 51 MN 54 MN 56 CO 58 FE 59 CO 60 NI 65 ZN 65 ZN 69M ZN 69 BR 83 KR 83M BR 84 BR 85 KR 85M KR 85 SR 89 Y 89M SR 90 Y 90M Y 90 SR 91 Y 91M Y 91 SR 92 Y 92 ZR 95 NB 95M NB 95 ZR 97 NB 97M NB 97 MO 99 TC 99M TC 99 TC 101 RU 103 RH 103H RU 106 RH 106M RH 106 AG 110M 2.180-02 1.308-01 2.272-05 2.384-02 1.847-02 5.031-02 6.937-04 1.748-02 1.408-03 4.146-01 1.756-01 2.805-03 1.762-02 2.473-03 7.041-05 7.327-04 6.871-04 1.167-01 0.000 4.681-02 2.783-03 0.000 0.000 1.088-01 1.087-05 8.104-03 0.000 6.458-04 1.466+00 8.209-01 6.120-03 9.567-01 8.371-01 1.405-03 1.619-06 1.479-03 8.355-04 8.321-04 7.631-04 7.160-01 4.922+00 1.816-08 1.069-01 6.657-04 6.074-04 9.156-05 0.000 9.148-05 2.112-03 3.796-02 2.279-01 3.957-05 4.164-02 3.217-02 1.525-01 3.611-03 9.239-02 7.560-03 7.333-01 9.379-01 1.492-02 9.468-02 4.373-03 3.778-04 2.140-03 2.124-03 2.055-01 0.000 8.153-02 4.847-03 0.000 0.000 5.794-01 5.794-05 4.356-02 0.000 9.596-03 3.679+00 2.153+00 6.255-02 1.698+00 1.698+00 7.497-03 2.468-05 7.945-03 2.664-03 2.655-03 2.630-03 3.284+00 1.196+01 1.650-07 1.862-01 3.537-03 3.437-03 4.916-04 0.000 4.914-04 1.133-02 4.647-04 2.789-03 4.844-07 5.097-04 3.938-04 1.751-03 3.634-05 9.258-04 7.544-05 8.976-03 9.373-03 1.493-04 9.445-04 5.352-05 3.770-06 2.475-05 2.445-05 2.516-03 0.000 9.980-04 5.932-05 0.000 0.000 5.795-03 5.794-07 4.346-04 0.000 8.038-05 4.370-02 2.550-02 5.752-04 2.079-02 2.075-02 7.493-05 2.053-07 7.927-05 3.026-05 3.016-05 2.967-05 3.419-02 1.398-01 1.528-09 2.280-03 3.539-05 3.417-05 4.905-04 0.000 4.904-06 1.131-04 9.688-04 5.816-03 1.010-06 1.061-03 8.210-04 1.376-01 2.215-02 3.280-02 2.980-03 9.699-03 3.571-01 5.534-03 3.767-02 5.757-05 2.851-03 1.802-03 1.918-03 4.465-02 0.000 5.506-03 1.396-04 0.000 0.000 4.163+00 4.163-04 3.330-01 0.000 2.342-01 2.384+00 1.512+00 6.284-01 4.084-01 8.452-01 2.842-03 3.466-05 3.139-03 1.402-04 1.399-04 1.491-04 5.166-01 5.426+00 1.516-06 8.123-03 1.299-03 1.299-03 1.942-04 0.000 1.942-04 4.459-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.022-03 1.348-03 1.311+00 1.332-01 1.023-01 1.536+01 2.315-01 1.700+00 6.065-04 2.142-04 5.159-05 5.512-05 8.672-04 0.000 7.581-05 4.254-07 0.000 0.000 2.967-01 2.967-05 2.539-02 0.000 2.161-02 6.240-02 3.977-02 4.591-02 8.073-03 1.859-02 1.217-01 1.943-03 1.400-01 2.459-03 2.454-03 2.631-03 1.184+01 1.046+01 1.799-06 7.629-05 5.376-02 5.381-02 8.694-03 0.000 8.694-03 1.988-01 1.506-02 9.043-02 1.570-05 1.651-02 1.277-02 3.931-02 5.760-04 1.453-02 1.173-03 2.891-01 1.462-01 2.334-03 1.467-02 1.724-03 5.864-05 5.697-04 5.428-04 8.119-02 0.000 3.235-02 1.923-03 0.000 0.000 9.052-02 9.049-06 6.750-03 0.000 6.413-04 1.114+00 6.323-01 5.855-03 6.683-01 6.191-01 1.169-03 1.612-06 1.232-03 6.571-04 6.546-04 6.132-04 5.870-01 3.669+00 1.686-08 7.390-02 5.539-04 5.137-04 7.626-05 0.000 7.621-05 1.759-03 2.228-06 4.104-07 4.158-11 3.749-06 2.210-07 3.123-04 4.606-06 1.162-04 9.383-06 2.223-03 1.169-03 1.867-05 1.174-04 1.326-05 4.690-07 4.523-06 4.360-06 6.226-04 0.000 2.164-04 5.005-06 0.000 0.000 7.240-04 7.240-08 5.400-05 0.000 5.209-06 8.819-03 5.071-03 4.747-05 5.149-03 4.958-03 9.352-06 1.310-08 9.856-06 5.225-06 5.213-06 4.931-06 4.688-03 2.892-02 1.366-10 4.093-04 4.430-06 4.141-06 6.100-07 0.000 6.100-07 1.407-05 | |||
* Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 2 of 8) INVENTORY | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
(CURIES) | |||
ISOTOPE NAME WASTE COLLECTION TANK WASTE SURGE TANK WASTE FLOCCULATION TANK WASTE DEMINERALIZER WASTE FILTER FLOOR DRAIN TANK FLOOR DRAIN EVAPORATOR | |||
* AG110 TE129M TE129 I 129 I 131 XE131M TE132 I 132 I 133 XE133M XE133 I 134 CS134 I 135 XE135M XE135 CS135 CS136 CS137 BA137M CS138 BA139 BA140 LA140 BA141 LA141 CE141 BA142 LA142 CE143 PR143 CE144 PR144 ND147 PM147 W 187 NP239 TOTAL = 2.744-05 1.400-03 8.010-04 4.450-14 4.455-01 0.000 1.613+00 2.179+00 2.453+00 0.000 0.000 6.804-01 5.636-03 2.279+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.810-03 8.456-03 7.877-03 3.331-01 7.215-01 3.116-01 3.850-02 1.666-01 1.553-01 2.798-03 1.019-01 1.018-01 1.052-03 1.335-03 1.232-03 1.199-03 4.835-04 1.143-07 8.507-02 7.698+00 3.040+01 1.473-04 7.424-03 4.591-03 7.998-13 2.262+00 0.000 7.558+00 8.698+00 8.463+00 0.000 0.000 1.185+00 3.028-02 4.930+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.976-02 4.546-02 4.245-02 5.802-01 1.257+00 1.616+00 5.249-01 2.903-01 2.902-01 1.769-02 1.775-01 1.775-01 4.178-03 7.082-03 6.614-03 6.556-03 2.493-03 1.844-06 3.067-01 3.435+01 1.009+02 1.470-06 7.434-05 4.559-05 6.439-15 2.292-02 0.000 7.823-02 9.174-02 9.448-02 0.000 0.000 1.451-02 3.021-04 5.971-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.991-04 4.535-04 4.234-04 7.101-03 1.539-02 1.628-02 4.497-03 3.553-03 3.549-03 1.737-04 2.172-03 2.172-03 4.511-05 7.097-05 6.600-05 6.530-05 2.515-05 1.511-08 3.389-03 3.601-01 1.106+00 5.797-05 5.163-02 3.307-02 3.425-11 1.186+01 0.000 2.526+01 2.622+01 9.960+00 0.000 0.000 1.122-01 2.096-01 2.443+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.079-01 3.160-01 2.955-01 3.718-02 1.710-01 9.673+00 8.432+00 1.421-02 1.011-01 2.349-02 7.021-03 2.895-02 3.762-04 2.348-03 2.606-03 2.605-03 7.516-04 3.538-06 2.112-02 9.113+01 2.037+02 2.584-03 3.556-03 2.279-03 4.702-12 6.299-01 0.000 1.020+00 1.055+00 3.118-01 0.000 0.000 1.802-03 1.750-02 5.798-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.083-03 2.650-02 2.477-02 5.454-04 3.042-03 5.754-01 5.681-01 1.526-04 2.135-03 2.610-01 5.705-05 5.344-04 7.473-03 8.450-02 1.163-01 1.163-01 2.567-02 2.556-04 3.968-01 3.391+00 5.097+01 2.286-05 1.165-03 6.799-04 4.559-14 3.690-01 0.000 1.325+00 1.725+00 1.948+00 0.000 0.000 4.702-01 4.694-03 1.686+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.162-03 7.044-03 6.565-03 2.302-01 4.988-01 2.586-01 3.789-02 1.152-01 1.107-01 2.427-03 7.042-02 7.041-02 8.493-04 1.111-03 1.026-03 1.004-03 4.011-04 1.145-07 6.792-02 6.292+00 2.354+01 1.829-07 9.316-06 5.482-06 3.705-16 2.948-03 0.000 1.058-02 1.365-02 1.550-02 0.000 0.000 3.356-03 3.755-05 1.327-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.529-05 5.635-05 5.264-05 1.543-03 3.711-03 2.068-03 3.076-04 6.844-04 8.805-04 1.953-05 3.597-04 5.503-04 6.772-06 8.888-06 8.209-06 8.076-06 3.207-06 9.303-10 5.409-04 5.024-02 1.842-01 | |||
* Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 3 of 8) INVENTORY | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
(CURIES) | |||
ISOTOPE NAME FLOOR SAMPLE TANK FLOOR MIXED-BED DEMINERALIZER FLOOR CONCENTRATOR SAMPLE TANK CONDENSATE POLISHER CHEMICAL WASTE COLLECTION TANK N 13 N 16 N 17 F 18 O 19 NA 24 P 32 CR 51 MN 54 MN 56 CO 58 FE 59 CO 60 NI 65 ZN 65 ZN 69M ZN 69 BR 83 KR 83M BR 84 BR 85 KR 85M KR 85 SR 89 Y 89M SR 90 Y 90M Y 90 SR 91 Y 91M Y 91 SR 92 Y 92 ZR 95 NB 95M NB 95 ZR 97 NB 97M NB 97 MO 99 TC 99M TC 99 TC 101 RU 103 RH 103M RU 106 RH 106M RH 106 AG 110M 1.877-04 1.352-05 1.359-09 1.758-03 7.702-06 7.411-07 1.184-08 2.993-07 2.420-08 3.660-06 3.014-06 4.810-08 3.028-07 2.177-08 1.210-09 1.065-08 1.098-08 9.966-07 0.000 1.275-07 7.196-10 0.000 0.000 1.866-06 1.866-10 1.393-07 0.000 1.605-08 2.001-05 1.235-05 1.416-07 8.651-06 1.189-05 2.411-08 4.009-11 2.542-08 1.252-08 1.249-08 1.272-08 1.187-05 6.275-05 3.989-13 1.290-07 1.141-08 1.115-08 1.573-09 0.000 1.573-09 3.629-08 6.193-06 4.463-07 4.486-11 5.800-05 2.542-07 4.148-06 9.333-07 1.466-05 1.471-06 1.882-06 1.703-04 2.575-04 1.876-05 1.113-08 1.448-07 5.453-08 5.840-08 9.201-07 0.000 2.923-08 3.708-11 0.000 0.000 2.016-04 2.016-08 1.714-05 0.000 1.424-05 7.226-05 4.624-05 3.096-05 8.964-06 2.461-05 1.350-06 2.091-08 1.547-06 4.026-08 4.018-08 4.315-08 1.479-04 2.701-04 9.461-11 1.541-08 5.987-07 5.992-07 9.603-08 0.000 9.603-08 2.196-06 1.169-05 1.011-08 5.884-13 9.356-04 2.323-08 6.986-09 1.217-10 1.541-07 1.248-08 1.159-06 1.554-06 2.478-08 1.562-07 6.872-09 1.248-11 9.956-11 1.054-10 6.117-09 0.000 2.514-10 1.346-13 0.000 0.000 1.923-08 1.923-12 1.437-09 0.000 1.941-10 1.796-07 1.138-07 1.652-09 5.599-08 1.048-07 1.242-08 2.414-11 1.311-08 5.962-09 5.950-09 6.266-09 5.997-06 1.566-06 5.642-15 1.127-10 5.879-09 5.839-09 8.116-10 0.000 8.116-10 1.872-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.647-02 1.002-02 2.000-01 2.883-02 9.996-02 2.920+00 4.027-02 3.815-01 5.961-04 2.835-03 6.373-04 6.370-04 1.117+00 0.000 4.467-01 2.913-02 0.000 0.000 3.289+00 3.289-04 3.537-01 0.000 3.311-01 1.031+00 6.051-01 5.191-01 4.615-01 4.606-01 2.279-02 4.246-04 2.919-02 4.216-04 4.201-04 4.214-04 1.139+00 3.591+00 1.959-06 5.168-02 9.064-03 9.059-03 1.896-03 0.000 1.896-03 4.268-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.153-02 8.996-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.546-03 5.693-04 5.719-04 9.735-01 0.000 3.510-01 8.548-03 0.000 0.000 2.953+00 2.953-04 3.176-01 0.000 2.975-01 9.189-01 5.431-01 4.662-01 4.035-01 4.135-01 2.046-02 3.146-07 2.477-06 3.770-04 3.327-04 1.755-05 0.000 3.186+00 1.759-06 3.459-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 4 of 8) INVENTORY | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
(CURIES) | |||
ISOTOPE NAME FLOOR SAMPLE TANK FLOOR MIXED-BED DEMINERALIZER FLOOR CONCENTRATOR SAMPLE TANK CONDENSATE POLISHER CHEMICAL WASTE COLLECTION TANK AG110 TE129M TE129 I 129 I 131 XE131M TE132 I 132 I 133 XE133M XE133 I 134 CS134 I 135 XE135M XE135 CS135 CS136 CS137 BA137M CS138 BA139 BA140 LA140 BA141 LA141 CE141 BA142 LA142 CE143 PR143 CE144 PR144 ND147 PM147 W 187 NP239 TOTAL = 4.718-10 2.399-08 1.486-08 9.624-18 7.561-05 0.000 2.686-05 2.185-04 3.768-04 0.000 0.000 2.921-05 9.686-08 2.852-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.497-08 1.454-07 1.360-07 9.173-07 4.449-06 5.313-06 9.343-07 2.581-07 1.758-06 5.340-08 9.650-08 7.521-07 1.681-08 2.291-08 2.117-08 2.113-08 8.234-09 2.860-12 1.324-06 1.267-04 3.261-03 2.855-08 2.426-06 1.554-06 4.073-15 4.445-03 0.000 7.661-04 9.580-04 2.942-03 0.000 0.000 1.034-05 1.074-05 7.172-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.469-06 1.626-05 1.520-05 1.957-07 2.418-06 3.995-04 3.825-04 3.715-08 2.620-06 3.582-06 9.730-09 4.582-07 1.043-07 9.555-07 1.285-06 1.285-06 2.927-07 2.712-09 5.950-06 2.644-03 1.446-02 2.434-10 2.472-10 1.564-10 1.016-19 7.746-07 0.000 2.723-07 1.427-06 3.643-06 0.000 0.000 9.075-08 9.993-09 2.413-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.674-09 1.500-08 1.384-08 1.827-08 1.984-08 5.458-08 1.115-08 2.892-10 1.313-08 2.752-08 6.612-11 3.652-09 8.321-09 1.180-08 1.092-08 1.092-08 4.226-09 1.731-12 6.448-07 1.276-06 9.693-04 5.548-04 3.556-02 2.275-02 1.424-10 7.724+01 0.000 5.910+00 1.445+01 5.778+01 0.000 0.000 6.468+00 2.161-01 2.695+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.574-02 3.326-01 3.110-01 1.433-01 3.423-01 4.102+00 4.077+00 8.014-02 7.872-02 7.337-02 4.955-02 4.813-02 8.935-04 9.980-03 2.511-02 2.511-02 2.817-03 9.112-05 5.541-02 2.093+01 2.371+02 0.000 3.193-02 2.043-02 1.279-10 6.933+01 0.000 5.302+00 1.274+01 5.171+01 0.000 0.000 5.349+00 1.940-01 2.394+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.918-01 3.683+00 3.661+00 5.708-02 7.052-02 6.452-06 3.077-02 4.283-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.874+02 TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 5 of 8) INVENTORY | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
(CURIES) | |||
ISOTOPE NAME CHEMICAL WASTE EVAPORATOR | |||
* CHEMICAL WASTE SAMPLE TANK CHEMICAL WASTE DEMINERALIZER WASTE SAMPLE TANK RWCU FILTER/ DEMINERALIZER RWCU PHASE SEPARATOR FUEL POOL F/D N 13 N 16 N 17 F 18 O 19 NA 24 P 32 CR 51 MN 54 MN 56 CO 58 FE 59 CO 60 NI 65 ZN 65 ZN 69M ZN 69 BR 83 KR 83M BR 84 BR 85 KR 85M KR 85 SR 89 Y 89M SR 90 Y 90M Y 90 SR 91 Y 91M Y 91 SR 92 Y 92 ZR 95 NB 95M NB 95 ZR 97 NB 97M NB 97 MO 99 TC 99M TC 99 TC101 RU103 RH103M RU106 RH106M RH106 AG110M 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.747-04 1.497-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.242-05 9.228-06 9.443-06 1.398-02 0.000 3.385-03 1.634-05 0.000 0.000 4.920-02 4.920-06 5.293-03 0.000 4.960-03 1.473-02 8.922-03 7.771-03 5.886-03 6.791-03 3.409-04 3.438-08 1.948-07 6.143-06 6.101-06 1.715-06 0.000 4.988-02 2.933-08 2.173-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.277-06 3.705-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.062-07 1.704-08 1.814-08 9.879-06 0.000 7.991-07 1.837-09 0.000 0.000 1.229-04 1.229-08 1.327-05 0.000 1.249-05 2.420-05 1.538-05 1.951-05 4.567-06 9.710-06 8.520-07 9.026-10 4.926-09 1.200-08 1.197-08 1.092-08 0.000 6.583-05 7.369-11 3.469-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.969-07 2.858-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.275-08 1.043-08 1.118-08 2.635-06 0.000 6.960-08 7.000-11 0.000 0.000 9.549-05 9.550-09 1.034-05 0.000 9.766-06 1.347-05 8.633-06 1.520-05 1.329-06 4.237-06 3.486-07 6.105-10 3.378-09 4.072-09 4.063-09 4.195-09 0.000 3.055-05 5.751-11 1.971-09 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.839-04 1.325-05 1.332-09 2.208-03 7.547-06 3.157-04 9.527-06 1.263-03 1.039-04 2.714-03 1.287-02 2.045-04 1.302-03 1.609-05 1.008-06 4.329-06 4.603-06 1.384-04 0.000 1.220-05 6.846-08 0.000 0.000 1.543-03 1.543-07 1.164-04 0.000 3.124-05 6.637-03 4.214-03 1.893-04 1.281-03 2.769-03 1.028-04 4.162-07 1.092-04 2.923-05 2.917-05 3.105-05 4.251-02 4.078-02 5.912-10 1.228-05 4.843-05 4.834-05 6.759-06 0.000 6.759-06 1.558-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.197+00 7.869-02 2.129+00 1.841-01 5.098+00 2.242+01 3.519-01 2.317+00 3.040-02 9.188-03 1.641-02 1.644-02 1.428+00 0.000 5.523-01 2.400-02 0.000 0.000 1.373+01 1.373-03 1.067+00 0.000 5.759-01 2.655+01 1.561+01 1.930-00 1.181+01 1.189+01 1.788-01 1.587-03 1.938-01 2.168-02 2.163-02 2.170-02 4.839+01 1.081+02 5.801-06 1.210+00 8.296-02 8.233-02 1.198-02 0.000 1.198-02 2.757-01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.395+00 5.469-01 2.628+01 7.823+00 1.020+01 5.624+02 6.454-00 1.155+02 6.080-02 3.741-01 3.284-02 3.288-02 2.856-00 0.000 1.105-00 4.799-02 0.000 0.000 2.804+02 2.804-02 5.455+01 0.000 5.339+01 5.310+01 3.123+01 4.679+01 2.362+01 2.377+01 4.241+00 8.394-02 6.287+00 4.341-02 4.330-02 4.345-02 1.174+02 2.361+02 4.014-04 2.420+00 1.375+00 1.375+00 5.260-01 0.000 5.260-01 1.130+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.752-03 5.918-04 1.652-02 1.477-03 2.891-02 1.779-01 2.768-03 1.864-02 1.724-04 7.363-05 9.260-05 9.260-05 8.103-02 0.000 3.214-02 1.911-03 0.000 0.000 1.084-00 1.084-04 8.585-02 0.000 5.529-02 1.498+00 8.796-01 1.570-01 6.695-01 6.695-01 1.417-02 1.562-04 1.555-02 1.224-03 1.220-03 1.224-03 3.032+00 6.396+00 5.055-07 7.342-02 6.507-03 6.473-03 9.617-04 0.000 9.616-04 2.210-02 *Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 6 of 8) INVENTORY | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
(CURIES) | |||
ISOTOPE NAME CHEMICAL WASTE EVAPORATOR | |||
* CHEMICAL WASTE SAMPLE TANK CHEMICAL WASTE DEMINERALIZER WASTE SAMPLE TANK RWCU FILTER/ DEMINERALIZER RWCU PHASE SEPARATOR FUEL POOL F/D AG110 TE129M TE129 I 129 I 131 XE131M TE132 I 132 I 133 XE133M XE133 I 134 CS134 I 135 XE135M XE135 CS135 CS136 CS137 BA137M CS138 BA139 BA140 LA140 BA141 LA141 CE141 BA142 LA142 CE143 PR143 CE144 PR144 ND147 PM147 W 187 NP239 TOTAL = 0.000 5.318-04 3.404-04 2.131-12 1.152+00 0.000 8.792-02 1.942-01 8.454-01 0.000 0.000 6.162-02 3.234-03 3.769-01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.799-03 6.129-02 6.101-02 4.157-04 1.107-03 6.469-07 1.650-04 6.034-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.023+00 0.000 1.326-06 8.494-07 5.346-14 2.824-02 0.000 2.082-04 1.401-03 1.729-02 0.000 0.000 1.991-04 8.103-06 5.277-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.727-06 1.514-04 1.528-04 7.348-08 1.149-06 9.931-09 2.422-08 3.057-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.323-02 0.000 1.029-06 6.593-07 4.169-14 2.162-02 0.000 1.552-04 4.658-04 1.147-02 0.000 0.000 2.418-05 5.764-06 2.572-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.989-07 1.167-04 1.189-04 4.672-09 4.268-07 6.373-09 1.252-09 5.795-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.674-02 2.025-06 1.973-05 1.259-05 2.690-15 5.914-03 0.000 1.916-02 2.032-02 1.879-02 0.000 0.000 2.899-04 8.086-04 7.489-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.208-04 1.214-03 1.133-03 8.777-04 4.894-04 4.257-03 1.673-03 2.456-05 3.252-04 2.330-04 9.180-06 8.594-05 5.096-05 9.683-05 9.092-05 9.090-05 3.376-05 3.157-08 3.581-03 8.539-02 2.950-01 3.584-03 1.729-01 1.097-01 6.825-11 4.532+01 0.000 1.181+02 1.280+02 7.418+01 0.000 0.000 8.129+00 4.111-01 3.466+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.366-01 6.185-01 5.782-01 2.184+00 8.689+00 3.475+01 2.432+01 1.917+00 2.031+00 4.366-01 1.130+00 1.241+00 4.468-02 1.586-01 1.610-01 1.606-01 5.263-02 1.430-04 2.832+00 4.711+02 1.239+03 1.469-01 2.534+00 1.622+00 3.831-08 2.004+02 0.000 3.049+02 3.268+02 1.490+02 0.000 0.000 1.626+01 1.954+01 6.932+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.517+00 3.163+01 2.958+01 4.368+00 1.738+01 2.202+02 2.202+02 3.835+00 4.062+00 6.376+00 2.260+00 2.483+00 9.206-02 1.080+00 6.758+00 6.758+00 2.975-01 3.332-02 5.707+00 1.080+03 4.420+03 2.873-04 1.351-02 8.593-03 7.719-12 3.256+00 0.000 7.569+00 8.158+00 4.197+00 0.000 0.000 4.672-01 3.304-02 1.957+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.768-02 4.977-02 4.652-02 1.271-01 4.957-01 2.594+00 2.066+00 1.144-01 1.144-01 3.431-02 6.997-02 6.997-02 2.578-03 1.198-02 1.291-02 1.289-02 3.889-03 1.551-05 1.607-02 2.882+01 7.538+01 | |||
* Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 | |||
TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 7 of 8) INVENTORY | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
(CURIES) | |||
ISOTOPE NAME LAUNDRY COLLECTION TANK LAUNDRY FILTER LAUNDRY R.O. UNIT | |||
* LAUNDRY SAMPLE TANK CONCENTRATES WASTE TANK SPENT RESIN TANK WASTE SLUDGE TANK N 13 N 16 N 17 F 18 O 19 NA 24 P 32 CR 51 MN 54 MN 56 CO 58 FE 59 CO 60 NI 65 ZN 65 ZN 69M ZN 69 BR 83 KR 83M BR 84 BR 85 KR 85M KR 85 SR 89 Y 89M SR 90 Y 90M Y 90 SR 91 Y 91M Y 91 SR 92 Y 92 ZR 95 NB 95M NB 95 ZR 97 NB 97M NB 97 MO 99 TC 99M TC 99 TC101 RU103 RH103M RU106 RH106M RH106 AG110M AG110 TE129M 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.600-06 0.000 3.171-05 0.000 4.962-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.650-06 1.333-08 1.095-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.623-07 7.192-07 1.317-05 0.000 1.316-05 2.414-06 3.137-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.105-04 0.000 1.712-03 0.000 3.960-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.987-04 7.737-06 6.512-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.109-05 3.112-05 9.824-04 0.000 9.824-04 1.735-04 2.255-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.544-08 0.000 3.136-07 0.000 4.913-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.566-08 1.571-10 1.084-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.535-09 7.384-09 1.304-07 0.000 1.304-07 2.389-08 3.106-10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.600-09 0.000 3.159-08 0.000 4.967-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.617-09 2.558-11 1.093-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.565-10 7.548-10 1.317-08 0.000 1.317-08 2.413-09 3.137-11 0.000 1.664-08 2.005-11 1.169-15 5.711-07 4.540-11 3.074-02 1.145-01 1.071-01 1.314-02 2.995-03 1.416+00 2.035-02 1.707-01 1.774-05 6.596-02 3.849-04 4.121-04 8.784-02 0.000 4.691-03 2.166-06 0.000 0.000 6.360+01 6.360-03 8.659+00 0.000 8.600+00 4.334-01 2.770-01 1.045+01 4.867-02 1.217-01 4.668-01 8.200-03 1.557-01 3.616-04 3.608-04 3.737-04 5.573-01 1.401+00 4.842-05 1.602-04 4.648-03 4.652-03 9.073-04 0.000 9.073-04 1.951-02 2.537-04 6.116-01 3.830-07 2.760-08 2.774-12 4.592-06 1.571-08 2.335-06 1.332-05 8.694-06 4.474-06 5.304-08 2.222-04 2.282-06 7.756-05 3.130-10 4.146-05 2.857-08 3.067-08 2.773-06 0.000 7.026-08 7.168-11 0.000 0.000 1.573-02 1.573-06 8.188-03 0.000 8.184-03 2.888-05 1.853-05 2.828-03 1.653-06 5.938-06 6.868-05 1.376-06 6.822-05 1.451-08 1.449-08 1.543-08 2.612-05 7.449-05 4.623-08 2.410-09 4.754-07 4.758-07 3.102-07 0.000 3.102-07 6.252-06 8.128-08 1.120-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.637-02 5.612-03 3.524-00 6.909-01 3.598-01 5.241+01 6.911-01 1.072+01 2.137-03 1.346-03 4.908-04 4.990-04 3.262-01 0.000 1.287-01 7.645-03 0.000 0.000 5.243-00 5.243-04 5.079-01 0.000 3.771-01 6.139+00 3.612+00 7.739-01 2.697+00 2.722+00 4.546-01 7.617-03 5.828-01 1.060-02 1.058-02 1.100-02 3.902+01 4.936+01 1.654-05 2.939-01 1.788-01 1.789-01 5.025-02 0.000 5.025-02 1.071+00 1.393-02 6.380-02 | |||
* Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 8 of 8) INVENTORY | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
(CURIES) | |||
ISOTOPE NAME LAUNDRY COLLECTION TANK LAUNDRY FILTER LAUNDRY R.O. UNIT | |||
* LAUNDRY SAMPLE TANK CONCENTRATES WASTE TANK SPENT RESIN TANK WASTE SLUDGE TANK TE129 I 129 I 131 XE131M TE132 I 132 I 133 XE133M XE133 I 134 CS134 I 135 XE135M XE135 CS135 CS136 CS137 BA137M CS138 BA139 BA140 LA140 BA141 LA141 CE141 BA142 LA142 CE143 PR143 CE144 PR144 ND147 PM147 W 187 NP239 TOTAL = 0.000 0.000 3.158-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.157-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.318-04 1.230-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.743-05 2.696-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.197-04 0.000 0.000 1.071-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.802-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.450-04 3.226-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.997-03 1.997-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.419-02 0.000 0.000 3.010-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.879-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.267-05 1.185-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.715-07 2.709-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.359-05 0.000 0.000 2.940-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.953-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.281-06 1.198-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.743-08 2.742-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.395-06 3.920-01 4.910-09 5.556-02 0.000 1.929-01 2.049-01 4.636-01 0.000 0.000 1.396-01 5.215+00 6.602+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.496-02 8.715-02 8.148-02 3.224-04 1.603-02 4.360+01 4.905+01 3.897-04 1.352-02 3.078-02 9.662-05 2.919-03 3.141-04 5.873-03 1.154-02 1.154-02 1.678-03 3.600-05 1.567-02 4.808+00 8.493+02 7.176-05 3.707-11 5.594-01 0.000 1.807-03 2.190-03 3.792-02 0.000 0.000 2.440-05 3.910-03 3.816-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.526-06 7.074-05 6.614-05 4.508-09 3.520-07 4.881-03 5.516-03 5.651-09 5.809-07 3.058-06 1.552-09 6.839-08 1.385-08 3.388-07 3.822-06 3.822-06 9.094-08 2.286-08 6.610-07 4.386-04 6.558-01 4.063-02 1.325-10 1.448+01 0.000 3.259+01 3.503+01 1.751+01 0.000 0.000 1.873+00 2.351-01 7.966+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.762-02 3.708-01 3.466-01 5.097-01 1.990+00 1.175+01 9.627+00 4.580-01 4.627-01 8.409-01 2.800-01 2.812-01 2.742-02 2.504-01 6.415-01 6.418-01 7.603-02 2.701-03 9.784-01 1.230-02 4.447+02 | |||
* Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-6 (Sheet 1 of 3) TABLE 11.2-6 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 MAXIMUM AND EXPECTED INPUTS TO RADWASTE SYSTEMS | |||
I. Equipment Drain System (all figures are per unit) | |||
Source Normal GPD/Days Per Year Maximum GPD/Days Per Year Reactor equipment drains 2000/365 (1) | |||
* 3760/365 (2) Drywell equipment drains 5800/365 (1) 28000/17 (2) Drywell floor drains 2900/365 (1) 28000/17 (2) Turbine building equipment drains 5700/365 (1) 5730/365 (2) Reactor water cleanup F/D backwash 1200/365 (1) 4200/100 (2) Condensate demineralizer backwash 4000/365 (3) 80000/2 (4) Radwaste demineralizer backwash 2850/365 (3) 5700/365 (5) | |||
* Numerically referenced notes are f ound on the last page of this table. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-6 (Sheet 2 of 3) TABLE 11.2-6 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 II. Floor Drain System (all figures are per unit) | |||
Source Normal GPD/Days Per Year Maximum GPD/Days Per Year Reactor building floor drain sump 2000/365 (1) 2000/365 (2) Radwaste floor drains 1000/365 (1) 1000/365 (2) Turbine building floor drains 2000/365 (1) 2000/365 (2) | |||
III. Chemical Waste System (all figures are per unit) | |||
Source Normal GPD/Days Per Year Maximum GPD/Days Per Year Condensate demineralizer regenerants (no longer created) 1240/365 (3) 24800/2 (4) | |||
Radwaste demineralizer regenerants (no longer created) 1770/365 (3) 3540/365 (5) | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-6 (Sheet 3 of 3) TABLE 11.2-6 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 IV. Laundry waste Source Normal GPD/Days Per Year Maximum GPD/Days Per Year | |||
_________________ 800/365 (6) 4000/30 (6) | |||
Notes: (1) Draft ALARA Regulatory Guides (2) GESSAR | |||
(3) Subsection 11.2.3.2 (4) Subsection 11.2.1.7.4 (5) Estimate. In comparison to the design base flow of the condensate demineralizer regenerants (80,000 gpd), this assumption does not affect equipment sizing. | |||
(6) Estimate based on operating experience. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-7 TABLE 11.2-7 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 DESIGN-BASIS PROCESS DECONTAMINATION FACTORS EQUIPMENT DESIGN DECONTAMINATION FACTOR Cation: 10 2 (except Cs, Rb, Mo, Tc) | |||
* Anion: 10 2 Cs, Rb: 10 Waste mixed-bed demineralizers | |||
Insolubles: | |||
** 2 Insolubles: 10 Filters Solubles: 1.03 Halogens: 10 3 Evaporators (abandoned-in-place) | |||
Other nuclides: 10 4 Reverse osmosis (abandoned-in-place) 30 | |||
* A plateout removal factor of 10 for Mo, Tc taken in each stream. | |||
** Table 4-2, "Releases from BWR Radwaste Management Systems" R. A. Head, C. W. Miller, J. E. Oesterle, NEDO-10951, July 1973. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-8 TABLE 11.2-8 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 PRINCIPAL ASSUMPTIONS USED IN "MAXIMUM INDIVIDUAL" RADIOLOGICAL DOSE ASSESSMENT FOR RADIONUCLIDES RELEASED IN LIQUID EFFLUENTS I. Annual releases Table 11.2-1 II. Method, radiological data libraries used: Reference 1 (Section 11.2) III. Usage factors Reference 2 (Section 11.2) Drinking water Fish consumption Shoreline activity Swimming Boating 440 l/yr 1.2 kg/yr 15 hr/yr 6 hr/yr 29 hr/yr IV. Dilution flow (cooling lake blowdown) prior to discharge to unrestricted area 30,000 gpm (67 cfs) V. Hydrological Dispersion Factors Used Pathway Principal Assumption/Location Dilution Factor Fish Fish live in area discharge 1:1 Shoreline Activities Near vicinity of discharge canal (shoreline width factor = 0.2) 1:5 Swimming and Boating Near vicinity of discharge canal 1:5 Drinking Water Peoria, Illinois (first municipal water supply) Average river flow (10,750 cfs) 1:160 7-day, 10 year low flow (3228 cfs) (for reference only, not used in analysis) | |||
(Illinois Nitrogen Corporation located 3300 feet downstream of the LSCS discharge but on the opposite bank of the river has been identified as using Illinois River for drinking water for its employees. Calculations indicate, though, that the LSCS discharge will not reach the Illinois Nitrogen Corporation water inlet under high or low river conditions.) | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-1 REV. 13 11.3 GASEOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 11.3.1 Design Bases 11.3.1.1 Design Objective | |||
The gaseous waste management systems are designed to process and control the release of gaseous radioactive wastes to the site environs so that the total radiation exposure of persons in offsite areas is as low as reasonably achievable and does not exceed applicable guidelines. This is to be accomplished while maintaining the occupational exposure as low as reasonably achievable and without limiting plant operation or availability. | |||
11.3.1.2 Design Criteria The gaseous waste management systems are designed to limit offsite doses from routine station releases to significantly le ss than the limits specified in 10 CFR 20, and to operate within the dose objectives established in 10 CFR 50, Appendix I. | |||
A noble gas input equivalent to an annual average off-gas rate (based on a 7-minute | |||
decay) of 230,000 muCi/sec of the "1971 mixt ure" as shown in Table 11.3-1 was used as the design basis. A conser vative value of 80 scfm for off-gas flow has been used as a design basis. | |||
The design approach for the off-gas treatment includes delay until the required fraction of the radionuclides has decayed. | |||
The daughter products are then retained by the charcoal and HEPA filters. | |||
A list of the major equipment items in the off-gas system and the design codes is provided in Table 11.3-2. Equipment and piping were designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable code requirements as listed. Welding and material requirements are also listed. | |||
Conservative analyses similar to that presented in Reference 1 demonstrate that equipment failure cannot result in dose s exceeding acceptable guidelines; thus, neither the off-gas system nor the buildings housing the equipment were designed to meet Seismic Category I requirements. The off-gas structure walls below grade are part of the total structural shear wall system and were designed to withstand the effects of earthquakes. | |||
The failure of the off-gas system is analyzed in Subsection 15.7.1. The related failure of the steam jet air ejector lines and the gland seal off-gas lines are analyzed in Subsections 15.7.1.2 and 15.7.1.3. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-2 REV. 13 11.3.2 System Descriptions 11.3.2.1 Off-Gas (RECHAR) System Noncondensible radioactive off-gas is continuously removed from the main condenser by the air ejector during plant operation. This is the major source and is larger than all other sources combined. The air ejector off-gas will normally contain activation gases, principally N-16, O-19, and N-13. The N-16 and O-19 have short half-lives and are readily decayed. The 10-minute N-13 is present in small amounts that are further reduced by decay. | |||
The air ejector off-ga s will also contain the radioactive noble gas precursors of biologically significant Sr-89, Sr-90, Ba-140, and Cs-137. The concentrat ion of these noble gases depends on the amount of tramp uranium in the coolant and on th e cladding surfaces (usually extremely small) and the number and size of fuel cladding leaks. An off-gas (RECHAR) system has been provided to treat this source; the system utilizes catalytic recombination and charcoal adsorption as discussed below. | |||
11.3.2.1.1 Process Description The condenser off-gas (RECHAR) system, shown in Figure 11.3-1, will use a catalytic recombiner to recombine radiol ytically dissociated hydrogen and oxygen from the air ejector system. After coolin g (to approximately 130° F) to strip the condensables and reduce the volume, the remaining noncondensables (principally krypton, xenons, and air) are delayed in the holdup pipe. The gas is cooled to 45° F and reheated to 74° F for humidity control be fore reaching the adsorption bed. The charcoal adsorption bed, operating in a constant-temperature vault, selectively adsorbs and delays the xenons and kryptons from the bulk carrier gas (principally air). This delay on the charcoal permits the Xe and Kr to decay in place. This system results in a reduction of the off-gas activity (curie s) released by a factor of approximately 9 relative to a 7-minute holdup system and based on a "1971 mixture." Table 11.3-1 shows the estimate d annual release rates from the charcoal adsorbers of various isotopes of krypton and xenon compared to a system releasing 230,000 µCi/sec after a 7-minute delay. | |||
The adsorption of noble gases on charcoal depends primarily on gas flow rate, mass of charcoal, and gas-unique coefficien ts known as the dynamic adsorption coefficients. The parametric interrelati onships and governing equations are well proved from 7 years of operation of a similar unit at KRB in Germany. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.1 Process Flow Diagram Figure 11.3-1 is the process flow diagram for the system. The process data for startup and normal operating conditions we re submitted as proprietary data under separate cover as Table 11.3-3 of the FSAR. The information supporting the process data is presented in References 2 and 3. Th e vent is the single release point for this LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-3 REV. 13 system and is located on the auxiliary building. The vent is indicated on Figure 11.3-1. 11.3.2.1.1.2 Noble Gas Radionuclide Source Term and Decay The design basis isotopic source terms for the annual average activity input of the main condenser off-gas treatme nt system are given in Tabl e 11.3-1 at t = 7 minutes. The system is mechanically capable of processing three times the source terms of Table 11.3-1 without affecting delay time of the noble gases. Also listed is the isotopic distribution at t = 0. With an air inleakage of 80 scfm, this treatment system results in a delay of 2.9 hours fo r krypton and 2.2 days for xenon. Table 11.3-1 lists isotopic activities at the discharge of the system, and the decontamination factor for each noble gas isotope can be determined. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.3 Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) | |||
The P&ID is submitted as proprietary data under separate cover. The main process routing is indicated by a heavy line. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.4 Recombiner The basis for sizing the recombiner is to maintain the hydrogen concentration below 4% (including steam) at the inlet and below 4% at the outlet on a dry basis. The exit hydrogen concentration is normally well below the 4% maximum allowed. The hydrogen generation rate of the reactor is based on data from nine BWR's. The hydrogen generation rate is given in the data referenced in Subs ection 11.3.2.1.1.1. Recombiner performance is continuously monitored and recorded by catalyst bed thermocouples that monitor the bed temperature profile and by a hydrogen analyzer that measures the hydrogen concentration of the effluent. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.5 Charcoal Adsorbers 11.3.2.1.1.5.1 Charcoal and Charcoal Vault Temperature | |||
The charcoal adsorbers operate at room temperature essentially so that on system shutdown, radioactive gases in the adsorbers are subject to the same holdup time as during normal operation, even in the presence of continued airflow. The charcoal adsorbers are designed to limit the temperature of the charcoal (normally to about 77° F) to well below the charcoal ignition temperature, thus precluding overheating or fire and consequent escape of radioactive materials. | |||
The adsorbers are located in a shielded room and are normally maintained at a constant temperature by one of two air conditioning systems that remove the decay heat generated in the adsorbers. A full capacity air conditioning unit is provided as a spare and can be activated from the main control room following an alarm indicating failure of the normally operating unit. In the unlikely event that both air conditioning units are LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-4 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 unable to function, the radioactive emissions from the off-gas system would increase slightly; however, the releases would still be well below acceptable limits. | |||
Radiation monitoring is provided in the charcoal adsorber vault to monitor the radiation levels in the room. High radiation in the vault, indicating off-gas system leakage or component failure, is alarmed in the control room for operator action, as required. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.5.2 Gas Channeling in the Charcoal Adsorber Channeling in the charcoal adsorbers is prevented by supplying an effective flow distributor on the inlet, having long columns, and having a high bed-to-particle diameter ratio (approximately 500). Unde rhill has stated that channeling or wall effects may reduce efficiency of the holdup bed if this ratio is not greater than 12 (Reference 2). During transf er of the charcoal into th e charcoal adsorber vessels, radial sizing of the charcoal is minimized by pouring the charcoal (by gravity or pneumatically) over a cone or other instru ment to spread the granules over the surface. 11.3.2.1.1.5.3 Charcoal Bypass Mode A valve is provided to bypass the charcoal adsorbers. The main purpose of this bypass is to protect the charcoal during preoperation and startup testing when gas activity is zero or very low. It may be desirable to use the bypass for short periods during startup or normal operations. This bypass mode is not used for normal operations unless some unforeseen system malfunction necessitates shutting down the power plant or operating in the bypass mode while remaining within the technical specification limits. During of f-gas system operation in the AUTO mode, the activity release is controlled by the off-gas posttreatment process radiation monitor upstream of the vent isolation valve that causes the bypass valve to close on a high radiation alarm in both channels of the posttreatment monitor. This alarm can be defeated only by a keylock switch. The alarm setting is covered in Subsection 7.7.14.1. In addition, there is a high-high-high alarm on the same monitor that causes the off-gas system to be isolated from the station vent stack if established release limits are exceeded. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.5.4 Charcoal Performance The ability of the charcoal to delay the noble gases can be evaluated by comparing activity measured and recorded by the process activity monitors at the exit of the off-gas condenser and at the exit of the charcoal adsorbers. | |||
Experience with boiling water reactors has shown that the calibration correction factor of the off-gas and vent effluent monitors changes with isotopic content. | |||
Isotopic content can change depending on the presence or absence of fuel cladding leaks in the reactor, the nature of the leak s, and the holdup time prior to release. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-5 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 Because of these variations, the monitors are periodically calibrated against grab samples. Grab sample points are located upstream and downstream of the first charcoal bed and downstream of the last charcoal bed and can be used for periodic sampling if the monitoring equipment indicates degradation of system delay performance. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.6 HEPA Prefilter These particulate filters are tested at the time of filter installation or replacement to determine whether an installed filter meets the minimum initial in-place efficiency of 99.95% | |||
retention. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.7 Desiccant Gas Desiccant gas dryer performance is not monitored. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.8 HEPA Afterfilter On installation, when replaced, and at periodic intervals during operation, these particulate filters are tested usin g a DOP smoke test or equivalent. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.9 Instrumentation and Control The off-gas system is normally monitored by flow, temperature, pressure, and by hydrogen analyzers to ensure correct op eration and control and to ensure that hydrogen concentration is maintained belo w the flammable limit. Table 11.3-3 lists the process parameters that are instrumented to alarm in the main control room. It also indicates whether the parameters are recorded or just indicated. | |||
A radiation monitor placed after the off-gas condenser continuously monitors radioactivity release from the reactor an d therefore continuously monitors the degree of fuel leakage and input to the charcoal adsorbers. This radiation monitor is used to provide an alarm on high radiation in the off-gas. | |||
A radiation monitor is also provided at the outlet of the ch arcoal adsorbers to continuously monitor the release rate from the adsorber beds. This off-gas posttreatment radiation monitor is used to isolate the off-gas system on high radioactivity to prevent treated gas of unacceptably high activity from entering the station vent stack. Therefore, the activity of the gas entering and leaving the off-gas system is continuously monitored, and system performance is known to the operator at all times. Provision is made for sampling and periodic analysis of the influent and effluent gases for purposes of determining their compositions. This information is used in calibrating the mo nitors and in relating the release to calculated environs dose. Off-gas system process radiation instrumentation is further discussed in Section 11.5. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-6 REV. 18, APRIL 2010 The catalytic recombiner vessel temperatures are monitored by thermocouples and then recorded. High or low temperature is annunciated in the main control room. | |||
The standby recombiner is temperature-controlled, maintained, monitored, and recorded. Any low temperature is annunciated in the main control room. Inlet process gas is monitored for temperature, and if low temperatures are obtained, they are annunciated in the main control room. | |||
The off-gas condenser condensate level is maintained at a given level within the condenser shell. A level control system is used to provide drainage of condensate from the condenser shell. High and low level and high gas discharge temperature are annunciated locally (see Table 11.3-3). | |||
Differential pressure measurements are made across the prefilters, the charcoal vessel train, and the afterfilters. High differential pressure is annunciated in the control room. | |||
Hydrogen analyzers are used to measure the hydrogen content of the off-gas process stream. The hydrogen concentration pe rcentage output from each analyzer is indicated and recorded in the main contro l room along with alarm annunciation for high hydrogen concentration percenta ge in the off-gas process stream. | |||
The hydrogen analyzer system continuously withdraws a sample of the process off-gas, analyzes the hydrogen content, and returns the sample gas to the main condenser. During normal plant operation, the main turbine condenser vacuum provides the pumping force to move the sample gas from the off-gas process line and through the hydrogen analyzer system. A hydrogen level of 1.5% will alarm and annunciate in the main control room. | |||
Off-gas system flow measurements are made just downstream of the charcoal adsorbers. Startup range high flow is recorded in the main control room and annunciated locally. A startup range high flow of 265 scfm will alarm and annunciate in the main control room. A normal range high flow of 80 scfm or low flow of 6 scfm will alar m and annunciate in the main control room. The flow recorder is provided to keep a record of all discharge volumes. The flow measurements and recording accuracies are within 5% of indication for the flows measured. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.10 Explosion Resistance 11.3.2.1.1.10.1 Pressure Boundary | |||
The pressure boundary of the system is de signed to be explosion-resistant. The pressure vessels are designed to withstan d 350 psig static pressure, and the piping and valving are designed to resist dynami c pressures encountered in long runs of LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-7 REV. 13 piping at the design temperature. This analysis is covered in a proprietary report submitted to the NRC (Reference 4). | |||
