NRC-96-0027, Annual Radiological Environ Operating Rept
| ML20108A547 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Fermi  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1995 |
| From: | Gipson D DETROIT EDISON CO. |
| To: | NRC OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IRM) |
| References | |
| CON-NRC-96-0027, CON-NRC-96-27 NUDOCS 9605020297 | |
| Download: ML20108A547 (170) | |
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{{#Wiki_filter:! Dougl33 R.Gipton , Sensor Vice Presdent Nuclear Generatior l l Detroit re- 2 6400 North Dixie Hghway , Newport. Mehgan 48166 ; I (313) NW5249 , I l l April 30,1996 NRC-96-0027 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Attention: Document Control Desk , Washington D. C. 20555
Reference:
Fermi 2 NRC Docket No. 50-341 : NRC License No. NPF-43
Subject:
Annual Radiological Environmental Ooerating Report , Pursuant to Section 6.9.1.7 of the Technical Specifications, please find attached the 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for Fermi 2. If you have any questions regarding this report, please contact Lynda Craine at (313) 586-1388. Sincerely, , l Attachment cc: T. G. Colburn M. J. Jordan H. J. Miller T. Vegel(w/ enclosure) Region III(w/ enclosure) ; I 020.190 9605020297 951231 PDR ADOCK 05000341 R PDR [h ift N
i i I i Fermi 2 ! l 1995 Annual Radiological I j Environmental Operating Report i i 1 I l l 4 i i l t i January 1,1995 to December 31,1995 i ! ! l Prepared by: I f
- Fermi 2
) Radiological Health Department 1. I l l J i l
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Table of Contents Page
- 1. Executive Summary 11
- 2. Introduction 2-1 2.1 The Atom 2-1 2.2 Radiation 2-2 2.3 Sources ofRadiation 2-3 2.4 Biological Effects ofRadiation 2-4 2.5 Benefits ofNuclear Power 2-6 2.6 Fission 2-7 2.7 NuclearReactor 2-8 2.8 Reactor Safety Equipment 2-10 l l
- 3. Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program 31 3.1 Preoperational Program 3-2 l 3.2 Operational Program 3-2 1
.t. Direct Radiation Monitoring 4-1 1 1
- 5. Atmospheric Monitoring 5-1 ;
5.1 Air Sampling 5-1 j l l
- 6. Terrestrial Monitoring 6-1 ;
6.1 Milk Sampling 6-1 \ 6.2 Grass Sampling 6-3 i 6.3 Garden Sampling 6-3 i
- 7. Aquatic Monitoring 7-1 1 7.1 Drinking Water Sampling 7-1 7.2 Surface Water Sampling 7-4 7.3 Groundwater Sampling 7-5 1 7.4 Sediment Sampling 7-6 7.5 Fish Sampling 7-8
- 8. Land Use Census 8-1 8.1 1995 Land Use Census Results 8-1 i
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Table of Contents Page
- 9. Sample Locations 9-1 l
- 10. Program Execution 10-1 10.1 Direct Radiation Monitoring 10-1 10.2 Atmospheric a!cnitoring 10-1 10.2.1 KrSampling 10-1 10.3 'leriestrial Monitoring 10-2 10.3.1 Afilk Sampling 10-2 10.3.2 Grass Sampling 10-2 10.3.3 Garden Sampling 10-2 10.4 Aquatic Monitoring 10-2 10.4.1 Drinking Water Sampling 10-3 10.4.2 Surface Water Sampling 10-3
[ 10.4.3 Groundwater Sampling 10-4 10.4.4 Sediment Sampling 10-4 l 10.4.5 Fish Sampling 10-4 l 11. Program Summary 11-1 l l 12. Quality Assurance 12-1 l 12.1 US EPA Interlaboratory Comparison Programfor 1995 12-2 12.2 Fermi 2 and NRC TLD Intercomparison 12-5 12.3 Independent Blind Spiked Cross Check Program 12-7
- 13. Data Tables 13 1 l 14. Glossary of Terms 14-1
( l l l l ii
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Ferrni 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironrnental Operating Report List of Figures Page Figure 2-1 Fermi 2 Nuclear Power Plant Basic Plant Schematic 2-12 Figure 3-1 Exposure Pathways to Man 3-3 Figure 4-1 Fermi 2 TLD Gamma Exposure Historical Averages and Ranges 4-3 Figure 4-2 Fermi 2 Annual Average TLD Gamma Exposure 4-3 Figure 5-1 Air Particulate Gross Beta Historical Averages and Ranges 5-3 Figure 5-2 Historical Gro:s Beta and 1131 Concentrations in Air Samples 5-3 Figure 5-3 Air Particulate Gross Beta 1995 5-4 Figure 6-1 Historical Strontium-90 Concentrations in Milk Samples 6-2 Figure 7-1 Drinking Water Gross Beta Concentrations Historical Averages and Ranges 7-3 Figure 7-2 Historical Gross Beta Concentration in Drinking Water Samples 7-3 Figure 7-3 Historical Cesium-137 Concentrations in Sediment Samples 7-7 Figure 7-4 Cesium-137 Concentrations in Fish Samples Historical Averages and Ranges 7-9 Figure 9-1 Sampling Locations By Station Number (Within 1 mile) 9-11 Figure 9-2 Sampling Locations By Station Number (1 to 5 miles) 9-12 Figure 9-3 Sampling Locations By Station Number (greater than 5 miles) 9-13 iii
a Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report List of Tables Page I 1 l Table 4-1 1995 Average TLD Exposure by Meteological Sector and Distance From Fenni 2 Reactor 4-2 Table 5-1 1995 Average Gross Beta Concentrations in Air Particulates 5-2 , Table 8-1 l Closest Residences 8-2 l Table 8-2 Closest Gardens 8-3 Table 8-3 Milk Locations 8-4 Table 9-1 Direct Radiation Sample Locations 9-1 l Table 9-2 Air Particulate and Air Iodine Sample Locations 9-7 ; Table 9-3 Milk Sample Locations 9-7 i
- Table 9-4 Garden Sample Locations 9-8 '
Table 9-5 Drinking Water Sample Locations 9-8 ' Table 9-6 Surface Water Sample Locations 9-9 : Table 9-7 Groundwater Sample Locations 9-9 : Table 9-8 Sediment Sample Locations 9-10 Table 9 9 Fish Sample Locations 9-10 Table 11-1 Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Summary 11-1 f i 1 l l l I I kV
Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Executive Summary 1 l l 1 l l
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report L Executive Summary This Annual Radiological Environmental Monitoring Report is a detailed report on the Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP) conducted at Detroit Edison's Fermi 2 nuclear power plant from January 1 through December 31,1995. Samples collected as part of the REMP program are analyzed by Teledyne/ Brown Engineering Environmental Services. Radioactivity measurements for these samples are reported in terms of sample concentration. Standard units of measure for reporting radioactivity are the Curie (Ci) for the amount of activity, and the Roentgen (R) for the amount of radiation exposure in free air. The unit of radioactivity used in this report is the picoeurie (pCi). A picocurie is one-one trillionth of a curie. The unit of direct radiation used in this report is milliroentgen (mR). A milliroentgen is one-one thousandth of a roentgen. All radioactivity measurements for samples found to contain radioactivity are reported viith a 2 sigma counting error, a standard counting practice. This means that, at a 95% confidence level, the true concentration of the sample lies somewhere between the measured concentration and plus or minus the counting error. The Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program is divided into four major parts. These four parts are direct radiation monitoring, atmospheric monitoring, terrestrial monitoring, and aquatic monitoring. In 1995, more than 900 environmental samples were collected and approximately 1200 laboratory analyses were performed for the REMP. The results showed that environmental radioactivity levels have not increased from i background radioactivity levels detected prior to the operation of Fermi 2. Direct radiation measurements were taken at 67 locations using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). The average quarterly exposure was 15.7 mR/ standard quarter for indicating locations. This average exposure is equivalent to the ambient radiation levels measured prior to the operation of Fermi 2. Atmospheric monitoring results for 1995 showed only naturally occurring radioactivity and were consistent with levels measured prior to the operation of Fermi 2. No radioactivity attributable to activities at Fermi 2 was detected in any atmospheric samples during 1995. Terrestrial monitoring results for 1995 of milk, grass, and leafy garden vegetable samples, showed only naturally occurring radioactivity and radioactivity associated with fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. The radioactivity levels detected were consistent with levels measured prior to the operation of Fermi 2. No radioactivity attributable to activities at Fermi 2 was detected in any terrestrial samples during 1995. 1-1
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Aquatic monitoring results for 1995 of water, sediment, and fish, showed only naturally occurring radioactivity and radioactivity associated with fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing and were consistent with levels measured prior to the operation of Fermi 2. No radioactivity attributable to activities at Fermi 2 was detected in any aquatic samples during 1995. The operation of Fermi 2 caused no measurable radioactivity in the environment and no adverse effect on the quality of the environment in 1995. Comparisons of 1995 environmental data, past operational data, and preoperational data, show no adverse long-term trends in environmental radiation levels attributable to Fermi 2. In conclusion, the operation of Fermi 2 continues to have no significant radiological impact upon the environment. l l i l l l-2
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Introduction 1 l
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i Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
- 2. Introduction Nuclear power plants produce electricity by the fissioning of uranium, not the burning of fossil fuels. So they do not pollute the air with sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, dust or l " greenhouse" gases like carbon dioxide. Making one million kilowatt-hours of electricity
! in a power plant fueled with natural gas produces 550 tons of carbon dioxide. Making the same amount of electricity in an oil-fired plant produces 850 tons of carbon dioxide; in a coal-fired plant,1,100 tons. But making one million kilowatt-hours of electricity in a nuclear pown plant produces no carbon dioxide. j Without nuclear power plants, emissions of sulfur dioxide would be 4 million tons higher