An equivalent detonation-containing static pressure is then derived for which the component can be rated, based upon the wall thickness calculated by the above procedure. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.11 Leakage of Radioactive Gases Leakage of radioactive gases from the system is limited by welding piping connections where possible and using bellows stem seals or equivalent valving. The system operates at a maximum of 7 psig du ring startup and less than 2 psig during normal operation so that the differential pressure to cause leakage is small. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.12 Hydrogen Concentration Hydrogen concentration of gases from the air ejector is kept below the flammable limit by maintaining adequate process steam flow for dilution at all times. This steam flow rate is monitored and alarmed. Hydrogen analyzers are used to ensure that hydrogen concentration is maintained below the flammable limit. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.13 Drain Seals Drains from the off-gas system which do not discharge to the main condenser utilize liquid seals to prevent the escape of radioa ctive gases from the system. Loop seals are provided where possible. However, most of the off-gas drains are piped to the off-gas pressure drain tank. This tank provides a pressure balanced liquid seal to prevent gas leakage. Drainage from the off-gas system is pumped from the off-gas pressure drain tank to the liquid radwaste system. Drain pumps are automatically started by a high level signal from the pressure drain tank. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.14 Process Design Parameters The krypton and xenon holdup times are closely approximated by the following equation: | |||
(11.3-1) where: T = holdup time of a given gas, K D = dynamic adsorption coefficient for the given gas, V M D K T= | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-8 REV. 13 M = weight of charcoal, and V = flow rate of the carrier gas in consistent units. Dynamic absorption coefficient values fo r xenon and krypton were reported by Browning (Reference 5). General Electric (GE) has performed pilot plant tests at their Vallecitos Laboratory, and the resu lts were reported at the 12th AEC Air Cleaning Conference (Reference 6). Further GE data on a similar system operating at ambient temperatures have been reported in the GE proprietary topical report, "Experimental and Operational Confir mation of Off-Gas System Design Parameters" (Reference 3); nonproprietary portions of this information are reported in Reference 2. | |||
Carrier gas is the air inleakage from the main condenser after the radiolytic hydrogen and oxygen are removed by the recombiner. The air inleakage design basis is conservatively sized at 80 scfm total. The Sixth Edition of the Heat Exchange Institute Standards for Steam Surf ace Condensers (Reference 7, Par. 5-16 (c)(2)) indicates that with certain cond itions of stable op eration and suitable construction, noncondensables (not including radiological decomposition products) | |||
should not exceed 6 scfm for large condensers. Dresden-2, Fukushima-1, Tsuruga, and KRB have all operated at 6 scfm or below after initial startup (Table 6 of Reference 8). Dilution air is added to the system to maintain off-gas flow, if condenser inleakage is too low. | |||
The system is mechanically capable of processing 3 times the source term quantities of Table 11.3-1 without affecting delay time of the noble gases. With an air inleakage of 80 scfm, this treatment syst em results in a delay of 2.9 hours for krypton and 2.2 days for xenon. | |||
Hydrogen concentration of gases from the air ejector is kept below the flammable limit by maintaining adequate process steam flow for dilution at all times. This steam flow is monitored and alarmed in the main control room. The basis for sizing the catalytic recombiner is to maintain the hydrogen concentration below 4% (including steam) at the inlet using the dilu tion flow, and below 4% at the outlet on a dry basis. The exit hydrogen concentration is normally well below the 1% | |||
maximum allowed. | |||
Figure 11.3-1 is the flow diagram for the system. The process data for startup and normal operating conditions and the piping and instrument diagram are submitted as proprietary information under separate cover. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.15 System Design The system design was based on a noble gas activity release to the environs of about 25,000 µCi/sec from the system, based upon 80 scfm air inleakage and an input of LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-9 REV. 13 230,000 µCi of 7-minute- old "1971 Mixture." Th e isotopic composition is given in Table 11.3-1 in units of | |||
µCi/sec and Ci/yr. | |||
Iodine input into the off-gas system is small by virtue of its retention in reactor water and condensate. The iodine remainin g is essentially removed by adsorption in the charcoal. This is supported by the fact that charcoal filters normally remove 99.9% of the iodine in 2 inches of charcoal, whereas this system has approximately 76 feet of charcoal in the flow path. | |||
Particulates are removed with a 99.95% efficiency by a HEPA filt er as gas exits the holdup pipe. The noble gas decays within the intricacies of the activated charcoal, and daughters are entrapped there. The cha rcoal serves as an excellent filter for other particulates and essentially no part iculates exit from the charcoal. The charcoal is followed with a HEPA filter which is a safeguard against escape of charcoal dust. Particulate activity discharged from this system is essentially zero. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.16 Design Basis Inventories of Radionuclides The isotopic inventory of each piece of equipment is given in Chapter 15.0. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.17 Single Failure and Operator Errors | |||
Design provisions are incorporated to preclude the uncontrolled release of radioactive materials in the gaseous effluent | |||
: s. A single-failure an alysis is included in Table 11.3-4. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.18 Typical Operating Sequences 11.3.2.1.1.18.1 Pres tartup Preparations Prior to starting the main steam jet air ejectors (SJAE), the charcoal vault is temperature-controlled to near 77° F, the glycol cooler is chilled to near 35° F, glycol is circulated through the cooler condenser, the off-gas condenser cooling water is valved in, and the recombin er heaters are turned on. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.18.2 Startup As the reactor is pressurized, preheated steam is supplied and air is bled through the preheater and recombiner. The recombiner is preheated to at least 225° F with the air bleed and/or by admitting steam to the final SJAE. With the recombiners preheated and the charcoal adsorbers valved in, the SJAE string is started. As the condenser is pumped down and the reactor power increases, the recombiner inlet stream is diluted to less than 4% H 2 by volume by a fixed steam supply, and the off-gas condenser outlet is maintained at less than 1% hydrogen by volume. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-10 REV. 13 11.3.2.1.1.18.3 Normal Operation After startup, the noncondensibles pumped by the SJAE will stabilize. Recombiner performance is closely followed by the recorded temperature profile in the recombiner catalyst bed. The hydrogen effluent concentration is measured by a hydrogen analyzer. | |||
Normal operation is terminated following a normal reactor shutdown or a scram by terminating steam to the SJAE's and the preheater. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.19 Performance Tests 11.3.2.1.1.19.1 Main Condenser Steam Jet Air Ejector Off-Gas (RECHAR) System This system is used on a routine basis and does not require specific testing to assure operability. Monitoring equipment is ca librated and maintained on a specific schedule and on indication of malfunction. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.19.2 Recombiner | |||
Recombiner performance is continuously monitored and recorded by catalyst bed thermocouples that monitor the bed temperature profile and by a hydrogen analyzer that measures the hydrogen concentration of the effluent. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.20 Operator Expo sure Criteria and Controls This system is normally operated from the main control room. Equipment and process valves containing radioactive fluids are placed in shielded cells maintained at a pressure negative to normally occupied areas. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.21 Equipment Malfunction A malfunction analysis, indicating conseq uences and design precautions taken to accommodate failure of various components of the system, is given in Table 11.3-4. | |||
11.3.2.1.1.22 Equivalent Service Experience A system with similar equipment is in service at the KRB plant in Germany. Its performance is reviewed in Supplement 1 to Reference 8. Similar systems (ambient temperature charcoal) are in service at Dresden-2 and -3, Quad Cities-1 and -2, Pilgrim, Hatch-1, and Duane Arnold. Non-proprietary portions of Reference 8 are reported in Reference 3. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-11 REV. 13 11.3.2.2 Other Radioactive Gas Sources There are three general areas that cont ain gaseous radioactive sources: the primary containment, the secondary containment, and the radwaste building. Ventilation systems for these areas are described in Section 9.4. | |||
11.3.2.2.1 Prim ary Containment The primary containment is divided into two sections which are designated as the drywell and wetwell. These are separated by the drywell floor which serves as a pressure barrier between the drywell and wetwell (suppression chamber). The drywell atmosphere is exposed to a small neutron flux which penetrates the reactor vessel. This results in the production of a small amount of N-16. Since N-16 has a very short half-life (7.13 seconds), it will decay before anyone can be exposed to it and is, therefore, not a contributing source. | |||
Radioactive halogens and noble gases can be introduced into the drywell atmosphere from two sources. One source is the steam leakage that occurs from valves and equipment such as main recirc ulation pumps. This leakage is collected by means of leakoff lines which are directed to the drywell equipment drain sump. The other source of activity results from a pressure transient causing the main steam relief valves to open, with the resu lting flow of steam into the suppression pool. When this occurs, there is a small pressure buildup in the wetwell atmosphere. If the pressure differential across the drywell floor is greater than 0.5 psi, then the vacuum breaker valves relieve this pressure into the drywell atmosphere. Any elements that are present in the wetwell atmosphere are thus introduced into the drywell. The drywell atmosphere is purged or transported to the outside atmosphere via the station vent stack. When drywell access is required for a typical entry into the containment, this atmosphere is purged through the drywell purge and vent system. This purge and vent system is described in Section 9.4. 11.3.3 Radioactive Releases | |||
A single station vent stack has been built at LSCS to ensure that radioactive gaseous effluents and most plant ventilati on air is exhausted and dispersed in a manner that minimizes effluent concentratio ns. The effluent streams from typical radioactive sources are all treated prior to entry into the station vent stack. For instance, a multiple redundant off-gas system collects, treats, and filters the normal gaseous products from the main steam condenser. A standby gas treatment system with dual filter trains is provided for th e treatment of airborne contaminants in the secondary containment as a result of accide nt conditions. It is interconnected to accept effluent from either reactor building and exhaust it through the station vent stack. In parallel with this dual SGTS is a pair of primary containment purge and vent filter packages to clean up the drywell atmosphere prior to workers' entry for maintenance and service. It also purges the gaseous volume above the suppression LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-12 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 pools. Similarly, these dual filter trains are interconnected to serve either reactor unit and to exhaust through the station vent stack. | |||
Each reactor building ventilation system serves the refueling floor, the interconnected main steam tunnel, and the reactor building. Each ventilation system has a capacity of 110,800 scfm which undergoes industrial filtration prior to exhausting through the station vent stack. Multiple supply fans and exhaust fans are used with interlocking dampers and isolation controls to isolate the reactor building as needed. | |||
The turbine building ventilation system exha ust fans serves each turbine unit with a capacity of 210,000 scfm. Th is effluent also exhausts through the same station vent stack. | |||
The radwaste building ventilation system is HEPA filtered and monitored for radiation prior to its discharge into the station vent stack. Additionally, the station vent stack employs an isokinetic probe to assure precise effluent monitoring. When stack threshold values are reached, an alarm occurs which alerts operating personnel that if the increase continues, the possibility of exceeding 10 CFR 20 limits exists. | |||
Minor ventilation systems from the machin e shop and the laundry areas are also ducted to the station vent stack. | |||
The station vent stack has a physical elevatio n of 370 feet above plant grade. It is mounted on top of the auxiliary building. It also extends approximately 185 feet above the reactor building structure and was sized to eliminate building wake effects on effluent dispersal into the atmosphere. Exhaust velocities for normal operating conditions preclude deleterious wind interactions with the emergent plume for all except the most severe postulated winds. The standby gas treatment stack within the station vent stack assures plume rise above physical stack height for the postaccident effluent treatment situation. Stack diameters are shown on | |||
Figure 11.3-2 along with other gaseous effluent data and treatment equipment. | |||
Releases from the station vent stack are co nsidered to be elevated releases at all times for annual average estimates of down stream atmospheric dispersion because the stack exit velocity exceeds the horizontal wind speed by a fact or of five or more on the annual average basis. A summary of typical LSCS atmo spheric dispersion factors and deposition factor s is shown in Table 11.3-5. | |||
11.3.3.1 Expected Releases Expected releases of radioactive fission products including noble gases, halogens, and other specific isotopes were computed via assumptions outlined for the Appendix I tabulation of 10 CFR 50. Dose assessments were a ll within Appendix I guidelines for gaseous effluents as well as for all other effluents. These calculated LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-13 REV. 13 values and other effluent concentrations compared to Table II, Volume 1 of 10 CFR 20 provide analytical validations that radioactive releases are all within applicable guidelines even though extremely cons ervative assumptions are arbitrarily assigned for transport, release, dispersion, and intake parameters (Reference 9). | |||
A practical representation of the expected releases of radioactive gaseous effluents exists as a summary report of all availabl e release data from operating BWR plants of similar design but earlier vintage. The most recent compilation of such release data covering the years 1972 to 1975 included more than 16 plant-years of commercial operation. These measurements were accumulated by utility, federal, commercial, and industrial groups including the Atomic Energy Commission. | |||
Annual average release values were determined from statistical evaluations of thousands of individual measurements from sixteen domestic BWR stations as reported in Reference 10. | |||
The gaseous effluent treatment equipment in these plants is conceptually similar to that of LSCS; however, the LSCS systems include unique improvements in effluent conditioning and in their single point of release via the station vent stack. | |||
11.3.3.2 Reported Releases The annual release of inorganic iodine-131 is 0.093 curies per plan t per year. This inorganic I-131 includes particulate matter, elemental I 2 , and hypoiodous acid. | |||
The majority of the I-131 is released from the reactor building/containment structure with the principle form defined as methyl iodide (0.37 curies per plant per year) released during operation of the mechanical vacuum pump while refueling/maintenance outages exist. A pproximately 80% of the total I-131 annual release occurs under this outage conditio | |||
: n. See Table 11.3-6 for experience based annual estimated airborne releases of iodine | |||
-131. It is expected that LSCS gaseous effluence releases will be of this same magnitude. | |||
The annual release of noble radiogases is ex pected to be 6500 curies per plant. See Table 11.3-7 for the identity and quantity of each radioisotope expected to be released from an LSCS type plant per year. Noble radiogases contribute negligible offsite doses in comparison to normal background levels. For LSCS, it is expected that noble radiogas release will be of this same magnitude. | |||
11.3.4 References | |||
: 1. C. W. Miller et al., "A General Justification for Classification of Effluent Treatment System Equi pment as Group D," NEDO-10734, February 1973. | |||
: 2. D. Underhill et al., "Design of Fission Gas Holdup Systems," Proceedings of the 11th AEC Air Cl eaning Conference, 1970, p. 217. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-14 REV. 13 | |||
: 3. C. W. Miller, "Experimental and Operational Confirmation of Off-Gas System Design Parameters," NEDO-20116, October, 1973. | |||
: 4. L. B. Nesbitt, "Design Basi s for New Gas Syst ems," NEDE- 11146, July 1971 (Proprietary). | |||
: 5. W. E. Browning et al., "Removal of Fission Product Gases from Reactor Off-Gas Streams by Adsorption," (ORNL) CF59-6-47, June 11, 1959. | |||
: 6. D. P. Siegwarth, "Measurement of Dynamic Adsorption Coefficients for Noble Gases on Activated Carbon," 12th AEC Air Cleaning Conference. | |||
: 7. Standards for Steam Surface Condensers , Sixth Edition, Heat Exchange Institute, New York, N.Y., 1970. | |||
: 8. C. W. Miller, "Experimental and Operational Confirmation of Off-Gas System Design Parameters," NEDO-10751, January 1973 (Proprietary). | |||
: 9. "Information Relevant to Keeping Levels of Radioactivity in Effluents to Unrestricted Areas As Low As Reasonably Achievable," (filed in accordance with Section V.B. of 10 CFR 50, Appendix I), LaSalle County Station, Units 1 and 2, June 4, 1976. | |||
: 10. T. R. Marrero, "Airborne Released from BWR's for Environmental Impact Evaluations," NEDO-21159, March 1976. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-1 TABLE 11.3-1 REV. 8 - APRIL 1992 ESTIMATED RELEASE RATES FROM OFF-GAS SYSTEM CHARCOAL BEDS (PER UNIT) | |||
Isotope Release Rate from Reactor 1 (µCi/sec) Discharge Rate from Holdup Line 5 (µCi/sec) Discharge Rate from Charcoal Adsorbers 2 (µCi/sec) Annual Discharge from Charcoal Adsorbers 3 (Ci/yr) Kr-83m 3.4E+03 3.3E+03 1.1E+03 3.0E+04 Kr-85m 6.1E+03 6.0E+03 3.8E+03 1.0E+05 Kr-85 10 - 20 10 - 20 10 - 20 270 - 540 Kr-87 2.0E+04 1.9E+04 3.8E+03 1.0E+05 Kr-88 2.0E+04 1.9E+04 9.5E+03 2.5E+05 Kr-89 1.3E+05 2.9E+04 - - Kr-90 2.8E+05 3.7E+01 - - Kr-91 3.3E+05 - - - Kr-92 3.3E+05 - - - Kr-93 9.3E+04 - - - Kr-94 2.3E+04 - - - Kr-95 2.1E+03 - - - Kr-97 1.4E+01 - - - Xe-131m 1.5E+01 1.5E+01 1.3E+01 3.5E+02 Xe-133m 2.9E+02 2.9E+02 1.5E+02 4.0E+03 Xe-133 8.2E+03 8.2E+03 6.1E+03 1.6E+05 Xe-135m 2.6E+04 1.9E+04 - - Xe-135 2.2E+04 2.2E+04 4.0E+02 1.1E+04 Xe-137 1.5E+05 4.3E+04 - - Xe-138 8.9E+04 6.3E+04 - - Xe-139 2.8E+05 2.1E+02 - - Xe-140 3.0E+05 - - - Xe-141 2.4E+05 - - - Xe-142 7.3E+04 - - - Xe-143 1.2E+04 - - - Xe-144 5.6E+02 - - - Total 2.4E+06 2.3E+05 2.5E+04 6.7E+05 | |||
NOTES: 1. 1971 mixture with no decay (see UFSAR Table 11.1-1). | |||
: 2. Condenser air inleakage rate = 80 scfm. 3. Plant Capacity Factor = 0.85. | |||
: 4. 10 to 20 | |||
µCi/sec Kr-85 estimated from experimental observations. 5. Holdup time approximately 7 minutes. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-2 (Sheet 1 of 2) TABLE 11.3-2 REV. 8 - APRIL 1992 OFF-GAS SYSTEM MAJOR EQUIPMENT ITEMS | |||
* Off-Gas Preheaters - Two Construction: Stainless steel tubes and carbon steel shell. 350 psig shell design pressure, 1,000 psig tube design pressure. 400°F shell design temperature, 575°F tube design temperature. | |||
Catalytic Recombiners - Two Construction: Stainless steel cartridge, Cr-Mo steel shell. Catalyst cartridge containing a precious metal catalyst on nichrome strips. Catalyst cartridge to be replaceable without removing vessel. 350 psig design pressure. 900°F design temperature. | |||
Off-Gas Condenser - Two Construction: Cr-Mo steel shell. Stainless steel tubes. 350 psig shell design pressure. 250 psig tube design pressure. 900°F design temperature. | |||
Water Separator - Two Construction: Carbon steel shell, stainless steel wire mesh. 350 psig design pressure. 250°F design temperature. | |||
Holdup Piping Construction: Carbon steel. Radiographed, buried, with the outside wrapped and coated for corrosion protection. Ends and elbows reinforced to 1,000 psig design pressure. 150°F design temperature. | |||
Cooler-Condenser - Two Construction: Stainless steel shell. Stainless steel tubes. 100 psig tube design pressure. 350° psig shell design pressure. 150°F tube design temperature. 150°F shell design temperature. | |||
Moisture Separators (Downstream of cooler-condenser) - Two Construction: Carbon steel shell, stainless steel wire mesh. 350 psig design pressure. 150°F design temperature. | |||
Off-Gas Reheater - One Construction: Carbon steel pipe. Electrical resistance heaters on outside of pipe. | |||
* Design codes and standards are provided in Chapter 3.0, Table 3.2-1. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-2 (Sheet 2 of 2) TABLE 11.3-2 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 Glycol Tank - One Construction: Carbon steel. 3000 gal. Water-filled hydrostatic design pressure. O° F design temperature. | |||
Glycol Refrigeration Machines and Motor Drives - Two Construction: Conventional refrigeration units. Glycol exit solution temperature 35° F. | |||
Glycol Pumps and Motor Drives - Two Construction: Carbon steel, 1-1/2-inch suction x 3-inch discharge connections, 85-ft total head, 0° F design temperature. | |||
Prefilters and After Filters - Two of each type | |||
Construction: Carbon steel shell. HEPA, moisture-resistant filter element. Flanged shell. 350 psig design pressure. 130° F design temperature. | |||
Carbon Bed Adsorbers - 8 beds | |||
Construction: Carbon steel. 4 feet ID x 21 feet vessels each with a 16-foot packed section containing ~3 tons of 8-14 mesh carbon, Co lumbia G or equivalent. Design pressure 350 psig Design temperature 130° F. | |||
Off-Gas Pressurized Drain Tank - One Construction: Carbon steel. 300 gallon capacity, 350 psig design pressure, 140° F design temperature. | |||
Steam Jet Air Ejectors - Two Construction: Carbon steel shell. Stainless steel tubes. Shell side design pressure: 250 psig. Ejector side design pressure: 1050 psig. Final discharge pressure: 6 psig. Temperature 228°F LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-3 TABLE 11.3-3 REV. 3 - APRIL 1987 OFF-GAS SYSTEM PROCESS INSTRUMENT ALARMS MAIN CONTROL ROOM PARAMETER INDICATED ONLY RECORDED Preheater discharge temperature - low X X Recombiner catalyst temperature - high/low X Off-gas condenser drain well (dual) level - high/low X (Local) Off-gas condenser gas discharge temperature - high X (Local) | |||
H 2 analyzer (off-gas condenser discharge) - (dual) - | |||
high X Refrigeration machine inoperable X Off-gas condenser discharge radiation - high X Normal gas flow (off-gas condenser discharge) - | |||
high/low X Startup gas flow (off-gas condenser discharge) - high X Cooler-condenser discharge temperature high/low X Glycol solution temperature - high/low X Glycol level - low X Charcoal bed temperature - high X Charcoal vault temperature - high/low X Prefilter differential pressure - high X After filter differential pressure - high X Off-gas (carbon bed discharge) radiation high X X Charcoal Vault Radiation - high X Off-gas pressure drain tank levels X Instrumentation elements: Temperature- thermocouple Level - differential pressure diaphragm LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-4 (Sheet 1 of 4) TABLE 11.3-4 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 OFF-GAS SYSTEM EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTION ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT ITEM MALFUNCTION CONSEQUENCES DESIGN PRECAUTIONS Preheaters Steam leak Would further dilute process off-gas. Steam consumption would increase. Spare preheater. Low pressure steam supply Recombiner performance would fall off at low power level, and hydrogen content of recombiner gas discharge would increase, eventually to a combustible mixture. Low-temperature alarms on preheater exit and recombiner inlet. Recombiner H 2 analyzer. Recombiners Catalyst gradually deactivates Temperature profile changes through catalyst. Eventually excess H 2 would be detected by H 2 analyzer or by gas flowmeter. Eventually the gas could become combustible. Temperature probes in recombiner and H 2 analyzer provided. Spare recombiner. Catalyst gets wet at start H 2 conversion falls off and H 2 is detected by downstream analyzers. Eventually the gas could become combustible. Condensate drains, temperature probes in recombiner. Air bleed system at startup. Recombiner thermal blanket, spare recombiner, and heater. Hydrogen | |||
analyzer. Off-gas condenser Cooling water leak The coolant (reactor condensate) would leak to the process gas (shell) side. This would be detected if drain well liquid level increases. Moderate leakage would be of no concern from a process stand point. (The process condensate drains to the hotwell.) Spare condenser provided. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-4 (Sheet 2 of 4) TABLE 11.3-4 REV. 8 - APRIL 1992 EQUIPMENT ITEM MALFUNCTION CONSEQUENCES DESIGN PRECAUTIONS Drain well Liquid level instruments fail If both drain valves fail to open, water will build up in the condenser and pressure drop will increase. | |||
Two separate drain systems, each, provided with high- and low-level alarms. The high P, if not detected by instrumentation, could cause pressure buildup in the main condenser and eventually | |||
initiate a reactor scram. | |||
If a drain valve fails to close, gas will recycle to the main condenser, increase the load on the SJAE, and cause back pressure on the main condenser, eventually causing a reactor scram. Water separator Corrosion of wire mesh element Higher quantity of water collected in 30-minute holdup line and routed to radwaste. | |||
Stainless steel me sh specified. Holdup line Corrosion of line Leakage to soil of gaseous and liquid fission products. Outside of pipe dipped and wrapped. Cooler-condensers Corrosion of finned tube Glycol-water solution would leak into process (shell) side and be discharged to clean radwaste. If not detected at radwaste, the glycol solution would discharge to the reactor condensate system. Stainless-steel-finned tubes specified. The inventory of glycol-water can be observed in tank. A002 - spare cooler provided. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-4 (Sheet 3 of 4) TABLE 11.3-4 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 EQUIPMENT ITEM MALFUNCTION CONSEQUENCES DESIGN PRECAUTIONS Icing up of finned tube Shell side of cooler could plug up with ice, gradually building up pressure drop. If this happens the spare unit could be activated. Complete blockage of both units would increase P and lead to a reactor scram. Design glycol-H 2 O solution temperature of 35° to 40°F. Spare unit provided. Redundant temperature indication and alarm systems. Moisture Separators Corrosion of wire mesh element Increased moisture would be retained in process gas routed to charcoal adsorbers. Over a long period, the charcoal performance would deteriorate as a result of moisture pickup. Stainless steel me sh specified. Spare unit provided. Prefilters Holes in filter media More radioactivity would deposit on the charcoal in the first adsorber vessel of the train. This would increase the radiation level in the charcoal vault and make maintenance more difficult. P instrumentation provided. Spare unit provided. Charcoal adsorbers Charcoal gets wet Charcoal performance will deteriorate gradually as charcoal gets wet. Holdup times for krypton and xenon will decrease, and plant emissions will increase. Highly instrumented mechanically simple gas dehumidification system with redundant equipment. Vault air conditioning units Mechanical failure If ambient temperature exceeds approximately 80°F, increased emission could occur. Spare air conditioning unit provided. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-4 (Sheet 4 of 4) TABLE 11.3-4 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 EQUIPMENT ITEM MALFUNCTION CONSEQUENCES DESIGN PRECAUTIONS If ambient temperature is below approximately 60° F, charcoal could pick up additional moisture. Vault temperature alarms provided. After filters Hole in filter media Probably of no real consequence. The charcoal media itself should be a good filter at the low air velocity. P instrumentation provided. Spare unit provided. Glycol refrigeration machines Mechanical failure If spare unit fails to operate, the glycol solution temperature will rise and the dehumidification system performance will deteriorate. This will cause gradual buildup of moisture on the charcoal, with increased | |||
plant emissions. Spare refrigerator provided. Glycol solution temperature alarms provided. Steam jet air ejectors Low flow of motive high-pressure steam When the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations exceed 4 and 5 volume percent, respectively, the process gas becomes flammable. Alarms provided on steam for low steam flow and low steam pressure. | |||
Inadequate steam flow will cause overheating and deterioration of the catalyst. | |||
Steam flow to be held at constant maximum flow regardless of plant power level. | |||
Wear of steam supply nozzle of ejector Increased steam flow to recombiner. This could reduce degree of recombination at low power levels. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-5 TABLE 11.3-5 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
OF ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION FACTORS | |||
** AND DEPOSITION VALUES | |||
* FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS | |||
** LOCATION /Q (sec/m 3) D/Q (1/m 2) Nearest milk cow (5.00 mi E) 1.7E-08 1.6E-10 Nearest meat animal (0.80 mi SW) 1.4E-08 5.0E-10 Nearest residence | |||
(0.60 mi S) 7.5E-09 3.7E-10 Nearest vegetable garden | |||
(0.90 mi WSW) 1.2E-08 4.9E-10 Nearest site boundary | |||
(0. 31 mi W) 5.7E-09 4.8E-10 | |||
* Using one year of meteorological data obtained at LSCS site. | |||
** Calculated using the methodology of Regulatory Guide 1.111, "Methods of Estimating Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion of Gaseous Effluents in Routine Releases from Light-Water Cooled Reactors, " Revision 1, July 1977. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-6 TABLE 11.3-6 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 ESTIMATED ANNUAL AIRBORNE RELEASES OF IODINE-131 FROM BWR'S DURING POWER GENERATION AND REFUELING/ | |||
MAINTENANCE OUTAGE CURIES PER PLANT CHEMICAL FORM OF IODINE-131 INORGANIC ORGANIC (PARTICULATE + ELEMENTAL + HYPOIODOUS ACID) (CH3l) | |||
OPERATING PERIOD OPERATING PERIOD Plant Source Total Release (Inorganic) | |||
Power Generation Refueling + Outage Total Release (Organic) Reactor Building 0.0594 0.0083 + 0.0233 = 0.0316 Radwaste Building 0.0050 0.0146 + 0.0144 = 0.0290 Turbine Building 0.0156 0.0015 + 0.0048 = 0.0065 Gland Seal 0 0 - = 0 Mechanical Vacuum Pump 0.0085 - 0.2741 = 0.2741 0.093 0.37 Power Refueling Generation + Outage 0.0160 + 0.0434 = | |||
0.0039 + 0.0011 = | |||
0.0112 + 0.0044 = | |||
0 - = - 0.0085 = | |||
Total* (Inorganic) = rate 0.0029µCi/s Total* (Organic) = rate 0.012µCi/s | |||
* Total rounded to 2 significant figures. | |||
** The gland seal steam release for LSCS is zero because of its separate steam on the gland seals. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-7 TABLE 11.3-7 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 MIXED NOBLE RADIOGAS NUCLIDES, CURIES/YEAR SOURCE NUCLIDE HALF-LIFE REACTOR TURBINE RADWASTE MVP TOTAL b Kr-89 3.2m 1 503 34 c ND 538 Xe-137 3.9m 78 386 113 c ND 577 Xe-138 14.2m 12 1179 2 ND 1193 Xe-135m 15.7m 111 464 667 ND 1242 Kr-87 76m 6 95 a ND 101 Kr-88 2.79h 9 102 a ND 111 Kr-85m 4.4h 6 2 a ND 8 Xe-135 9.16h 173 672 328 200 1373 Xe-133m 2.3d ND ND 60 ND 60 Xe-133 5.27d 103 581 294 300 1278 Total Annual Release 500 4000 1500 500 6500 | |||
a = Less than 1 curie/year. b = Excludes gland seal steam release because it is nonradioactive steam. c = These results are overestimates because such short-lived radioisotopes are not normally expected in the radwaste building; however, data have been reported for these species at one plant. ND = Not Detected. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-1 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 11.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 11.4.1 Design Bases The solid radwaste system has been designed to receive, dewater, solidify, package, handle, and provide temporary storage facilities for all radioactive wet solid wastes generated by Units 1 and 2 prior to offsite shipment and disposal. The solid waste management system also receives, decontaminates and/or compacts, and provides temporary storage facilities for all radioactive dry wastes produced during station operation and maintenance prior to offsite shipment and disposal. In addition, the station utilizes offsite vendor servicesw for Dry Active Waste (DAW) processing. These services may include compaction, incineration, thermal processing, and/or sorting of the radioactive waste (DAW). | |||
A system bypass (Figure 11.4-1) allows connection to portable equipment. This enables the use of state of the art radwaste processing technology necessary to comply with evolving federal, state and burial site criteria. | |||
Process Control Program (PCP) - Shall co ntain the current formulas, sampling, analysis, test, and determinations to be made to ensure that processing and packaging of solid radioactive wastes based on demonstrated processing of actual or simulated wet solid wastes will be accomplished in such a way as to assure compliance with 10 CFR parts 20, 61, and 71, State regulation, burial ground requirements, and other requirements governing the disposal of solid radioactive waste. Changes to the PCP shall be documented and records of reviews performed shall be retained. This documentation shall contain: | |||
Sufficient information to support the change together with the appropriate analyses or evaluations justifying the change(s) and, A determination that the change will maintain the overall conformance of the solidified waste product to existing requirements of Federal, State, or other applicable regulations. | |||
Changes shall become effective after review and acceptance, including approval by the Station Manager. | |||
11.4.1.1 Power Generation Design Bases | |||
The solid radwaste system is designed to minimize the volume of waste requiring shipment offsite. The system is designed specifically for a 40-year service life, maximum reliability, minimum maintenance, and minimum exposure to operating and maintenance personnel. The system ha s the flexibility to handle a wide range of radioactive waste products. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-1a REV. 20, APRIL 2014 Equipment and storage capacities, as noted in Table 11.4-1, are selected to meet the station's solid waste processing needs in all the operational modes of the station, including anticipated operational occurrences, without impairing the power generation availability of the station. | |||
In addition, a separate, interim radwaste storage facility (IRSF) provides contingency storage space for approxim ately 80 years of abnormal output of processed, solid waste. Any waste stored in the IRSF will have been prepared for shipment and disposal. Amendment No. 202 to Facility Operating License No. NPF-11 and Amendment No. 189 to Facility Operating License No. NPF-18, allows Exelon Generation Company, LLC, LaSalle County Station, Units 1 and 2, pursuant to the Act and 10 CFR Parts 30, 40, and 70, to possess, but not separate, such byproduct and special nuclear materials as may be produced by the operation of LaSalle County Station, Units 1 and 2, and such Class B and Class C low-level radioactive waste as may be produced by the operation of Braidwood Station, Units 1 and 2, Byron Station, Unit Nos. 1 an d 2 and Clinton Power Station, Unit 1. | |||
An interim storage facility for dry active waste is provided. The facility is designed to hold an approximate two-year inventory of dry active waste which may be stored for a period of up to five years time. | |||
Turning pads 4 & 5 have each been designed for the storage of a maximum of 8 loaded low-level waste casks. | |||
11.4.1.2 Safety Design Bases | |||
The solid radwaste system is designed to package radioactive wastes for offsite shipment and burial or onsite storage in accordance with applicable NRC, DOT, and Burial Site regulations including 49 CFR 170-178 and 10 CFR 71. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-2 REV. 13 System safety is emphasized through red undancy in design of primary components, compartmentalization of equipment layout, remote automatic and/or manual operation, shielding, containment of po ssible spills and displaced air, remote decontamination, if required, accurate process monitoring, and interlocking of process controls. | |||
Complete solidification of concentrator waste and sump sludge wastes is maintained by testing probable waste constituents and th e solidification agent prior to start of operation. A set of process parameters is formulated fo r each type of waste which establishes operational boundary conditions. Operation of the solid radwaste system adheres to these boundary condit ions with conformance recorded for individual batches, thereby reasonably assuring complete solidification. | |||
The solid radwaste system is designed to "fail safe" upon loss of system power, water, or air supply. System controls are designed to avoid a malfunction or spill due to operator error. The system is designed to reduce decontamination and cleaning requirements. | |||
The solid radwaste system is enclosed in a Seismic Category II structure. The below grade walls are part of the total structural shear wall system and as such are designed to withstand the effects of an earthquake. All piping and components of the system are designed and constructed in accordance with requirements for classification of NRC Quality Group D. | |||
Portable equipment should incorporate safety design features as stated for the solid radwaste system where feasible. Regu latory Guide 1.143 seismic criteria to structures housing solid waste systems are not applicable to portable Solid Waste System (ETSB-11-3). | |||
The IRSF is designed in accordance with the guidance provided by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Standard Review Plan (SRP) 11.4, Solid Waste Management Systems, Appendix 11.4-A, Design Guidance for Temporary Onsite Storage of Low Level Radioactive Waste. | |||
The design bases solid radw aste system output is 3500 to 8050 drums per year. The Solid Radwaste System operation is controlled by the station Process Control Program. 11.4.1.3 Types of Waste Wet solid wastes are transported to the solid radwaste system from the liquid radwaste system via the sludge subsystem described in Subsection 11.2.2.5. The types of waste handled by the solid radwaste system consist of the following: | |||
: a. Expended deep bed demineralizer bead resins consisting primarily of a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-3 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 b. Waste filter sludge consisting of spent precoat material, and solid filter cartridges. | |||
: c. Cleanup and fuel pool filter-demineralizer sludge consisting primarily of powdered demineralizer resins. | |||
: d. Evaporator concentrates: consists of inputs from floor drain and chemical waste concentrators (evaporator bottoms concentrated to approximately 25% total solid by we ight). (The evaporators are no longer operated and are abandoned-in-place.) | |||
: e. Laundry waste consisting primarily of detergent water with suspended and dissolved solids. | |||
: f. Ultrasonic resin cleaner sludge consisting primarily of piping corrosion products and resin fines. | |||
: g. Low-level dry active wastes consisting of air filters; miscellaneous paper, rags, etc., from contaminated areas; contaminated clothing, tools, and equipment parts which cannot be effectively decontaminated; and solid laboratory wastes. High- level dry wastes consist mostly of equipment that has been activated during reactor operation (e.g., core components). | |||
11.4.1.4 Expected Volumes | |||
Table 11.4-2 indicates the design-basis solid radwaste system output (maximum and expected annual volumes). The radionuclide content of the various types of waste is indicated in Table 11.2-4. | |||
LaSalle Station can receive a maximum of approximately five to eight total shipments of Class B and Class C LLRW liners per year to the LSCS IRSF from the combination of Braidwood Station Units 1 & 2, Byron Station Units 1 & 2, and Clinton Power Station Unit 1. The IRSF is limited to accepting containers no larger than a standard size 195 cubic feet liner. This is due to the seven by seven foot notch opening to the storage bay. | |||
The LSCS solid radwaste system is designed to package radioactiv e wastes for offsite shipment and burial or onsite storage in accordance with applicable NRC, DOT, and Burial Site regulations including 49 CFR 170-178 and 10 CFR 71. The processing area for LLRW shipping containers at LSCS consists of six concrete cubicles each designed to hold one LLRW shipping container (i.e., up to 200 cubic feet). The containers are either carbon steel liners or polyethylene High Integrity Containers (HICs). | |||
11.4.2 System Description Operation of the solid waste management system is indicated by Figure 11.4-1. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-3a REV. 20, APRIL 2014 The solid radwaste system is comprised of the following components or subsystems. | |||
11.4.2.1 Drum Preparation Station This subsystem is no longer used and is abandoned-in-place. The design basis information for the system rema ins the historical reference. This subsystem consists of cement unloading, storing, feeding, weighi ng, and conveying equipme nt used to load 55-gallon drums with the correct weight of cement. A mixing weight is added to the drum to ensure uniform mixing when the drum is tumbled. | |||
The drum preparation station area is maintained dry and is enclosed within curbing to prevent mixing of spilled cement with water. The cement storage tank contains a pressure relief valve to prevent pressurization of the tank during filling with cement. | |||
This subsystem is designed for dust-free oper ation with an exhaust air filter assembly attached to the side of the cement storage tank to capture cement dust generated within the tank. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-4 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 11.4.2.2 Decanting Station Original Design Basis This subsystem consists of a stainless steel decanting tank that can receive and mix spent resins, waste filter sludges, filter-demineralizer sludges, or ultrasonic resin cleaner sludges; a progressive cavity deca nting pump that dewaters excess liquid; a positive displacement piston-type metering pump that transports accurate quantities of waste from the decanting tank to the drum; and all associated valves and instrumentation. | |||
This equipment is bolted to a thick machined steel shield wall which is attached to a mechanical steel insert fit into an opening in the concrete shield wall. Processing equipment in contact with radioactive materi als is located on the radioactive side of the shield wall. Located on the low radiation side of the shield wall are the decanting station drives, limit switches, and instrumentation so that most maintenance can be performed with minimum exposure to personnel. Most accessory valves whose operators and limi t switches are located on the decanting tank side of the shield wall can be mutually operated from the lower radiation side. | |||
Operation shafts and plugs extending through the wall are stepped to prevent direct radiation passage from one side of the wall to the other. Service pipes or tubing and electrical wires from the radioactive side to the low radiation side of the shield wall pass over the top rather than through it. | |||
At the upper side of the closed tank a connection for emergency overflow directs any overflow to a sump. A vent nozzle is prov ided for venting air displaced when filling the tank to the plant radioactive vent system. A movable decanting arm is used to decant water to the liquid and liquid slurry interface level. Two ultrasonic sensors located at the inlet nozzle are used to detect arm position and the liquid and liquid slurry interface level. Mechanical lim it switches prevent overtravel of the decanting arm. | |||
The metering pump can also be used to flush radwaste pipe to the radwaste holding tanks. When used in conjunction with the task internal spray nozzles, the metering pump can be used to minimize the decant tank radiation levels for required maintenance in the tank areas. | |||
Current Design Basis | |||
This subsystem consists of a stainless steel decanting tank that receives decant water from vendor waste processing, a positive displacement piston-type metering LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-5 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 pump that returns the tank contents to the liquid radwater system, and associated valves and instrumentation. | |||
This equipment is located on the radioactive side of a shield wall. Most valves whose operators and limit switches are located on the radiation side of the shield wall can be operated from the low radiation side. Where practical, valve operators, limit switches, and instrumentation are located on the low ra diation side of the sh ield wall so that most maintenance can be performed with minimum exposure to personnel. | |||
Process piping, hoses, and electrical wires from the radiation side to the low radiation side of the shield wall pass over the shield wall rather than through it. | |||
The decant tank is a closed tank, with an emergency overflow line which directs overflows to a sump. A vent line routes air displaced when filling the tank to the plant radioactive vent system. | |||
Drum processing unit components not used in the Current Design Basis are abandoned-in-place. | |||
11.4.2.3 Drumming Station The clean condensate line to the 'A' Drum Processing Unit (DPU) (which previously routed water for DPU and drum washing) has been converted to a waste line for routing floor drain and chemical waste to a vend or skid. (See Subsections 11.2.2.2 and 11.2.2.3). | |||
The 'B' DPU is no longer used to process solid waste. Instead, the waste is processed through a vendor skid, as discusse d in subsections 11.4.1 and 11.4.2. | |||
Except as described above, this subsystem is no longer used and is abandoned-in-place. The design basis information for the system remains for historical reference. This station consists of a drum processing unit and a heat traced positive displacement metering pump. Both are attached to the radioactive side of a shielding wall identical to the one supporting the decanting station (described in Subsection 11.4.2.2). Also attached to the shield wall is a remotely removable platform with a scale and radiation monitor. This provides weight and activity level readouts on the control console of the drum after removal from the drum processing unit. | |||
The pump fills the drum with accurate quantities of evaporator concentrates. The drum processing unit is essentially a stainless steel box with an air-cylinder actuated hatch in the top. The following operations occur within the confines of the drum processing unit: cap removal, drum filling, cap reinsertion, tumbling of the drum for mixing, and washing the exterior of the drum, if necessary. These operations are performed remotely. The operating mode can be automatic or manual. For safety reasons, opening and closing of the hatch is not part of the automatic cycle. All motions are interlocked to ensure correct sequencing. Lights at the control console indicate the LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-6 REV. 13 operating status of the drum processing uni | |||
: t. If malfunction occurs, the operator can quickly diagnose the cause and decide whether to clear the fault or change to manual control. Automatic sequencing is locked out until the malfunction has been corrected. | |||
Air displaced during filling is vented through an annular passage around the fill nozzle and discharged to the drum processing unit which is maintained at a negative pressure with respect to the plant radioactive vent system assuring sufficient air circulation to keep the drum s clean. Two separate fill nozzles are provided: one for sludge/slurry waste, one for concentrated waste. A sonic type overflow sensor is located in the filling nozzles to prevent spills or excessive liquid level in the drum due to automatic control failure or operator error. In the drum processing unit the drum is placed in a movable cradle which raises the drum until the fill nozzle is inside the drum cap fitting before filling starts. | |||
Limit switches will not permit flow until the drum is in the proper position. A measured amount of clean water flush occurs automatically afte r the filling cycle to clear radioactive material from the fill nozzle. After each drum filling a pause occurs to permit dribble to enter the drum before it is disengaged from the filling nozzle. | |||
The assembly is equipped with spray nozzles for decontamination of the inside of the drum processing unit as well as washing the exterior of a drum during tumbling, if required. | |||
The system has the capability of refilling a drum with waste after the initial tumbling mixing sequence. Separate nozzl es provide the flexib ility of filling the second time with a different type of waste. | |||
11.4.2.4 Container Handling Equipment This equipment includes two remote operated cranes with television cameras for visual surveillance. The cranes are used to remotely transport and position sealed drums or high integrity containers and liners in either high, low, or intermediate level storage, and retrieve and transport them to trucks for offsite disposal. Two electrical circuits are provided for the trolley, bridge, and hoist: one for the high-speed and one for the low-speed motors. This ensures that electrical failure will not prevent remote removal of the crane fr om a radiation zone or completing the operation in process at time of failure. A crane target grid system combined with television cameras is provided for accurate remote control positioning. For safety, the container must be raised to the full-up position before high speed operation is possible, and the container cannot be releas ed from the grab while the container is suspended. A soft start-stop drive system for the crane is installed for smoother operation and reduced mechanical brake maintenance. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-7 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 11.4.2.5 Smear Test and Label Station This subsystem is no longer used an d is abandoned in place. The design information for the system remains for historical reference. This portion of the solid waste management system consists of a setdown position for drums behind a small shield wall equipped with access plugs and working tools to accomplish remote labeling, smear testing, and radiation monito ring of all external surfaces of sealed drums prior to offsite disposal. | |||
11.4.2.6 Dry Waste Compactor The dry waste compactor compresses paper, fabrics, plastics, and light metal into 55-gallon drums. An air filtration assemb ly is provided to maintain control of contaminated particles during compactor operation. Capture of radioactive dust is accomplished by means of a roughing filter and two HEPA filters operating in parallel. A connection is included for attaching the filtration system outlet to the plant radioactive vent system. | |||
The radioactivity of most of the dry waste is low enough to permit handling by contact. The compactor is designed to meet OSHA standards for safe operation and built to standards for a 40-year expected life of the station. | |||
11.4.2.7 Storage Areas Shielded areas are provided in the radwaste building for storage of high, low, and intermediate level sealed drums and compacted dry waste drums per requirements noted in Table 11.4-1. The low level and intermediate level storage areas located on the southern portion of the radwaste building are currently used to stage a vendor liquid radwaste processing system. Visual surveillance for the high, low and intermediate level storage area is provided by television cameras. The high level storage area consists of a series of concrete plugs for additional shielding during storage. Storage is provided for incompressible dry solid waste. | |||
The IRSF provides contingency interim stor age for processed, solidified waste and dewatered resins. A program of quarterly visual inspection and surveillance of the IRSF will be performed with CCTV monitors. Visual inspection of waste containers will be performed to the greatest extent possible without movement of the containers. Containers will be inspected for signs of degradation and loss of integrity. The placement of containers of radwaste in the IRSF is controlled by administrative procedures to assure that the building exterior dose rate limits are | |||
never exceeded. | |||
An interim storage facility for dry active waste is provided. The facility is designed to hold an approximate two-year inventory of dry active waste which may be stored for a period of up to five years time. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-8 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 Radioactive waste and materials are stored in various locations within the station's outside buildings and outside on turning pads 4 & 5 (Ref. dwg. S-1720). The exterior dose rate limits of the storage locations are administratively controlled. Routine surveillances of these storage areas ensure container integrity. | |||
An area adjacent to the ISFSI will be used to provide long term storage of low level waste using a Holtec container design which has some design features similar to the existing dry waste storage system. | |||
11.4.2.8 Control Station This area provides the capability of remo te visual monitoring and control of the solid radwaste system at one control panel located in the radwaste control room. A liquid/solid interface control panel is prov ided for transferring waste to the solid radwaste system from the liquid radwaste system sludge subsystem. A record board is mounted on the radwaste control r oom wall to record the location of all drums within the drumming area. Drum set-down positions are represented by hooks onto which are placed circular discs. The discs are inscribed with the identification number of the drum, its weight, the date it was drummed, and the drum radiation level as of that date. | |||
The IRSF has a control room from which all waste monitoring and handling is controlled, using the IRSF building crane. The system for recording the location of stored waste in the IRSF is the same as that discussed above. | |||
11.4.2.9 Processing Area For Radwaste Shipping Containers This area consists of six concrete cubicl es each designed to hold one Radwaste Shipping Container (up to 200 cubic feet si ze). The containers are either carbon steel liners or polyethylene High Integrity Containers. The containers are remotely transported using the overhead crane s discussed in Section 11.4.2.4. | |||
Each cubicle will have a removable lead/steel cover to provide shielding for workers. The covers have a removable center plug to allow access to the container for filling. | |||
The containers will be filled, solidified, or dewatered, as required by the Radwaste Process Control Program. | |||
Each cubicle is connected to the floor dr ain system which is routed to the liquid radwaste system. Additionally this area is provided with curbing to contain potential spills outside of the cubicles. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.4-1 (SHEET 1 of 2) TABLE 11.4-1 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND STORAGE DESIGN CAPACITIES RADWASTE BUILDING PROCESSING EQUIPMENT QUANTITY DESIGN CAPACITY Decanting Tank 2 500 gallons Decanting Pump 2 18 gpm Metering Pump 4 15 gpm Cement Storage Tank 1 1000 ft 3 (No longer used) Drum Processing Unit 2 ---- (No longer used) | |||
Packaging Container - 55 gallons (No longer used) | |||
Dry Waste Compactor 1 ---- | |||
Bridge Crane* 2 9.3 tons STORAGE AREA NUMBER OF STORAGE AREAS DESIGN CAPACITY PER STORAGE AREA Low level (<1.5 R/hr) *** 1 435 drums (Historical) Intermediate level (1.5 R/hr - 5 R/hr) *** 1 395 drums (Historical) High level (>5 R/hr) 2 208 drums Dry compacted waste 1 75 drums Dry uncompacted waste 1 90 ft 3 Empty drum 4 200 drums (total) | |||
DAW** 1 16,200 ft 3 *Overhead Crane Operating Speeds | |||
** Not in Radwaste Building ***Currently used to stage Vendor Liquid Radwaste Processing System High-Speed Low-Speed Drum Grab Hoist 30 fpm 7 5 fpm LOAD < 1 TON LOAD > 1 TON BRIDGE ** 0-125 fpm 0-40 fpm TROLLEY ** 0-125 fpm 0-40 fpm | |||
** Backup circuit speed - 2 fpm | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.4-1 (SHEET 2 of 2) TABLE 11.4-1 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND STORAGE DESIGN CAPACITIES Interim Radwaste Storage Facility STORAGE AREA NUMBER OF STORAGE AREAS DESIGN CAPACITY PER STORAGE AREA 200 R/hr 1 Maximum expected dose on contact on HIC delivered from Braidwood, Byron and Clinton 380 R/hr 1 Maximum expected dose on contact for LaSalle HIC Accident Drop Analysis (Calc L-003430) 25 R/hr 1 Maximum expected contact dose for HIC at the IRSF wall (135 containers per layer and 270 HIC containers double stacked) 50 R/hr 1 Maximum expected dose from upper layer of containers 100 mrem/hr N/A Maximum dose in the IRSF Truck Bay | |||
< 10 mrem/hr N/A Expected maximum dose in the IRSF control room and outside the IRSF 20-Ton Overhead Crane Operating Speeds High-Speed (fpm) Low-Speed (fpm) | |||
Bridge 94 5 Trolley 70 5 Drum Grab Hoist 17 3.3 Turning Pads 4 & 5 DESIGN CAPACITY PER TURNING PAD8 low-level waste casks (max.) | |||
*Dose rate at inside surface of storage area wall. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.4-2 (SHEET 1 of 2) TABLE 11.4-2 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 EXPECTED AND DESIGN ANNUAL VOLUMES OF (UNITS 1 & 2) | |||
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OUTPUT TYPE OF WASTE VOLUME DRUMS* a. Deep Bed Resin 2,968 ft 3 740 b. Waste Filter Sludge 26,242 - 79,735 gal 875 - 2,660 c. Filter-Demineralizer Sludge 2,019 - 7,065 gal 70 - 235 d. Evaporator Concentrates (Note 4) Floor Drain Waste 8,000 - 12,000 gal 270 - 400 Regenerant Solutions (Note 1) 50,000 - 120,000 gal 1670 - 4000 e. Laundry (Note 2) 3,000 - 4,000 gal 100 - 140 f. URC Sludge 5,300 - 7,420 gal 175 - 250 TOTAL SOLIDIFIED 116,760 - 252,420 gal 3,900 - 8,425 g. Dry Active Waste 8,000 ft 3 h. Vendor System Waste (Note 3) 2,120 ft 3 i. IRSF Storage Liners from BRW, BYR & CPS (Note 5) 975 ft 3 - 1560 ft 3 | |||
* 30-gallon drums assumed. | |||
Note 1: Resin is no longer regenerated Note 2: The Reverse Osmosis Unit is no longer used. | |||
Note 3: The vendor system waste is waste generated from a vendor liquid radwaste system. The waste may include ion exchange resin and/or charcoal. | |||
Note 4: The evaporators are abandoned-in-place and no longer produce waste volumes. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.4-2 (SHEET 2 of 2) TABLE 11.4-2 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 Note 5: The IRSF is limited to accepting containers no larger than 195 ft | |||
: 3. LaSalle Station can receive five to eight total shipments of Class B & C LLRW liners per year. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-1 TABLE 11.5-1 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 PROCESS RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CONDITIONS RADIATION MONITOR SYSTEM PRESSURE (psig) TEMPERATURE (°F) RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) Main steamline detectors 0 to 250 392 max. -- Off-gas monitor sample systems 0 to 375 480 max. -- All remaining subsystems, equipment, and instruments 0 32 to 140 10 to 98 | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-2 TABLE 11.5-2 REV. 13 PROCESS RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM (GASEOUS AND AIRBORNE MONITORS) | |||
MONITOR CONFIGURATION TYPE EXPECTED SENSITIVITY | |||
* RANGE PRINCIPAL RADIONUCLIDES MEASURED EXPECTED ACTIVITY ALARMS AND TRIPS Off-gas post-treatment radiation monitor (GE) | |||
Sample line between charcoal bed and discharge valve Particulate filter Iodine filter Scintillator 10-6-10-2 µCi/cm 3 10-1 to 10 6 cpm Noble gas Off-gas activity defined in Table11.3-1 Flow Low/High Downscale High High-High High-High-High Off-gas system outlet & drain isolated Off-gas radiation monitor Pretreatment gas-log scale (GE) Adjacent to sample chamber -Ion chamber 3 x 10-10 Amp/R/hr 10 0 - 10 6 mR/h Noble gas Fission products Off-gas activity defined in Table 11.1- | |||
1 Downscale High High-High High-Low Flow Main steamline radiation monitor (GE) Adjacent to steamlines -Ion chamber 3 x 10-10 Amp/R/hr 10 0 - 10 6 mR/hr Coolant activation gases Noble gas Steamline activity defined in Table 11.1-4 Downscale High High-High Carbon bed vault radiation monitor Inside vault G-M 1m/hr 10 0 - 10 6 mR/hr Fission products in carbon vaults Approximately 100R/hr High Downscale Reactor Building exhaust plenum radiation monitor (GE) | |||
Air (N407) Inline G-M 250 cpm/pCi/cm 3 0.01-100 mR/hr Noble gases Reactor building activity defined in Table 11.3-8 Downscale High-High Isolate RB Vent System Fuel pool ventilation exhaust monitor Offline G-M 250 cpm/pCi/cm 3 0.01-100 mR/hr Noble gases 5 x 10-8 µCi/cc during power operation 5 x 10-6 µCi/cc during refueling Downscale High-High Isolate RB Vent System | |||
* Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity is to be determined as operational data becomes available. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-3 TABLE 11.5-3 REV. 4 - APRIL 1988 EFFLUENT RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM (GASEOUS AND AI RBORNE MONITORS) | |||
MONITOR CONFIGURATION TYPE EXPECTED SENSITIVITY RANGE PRINCIPAL RADIONUCLIDES MEASURED EXPECTED ACTIVITY ALARMS Station Vent Stack monitor (Wide Range) | |||
Sample line from plant stack Particulate filter Iodine filter Gas (low range) | |||
Plastic scintillatorGas (mid range) | |||
Solid state | |||
scintillator Gas (High range) | |||
Solid state | |||
scintillator N/A N/A 4.32 x 10 7 cpm/µCi/cc 2.84 x 10 4 cpm/µCi/cc 1.19 x 10 2 cpm/µCi/cc N/A N/A 10 10-1 µCi/cc 10 10+2 µCi/cc 10 10+5 µCi/cc Noble gases, Iodine and particulate Gaseous discharge activity defined in Table 11.3-1 High INOP ALERT Standby Gas treatment system effluent (Wide Range) Sample lines from SGTS stack Particulate filter Iodine filter Gas (low range) | |||
Plastic scintillator Gas (mid range) | |||
Solid state | |||
Scintillator Gas (high range) | |||
Solid state Scintillator N/A N/A 4.32 x 10 7 cpm/µCi/cc 2.84 x 10 4 cpm/µCi/cc 1.19 x 10 2 cpm/µCi/cc N/A N/A 10 10-1 µCi/cc 10 10+2 µCi/cc 10 10+5 µCi/cc Noble gases, Iodine and particulate Reactor building activity defined in Table 11.3-8 High INOP LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-4 TABLE 11.5-4 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 PROCESS AND EFFLUENT RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM (LIQUID MONITORS) | |||
MONITOR CONFIGURATION TYPE RANGE PRINCIPAL RADIONUCLIDES MEASURED EXPECTED ACTIVITY ALARMS Radwaste effluent radiation monitor Sample line from radwaste discharge to blowdown line -Scintillator 10 1 - 10 6 cpm Cs-137 | |||
* Co-60 Discussed in Section 11.2 High High/Low Flow Downscale Isolate Service water effluent radiation monitor Sample line from effluent pipe prior to discharge to other systems -Scintillator 10 1 - 10 6 cpm Cs-137* | |||
Co-60 Less than minimum detector sensitivity INOP/Downscale High/Low Flow High Reactor building closed cooling water radiation monitor Sample line from effluent -Scintillator 10 1 - 10 6 cpm Cs-137* | |||
Co-60 Less than minimum detector sensitivity INOP/Downscale High High/Low Flow Residual heat | |||
removal service water radiation monitor (RHR - 2 each) Sample line from effluent -Scintillator 10 1 - 10 6 cpm Cs-137* | |||
Co-60 Less than minimum detector sensitivity Low/High Flow INOP/Downscale High | |||
* Sensitivity based upon this radionuclide. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-5 TABLE 11.5-5 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
OF LIQUID PROCESS SAMPLES SAMPLE DESCRIPTION TYPICAL SAMPLE FREQUENCY | |||
* ANALYSIS EXPECTED SENSITIVITY | |||
** (µCi/ml) PURPOSE 1. Reactor Coolant lodine Isotopic Analysis Isotopic Analysis 1/Week 1/Week Dose Equivalent I-131 Principle Gamma Emitters 10-6 5 x 10-7 Evaluate reactor water activity 2. Condensate storage tank A Weekly *** CS-137/Ba-137m Equivalent Activity 10-6 Activity Monitoring 3. Condensate storage tank B Weekly *** CS-137/Ba-137m Equivalent Activity 10-6 Activity Monitoring 4. Fuel pool filter-demineralizer Inlet and Outlet Periodically when fuel is present *** CS-137/Ba-137m Equivalent Activity 10-6 Evaluate system performance | |||
* Actual frequency is determined by plant needs and operational circumstances per the Technical Specifications. | |||
** Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity to be determined as operational data become available. *** NOT required per Technical Specifications | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-6 TABLE 11.5-6 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
OF GASEOUS PROCESS SAMPLES | |||
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION TYPICAL SAMPLE FREQUENCY TYPICAL ANALYSIS EXPECTED SENSITIVITY | |||
** (µCi/ml) PURPOSE 1. Containment atmosphere (drywell) | |||
****Prior to entry | |||
****Beta* 10-11 10-6 Determine need for respiratory equipment 2. Off-gas pretreatment sample | |||
****Monthly ****Gamma isotopic 10-7 Determine off-gas activity 3. Off-gas post treatment sample Monthly | |||
*** Gamma isotopic | |||
*** 10-7 Determine noble gas activity | |||
* On particulate filter | |||
** Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity to be determined as operational data becomes available. | |||
*** As determined by plant needs and operational circumstances per the Technical Specifications. **** Not required by Technical Specifications. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-7 TABLE 11.5-7 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
OF LIQUID EFFLUENT SAMPLES SAMPLE DESCRIPTION TYPICAL SAMPLE FREQUENCY | |||
* TYPICAL ANALYSIS* | |||
EXPECTED SENSITIVITY | |||
** (µCi/ml) PURPOSE 1. River Discharge Tank Each Batch Cs-137/Ba-137m Equivalent Activity 10-6 Radwaste Discharge 2. Liquid radwaste effluent Composite of all tanks discharged Monthly Quarterly Tritium Sr-89/90 10-5 10-8 3. Circulating water Weekly sample continuously collected proportional sample Monthly Gamma Isotopic Tritium 10-7 10-5 Effluent discharge record (backup sample) | |||
* As determined by plant needs and operational circumstances. | |||
** Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity is to be determined as operational data becomes available. | |||
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-8 TABLE 11.5-8 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS | |||
==SUMMARY== | |||
OF GASEOUS EFFLUENT SAMPLES SAMPLE DESCRIPTION TYPICAL SAMPLE FREQUENCY | |||
*** TYPICAL ANALYSIS | |||
*** SENSITIVITY | |||
(µCi/ml)f PURPOSE 1. Station vent stack Weekly | |||
Monthly Quarterly I-131**, gamma isotopic | |||
Gamma isotopic | |||
* Sr-89 and 90 | |||
* Tritium 10-11 10-10 10-8 10-11 10-10 10-16 Effluent record | |||
* On particulate filter | |||
** On Charcoal cartridge | |||
*** As determined by plant needs and operational circumstances. f Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity to be determined as operational data becomes available. | |||
25,..-------------------------------,;:;;=KRB AND DRESDEN 2 AVERAGE (1971 MIXTURE)I I I l-I I I I I I 15 l-I r EQU'UBR'UM I:r DIFFUSION RECO'L 1 I II.--I I-I I I I I 10 f-I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 5 l-II I I I I I I I I I I ,II-lIT+11T, III I I I I I I I 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 NOBLE RADIOGAS OECAY CONSTANT EXPONENT lml LA SALLE COUNTY STATION UPDATED FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORTFI GU R Ell.1-1 NOBLE RADIOGAS DECAY CONSTANT EXPONENT FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM REV.0-APRIL 1984 l EQUILIBRIUM DIFFUSION ,-t I T;\"=KRB AND DRESDEN 2 AVERAGE (1971 MIXTURE)l-I I I I I I I I I!I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l-I I I!.I I 1 , I I I I II I l k--Icr+1 cr-t-j I I 1 j I I.1 1 I I I I I j I I I I I I I I I II I 1 II I I!I v>Z LIJ0::::l<IJ<<LIJ::E Ii.ou Z LIJ::l o LIJ Q:;Ii.15 10 5 o 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 FADIOHAI.OGEN OECAY CONSTANT EXPONENT Inl LA SALLE COU NTY STATION UPDAT£D FINAL'SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORTFI GU R Ell.1-2 RADIOHALOGEN DECAY CONSTANT EXPONENT FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM REV.0-APRIL 1984 1200 1690Hll DE"ON BASIS-'1 1100 PRE.-1971 SOURCE TERMS I 1000*KRB/*DRESDEN 2 I 900/I 800//1-131 DESIGN BASIS V 1971 SOURCE.TERMS-:::-I u::I.700/-..J W:::l...I 0 a: 600/...w Cl<<DOESDENI\:.: MARCH 1965.<<I w 500*..J..../M........*400 I/300*100,000 50,000**-18---*I.*..-:-a.---0.::..:=----1 1..----1 150,000 200 100 NOBLE RADIOGAS LEAKAGE AT 1=30 min{fJ.C'/seCl LA SALLE COUNTY STATION UPDATED FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORTFI GURE 11.1-3 NOBLE RADIOGAS LEAKAGE VS.1-131 LEAKAGE REV,0-APRIL 1984 2 STAGE AIR EJECTOR ASSEMBLY Wb.,Ti::R Sf?..nArOR fEEDwA TEl" COt*HJl::N;iA 1 Eo TRAIN TO MAIN CONiH:N:itk (GRAVITY uflAiN AT STARTt.!t'i CONDENSATE TO MAIN CONDENSER IGFIAVITY DRAIN AT STARfUPI UJ CaUL/NG WA Hi'NLiCLtAHI SHAM cpI*!"ART I-..-Cf:::J-**...r: | |||
.. | |||
LL__.JJ I"""AS*I EjECTORS..'OFH:'AS JORf;M MAIN CONllEN$EH TREATMENT fRO'"'STANDbY CAS SlAInJk'UHf,-, | |||
AOSOA8ERS OHAltiS 8 VfSSHS AIR CONOITlONlt<lG UNiT t2l CHAACOA.L AOSURBER VESSEI.S IN CONSTANT TEMPEAATVAE VALL T NORMAL BYPASS f(4)Ct)OUt'olG | |||
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,..',..-." , PORTABLE RADWASTE....-----------t PROCESSING EOUIPMENT SHIP TO BURIAL SITE w o (f)o I DECAY PIT STORAGE 4?E,}, LA SALLE COUNTY STATION UPDATED FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT FIGURE 11.4-1 RADWASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM REV, 12-MARCH 1998}} | |||
Latest revision as of 13:37, 17 March 2019
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{{#Wiki_filter:LSCS-UFSAR 11.0-i REV.15, APRIL 2004 CHAPTER 11.0 - RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 11.0 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT 11.1-1 11.1 SOURCE TERMS 11.1-1 11.1.1 Fission Products 11.1-2 11.1.1.1 Noble Radiogas Fission Products 11.1-2 11.1.1.2 Radiohalogen Fission Products 11.1-5 11.1.1.3 Other Fission Products 11.1-6 11.1.1.4 Nomenclature 11.1-7 11.1.2 Activation Products 11.1-8 11.1.2.1 Coolant Activation Products 11.1-8 11.1.2.2 Noncoolant Activation Products 11.1-8 11.1.3 Tritium 11.1-8 11.1.4 Fuel Fission Product Inventory and Fuel Experience 11.1-10 11.1.4.1 Fuel Fission Product Inventory 11.1-10 11.1.4.2 Fuel Experience 11.1-10 11.1.5 Process Leakage Sources 11.1-10 11.1.6 Power Conversion System Source Terms 11-1-10 11.1.7 References 11.1-11 11.2 LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 11.2-1 11.2.1 Design Bases 11.2-1 11.2.1.1 Safety Design Basis 11.2-1 11.2.1.2 Power-Generation Design Basis 11.2-1 11.2.1.3 Radioactive Releases 11.2-2 11.2.1.4 10 CFR 50 Comparison 11.2-2 11.2.1.5 10 CFR 20 Comparison 11.2-2 11.2.1.6 Component Specifications 11.2-2 11.2.1.7 Anticipated Operating Conditions 11.2-2 11.2.1.7.1 Initial Startup - Unit 1 11.2-3 11.2.1.7.2 Unit 2 Initial Startup - Unit 1 in Normal Operation 11.2-4 11.2.1.7.3 Normal Startup Following Any Shutdown 11.2-5 11.2.1.7.4 Condenser Tube Leakage 11.2-5 11.2.1.7.5 Unit 1 and Unit 2 Shutdown 11.2-6 11.2.1.7.6 Design Basis Fuel Leakage 11.2-6
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS Cont'd PAGE 11.0-ii REV.15, APRIL 2004 11.2.1.7.7 Reactor Coolant Leakage 11.2-7 11.2.1.7.8 Refueling and Maintenance Outages 11.2-7 11.2.1.7.9 Unscheduled Reactor Trips 11.2-7 11.2.1.8 Seismic Design and Quality Group 11.2-7 11.2.1.9 Facility and Equipment Design 11.2-7 11.2.1.9.1 Normal Operations 11.2-8 11.2.1.9.2 Maintenance Operations 11.2-8 11.2.1.9.3 Nonroutine Operations 11.2-9 11.2.1.10 Tank Level Control 11.2-9 11.2.1.11 Prevention of Uncontrolled Releases 11.2-9 11.2.2 System Description 11.2-10 11.2.2.1 Waste Processing Subsystem 11.2-11 11.2.2.2 Floor Drain Processing Subsystem 11.2-13 11.2.2.3 Chemical Waste Subsystem 11.2-14 11.2.2.4 Laundry Waste Subsystem 11.2-16 11.2.2.5 Sludge Subsystem 11.2-16 11.2.2.5.1 Spent Resin Tank 11.2-17 11.2.2.5.2 Waste Sludge Tank 11.2-17 11.2.2.5.3 URC Sludge Tank 11.2-17 11.2.2.5.4 RWCU Phase Separator Tank 11.2-18 11.2.2.5.5 Concentrator Waste Tanks 11.2-18 11.2.2.6 Operating Procedures 11.2-18 11.2.2.7 Performance Tests 11.2-18 11.2.2.8 Control and Instrumentation 11.2-19 11.2.3 Radioactive Releases 11.2-20 11.2.3.1 Criteria for Recycling 11.2-20 11.2.3.2 Release Assumptions 11.2-20 11.2.3.3 Total Releases - Comparison with 10 CFR 20 Limits 11.2-21 11.2.3.4 Radiological Dose Assessment - Comparison with Appendix I Guidelines 11.2-21 11.2.4 References 11.2-22 11.3 GASEOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 11.3-1 11.3.1 Design Bases 11.3-1 11.3.1.1 Design Objective 11.3-1 11.3.1.2 Design Criteria 11.3-1 11.3.2 System Descriptions 11.3-2 11.3.2.1 Off-Gas (RECHAR) System 11.3-2 11.3.2.1.1 Process Description 11.3-2 11.3.2.1.1.1 Process Flow Diagram 11.3-2 11.3.2.1.1.2 Noble Gas Radionuclide Source Term and Decay 11.3-3 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS Cont'd PAGE 11.0-iii REV.13 11.3.2.1.1.3 Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P & ID) 11.3-3 11.3.2.1.1.4 Recombiner 11.3-3 11.3.2.1.1.5 Charcoal Adsorbers 11.3-3 11.3.2.1.1.5.1 Charcoal and Charcoal Vault Temperature 11.3-3 11.3.2.1.1.5.2 Gas Channeling in the Charcoal Adsorber 11.3-4 11.3.2.1.1.5.3 Charcoal Bypass Mode 11.3-4 11.3.2.1.1.5.4 Charcoal Performance 11.3-4 11.3.2.1.1.6 HEPA Prefilter 11.3-5 11.3.2.1.1.7 Desiccant Gas 11.3-5 11.3.2.1.1.8 HEPA Afterfilter 11.3-5 11.3.2.1.1.9 Instrumentation and Control 11.3-5 11.3.2.1.1.10 Explosion Resistance 11.3-6 11.3.2.1.1.10.1 Pressure Boundary 11.3-6 11.3.2.1.1.11 Leakage of Radioactive Gases 11.3-7 11.3.2.1.1.12 Hydrogen Concentration 11.3-7 11.3.2.1.1.13 Drain Seals 11.3-7 11.3.2.1.1.14 Process Design Parameters 11.3-7 11.3.2.1.1.15 System Design 11.3-8 11.3.2.1.1.16 Design Basis Inventories of Radionuclides 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.17 Single Failure and Operator Errors 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.18 Typical Operating Sequences 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.18.1 Prestartup Preparations 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.18.2 Startup 11.3-9 11.3.2.1.1.18.3 Normal Operation 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.19 Performance Tests 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.19.1 Main Condenser Steam Jet Air Ejector Off-Gas (RECHAR) System 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.19.2 Recombiner 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.20 Operator Exposure Criteria and Controls 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.21 Equipment Malfunction 11.3-10 11.3.2.1.1.22 Equivalent Service Experience 11.3-10 11.3.2.2 Other Radioactive Gas Sources 11.3-11 11.3.2.2.1 Primary Containment 11.3-11 11.3.3 Radioactive Releases 11.3-11 11.3.3.1 Expected Releases 11.3-12 11.3.3.2 Reported Releases 11.3-13 11.3.4 References 11.3-13 11.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 11.4-1 11.4.1 Design Bases 11.4-1 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS Cont'd PAGE 11.0-iv REV.15, APRIL 2004 11.4.1.1 Power Generation Design Bases 11.4-1 11.4.1.2 Safety Design Bases 11.4-1 11.4.1.3 Types of Waste 11.4-2 11.4.1.4 Expected Volumes 11.4-3 11.4.2 System Description 11.4-3 11.4.2.1 Drum Preparation Station 11.4-3 11.4.2.2 Decanting Station 11.4-4 11.4.2.3 Drumming Station 11.4-5 11.4.2.4 Drum Handling Equipment 11.4-6 11.4.2.5 Smear Test and Label Station 11.4-7 11.4.2.6 Dry Waste Compactor 11.4-7 11.4.2.7 Storage Areas 11.4-7 11.4.2.8 Control Station 11.4-8 11.4.2.9 Processing Area for Radwaste Shipping Containers 11.4-8 11.5 PROCESS AND EFFLUENT RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS 11.5-1 11.5.1 Design Bases 11.5-1 11.5.1.1 Design Objectives 11.5-1 11.5.1.2 Design Criteria 11.5-2 11.5.2 System Description 11.5-4 11.5.2.1 Gaseous Process Radiation Monitors 11.5-4 11.5.2.1.1 Reactor Building Ve ntilation Exhaust Radiation Monitor 11.5-4 11.5.2.1.2 Off-Gas Posttreatment Radiation Monitor 11.5-5 11.5.2.1.3 Off-Gas Pretreatment Radiation Monitor 11.5-5 11.5.2.1.4 Main Steamline Radiation Monitor System 11.5-6 11.5.2.1.5 Fuel Pool Ventilation Exhaust Radiation Monitors 11.5-7 11.5.2.1.6 Carbon Bed Vault Monitoring System 11.5-7 11.5.2.2 Gaseous Effluent Radiation Monitors 11.5-8 11.5.2.2.1 Station Vent Stack Monitor 11.5-8 11.5.2.2.2 Standby Gas Treatment System Stack Effluent Monitor 11.5-9 11.5.2.3 Liquid Process and Effluent Monitors 11.5-10 11.5.2.3.1 General Description 11.5-10 11.5.2.3.2 Service Water Monitor 11.5-10 11.5.2.3.3 Radwaste Effluent Radiation Monitor System 11.5-10 11.5.2.3.4 RHR Heat Exchanger Cooling Water Effluent Monitor System 11.5-11 11.5.2.3.5 Reactor Building Closed Cooling Water Monitor 11.5-11 11.5.2.4 Sampling 11.5-12 11.5.2.4.1 Process Sampling 11.5-12 11.5.2.4.2 Effluent Sampling 11.5-12 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS Cont'd PAGE 11.0-v REV.20, APRIL 2014 11.5.2.4.3 Analytical Procedures 11.5-12 11.5.2.5 Instrument Inspection, Calibration, and Maintenance 11.5-13 11.5.2.5.1 Calibration 11.5-14 11.5.3 Effluent Monitoring and Sampling 11.5-14 11.5.4 Process Monitoring and Sampling 11.5-14 11.5.5 High Radiation Sampling System 11.5-14 11.5.5.1 General System Description 11.5-14 11.5.5.2 Liquid Sampling Subsystem 11.5-15 11.5.5.3 Deleted 11.5.5.4 Air Sampling Subsystem 11.5-17 11.5.5.5 Deleted 11.5.5.6 Off-Site Chemical Analysis Capability 11.5-18 LSCS-UFSAR 11.0-vi REV.15, APRIL 2004 CHAPTER 11.0 - RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LIST OF TABLES NUMBER TITLE 11.1-1 Noble Radiogas Source Terms (1971 Mixture) 11.1-2 Halogen Radioisotopes in Reactor Water 11.1-3 Other Fission Product Radioisotopes in Reactor Water 11.1-4 Coolant Activation Products in Reactor Water and Steam 11.1.5 Noncoolant Activation Products in Reactor Water 11.2-1 Expected Releases of Radioactive Materials from Normal Operations and Operational Occurrences Compared to 10 CFR 20 Limits 11.2-2 Radiological Dose to Individual at or Beyond the Site Boundary 11.2-3 Liquid Radwaste System Components and Design Parameters 11.2-4 Design-Basis Influent Radioactivity Con- centrations in Liquid Waste Processing Streams and Comparison to Reactor Water
Activity 11.2-5 Expected Inventories in Liquid Radwaste System Components 11.2-6 Maximum and Expected Inputs to Radwaste Systems 11.2-7 Design-Basis Process Decontamination Factors 11.2-8 Principal Assumptions Used in "Maximum Individual" Radiological Dose Assessment for Radionuclides Released in Liquid Effluents 11.3-1 Estimated Process Off-Gas Release Rates from Main Condenser 11.3-2 Off-Gas System Major Equipment Items 11.3-3 Off-Gas System Process Instrument Alarms 11.3-4 Off-Gas System Equipment Malfunction Analysis LSCS-UFSAR LIST OF TABLES NUMBER TITLE 11.0-vii REV.15, APRIL 2004 11.3-5 Summary of Atmospheric Dispersion Factors and Depositi on Values for Selected Locations 11.3-6 Estimated Annual Airborne Releases of Iodine-131 from BWR's During Power Generation and Refueling/Main-tenance Outage, Curies per Plant 11.3-7 Mixed Noble Radiogas Nuclides, Curies/Year 11.4-1 Solid Waste Management System Equip- ment and Storage Design Capacities 11.4-2 Expected and Design Annual Volumes of Solid Waste Management System Output 11.5-1 Process Radiation Monitoring System Environmental Design Conditions 11.5-2 Process Radiation Monitoring System (Gaseous and Airborne Monitors) 11.5-3 Effluent Radiation Monitoring System (Gaseous and Airborne Monitors) 11.5-4 Process and Effluent Radiation Monitor-ing System (Liquid Monitors) 11.5-5 Radiological Analysis Summary of Liquid Process Samples 11.5-6 Radiological Analysis Summary of Gaseous Process Samples 11.5-7 Radiological Analysis Summary of Liquid Effluent Samples 11.5-8 Radiological Analysis Summary of Gaseous Effluent Samples LSCS-UFSAR 11.0-viii REV.14, APRIL 2002 CHAPTER 11.0 - RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LIST OF FIGURES AND DRAWINGS FIGURES NUMBER TITLE 11.1-1 Noble Radiogas Decay Constant Exponent Frequency Histogram 11.1-2 Radiohalogen Decay Constant Exponent Frequency Histogram 11.1-3 Noble Radiogas Le akage vs. I-131 Leakage 11.2-1 Liquid Radwaste System - Deleted 11.3-1 Off-Gas System Flow Diagram 11.3-2 Gaseous Radwaste System Process Flow Diagram 11.4-1 Radwaste Disposal System Flow Diagram
DRAWINGS CITED IN THIS CHAPTER*
DRAWING SUBJECT M-2 General Site Plan M-11 General Arrangement - Basement Floor Plan M-12 General Arrangement - Miscellaneous Floor Plan M-103 P&ID Radwaste Radioactive Waste Sumps (Sheet 1) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Waste Proces sing Subsystem (Sheet 2-5) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Floor Drai n Subsystem (Sheets 6- 11) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Sludge Subsystem (Sheets 12 and 13) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Concen trator Waste (Sheet 14) M-103 P&ID Radwaste RWCU Phase Separators (Sheets 15 and 16) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Laundry Subsystem (Sheet 17) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Filter System (Sheet 18) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Chemical Waste Subsystem (Sheets 19-21) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Laundry Concentrator (Sheet 22) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Floor Drain Concentrator (Sheets 23 and 24) M-103 P&ID Radwaste Chemical Wa ste Concentrator (Sheet 25) M-103 P&ID Solid Radwaste System (Sheet 26) M-103 P&ID Liquid Radwaste Discharge (Sheet 27) M-115 Process Sample System M-153 Process Radiation Monitoring System M-156 Containment Monitoring System
- The listed drawings are included as "Gen eral References" only; i.e., refer to the drawings to obtain additional detail or to obtain background information. These drawings are not part of the UFSAR. They are controlled by the Controlled Documents Program.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-1 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 CHAPTER 11.0 - RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT This chapter describes the capabilities of the plant to control, collect, handle, process, store, and dispose of liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes that may contain radioactive materials and the instrumentation used to monitor the release of these wastes. This chapter also describes normal operation and anticipated operational occurrences such as refueling, purging, equipment downtime, maintenance, etc. The radioactive waste (radwaste) treatm ent systems meet the requirements of 10 CFR 20 and 10 CFR 50 and the intent of Appendix I to 10 CFR 50 (as low as reasonably achievable-ALARA). The releases of radioactivity and their resulting doses included in this Chapter were calculated during plant licensing from assumed values for many parameters. These included coolant activity, iodine partitioning, amount of failed fuel, filter efficiencies, system flow rates, component le ak rates, and associated activity for all potentially radioactive water and steam systems. Estimates were made for many individual contributors and then summed to obtain estimates for total annual dose. These values were then compared to appropriate regulatory limits, such as 10 CFR 20 and Appendix I to 10 CFR 50, to show that the plant could be operated, if granted a license, in compliance with thes e regulations. The NRC reviewed these estimated values and confirmed in their Safety Evaluation Report that the plant could be operated and meet the regulations. After receipt of an Operating License, the requirement to meet the applicable radiological dose regulations is demonstrated in the station's annual radiological effluent release report. The values for the report are calculated using the measured total radioactivity releases from all source s and equations and data included in the Offsite Dose Calculation Manual. Only the total values are calculated; there is no requirement to calculate the dose from each of the individual sources listed in this Chapter. The information on release estimates and offsite doses is maintained in the UFSAR for historical reference and is not intended to be used to establish current operating limits. Specific limits on radioactive effluents, methods for calculating the resulting offsite doses, details of the radiological environmental monitoring program, and reporting requirements for the release of radioact ive effluents are given in the Technical Specifications and other documents.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-1a REV. 14, APRIL 2002 11.1 SOURCE TERMS General Electric has evaluated radioactiv e material sources (activation products and fission product release from fuel) in operating boiling water reactors (BWR's) since the early 1960s. These source terms are reviewed and periodically revised to incorporate up-to-date information. Releas e of radioactive material from operating BWR's has generally resulted in doses to offsite persons which have been only a small fraction of permissible dose s, or of natural background dose. The information provided in this section defines the design-basis radioactive material levels in the reactor water, steam, and off-gas. The various radioisotopes listed have been grouped as coolant activation products, noncoolant activation products, and fission products. The fission product levels are based on measurements of BWR reactor water and off-gas at several operating stations. Emphasis was placed on observations ma de at KRB and Dresden-2. The design-basis radioactive material levels do not necessarily include all the radioisotopes observed or predicted theoretically to be present. The radioisotopes included are considered significant to one or more of the following criteria:
- a. plant equipment design, b. shielding design, c. understanding system operation and performance, d. measurement practicability, and LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-2 REV. 13
- e. evaluating radioactive material releases to the environment.