- every year. To put this in perspective, the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments will reduce ,
annual sulfur dioxide emissions from all sources by 10 million tons by the year 2000. (Sulfur dioxide may be one of the causes of acid rain.) Nuclear power plants also eliminate 2 million tons of nitrogen oxide emissions each year. Nitrogen oxide contributes to the formation of urban smog as well as acid rain. The new Clean Air Act requires nitrogen oxide reductions of at least 2 million tons per year by the year 2000. As the need for electricity grows, nuclear energy can help meet that demand without polluting the air. However, nuclear power plants do produce radioactive waste by-products, but these wastes pose no threat to the environment if properly handled. Nuclear waste is strictly managed and controlled, and carefully isolated from the environment at all times. More than 400 nuclear power plants operate in 30 countries around the world including more than 100 in the United States. They supply about 17 % of the world's electricity ! and approximately 20% of this country's electricity. In order to more fully understand this unique source of energy, background information on basic radiation characteristics, risk assessment, and reactor operation is provided in this section. 2.1 The Atom , An atom is the smallest unit of matter that is recognizable as a chemical element. Atoms of ' different elements may also combine into . systems called molecules, which are the smallest i units of chemical compounds. In all these - j l ordinary processes, atoms may be considered as l the ancient Greeks imagined them to be: the ! ultimate building blocks of matter. 2-1
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report When strong forces are applied to atoms, however, the atoms may break up into smaller parts. Thus atoms are actually composites and not units, and have a complex inner structure of their own. By studying the processes in which atoms break up, scientists in the 20th century have come to understand many details of the inner structure of atoms. Simply described, atoms are made up of positively and negatively charged particles and particles that have no charge. These particles are called protons, electrons, and neutrons, respectively. The relatively large protons and neutrons are packed tightly together in a cluster at the center of the atom called the nucleus. Orbiting around this nucleus are one or more smaller electrons. In an electrically neutral atom the negative charges of the electrons are balanced by the positive charges of the protons. Due to their dissimilar charges, the protons and electrons have a strong attraction for each other, which helps hold the atom together. Other attractive forces between the protons and neutrons keep the densely packed protons from repelling each other, preventing the nucleus from breaking apart. 2.2 Radiation Radiation is energy emitted in the form of waves or particles. The term is used in a variety of ways, and sometimes refers to light and radio waves. But most often it refers to " ionizing" radiation, which is radiation that can produce charged particles, called ions, in materials it hits. In the ionizing process, electrons break away from atoms, giving the atom an electrical charge. When an atom breaks down - either naturally or in a controlled situation like a nuclear-power plant - and it releases waves or particles of energy, it is said to be radioactive. Radioactive elements release five main types of energy: Alpha radiation: positively charged particles that are barely able to penetrate the surface of the skin. It is the least-penetrating kind of radiation, and can be stopped completely by a single sheet of paper. l Heta radiation: More penetrating than alpha radiation, beta particles can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminum. l Gamma radiation: A penetrating radiation that can pass through the human body, but can be stopped by dense materials such as lead or concrete. l 2-2
i l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l ' Radiological Environmental i Operating Report l , Neutron radiation: Produced during the fission process in a nuclear-power plant. l But does not occur when the reactor is shut down. X-ray radiation: Widely used in medical applications, it accounts for the major part of the public's man-made radiation exposure and corresponds to about 20 l percent of the average annual exposure to man. 2.3 Sources ofRadiation 1 Cosmic radiation from space covers the Typical Radiation Exposures carth. Many rocks and minerals give off Millirem annually perindividual small amounts of radiation, including ***8" P" "'""'Y radon gas. Radioactive materials are in E.dNecidfEnerigZT3 the air we breathe, and in the food and Less than 1.0 liquids we eat and drink. The materials CNNNE22 we use to build our homes, schools and businesses also contain radioactive Tele on
, j gggs [.i. igg;7gggg materials. Even our bodies are mildly Mining and farming 2.0 radioactive. Lumped together, these Burning fuels 2.0 things are called background radiation. Water supply 3.0 Building materials 7.0 Radiation .is invisible, but it can be
. . .. EdMedisiPsceda=OZ2 Nuclear medicine 14 measured with special instruments. The Diagnostic x-rays 40 amount of radiation a person receives is ESMU516~nGdE2 Food and water 40 calculated in millirems (mrem). One mrem is quite small. It's the equivalent of *] h viewing color television one hour a day Radon in the air 200 for one year, or spending five days high in the mountains.
On average, a person living in the U.S. receives about 300 to 360 mrem per year from all radiation sources. On the other hand, because of the low elevation and the absence of radioactive geologic formations, a person living within 10 miles of Fermi 2 receives an average of only about 125 mrem per year as measured by environmental TLDs. Natural exposure might come from cosmic radiation, 25-30 mrem per year; food and water,40 mrem; the earth, 28 mrem; the air, 200 mrem; and building materials, 7-10 mrem. Man-made radiation sources include chest x-rays, 40 mrem; a coast-to-coast airplane flight,5 mrem; watching color television,1-10 mrem; or living next to a nuclear power plant,less than 1 mrem. 2-3
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l' Radiological Environmental Operating Report t l 2.4 BiologicalEffects of Radiation l When living tissue is exposed to radiation, the tissue's molecular structure may be disrupted, triggering a chain of events that can destroy living cells, produce chromosomal damage or other injury. On the other hand, the human body evolved in the presence of ! radiation and possesses mechanisms to repair radiation damage. The amount of radiation absorbed per gram of body tissue is expressed in rad (radiation absorbed dose). The unit of measurement used to quantify the expected biological effect from radiation exposure in human soft tissue is rem, or roentgen equivalent man. The effects of radiation on humans can be divided into two categories, somatic and genetic. Somatic effects are those which develop in exposed individuals, including a developing fetus. Genetic effects are those which may be observed in or passed on to offspring of the exposed individual. Somatic effects can be divided further into acute and chronic effects. Acute effects are those that result from high radiation exposures in a short period of time. Chronic effects are those that result from radiation exposure over an extended period of time. Much of our current knowledge of the biological effects of radiation comes from extensive laboratory animal experiments. Under laboratory conditions many crucial variables can be accurately controlled. These include, for example, the total dose, time interval and quality of radiation and characteristics such as age, sex and health status. 1 While laboratory animal experiments serve as valuable models for human studies, there 1 are limitations in drawing conclusions from biological effects observed in irradiated ! animals to potential health effects in humans. Thus, the most relevant studies are.the !' epidemiological surveys that have focused on human populations who received radiation exposure under a variety of conditions. Most of these epidemiological studies involved population groups ranging from several hundred to more than 100,000 individuals. The most important surveys have involved the following groups: Survivors of the Atomic Bomb and Nuclear Weapons Tests - The most intensely studied human populations are the Japanese survivors of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These people were exposed to radiation from the bombs. Studies have also been made of natives of the Marshall Islands who l were accidentally exposed to fallout from nuclear weapons testing in 1954. t l 24 I
M Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report l Medical Radiation - Large doses of radiation were given to treat various health j problems, such as ankylosing spondylitis (spinal impairment), thymus
- enlargement, ringworm of the scalp, postpartum mastitis (breast inflammation) and cancer of the cervix. Routine chest fluoroscopic examination of women being treated for tuberculosis resulted in significant doses to the breast. Children whose mothers were irradiated during pregnancy have also been studied.
a Radium Dial Painters - Workers early in this century ingested radium-containing
- paint during the manufacture of luminous watches, clocks and aircraft instruments 1 through a practice of " tipping" paint brushes with their lips. l i l l Uranium Miners - Early in this century, certain large mines in Europe were I
- worked for pitchblende, a uranium ore.
l Radiolonists - Pioneer medical scientists and physicians using x-rays, unaware of
- the potential hazards, accumulated large radiation doses principally to their hands.