For halogens, radionuclides with half-lives less than 3 minutes were omitted. For other fission products in the reactor water, radionuclides with half-lives less than 10 minutes were not considered.
11.1.1 Fission Products 11.1.1.1 Noble Radiogas Fission Products The noble radiogas fission product source terms observed in operating BWR's are generally complex mixtures whose sources va ry from miniscule defects in cladding to "tramp" uranium on external cladding surfaces. The relative concentrations or amounts of noble radiogas isotop es can be described as follows: Equilibrium: R g ~ k 1 y Recoil: Rg ~ k 2 y The nomenclature in Subsection 11.1.1.4 defines the terms in these and succeeding equations. The constants k 1 and k 2 describe the fractions of the total fissions that are involved in each of the releases. The equilibrium and recoil mixtures are the two extremes of the mixture spectrum that are physically possible. When a sufficient time delay occurs between the fission event and the time of release of the radiogases from the fuel to the coolant, the radiogases approach equilibrium levels in the fuel, and the equilibrium mixture results. When there is no delay or impedance between the fission event and the release of the radiogases, the recoil mixture is observed. Prior to Vallecitos Boiling Water Reactor (VBWR) and Dresden-1 experience, it was assumed that noble radiogas leakage from the fuel would be the equilibrium mixture of the noble radiogases present in the fuel. VBWR and early Dresden-1 experience indicated that the actual mixture most often observed approached a distribution which was intermediate in character to the two extremes. This intermediate decay mixture was termed the "diffusion" mixture. It must be emphasized that this "diffusion" mixture is merely one possible point on the mixture spectrum ranging from the equilibrium to the recoil mixture and does not have the absolute mathematical and mechanistic basis for the calculational methods possible for equilibrium and recoil mixtures. However, the "diffusion" distribution pattern which has been described is as follows:
Diffusion: R g ~
(Reference 1) 0.5 3 y k LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-3 REV. 13 The constant k 3 describes the fraction of total fissions that are involved in the release. The value of the exponent of the decay constant is midway between the values for equilibrium, 0, and recoil, 1.
Although the previously described "diffusion" mixture has been described historically by GE since 1963 with a value of 0.5, the recent design-basis release magnitude has varied from 0.5 Ci/sec to 0.1 Ci/sec as meas ured after 30-minute decay (t = 30 minutes). (The noble radiogas source-term rate after 30-minute decay has been used as a conventional measure of the design-basis fuel leakage rate since it is conveniently measurable and was cons istent with the nominal design-basis 30-minute off-gas holdup system used on a nu mber of previous plants.) Since about 1967, the design-basis release magnitude used by GE, including the 1971 source terms used herein, has been established at an annual average of 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes). This design basis is consider ed as an annual average with some time above and some time below this value. This design value was selected on the basis of operating experience rather than predictive assumptions. Several judgment factors, including the significance of environmental release, reactor water radioisotope concentrations, liquid waste handling and effluent disposal criteria, building air contamination, shielding design, and turbine and other component contamination affecting maintenance, have been considered in establishing this level. Noble radiogas source terms from fuel above 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes) can be tolerated for reasonable periods of time. Continual assessment of these values is made on the basis of actual operating experience in BWR's. There is no experimental or operational basis for relating this design-basis value to reactor size or fuel power density, since limiting conditions on plant releases are largely independent of these parameters. While the noble radiogas source-term magnit ude was established at 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes), it was recognized that ther e may be a more statistically applicable distribution for the noble radiogas mixture. Sufficient data were available from KRB operations from 1967 to mid-1971 along wi th Dresden-2 data from operation in 1970 and several months in 1971 to more accu rately characterize the noble radiogas mixture pattern for an operating BWR. The basic equation for each radioisotope used to analyze the collected data is:
(11.1-1)
With the exception of Kr-85 with a half-lif e of 10.74 years, the noble radiogas fission products in the fuel are essentially at an equilibrium condition after an irradiation period of several months (rate of formation is equal to the rate of decay). So for ()()t T m g g e e 1 y K R= LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-4 REV. 13 practical purposes the term (1-e -t) approaches 1 and can be neglected when the reactor has been operating at steady state for long periods of time. The term (e -T) is used to adjust the releases from the fuel (t = 0) to the decay time for which values represent the actual release out the stack. Historically t = 30 minutes has been used. When discussing long steady-state operation and leakage from the fuel (t = 0), the following simplified form of Equati on 11.1-1 can be used to describe the leakage of each noble radiogas: R g = K g ym (11.1-2) The constant K g describes the magnitude of leakag
- e. The relative rates of leakage of the different noble radiogas isotopes are accounted for by the variable m, the exponent of the decay constant . Dividing both sides of Equation 11.1-2 by y, the fission yield, and taking the logarithm of both sides results in the following equation:
log (R g/y) = m log () + log (K g) (11.1-3) Equation 11.1-3 represents a straight line when log (R g/y) is plotted versus log (); m is the slope of the line. This straight line is obtained by plotting (R g/y) versus () on logarithmic graph paper. By fitting actual data from KRB and Dresden-2 (using least squares techniques) to the equation , the slope m can be obtained. With radiogas leakage at KRB over the nearly 5-year period varying from 0.001 to 0.056 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes) and with radiogas leakage at Dresden-2 varying from 0.001 to 0.169 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes), the averag e value of m was determined. The value for m is 0.4 with a standard deviation of +/- 0.07. This is illustrated in Figure 11.1-1 as a frequency histogram. As can be seen from this figure, variations in m were observed in the range of m = 0.1 to m = 0.6. After establishing the value of m = 0.4, the value of K g can be calculated by selecting a value for R g , or as has been done historically, the design basis is set by the total design-basis source-term magnitude at t = 30 minutes. With R g at 30 minutes = 100,000 µCi/sec, K g was calculated as being 2.6 x 10 7; thus Equation 11.1-1 becomes: R g = 2.6 x 10 7 y 0.4 (1-e -t) (e -t) (11.1-4) This updated noble radiogas source-term mixture has been termed the "1971 mixture" to differentiate it from the "diffusion mixture." The noble gas source term for each radioisotope is calculated from Equation 11.1-4. The resultant source terms are presented in Table 11.1-1 as leak age from fuel (t = 0) and after 30-minute decay. While Kr-85 can be calculated using Equation 11.1-4, the number of confirming experimental observations was limited by the difficulty of measuring very low release rates of this isotope. Therefore, the table provides an estimated range for Kr-85 based on actual measurements.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-5 REV. 13 11.1.1.2 Radiohalogen Fission Products Historically, the radiohalogen design-basis source term was established by the same equation as that used for noble radiogases. In a fashion similar to that used with gases, a simplified equation can be shown to describe the release of each halogen radioisotope:
R h = k h yn (11.1-5) The constant K h describes the magnitude of leakage from fuel. The relative rates of halogen radioisotope leakage are expressed in terms of n, the exponent of the decay constant . As was done with the noble radiogases, the average value was determined for n. The average value for n is 0.5 with a standard deviation of +/- 0.19. This is illustrated in Figure 11.1-2 as a fr equency histogram. As can be seen from this figure, variations in n were observed in the range of n = 0.1 to n = 0.9.
It is evident that the use of the earlier methods for calculating radiohalogen leakage from fuel was overly conservative. Figu re 11.1-3 relates KRB and Dresden-2 noble radiogas versus I-131 leakage. While it can be seen from Dresden-2 data during the period August 1970 to January 1971 that there is a relationship between noble radiogas and I-131 leakage under one fu el condition, there was no simple relationship for all fuel conditions experienced. Also, it can be seen that during this period, high radiogas leakages were not accompanied by high radioiodine leakage from the fuel. Except for one KRB datu m point, all steady-state I-131 leakages observed at KRB or Dresden-2 we re equal to or less than 505 µCi/sec. Even at Dresden-1 in March 1965, when severe defe cts were experienced in stainless-steel-clad fuel, I-131 leakages greater than 500 µCi/sec I-131 were not experienced. Figure 11.1-3 shows that these higher radioiodine leakages from the fuel were related to noble radiogas source terms of less than the design-basis value of 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes). This may be part ially explained by inherent limitations due to internal plant operational problems that caused plant derating.
In general, it is not anticipated that operation at full power would continue for any significant time period with fuel cladding defects that indicated I-131 leakage from the fuel in excess of 700 µCi/sec. When such high radiohalogen leakages are observed, other fission products are also present in greater amounts. Using these judgment factors and experience to date, the design-basis radiohalogen source terms from fuel were established based on I-131 leakage of 700 µCi/sec. This value, as seen in Figure 11.1-3, accommodates the experience data and the design-basis noble radiogas source term of 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes ). With the I-131 design-basis source term established, K h can be calculated as being 2.4 x 10 7 , and the halogen radioisotope release rate can be expressed by the following equation: R h = 2.4 x 10 7 y 0.5 (1-e -T) (e -t) (11.1-6) LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-6 REV. 13 Concentrations of radiohalogens in reactor water can be calculated using the following equation:
(11.1-7) Although carry-over of most soluble radioisotopes from reactor water to steam is observed to be <0.001 (fraction), the observed "carry-over" for radiohalogens has varied from 0.1% to about 2% on newer plants. The average of observed radiohalogen carry-over measurements has b een 1.2% by weight of reactor water in steam with a standard deviation of +/- 0.9. In the present source-term definition, a radiohalogen carry-over of 2% (0.02 frac tion) was used, which is conservative.
The halogen release rate from the fuel was calculated from Equation 11.1-6. Concentrations in reactor water were ca lculated from Equation 11.1-7. The resultant concentrations are presented in Table 11.1-2. 11.1.1.3 Other Fission Products The observations of other fission products (and transuranic nuclides, including Np-239) in operating BWR's are not adequately correlated by simple equations. For these radioisotopes, design-basis concentrations in reactor water have been estimated conservatively from experience data and are presented in Table 11.1-3. Carry-over of these radioisotopes from the reactor water to the steam is estimated to be <0.001 (fraction). In addition to carry-over, however, decay of noble radiogases in the steam leaving the reactor results in production of noble gas daughter radioisotopes in the steam and condensate systems. Some daughter radioisotopes (e.g., yttrium and lanthanum) were not listed as being in reactor water. Their independent leakag e to the coolant is negligible; however, these radioisotopes may be observed in some samples in equilibrium or approaching equilibrium with the parent radioisotope. Except for Np-239, trace concentrations of transuranic isotopes have been observed in only a few sample s where extensive and complex anal yses were carried out. The predominant alpha emitter present in re actor water is Cm-242 at an estimated concentration of 10 -6 µCi/g or less, which is below the maximum permissible concentration in drinking water applicable to continuous use by the general public. The concentration of alpha-emitting plutonium radioisotopes is more than 1 order of magnitude lower than that of Cm-242. Pl utonium-241 (a beta emitter) may also be present in concentrations co mparable to the Cm-242 level.
()M R C h h++=
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-7 REV. 13 11.1.1.4 Nomenclature The following list of nomenclature defines the terms used in equations for source-term calculations: R g = leakage rate of a noble gas radioisotope (µCi/sec) R h = leakage rate of a halogen radioisotope (µCi/sec) y = fission yield of a radioisotope (atoms/fission)
= decay constant of a radioisotope (sec
-1) T = fuel irradiation time (sec) t = decay time following leakage from fuel (sec) m = noble radiogas decay constant exponent (dimensionless) n = radiohalogen decay constant exponent (dimensionless) K g = a constant establishing the level of noble radiogas leakage from fuel K h = a constant establishing the level of radiohalogen leakage from fuel C h = concentration of a halogen radioisotope in reactor (µCi/g) M = mass of water in the operating reactor (g)
= cleanup system removal constant (sec
-1) = cleanup system flow rate (g/sec) M = halogen steam carry-over removal constant (sec -1) = concentration of halogen radioisotope in steam (µCi/g) C h M (g/sec) flow steam x LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-8 REV. 13 11.1.2 Activation Products 11.1.2.1 Coolant Activation Products The coolant activation products are not adequately correlated by simple equations. Design-basis concentrations in reactor water and steam have been estimated conservatively from experience data. The resultant concentrations are presented in Table 11.1-4. 11.1.2.2 Noncoolant Activation Products The activation products formed from the activation of solid suspension and dissolved impurities in the coolant or by corrosion of irradiated system materials are not adequately correlated by simple equations. The design-basis source terms of noncoolant activation products have been conservatively estimated from experience data. The resultant concentrations are pr esented in Table 11.1-5. Carry-over of these isotopes from reactor water to stea m is estimated to be <0.001 (fraction). 11.1.3 Tritium
In a BWR, tritium is produced by three principal reactions:
- a. activation of naturally occurring deuterium in the primary coolant, b. nuclear fission of UO 2 fuel, and
- c. neutron reactions with boron used in reactivity control rods.
Release of the tritium formed in the contro l rods is believed to be negligible, since the boron is sealed in tubes. A prime source of tritium available for release from a BWR is from deuterium activation in the primary coolant. Some gaseous fission product tritium may also transfer from fuel to primary coolant. Several uncertainties are involved with estimating the amount of tritium generated in a
BWR and available for release. All of the tritium produced by activation of deuterium in the primary coolant is available for release in liquid or gaseous effluents. The gross tritium formation in a BWR can be calculated using the equation:
(11.1-8) where: P 10 x 7.3 v R 4 act=
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-9 REV. 13 R act = tritium formation rate by deuterium activation (µCi/sec/MWt)
= macroscopic thermal neutron cross section (cm
-1), = thermal neutron flux at power P (neutrons/cm 2-sec), V = coolant volume in core (cm 3), = tritium radioactive decay constant (1.78 x 10 -9 sec-1 ), and P = reactor power level (MWt). For recent BWR designs, R act is calculated to be 1.3 +/- 0.4 x10-4 µCi/sec/MWt. The indicated uncertainty is derived from estima tion errors in describing values for the core coolant volume, coolant density in the core, abundance of deuterium in light water (some additional deuterium will be present because of the H(,) D reaction), thermal neutron flux, and the microscopic cross section for deuterium. The fraction of fission-produced tritium which may transfer from the fuel to the coolant and then be available for release in liquid and gaseous effluents is much more difficult to estimate. However, because Zircaloy-clad fuel rods are used in BWR's, essentially all fission product tritiu m remains in the fuel rods unless defects are present in the cladding material (Reference 2).
The 1968 study made at Dresden-1 by the U. S. Public Health Service suggests that essentially all of the tritium released fr om the plant can be accounted for by the deuterium activation source (Reference 3). For estimation purposes, the leakage of tritium from defective fuel can be assume d to be similar to the leakage of noble radiogases. Thus, an empirical relationship described as the "diffusion mixture" can be used to predict this source term (refer to Equation 11.1-2). The equation which describes this relationship is:
where: (11.1-9) R dif = leakage rate of the radioisotope (µCi/sec), y = fission yield fraction, = radioactive decay constant (sec -1), and K = a constant related to total leakage rate. Ky R dif= LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-10 REV. 13 Based on a total noble radiogas source term of 10 5 µCi/sec after 30-minute decay, tritium leakage from fuel can be calculated to be about 0.24 µCi/sec. The conservatism of this value is evident fr om the USPHS study, where the observed rate of Kr-85 (which has a half-life similar to that of tr itium) was 0.06 to 0.4 times that calculated using this "diffusion mixture" relationship. This suggests that the actual tritium leakage rate might range from 0.015 to 0.10 µCi/sec. Since the annual average noble radiogas leakage from a BWR is expected to be less than 0.1 Ci/sec (t = 30 minutes), the annual averag e tritium release rate from the fission source can be conservatively estimated at 0.12 +/- 0.12 µCi/sec, or 0.0 to 0.24 µCi/sec. For a 3293-MWt reactor, the estimated tota l tritium appearance rate in reactor coolant and release rate in the effluent is about 17.6 Ci/yr. 11.1.4 Fuel Fission Product Inventory and Fuel Experience 11.1.4.1 Fuel Fission Product Inventory Fuel fission product inventory informatio n used in establishing fission product source terms for accident analysis is discussed in Chapter 15.0. 11.1.4.2 Fuel Experience Fuel experience gained for BWR fuel, including failure experience, burnup
experience, and thermal conditions under which the experience was gained, is available in three GE topical re ports (References 4, 5, and 6). 11.1.5 Process Leakage Sources Process leakage results in potential release paths for noble gases and other volatile fission products via ventilation systems. Liquids from proces s leaks are normally collected and routed to the liquid-solid radwaste system. Radionuclide releases via ventilation paths are at extremely low levels and have been insignificant compared to process off-gas from operating BWR plants. However, the implementation of improved process off-gas treatment systems makes the ventilation release relatively greater. 11.1.6 Power Conversion System Source Terms The dominant radionuclide in BWR power conversion equipment is nitrogen-16 (N-16). Typical inventories in power conversion equipment are given in Table 2-12 of Reference 6. LSCS specific inventorie s are given in Tables 12.2-7 and 12.2-8.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.1-11 REV. 13 11.1.7 References
- 1. F. J. Brutschy, "A Comparison of Fission Product Release Studies in Loops and VBWR," paper presented at the Tripartite Conference on Transport of Materials in Water Systems, Chalk River, Canada, February 1961.
- 2. J. W. Ray, "Tritium in Power Reactors," Reactor and Fuel-Processing Technology , Vol. 12, No. 1, pp.
19-26, Winter 1968-1969.
- 3. B. Kahn et al., "Radiological Surveillance Studies at a Boiling Water Nuclear Power Reactor," BRH/DER 70-1, March 1970.
- 4. H. E. Williamson and D. C. Ditm ore, "Current State of Knowledge of High Performance BWR Zircaloy Clad UO 2 Fuel," NEDO-10173, May 1970.
- 5. H. E. Williamson and D. C. Ditmore, "Experience With BWR Fuel Through September 1971," NEDO-10505, May 1972.
- 6. D. R. Rogers, "BWR Equipmen t N-16 Radiation Shielding Studies," NEDO-20206, December 1967.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-1 REV. 13 11.2 LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS The liquid radwaste system collects, monito rs, and treats all potentially radioactive liquid wastes produced by the station duri ng normal operation and maintenance, as well as transient conditions.
11.2.1 Design Bases 11.2.1.1 Safety Design Basis The liquid radwaste system is designed so that liquid radwastes discharged from the site will have radioactivity concentrations well within limits specified in 10 CFR 20 and meet the design objectives of 10 CFR 50, Appendix I.
Each liquid radwaste stream terminates in a sample tank. Since the liquid radwaste system operates on a batch basis, this arrangement allows each treated batch to be sampled when appropriate to assure that the treatment was effective. If the sample indicates that the waste needs further processing, it is recycled either through the same treatment or through a subsystem providing a higher degree of treatment. If the treated waste water is not needed for recycle, the water is sent to the discharge tank and held until a discharge batch is accumulated. Each batch is sampled to verify that its activity level is within limits for discharge. The actual discharge to the lake blowdown line requir es opening a keylock valve in accordance with written operating procedures, only after sampling. A system bypass allows connection to port able waste treatment equipment. This enables the efficient processing of liquid radwaste through the use of state of the art radwaste processing technology. 11.2.1.2 Power-Generation Design Basis The liquid radwaste system is sized to handle expected liquid waste inputs on the basis of both volume and activity as th e result of normal operation, including anticipated abnormal occurrences.
Unit 1 and Unit 2 have separate equipment and floor drain collection and process systems. This is to prevent mixing of the liquid wastes between units, if desired. The corresponding subsystems in each in dependent radwaste system are provided with extensive crossties to provide a high degree of radwaste system availability. The laundry and sludge subsystems are common to both units.
The LaSalle County Station (LSCS) Unit s 1 and 2 liquid radwaste system is designed to permit maximum recycling of plant water, whose inventory is kept nearly constant at all times. The plant is designed to minimize noncontaminated inputs from leakage of service water, ci rculating water, and groundwater into the LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-2 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 plant floor drain system. Clean demineralized well water is used as makeup to the primary system or for decontamination work. Since it is not feasible to eliminate or separate all noncontaminated inputs to the liquid radwaste system, some processed liquid waste must be discharged to the Illin ois River from the plant. The discharge is mixed with the blowdown released to the Illinois River.
11.2.1.3 Radioactive Releases Table 11.2-1 gives expected annual releases by nuclide. Table 11.2-1 is not intended to contain limits for the radionuclides or imply that all the listed radionuclides must be present in the given proportions. Table 11.2-2 gives expected doses to individuals at or beyond the site boundary.
11.2.1.4 10 CFR 50 Comparison Table 11.2-2 compares the calculated radiol ogical doses from LSCS to the numerical design objectives of Appendix I to 10 CFR 50. It can be seen fr om this comparison that releases are significantly below the guideline levels. 11.2.1.5 10 CFR 20 Comparison Table 11.2-1 compares typical maximum effluent concentrations with 10 CFR 20 limits. It can be seen from this compar ison that concentrations are significantly below the specific limits. 11.2.1.6 Component Specifications
Table 11.2-3 gives the design parameters of various radwaste system components. 11.2.1.7 Anticipated Operating Conditions Certain "anticipated operational occurrences" are considered in this section. The liquid radwaste system is designed to meet the requirements of these conditions. Therefore, in normal operations, only a small fraction of the system design capacity is utilized at any one time. The following conditions define the design-basis "anticipated operational occurrences" for the liquid radwaste system:
- a. initial startup (especially Unit 2 startup with Unit 1 operating), b. Unit 1 and Unit 2 shutdown, c. large fuel leak rates, d. maximum reactor coolant leak rate, LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-3 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 e. refueling and maintenance outages, and
- f. unscheduled reactor trips.
11.2.1.7.1 Initial Startup - Unit 1 (This information is historical) Various operations associated with the initial startup of a nuclear station can produce flow volumes in both the equipment drain and floor drain processing system of up to 100,000 gallons in a sing le day, with the highest 3-day average about 50,000 gallons per day at irregular in tervals over periods of 2 to 3 months. The volumes of waste water involved and the fact that much of it originates from sources outside the primary system makes it nearly impossible to maintain the station's water balance except by discha rging larger than normal volumes of processed waste. The design of the liquid radwaste systems allowed segregation of liquid wastes while Unit 1 was in startup and Unit 2 was still being constructed. The design features provided to meet these demands are discussed by subsystem in the following:
- a. Equipment drain processing subsystem - Processing in this subsystem is provided by the waste filters (1,2WE01F) and
waste demineralizers (1,2WE01D). Since in any "shakedown " period such as station startup, some equipment difficulties are almost inevitable, a major design assumption is that the liquid radwaste processing capacity may be limited to a 25% availability during this period. The design flow capacity of the filters and demineralizers is such that 25% of the daily throughput design capacity is sufficient to process a maximum day's collected liquid waste volume. The three waste sample tanks (1,2WE03T, 0WE01T) and the two discharge tanks (1,2WF05T) are crosstied to provide storage volume for 1 to 2 full days of process wastes. Th e storage helps to "smooth out" the station water inventory maintenance and allows for discharge at the minimum design release rate in the event that full lake blowdown water flow is not available for dilution.
Under the processing condition described, the maximum design release rate is such that with dilution from the lake blowdown in the discharge flume, the radioactivity levels in the discharge flume meet the requirements of 10 CFR 20.
- b. Floor drain processing subsystem - Normal design processing in this subsystem is by settling, ev aporation, and demineralization. At startup, substantial volumes of water of very low radio activity content may be generated by housekeeping activities.
The floor drain concentrator packages(1WF01S, 2WF01S) normally receive steam from the main steam reboilers. If this is LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-4 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 not available, the steam would be from the electrode steam reboiler (60,000 lb/hr). This rate is sufficient to operate all three concentrators. The inputs to the two floor drain concentrator packages and the chemical waste concentrator package are crosstied to allow full utilization of the 33 1/3% availability of evaporation capacity. Volume retention capa city for 1 to 2 days' maximum inputs and the availability of increased throughput processing channels allow this system to handle anticipated 3-day to 4-day peak inputs.
- c. Chemical waste processing subsystem - Frequent regeneration of condensate polishers occurs when at least one unit is operating. In this case, the steam supply can be drawn from the operating unit if
two evaporators are sufficient to pr ocess floor drains and chemical wastes (i.e., a nuclear steam reboiler can supply steam for two of the three evaporators; if operation of all three evaporators is necessary, the electrode steam reboiler can be used).
- d. Laundry waste processing subsystem - This system is sized to meet the volume and radioactivity levels generated during a refueling outage, 4 gpm. This is greater than is anticipated during the initial startup. e. Sludge subsystem - Sludge generation during startup can be variable, depending on filter and demineralizer performance as well as on initial water quality. The tanks in this subsystem have ample capacity for several days' accumulation at maximum backwash
rates. 11.2.1.7.2 Unit 2 Initial Startu p - Unit 1 in Normal Operation (This information is historical) Meeting the demands of this situation places the most stringent requirements on the design of the liquid radwaste system. The following are the major differences between this case and initial startup:
- a. The liquid radwaste system is pr ocessing contaminated wastes from Unit 1. b. Less volume retention capability is available to hold up surge volumes. c. Full auxiliary steam capacity is available to supply all three evaporators when needed. The el ectrode boilers act as a backup steam source.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-5 REV. 13
- d. Accumulated operating experience and maintenance lead to a somewhat higher availability fact or for processing equipment.
- e. The design assumption availability factors for processing equipment are 66 2/3% of evaporat ion capacity and 50% of filter and demineralizer capacity. The discharge rate, with lake blowdown water flow available for dilution, should not place a limitation on liquid radwaste sy stem processing rates. The design collection volume capacity exclusively available for either Unit 1 or Unit 2 wastes is sufficient to hold 1 day's maximum accumulation of liquid wastes when processing at 25% of design flow rates. The display of tank level recorders on the liquid radwaste control panel allows the identification and segregation of waste batches. The scheduling of batch processing should not impair the operation of Unit 1.
11.2.1.7.3 Normal Startup Following Any Shutdown The waste surge tanks (1WE02T, 2WE02T) are sized so that each accommodates one reactor hydrotest volume. It also accommodates the thermal expansion water when the unit is started up. 11.2.1.7.4 Condenser Tube Leakage Original Design Basis
Condenser tube leakage increases the dissolved solids content of the condensate, forcing frequent regeneration of the condensate polishers. At some magnitude of leakage, the polishers are no longer able to maintain feedwater quality, thus forcing a unit shutdown. Recovery from this situat ion requires the regeneration of all the condensate polishers at least once and perhaps twice. The liquid radwaste processing capacity is sufficient to assure that the treatment of the liquid radwaste produced by this situation will not extend the outage time required for repairs. The design capacity of the chemical waste subsystem is sufficient to process the volume of waste from the regeneration of four condensate polisher beds per day. The equipment drain subsystem is able to treat the backwash water from four regenerations per day without impairing the capacity to treat the normal flows from either the affected unit or the normally operating unit. Condenser tube leaks of lesser magnitude can occur without forcing a shutdown but can still cause a significant increase in regeneration frequency. The liquid radwaste system maintains the station water balance by the controlled discharge of treated wastes as previously described in Subsections 11.2.1.2 and 11.2.1.7.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-6 REV. 14, April 2002 Current Design Basis Condenser tube leakage increases the dissolved solids content of the condensate, quickly depleting the ion exchange capacity of the condensate polisher resin. At some magnitude of leakage, the polishers are no longer able to maintain feedwater or vessel water quality, thus forcing a unit shutdown. As a worst case, recovery may require the replacement of all the on-line condensate polisher resin beds. The capacity of the spent resin tank is sufficient to contain the volume of waste from the replacement of three condensate polisher beds. The equipment drain subsystem is able to treat the transfer water from resi n bed replacements without impairing the capacity to treat the normal flows from either the affected unit or the normally operating unit. The solid radwaste system is capable of processing 25% of the spent resin tank contents per day. Condenser tube leaks of lesser magnitude can occur without forcing a shutdown but can still cause a significant increase in resin replacement frequency. The liquid radwaste system maintains the station water balance by the controlled discharge of treated wastes as previously described in Subsections 11.2.1.2 and 11.2.1.7. The outlet of the resin bed is sampled to estimate ionic depletion. During the operating cycle, the remaining capacity of the resin is not determined; if needed the capacity can be calculated. 11.2.1.7.5 Unit 1 and Unit 2 Shutdown When both units are shut down, there is no steam to operate the three evaporators and other liquid radwaste processing methods are used. 11.2.1.7.6 Design Basis Fuel Leakage Under this condition, the liquid radwaste system operates with radioactivity levels at or near design basis. The reactor water cleanup system delivers sludge to the phase separators at a rate higher than no rmal. Unit 1 and Un it 2 phase separator tanks operate independently, receiving wastes from the respective Unit 1 and 2 RWCU systems. Frequent decanting of the phase separator serving the affected unit results in the delivery of liquid with higher than normal solids content to the waste collector tank, resulting in short filter and demineralizer runs. The waste filter and waste demineralizer are sized and arranged so that no more than one filter and one demineralizer are out of service for backwashing or regeneration/resin replacement at any time while Unit 1 or Unit 2 is in normal operation.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-7 REV. 13 11.2.1.7.7 Reactor Coolant Leakage The existence of reactor coolant leaks ca n result in the equipment drain tanks becoming nearly filled with water at reacto r coolant activity. Table 11.2-4 compares design-basis influent radioactivity concentration to reactor coolant activity.