These and other populations, many of whom continue to be studied to add to our current understanding, provide reliable data on health effects resulting from large doses of radiation. Among radiation scientists, there is strong agreement on the health effects and risks associated with large radiation doses (50 - 100 rads). What remains uncertain and controversial is the assessment of potential health effects that may result from small doses of radiation. Since we cannot, at the present time, detect health effects in human populations exposed to low doses of radiation, we must rely on infonnation obtained j from studies in cells, animals and other biological systems. Since some of these studies + indicate that there may be some effect at very low doses, prudent radiation protection ! guidance is based on the assumption that health effects from low doses are proportionate to those that occur at high doses. Some radiation scientists believe that this assumption over-estimates the risks associated with low level radiation exposure. The effects j predicted in this manner have never been actually observed in individuals exposed to low level radiation. Therefore, although no conclusive evidence exist indicating harmful j effects due to low level doses of radiation, it is conservative and appropriate to assume ; risk can be extrapolated from high dose studies. ! Acute effects require radiation doses some thousands of times greater than those received i from natural sources. Generally, a dose of at least 100 rads to the whole body within a
; short time is required to cause even the mildest symptoms. These effects may appear within days or weeks of the exposure. An acute whole-body dose of more than 200 rads, in the absence of medical treatment, may be fatal in about half the individuals exposed.
Thus,it follows that the small amount of radioactivity routinely released from Fermi 2 could not be high enough to cause such effects. 2-5
Fenni2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental l Operating Report l Ilov'ever, even such a large dose given in small amounts over a prolonged period of time allows the body's natural mechanisms to replace or repair damaged cells, as it would l following many injuries. Genetic changes in the sperm or egg cells can result in health effects appearing in future generations. The fertilized egg contains all the genetic information necessary to produce the organs and tissues of a new individual. This information is carried in the cell's ; nucleus in small chromosomes, of which equal numbers are contributed by both parents. ! The chromosomes transmit the genetic information from one generation to the next. ) l The genetic material contained in the cell nucleus can be altered by a large variety of toxic agents, including heat, chemicals, and both natural and man-made radiation. Genetic mutations occur randomly in all plant, animal and human populations and are considered to be the primary mechanism for evolutionary changes in all species. Epidemiological studies have shown that about five percent of all people are affected by a genetically transmitted or spontaneous disease at some time in their lives. Although laboratory studies of mice exposed to large doses of radiation for many generations have shown genetic effects. studies of humans have not yet produced reliable eCdence of effects on man. It is difficult to measure most mutations because they are difficult to observe and are randomly distributed within a population group. Of the 35,000 children born to parents irradiated at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, at an assumed average parental dose being 25,000 to 35,000 millirems (25 to 35 rems), there has been no observable increase in genetic defects. Using all the information available, scientists ' have estimated that about 100,000 millirems (100 rems) to each person in a large ! population would be required to double the genetic mutations occurring naturally in a non-irradiated population. 2.5 Benefits ofNuclear Power Nuclear power plays an important part in meeting today's electridty needs, and will continue to serve as an important source of electric energy well into thef uture. Nuclear power entered the 1980s as an alternative energy source and emerged from the decade as the second largest source of U.S. electricity, meeting almost 20 percent of national demand. Neelear power plants reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil. Currently., the U.S. imports almost half of the oil it uses - at a cost of nearly $1 billion per week. However, nuclear power cuts the deniand for foreign oil by more than 300 million barrels annually. 2-6
Ferrni2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironinental Operating Report Studies show that U.S. economic growth has been fueled largely by electric power. There is a close and continuing connection between the growth of the economy and the supply of electricity. Nuclear energy is an Important contributor to maintaining the U.S.'s economic and industrial strength. As the population grows, the demand for electricity increases. Since 1973, the U.S. I population grew from 212 million to 250 million and electricity demand rose 61 percent. l The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) projects that our need for electricity will increase l 24 percent between 1989 and the year 2000, and 51 percent by 2010. Nuclear power plants will be an important part of meeting that need. j Because nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, they do not emit combustion by-products. l By substituting for other fuels in electricity production, nuclear power has significantly reduced U.S. and global emissions of carbon dioxide, the chief " greenhouse" gas. Since 1973, U.S. nuclear power plants have reduced the cumulative amount of carbon dioxide emissions by 1.6 billion metric tons. In 1993 alone, U.S. nuclear power plants prevented the discharge of 133 million metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere. All methods of producing electricity affect the en,iicncent w some degree, but the impact of nuclear power is minimal. The following sections provide basic information on how electricity is producert by splitting or fissioning atoms. i
)
2.6 Fission As discussed earlier, in the nucles of . na, [O an atom, attractive forces between the protons and neutrons keep the protons g from repelling each other which Neutron assion Free prevents the nucleus from breaking "O **" * "" "' apart. These attractive forces are Atom known as the hinding energy. If the O' ."*"' binding energy is weak enough, the nucleus can be split when bombarded gj,,j,, y,,,,j,, by a free neutron. When the nucleus splits or fissions, two or more smaller atoms, called fission products, form along with the release of more neutrons and energy in the form of heat. The neutrons that are released during the first fission are then available to fissio'n other atoms producing a chain reaction. The first sustained nuclear chain reaction occurred on December 2,1942 by Enrico Fermi. He and 42 other scientists constructed an " atomic pile" or nuclear reactor beneath the University of Chicago athletic stadium. 2-7
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report 2.7 NuclearReactor A nuclear reactor is a device in which a controlled nuclear fission chain reaction takes place. The fission reaction is initiated by the absorption of a neutron in a heavy nucleus such as uranium-235. The process produces additional neutrons that can be used to induce further fissions, thereby propagating the chain reaction. When the reactor components are appropriately adjusted, it is possible for the chain reaction to be self-sustaining. Such a reactor is called " critical." If there are insufficient neutrons being produced to sustain the process, then the reactor is "suberitical." Nuclear reactors are most commonly used to produce electric energy, although they are occasionally used as sources of thermal energy for heating. They are also designed as sources of neutrons used in research or for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. The typical U.S. power reactor is termed a light-water reactor (LWR) because it uses water in the form of H O2 as a moderator and coolant. Another type of power reactor uses a type of water in which the hydrogen has been replaced by deuterium -D2 0- as a moderator; it is called a heavy-water reactor. The design characteristics stem from a set of physical, engineering, and economic constraints. The physical aspects of the design seek to provide the nuclear fuel and other constituents so that a safe and controllable reactor can operate at the desired power level for an extended period of time. The engineering aspects of the design seek to convert the fission energy into a useful form of heat, usually high-pressure steam, to drive a turbine which is connected to an electric generator. The economic aspects of the design seek to optimize the physical and engineering design so as to minimize the cost of energy from the plant The core of a reactor is the region that contains the nuclear fuel. Neutrons from the , fission process are released with relatively high energy. However, the probability of a 1 neutron causing a fission in the fuel nuclei is much larger for low energy neutrons than for high energy neutrons. In order to slow neutrons down, it is common to surround the fuel with a moderator. Neutrons can interact with nuclei much like collisions between hard spheres. The neutron will lose energy most efficiently, i.e., in fewest collisions, if the moderator nuclei are close to the mass of the neutron. Thus, moderators are made from light materials such as hydrogen in water, deuterium in heavy water, or carbon in graphite. The physical arrangement of the fuel and moderator is a major element of reactor physics. 2-8
l l Ferrni2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environenental l Operating Report I The LWR uses H 2O as the moderator and uranium dioxide, UO 2 , as the fuel. The ; fissionable isotope of uranium is U-235, which makes up only 0.7% of natural uranium. l It is not possible to design an LWR that uses natural uranium. In order to increase l neutron production, the U-235 concentration in the fuel is increased. Such fuel is called , " enriched." l Fuel for an LWR has a relatively simple structure. Uranium is pressed into small cylindrical pellets that are stacked in zirconium alloy tubes, referred to as " cladding", that are about 3.05 m (10 ft) in length. The tubes are arranged in a square array called a " fuel assembly". A modern light-water reactor has hundreds of fuel assemblies in its core. Reactor control is achieved by carefully balancing the neutron production rate by fission whh the neutron loss rate. The common process for obtaining control is to adjust the ' amount of neutron absorber in the core. Control materials are placed in i >ds with the same dimcasions as fuel rods and the set of control rods are inserted in the middle of a fuel assembly. The control rods are attached to a drive mechanism that moves the control rods into or out of the core region. A typical set of control rods contains materials that are highly absorbent to neutrons such as silver, indium, boron carbide, and cadmium. The control rods are inserted into the core when reactor shutdown is desired. The rods are also inserted automatically in the event that unexpected conditions are detected. The core, including fuel assemblies, control rods, and moderator, is a very large system. The entire assemblage fits into a thick-walled steel pressure vessel, designed to withstand very high pressures, up to 2,500 psi. For LWRs, water is both the moderator and the coolant, that is, the agent used to remove fission energy from the core and transfer it to th'celectric generating segment of the system. In the U.S. there are two types of light-water reactors used for the generation of electric energy. The most common type of reactor in use is the pressurized water reactor (PWR). I In a PWR plant, the coolant is heated by fission under pressure and then sent via the j primary loop to a steam generator. In the steam generator, the hot water from the reactor ; transfers its heat to the secondary loop. The secondary loop is under low pressure and the l water is transformed into steam, which in turn is fed to turbines to drive a generator. The ; second most common reactor is a boiling water reactor (BWR). In this type of reactor the coolant is permitted to boil within the reactor core. The steam emerging from the core is sent directly to a turbine rather than through a steam generator. Fermi 2 is a boiling water reactor. 2-9
Fermi 2 - l995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report Fermi 2 is a General Electric class 4 BWR with a pressure suppression Mark I containment. Fermi 2 has a generating capacity of approximately 1,100 megawatts at 22,000 volts of electricity. The reactor contains 185 control rods and 764 fuel assemblies. In the Fermi 2 BWR system, water is boiled within the reactor pressure vessel, producing < aturated steam that passes through internal steam separators and dryers before continuing directly to the turbine. As the steam strikes the turbine blades, it spins both the turbine shaft and the generator rotor. As the rotor turns,it passes through a magnetic field which transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The steam is then transformed back into water in the condenser and pumped back to the reactor vessel to start the heating process all over again. The cooling water has a separate cycle of its own. It is pumped from a 30-million gallon water reservoir to the : ondenser. The cool water passes through the condenser which removes the heat from the steam and is then pumped to the cooling towers. The coo'ing towers use natural convection to return the water to its original temperature. The water is then pumped into the reservoir to repeat the cycle. Since the cooling water does not come in direct contact with the steam from the reactor, the water in the reservoir and cooling towers is not radioactive. Figure 2-1 illustrates the basic plant schematic for Fermi 2. 2.8 Reactor Safety Equipment As the reactor operates, a large inventory of radioactive isotopes accumulates in plant systems and represents a potential hazard. Any accident releasing a sizable portion of these materials would be very serious--as demonstrated by the Chernobyl accident. A fundamental objective of nuclear reactor design is to prevent accidents that could allow the escape of radioactivity. In order for fission products to reach the environment several barriers must be overcome. For an LWR, the first bar:ier is the fuel cladding that contains the fuel as well as the fission fragments. The cladding material is a high-strength alloy of zirconium capable of withstanding high pressures and high temperatures, well beyond normal reactor conditions. The second barrier is the pressure vessel, which is exceedingly strong. The third barrier is the containment building, which is a large, reinforced concrete building designed to withstand substantial pressure. 2-10
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report In order for any barrier to be breached, the system must first become overheated. There are two possible ways for this to occur. The first is for the fission rate to grow too rapidly for the coolant to remove all of the energy being created. The second is for the coolait system to fail and lose the ability to cool the fuel. Excessive fission energy production is monitored by numerous sensors throughout the core region; if they detect a rapid rate of increase in the fission process, the control rods are automatically inserted into the core to absorb the neutrons and this shuts down the reactor. There is another important design element that protects against the possibility of an uncontrolled chain reaction. The heating up of a local region of the reactor would cause the nearby cooling water to boil, thereby reducing the water density through the creation of bubbles, or voids. It is a safety requirement of U.S. reactors that creation of coolant voids must, by itself, reduce the fission rate. The water space that surrounds a fuel rod is carefully designed so that a void reduces neutron moderation and hence reduces the fission rate. This property is not required in the Soviet Union and is a fundamental reason for the Chernobyl accident. The basic design of LWRs makes them safe against an uncontrolled chain reaction. Ret. tu design inherently limits positive reactivity, but an excursion is possible if multiple failuin occur. The design of safety systems begins by hypothesizing a number of different failures and then developing systems to mitigate the consequences of these failures. Such failures are known as design basis accidents. In order to obtain a license, a plant must show it is protected against the class of design basis accidents. The broad areas of concern include accidents within the plant as well as accidents involving the handling of radioactive spent fuel. Initiating events must include hardware failures, operator failures, and external events such as tornadoes. One of the more important design basis accidents is the loss of coolant accident, or LOCA. The fission process itself ceases if a reactor loses its cooling water because the reactor goes suberitical. Ilowever, the fuel continues to heat up due to the stored thermal energy as well as from the decay heat of radioactive fission products. Without any coolant the cladding heats up and ultimately melts. Multiple safety systems have been designed and installed in all U.S. plants to prevent the clad from overheating by providing emergency cooling water. Such systems are collectively known as emergency core cooling systems, or ECCS. All such systems have multiple pathways for introducing water into the vessel under high-pressure or low-pressure conditions. 1 2-11
Fermi 2 Nuclear Power Plant Basic Plant Schematic Figure 2-1 1RRRF- =' M9Mm me-1, r Turbines
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k Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual } Radiological Environmental Operating Report l Radiological Environmental Monitoring i Program l l 3
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmento! Operating Rept rt
- 3. Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Tb purpose of the Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP) is to assess the etvironmental impact of operating Fermi 2 and is designed to measure radiation exposere to the public. This program also provides the verification of the effluent monitaring program results during routine operation of the plant and serves as an in-place sampling network in the event of an accidental release. Monitoring stations are placed at ;