The equipment drain processing subsyste m is capable of decontaminating this activity to levels suitable for return to the cycled condensate storage tanks as specified in Subsection 11.2.3.1. 11.2.1.7.8 Refueling and Maintenance Outages The condition given in Subsection 11.2.1.7.1 covers the major requirements for outages. The laundry processing subsystem was designed for a maximum load during refueling and maintenance outages and was designed to treat these loads to produce an effluent suitable for discharge as stated previously in Subsections 11.2.1.4 and 11.2.1.5. The site does not launder anti-contamination clothing any longer, significantly reducing the input to the system. 11.2.1.7.9 Unscheduled Reactor Trips Reactor trips may produce an additional amount of water to the suppression pool. The equipment drain processing subsystem has sufficient capacity in all normal operating modes to process this volume within 1 day. 11.2.1.8 Seismic Design and Quality Group
The portion of the structure housing the liquid radwaste system which is below grade is Seismic Category I for the auxilia ry building, and Seismic Category II for the turbine building area. The turbine building walls below grade are part of the total structural shear wall system and are designed to withstand the effects of the OBE and SSE. All equipment (including ta nks, pumps, valves, and piping) of the liquid radwaste system containing radioactive wastes is classified as Quality Group D. 11.2.1.9 Facility and Equipment Design The liquid radwaste system has been designed to minimize radiation exposure to operating personnel. Normal operations, maintenance, and nonroutine operations are discussed in the following from the viewpoint of design for ALARA exposures to personnel.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-8 REV. 13 11.2.1.9.1 Normal Operations The following steps have been taken to ensure that occupational exposures will be ALARA during normal operating situations:
- a. Equipment operation for all liquid waste treatment systems is from the radwaste control room.
This is a shielded room located in the solid radwaste building.
- b. Tanks and equipment are located in shielded compartments with labyrinth entrances.
- c. The sludge subsystem carries waste slurries which could settle into crud traps. Flushing of the sludge system equipment will be performed as tank capacities allow to minimize this buildup.
- d. Piping carrying radioactive fluids is routed to avoid inadvertent exposures. Many pipe runs ar e within shielded pipe tunnels.
- e. Tank overflows are hard-piped to adjacent sumps with two exceptions. Reactor water cleanup phase separator overflows are hard-piped to the reactor building equipment drain tanks and the concentrator waste tanks overflow to the URC Sludge Tank. f. The gases from the RWCU phase separator vents flow to its cubicle in the reactor building. For normal conditions this
cubicle air supply discharges to th e station vent stack as part of the normal reactor building HVAC flow path. For abnormal conditions of high radioactivity levels in the RWCU cubicle, a normally closed valve is opened to connect this cubicle to the reactor building vent and purge system and then to the station vent stack.
11.2.1.9.2 Maintenance Operations Equipment is arranged to separate sources of high exposure from sources of lower exposure. The evaporators, for example, have the process equipment separated from the pump skid by a shield wall to minimize exposure during pump maintenance. The instrument rack is located as far from the pump skid as possible to minimize exposure during instrument maintenance.
Air-operated valves are located outside of compartments to minimize exposure from tanks or components duri ng valve maintenance. Pumps are provided with mechanical seals to minimize maintenance. LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-9 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 In general, all components which may require maintenance are capable of being flushed prior to maintenance. 11.2.1.9.3 Nonroutine Operations Compartments which contain tanks or equipment containing unprocessed waste, or waste being processed, have floor and wall coatings for ease of decontamination in case of spills. 11.2.1.10 Tank Level Control Provisions have been made to preclude the uncontrolled spills to the building due to tank overflows. The following conditions pertain to all tanks outside the
containment which potentially contain radioactive fluids:
- a. Tank level instrumentation is provided on all tanks in the radwaste control room. A high-level condition on any tank will be annunciated. The only except ions to the above information are the concentrator waste tanks, the boil-out tank, and the filter aid tank since these tanks are no longer in service.
- b. Tank overflows are hard piped to an adjacent sump with two exceptions. The Reactor Water Cleanup Phase Separator overflows are hard-piped to the reactor building equipment drain tanks. The concentrator waste tanks overflow to the URC Sludge Tank. All sumps are prov ided with duplex (redundant) pumps with the exception of th e Tendon Tunnel sumps. These sumps have only one pump. Sumps are level controlled and logic is provided to start and stop pumps automatically.
- c. Concentrator waste tanks must be maintained at 140° F to 160° F. For this reason, piping is heat traced to prevent crystallization of the waste. If capacity for the concentrates is not available, the inputs are stopped. (The concentrator waste tanks are abandoned-in-place as is the associated heat trace circuits.)
11.2.1.11 Prevention of Uncontrolled Releases The liquid radwaste system is the only flow path from a licensed unit to the environment for radioactive liquids during normal operations. The discharge tanks are the only flow path from the liquid radwaste system to the environment during normal operations. LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-10 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 After processing of a batch of waste, it is transferred to respective sample tanks (e.g., waste sample tank, floor drain sample tank) before being transferred to the discharge tanks. In the discharge tanks it is again sampled for activity prior to discharge. All discharge must pass through a manual key-locked valve (0WF201 on Sheet 10 of Drawing No. M-103). Limit switches supply status information on valve position to the operator at the ra dwaste control panel. This valve is intentionally manual to prevent bypassing the key-lock feature from the control room. Processing and sampling of liquids resulting from Unit 2 construction activities will commence at the time of Unit 2 fuel load. 11.2.2 System Description The liquid radwaste system consists of five major subsystems: (1) the waste processing subsystem, (2) the floor dr ain subsystem, (3) the chemical waste subsystem, (4) the laundry waste subsystem, and (5) the sludge subsystem. Liquid radwaste diagrams are sh own in Drawing No. M-103. Design-basis concentrations of radioactive nuclides in the input waste streams to the various liquid waste subsystems are liste d by nuclide in Table 11.2-4. Expected inventories of radioactive nuclides in major liquid waste system components are
tabulated in Table 11.2-5. Maximum and expected inputs to liquid radwaste systems are shown in Table 11.2-6. As noted, input to equipment drains has been assumed to be design basis reactor coolant activity; floor drains have been assumed to be 0.31 times reactor coolant activity. As a result of this conservative assumption, short-lived radionuclides appe ar in collection tanks but they quickly decay. Table 11.2-7 lists the design-basis proce ss decontamination factors used in the analysis. The system is assumed to be operating continuously; no credit for radioactive decay is taken for holdup in tanks, for example, while waiting for a demineralizer to be made av ailable for batch processing. The design-basis input source terms to the various streams are based on the distribution of isotopes in reactor coolan t and steam as descri bed in Section 11.1. The liquid radwaste system is designed to recycle as much processed liquid waste as can be accommodated within the station water balance. Equipment drains are processed through the waste-processing system by filtration and demineralization. The flow is then normally routed to the cycled condensate storage tanks for reuse in the station. Radioactive floor drains are treated by demineralization. After sampling, it is normally sent to the cycled condensate storage tanks for reuse. The Floor drain system is cross-tied to the Equipment drain system to provide backup processing capability should the LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-11 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 vendor processing unit be unavailable. The valve on the cross-tie is administratively controlled to ensure proper routing of floor drain water. Laundry wastes are treated by filtration and may be discharged after sampling. Optional paths after treatment in addition to the discharge tank are to the chemical waste collector tank, or the laundry collector tank depending on water quality in the laundry sample tank (Drawing No. M-103). Design-basis quantities of waste to be treated and released from the station are processed through the chemical waste subsystem by demineralization. This waste originally consisted of primarily regenerant chemicals from the regeneration of the condensate and radwaste polishers. Regene rant waste is no longer generated. The operating procedures define the conditions under which water can be transferred from any sample tank to the disc harge tanks (Subsection 11.2.2.6). Equipment redundancy and capacities, together with crossties among subsystems, provide flexibility for the liquid radwaste system to accommodate a wide variety of extreme station operating conditions as discussed in Subsection 11.2.1.7. The design of the processing systems for liquid wastes assumes that they will be discharged, although normally they will be returned to the station for reuse via the two cycled condensate storage tanks. This assures that the processing systems will always be capable of meeting environmental discharge standards. 11.2.2.1 Waste Processing Subsystem This subsystem collects and processes high purity (low conductivity) sources such as equipment drains. This water is treated by settling, filtration, and demineralization. After appropriate sampling it is returned for station reuse through the cycled condensate storage tanks. Input sources to the waste processing subsystem include the following:
- a. equipment drain sumps, b. condensate demineralizer backwash, c. reactor water cleanup (RWCU) phase separator decantate, d. fuel pool system decantate, e. ultrasonic resin cleaner (URC) backwash, f. radwaste demineralizer backwash, and LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-12 REV. 15, APRIL 2004
- g. suppression pool drains.
Two waste-processing streams are provided, one each for Unit 1 and Unit 2, with cross-ties for system redundancy.
Two waste collector tanks, each having a capacity of 30,000 gallons, take regular inputs from the Unit 1 and Unit 2 equipment drain systems. These tanks are sized to hold 1 day's accumulation of wastes. Prior to processing, approximately 500 gallons of tank "bottoms" may be pumped to the URC sludge tank via the waste flocculation tank to remove settled solids and minimize downstream filter loading. The contents of the tank are then recirculated to assure complete mixing; at this point a composite sample can be drawn from the recirculation line. The tank contents can be pumped through the waste filters and demineralizers or transferred to the chemical waste system for treatment. Two waste surge tanks, each having a capacity of 50,000 gallons, take infrequent inputs from Unit 1 and 2 waste collector tank overflows, from reactor water cleanup, and from cycled condensate storage tanks. Their operation is similar to that described above for the waste collector tanks.
Two waste flocculation tanks are provided to process the ultrasonic resin cleaner (URC) backwashes. Each backwash produces approximately 6,000 gallons of washwater at 200 ppm to 500 ppm suspended solids and each condensate polisher is URC cleaned approximately once a week. Pr ovision is made for the addition of a chemical flocculant to the tanks. This destabilizes the suspension, resulting in the formation of larger particles which settle out. The decantate is processed through the waste filter and demineralizer and th e solids are pumped to the URC sludge tank. (Note the chemical floccula nt system is abandoned in place.) The two waste filters remove suspended solid s prior to demineralization in order to extend the useful ion exchange life of the demineralizer resins. The Unit 1 filter contains precoatable filter elements. The Un it 2 filter contains either precoatable or non-precoatable filter elements. Precoat material is applied to the precoatable elements, and when depleted, as indicated by effluent conductivity or filter differential pressure, the elements are backwashed. Both the used precoat material and the material filtered out of the water is routed to the waste sludge tank. No precoat material is added onto the non-precoatable elements. As necessary, the elements are backwashed, and only the materi al filtered out of the water is routed to the waste sludge tank. A handswitch located on a Radwaste Control Room panel controls whether the logic applied to filter manipulations includes Precoat applications. The processed effluent from these filters is directed to the input of the waste demineralizers. Demineralizer infl uent can be processed separately via a once through single demin line-up, or in series via a once through, two demin line-up. Effluent from the demineralizers is routed to one of the three waste sample LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-13 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 tanks, each of which has a capacity of 30,000 gallons. Conductivity instrumentation is provided to allow its performance to be monitored in the radwaste control room. This monitor will automatically divert an off-standard (high conductivity) batch back to the waste collector tanks for reprocessing. If the water in the sample tanks is found to be of suitable quality for reuse, it is pumped to the cycled condensate storage ta nks. When it is necessary to discharge treated wastes from the station, the contents of any of the waste sample tanks may be transferred to the discharge tanks for subsequent sampling and release. The Unit 2 Floor drain collector pump disc harge line is cross-tied to the equipment drain system by way of the Unit 2 Waste Surge tank to provide backup processing capability should the vendor processing unit be unavailable. The valve on the cross-tie line is administratively controlled to ensure proper routing of floor drain water. 11.2.2.2 Floor Drain Processing Subsystem This subsystem collects and processes low purity (high conductivity) waste from the Unit 1 and Unit 2 floor drain systems. Th ese are normally too high in conductivity for effective ion exchange treatment and may also be high in suspended solids. Note: A system bypass allows connection to portable waste treatment equipment. This enables the efficient processing of liquid radwaste through the use of state of the art radwaste processing technology. This technology may utilize ion exchange resins. They are treated by ion exchange for return to the condensate storage tank or discharge after appropriate sampling. Input sources to this subsystem include the following:
- a. reactor building floor drains (off-gas filter building floor drains), b. turbine building floor drains, and
- c. auxiliary building floor drains.
A provision is made for input from Chem ical Waste Processing Subsystem to be transferred to the Floor Processing Subsystem. These wastes are collected in the two floor drain collector tanks, each of which has a capacity of 25,000 gallons. The operation of the floor drain collector tanks is the same as described for the waste collector tanks in Subsection 11.2.2.1. The Unit 2 Floor drain collector pump disc harge line is cross-tied to the equipment drain system by way of the Unit 2 Waste Surge tank to provide backup processing capability should the vendor processing unit be unavailable. The LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-14 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 valve on the cross-tie line is administratively controlled to ensure proper routing of floor drain water. The floor drain concentrator feed tanks (25,000 gallon capacity each) take input from the floor drain collector tanks and serve to condition these wastes for subsequent treatment. This conditioning is primarily caustic addition for pH control. The floor drain concentrator units are abandoned-in-place. Historically, the evaporators provide a condensed distilla te which is substantially free of radioactivity and dissolved solids; they al so concentrate the residual wastes for delivery to the concentrator waste tanks. The condensed distillate is pumped to the floor drain head tanks (5,000-gallon capacity) for sampling and verification of
concentrator performance. The evaporator distillate is then pumped to the floor drain sample tanks (25,000 gallon capacity). The floor drain sample tanks are sampled to verify the water quality is suitable for further processing via the equipment waste processing system. The floor drain sample tank is th en pumped to the waste collector tank and processed in the equipment drain system as described in Subsection 11.2.2.1. Although more costly, the evaporator dist illate can be processe d through the floor drain demineralizer as opposed to being pumped from the evaporator head tank directly to the floor drain sample tank. The floor drain demineralizer effluent is routed to the floor drain concentrator sample tanks (25,000-gallon capacity). The demineralizer resins are not regenerated bu t are disposed of via the solid radwaste system when exhausted. The floor drai n concentrator sample tanks provide for sampling of processed liquid waste to ensure that criteria for reuse or discharge are met. Conductivity instrumentation is provided with automatic return to the collector tank on high conductivity. Piping, electrical, and instrumentation & control systems exist to process floor drain water to a vendor skid. The system oper ation is the same as described for the chemical waste system in Subsection 11.2.2.3. 11.2.2.3 Chemical Waste Subsystem This subsystem processes the highest conductivity water in the liquid radwaste system. Input sources to this system include the following:
- a. radwaste demineralizer regenerants (no longer created), b. decontamination drains, LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-15 REV. 15, APRIL 2004
- c. laboratory drains, d. radwaste building sump, e. spent resin tank decantate, f. waste sludge tank decantate, and
- g. URC sludge tank decantate.
A provision is made for input from Radwaste Floor Drain processing subsystem to be transferred to the Chemical Waste System. These wastes are potentially high in radioactivity and conductivity; they may also be high in suspended solids, including some resin fines. Processing of these wast es is by chemical neutralization, and ion exchange demineralization. Processing through evaporators (Abandoned-in place)
Wastes will usually be held in one of two chemical waste collector tanks (36,000-gallon capacity each). Sufficient surge capacity is provided to allow for variations in this cycle. Each collector tank is provided with a re circulation line and a 400-gpm pump to mix and transfer wastes to the chemical waste process tanks (25,000-gallon capacity each). Here the wastes are chem ically neutralized for subsequent feed at 30 gpm to the chemical waste evaporator. One evaporator is provided to process effluent from both chemical waste processing tanks; however, it is crosstied with the floor drain concentrator units to provide additional evaporator capability if required. Chemical waste concentrator operation is identical to that of the floor drain concentrator described in Subsection 11.2.2.2. Evaporator concentrates are discharged to the concentrator waste tanks for transfer to the solid waste handling system. The condensed distillate is pumped to the chemical waste head tank. This tank has a capacity of 5,000 gallons and is fitted with two 75-gpm pumps connected in parallel to provide for recirculation and discharge. After verification of evaporator performance, the distillate is pumped to the chemical waste demineralizer, whose function and operation are identical to those of the floor drain demineralizers described in Subsection 11.2.2.2. This demineralizer is crosstied with the floor drain demineralizers to ensure sufficient demineralizer capability during abnormal surges of waste. Demineralizer effluent is discharged to the waste sample tanks for subsequent transfer to either the cycled condensate storage tanks or discharge tanks.
Capability exists to bypass the abandoned-in-place evaporators and process through a vendor system utilizing state-of-the-art technology. Processed water from the vendor system is routed to the floor drain head tank or collector tank dependent on water quality.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-16 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 11.2.2.4 Laundry Waste Subsystem This subsystem was designed to collect , process, and discharge laundry waste resulting from the washing of radioactive laundry, or other soapy, high organic wastes. The anti-contamination clothing used by the site is laundered by a vendor, thereby reducing the inputs to the system and the volume of waste created. The treatment of this low radioactivity waste is by filtration. Depending on water quality in the laundry sample tank, the water is sent to the discharge tank, the chemical waste collector tank, or the laundry collector tank. The use of filtration for low radioactivity waste is considered sufficient effort at reducing radioactive discharges to ALARA.
11.2.2.5 Sludge Subsystem Liquid radwaste processing is designed to remove radioactive contaminants from waste liquids and to affix them on solids or concentrates, hold them for decay of radioactivity, and transfer them to the solid radwaste system for processing, temporary storage at the station, and shipment from the station. The sludge subsystem, unlike those previously described, does not comprise a processing stream. It consists of a group of tanks and associated pumps which serve as an interface between the liquid radwaste system and the solid radwaste handling system. These tanks provide inte rmediate storage for slurries produced by radwaste decontamination equipment or other radioactive water cleanup systems. Most of these tanks provide settling capability for separation of liquid and solid wastes. Some also provide holdup for radioactive decay, while others (concentrator waste tanks) only provide batch accumulation and storage before transfer to the solid radwaste handling system. The following are the five major components of the sludge subsystem with their respective capacities: NUMBER PROVIDED COMPONENT CAPACITY EACH (GAL) 1 Spent resin tank 15,000 1 Waste sludge tank 15,000 1 URC sludge tank 15,000 4 RWCU phase separators 6,900 2 Concentrator waste tanks
- 5,000
- abandoned-in-place Each tank in the sludge subsystem is provided with a means of recirculation to assure complete mixing of tank contents prior to and during discharge. Associated pumps and valves are operated from the liquid/solid radwaste interface panel LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-17 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 adjacent to the solid radwaste system control panel. Both panels may be attended by one operator.
11.2.2.5.1 Spent Resin Tank The spent resin tank receives exhausted ion exchange bead resins and charcoal discarded from the condensate polishing de mineralizers, waste demineralizers, floor drain demineralizers, and chemical waste demineralizer. Resin/charcoal is allowed to settle in this tank, and excess sluicing water is drawn off from a decant port and pumped to a chemical waste collector tank. Settled resin/charcoal is discharged in batches to the solid radwaste handling system after appropriate recirculation. The spent resin tank decant pump has a capacity of 76 gpm. Two progressive cavity type spent resin sludge pumps are connected in parallel, each having a capacity of 50 gpm. All valves in slurry-handling lines are plug type to preclude valve closure impairment due to the presence of solids in the fluid streams. 11.2.2.5.2 Waste Sludge Tank The waste sludge tank, located below the waste collector filters, receives backwash from these filters and the fuel pool filter-demineralizers, as well as inputs from the various collector, surge, processing, or feed tank bottoms previously described. The waste sludge tank decant pump is capable of discharging decantate at 60 gpm to the chemical waste collector tanks. Re circulation is provided by a mechanical mixer. Backflush capability is provided by the CY system. Two waste sludge pumps connected in parallel provide transportation of sludges to the solid radwaste handling system. The waste sludge tank comp onent design is similar to that of the spent resin tank described in Subsection 11.2.2.5.1. 11.2.2.5.3 URC Sludge Tank The URC sludge tank receives concentrated solids from the ultrasonic resin cleaner (URC) backwashes via the waste flocculation tanks described in Su bsection 11.2.2.1. The URC sludge tank receives condensa te prefilter backwash, the radwaste building floor drains (with the exception of the 710'-0" floor drains which go to the solid radwaste building floor drain sump) and the contents of the Concentrator Waste Tanks as described in Subsection 11.2.2.5.5. These are irregular inputs and of variable radioactivity. The URC sludge decantate pump is capabl e of discharging decantate at 60 gpm to the chemical waste collector tank. Two URC sludge pumps connected in parallel, each having a capacity of 400 gpm, provide backflushing and recirculation. Backflush capability may also be provided by the CY system. Recirculation is also provided by a mechanical mixer. Two additional URC sludge pumps connected in parallel provide LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-18 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 transportation of sludges to the solid radwaste handling system. The design is similar to that of the spent resin tank des cribed in Subsection 11. 2.2.5.1. Provision is made for adjusting the chemical properties of the tank. 11.2.2.5.4 RWCU Phase Separator Tanks
The four RWCU phase separator tanks collect, settle, and hold for decay sludge from the reactor water cleanup (RWCU) filter-demineralizer backwash. Backwash is discharged to the RWCU phase separator tanks in batches, about once a week per filter demineralizer. The solid phase of this waste constitutes the highest potential radioactivity level of the wastes regularly produced at the station. Two phase separators are provided for each unit so that one phase separator can collect inputs from that unit for a period of approximately 60 days while the other phase separator is quiescent, allowing the accumulated sludge to decay prior to its transfer to the solid radwaste handling system. As sludge is accumulated, excess liquid is decanted regularly and discharged to a waste collector tank. Each phase separator is fitted with a phase separator sludge pump through which accumulated sludges are discharged to the solid radwaste handling system. Each of these centrifugal pumps has a capacity of 50 gpm. All valves in the sludge-handling lines are plug type or such other design as to preclude valve closure impairment due to the presence of solids in the fluid stream. 11.2.2.5.5 Concentrator Waste Tanks (The concentrator waste tanks are abandoned-in-place, and the following information is historical.) The two concentrator waste tanks were designed to rece ive concentrates from the floor drain and chemical waste concentrator packages. The tanks and all associated process lines are heat traced to preclude crystallization of these highly concentrated solutions. Each tank is fitted with a 50-gpm concentrator waste pump through which tank contents were designed to be discharged to the solid radwaste handling system. If solids concentration in the tanks is too low, or as needed to facilitate maintenance, the tank contents may be transferred to the URC Sludge Tank.
The air supply to the inlet valves to the concentrator waste tanks has been disconnected, ensuring the valves remain closed. The valves may be opened under administrative control to allow batching of evaporator concentrate provided level monitoring is established. 11.2.2.6 Operating Procedures
All inputs to the major subsystem collector tanks are thoroughly mixed so that appropriate treatment for each batch may be determined. Any batch intended for release from a licensed unit will be sampled for total activity at the discharge tanks. If the discharge tank sample indicates the contents are suitable for discharge, a pumpout rate will be determined based upon dilution required as well as diluent LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-19 REV. 18, APRIL 2010 lake blowdown available. The discharge flow rate is adjusted according to the blowdown flow rate. Administrative controls are exercised to ensure that the discharge valves are not opened until suit able conditions have been met. The activity in the Radwaste Discharge pipe is monitored continuously during release. Instrumentation is provided to close the discharge valve automatically upon measure of high activity. Further discussion of discharge can be found in
Subsection 11.2.1.11. 11.2.2.7 Performance Tests All batches of liquid wastes may be monitore d before and after each processing step. The equipment is therefore subjected to continuous performance testing under station operating conditions.
Since data on specific isotope removal efficiencies are not conclusive, this system is designed to use conservative overall decontamination factors based on currently available equipment specifications now being incorporated into the design of similar power plant systems. Through system crossties, redundancy of equipment, and excess storage capacity, ample provision has been made for equipment maintenance and for recycling inadequately processed wastes, if required. 11.2.2.8 Control and Instrumentation The liquid radwaste system is primarily controlled and monitored from the liquid radwaste control panel (LRCP) located in the radwaste control room. Radwaste filter, radwaste demineralizer, waste conc entrators, laundry RO , (no longer used) liquid/solid radwaste interface, and solid radwaste handling control panels are also located in the control room. Operation of the liquid radwaste system is started or stopped manually or stopped automatically. A few subsystem operations are provided with automatic sequencing. (See Subsection 7.7.11 for a further description.) Instrumentation on system tanks includes as a minimum a high level detector for LRCP annunciation, a low level detector for pump cutoff, and LRCP level recording. The only exceptions to the above information are the concentrator waste tanks and the filter aid tank. Since these tanks are no longer in service, the high and low tank level alarms for these tanks have been defeated. Tanks containing waste sludges have an additional level detector to monitor the water/sludge interface for interlocking tank discharge valves and decant pump cutoff.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-20 REV. 14, April 2002 The LRCP is laid out in a logical fashion, with control switches for pump and valve operation and level recorders grouped in subsystem fashion under the appropriate section of a semigraphic display. Annuncia tors are located above the semigraphic, with the respective window lights in the vicinity of the monitored device. Each valve hand switch has full open and full closed indicator lights. During the opening or closing of a valve, both lights are illuminated until the open or closed extreme is reached. In the open or clos ed position, the red or green light will be illuminated. All pump hand switches are provided with a third light to indicate automatic trip of the pump. Alternate pumps may then be controlled from the board for pumping tanks after correct valv e alignment has been obtained by hand-switch operation. Each operating pump and each valve not fully closed is indicated in the semigraphic display by a red light.
The Radwaste Discharge line is continuously monitored for gross radioactivity by a monitor of the process radiation monitoring system (see Subsection 7.7.14.3). In case of radioactivity levels higher than a preset level, the discharge is automatically stopped, and simultaneous annunciation occurs in the main contro l room and on the LRCP. Tank level control is discus sed in Subsection 11.2.1.10. 11.2.3 Radioactive Releases 11.2.3.1 Criteria for Recycling Liquid waste processing results in two streams, a product stream and a reject stream. In all cases the reject, or dirty, stream is processed for disposal in the solid radwaste system. The product, or clean, stream is return ed to the primary cycle via the cycled condensate return tanks providing the water quality is acceptable and the plant has a makeup water requirement. New or nonradioactive water addition to the system would result in a discharge of radioactive water of equal volume (con- sidering the plant radioactive water inventory as a "control volume").
11.2.3.2 Release Assumptions The expected annual release of 0.051 Ci/yea r per reactor was the result of several assumptions. To assure a conservative approach, it was assumed that all chemical waste would be discharged after treatm ent. This was primarily regenerant chemicals from the condensate and radwaste demineralizers. (Note that bead resin is no longer regenerated.) The following information is taken from the equipment vendor:
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-21 REV. 14, April 2002 a. condensate demineralizers: (note the resin is no longer regenerated)
- 1. 14 condensate polishers (7 per unit); 2. 60-day regeneration cycle; 3. 12,400 gallons of chemical regenerants at 2% solids by weight; and 4. 20,000 gallons of low conductivity backwash (to equipment drains, not to chemical waste).
- b. radwaste demineralizers: (note the resin is no longer regenerated)
- 1. two demineralizers (1 per unit); 2. 7-day regeneration cycle; 3. 12,400 gallons chemical regenerants/cycle; and 4. 20,000 gallons of low conductivity backwash per cycle (to equipment drains, not to chemical waste).
Evaporator and demineralizer decontamination factors (DF's) are presented in
Table 11.2-7. 11.2.3.3 Total Releases - Comp arison with 10 CFR 20 Limits Calculated annual releases of radionuclides are given in Table 11.2-1. Liquid waste is discharged into the cooling lake blowdown line; the resulting mixture of liquid radwaste and cooling lake blowdown is subsequently discharged into the Illinois River as shown in Drawing No. M-2. The cooling lake blowdown flow ranges to a maximum of 81,000 gpm depending on coolin g lake conditions. The average lake blowdown on an annual basis is 30,000 gpm. Liquid radwaste di scharge rate ranges from 30 gpm to a calculated maximum of 90 gpm. Table 11.2-1 lists effluent concentrations prior to discharge in the river after dilution based on 90 gpm radwaste discharge and 30,000 gpm lake blowdown. These are well below 10 CFR 20 Table II, Column 2 limits also listed in Table 11.2-1.
11.2.3.4 Radiological Dose Assessment - Comparison wi th Appendix I Guidelines Expected annual average radiological doses associated with radi onuclides released in liquid effluents have been estimated for areas beyond the restricted area boundary. The annual releases given in Table 11.2-1 were assumed for calculation LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-22 REV. 13 of the average annual doses. Other assu mptions are listed in Table 11.2-8. The resulting annual doses are listed in T able 11.2-2 and are well below the design objectives of Appendix I to 10 CFR 50. An alternate calculation of releases and dose assessment was made to demonstrate compliance to Appendix I and submitted to the NRC for review (Reference 1). This submittal, as requested by the NRC, ut ilized assumptions of Reference 2 and the BWR-GALE code. There are some differences between the UFSAR and the Reference 1 transmittal due to the following: a. Differences in initial coolant activities. (The present analysis used design basis coolant activities; Re ference 1 utilized Reference 2 and draft ANS standard data.) b. Differences in analytic modeling of the radwaste system. (The BWR-GALE code utilized in Reference 1 is limited to three process streams. The user must input single "effective" holdup times and total decontamination factors descriptiv e of the complete system. The present analysis considered all of the separate processing paths and separate equipment. The present modeling is considered to be much more representative of the LSCS liquid radwaste system.) c. Differences in discharge fraction. (The present analysis assumed 100% discharge of the chemical waste stream and 100% recycle of the remaining streams: Reference 1 assumed 1% discharge of the high purity stream and 10% discharge of all other streams.) d. Additional release to account for "anticipated operational occurrences." (Reference 1 included an additional 0.15 Ci/year release to account for anticipated operational occurrences as per the guidance of Section 2.2.20.1 of Reference 2. It should be noted that before the additional 0.15 Ci/year is added, the total curie release reported in Table 11.2-1 is similar to that of Reference 2 in spite of the differences in the assumptions.) The doses calculated using the NRC models and reported in Reference 1 are also below the design objectives of Appendix I to 10 CFR 50. 11.2.4 References
- 1. "Information Relevant to Keeping Levels of Radioactivity in Effluents to Unrestricted Areas as Low as Reasonably Achievable" (filed in accordance with Section V.B. of 10 CFR 50, Appendix I), LaSalle County Station, Units 1 and 2, June 4, 1976.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.2-23 REV. 13 2. "Calculation of Releases of Radioactive Materials in Gaseous and Liquid Effluents from Boiling Water Reac tors (BWR-GALE Code)," NUREG-0016, April 1976.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-1 (Sheet 1 of 2) TABLE 11.2-1 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 EXPECTED RELEASES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS FROM NORMAL OPERATIONS AND OPERATIONAL OCCURRENCES COMPARED TO 10 CFR 20 LIMITS (f) NUCLIDE ANNUAL DISCHARGE NORMAL OPERATIONS (Ci/yr PER REACTOR) (a)
- CONCENTRATION IN BLOWDOWN LINE BASED ON 30,000 gpm LAKE BLOWDOWN (µCi/cm 3) MAX PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION
(µCi/cm 3 ) (b) NA 24 7.4-07 (c) 1.4-123-05 P 32 3.5-07 6.4-132-05 CR 51 3.5-04 6.4-102-03 MN 54 5.2-05 9.1-111-04 MN 56 7.0-06 1.3-111-04 CO 58 5.2-03 9.2-099-05 FE 59 7.2-05 1.3-105-05 CO 60 6.9-04 1.3-093-05 NI 65 5.1-08 7.6-141-04 ZN 65 1.0-07 1.9-131-04 ZN 69M 9.5-09 1.7-146-05 ZN 69 1.0-08 1.9-142-03 BR 83 1.4-06 2.6-123-06 BR 84 2.4-08 4.4-14 (d) BR 85 4.8-12 8.8-18 (d) SR 89 1.2-04 2.2-103-06 Y 89M 1.2-08 2.2-14 (d) SR 90 1.3-05 2.4-113-07 Y 90 1.2-05 2.2-112-05 SR 91 1.1-05 2.0-115-05 Y 91 1.9-05 1.3-103-05 SR 92 7.1-07 1.3-126-05 Y 92 2.6-06 4.8-126-05 ZR 95 4.1-05 7.4-116-05 NB 95M 7.7-07 1.4-123-06 NB 95 5.2-05 9.6-111-04 ZR 97 3.7-07 6.8-132-05 NB 97M 3.7-07 6.8-13 (e) NB 97 3.9-07 4.2-139-04 MO 99 1.7-03 3.0-094-05 TC 99M 1.0-03 1.9-093-03 TC 99 7.6-11 1.4-162-04 TC 101 4.5-10 8.4-16 (d) RU 103 1.6-05 3.0-118-05 RH 103M 1.6-05 3.0-111-03 RU 106 3.4-06 6.2-121-05 RH 106 3.4-06 6.2-12 (e) AG 110M 7.7-05 1.4-103-05 AG 110 1.0-06 1.8-12 (d) TE 129M 1.3-06 2.4-122-05 TE 129 8.1-07 1.5-128-04 I 129 5.1-14 9.4-208-04
- Notes a, b, c, d, and e, and f are found on the last page of this table.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-1 (Sheet 2 of 2) TABLE 11.2-1 REV. 14, APRIL 2002
NUCLIDE ANNUAL DISCHARGE NORMAL OPERATIONS (Ci/yr PER REACTOR) (a) CONCENTRATION IN BLOWDOWN LINE BASED ON 30,000 gpm LAKE BLOWDOWN (µCi/cm 3) MAX PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION (µCi/cm 3 ) (b) I 131 2.6-02 4.8-08 3-07 TE 132 1.8-04 3.2-10 2-05 I 132 3.4-04 6.2-10 8-06 I 133 1.1-02 2.0-08 1-06 I 134 9.9-06 1.8-11 2-05 CS 134 7.8-05 1.4-10 9-06 I 135 1.9-03 3.4-09 4-06 CS 136 1.6-05 2.8-11 6-05 CS 137 1.2-04 2.2-10 2-05 BA 137M 1.1-04 2.0-10 (d) CS 138 7.9-08 1.5-13 (d) BA 139 1.4-07 2.6-13 (d) BA 140 1.4-04 2.6-10 2-05 LA 140 1.5-04 2.6-10 2-05 BA 141 1.2-09 2.2-15 (e) LA 141 2.6-07 4.6-13 2-05 CE 141 1.3-04 2.4-10 9-05 BA 142 2.5-10 4.4-16 (d) LA 142 2.7-08 5.0-14 (d) CE 143 1.1-06 2.0-12 4-05 PR 143 1.7-05 3.2-11 5-05 CE 144 4.5-05 8.2-11 1-05 PR 144 4.5-05 8.2-11 (d) ND 147 4.8-06 8.8-12 6-05 PM 147 1.7-07 3.0-13 2-04 W 187 5.9-05 1.1-10 6-05 NP 239 6.0-04 1.1-9 1-04 TOTALS 5.1-02 9.2-08 H-3 8.2-00(e) 1.5-05(e) 3-03 (a) Based on assumptions given in Subsection 11.2.3.2. (b) From 10 CFR 20, Table II, Column 2. (c) 7.4-07 means 7.4 x 10-7. (d) Half-life less than 2 hours. (e) At equilibrium. (f) Table 11.2-1 is not intended to contain limits for the radionuclides or imply that all the listed radionuclides must be present in the given proportions. LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-2 TABLE 11.2-2 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 RADIOLOGICAL DOSE TO INDIVIDUAL AT OR BEYOND THE SITE BOUNDARY
- ANNUAL DOSES, mrem/yr PER UNIT ORGAN: TOTAL BODY SKIN GI-LLI THYROID BONE APPENDIX I, 10 CFR 50 DESIGN OBJECTIVE 3 10 10 10 10 ANNUAL DOSE AT LSCS DUE TO: Drinking water 5.4 x 10 6.1 x 10
-5 2.6 x 10-3 8.3 x 10-6 Eating fish 6.6 x 10 9.3 x 10 -4 1.4 x 10-2 5.4 x 10-4 Shoreline activities 1.5 x 10 -5 1.8 x 10-5 1.5 x 10-5 1.5 x 10-5 1.5 x 10-5 Swimming 1.1 x 10 -6 1.5 x 10-6 1.1 x 10-6 1.1 x 10-6 1.1 x 10-6 Boating 2.6 x 10 -6 3.5 x 10-6 2.6 x 10-6 2.6 x 10-6 2.6 x 10-6
- Principal assumptions are listed in Table 11.2-8.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-3 (Sheet 1 of 2) TABLE 11.2-3 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 LIQUID RADWASTE SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND DESIGN PARAMETERS I. TANKS NUMBER DESCRIPTION CAPACITY (gal) 2 Waste collector (1WEO1T, 2WEO1T) 30,000 2 Waste surge (1WEO2T, 2WEO2T) 50,000 3 Waste sample (1, 2WEO3T, OWEO1T) 30,000 2 Discharge (1, 2WFO5T) 25,000 2 Floor drain collector (1WFO1T, 2WFO1T) 25,000 2 Waste flocculation (1WEO4T, 2WEO4T) 25,000 4 Floor drain concentrator feed (1WFO3TA, B; 2WFO3TA, B) 25,000 2 Floor drain head (1WFO4T, 2WFO4T) 5,000 2 Chemical waste collector (1WZO1T, 2WZO1T) 36,000 2 Chemical waste processing (1WZO2T, 2WZO2T) 25,000 1 Chemical waste head (OWZO1T)
- 5,000 2 Laundry drain collector (OWYO1TA, B)* 1,000 1 Laundry sample (OWYO2T)* 1,000 4 Phase separator (1, 2WXO1TA, B) 6,900 2 Concentrated waste (OWXO7TA, B)* (abandoned-in-place) 5,000 1 Spent resin (OWXO3T)* 15,000 1 Waste sludge (OWXO1T)* 15,000 1 URC sludge (OWXO2T)* 15,000 II. FILTERS AND DEMINERALIZERS NUMBER DESCRIPTION FLOW (gal/min) 2 Waste filter (1WEO1F, 2WEO1F) 300 2 Waste demineralizers (1WEO1D, 2WEO1D) 300 2 Floor drain demineralizers (1WFO1D, 2WFO1D) 75 1 Chemical waste demineralizer (OWZO1D)* 75
- Asterisk indicates equipment common to Units 1 and 2.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-3 (Sheet 2 of 2) TABLE 11.2-3 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 III. CONCENTRATORS
NUMBER DESCRIPTION FLOW (gal/min) STEAM REQUIRED (lb/hr) 1 Chemical waste concentrator (0WZ01S)* (abandoned-in-place) 30 21,000 2 Floor drain concentrator (1WF01S, 2WF01S) (abandoned-in-place) 30 21,000
IV. LAUNDRY NUMBER DESCRIPTION FLOW (gal/min) 1 Laundry (0WY02F)* 4.0
- Asterisk indicates equipment common to Units 1 and 2.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-4 TABLE 11.2-4 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 DESIGN-BASIS INFLUENT RADIOACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS IN LIQUID WASTE PROCESSING STREAMS AND COMPARISON TO REACTOR WATER ACTIVITY ISOTOPE CHEMICAL WASTE (µCi/cm 3) EQUIPMENT DRAIN (µCi/cm 3) FLOOR DRAIN (µCi/cm 3) LAUNDRY (µCi/cm 3) N-13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N-16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N-17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0-19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 F-18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Na-24 1.0-03 2.0-03 6.2-04 0.0 P-32 2.2-04 2.0-05 6.2-06 0.0 Cr-51 4.5-03 5.0-04 1.6-04 0.0 Mn-54 6.3-04 4.0-05 1.2-05 1.5-06 Mn-56 2.2-03 5.0-02 1.6-02 0.0 Co-58 6.4-02 5.0-03 1.6-03 8.4-06 Fe-59 8.9-04 8.0-05 2.5-05 0.0 Co-60 8.4-03 5.0-04 1.6-04 1.3-05 Ni-65 1.3-05 3.0-04 9.3-05 0.0 Zn-65 6.2-05 2.0-06 6.2-07 0.0 Zn-69m 1.4-05 3.0-05 9.3-06 0.0 Br-83 1.2-03 1.5-02 4.6-03 0.0 Br-84 4.9-04 2.7-02 8.3-03 0.0 Br-85 3.2-05 1.7-02 5.2-03 0.0 Sr-89 7.2-02 3.1-03 9.6-04 0.0 Sr-90 7.8-03 2.3-04 7.1-05 0.0 Sr-91 2.3-02 6.9-02 2.1-02 0.0 Sr-92 1.0-02 1.1-01 3.4-02 0.0 Zr-95 1.0-02 4.0-05 1.2-05 2.0-06 Nb-95 6.4-04 4.2-05 1.3-06 2.9-0 6 Zr-97 9.3-06 3.2-05 9.9-06 0.0 Mo-99 2.5-02 2.2-02 6.8-03 0.0 Tc-99m 7.9-02 2.8-01 8.7-02 0.0 Tc-99 4.3-08 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tc-101 1.1-03 1.4-01 4.3-02 0.0 Ru-103 2.0-04 1.9-05 5.9-06 2.0-07 Ru-106 4.2-05 2.6-06 8.1-07 3.5-0 6 Ag-110m 9.4-04 6.0-05 1.9-05 6.4-07 Te-129m 7.8-04 4.0-05 1.2-05 0.0 I-131 8.5-01 1.3-02 4.0-03 0.0 Te-132 1.3-01 4.9-02 1.5-02 0.0 I-132 2.2-01 1.2-01 3.7-02 0.0 I-133 6.3-01 8.9-02 2.8-02 0.0 I-134 7.1-02 2.4-01 7.4-02 0.0 Cs-134 4.8-03 1.6-04 5.0-05 1.9-05 I-135 3.0-01 1.3-01 4.0-02 0.0 Cs-136 1.0-03 1.1-04 3.4-05 0.0 Cs-137 7.3-03 2.4-04 7.4-05 3.5-05 Cs-138 3.2-03 1.9-01 5.9-02 0.0 Ba-139 7.5-03 1.6-01 5.0-02 0.0 Ba-140 9.0-02 9.0-03 2.8-03 0.0 Ba-141 1.8-03 1.7-01 5.3-02 0.0 Ce-141 1.6-03 3.9-05 1.2-05 0.0 Ba-142 1.1-03 17-01 5.3-02 0.0 Ce-143 2.0-05 3.5-05 1.1-05 0.0 Pr-143 2.2-04 3.8-05 1.2-05 0.0 Ce-144 5.5-04 3.5-05 1.1-05 7.3-06 Nd-147 6.2-05 1.4-05 4.3-06 0.0 W-187 1.2-03 3.0-03 9.3-04 0.0 Np-239 4.6-01 2.4-01 7.4-02 0.0Equivalent fraction of reactor water Not a direct fraction. Calculated values based on assumptions stated in Subsection 11.2.3.2. 1.00* 0.31** Not a direct fraction.
- Basis given in Subsection 11.2.1.7.7. ** Draft ALARA Regulatory Guide gives range of 0.01 to 1.00 for influent streams. NEDO-10951: Releases from BWR Radwaste Management systems (GE) gives 0.00017 to 0.30 as a range. General Electric Standard Safety Analysis Report gives 0.009 to 0.365 as a range. The 0.31 value is a weighted average from these references.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 1 of 8) EXPECTED INVENTORIES IN LIQUID RADWASTE SYSTEM COMPONENTS INVENTORY
SUMMARY
(CURIES) ISOTOPE NAME WASTE COLLECTION TANK WASTE SURGE TANK WASTE FLOCCULATION TANK WASTE DEMINERALIZER WASTE FILTER FLOOR DRAIN TANK FLOOR DRAIN EVAPORATOR
- N 13 N 16 N 17 F 18 O 19 NA 24 P 32 CR 51 MN 54 MN 56 CO 58 FE 59 CO 60 NI 65 ZN 65 ZN 69M ZN 69 BR 83 KR 83M BR 84 BR 85 KR 85M KR 85 SR 89 Y 89M SR 90 Y 90M Y 90 SR 91 Y 91M Y 91 SR 92 Y 92 ZR 95 NB 95M NB 95 ZR 97 NB 97M NB 97 MO 99 TC 99M TC 99 TC 101 RU 103 RH 103H RU 106 RH 106M RH 106 AG 110M 2.180-02 1.308-01 2.272-05 2.384-02 1.847-02 5.031-02 6.937-04 1.748-02 1.408-03 4.146-01 1.756-01 2.805-03 1.762-02 2.473-03 7.041-05 7.327-04 6.871-04 1.167-01 0.000 4.681-02 2.783-03 0.000 0.000 1.088-01 1.087-05 8.104-03 0.000 6.458-04 1.466+00 8.209-01 6.120-03 9.567-01 8.371-01 1.405-03 1.619-06 1.479-03 8.355-04 8.321-04 7.631-04 7.160-01 4.922+00 1.816-08 1.069-01 6.657-04 6.074-04 9.156-05 0.000 9.148-05 2.112-03 3.796-02 2.279-01 3.957-05 4.164-02 3.217-02 1.525-01 3.611-03 9.239-02 7.560-03 7.333-01 9.379-01 1.492-02 9.468-02 4.373-03 3.778-04 2.140-03 2.124-03 2.055-01 0.000 8.153-02 4.847-03 0.000 0.000 5.794-01 5.794-05 4.356-02 0.000 9.596-03 3.679+00 2.153+00 6.255-02 1.698+00 1.698+00 7.497-03 2.468-05 7.945-03 2.664-03 2.655-03 2.630-03 3.284+00 1.196+01 1.650-07 1.862-01 3.537-03 3.437-03 4.916-04 0.000 4.914-04 1.133-02 4.647-04 2.789-03 4.844-07 5.097-04 3.938-04 1.751-03 3.634-05 9.258-04 7.544-05 8.976-03 9.373-03 1.493-04 9.445-04 5.352-05 3.770-06 2.475-05 2.445-05 2.516-03 0.000 9.980-04 5.932-05 0.000 0.000 5.795-03 5.794-07 4.346-04 0.000 8.038-05 4.370-02 2.550-02 5.752-04 2.079-02 2.075-02 7.493-05 2.053-07 7.927-05 3.026-05 3.016-05 2.967-05 3.419-02 1.398-01 1.528-09 2.280-03 3.539-05 3.417-05 4.905-04 0.000 4.904-06 1.131-04 9.688-04 5.816-03 1.010-06 1.061-03 8.210-04 1.376-01 2.215-02 3.280-02 2.980-03 9.699-03 3.571-01 5.534-03 3.767-02 5.757-05 2.851-03 1.802-03 1.918-03 4.465-02 0.000 5.506-03 1.396-04 0.000 0.000 4.163+00 4.163-04 3.330-01 0.000 2.342-01 2.384+00 1.512+00 6.284-01 4.084-01 8.452-01 2.842-03 3.466-05 3.139-03 1.402-04 1.399-04 1.491-04 5.166-01 5.426+00 1.516-06 8.123-03 1.299-03 1.299-03 1.942-04 0.000 1.942-04 4.459-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.022-03 1.348-03 1.311+00 1.332-01 1.023-01 1.536+01 2.315-01 1.700+00 6.065-04 2.142-04 5.159-05 5.512-05 8.672-04 0.000 7.581-05 4.254-07 0.000 0.000 2.967-01 2.967-05 2.539-02 0.000 2.161-02 6.240-02 3.977-02 4.591-02 8.073-03 1.859-02 1.217-01 1.943-03 1.400-01 2.459-03 2.454-03 2.631-03 1.184+01 1.046+01 1.799-06 7.629-05 5.376-02 5.381-02 8.694-03 0.000 8.694-03 1.988-01 1.506-02 9.043-02 1.570-05 1.651-02 1.277-02 3.931-02 5.760-04 1.453-02 1.173-03 2.891-01 1.462-01 2.334-03 1.467-02 1.724-03 5.864-05 5.697-04 5.428-04 8.119-02 0.000 3.235-02 1.923-03 0.000 0.000 9.052-02 9.049-06 6.750-03 0.000 6.413-04 1.114+00 6.323-01 5.855-03 6.683-01 6.191-01 1.169-03 1.612-06 1.232-03 6.571-04 6.546-04 6.132-04 5.870-01 3.669+00 1.686-08 7.390-02 5.539-04 5.137-04 7.626-05 0.000 7.621-05 1.759-03 2.228-06 4.104-07 4.158-11 3.749-06 2.210-07 3.123-04 4.606-06 1.162-04 9.383-06 2.223-03 1.169-03 1.867-05 1.174-04 1.326-05 4.690-07 4.523-06 4.360-06 6.226-04 0.000 2.164-04 5.005-06 0.000 0.000 7.240-04 7.240-08 5.400-05 0.000 5.209-06 8.819-03 5.071-03 4.747-05 5.149-03 4.958-03 9.352-06 1.310-08 9.856-06 5.225-06 5.213-06 4.931-06 4.688-03 2.892-02 1.366-10 4.093-04 4.430-06 4.141-06 6.100-07 0.000 6.100-07 1.407-05
- Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 2 of 8) INVENTORY
SUMMARY
(CURIES)
ISOTOPE NAME WASTE COLLECTION TANK WASTE SURGE TANK WASTE FLOCCULATION TANK WASTE DEMINERALIZER WASTE FILTER FLOOR DRAIN TANK FLOOR DRAIN EVAPORATOR
- AG110 TE129M TE129 I 129 I 131 XE131M TE132 I 132 I 133 XE133M XE133 I 134 CS134 I 135 XE135M XE135 CS135 CS136 CS137 BA137M CS138 BA139 BA140 LA140 BA141 LA141 CE141 BA142 LA142 CE143 PR143 CE144 PR144 ND147 PM147 W 187 NP239 TOTAL = 2.744-05 1.400-03 8.010-04 4.450-14 4.455-01 0.000 1.613+00 2.179+00 2.453+00 0.000 0.000 6.804-01 5.636-03 2.279+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.810-03 8.456-03 7.877-03 3.331-01 7.215-01 3.116-01 3.850-02 1.666-01 1.553-01 2.798-03 1.019-01 1.018-01 1.052-03 1.335-03 1.232-03 1.199-03 4.835-04 1.143-07 8.507-02 7.698+00 3.040+01 1.473-04 7.424-03 4.591-03 7.998-13 2.262+00 0.000 7.558+00 8.698+00 8.463+00 0.000 0.000 1.185+00 3.028-02 4.930+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.976-02 4.546-02 4.245-02 5.802-01 1.257+00 1.616+00 5.249-01 2.903-01 2.902-01 1.769-02 1.775-01 1.775-01 4.178-03 7.082-03 6.614-03 6.556-03 2.493-03 1.844-06 3.067-01 3.435+01 1.009+02 1.470-06 7.434-05 4.559-05 6.439-15 2.292-02 0.000 7.823-02 9.174-02 9.448-02 0.000 0.000 1.451-02 3.021-04 5.971-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.991-04 4.535-04 4.234-04 7.101-03 1.539-02 1.628-02 4.497-03 3.553-03 3.549-03 1.737-04 2.172-03 2.172-03 4.511-05 7.097-05 6.600-05 6.530-05 2.515-05 1.511-08 3.389-03 3.601-01 1.106+00 5.797-05 5.163-02 3.307-02 3.425-11 1.186+01 0.000 2.526+01 2.622+01 9.960+00 0.000 0.000 1.122-01 2.096-01 2.443+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.079-01 3.160-01 2.955-01 3.718-02 1.710-01 9.673+00 8.432+00 1.421-02 1.011-01 2.349-02 7.021-03 2.895-02 3.762-04 2.348-03 2.606-03 2.605-03 7.516-04 3.538-06 2.112-02 9.113+01 2.037+02 2.584-03 3.556-03 2.279-03 4.702-12 6.299-01 0.000 1.020+00 1.055+00 3.118-01 0.000 0.000 1.802-03 1.750-02 5.798-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.083-03 2.650-02 2.477-02 5.454-04 3.042-03 5.754-01 5.681-01 1.526-04 2.135-03 2.610-01 5.705-05 5.344-04 7.473-03 8.450-02 1.163-01 1.163-01 2.567-02 2.556-04 3.968-01 3.391+00 5.097+01 2.286-05 1.165-03 6.799-04 4.559-14 3.690-01 0.000 1.325+00 1.725+00 1.948+00 0.000 0.000 4.702-01 4.694-03 1.686+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.162-03 7.044-03 6.565-03 2.302-01 4.988-01 2.586-01 3.789-02 1.152-01 1.107-01 2.427-03 7.042-02 7.041-02 8.493-04 1.111-03 1.026-03 1.004-03 4.011-04 1.145-07 6.792-02 6.292+00 2.354+01 1.829-07 9.316-06 5.482-06 3.705-16 2.948-03 0.000 1.058-02 1.365-02 1.550-02 0.000 0.000 3.356-03 3.755-05 1.327-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.529-05 5.635-05 5.264-05 1.543-03 3.711-03 2.068-03 3.076-04 6.844-04 8.805-04 1.953-05 3.597-04 5.503-04 6.772-06 8.888-06 8.209-06 8.076-06 3.207-06 9.303-10 5.409-04 5.024-02 1.842-01
- Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 3 of 8) INVENTORY
SUMMARY
(CURIES)
ISOTOPE NAME FLOOR SAMPLE TANK FLOOR MIXED-BED DEMINERALIZER FLOOR CONCENTRATOR SAMPLE TANK CONDENSATE POLISHER CHEMICAL WASTE COLLECTION TANK N 13 N 16 N 17 F 18 O 19 NA 24 P 32 CR 51 MN 54 MN 56 CO 58 FE 59 CO 60 NI 65 ZN 65 ZN 69M ZN 69 BR 83 KR 83M BR 84 BR 85 KR 85M KR 85 SR 89 Y 89M SR 90 Y 90M Y 90 SR 91 Y 91M Y 91 SR 92 Y 92 ZR 95 NB 95M NB 95 ZR 97 NB 97M NB 97 MO 99 TC 99M TC 99 TC 101 RU 103 RH 103M RU 106 RH 106M RH 106 AG 110M 1.877-04 1.352-05 1.359-09 1.758-03 7.702-06 7.411-07 1.184-08 2.993-07 2.420-08 3.660-06 3.014-06 4.810-08 3.028-07 2.177-08 1.210-09 1.065-08 1.098-08 9.966-07 0.000 1.275-07 7.196-10 0.000 0.000 1.866-06 1.866-10 1.393-07 0.000 1.605-08 2.001-05 1.235-05 1.416-07 8.651-06 1.189-05 2.411-08 4.009-11 2.542-08 1.252-08 1.249-08 1.272-08 1.187-05 6.275-05 3.989-13 1.290-07 1.141-08 1.115-08 1.573-09 0.000 1.573-09 3.629-08 6.193-06 4.463-07 4.486-11 5.800-05 2.542-07 4.148-06 9.333-07 1.466-05 1.471-06 1.882-06 1.703-04 2.575-04 1.876-05 1.113-08 1.448-07 5.453-08 5.840-08 9.201-07 0.000 2.923-08 3.708-11 0.000 0.000 2.016-04 2.016-08 1.714-05 0.000 1.424-05 7.226-05 4.624-05 3.096-05 8.964-06 2.461-05 1.350-06 2.091-08 1.547-06 4.026-08 4.018-08 4.315-08 1.479-04 2.701-04 9.461-11 1.541-08 5.987-07 5.992-07 9.603-08 0.000 9.603-08 2.196-06 1.169-05 1.011-08 5.884-13 9.356-04 2.323-08 6.986-09 1.217-10 1.541-07 1.248-08 1.159-06 1.554-06 2.478-08 1.562-07 6.872-09 1.248-11 9.956-11 1.054-10 6.117-09 0.000 2.514-10 1.346-13 0.000 0.000 1.923-08 1.923-12 1.437-09 0.000 1.941-10 1.796-07 1.138-07 1.652-09 5.599-08 1.048-07 1.242-08 2.414-11 1.311-08 5.962-09 5.950-09 6.266-09 5.997-06 1.566-06 5.642-15 1.127-10 5.879-09 5.839-09 8.116-10 0.000 8.116-10 1.872-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.647-02 1.002-02 2.000-01 2.883-02 9.996-02 2.920+00 4.027-02 3.815-01 5.961-04 2.835-03 6.373-04 6.370-04 1.117+00 0.000 4.467-01 2.913-02 0.000 0.000 3.289+00 3.289-04 3.537-01 0.000 3.311-01 1.031+00 6.051-01 5.191-01 4.615-01 4.606-01 2.279-02 4.246-04 2.919-02 4.216-04 4.201-04 4.214-04 1.139+00 3.591+00 1.959-06 5.168-02 9.064-03 9.059-03 1.896-03 0.000 1.896-03 4.268-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.153-02 8.996-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.546-03 5.693-04 5.719-04 9.735-01 0.000 3.510-01 8.548-03 0.000 0.000 2.953+00 2.953-04 3.176-01 0.000 2.975-01 9.189-01 5.431-01 4.662-01 4.035-01 4.135-01 2.046-02 3.146-07 2.477-06 3.770-04 3.327-04 1.755-05 0.000 3.186+00 1.759-06 3.459-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 4 of 8) INVENTORY
SUMMARY
(CURIES)
ISOTOPE NAME FLOOR SAMPLE TANK FLOOR MIXED-BED DEMINERALIZER FLOOR CONCENTRATOR SAMPLE TANK CONDENSATE POLISHER CHEMICAL WASTE COLLECTION TANK AG110 TE129M TE129 I 129 I 131 XE131M TE132 I 132 I 133 XE133M XE133 I 134 CS134 I 135 XE135M XE135 CS135 CS136 CS137 BA137M CS138 BA139 BA140 LA140 BA141 LA141 CE141 BA142 LA142 CE143 PR143 CE144 PR144 ND147 PM147 W 187 NP239 TOTAL = 4.718-10 2.399-08 1.486-08 9.624-18 7.561-05 0.000 2.686-05 2.185-04 3.768-04 0.000 0.000 2.921-05 9.686-08 2.852-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.497-08 1.454-07 1.360-07 9.173-07 4.449-06 5.313-06 9.343-07 2.581-07 1.758-06 5.340-08 9.650-08 7.521-07 1.681-08 2.291-08 2.117-08 2.113-08 8.234-09 2.860-12 1.324-06 1.267-04 3.261-03 2.855-08 2.426-06 1.554-06 4.073-15 4.445-03 0.000 7.661-04 9.580-04 2.942-03 0.000 0.000 1.034-05 1.074-05 7.172-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.469-06 1.626-05 1.520-05 1.957-07 2.418-06 3.995-04 3.825-04 3.715-08 2.620-06 3.582-06 9.730-09 4.582-07 1.043-07 9.555-07 1.285-06 1.285-06 2.927-07 2.712-09 5.950-06 2.644-03 1.446-02 2.434-10 2.472-10 1.564-10 1.016-19 7.746-07 0.000 2.723-07 1.427-06 3.643-06 0.000 0.000 9.075-08 9.993-09 2.413-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.674-09 1.500-08 1.384-08 1.827-08 1.984-08 5.458-08 1.115-08 2.892-10 1.313-08 2.752-08 6.612-11 3.652-09 8.321-09 1.180-08 1.092-08 1.092-08 4.226-09 1.731-12 6.448-07 1.276-06 9.693-04 5.548-04 3.556-02 2.275-02 1.424-10 7.724+01 0.000 5.910+00 1.445+01 5.778+01 0.000 0.000 6.468+00 2.161-01 2.695+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.574-02 3.326-01 3.110-01 1.433-01 3.423-01 4.102+00 4.077+00 8.014-02 7.872-02 7.337-02 4.955-02 4.813-02 8.935-04 9.980-03 2.511-02 2.511-02 2.817-03 9.112-05 5.541-02 2.093+01 2.371+02 0.000 3.193-02 2.043-02 1.279-10 6.933+01 0.000 5.302+00 1.274+01 5.171+01 0.000 0.000 5.349+00 1.940-01 2.394+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.918-01 3.683+00 3.661+00 5.708-02 7.052-02 6.452-06 3.077-02 4.283-02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.874+02 TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 5 of 8) INVENTORY
SUMMARY
(CURIES)
ISOTOPE NAME CHEMICAL WASTE EVAPORATOR
- CHEMICAL WASTE SAMPLE TANK CHEMICAL WASTE DEMINERALIZER WASTE SAMPLE TANK RWCU FILTER/ DEMINERALIZER RWCU PHASE SEPARATOR FUEL POOL F/D N 13 N 16 N 17 F 18 O 19 NA 24 P 32 CR 51 MN 54 MN 56 CO 58 FE 59 CO 60 NI 65 ZN 65 ZN 69M ZN 69 BR 83 KR 83M BR 84 BR 85 KR 85M KR 85 SR 89 Y 89M SR 90 Y 90M Y 90 SR 91 Y 91M Y 91 SR 92 Y 92 ZR 95 NB 95M NB 95 ZR 97 NB 97M NB 97 MO 99 TC 99M TC 99 TC101 RU103 RH103M RU106 RH106M RH106 AG110M 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.747-04 1.497-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.242-05 9.228-06 9.443-06 1.398-02 0.000 3.385-03 1.634-05 0.000 0.000 4.920-02 4.920-06 5.293-03 0.000 4.960-03 1.473-02 8.922-03 7.771-03 5.886-03 6.791-03 3.409-04 3.438-08 1.948-07 6.143-06 6.101-06 1.715-06 0.000 4.988-02 2.933-08 2.173-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.277-06 3.705-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.062-07 1.704-08 1.814-08 9.879-06 0.000 7.991-07 1.837-09 0.000 0.000 1.229-04 1.229-08 1.327-05 0.000 1.249-05 2.420-05 1.538-05 1.951-05 4.567-06 9.710-06 8.520-07 9.026-10 4.926-09 1.200-08 1.197-08 1.092-08 0.000 6.583-05 7.369-11 3.469-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.969-07 2.858-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.275-08 1.043-08 1.118-08 2.635-06 0.000 6.960-08 7.000-11 0.000 0.000 9.549-05 9.550-09 1.034-05 0.000 9.766-06 1.347-05 8.633-06 1.520-05 1.329-06 4.237-06 3.486-07 6.105-10 3.378-09 4.072-09 4.063-09 4.195-09 0.000 3.055-05 5.751-11 1.971-09 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.839-04 1.325-05 1.332-09 2.208-03 7.547-06 3.157-04 9.527-06 1.263-03 1.039-04 2.714-03 1.287-02 2.045-04 1.302-03 1.609-05 1.008-06 4.329-06 4.603-06 1.384-04 0.000 1.220-05 6.846-08 0.000 0.000 1.543-03 1.543-07 1.164-04 0.000 3.124-05 6.637-03 4.214-03 1.893-04 1.281-03 2.769-03 1.028-04 4.162-07 1.092-04 2.923-05 2.917-05 3.105-05 4.251-02 4.078-02 5.912-10 1.228-05 4.843-05 4.834-05 6.759-06 0.000 6.759-06 1.558-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.197+00 7.869-02 2.129+00 1.841-01 5.098+00 2.242+01 3.519-01 2.317+00 3.040-02 9.188-03 1.641-02 1.644-02 1.428+00 0.000 5.523-01 2.400-02 0.000 0.000 1.373+01 1.373-03 1.067+00 0.000 5.759-01 2.655+01 1.561+01 1.930-00 1.181+01 1.189+01 1.788-01 1.587-03 1.938-01 2.168-02 2.163-02 2.170-02 4.839+01 1.081+02 5.801-06 1.210+00 8.296-02 8.233-02 1.198-02 0.000 1.198-02 2.757-01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.395+00 5.469-01 2.628+01 7.823+00 1.020+01 5.624+02 6.454-00 1.155+02 6.080-02 3.741-01 3.284-02 3.288-02 2.856-00 0.000 1.105-00 4.799-02 0.000 0.000 2.804+02 2.804-02 5.455+01 0.000 5.339+01 5.310+01 3.123+01 4.679+01 2.362+01 2.377+01 4.241+00 8.394-02 6.287+00 4.341-02 4.330-02 4.345-02 1.174+02 2.361+02 4.014-04 2.420+00 1.375+00 1.375+00 5.260-01 0.000 5.260-01 1.130+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.752-03 5.918-04 1.652-02 1.477-03 2.891-02 1.779-01 2.768-03 1.864-02 1.724-04 7.363-05 9.260-05 9.260-05 8.103-02 0.000 3.214-02 1.911-03 0.000 0.000 1.084-00 1.084-04 8.585-02 0.000 5.529-02 1.498+00 8.796-01 1.570-01 6.695-01 6.695-01 1.417-02 1.562-04 1.555-02 1.224-03 1.220-03 1.224-03 3.032+00 6.396+00 5.055-07 7.342-02 6.507-03 6.473-03 9.617-04 0.000 9.616-04 2.210-02 *Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 6 of 8) INVENTORY
SUMMARY
(CURIES)
ISOTOPE NAME CHEMICAL WASTE EVAPORATOR
- CHEMICAL WASTE SAMPLE TANK CHEMICAL WASTE DEMINERALIZER WASTE SAMPLE TANK RWCU FILTER/ DEMINERALIZER RWCU PHASE SEPARATOR FUEL POOL F/D AG110 TE129M TE129 I 129 I 131 XE131M TE132 I 132 I 133 XE133M XE133 I 134 CS134 I 135 XE135M XE135 CS135 CS136 CS137 BA137M CS138 BA139 BA140 LA140 BA141 LA141 CE141 BA142 LA142 CE143 PR143 CE144 PR144 ND147 PM147 W 187 NP239 TOTAL = 0.000 5.318-04 3.404-04 2.131-12 1.152+00 0.000 8.792-02 1.942-01 8.454-01 0.000 0.000 6.162-02 3.234-03 3.769-01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.799-03 6.129-02 6.101-02 4.157-04 1.107-03 6.469-07 1.650-04 6.034-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.023+00 0.000 1.326-06 8.494-07 5.346-14 2.824-02 0.000 2.082-04 1.401-03 1.729-02 0.000 0.000 1.991-04 8.103-06 5.277-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.727-06 1.514-04 1.528-04 7.348-08 1.149-06 9.931-09 2.422-08 3.057-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.323-02 0.000 1.029-06 6.593-07 4.169-14 2.162-02 0.000 1.552-04 4.658-04 1.147-02 0.000 0.000 2.418-05 5.764-06 2.572-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.989-07 1.167-04 1.189-04 4.672-09 4.268-07 6.373-09 1.252-09 5.795-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.674-02 2.025-06 1.973-05 1.259-05 2.690-15 5.914-03 0.000 1.916-02 2.032-02 1.879-02 0.000 0.000 2.899-04 8.086-04 7.489-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.208-04 1.214-03 1.133-03 8.777-04 4.894-04 4.257-03 1.673-03 2.456-05 3.252-04 2.330-04 9.180-06 8.594-05 5.096-05 9.683-05 9.092-05 9.090-05 3.376-05 3.157-08 3.581-03 8.539-02 2.950-01 3.584-03 1.729-01 1.097-01 6.825-11 4.532+01 0.000 1.181+02 1.280+02 7.418+01 0.000 0.000 8.129+00 4.111-01 3.466+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.366-01 6.185-01 5.782-01 2.184+00 8.689+00 3.475+01 2.432+01 1.917+00 2.031+00 4.366-01 1.130+00 1.241+00 4.468-02 1.586-01 1.610-01 1.606-01 5.263-02 1.430-04 2.832+00 4.711+02 1.239+03 1.469-01 2.534+00 1.622+00 3.831-08 2.004+02 0.000 3.049+02 3.268+02 1.490+02 0.000 0.000 1.626+01 1.954+01 6.932+01 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.517+00 3.163+01 2.958+01 4.368+00 1.738+01 2.202+02 2.202+02 3.835+00 4.062+00 6.376+00 2.260+00 2.483+00 9.206-02 1.080+00 6.758+00 6.758+00 2.975-01 3.332-02 5.707+00 1.080+03 4.420+03 2.873-04 1.351-02 8.593-03 7.719-12 3.256+00 0.000 7.569+00 8.158+00 4.197+00 0.000 0.000 4.672-01 3.304-02 1.957+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.768-02 4.977-02 4.652-02 1.271-01 4.957-01 2.594+00 2.066+00 1.144-01 1.144-01 3.431-02 6.997-02 6.997-02 2.578-03 1.198-02 1.291-02 1.289-02 3.889-03 1.551-05 1.607-02 2.882+01 7.538+01
- Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004
TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 7 of 8) INVENTORY
SUMMARY
(CURIES)
ISOTOPE NAME LAUNDRY COLLECTION TANK LAUNDRY FILTER LAUNDRY R.O. UNIT
- LAUNDRY SAMPLE TANK CONCENTRATES WASTE TANK SPENT RESIN TANK WASTE SLUDGE TANK N 13 N 16 N 17 F 18 O 19 NA 24 P 32 CR 51 MN 54 MN 56 CO 58 FE 59 CO 60 NI 65 ZN 65 ZN 69M ZN 69 BR 83 KR 83M BR 84 BR 85 KR 85M KR 85 SR 89 Y 89M SR 90 Y 90M Y 90 SR 91 Y 91M Y 91 SR 92 Y 92 ZR 95 NB 95M NB 95 ZR 97 NB 97M NB 97 MO 99 TC 99M TC 99 TC101 RU103 RH103M RU106 RH106M RH106 AG110M AG110 TE129M 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.600-06 0.000 3.171-05 0.000 4.962-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.650-06 1.333-08 1.095-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.623-07 7.192-07 1.317-05 0.000 1.316-05 2.414-06 3.137-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.105-04 0.000 1.712-03 0.000 3.960-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.987-04 7.737-06 6.512-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.109-05 3.112-05 9.824-04 0.000 9.824-04 1.735-04 2.255-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.544-08 0.000 3.136-07 0.000 4.913-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.566-08 1.571-10 1.084-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.535-09 7.384-09 1.304-07 0.000 1.304-07 2.389-08 3.106-10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.600-09 0.000 3.159-08 0.000 4.967-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.617-09 2.558-11 1.093-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.565-10 7.548-10 1.317-08 0.000 1.317-08 2.413-09 3.137-11 0.000 1.664-08 2.005-11 1.169-15 5.711-07 4.540-11 3.074-02 1.145-01 1.071-01 1.314-02 2.995-03 1.416+00 2.035-02 1.707-01 1.774-05 6.596-02 3.849-04 4.121-04 8.784-02 0.000 4.691-03 2.166-06 0.000 0.000 6.360+01 6.360-03 8.659+00 0.000 8.600+00 4.334-01 2.770-01 1.045+01 4.867-02 1.217-01 4.668-01 8.200-03 1.557-01 3.616-04 3.608-04 3.737-04 5.573-01 1.401+00 4.842-05 1.602-04 4.648-03 4.652-03 9.073-04 0.000 9.073-04 1.951-02 2.537-04 6.116-01 3.830-07 2.760-08 2.774-12 4.592-06 1.571-08 2.335-06 1.332-05 8.694-06 4.474-06 5.304-08 2.222-04 2.282-06 7.756-05 3.130-10 4.146-05 2.857-08 3.067-08 2.773-06 0.000 7.026-08 7.168-11 0.000 0.000 1.573-02 1.573-06 8.188-03 0.000 8.184-03 2.888-05 1.853-05 2.828-03 1.653-06 5.938-06 6.868-05 1.376-06 6.822-05 1.451-08 1.449-08 1.543-08 2.612-05 7.449-05 4.623-08 2.410-09 4.754-07 4.758-07 3.102-07 0.000 3.102-07 6.252-06 8.128-08 1.120-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.637-02 5.612-03 3.524-00 6.909-01 3.598-01 5.241+01 6.911-01 1.072+01 2.137-03 1.346-03 4.908-04 4.990-04 3.262-01 0.000 1.287-01 7.645-03 0.000 0.000 5.243-00 5.243-04 5.079-01 0.000 3.771-01 6.139+00 3.612+00 7.739-01 2.697+00 2.722+00 4.546-01 7.617-03 5.828-01 1.060-02 1.058-02 1.100-02 3.902+01 4.936+01 1.654-05 2.939-01 1.788-01 1.789-01 5.025-02 0.000 5.025-02 1.071+00 1.393-02 6.380-02
- Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-5 (Sheet 8 of 8) INVENTORY
SUMMARY
(CURIES)
ISOTOPE NAME LAUNDRY COLLECTION TANK LAUNDRY FILTER LAUNDRY R.O. UNIT
- LAUNDRY SAMPLE TANK CONCENTRATES WASTE TANK SPENT RESIN TANK WASTE SLUDGE TANK TE129 I 129 I 131 XE131M TE132 I 132 I 133 XE133M XE133 I 134 CS134 I 135 XE135M XE135 CS135 CS136 CS137 BA137M CS138 BA139 BA140 LA140 BA141 LA141 CE141 BA142 LA142 CE143 PR143 CE144 PR144 ND147 PM147 W 187 NP239 TOTAL = 0.000 0.000 3.158-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.157-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.318-04 1.230-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.743-05 2.696-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.197-04 0.000 0.000 1.071-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.802-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.450-04 3.226-04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.997-03 1.997-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.419-02 0.000 0.000 3.010-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.879-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.267-05 1.185-05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.715-07 2.709-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.359-05 0.000 0.000 2.940-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.953-07 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.281-06 1.198-06 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.743-08 2.742-08 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.395-06 3.920-01 4.910-09 5.556-02 0.000 1.929-01 2.049-01 4.636-01 0.000 0.000 1.396-01 5.215+00 6.602+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.496-02 8.715-02 8.148-02 3.224-04 1.603-02 4.360+01 4.905+01 3.897-04 1.352-02 3.078-02 9.662-05 2.919-03 3.141-04 5.873-03 1.154-02 1.154-02 1.678-03 3.600-05 1.567-02 4.808+00 8.493+02 7.176-05 3.707-11 5.594-01 0.000 1.807-03 2.190-03 3.792-02 0.000 0.000 2.440-05 3.910-03 3.816-03 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.526-06 7.074-05 6.614-05 4.508-09 3.520-07 4.881-03 5.516-03 5.651-09 5.809-07 3.058-06 1.552-09 6.839-08 1.385-08 3.388-07 3.822-06 3.822-06 9.094-08 2.286-08 6.610-07 4.386-04 6.558-01 4.063-02 1.325-10 1.448+01 0.000 3.259+01 3.503+01 1.751+01 0.000 0.000 1.873+00 2.351-01 7.966+00 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.762-02 3.708-01 3.466-01 5.097-01 1.990+00 1.175+01 9.627+00 4.580-01 4.627-01 8.409-01 2.800-01 2.812-01 2.742-02 2.504-01 6.415-01 6.418-01 7.603-02 2.701-03 9.784-01 1.230-02 4.447+02
- Abandoned-in-place TABLE 11.2-5 REV 15, APRIL 2004 LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-6 (Sheet 1 of 3) TABLE 11.2-6 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 MAXIMUM AND EXPECTED INPUTS TO RADWASTE SYSTEMS
I. Equipment Drain System (all figures are per unit) Source Normal GPD/Days Per Year Maximum GPD/Days Per Year Reactor equipment drains 2000/365 (1)
- 3760/365 (2) Drywell equipment drains 5800/365 (1) 28000/17 (2) Drywell floor drains 2900/365 (1) 28000/17 (2) Turbine building equipment drains 5700/365 (1) 5730/365 (2) Reactor water cleanup F/D backwash 1200/365 (1) 4200/100 (2) Condensate demineralizer backwash 4000/365 (3) 80000/2 (4) Radwaste demineralizer backwash 2850/365 (3) 5700/365 (5)
- Numerically referenced notes are f ound on the last page of this table.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-6 (Sheet 2 of 3) TABLE 11.2-6 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 II. Floor Drain System (all figures are per unit)
Source Normal GPD/Days Per Year Maximum GPD/Days Per Year Reactor building floor drain sump 2000/365 (1) 2000/365 (2) Radwaste floor drains 1000/365 (1) 1000/365 (2) Turbine building floor drains 2000/365 (1) 2000/365 (2)
III. Chemical Waste System (all figures are per unit) Source Normal GPD/Days Per Year Maximum GPD/Days Per Year Condensate demineralizer regenerants (no longer created) 1240/365 (3) 24800/2 (4) Radwaste demineralizer regenerants (no longer created) 1770/365 (3) 3540/365 (5)
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-6 (Sheet 3 of 3) TABLE 11.2-6 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 IV. Laundry waste Source Normal GPD/Days Per Year Maximum GPD/Days Per Year _________________ 800/365 (6) 4000/30 (6) Notes: (1) Draft ALARA Regulatory Guides (2) GESSAR
(3) Subsection 11.2.3.2 (4) Subsection 11.2.1.7.4 (5) Estimate. In comparison to the design base flow of the condensate demineralizer regenerants (80,000 gpd), this assumption does not affect equipment sizing.
(6) Estimate based on operating experience.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-7 TABLE 11.2-7 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 DESIGN-BASIS PROCESS DECONTAMINATION FACTORS EQUIPMENT DESIGN DECONTAMINATION FACTOR Cation: 10 2 (except Cs, Rb, Mo, Tc)
- Anion: 10 2 Cs, Rb: 10 Waste mixed-bed demineralizers
Insolubles:
- 2 Insolubles: 10 Filters Solubles: 1.03 Halogens: 10 3 Evaporators (abandoned-in-place)
Other nuclides: 10 4 Reverse osmosis (abandoned-in-place) 30
- A plateout removal factor of 10 for Mo, Tc taken in each stream.
** Table 4-2, "Releases from BWR Radwaste Management Systems" R. A. Head, C. W. Miller, J. E. Oesterle, NEDO-10951, July 1973.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.2-8 TABLE 11.2-8 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 PRINCIPAL ASSUMPTIONS USED IN "MAXIMUM INDIVIDUAL" RADIOLOGICAL DOSE ASSESSMENT FOR RADIONUCLIDES RELEASED IN LIQUID EFFLUENTS I. Annual releases Table 11.2-1 II. Method, radiological data libraries used: Reference 1 (Section 11.2) III. Usage factors Reference 2 (Section 11.2) Drinking water Fish consumption Shoreline activity Swimming Boating 440 l/yr 1.2 kg/yr 15 hr/yr 6 hr/yr 29 hr/yr IV. Dilution flow (cooling lake blowdown) prior to discharge to unrestricted area 30,000 gpm (67 cfs) V. Hydrological Dispersion Factors Used Pathway Principal Assumption/Location Dilution Factor Fish Fish live in area discharge 1:1 Shoreline Activities Near vicinity of discharge canal (shoreline width factor = 0.2) 1:5 Swimming and Boating Near vicinity of discharge canal 1:5 Drinking Water Peoria, Illinois (first municipal water supply) Average river flow (10,750 cfs) 1:160 7-day, 10 year low flow (3228 cfs) (for reference only, not used in analysis)
(Illinois Nitrogen Corporation located 3300 feet downstream of the LSCS discharge but on the opposite bank of the river has been identified as using Illinois River for drinking water for its employees. Calculations indicate, though, that the LSCS discharge will not reach the Illinois Nitrogen Corporation water inlet under high or low river conditions.)