pre-determined locations which measure the radiological impact of operating the plant. Exposure to the public can occur through direct pathways such as inhalation or immersion, or indirectly through the food chain. These exposure pathways are monitored by the use of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), and by the collection of air, milk, grass, garden produce, water, fish, and sediment samples. Figure 3-1 illustrates these ! exposure pathways. Direct exposure by inhalation or immersion is measured both by TLDs and by collection of air samples. TLDs continuously monitor the environment and provide a direct measurement of ambient gamma radiation levels. The locations of both the TLD and air i sampling sites were chosen with respect to the meteorology and population distribution around Fermi 2. Air semples are collected through a particulate filter and an activated charcoal filter usinF continuous air samplers. The particulate filters are analyzed individually for gross beta activity and composited for gamma spectrum analysis. The charcoal filters are analyzed for iodine-131. Indirect exposure can result due to radionuclides entering the food chain through atmospheric or liquid discharges from the plant. Radionuclides released to the atmosphere, such as 1-131. may be deposited on agricultural land and then ingested by dairy cows or goats, and potentially concentrating in the animals' milk. Radionuclides may also become incorporated in garden produce such as green leafy vegetables. Monitoring for radionuclides due to liquid discharges includes collection of surface and drinking water, fish, and sediment samples. These samples are collected upstream of the plant discharge, as a control location, and at the discharge and downstream of the discharge, as an indicator location. Fish are sampled semiannually and the species ce!!ected correspond to those that may be consumed by the local population. Fish are good indicators because, high in the food chain, they tend to concentrate radionuclides by ingestion and provide an effective mechanism for integrating the variable concentrations of radionuclides in the water over utended periods. 3-1
I l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental l Operating Report Sediment samples are also collected semiannually. Sediment,in the vicinity of the liquid radwaste discharge, represents the most likely site for accumulation of radionuclides in the aquatic environment and, with long-lived radionuclides, a gradual increase in radioactivity concentration is expected over time, if discharges occur. Sediments provide , a long-term indication of change which is useful, even though it is not part of the food I chain resulting in dose to humans. I 3.1 Preoperational Program All nuclear power plants are required by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to i conduct radiological environmental monitoring before construction of a facility. This l preoperational program at Fermi 2 was aimed at collecting data needed to identify critical pathways, and determine the preexisting levels of radiation and radioactive products occurring naturally and from man-made sources in the vicinity of the plant. Fermi 2 began its preoperational program seven years (1978) before the reactor began operating in 1985. The data accumulated during those years established a baseline with which to compare operational data. The program consisted of monitoring air, drinking water, surface water, lake sediments, milk, vegetables, fish, and direct radiation in the environment in the vicinity of Fermi 2. The elements that made up the preoperational monitoring program are still in effect today in the operational program. l 3.2 Operational Program The preoperational program became the operational program in June of 1985 when initial criticality was achieved for the Fermi 2 reactor. The sampling and analysis program in the operational phase monitors direct radiation, radioactivity in the air, lake water and sediments, drinking water, groundwater, cow and goat milk, and local garden vegetables. 3-2
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Ferrni2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Enviremmental Operating Report Direct Radiation Monitoring l l I
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report p
- 4. Direct Radiation Monitoring Radiation is a normal component of the environment resulting primarily from natural sources, such as cosmic radiation and naturally occurring radionuclides; and to a lesser extent, from manmade sources such as fallout from past nuclear weapons testing. The earth is constantly bombarded by cosmic radiation in the form of high energy gamma rays ,
and particulates. The earth's crust also contains natural radioactivity material, such as uranium and potassium-40, which contributes to the background radiation. Direct radiation monitoring primarily measures ionizing radiation from cosmic and terrestrial sources. Detroit Edison uses thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) to measure direct gamma radiation in the environs of Fermi 2. Environmental TLDs supplied by Tcledyne/ Brown Engineering are presently being used to measure direct radiation. These TLDs are 25% by weight Calcium Sulfate encased in TeDon. The TLDs are thoroughly tested to comply with NRC Regulatory Guide 4.13 and American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) publication N545-1975, which assure accurate measurements under varying environmental conditions before being placed in the field. Indicator TLDs are located within an approximate ten mile radius of the plant and control TLDs are generally located greater than ten miles. While in the field, these TLDs are exposed to background radiation and, if measurable, gaseous effluents and direct radiation from Fermi 2. Environmental TLDs are exchanged and processed on a quarterly basis. The TLDs' data are reported in terms of milliroentgen per standard quarter (mR/std qtr), a standard quarter being 91.3 days. Regardless of the duration of TLD exposure in the field, the data have been normalized to a standard quarter to allow convenient intercomparisons with the net value. l The average exposure for indicator and control TLDs during the preoperational program was 17.3 mR/std qtr and 17.6 mR/std qtr, respectively. The annual average exposure for indicator TLDs ranged from 13.6 mR/std qtr to 21.0 mR/std qtr. The annual average exposure for control TLDs ranged from 15.5 mR/std qtr to 21.9 mR/std qtr. From 1985 to 1994, the average exposure for indicator and control TLDs was 15.6 mR/std qtr and 16.1 mR/std qtr, respectively. The annual average exposure for indicator TLDs ranged from 13.6 mR/std qtr to 20.3 mR/std qtr. The annual average exposure for control TLDs ranged from 13.4 mR/std qtr to 22.2 mR/std gtr. As Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2 illustrate, the operational period from 1985 to 1994 was consistent with the preoperational program 4-1
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental , Operating Report l l l In 1995, the TLD monitoring program included sixty-seven (67) TLDs. The indicator l TLDs had an average exposure of 15.7 mR/sto qtr and ranged from 7.7 to 28.7 mR/std qtr. The control TLDs had an average exposure of 15.2 mR/std qtr and ranged from 13.9 l to 17.7 mR/std qtr. Figure 4-1 shows a graphical comparison of preoperational, prior l operational, and 1995 TLD exposure. The broader range for 1995 is due to seasonal l variations, while the ranges for the preoperational and prior operational data are based on annual averages. As Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2 illustrate, the average exposure for indicator and control TLDs is consistent with previous years, including preoperational years and show no impact from direct radiation on the environment. Table 4-1 shows the average 1995 TLD exposure fo each meteorological sector at specified distances from the Fermi 2 reactor. The blank cells in Table 4-1 represent areas that are over Lake Erie, or areas that are least likely to be affected by the operation of the ! plant based on meteorological data. l l i 1995 Average TLD Exposure by Meteorological Sector and Distance From Fermi 2 Reactor (mR/std gir) Table 41 l Sector J< 2 mi. 2 to 5 mi. 5 to 10 mi. ~ > 10 mi. N 13.2 16.7 15.0 NNE 15.5 14.6 NE 17.4 ENE 14.9 E 14.8 ESE 17.4 SE 18.8 SSE 19.2 S 15.4 SSW 15.8 SW 13.8 15.7 14.9 WSW 17.8 15.7 14.4 15.8 i W 17.0 16.2 15.I l WNW l 5.2 15.9 15.3 l NW l5. I 14.8 14.7 I NNW 15.3 16.4 13.8 Average '15.9- 15.9 - 14.8 : 15.2-i 4-2
l l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report i l For 1995, direct radiation measurements were taken at 67 locations using thermo- I luminescent dosimeters (TLD). The average quarterly exposure was 15.7 mR/ standard quarter for indicating locations. This average exposure is equivalent to the ambient radiation levels measured prior to the operation of Fermi 2. In coiselusion, the TLD data is consistent with preoperational and prior operational data and shows no adverse long-term trends in ambient radiation levels attributable to Fermi 2. ; Fermi 2 TLD Gamma Exposure Historical Averages and Ranges I 32.0 . Preoperational Operational 1995 l 1978- 1984 1985 - 1994 ,, 27.0 l w
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Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Atmospheric Monitoring
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
- 5. Atmospheric Monitoring A potential exposure pathway to humans is inhalation of airborne radioactive materials.
Detroit Edison continuously samples the ambient air surrounding Fermi 2 for radioactivity. Air sampling began in 1979, during the preoperational program. At each sampling location, a mechanical air sampler is used to draw a continuous volume of air through two filters designed to collect particulates and radiciodines. Air samples are collected weekly and analyzed for gross beta and iodine-131 activities. The particulate filters for each sampling location are combined on a quarterly basis to form a " composite sample" and are analyzed for strontium-89/90 and gamma emitting isotopes. There are four indicator sampling locations which were selected based on an evaluation of the predominant wind directions. A fifth sampling location is approximately 14 miles west ; of the plant and is considered to be a control location unaffected by the operation of the plant. l 5.1 Air Sampling During the preoperational program, excluding the year 1981, the average gross beta for . indicator air samples was 2.62E-2 pCi/ cubic meter and ranged from 2.00E-2 to 4.00E-2 l pCi/ cubic meter. The average gross beta for the control samples was 2.50E-2 pCi/ cubic meter and ranged from 1.90E-2 to 3.50E-2 pCi/ cubic meter. In late 1980, the Peoples Republic of China conducted an atmospheric nuclear weapon , test. The fallout from this test was detected in Fermi 2 environmental air samples in l i 1981 (see Figure 5-2). The average gross beta for 1981 was 1.60E-1 pCi/ cubic meter for indicator samples and 2.40E-1 pCi/ cubic meter for control samples. Gamma spectroscopic analyses of the particulate filters indicated cesium-137, cerium-141, cerium-144, ruthenium-103, ruthenium-106, zirconium-95, niobium-95, manganese-54, and antimony-125 in the atmosphere as a result of this test. From 1985 to 1994 the average gross beta for indicator samples was 2.24E-2 pCi/ cubic meter and ranged from 2.00E-2 pCi/ cubic meter to 2.50E-2 pCi/ cubic meter. The average gross beta for the control samples was 2.22E-2 pCi/ cubic meter and ranged from 2.00E-2 pCi/ cubic meter to 2.50E-2 pCi/ cubic meter. In 1986, as shown in Figure 5-2, there was a slight increase in gross beta activity and a 2.70E-1 pCi/ cubic meter " spike" in the iodine-131 activity. These elevated levels in 1986 are attributed to the nuclear accident at Chernobyl (USSR) on April 26,1986. For all other years, the iodine-131 activity was below the LLD of 7.0E-2 pCi/ cubic meter. For the operational period from 1985 to 1994, excluding 1986, the air sampling data is consistent with preoperational data. Figure 5-1 shows a graphical comparison between preoperational and operational gross beta activity. 5-1
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report During 1995, two hundred and fifty-nine (259) particulate air filters were collected and analyzed for gross beta activity and two hundred and fifty-nine (259) charcoal filters were collected and analyzed for iodine-131. The average gross beta for indicator samples was 2.59E-2 pCi/ cubic meter and ranged from 1.40E-2 to 4.70E-2 pCi/ cubic meter. The average gross beta for control samples was 2.61E-2 pCi/ cubic meter and ranged from 1.50E-2 to 4.30E-2 pCi/ cubic meter. The following table contains the annual average gross beta results of all five sample locations for 1995. 1995 Average Gross Beta Concen*. rations in Air Particulates (pCi/m3) Station : Description ^ (sector / distance) ' L Annual Average - API-l (I) Estral Beach (NE/1.4 mi.) 2.52E-2 API-2 (I) Site Boundary (NNW/0.6 mi.) 2.63E-2 API-3 (I) Site Boundary (NW/0.6 mi.) 2.56E-2 API-4 (C) North Custer Rd. (W/14 mi.) 2.61 E-2 API-5 (1) Eric St. (S/1.2 mi.) 2.65E-2 Table 5-1 (I) = Indicator Station (C) = Control Station The air particulate gross beta activity for each sampling period is shown in Figure 5-3. , As the graph indicates, gross beta activity varies throughout the year. This variation is a : common yearly trend and is primarily an effect of seasonal precipitation. However, wind patterns, dust loading .md pollen can affect the gross beta activity. None of the charcoal filters collected showed detectable levels of iodine-131. Twenty (20) quarterly particulate filter composites were prepared and analyzed for strontium-89/90 and gamma emitting isotopes. Only naturally occurring potassium-40 and beryllium-7 were detected in these j samples. For 1995, the air sampling data is consistent with prior operational data and i preoperational data. Figure 5-1 shows a graphical comparison of preoperational, prior operational, and 1995 average gross beta activity. The broader range for 1995 is due to seasonal variations, while the ranges for the preoperational and prior operational data are based on annual averages. Atmospheric monitoring results for 1995 showed only naturally occurring radioactivity and were consistent with levels measured prior to the operation of Fermi 2. No radioactivity attributable to activities at Fermi 2 was detected in any atmospheric samples during 1995. In conclusion, the atmospheric monitoring data is consistent with , preoperational and prior operational data and shows no adverse long-term trends in the environment, as illustrated in Figures 5-1 and 5-2. attributable to Fermi 2. 5-2
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Ferrni 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Terrestrail Monitoring e l l 1
Fermi 2 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental i Operating Report
- 6. Terrestrial Monitoring Radionuclides released to the atmosphere may deposit on soil and vegetation, and i therefore, may eventually be incorporated into the human food chain. To assess the l impact of Fermi 2 operations to humans from the ingestion pathway, primary food
- product samples such as milk, grass and green leafy vegetables are collected and analyzed for radioactivity. The following sections discuss the type and frequency of terrestrial
; sampling, analyses performed, and a comparison of 1995 data to previous operational and '
- preoperational data.
6.1 Milk Sampling 1 The milk sampling portion of the REMP is perhaps the most important aspect of the program. This is because a major radiation exposure pathway to the public can 'oe the l consumption of milk from local grazing animals (dairy cows or goats) due to biological 4 concentration and the short turn around time in this pathway. Milk is collected from one indicator location and one control location semimonthly when animals are in the pasture, and monthly at other times. The milk is analyzed for iodine-131, ganuna emitting i isotopes, and strontium-89/90. l i Milk sampling began in 1979 during the preoperational program. During this time l period, milk samples were only analyzed for iodine-131 and gamma emitting isotopes. l From 1979 to 1984, cesium-137 and naturally occurring potassium-40 were the only 1 isotopes detected in milk samples. The cesium-137 concentration averaged 3.60E+0 pCi/ liter and is due to past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. During the operational period between 1985 and 1987, milk samples were only analyzed for iodine-131 and gamma emitting isotopes. In 1986, after the nuclear accident at Chernobyl (USSR) iodine-131 and cesium-137 were detected in both indicator and control milk samples. The average concentrttion for iodine-131 was 3.70E+0 pCi/ liter and 6.60E+0 pCi/ liter for cesium-137 in 1986. The analysis for strontium-89/90 began in 1988,~and strontium-90 is routinely detected in both indicator and control milk samples because of past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Since 1988, the average concentration for strontium-90 has been 2.16E+0 pCi/ liter. Naturally occurring potassium-40 was also detected in milk samples during this operational period. For the operational period from 1985 to 1994, excluding 1986, the milk sample data is consistent with the preoperational data. 6-1
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report During the 1995, thirty six (36) cow milk samples and eleven (11) goat milk samples > were collected and analyzed for iodine-131, gamma emitting isotopes, and strontium-89/90. No iodine-131 was detected in any of the samples. Strontium-90 was detected in both indicator and control milk samples and is due to fallout from past atmospheric . weapons testing. The indicator samples had an average strontium-90 concentration of , 1.56E+0 pCi/l and ranged from 8.90E-1 pCi/l to 3.20E+0 pCi/1. The control samples had an average strontium-90 concentration of 1.23E+0 pCi/l and ranged from 8.50E-1 pCi/l to 2.20E+0 pCi/1. Naturally occurring potassium-40 was detected in both indicator and control samples. For 1995, the milk sampling data is consistent with prior operational data and preoperational data. In 1970, the concentration of strontium-90 in Monroe County milk was 6.00E+0 pCi/ liter , according to the Michigan Department of Health's " Milk Surveillance", Radiation Data and Reports, Vol. Il-15,1970-1974. Figure 6-1 show s the calculated radiological decay curve for the 1970 concentration of strontium-90 and the average concentrations since 1988. Figure 6-1 illustrates that the inventory of strontium-90 in the local environment is decreasing with time and closely follows the calculated decay curve. This supports the rationale that the inventory of strontium-90 in the environment is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Historical Strontium-90 Concentrations ; in Milk Samples 6.0 - - 6 g5.0- 1 Q4.0- .