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-1 REV. 13 11.3 GASEOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 11.3.1 Design Bases 11.3.1.1 Design Objective
The gaseous waste management systems are designed to process and control the release of gaseous radioactive wastes to the site environs so that the total radiation exposure of persons in offsite areas is as low as reasonably achievable and does not exceed applicable guidelines. This is to be accomplished while maintaining the occupational exposure as low as reasonably achievable and without limiting plant operation or availability.
11.3.1.2 Design Criteria The gaseous waste management systems are designed to limit offsite doses from routine station releases to significantly le ss than the limits specified in 10 CFR 20, and to operate within the dose objectives established in 10 CFR 50, Appendix I. A noble gas input equivalent to an annual average off-gas rate (based on a 7-minute
decay) of 230,000 muCi/sec of the "1971 mixt ure" as shown in Table 11.3-1 was used as the design basis. A conser vative value of 80 scfm for off-gas flow has been used as a design basis. The design approach for the off-gas treatment includes delay until the required fraction of the radionuclides has decayed. The daughter products are then retained by the charcoal and HEPA filters.
A list of the major equipment items in the off-gas system and the design codes is provided in Table 11.3-2. Equipment and piping were designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable code requirements as listed. Welding and material requirements are also listed. Conservative analyses similar to that presented in Reference 1 demonstrate that equipment failure cannot result in dose s exceeding acceptable guidelines; thus, neither the off-gas system nor the buildings housing the equipment were designed to meet Seismic Category I requirements. The off-gas structure walls below grade are part of the total structural shear wall system and were designed to withstand the effects of earthquakes. The failure of the off-gas system is analyzed in Subsection 15.7.1. The related failure of the steam jet air ejector lines and the gland seal off-gas lines are analyzed in Subsections 15.7.1.2 and 15.7.1.3.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-2 REV. 13 11.3.2 System Descriptions 11.3.2.1 Off-Gas (RECHAR) System Noncondensible radioactive off-gas is continuously removed from the main condenser by the air ejector during plant operation. This is the major source and is larger than all other sources combined. The air ejector off-gas will normally contain activation gases, principally N-16, O-19, and N-13. The N-16 and O-19 have short half-lives and are readily decayed. The 10-minute N-13 is present in small amounts that are further reduced by decay. The air ejector off-ga s will also contain the radioactive noble gas precursors of biologically significant Sr-89, Sr-90, Ba-140, and Cs-137. The concentrat ion of these noble gases depends on the amount of tramp uranium in the coolant and on th e cladding surfaces (usually extremely small) and the number and size of fuel cladding leaks. An off-gas (RECHAR) system has been provided to treat this source; the system utilizes catalytic recombination and charcoal adsorption as discussed below. 11.3.2.1.1 Process Description The condenser off-gas (RECHAR) system, shown in Figure 11.3-1, will use a catalytic recombiner to recombine radiol ytically dissociated hydrogen and oxygen from the air ejector system. After coolin g (to approximately 130° F) to strip the condensables and reduce the volume, the remaining noncondensables (principally krypton, xenons, and air) are delayed in the holdup pipe. The gas is cooled to 45° F and reheated to 74° F for humidity control be fore reaching the adsorption bed. The charcoal adsorption bed, operating in a constant-temperature vault, selectively adsorbs and delays the xenons and kryptons from the bulk carrier gas (principally air). This delay on the charcoal permits the Xe and Kr to decay in place. This system results in a reduction of the off-gas activity (curie s) released by a factor of approximately 9 relative to a 7-minute holdup system and based on a "1971 mixture." Table 11.3-1 shows the estimate d annual release rates from the charcoal adsorbers of various isotopes of krypton and xenon compared to a system releasing 230,000 µCi/sec after a 7-minute delay. The adsorption of noble gases on charcoal depends primarily on gas flow rate, mass of charcoal, and gas-unique coefficien ts known as the dynamic adsorption coefficients. The parametric interrelati onships and governing equations are well proved from 7 years of operation of a similar unit at KRB in Germany. 11.3.2.1.1.1 Process Flow Diagram Figure 11.3-1 is the process flow diagram for the system. The process data for startup and normal operating conditions we re submitted as proprietary data under separate cover as Table 11.3-3 of the FSAR. The information supporting the process data is presented in References 2 and 3. Th e vent is the single release point for this LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-3 REV. 13 system and is located on the auxiliary building. The vent is indicated on Figure 11.3-1. 11.3.2.1.1.2 Noble Gas Radionuclide Source Term and Decay The design basis isotopic source terms for the annual average activity input of the main condenser off-gas treatme nt system are given in Tabl e 11.3-1 at t = 7 minutes. The system is mechanically capable of processing three times the source terms of Table 11.3-1 without affecting delay time of the noble gases. Also listed is the isotopic distribution at t = 0. With an air inleakage of 80 scfm, this treatment system results in a delay of 2.9 hours fo r krypton and 2.2 days for xenon. Table 11.3-1 lists isotopic activities at the discharge of the system, and the decontamination factor for each noble gas isotope can be determined.
11.3.2.1.1.3 Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) The P&ID is submitted as proprietary data under separate cover. The main process routing is indicated by a heavy line. 11.3.2.1.1.4 Recombiner The basis for sizing the recombiner is to maintain the hydrogen concentration below 4% (including steam) at the inlet and below 4% at the outlet on a dry basis. The exit hydrogen concentration is normally well below the 4% maximum allowed. The hydrogen generation rate of the reactor is based on data from nine BWR's. The hydrogen generation rate is given in the data referenced in Subs ection 11.3.2.1.1.1. Recombiner performance is continuously monitored and recorded by catalyst bed thermocouples that monitor the bed temperature profile and by a hydrogen analyzer that measures the hydrogen concentration of the effluent. 11.3.2.1.1.5 Charcoal Adsorbers 11.3.2.1.1.5.1 Charcoal and Charcoal Vault Temperature
The charcoal adsorbers operate at room temperature essentially so that on system shutdown, radioactive gases in the adsorbers are subject to the same holdup time as during normal operation, even in the presence of continued airflow. The charcoal adsorbers are designed to limit the temperature of the charcoal (normally to about 77° F) to well below the charcoal ignition temperature, thus precluding overheating or fire and consequent escape of radioactive materials. The adsorbers are located in a shielded room and are normally maintained at a constant temperature by one of two air conditioning systems that remove the decay heat generated in the adsorbers. A full capacity air conditioning unit is provided as a spare and can be activated from the main control room following an alarm indicating failure of the normally operating unit. In the unlikely event that both air conditioning units are LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-4 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 unable to function, the radioactive emissions from the off-gas system would increase slightly; however, the releases would still be well below acceptable limits. Radiation monitoring is provided in the charcoal adsorber vault to monitor the radiation levels in the room. High radiation in the vault, indicating off-gas system leakage or component failure, is alarmed in the control room for operator action, as required. 11.3.2.1.1.5.2 Gas Channeling in the Charcoal Adsorber Channeling in the charcoal adsorbers is prevented by supplying an effective flow distributor on the inlet, having long columns, and having a high bed-to-particle diameter ratio (approximately 500). Unde rhill has stated that channeling or wall effects may reduce efficiency of the holdup bed if this ratio is not greater than 12 (Reference 2). During transf er of the charcoal into th e charcoal adsorber vessels, radial sizing of the charcoal is minimized by pouring the charcoal (by gravity or pneumatically) over a cone or other instru ment to spread the granules over the surface. 11.3.2.1.1.5.3 Charcoal Bypass Mode A valve is provided to bypass the charcoal adsorbers. The main purpose of this bypass is to protect the charcoal during preoperation and startup testing when gas activity is zero or very low. It may be desirable to use the bypass for short periods during startup or normal operations. This bypass mode is not used for normal operations unless some unforeseen system malfunction necessitates shutting down the power plant or operating in the bypass mode while remaining within the technical specification limits. During of f-gas system operation in the AUTO mode, the activity release is controlled by the off-gas posttreatment process radiation monitor upstream of the vent isolation valve that causes the bypass valve to close on a high radiation alarm in both channels of the posttreatment monitor. This alarm can be defeated only by a keylock switch. The alarm setting is covered in Subsection 7.7.14.1. In addition, there is a high-high-high alarm on the same monitor that causes the off-gas system to be isolated from the station vent stack if established release limits are exceeded. 11.3.2.1.1.5.4 Charcoal Performance The ability of the charcoal to delay the noble gases can be evaluated by comparing activity measured and recorded by the process activity monitors at the exit of the off-gas condenser and at the exit of the charcoal adsorbers. Experience with boiling water reactors has shown that the calibration correction factor of the off-gas and vent effluent monitors changes with isotopic content. Isotopic content can change depending on the presence or absence of fuel cladding leaks in the reactor, the nature of the leak s, and the holdup time prior to release. LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-5 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 Because of these variations, the monitors are periodically calibrated against grab samples. Grab sample points are located upstream and downstream of the first charcoal bed and downstream of the last charcoal bed and can be used for periodic sampling if the monitoring equipment indicates degradation of system delay performance. 11.3.2.1.1.6 HEPA Prefilter These particulate filters are tested at the time of filter installation or replacement to determine whether an installed filter meets the minimum initial in-place efficiency of 99.95% retention. 11.3.2.1.1.7 Desiccant Gas Desiccant gas dryer performance is not monitored. 11.3.2.1.1.8 HEPA Afterfilter On installation, when replaced, and at periodic intervals during operation, these particulate filters are tested usin g a DOP smoke test or equivalent. 11.3.2.1.1.9 Instrumentation and Control The off-gas system is normally monitored by flow, temperature, pressure, and by hydrogen analyzers to ensure correct op eration and control and to ensure that hydrogen concentration is maintained belo w the flammable limit. Table 11.3-3 lists the process parameters that are instrumented to alarm in the main control room. It also indicates whether the parameters are recorded or just indicated. A radiation monitor placed after the off-gas condenser continuously monitors radioactivity release from the reactor an d therefore continuously monitors the degree of fuel leakage and input to the charcoal adsorbers. This radiation monitor is used to provide an alarm on high radiation in the off-gas. A radiation monitor is also provided at the outlet of the ch arcoal adsorbers to continuously monitor the release rate from the adsorber beds. This off-gas posttreatment radiation monitor is used to isolate the off-gas system on high radioactivity to prevent treated gas of unacceptably high activity from entering the station vent stack. Therefore, the activity of the gas entering and leaving the off-gas system is continuously monitored, and system performance is known to the operator at all times. Provision is made for sampling and periodic analysis of the influent and effluent gases for purposes of determining their compositions. This information is used in calibrating the mo nitors and in relating the release to calculated environs dose. Off-gas system process radiation instrumentation is further discussed in Section 11.5.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-6 REV. 18, APRIL 2010 The catalytic recombiner vessel temperatures are monitored by thermocouples and then recorded. High or low temperature is annunciated in the main control room. The standby recombiner is temperature-controlled, maintained, monitored, and recorded. Any low temperature is annunciated in the main control room. Inlet process gas is monitored for temperature, and if low temperatures are obtained, they are annunciated in the main control room.
The off-gas condenser condensate level is maintained at a given level within the condenser shell. A level control system is used to provide drainage of condensate from the condenser shell. High and low level and high gas discharge temperature are annunciated locally (see Table 11.3-3). Differential pressure measurements are made across the prefilters, the charcoal vessel train, and the afterfilters. High differential pressure is annunciated in the control room. Hydrogen analyzers are used to measure the hydrogen content of the off-gas process stream. The hydrogen concentration pe rcentage output from each analyzer is indicated and recorded in the main contro l room along with alarm annunciation for high hydrogen concentration percenta ge in the off-gas process stream. The hydrogen analyzer system continuously withdraws a sample of the process off-gas, analyzes the hydrogen content, and returns the sample gas to the main condenser. During normal plant operation, the main turbine condenser vacuum provides the pumping force to move the sample gas from the off-gas process line and through the hydrogen analyzer system. A hydrogen level of 1.5% will alarm and annunciate in the main control room.
Off-gas system flow measurements are made just downstream of the charcoal adsorbers. Startup range high flow is recorded in the main control room and annunciated locally. A startup range high flow of 265 scfm will alarm and annunciate in the main control room. A normal range high flow of 80 scfm or low flow of 6 scfm will alar m and annunciate in the main control room. The flow recorder is provided to keep a record of all discharge volumes. The flow measurements and recording accuracies are within 5% of indication for the flows measured. 11.3.2.1.1.10 Explosion Resistance 11.3.2.1.1.10.1 Pressure Boundary
The pressure boundary of the system is de signed to be explosion-resistant. The pressure vessels are designed to withstan d 350 psig static pressure, and the piping and valving are designed to resist dynami c pressures encountered in long runs of LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-7 REV. 13 piping at the design temperature. This analysis is covered in a proprietary report submitted to the NRC (Reference 4). An equivalent detonation-containing static pressure is then derived for which the component can be rated, based upon the wall thickness calculated by the above procedure.
11.3.2.1.1.11 Leakage of Radioactive Gases Leakage of radioactive gases from the system is limited by welding piping connections where possible and using bellows stem seals or equivalent valving. The system operates at a maximum of 7 psig du ring startup and less than 2 psig during normal operation so that the differential pressure to cause leakage is small. 11.3.2.1.1.12 Hydrogen Concentration Hydrogen concentration of gases from the air ejector is kept below the flammable limit by maintaining adequate process steam flow for dilution at all times. This steam flow rate is monitored and alarmed. Hydrogen analyzers are used to ensure that hydrogen concentration is maintained below the flammable limit. 11.3.2.1.1.13 Drain Seals Drains from the off-gas system which do not discharge to the main condenser utilize liquid seals to prevent the escape of radioa ctive gases from the system. Loop seals are provided where possible. However, most of the off-gas drains are piped to the off-gas pressure drain tank. This tank provides a pressure balanced liquid seal to prevent gas leakage. Drainage from the off-gas system is pumped from the off-gas pressure drain tank to the liquid radwaste system. Drain pumps are automatically started by a high level signal from the pressure drain tank. 11.3.2.1.1.14 Process Design Parameters The krypton and xenon holdup times are closely approximated by the following equation: (11.3-1) where: T = holdup time of a given gas, K D = dynamic adsorption coefficient for the given gas, V M D K T= LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-8 REV. 13 M = weight of charcoal, and V = flow rate of the carrier gas in consistent units. Dynamic absorption coefficient values fo r xenon and krypton were reported by Browning (Reference 5). General Electric (GE) has performed pilot plant tests at their Vallecitos Laboratory, and the resu lts were reported at the 12th AEC Air Cleaning Conference (Reference 6). Further GE data on a similar system operating at ambient temperatures have been reported in the GE proprietary topical report, "Experimental and Operational Confir mation of Off-Gas System Design Parameters" (Reference 3); nonproprietary portions of this information are reported in Reference 2.
Carrier gas is the air inleakage from the main condenser after the radiolytic hydrogen and oxygen are removed by the recombiner. The air inleakage design basis is conservatively sized at 80 scfm total. The Sixth Edition of the Heat Exchange Institute Standards for Steam Surf ace Condensers (Reference 7, Par. 5-16 (c)(2)) indicates that with certain cond itions of stable op eration and suitable construction, noncondensables (not including radiological decomposition products)
should not exceed 6 scfm for large condensers. Dresden-2, Fukushima-1, Tsuruga, and KRB have all operated at 6 scfm or below after initial startup (Table 6 of Reference 8). Dilution air is added to the system to maintain off-gas flow, if condenser inleakage is too low. The system is mechanically capable of processing 3 times the source term quantities of Table 11.3-1 without affecting delay time of the noble gases. With an air inleakage of 80 scfm, this treatment syst em results in a delay of 2.9 hours for krypton and 2.2 days for xenon. Hydrogen concentration of gases from the air ejector is kept below the flammable limit by maintaining adequate process steam flow for dilution at all times. This steam flow is monitored and alarmed in the main control room. The basis for sizing the catalytic recombiner is to maintain the hydrogen concentration below 4% (including steam) at the inlet using the dilu tion flow, and below 4% at the outlet on a dry basis. The exit hydrogen concentration is normally well below the 1% maximum allowed. Figure 11.3-1 is the flow diagram for the system. The process data for startup and normal operating conditions and the piping and instrument diagram are submitted as proprietary information under separate cover.
11.3.2.1.1.15 System Design The system design was based on a noble gas activity release to the environs of about 25,000 µCi/sec from the system, based upon 80 scfm air inleakage and an input of LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-9 REV. 13 230,000 µCi of 7-minute- old "1971 Mixture." Th e isotopic composition is given in Table 11.3-1 in units of µCi/sec and Ci/yr. Iodine input into the off-gas system is small by virtue of its retention in reactor water and condensate. The iodine remainin g is essentially removed by adsorption in the charcoal. This is supported by the fact that charcoal filters normally remove 99.9% of the iodine in 2 inches of charcoal, whereas this system has approximately 76 feet of charcoal in the flow path.
Particulates are removed with a 99.95% efficiency by a HEPA filt er as gas exits the holdup pipe. The noble gas decays within the intricacies of the activated charcoal, and daughters are entrapped there. The cha rcoal serves as an excellent filter for other particulates and essentially no part iculates exit from the charcoal. The charcoal is followed with a HEPA filter which is a safeguard against escape of charcoal dust. Particulate activity discharged from this system is essentially zero. 11.3.2.1.1.16 Design Basis Inventories of Radionuclides The isotopic inventory of each piece of equipment is given in Chapter 15.0. 11.3.2.1.1.17 Single Failure and Operator Errors
Design provisions are incorporated to preclude the uncontrolled release of radioactive materials in the gaseous effluent
- s. A single-failure an alysis is included in Table 11.3-4.
11.3.2.1.1.18 Typical Operating Sequences 11.3.2.1.1.18.1 Pres tartup Preparations Prior to starting the main steam jet air ejectors (SJAE), the charcoal vault is temperature-controlled to near 77° F, the glycol cooler is chilled to near 35° F, glycol is circulated through the cooler condenser, the off-gas condenser cooling water is valved in, and the recombin er heaters are turned on. 11.3.2.1.1.18.2 Startup As the reactor is pressurized, preheated steam is supplied and air is bled through the preheater and recombiner. The recombiner is preheated to at least 225° F with the air bleed and/or by admitting steam to the final SJAE. With the recombiners preheated and the charcoal adsorbers valved in, the SJAE string is started. As the condenser is pumped down and the reactor power increases, the recombiner inlet stream is diluted to less than 4% H 2 by volume by a fixed steam supply, and the off-gas condenser outlet is maintained at less than 1% hydrogen by volume.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-10 REV. 13 11.3.2.1.1.18.3 Normal Operation After startup, the noncondensibles pumped by the SJAE will stabilize. Recombiner performance is closely followed by the recorded temperature profile in the recombiner catalyst bed. The hydrogen effluent concentration is measured by a hydrogen analyzer.
Normal operation is terminated following a normal reactor shutdown or a scram by terminating steam to the SJAE's and the preheater. 11.3.2.1.1.19 Performance Tests 11.3.2.1.1.19.1 Main Condenser Steam Jet Air Ejector Off-Gas (RECHAR) System This system is used on a routine basis and does not require specific testing to assure operability. Monitoring equipment is ca librated and maintained on a specific schedule and on indication of malfunction. 11.3.2.1.1.19.2 Recombiner
Recombiner performance is continuously monitored and recorded by catalyst bed thermocouples that monitor the bed temperature profile and by a hydrogen analyzer that measures the hydrogen concentration of the effluent. 11.3.2.1.1.20 Operator Expo sure Criteria and Controls This system is normally operated from the main control room. Equipment and process valves containing radioactive fluids are placed in shielded cells maintained at a pressure negative to normally occupied areas. 11.3.2.1.1.21 Equipment Malfunction A malfunction analysis, indicating conseq uences and design precautions taken to accommodate failure of various components of the system, is given in Table 11.3-4. 11.3.2.1.1.22 Equivalent Service Experience A system with similar equipment is in service at the KRB plant in Germany. Its performance is reviewed in Supplement 1 to Reference 8. Similar systems (ambient temperature charcoal) are in service at Dresden-2 and -3, Quad Cities-1 and -2, Pilgrim, Hatch-1, and Duane Arnold. Non-proprietary portions of Reference 8 are reported in Reference 3.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-11 REV. 13 11.3.2.2 Other Radioactive Gas Sources There are three general areas that cont ain gaseous radioactive sources: the primary containment, the secondary containment, and the radwaste building. Ventilation systems for these areas are described in Section 9.4.
11.3.2.2.1 Prim ary Containment The primary containment is divided into two sections which are designated as the drywell and wetwell. These are separated by the drywell floor which serves as a pressure barrier between the drywell and wetwell (suppression chamber). The drywell atmosphere is exposed to a small neutron flux which penetrates the reactor vessel. This results in the production of a small amount of N-16. Since N-16 has a very short half-life (7.13 seconds), it will decay before anyone can be exposed to it and is, therefore, not a contributing source. Radioactive halogens and noble gases can be introduced into the drywell atmosphere from two sources. One source is the steam leakage that occurs from valves and equipment such as main recirc ulation pumps. This leakage is collected by means of leakoff lines which are directed to the drywell equipment drain sump. The other source of activity results from a pressure transient causing the main steam relief valves to open, with the resu lting flow of steam into the suppression pool. When this occurs, there is a small pressure buildup in the wetwell atmosphere. If the pressure differential across the drywell floor is greater than 0.5 psi, then the vacuum breaker valves relieve this pressure into the drywell atmosphere. Any elements that are present in the wetwell atmosphere are thus introduced into the drywell. The drywell atmosphere is purged or transported to the outside atmosphere via the station vent stack. When drywell access is required for a typical entry into the containment, this atmosphere is purged through the drywell purge and vent system. This purge and vent system is described in Section 9.4. 11.3.3 Radioactive Releases
A single station vent stack has been built at LSCS to ensure that radioactive gaseous effluents and most plant ventilati on air is exhausted and dispersed in a manner that minimizes effluent concentratio ns. The effluent streams from typical radioactive sources are all treated prior to entry into the station vent stack. For instance, a multiple redundant off-gas system collects, treats, and filters the normal gaseous products from the main steam condenser. A standby gas treatment system with dual filter trains is provided for th e treatment of airborne contaminants in the secondary containment as a result of accide nt conditions. It is interconnected to accept effluent from either reactor building and exhaust it through the station vent stack. In parallel with this dual SGTS is a pair of primary containment purge and vent filter packages to clean up the drywell atmosphere prior to workers' entry for maintenance and service. It also purges the gaseous volume above the suppression LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-12 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 pools. Similarly, these dual filter trains are interconnected to serve either reactor unit and to exhaust through the station vent stack. Each reactor building ventilation system serves the refueling floor, the interconnected main steam tunnel, and the reactor building. Each ventilation system has a capacity of 110,800 scfm which undergoes industrial filtration prior to exhausting through the station vent stack. Multiple supply fans and exhaust fans are used with interlocking dampers and isolation controls to isolate the reactor building as needed. The turbine building ventilation system exha ust fans serves each turbine unit with a capacity of 210,000 scfm. Th is effluent also exhausts through the same station vent stack. The radwaste building ventilation system is HEPA filtered and monitored for radiation prior to its discharge into the station vent stack. Additionally, the station vent stack employs an isokinetic probe to assure precise effluent monitoring. When stack threshold values are reached, an alarm occurs which alerts operating personnel that if the increase continues, the possibility of exceeding 10 CFR 20 limits exists. Minor ventilation systems from the machin e shop and the laundry areas are also ducted to the station vent stack. The station vent stack has a physical elevatio n of 370 feet above plant grade. It is mounted on top of the auxiliary building. It also extends approximately 185 feet above the reactor building structure and was sized to eliminate building wake effects on effluent dispersal into the atmosphere. Exhaust velocities for normal operating conditions preclude deleterious wind interactions with the emergent plume for all except the most severe postulated winds. The standby gas treatment stack within the station vent stack assures plume rise above physical stack height for the postaccident effluent treatment situation. Stack diameters are shown on
Figure 11.3-2 along with other gaseous effluent data and treatment equipment. Releases from the station vent stack are co nsidered to be elevated releases at all times for annual average estimates of down stream atmospheric dispersion because the stack exit velocity exceeds the horizontal wind speed by a fact or of five or more on the annual average basis. A summary of typical LSCS atmo spheric dispersion factors and deposition factor s is shown in Table 11.3-5. 11.3.3.1 Expected Releases Expected releases of radioactive fission products including noble gases, halogens, and other specific isotopes were computed via assumptions outlined for the Appendix I tabulation of 10 CFR 50. Dose assessments were a ll within Appendix I guidelines for gaseous effluents as well as for all other effluents. These calculated LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-13 REV. 13 values and other effluent concentrations compared to Table II, Volume 1 of 10 CFR 20 provide analytical validations that radioactive releases are all within applicable guidelines even though extremely cons ervative assumptions are arbitrarily assigned for transport, release, dispersion, and intake parameters (Reference 9). A practical representation of the expected releases of radioactive gaseous effluents exists as a summary report of all availabl e release data from operating BWR plants of similar design but earlier vintage. The most recent compilation of such release data covering the years 1972 to 1975 included more than 16 plant-years of commercial operation. These measurements were accumulated by utility, federal, commercial, and industrial groups including the Atomic Energy Commission. Annual average release values were determined from statistical evaluations of thousands of individual measurements from sixteen domestic BWR stations as reported in Reference 10. The gaseous effluent treatment equipment in these plants is conceptually similar to that of LSCS; however, the LSCS systems include unique improvements in effluent conditioning and in their single point of release via the station vent stack. 11.3.3.2 Reported Releases The annual release of inorganic iodine-131 is 0.093 curies per plan t per year. This inorganic I-131 includes particulate matter, elemental I 2 , and hypoiodous acid. The majority of the I-131 is released from the reactor building/containment structure with the principle form defined as methyl iodide (0.37 curies per plant per year) released during operation of the mechanical vacuum pump while refueling/maintenance outages exist. A pproximately 80% of the total I-131 annual release occurs under this outage conditio
- n. See Table 11.3-6 for experience based annual estimated airborne releases of iodine
-131. It is expected that LSCS gaseous effluence releases will be of this same magnitude. The annual release of noble radiogases is ex pected to be 6500 curies per plant. See Table 11.3-7 for the identity and quantity of each radioisotope expected to be released from an LSCS type plant per year. Noble radiogases contribute negligible offsite doses in comparison to normal background levels. For LSCS, it is expected that noble radiogas release will be of this same magnitude. 11.3.4 References
- 1. C. W. Miller et al., "A General Justification for Classification of Effluent Treatment System Equi pment as Group D," NEDO-10734, February 1973.
- 2. D. Underhill et al., "Design of Fission Gas Holdup Systems," Proceedings of the 11th AEC Air Cl eaning Conference, 1970, p. 217.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.3-14 REV. 13
- 3. C. W. Miller, "Experimental and Operational Confirmation of Off-Gas System Design Parameters," NEDO-20116, October, 1973.
- 4. L. B. Nesbitt, "Design Basi s for New Gas Syst ems," NEDE- 11146, July 1971 (Proprietary).
- 5. W. E. Browning et al., "Removal of Fission Product Gases from Reactor Off-Gas Streams by Adsorption," (ORNL) CF59-6-47, June 11, 1959.
- 6. D. P. Siegwarth, "Measurement of Dynamic Adsorption Coefficients for Noble Gases on Activated Carbon," 12th AEC Air Cleaning Conference.
- 7. Standards for Steam Surface Condensers , Sixth Edition, Heat Exchange Institute, New York, N.Y., 1970.
- 8. C. W. Miller, "Experimental and Operational Confirmation of Off-Gas System Design Parameters," NEDO-10751, January 1973 (Proprietary).
- 9. "Information Relevant to Keeping Levels of Radioactivity in Effluents to Unrestricted Areas As Low As Reasonably Achievable," (filed in accordance with Section V.B. of 10 CFR 50, Appendix I), LaSalle County Station, Units 1 and 2, June 4, 1976.
- 10. T. R. Marrero, "Airborne Released from BWR's for Environmental Impact Evaluations," NEDO-21159, March 1976.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-1 TABLE 11.3-1 REV. 8 - APRIL 1992 ESTIMATED RELEASE RATES FROM OFF-GAS SYSTEM CHARCOAL BEDS (PER UNIT)
Isotope Release Rate from Reactor 1 (µCi/sec) Discharge Rate from Holdup Line 5 (µCi/sec) Discharge Rate from Charcoal Adsorbers 2 (µCi/sec) Annual Discharge from Charcoal Adsorbers 3 (Ci/yr) Kr-83m 3.4E+03 3.3E+03 1.1E+03 3.0E+04 Kr-85m 6.1E+03 6.0E+03 3.8E+03 1.0E+05 Kr-85 10 - 20 10 - 20 10 - 20 270 - 540 Kr-87 2.0E+04 1.9E+04 3.8E+03 1.0E+05 Kr-88 2.0E+04 1.9E+04 9.5E+03 2.5E+05 Kr-89 1.3E+05 2.9E+04 - - Kr-90 2.8E+05 3.7E+01 - - Kr-91 3.3E+05 - - - Kr-92 3.3E+05 - - - Kr-93 9.3E+04 - - - Kr-94 2.3E+04 - - - Kr-95 2.1E+03 - - - Kr-97 1.4E+01 - - - Xe-131m 1.5E+01 1.5E+01 1.3E+01 3.5E+02 Xe-133m 2.9E+02 2.9E+02 1.5E+02 4.0E+03 Xe-133 8.2E+03 8.2E+03 6.1E+03 1.6E+05 Xe-135m 2.6E+04 1.9E+04 - - Xe-135 2.2E+04 2.2E+04 4.0E+02 1.1E+04 Xe-137 1.5E+05 4.3E+04 - - Xe-138 8.9E+04 6.3E+04 - - Xe-139 2.8E+05 2.1E+02 - - Xe-140 3.0E+05 - - - Xe-141 2.4E+05 - - - Xe-142 7.3E+04 - - - Xe-143 1.2E+04 - - - Xe-144 5.6E+02 - - - Total 2.4E+06 2.3E+05 2.5E+04 6.7E+05
NOTES: 1. 1971 mixture with no decay (see UFSAR Table 11.1-1).
- 2. Condenser air inleakage rate = 80 scfm. 3. Plant Capacity Factor = 0.85.
- 4. 10 to 20
µCi/sec Kr-85 estimated from experimental observations. 5. Holdup time approximately 7 minutes. LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-2 (Sheet 1 of 2) TABLE 11.3-2 REV. 8 - APRIL 1992 OFF-GAS SYSTEM MAJOR EQUIPMENT ITEMS
- Off-Gas Preheaters - Two Construction: Stainless steel tubes and carbon steel shell. 350 psig shell design pressure, 1,000 psig tube design pressure. 400°F shell design temperature, 575°F tube design temperature.
Catalytic Recombiners - Two Construction: Stainless steel cartridge, Cr-Mo steel shell. Catalyst cartridge containing a precious metal catalyst on nichrome strips. Catalyst cartridge to be replaceable without removing vessel. 350 psig design pressure. 900°F design temperature.
Off-Gas Condenser - Two Construction: Cr-Mo steel shell. Stainless steel tubes. 350 psig shell design pressure. 250 psig tube design pressure. 900°F design temperature. Water Separator - Two Construction: Carbon steel shell, stainless steel wire mesh. 350 psig design pressure. 250°F design temperature. Holdup Piping Construction: Carbon steel. Radiographed, buried, with the outside wrapped and coated for corrosion protection. Ends and elbows reinforced to 1,000 psig design pressure. 150°F design temperature. Cooler-Condenser - Two Construction: Stainless steel shell. Stainless steel tubes. 100 psig tube design pressure. 350° psig shell design pressure. 150°F tube design temperature. 150°F shell design temperature. Moisture Separators (Downstream of cooler-condenser) - Two Construction: Carbon steel shell, stainless steel wire mesh. 350 psig design pressure. 150°F design temperature. Off-Gas Reheater - One Construction: Carbon steel pipe. Electrical resistance heaters on outside of pipe.
- Design codes and standards are provided in Chapter 3.0, Table 3.2-1.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-2 (Sheet 2 of 2) TABLE 11.3-2 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 Glycol Tank - One Construction: Carbon steel. 3000 gal. Water-filled hydrostatic design pressure. O° F design temperature. Glycol Refrigeration Machines and Motor Drives - Two Construction: Conventional refrigeration units. Glycol exit solution temperature 35° F. Glycol Pumps and Motor Drives - Two Construction: Carbon steel, 1-1/2-inch suction x 3-inch discharge connections, 85-ft total head, 0° F design temperature. Prefilters and After Filters - Two of each type
Construction: Carbon steel shell. HEPA, moisture-resistant filter element. Flanged shell. 350 psig design pressure. 130° F design temperature. Carbon Bed Adsorbers - 8 beds
Construction: Carbon steel. 4 feet ID x 21 feet vessels each with a 16-foot packed section containing ~3 tons of 8-14 mesh carbon, Co lumbia G or equivalent. Design pressure 350 psig Design temperature 130° F. Off-Gas Pressurized Drain Tank - One Construction: Carbon steel. 300 gallon capacity, 350 psig design pressure, 140° F design temperature. Steam Jet Air Ejectors - Two Construction: Carbon steel shell. Stainless steel tubes. Shell side design pressure: 250 psig. Ejector side design pressure: 1050 psig. Final discharge pressure: 6 psig. Temperature 228°F LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-3 TABLE 11.3-3 REV. 3 - APRIL 1987 OFF-GAS SYSTEM PROCESS INSTRUMENT ALARMS MAIN CONTROL ROOM PARAMETER INDICATED ONLY RECORDED Preheater discharge temperature - low X X Recombiner catalyst temperature - high/low X Off-gas condenser drain well (dual) level - high/low X (Local) Off-gas condenser gas discharge temperature - high X (Local) H 2 analyzer (off-gas condenser discharge) - (dual) - high X Refrigeration machine inoperable X Off-gas condenser discharge radiation - high X Normal gas flow (off-gas condenser discharge) - high/low X Startup gas flow (off-gas condenser discharge) - high X Cooler-condenser discharge temperature high/low X Glycol solution temperature - high/low X Glycol level - low X Charcoal bed temperature - high X Charcoal vault temperature - high/low X Prefilter differential pressure - high X After filter differential pressure - high X Off-gas (carbon bed discharge) radiation high X X Charcoal Vault Radiation - high X Off-gas pressure drain tank levels X Instrumentation elements: Temperature- thermocouple Level - differential pressure diaphragm LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-4 (Sheet 1 of 4) TABLE 11.3-4 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 OFF-GAS SYSTEM EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTION ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT ITEM MALFUNCTION CONSEQUENCES DESIGN PRECAUTIONS Preheaters Steam leak Would further dilute process off-gas. Steam consumption would increase. Spare preheater. Low pressure steam supply Recombiner performance would fall off at low power level, and hydrogen content of recombiner gas discharge would increase, eventually to a combustible mixture. Low-temperature alarms on preheater exit and recombiner inlet. Recombiner H 2 analyzer. Recombiners Catalyst gradually deactivates Temperature profile changes through catalyst. Eventually excess H 2 would be detected by H 2 analyzer or by gas flowmeter. Eventually the gas could become combustible. Temperature probes in recombiner and H 2 analyzer provided. Spare recombiner. Catalyst gets wet at start H 2 conversion falls off and H 2 is detected by downstream analyzers. Eventually the gas could become combustible. Condensate drains, temperature probes in recombiner. Air bleed system at startup. Recombiner thermal blanket, spare recombiner, and heater. Hydrogen
analyzer. Off-gas condenser Cooling water leak The coolant (reactor condensate) would leak to the process gas (shell) side. This would be detected if drain well liquid level increases. Moderate leakage would be of no concern from a process stand point. (The process condensate drains to the hotwell.) Spare condenser provided.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-4 (Sheet 2 of 4) TABLE 11.3-4 REV. 8 - APRIL 1992 EQUIPMENT ITEM MALFUNCTION CONSEQUENCES DESIGN PRECAUTIONS Drain well Liquid level instruments fail If both drain valves fail to open, water will build up in the condenser and pressure drop will increase. Two separate drain systems, each, provided with high- and low-level alarms. The high P, if not detected by instrumentation, could cause pressure buildup in the main condenser and eventually
initiate a reactor scram. If a drain valve fails to close, gas will recycle to the main condenser, increase the load on the SJAE, and cause back pressure on the main condenser, eventually causing a reactor scram. Water separator Corrosion of wire mesh element Higher quantity of water collected in 30-minute holdup line and routed to radwaste. Stainless steel me sh specified. Holdup line Corrosion of line Leakage to soil of gaseous and liquid fission products. Outside of pipe dipped and wrapped. Cooler-condensers Corrosion of finned tube Glycol-water solution would leak into process (shell) side and be discharged to clean radwaste. If not detected at radwaste, the glycol solution would discharge to the reactor condensate system. Stainless-steel-finned tubes specified. The inventory of glycol-water can be observed in tank. A002 - spare cooler provided.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-4 (Sheet 3 of 4) TABLE 11.3-4 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 EQUIPMENT ITEM MALFUNCTION CONSEQUENCES DESIGN PRECAUTIONS Icing up of finned tube Shell side of cooler could plug up with ice, gradually building up pressure drop. If this happens the spare unit could be activated. Complete blockage of both units would increase P and lead to a reactor scram. Design glycol-H 2 O solution temperature of 35° to 40°F. Spare unit provided. Redundant temperature indication and alarm systems. Moisture Separators Corrosion of wire mesh element Increased moisture would be retained in process gas routed to charcoal adsorbers. Over a long period, the charcoal performance would deteriorate as a result of moisture pickup. Stainless steel me sh specified. Spare unit provided. Prefilters Holes in filter media More radioactivity would deposit on the charcoal in the first adsorber vessel of the train. This would increase the radiation level in the charcoal vault and make maintenance more difficult. P instrumentation provided. Spare unit provided. Charcoal adsorbers Charcoal gets wet Charcoal performance will deteriorate gradually as charcoal gets wet. Holdup times for krypton and xenon will decrease, and plant emissions will increase. Highly instrumented mechanically simple gas dehumidification system with redundant equipment. Vault air conditioning units Mechanical failure If ambient temperature exceeds approximately 80°F, increased emission could occur. Spare air conditioning unit provided.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-4 (Sheet 4 of 4) TABLE 11.3-4 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 EQUIPMENT ITEM MALFUNCTION CONSEQUENCES DESIGN PRECAUTIONS If ambient temperature is below approximately 60° F, charcoal could pick up additional moisture. Vault temperature alarms provided. After filters Hole in filter media Probably of no real consequence. The charcoal media itself should be a good filter at the low air velocity. P instrumentation provided. Spare unit provided. Glycol refrigeration machines Mechanical failure If spare unit fails to operate, the glycol solution temperature will rise and the dehumidification system performance will deteriorate. This will cause gradual buildup of moisture on the charcoal, with increased
plant emissions. Spare refrigerator provided. Glycol solution temperature alarms provided. Steam jet air ejectors Low flow of motive high-pressure steam When the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations exceed 4 and 5 volume percent, respectively, the process gas becomes flammable. Alarms provided on steam for low steam flow and low steam pressure. Inadequate steam flow will cause overheating and deterioration of the catalyst. Steam flow to be held at constant maximum flow regardless of plant power level. Wear of steam supply nozzle of ejector Increased steam flow to recombiner. This could reduce degree of recombination at low power levels.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-5 TABLE 11.3-5 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984
SUMMARY
OF ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION FACTORS
- AND DEPOSITION VALUES
- FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS
- LOCATION /Q (sec/m 3) D/Q (1/m 2) Nearest milk cow (5.00 mi E) 1.7E-08 1.6E-10 Nearest meat animal (0.80 mi SW) 1.4E-08 5.0E-10 Nearest residence
(0.60 mi S) 7.5E-09 3.7E-10 Nearest vegetable garden
(0.90 mi WSW) 1.2E-08 4.9E-10 Nearest site boundary
(0. 31 mi W) 5.7E-09 4.8E-10
- Using one year of meteorological data obtained at LSCS site.