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Ferrni 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report 6.2 Grass Sampling At times when milk samples are not available, grass samples are collected at both the control milk sample location and the location where milk is not available. This has occurred in the past when the owners of a dairy animal have declined to participate in the REMP program or when an animal temporarily stops producing milk, as is the case for this year. Grass samples are analyzed for iodine-131 and gamma emitting isotopes. Grass sampling began in 1985 in the operational program. In 1986, after the nuclear accident at Chernobyl (USSR), iodine-131, cesium-134, and cesium-137 were detected in both indicator and control grass samples. Also during the operational period between 1985 and 1991, naturally occurring potassium-40 and beryllium-7 was detected in both indicator and control samples. Cesium-137 was also detected in both indicator and control samples at an average concentration of 5.50E+0 pCi/kg during the operational program. This cesium activity is attributed to fallout from past atmospheric weapons testing and to the nuclear accident at Chernobyl. During 1995, six (6) grass samples were collected and analyzed for iodine-131 and gamma emitting isotopes. Only naturally occurring potassium-40 and beryllium-7 were detected in these grass samples. For 1995, the grass sample data are consistent with previous years. l 6.3 Garden Sampling Fermi 2 collects samples of broad leaf vegetables from indicator locations identified by the Annual Land Use Census. Samples are also collected at a control location that is at a distance and direction which is considered to be unaffected by plant operations. Samples , are collected once a month during the growing season (June through September) and are analyzed for iodine-131 and gamma emitting isotopes. Vegetable sampling started in 1982. During the preoperational program, only naturally occurring potassium-40 was detected in both indicator and control vegetable samples. During the operational period from 1985 to 1990, only naturally occurring potassium-40 was detected in both indicator and control vegetable samples. However, in 1991,1992, and 1993 cesium-137 was detected in one indicator sample each year and had an average concentration of 1.2E+1 pCi/kg. With the exception of the cesium-137 activity, the operational period from 1985 to 1993 was consistent the preoperational program. 6-3
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report 1 l l Cesium-137 may become incorporated into plants by either uptake from the soil or direct i deposition on foliar surfaces. Since cesium-137 has never been detected in any gaseous effluent sample from Fermi 2, and there has been no recent atmospheric weapons testing or nuclear accidents, the incorporation of cesium-137 by direct deposition is highly unlikely. The most probable source of cesium-137 in vegetable samples is the uptake of previously deposited cesium-137, which has leached into the soil. This cesium activity is attributed to fallout from past atmospheric weapons testing and to the nuclear accident at Chernobyl (USSR). During 1995, thirteen (13) vegetable samples were collected and analyzed for iodine-131 and gamma emitting isotopes. No iodine-131 was detected in vegetable samples during 1995. Naturally occurring potassium-40 and beryllium-7 were detected in both indicator and control vegetable samples. One indicator sample showed detectable activity for naturally occurring thorium-228. For 1995, the vegetable sample data is consistent with prior operational data and preoperational data. Terrestrial monitoring results for 1995 of milk, grass, and leafy garden vegetable samples, showed only naturally occurring radioactivity, and radioactivity associated with fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. The radioactivity levels detected were consistent with levels measured prior to the operation of Fermi 2. No radioactivity attributable to activities at Fermi 2 was detected in any terrestrial samples during 1995. In conclusion, the terrestrial monitoring data show no adverse long-term trends in the terrestrial environment. 1 J 6-4 i
l ) l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Aquatic Monitoring ! i l I 4
1 1 Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
- 7. Aquatic Monitoring 1
Lake Erie, on which Fermi 2 borders, is used as a source for drinking water, as well as for I recreational activitics such as fishing, swimming, sunbathing, and boating. For this I reason, Lake Erie and its tributaries are extensively monitored for radioactivity. The aquatic monitoring portion of the REMP consists of sampling raw municipal drinking water, surface water, groundwater, lake sediments, and fish for the presence of radioactivity due to the operation of Fermi 2. The following sections discuss the type and frequency of aquatic sampling, analyses performed, a comparison of 1995 data to previous operational and preoperational data, and the significance of these findings. 7.1 Drinking Water Sampling Detroit Edison monitors drinking water at one control location and two indicator locations using automatic compositing samplers. Indicator water samples are obtained at the Monroe water intake located approximately 1.1 miles south of the plant and at the Fermi i potable water plant located approximately 0.3 miles south southeast of the plant. Detroit municipal water is used for the control samples and is obtained at the Allen Park water intak.e located approximately 18.6 miles north of the plant. The automatic samplers collect sample aliquots at time intervals that are very short (hourly) relative to the compositing period (monthly) in order to assure that a representative sample is obtained. Drinking water samples are collected on a monthly basis and analyzed for gross beta, strontium-89/90, and gamma emitting isotopes. The monthly samples for each location are combined on a quarterly basis to form a composite sample which is then analyzed for tritium activity. Drinking water sampling was initiated in 1979, and samples were analyzed for gross beta, gamma emitting isotopes, and tritium as part of the preoperational program. The average annual gross beta for indicator drinking water samples, excluding 1981, was 3.40E+0 pCi/ liter and ranged from 2.10E+0 to 4.30E+0 pCi/ liter. The average annual gross beta for coetrol drinking water samples during this time period was 3.47E+0 pCi/ liter and ranged from 2.90E+0 to 4.50E+0 pCi/ liter. In 1980 and 1983, cesium-137 was detected in driaking water samples at levels ranging from 5.40E+0 pCi/ liter to 1.90E+1 pCi/ liter. Tritium was also detected during the preoperational program and had an annual average of 3.25E+2 pCi/ liter and ranged from 2.60E+2 to 4.50E+2 pCi/ liter. The presence of cesium-137 and detectable levels of tritium in these water samples is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing and naturally occurring tritium. 7-1
Ferini 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental l Operating Report l In 1981, as shown in Figure 7-2, the average gross beta was 9.80E+0 pCi/ liter for ! indicator water samples. This anomalous gross beta activity is a direct result of an l atmospheric nuclear weapon test conducted by the Peoples Republic of China in late 1980. Figure 7-2 also shows that, except for the Chinese weapons testing, the historic drinking water sample data is below the lower limit of detection (4 pCi/ liter) required by US Environmental Protection Agency's National Interim Primary Drinking Water regulations. Even during the Chinese weapons testing, the drinking water samples did not exceed the USEPA's maximum allowable criteria of 5.00E+1 pCi/ liter gross beta. From 1985 to 1994, the average annual gross beta activity for indicator drinking water samples was 3.05E+0 pCi/ liter and ranged from 2.40E+0 to 3.90E+0 pCi/ liter. The average annual gross beta for control drinking water samples was 2.62E+0 pCi/ liter and ranged from 1.90E+0 to 3.30E+0 pCi/ liter. Figure 7-1 compares the average gross beta concentrations and ranges for the preoperational and operational programs. The analysis for strontium-89/90 began in 1988 and strontium-90 has been detected in both indicator and control samples. The average annual strontium-90 activity for indicator samples was 7.30E-1 pCi/ liter and ranged from 4.80E-1 to 1.20E+0 pCi/ liter. The average annual strontium-90 activity for control samples was 7.60E-1 pCi/ liter and ranged from 7.10E-1 to 8.00E-1 pCi/ liter. Tritium was also detected in both indicator and control drinking water samples during this time period. The average annual tritium activity for indicator samples was 2.83E+2 pCi/ liter and ranged from 2.20E+2 to 3.90E+2 pCi/ liter. The average annual tritium activity for control samples was 3.00E+2 pCi/ liter and ranged from 2.70E+2 to 3.40E+2 pCi/ liter. The presence of strontium-90 and detectable levels of tritium in these water samples is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing and naturally occurring tritium. For the operational period from 1985 to 1994, the drinking water sample data is consistent with the preoperational data. In 1995, thirty-one (31) drinking water samples were collected and analyzed for gross beta, gamma emitting isotopes, strontium-89/90, and tritium. The average annual gross beta for indicator samples was 3.99E+0 and ranged from 2.00E+0 to 9.40E+0 pCi/ liter. The average annual gross beta for control samples was 2.29E+0 pCi/ liter and ranged from 1.80E+0 to 7.30E+0 pCi/ liter. Figure 7-1 graphically compares the average gross beta concentrations and ranges for the preoperational, operational and 1995 data. The broader range for 1995 is due to seasonal variations, while the ranges for the preoperational and prior operational data are based on annual averages. No gamma emitting isotopes or strontium-89/90 activity was detected in drinking water samples during 1995. Ten (10) quarterly composite drinking water samples were prepared and analyzed for tritium. One indicator sample showed detectable activity for tritium at 2.30E+2 pCi/ liter. For 1995, the drinking water sample data is consistent with prior operational data and preoperational data. l 7-2
Fermi 2 1995 Annual l Radiological Environmental Operating Report l l l ! Drinking Water Gross Beta Concentrations Historical Averages and Ranges l 1,00E + 1 , 1995 l
, 8.00E+0 -- i s - \
- Preoperational Operational l
@ 6.00E+0 -
4 i
- 4 .00E+0 - - ~ e g . .'