- Calculated using the methodology of Regulatory Guide 1.111, "Methods of Estimating Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion of Gaseous Effluents in Routine Releases from Light-Water Cooled Reactors, " Revision 1, July 1977.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-6 TABLE 11.3-6 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 ESTIMATED ANNUAL AIRBORNE RELEASES OF IODINE-131 FROM BWR'S DURING POWER GENERATION AND REFUELING/ MAINTENANCE OUTAGE CURIES PER PLANT CHEMICAL FORM OF IODINE-131 INORGANIC ORGANIC (PARTICULATE + ELEMENTAL + HYPOIODOUS ACID) (CH3l) OPERATING PERIOD OPERATING PERIOD Plant Source Total Release (Inorganic) Power Generation Refueling + Outage Total Release (Organic) Reactor Building 0.0594 0.0083 + 0.0233 = 0.0316 Radwaste Building 0.0050 0.0146 + 0.0144 = 0.0290 Turbine Building 0.0156 0.0015 + 0.0048 = 0.0065 Gland Seal 0 0 - = 0 Mechanical Vacuum Pump 0.0085 - 0.2741 = 0.2741 0.093 0.37 Power Refueling Generation + Outage 0.0160 + 0.0434 = 0.0039 + 0.0011 =
0.0112 + 0.0044 = 0 - = - 0.0085 = Total* (Inorganic) = rate 0.0029µCi/s Total* (Organic) = rate 0.012µCi/s
- Total rounded to 2 significant figures.
- The gland seal steam release for LSCS is zero because of its separate steam on the gland seals.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.3-7 TABLE 11.3-7 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 MIXED NOBLE RADIOGAS NUCLIDES, CURIES/YEAR SOURCE NUCLIDE HALF-LIFE REACTOR TURBINE RADWASTE MVP TOTAL b Kr-89 3.2m 1 503 34 c ND 538 Xe-137 3.9m 78 386 113 c ND 577 Xe-138 14.2m 12 1179 2 ND 1193 Xe-135m 15.7m 111 464 667 ND 1242 Kr-87 76m 6 95 a ND 101 Kr-88 2.79h 9 102 a ND 111 Kr-85m 4.4h 6 2 a ND 8 Xe-135 9.16h 173 672 328 200 1373 Xe-133m 2.3d ND ND 60 ND 60 Xe-133 5.27d 103 581 294 300 1278 Total Annual Release 500 4000 1500 500 6500
a = Less than 1 curie/year. b = Excludes gland seal steam release because it is nonradioactive steam. c = These results are overestimates because such short-lived radioisotopes are not normally expected in the radwaste building; however, data have been reported for these species at one plant. ND = Not Detected.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-1 REV. 14, APRIL 2002 11.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 11.4.1 Design Bases The solid radwaste system has been designed to receive, dewater, solidify, package, handle, and provide temporary storage facilities for all radioactive wet solid wastes generated by Units 1 and 2 prior to offsite shipment and disposal. The solid waste management system also receives, decontaminates and/or compacts, and provides temporary storage facilities for all radioactive dry wastes produced during station operation and maintenance prior to offsite shipment and disposal. In addition, the station utilizes offsite vendor servicesw for Dry Active Waste (DAW) processing. These services may include compaction, incineration, thermal processing, and/or sorting of the radioactive waste (DAW).
A system bypass (Figure 11.4-1) allows connection to portable equipment. This enables the use of state of the art radwaste processing technology necessary to comply with evolving federal, state and burial site criteria. Process Control Program (PCP) - Shall co ntain the current formulas, sampling, analysis, test, and determinations to be made to ensure that processing and packaging of solid radioactive wastes based on demonstrated processing of actual or simulated wet solid wastes will be accomplished in such a way as to assure compliance with 10 CFR parts 20, 61, and 71, State regulation, burial ground requirements, and other requirements governing the disposal of solid radioactive waste. Changes to the PCP shall be documented and records of reviews performed shall be retained. This documentation shall contain: Sufficient information to support the change together with the appropriate analyses or evaluations justifying the change(s) and, A determination that the change will maintain the overall conformance of the solidified waste product to existing requirements of Federal, State, or other applicable regulations. Changes shall become effective after review and acceptance, including approval by the Station Manager. 11.4.1.1 Power Generation Design Bases
The solid radwaste system is designed to minimize the volume of waste requiring shipment offsite. The system is designed specifically for a 40-year service life, maximum reliability, minimum maintenance, and minimum exposure to operating and maintenance personnel. The system ha s the flexibility to handle a wide range of radioactive waste products. LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-1a REV. 20, APRIL 2014 Equipment and storage capacities, as noted in Table 11.4-1, are selected to meet the station's solid waste processing needs in all the operational modes of the station, including anticipated operational occurrences, without impairing the power generation availability of the station.
In addition, a separate, interim radwaste storage facility (IRSF) provides contingency storage space for approxim ately 80 years of abnormal output of processed, solid waste. Any waste stored in the IRSF will have been prepared for shipment and disposal. Amendment No. 202 to Facility Operating License No. NPF-11 and Amendment No. 189 to Facility Operating License No. NPF-18, allows Exelon Generation Company, LLC, LaSalle County Station, Units 1 and 2, pursuant to the Act and 10 CFR Parts 30, 40, and 70, to possess, but not separate, such byproduct and special nuclear materials as may be produced by the operation of LaSalle County Station, Units 1 and 2, and such Class B and Class C low-level radioactive waste as may be produced by the operation of Braidwood Station, Units 1 and 2, Byron Station, Unit Nos. 1 an d 2 and Clinton Power Station, Unit 1. An interim storage facility for dry active waste is provided. The facility is designed to hold an approximate two-year inventory of dry active waste which may be stored for a period of up to five years time. Turning pads 4 & 5 have each been designed for the storage of a maximum of 8 loaded low-level waste casks. 11.4.1.2 Safety Design Bases
The solid radwaste system is designed to package radioactive wastes for offsite shipment and burial or onsite storage in accordance with applicable NRC, DOT, and Burial Site regulations including 49 CFR 170-178 and 10 CFR 71.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-2 REV. 13 System safety is emphasized through red undancy in design of primary components, compartmentalization of equipment layout, remote automatic and/or manual operation, shielding, containment of po ssible spills and displaced air, remote decontamination, if required, accurate process monitoring, and interlocking of process controls.
Complete solidification of concentrator waste and sump sludge wastes is maintained by testing probable waste constituents and th e solidification agent prior to start of operation. A set of process parameters is formulated fo r each type of waste which establishes operational boundary conditions. Operation of the solid radwaste system adheres to these boundary condit ions with conformance recorded for individual batches, thereby reasonably assuring complete solidification.
The solid radwaste system is designed to "fail safe" upon loss of system power, water, or air supply. System controls are designed to avoid a malfunction or spill due to operator error. The system is designed to reduce decontamination and cleaning requirements. The solid radwaste system is enclosed in a Seismic Category II structure. The below grade walls are part of the total structural shear wall system and as such are designed to withstand the effects of an earthquake. All piping and components of the system are designed and constructed in accordance with requirements for classification of NRC Quality Group D. Portable equipment should incorporate safety design features as stated for the solid radwaste system where feasible. Regu latory Guide 1.143 seismic criteria to structures housing solid waste systems are not applicable to portable Solid Waste System (ETSB-11-3). The IRSF is designed in accordance with the guidance provided by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Standard Review Plan (SRP) 11.4, Solid Waste Management Systems, Appendix 11.4-A, Design Guidance for Temporary Onsite Storage of Low Level Radioactive Waste. The design bases solid radw aste system output is 3500 to 8050 drums per year. The Solid Radwaste System operation is controlled by the station Process Control Program. 11.4.1.3 Types of Waste Wet solid wastes are transported to the solid radwaste system from the liquid radwaste system via the sludge subsystem described in Subsection 11.2.2.5. The types of waste handled by the solid radwaste system consist of the following:
- a. Expended deep bed demineralizer bead resins consisting primarily of a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene.
LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-3 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 b. Waste filter sludge consisting of spent precoat material, and solid filter cartridges.
- c. Cleanup and fuel pool filter-demineralizer sludge consisting primarily of powdered demineralizer resins.
- d. Evaporator concentrates: consists of inputs from floor drain and chemical waste concentrators (evaporator bottoms concentrated to approximately 25% total solid by we ight). (The evaporators are no longer operated and are abandoned-in-place.)
- e. Laundry waste consisting primarily of detergent water with suspended and dissolved solids.
- f. Ultrasonic resin cleaner sludge consisting primarily of piping corrosion products and resin fines.
- g. Low-level dry active wastes consisting of air filters; miscellaneous paper, rags, etc., from contaminated areas; contaminated clothing, tools, and equipment parts which cannot be effectively decontaminated; and solid laboratory wastes. High- level dry wastes consist mostly of equipment that has been activated during reactor operation (e.g., core components).
11.4.1.4 Expected Volumes
Table 11.4-2 indicates the design-basis solid radwaste system output (maximum and expected annual volumes). The radionuclide content of the various types of waste is indicated in Table 11.2-4. LaSalle Station can receive a maximum of approximately five to eight total shipments of Class B and Class C LLRW liners per year to the LSCS IRSF from the combination of Braidwood Station Units 1 & 2, Byron Station Units 1 & 2, and Clinton Power Station Unit 1. The IRSF is limited to accepting containers no larger than a standard size 195 cubic feet liner. This is due to the seven by seven foot notch opening to the storage bay. The LSCS solid radwaste system is designed to package radioactiv e wastes for offsite shipment and burial or onsite storage in accordance with applicable NRC, DOT, and Burial Site regulations including 49 CFR 170-178 and 10 CFR 71. The processing area for LLRW shipping containers at LSCS consists of six concrete cubicles each designed to hold one LLRW shipping container (i.e., up to 200 cubic feet). The containers are either carbon steel liners or polyethylene High Integrity Containers (HICs). 11.4.2 System Description Operation of the solid waste management system is indicated by Figure 11.4-1. LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-3a REV. 20, APRIL 2014 The solid radwaste system is comprised of the following components or subsystems. 11.4.2.1 Drum Preparation Station This subsystem is no longer used and is abandoned-in-place. The design basis information for the system rema ins the historical reference. This subsystem consists of cement unloading, storing, feeding, weighi ng, and conveying equipme nt used to load 55-gallon drums with the correct weight of cement. A mixing weight is added to the drum to ensure uniform mixing when the drum is tumbled. The drum preparation station area is maintained dry and is enclosed within curbing to prevent mixing of spilled cement with water. The cement storage tank contains a pressure relief valve to prevent pressurization of the tank during filling with cement. This subsystem is designed for dust-free oper ation with an exhaust air filter assembly attached to the side of the cement storage tank to capture cement dust generated within the tank. LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-4 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 11.4.2.2 Decanting Station Original Design Basis This subsystem consists of a stainless steel decanting tank that can receive and mix spent resins, waste filter sludges, filter-demineralizer sludges, or ultrasonic resin cleaner sludges; a progressive cavity deca nting pump that dewaters excess liquid; a positive displacement piston-type metering pump that transports accurate quantities of waste from the decanting tank to the drum; and all associated valves and instrumentation. This equipment is bolted to a thick machined steel shield wall which is attached to a mechanical steel insert fit into an opening in the concrete shield wall. Processing equipment in contact with radioactive materi als is located on the radioactive side of the shield wall. Located on the low radiation side of the shield wall are the decanting station drives, limit switches, and instrumentation so that most maintenance can be performed with minimum exposure to personnel. Most accessory valves whose operators and limi t switches are located on the decanting tank side of the shield wall can be mutually operated from the lower radiation side. Operation shafts and plugs extending through the wall are stepped to prevent direct radiation passage from one side of the wall to the other. Service pipes or tubing and electrical wires from the radioactive side to the low radiation side of the shield wall pass over the top rather than through it. At the upper side of the closed tank a connection for emergency overflow directs any overflow to a sump. A vent nozzle is prov ided for venting air displaced when filling the tank to the plant radioactive vent system. A movable decanting arm is used to decant water to the liquid and liquid slurry interface level. Two ultrasonic sensors located at the inlet nozzle are used to detect arm position and the liquid and liquid slurry interface level. Mechanical lim it switches prevent overtravel of the decanting arm.
The metering pump can also be used to flush radwaste pipe to the radwaste holding tanks. When used in conjunction with the task internal spray nozzles, the metering pump can be used to minimize the decant tank radiation levels for required maintenance in the tank areas. Current Design Basis
This subsystem consists of a stainless steel decanting tank that receives decant water from vendor waste processing, a positive displacement piston-type metering LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-5 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 pump that returns the tank contents to the liquid radwater system, and associated valves and instrumentation. This equipment is located on the radioactive side of a shield wall. Most valves whose operators and limit switches are located on the radiation side of the shield wall can be operated from the low radiation side. Where practical, valve operators, limit switches, and instrumentation are located on the low ra diation side of the sh ield wall so that most maintenance can be performed with minimum exposure to personnel. Process piping, hoses, and electrical wires from the radiation side to the low radiation side of the shield wall pass over the shield wall rather than through it. The decant tank is a closed tank, with an emergency overflow line which directs overflows to a sump. A vent line routes air displaced when filling the tank to the plant radioactive vent system. Drum processing unit components not used in the Current Design Basis are abandoned-in-place. 11.4.2.3 Drumming Station The clean condensate line to the 'A' Drum Processing Unit (DPU) (which previously routed water for DPU and drum washing) has been converted to a waste line for routing floor drain and chemical waste to a vend or skid. (See Subsections 11.2.2.2 and 11.2.2.3). The 'B' DPU is no longer used to process solid waste. Instead, the waste is processed through a vendor skid, as discusse d in subsections 11.4.1 and 11.4.2. Except as described above, this subsystem is no longer used and is abandoned-in-place. The design basis information for the system remains for historical reference. This station consists of a drum processing unit and a heat traced positive displacement metering pump. Both are attached to the radioactive side of a shielding wall identical to the one supporting the decanting station (described in Subsection 11.4.2.2). Also attached to the shield wall is a remotely removable platform with a scale and radiation monitor. This provides weight and activity level readouts on the control console of the drum after removal from the drum processing unit. The pump fills the drum with accurate quantities of evaporator concentrates. The drum processing unit is essentially a stainless steel box with an air-cylinder actuated hatch in the top. The following operations occur within the confines of the drum processing unit: cap removal, drum filling, cap reinsertion, tumbling of the drum for mixing, and washing the exterior of the drum, if necessary. These operations are performed remotely. The operating mode can be automatic or manual. For safety reasons, opening and closing of the hatch is not part of the automatic cycle. All motions are interlocked to ensure correct sequencing. Lights at the control console indicate the LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-6 REV. 13 operating status of the drum processing uni
- t. If malfunction occurs, the operator can quickly diagnose the cause and decide whether to clear the fault or change to manual control. Automatic sequencing is locked out until the malfunction has been corrected.
Air displaced during filling is vented through an annular passage around the fill nozzle and discharged to the drum processing unit which is maintained at a negative pressure with respect to the plant radioactive vent system assuring sufficient air circulation to keep the drum s clean. Two separate fill nozzles are provided: one for sludge/slurry waste, one for concentrated waste. A sonic type overflow sensor is located in the filling nozzles to prevent spills or excessive liquid level in the drum due to automatic control failure or operator error. In the drum processing unit the drum is placed in a movable cradle which raises the drum until the fill nozzle is inside the drum cap fitting before filling starts. Limit switches will not permit flow until the drum is in the proper position. A measured amount of clean water flush occurs automatically afte r the filling cycle to clear radioactive material from the fill nozzle. After each drum filling a pause occurs to permit dribble to enter the drum before it is disengaged from the filling nozzle. The assembly is equipped with spray nozzles for decontamination of the inside of the drum processing unit as well as washing the exterior of a drum during tumbling, if required. The system has the capability of refilling a drum with waste after the initial tumbling mixing sequence. Separate nozzl es provide the flexib ility of filling the second time with a different type of waste.
11.4.2.4 Container Handling Equipment This equipment includes two remote operated cranes with television cameras for visual surveillance. The cranes are used to remotely transport and position sealed drums or high integrity containers and liners in either high, low, or intermediate level storage, and retrieve and transport them to trucks for offsite disposal. Two electrical circuits are provided for the trolley, bridge, and hoist: one for the high-speed and one for the low-speed motors. This ensures that electrical failure will not prevent remote removal of the crane fr om a radiation zone or completing the operation in process at time of failure. A crane target grid system combined with television cameras is provided for accurate remote control positioning. For safety, the container must be raised to the full-up position before high speed operation is possible, and the container cannot be releas ed from the grab while the container is suspended. A soft start-stop drive system for the crane is installed for smoother operation and reduced mechanical brake maintenance. LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-7 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 11.4.2.5 Smear Test and Label Station This subsystem is no longer used an d is abandoned in place. The design information for the system remains for historical reference. This portion of the solid waste management system consists of a setdown position for drums behind a small shield wall equipped with access plugs and working tools to accomplish remote labeling, smear testing, and radiation monito ring of all external surfaces of sealed drums prior to offsite disposal. 11.4.2.6 Dry Waste Compactor The dry waste compactor compresses paper, fabrics, plastics, and light metal into 55-gallon drums. An air filtration assemb ly is provided to maintain control of contaminated particles during compactor operation. Capture of radioactive dust is accomplished by means of a roughing filter and two HEPA filters operating in parallel. A connection is included for attaching the filtration system outlet to the plant radioactive vent system. The radioactivity of most of the dry waste is low enough to permit handling by contact. The compactor is designed to meet OSHA standards for safe operation and built to standards for a 40-year expected life of the station. 11.4.2.7 Storage Areas Shielded areas are provided in the radwaste building for storage of high, low, and intermediate level sealed drums and compacted dry waste drums per requirements noted in Table 11.4-1. The low level and intermediate level storage areas located on the southern portion of the radwaste building are currently used to stage a vendor liquid radwaste processing system. Visual surveillance for the high, low and intermediate level storage area is provided by television cameras. The high level storage area consists of a series of concrete plugs for additional shielding during storage. Storage is provided for incompressible dry solid waste.
The IRSF provides contingency interim stor age for processed, solidified waste and dewatered resins. A program of quarterly visual inspection and surveillance of the IRSF will be performed with CCTV monitors. Visual inspection of waste containers will be performed to the greatest extent possible without movement of the containers. Containers will be inspected for signs of degradation and loss of integrity. The placement of containers of radwaste in the IRSF is controlled by administrative procedures to assure that the building exterior dose rate limits are
never exceeded. An interim storage facility for dry active waste is provided. The facility is designed to hold an approximate two-year inventory of dry active waste which may be stored for a period of up to five years time. LSCS-UFSAR 11.4-8 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 Radioactive waste and materials are stored in various locations within the station's outside buildings and outside on turning pads 4 & 5 (Ref. dwg. S-1720). The exterior dose rate limits of the storage locations are administratively controlled. Routine surveillances of these storage areas ensure container integrity.
An area adjacent to the ISFSI will be used to provide long term storage of low level waste using a Holtec container design which has some design features similar to the existing dry waste storage system. 11.4.2.8 Control Station This area provides the capability of remo te visual monitoring and control of the solid radwaste system at one control panel located in the radwaste control room. A liquid/solid interface control panel is prov ided for transferring waste to the solid radwaste system from the liquid radwaste system sludge subsystem. A record board is mounted on the radwaste control r oom wall to record the location of all drums within the drumming area. Drum set-down positions are represented by hooks onto which are placed circular discs. The discs are inscribed with the identification number of the drum, its weight, the date it was drummed, and the drum radiation level as of that date. The IRSF has a control room from which all waste monitoring and handling is controlled, using the IRSF building crane. The system for recording the location of stored waste in the IRSF is the same as that discussed above. 11.4.2.9 Processing Area For Radwaste Shipping Containers This area consists of six concrete cubicl es each designed to hold one Radwaste Shipping Container (up to 200 cubic feet si ze). The containers are either carbon steel liners or polyethylene High Integrity Containers. The containers are remotely transported using the overhead crane s discussed in Section 11.4.2.4. Each cubicle will have a removable lead/steel cover to provide shielding for workers. The covers have a removable center plug to allow access to the container for filling. The containers will be filled, solidified, or dewatered, as required by the Radwaste Process Control Program. Each cubicle is connected to the floor dr ain system which is routed to the liquid radwaste system. Additionally this area is provided with curbing to contain potential spills outside of the cubicles. LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.4-1 (SHEET 1 of 2) TABLE 11.4-1 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND STORAGE DESIGN CAPACITIES RADWASTE BUILDING PROCESSING EQUIPMENT QUANTITY DESIGN CAPACITY Decanting Tank 2 500 gallons Decanting Pump 2 18 gpm Metering Pump 4 15 gpm Cement Storage Tank 1 1000 ft 3 (No longer used) Drum Processing Unit 2 ---- (No longer used) Packaging Container - 55 gallons (No longer used) Dry Waste Compactor 1 ---- Bridge Crane* 2 9.3 tons STORAGE AREA NUMBER OF STORAGE AREAS DESIGN CAPACITY PER STORAGE AREA Low level (<1.5 R/hr) *** 1 435 drums (Historical) Intermediate level (1.5 R/hr - 5 R/hr) *** 1 395 drums (Historical) High level (>5 R/hr) 2 208 drums Dry compacted waste 1 75 drums Dry uncompacted waste 1 90 ft 3 Empty drum 4 200 drums (total) DAW** 1 16,200 ft 3 *Overhead Crane Operating Speeds
- Not in Radwaste Building ***Currently used to stage Vendor Liquid Radwaste Processing System High-Speed Low-Speed Drum Grab Hoist 30 fpm 7 5 fpm LOAD < 1 TON LOAD > 1 TON BRIDGE ** 0-125 fpm 0-40 fpm TROLLEY ** 0-125 fpm 0-40 fpm
** Backup circuit speed - 2 fpm
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.4-1 (SHEET 2 of 2) TABLE 11.4-1 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND STORAGE DESIGN CAPACITIES Interim Radwaste Storage Facility STORAGE AREA NUMBER OF STORAGE AREAS DESIGN CAPACITY PER STORAGE AREA 200 R/hr 1 Maximum expected dose on contact on HIC delivered from Braidwood, Byron and Clinton 380 R/hr 1 Maximum expected dose on contact for LaSalle HIC Accident Drop Analysis (Calc L-003430) 25 R/hr 1 Maximum expected contact dose for HIC at the IRSF wall (135 containers per layer and 270 HIC containers double stacked) 50 R/hr 1 Maximum expected dose from upper layer of containers 100 mrem/hr N/A Maximum dose in the IRSF Truck Bay < 10 mrem/hr N/A Expected maximum dose in the IRSF control room and outside the IRSF 20-Ton Overhead Crane Operating Speeds High-Speed (fpm) Low-Speed (fpm) Bridge 94 5 Trolley 70 5 Drum Grab Hoist 17 3.3 Turning Pads 4 & 5 DESIGN CAPACITY PER TURNING PAD8 low-level waste casks (max.)
*Dose rate at inside surface of storage area wall.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.4-2 (SHEET 1 of 2) TABLE 11.4-2 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 EXPECTED AND DESIGN ANNUAL VOLUMES OF (UNITS 1 & 2) SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OUTPUT TYPE OF WASTE VOLUME DRUMS* a. Deep Bed Resin 2,968 ft 3 740 b. Waste Filter Sludge 26,242 - 79,735 gal 875 - 2,660 c. Filter-Demineralizer Sludge 2,019 - 7,065 gal 70 - 235 d. Evaporator Concentrates (Note 4) Floor Drain Waste 8,000 - 12,000 gal 270 - 400 Regenerant Solutions (Note 1) 50,000 - 120,000 gal 1670 - 4000 e. Laundry (Note 2) 3,000 - 4,000 gal 100 - 140 f. URC Sludge 5,300 - 7,420 gal 175 - 250 TOTAL SOLIDIFIED 116,760 - 252,420 gal 3,900 - 8,425 g. Dry Active Waste 8,000 ft 3 h. Vendor System Waste (Note 3) 2,120 ft 3 i. IRSF Storage Liners from BRW, BYR & CPS (Note 5) 975 ft 3 - 1560 ft 3
- 30-gallon drums assumed.
Note 1: Resin is no longer regenerated Note 2: The Reverse Osmosis Unit is no longer used. Note 3: The vendor system waste is waste generated from a vendor liquid radwaste system. The waste may include ion exchange resin and/or charcoal. Note 4: The evaporators are abandoned-in-place and no longer produce waste volumes. LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.4-2 (SHEET 2 of 2) TABLE 11.4-2 REV. 20, APRIL 2014 Note 5: The IRSF is limited to accepting containers no larger than 195 ft
- 3. LaSalle Station can receive five to eight total shipments of Class B & C LLRW liners per year.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-1 TABLE 11.5-1 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 PROCESS RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CONDITIONS RADIATION MONITOR SYSTEM PRESSURE (psig) TEMPERATURE (°F) RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) Main steamline detectors 0 to 250 392 max. -- Off-gas monitor sample systems 0 to 375 480 max. -- All remaining subsystems, equipment, and instruments 0 32 to 140 10 to 98
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-2 TABLE 11.5-2 REV. 13 PROCESS RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM (GASEOUS AND AIRBORNE MONITORS) MONITOR CONFIGURATION TYPE EXPECTED SENSITIVITY
- RANGE PRINCIPAL RADIONUCLIDES MEASURED EXPECTED ACTIVITY ALARMS AND TRIPS Off-gas post-treatment radiation monitor (GE)
Sample line between charcoal bed and discharge valve Particulate filter Iodine filter Scintillator 10-6-10-2 µCi/cm 3 10-1 to 10 6 cpm Noble gas Off-gas activity defined in Table11.3-1 Flow Low/High Downscale High High-High High-High-High Off-gas system outlet & drain isolated Off-gas radiation monitor Pretreatment gas-log scale (GE) Adjacent to sample chamber -Ion chamber 3 x 10-10 Amp/R/hr 10 0 - 10 6 mR/h Noble gas Fission products Off-gas activity defined in Table 11.1-
1 Downscale High High-High High-Low Flow Main steamline radiation monitor (GE) Adjacent to steamlines -Ion chamber 3 x 10-10 Amp/R/hr 10 0 - 10 6 mR/hr Coolant activation gases Noble gas Steamline activity defined in Table 11.1-4 Downscale High High-High Carbon bed vault radiation monitor Inside vault G-M 1m/hr 10 0 - 10 6 mR/hr Fission products in carbon vaults Approximately 100R/hr High Downscale Reactor Building exhaust plenum radiation monitor (GE) Air (N407) Inline G-M 250 cpm/pCi/cm 3 0.01-100 mR/hr Noble gases Reactor building activity defined in Table 11.3-8 Downscale High-High Isolate RB Vent System Fuel pool ventilation exhaust monitor Offline G-M 250 cpm/pCi/cm 3 0.01-100 mR/hr Noble gases 5 x 10-8 µCi/cc during power operation 5 x 10-6 µCi/cc during refueling Downscale High-High Isolate RB Vent System
- Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity is to be determined as operational data becomes available.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-3 TABLE 11.5-3 REV. 4 - APRIL 1988 EFFLUENT RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM (GASEOUS AND AI RBORNE MONITORS) MONITOR CONFIGURATION TYPE EXPECTED SENSITIVITY RANGE PRINCIPAL RADIONUCLIDES MEASURED EXPECTED ACTIVITY ALARMS Station Vent Stack monitor (Wide Range) Sample line from plant stack Particulate filter Iodine filter Gas (low range)
Plastic scintillatorGas (mid range) Solid state
scintillator Gas (High range) Solid state
scintillator N/A N/A 4.32 x 10 7 cpm/µCi/cc 2.84 x 10 4 cpm/µCi/cc 1.19 x 10 2 cpm/µCi/cc N/A N/A 10 10-1 µCi/cc 10 10+2 µCi/cc 10 10+5 µCi/cc Noble gases, Iodine and particulate Gaseous discharge activity defined in Table 11.3-1 High INOP ALERT Standby Gas treatment system effluent (Wide Range) Sample lines from SGTS stack Particulate filter Iodine filter Gas (low range)
Plastic scintillator Gas (mid range) Solid state
Scintillator Gas (high range) Solid state Scintillator N/A N/A 4.32 x 10 7 cpm/µCi/cc 2.84 x 10 4 cpm/µCi/cc 1.19 x 10 2 cpm/µCi/cc N/A N/A 10 10-1 µCi/cc 10 10+2 µCi/cc 10 10+5 µCi/cc Noble gases, Iodine and particulate Reactor building activity defined in Table 11.3-8 High INOP LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-4 TABLE 11.5-4 REV. 0 - APRIL 1984 PROCESS AND EFFLUENT RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM (LIQUID MONITORS)
MONITOR CONFIGURATION TYPE RANGE PRINCIPAL RADIONUCLIDES MEASURED EXPECTED ACTIVITY ALARMS Radwaste effluent radiation monitor Sample line from radwaste discharge to blowdown line -Scintillator 10 1 - 10 6 cpm Cs-137
- Co-60 Discussed in Section 11.2 High High/Low Flow Downscale Isolate Service water effluent radiation monitor Sample line from effluent pipe prior to discharge to other systems -Scintillator 10 1 - 10 6 cpm Cs-137*
Co-60 Less than minimum detector sensitivity INOP/Downscale High/Low Flow High Reactor building closed cooling water radiation monitor Sample line from effluent -Scintillator 10 1 - 10 6 cpm Cs-137* Co-60 Less than minimum detector sensitivity INOP/Downscale High High/Low Flow Residual heat
removal service water radiation monitor (RHR - 2 each) Sample line from effluent -Scintillator 10 1 - 10 6 cpm Cs-137* Co-60 Less than minimum detector sensitivity Low/High Flow INOP/Downscale High
- Sensitivity based upon this radionuclide.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-5 TABLE 11.5-5 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
OF LIQUID PROCESS SAMPLES SAMPLE DESCRIPTION TYPICAL SAMPLE FREQUENCY
- ANALYSIS EXPECTED SENSITIVITY
- (µCi/ml) PURPOSE 1. Reactor Coolant lodine Isotopic Analysis Isotopic Analysis 1/Week 1/Week Dose Equivalent I-131 Principle Gamma Emitters 10-6 5 x 10-7 Evaluate reactor water activity 2. Condensate storage tank A Weekly *** CS-137/Ba-137m Equivalent Activity 10-6 Activity Monitoring 3. Condensate storage tank B Weekly *** CS-137/Ba-137m Equivalent Activity 10-6 Activity Monitoring 4. Fuel pool filter-demineralizer Inlet and Outlet Periodically when fuel is present *** CS-137/Ba-137m Equivalent Activity 10-6 Evaluate system performance
- Actual frequency is determined by plant needs and operational circumstances per the Technical Specifications.
** Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity to be determined as operational data become available. *** NOT required per Technical Specifications
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-6 TABLE 11.5-6 REV. 15, APRIL 2004 RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
OF GASEOUS PROCESS SAMPLES
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION TYPICAL SAMPLE FREQUENCY TYPICAL ANALYSIS EXPECTED SENSITIVITY
- (µCi/ml) PURPOSE 1. Containment atmosphere (drywell)
- Prior to entry
- Beta* 10-11 10-6 Determine need for respiratory equipment 2. Off-gas pretreatment sample
- Monthly ****Gamma isotopic 10-7 Determine off-gas activity 3. Off-gas post treatment sample Monthly
- Gamma isotopic
- 10-7 Determine noble gas activity
- (µCi/ml) PURPOSE 1. Containment atmosphere (drywell)
- On particulate filter
- Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity to be determined as operational data becomes available.
- As determined by plant needs and operational circumstances per the Technical Specifications. **** Not required by Technical Specifications.
- Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity to be determined as operational data becomes available.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-7 TABLE 11.5-7 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
OF LIQUID EFFLUENT SAMPLES SAMPLE DESCRIPTION TYPICAL SAMPLE FREQUENCY
- TYPICAL ANALYSIS*
EXPECTED SENSITIVITY
- (µCi/ml) PURPOSE 1. River Discharge Tank Each Batch Cs-137/Ba-137m Equivalent Activity 10-6 Radwaste Discharge 2. Liquid radwaste effluent Composite of all tanks discharged Monthly Quarterly Tritium Sr-89/90 10-5 10-8 3. Circulating water Weekly sample continuously collected proportional sample Monthly Gamma Isotopic Tritium 10-7 10-5 Effluent discharge record (backup sample)
- As determined by plant needs and operational circumstances.
** Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity is to be determined as operational data becomes available.
LSCS-UFSAR TABLE 11.5-8 TABLE 11.5-8 REV. 14 - APRIL 2002 RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
OF GASEOUS EFFLUENT SAMPLES SAMPLE DESCRIPTION TYPICAL SAMPLE FREQUENCY
- TYPICAL ANALYSIS
- SENSITIVITY
(µCi/ml)f PURPOSE 1. Station vent stack Weekly
Monthly Quarterly I-131**, gamma isotopic
Gamma isotopic
- Sr-89 and 90
- Tritium 10-11 10-10 10-8 10-11 10-10 10-16 Effluent record
- On particulate filter
- On Charcoal cartridge
- As determined by plant needs and operational circumstances. f Expected sensitivity is typical only. Actual sensitivity to be determined as operational data becomes available.
- On Charcoal cartridge
25,..-------------------------------,;:;;=KRB AND DRESDEN 2 AVERAGE (1971 MIXTURE)I I I l-I I I I I I 15 l-I r EQU'UBR'UM I:r DIFFUSION RECO'L 1 I II.--I I-I I I I I 10 f-I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 5 l-II I I I I I I I I I I ,II-lIT+11T, III I I I I I I I 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 NOBLE RADIOGAS OECAY CONSTANT EXPONENT lml LA SALLE COUNTY STATION UPDATED FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORTFI GU R Ell.1-1 NOBLE RADIOGAS DECAY CONSTANT EXPONENT FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM REV.0-APRIL 1984 l EQUILIBRIUM DIFFUSION ,-t I T;\"=KRB AND DRESDEN 2 AVERAGE (1971 MIXTURE)l-I I I I I I I I I!I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l-I I I!.I I 1 , I I I I II I l k--Icr+1 cr-t-j I I 1 j I I.1 1 I I I I I j I I I I I I I I I II I 1 II I I!I v>Z LIJ0::::l<IJ<<LIJ::E Ii.ou Z LIJ::l o LIJ Q:;Ii.15 10 5 o 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 FADIOHAI.OGEN OECAY CONSTANT EXPONENT Inl LA SALLE COU NTY STATION UPDAT£D FINAL'SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORTFI GU R Ell.1-2 RADIOHALOGEN DECAY CONSTANT EXPONENT FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM REV.0-APRIL 1984 1200 1690Hll DE"ON BASIS-'1 1100 PRE.-1971 SOURCE TERMS I 1000*KRB/*DRESDEN 2 I 900/I 800//1-131 DESIGN BASIS V 1971 SOURCE.TERMS-:::-I u::I.700/-..J W:::l...I 0 a: 600/...w Cl<<DOESDENI\:.: MARCH 1965.<<I w 500*..J..../M........*400 I/300*100,000 50,000**-18---*I.*..-:-a.---0.::..:=----1 1..----1 150,000 200 100 NOBLE RADIOGAS LEAKAGE AT 1=30 min{fJ.C'/seCl LA SALLE COUNTY STATION UPDATED FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORTFI GURE 11.1-3 NOBLE RADIOGAS LEAKAGE VS.1-131 LEAKAGE REV,0-APRIL 1984 2 STAGE AIR EJECTOR ASSEMBLY Wb.,Ti::R Sf?..nArOR fEEDwA TEl" COt*HJl::N;iA 1 Eo TRAIN TO MAIN CONiH:N:itk (GRAVITY uflAiN AT STARTt.!t'i CONDENSATE TO MAIN CONDENSER IGFIAVITY DRAIN AT STARfUPI UJ CaUL/NG WA Hi'NLiCLtAHI SHAM cpI*!"ART I-..-Cf:::J-**...r: .. LL__.JJ I"""AS*I EjECTORS..'OFH:'AS JORf;M MAIN CONllEN$EH TREATMENT fRO'"'STANDbY CAS SlAInJk'UHf,-, AOSOA8ERS OHAltiS 8 VfSSHS AIR CONOITlONlt<lG UNiT t2l CHAACOA.L AOSURBER VESSEI.S IN CONSTANT TEMPEAATVAE VALL T NORMAL BYPASS f(4)Ct)OUt'olG ....AlEA ()HAlN HEff{IGEA,AIJOh MACHINf'21 1'<ONAAOh]A(;lIVE A.HEA GLYCOL SOLUHON---0 Gl't'COi PUMP 111 C-0--I>>a I'l" o(J)" ,,>>I Ci).......r):::> U'l::0" IfTl U'l>--l tIj-<G)U'l()<Vl c;;:;0-i;;0 ITl fTl 0 3:-<2"I):::>-1 a w::t:"I'U--:(J)CJ::0.......(/)-1 H):::>>-<>>[:-I G)(/)-1:::0 I-'):::>;::0-:::c fTlO'-0 00 ,j>.;;0-I ,...U>C"1>U>GASUlliS flAlJIIA\1l '.Y', II H PHUU\S flOW IJIAWAMII GURI 11.1-2'" u<Cv>I-f5>.:: oe(0-v>PldOl fI.-dde[)evd 1I On 710'Abuve HSl/Ill'Above trade nil.Above Aux.UI d'l.lx.it llld"lete,- 24" HO'Ahove tradt* Above Aux.Uldg.hiL Iliomele.- 18.'" Average Velocily" 60 fL/,ec Hon"," flo" Pdlh Al Leroak I luw I'dLh"loUl unit,",u;lined 1I1011111P,*el iller 0 Ile",IHerMpdium(harlodlII fit ielllyIi Iter Al1sorbef (lUIll r:=2I Heal IIlI'A Tf'dfl':>fer Uni t LA SAlLt COUNIY STAflON UPOA f 1Il f IIlAt SAl[IV ANAL Y SIS IlU'OIl f 11.820Cf I 10 ,ROO UM JOO,OOO UH JOO,UOU. CfH ltluO M III (Oil RllllM/1111 I All UlIlHIIHlO HIXlM __--l 1II11111111{; \:I I ,-,-{ A 1\Al-AIR I_RlWltllHlRVVV1 1I0lUUP JO III". I Hll-(,A\I.JrlTIllL__ l,lKlO CfH l 00...\0\0 I\) ...J...J<to...J W I (f)L....o SYSTEM BYPASS EXCESS WATER METERING PUMPS ,-"SHIELD WALL ,<.<,--, HIGH INTEGRITY CONTAINER I DECANT WATER SLUDGES DECANT TANK DECANTING STATI')N R::TURN Te 4--" FEED------------- ,..',..-." , PORTABLE RADWASTE....-----------t PROCESSING EOUIPMENT SHIP TO BURIAL SITE w o (f)o I DECAY PIT STORAGE 4?E,}, LA SALLE COUNTY STATION UPDATED FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT FIGURE 11.4-1 RADWASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM REV, 12-MARCH 1998}}