- =
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l l m Average - Maximum - Minimum l l Figure 7-1 1 1 1 i 1 IEstorical Csoss Beta Concentertion i in&'rsking Water Sarrqies l 1 l I \ l 3,y+3 4 Odnese Weipms Testing y -- i D 8.00E40 -
@4 6.00e 0 - / 1 % e 4 - - -
k g_yg . j 21rr+0- _.e / 'N N *ctst=I"83ID $5IC$'"'+ l 0.00E4 i l . l ; , +--+ , RR85 a a a a E23$8E8% a a a a a a a a
~
Year 4 l-e-Indcator + Control EPAllDl Figure 7-2 7-3
I i l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report 1 7.2 Surface Water Sampling Detroit Edison monitors surface water at two locations using automatic composite i samplers. As with drinking water, surface water aliquots are collected at time intervals I that are very short (hourly) relative to the compositing period (monthly) in order to assure j obtaining a representative sample. Indicator surface water samples are obtained at the < Fe mi 2 General Service Water building, located approximately 0.3 miles south southeast from Fermi 2. The control surface water samples are obtained from Trenton Channel Power Plant's cooling water intake on the Detroit River which is approximately 11.7 ) miles north north cast of Fermi 2. Surface water samples are collected on a monthly basis and analyzed for strontium-89/90 and gamma emitting isotopes. The monthly samples for each location are combined on a quarterly basis to form a quarterly composite sample and are analyzed for tritium. i l 1 Surface water sampling began in 1979 and the samples were analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes, nnd tritium. During this preoperational program no gamma emitting isotopes, except for naturally occurring potassium-40, were detected. Tritium was detected in both indicator and control samples during this time period and had an annual average of 3.15E+2 pCi/ liter and ranged from 2.20E+2 to 4.10E+2 pCi/ liter. This tritium activity represents the background concentration due to naturally occurring tritium and tritium produced during past thermonuclear weapons testing. From 1985 to 1994, as part of the operational program, surface water samples were l analyzed for gsmir.a emitting isotopes and tritium. The analysis for strontium did not begin until 1988, and strontium-90 was detected in both indicator and control samples. The average strontium-90 concentration for this time period was 1.13E+0 pCi/ liter and ranged from 5.30E-1 to 2.40E+0 pCi/ liter. In 1990, two indicator samples showed detectable activity for cesium-137 at an average concentration of 1.20E+1 pCi/ liter and ranged from 9.70E+0 to 1.50E+1 pCi/ liter. The presence of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in these water samples is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Tritium was also detected in surface water samples during this time period at a concentration of 2.33E+2 pCi/ liter and ranged from 1.60E+2 to 3.10E+2 pCi/ liter. This tritium activity is consistent with background levels measured during the preoperational I program. I 1 1 i 7-4
r Fermi 2 - l995 Annual l Radiological Environmental l Operating Report In 1995, thirty (30) surface water samples were collected and analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes and strontium-89/90. From the thirty monthly samples, eight (8) quarterly composite samples were prepared and analyzed for tritium. During 1995, no gamma emitting isotopes, except for naturally occurring potassium-40, were detected. l Tritium was detected in one control sample at a concentration of 2.40E+2 pCi/ liter. This tritium activity is consistent with background levels measured during the preoperational l program. For 1995, the surface water sampling data is consistent with prior operational l data and preoperational data. 1 7.3 Groundwater Sampling , All municipal water supplies within 25 miles of Fermi 2 are from streams or lakes. In l areas not served by municipal water systems, water supplies for domestic use are generally obtained from private wells. These wells penetrate aquifers composed of glacial drift deposits or soluble limestone and dolomite formations. The water is highly mineralized and contains significant amounts of sulfate and hydrogen sulfide. The l network of private wells presently in use forms the source of water for domestic and l livestock purposes in farms and homes west and north of the site. However, with the l construction of new water plants and distribution systems, the water use trend in the area l is from groundwater to surface water. The subsurface hydrology of the local area is such that the groundwater gradient is to the cast toward Lake Erie. To verify that a reversal of the groundwater gradient has not occurred, the water level of each well is measured once a month. l I i Groundwater is collected on a quarterly basis from four wells surrounding Fermi 2. The
- groundwater is analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes and tritium. Sampling location
- GW-4 which is located approximately 0.6 miles west north west is designated as the i
control location because it is up-gradient and is least likely to be affected by the operation of the plant. The other three sampling locations are down-gradient from Fermi 2 and designated as indicator locations. Groundwater sampling began in 1987, during the operational period of the REMP program. From 1987 to 1989 no radioactivity was detected in groundwater samples. In 1990, one control sample had an activity of 7.71E+0 pCi/ liter for cesium-137 and one l indicator sample had a tritium activity of 9.90E+1 pCi/ liter. The presence of cesium-137 in the 1990 control water saniple is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons
~
testing leaching into the soil and becoming incorporated into the groundwater. The tritium activity in the 1990 indicator sample is consistent with background surface water levels measured during the surface water preoperational program. 7-5 l
I I Fermi 2 - l995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Comparing past surface water sampling to groundwater samples is plausible, since surface water recharges groundwater. From 1991 to 1994, only naturally occurring potassium-40 was detected in groundwater samples. In 1995, sixteen (16) groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes and tritium. Tritium was detected in one control sample at a concentration of 2.00E+2 pCi/ liter. For 1995, the groundwater sample data is consistent with past operational data. 7.4 Sediment Sampling Sediments often act as a sink (temporary or permanent) for radionuclides, but they may also become a source, as when they are resuspended during periods of increased turbulence or are dredged and deposited elsewhere. Sediment,in the vicinity of the liquid discharge point, represents the most likely site for accumulation of radionuclides in the aquatic environment and, with long-lived radionuclides, a gradual increase in radioactivity concentration would be expected over time if discharges occur. Sediment, therefore, provides a long-term indication of change that may appear in other sample media (i.e., water and fish samples). Lake Erie shoreline and bottom sediments from five locations are collected on a semiannual basis and are analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes and strontium-89/90. There is one control location and four indicator locations. The control sample is collected near the Trenton Channel Power Plant's cooling water intake. The indicator samples are collected at Estral Beach, near the Fermi 2 liquid discharge area, the shoreline at the end of Pointe Aux Peaux, and Indian Trails Community Beach. During the preoperational program there was not a control location, and indicator samples were analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes. During the preoperational program, except for naturally occurring isotopes, only cesium-137 was detected in sediment samples. For this time period the average cesium-137 concentration was 3.27E+2 pCi/kg and ranged from 5.00E+1 to 6.60E+2 pCi/kg. The presence of cesium-137 in these sediment samples
- is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.
l From 1985 to 1994, cesium-137, strontium-90, and naturally occurring isotopes were l detected in sediment samples. The average cesium-137 concentration for indicator l samples was 1.64E+2 pCi/kg and ranged from 2.60E+1 to 3.60E+2 pCi/kg. The control sample had an average cesium-137 concentration of 1.32E+2 pCi/kg for this time period and ranged from 1.00E+2 to 1.80E+2 pCi/kg. 7-6
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental I Operating Report 1 l The analysis for strontium-89/90 began in 1988, and strontium-90 has been routinely L detected at similar concentrations in both indicator and control samples. The average . strontium-90 activity for indicator samples was 8.42E+1 pCi/kg and ranged from - 2.80E+1 to 1.59E+2 pCi/kg The average strontium-90 activity for control samples was , 1.98E+2 pCi/kg and ranged from 5.30E+1 to 3.08E+2 pCi/kg. The presence of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in these sediment samples is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. In 1990 and 1991, the Spring samples taken at the Fermi 2 liquid discharge line (Location S-2) showed activity for plant related isotopes (manganese-54, cobalt-58, cobalt-60, and zine-65) and was determined to be a result of liquid efuuent from Fermi 2. The sample results were well below any regulatory reporting limits and were consistent with the , activity released from the plant in liquid effluents and the dose impact was negligible. i In 1995, ten (10) sediment samples were collected and analyzed for gamma emitting , isotopes and strontium 89/90. Strontium-90 was detected in two indicator sediment l samples with an average concentration of 7.90E+1 pCi/kg. and ranged from 7.10E+1 to 8.70E+1 pCi/kg. Cesium-137 was detected in one control sample at a concentration of j , 1.10E+2 pCi/kg. The presence of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in sediment samples is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Naturally occurring isotopes of potassium, radium, and thorium were also detected in both indicator and control sediment samples for this sampling period. For 1995, the sediment sample data is consistent with prior operational data and preoperational data. l Historical Cesium-137 Concentrations in Sediment Samples 7.00E+2 T _ g 6.00E+2 As ' y 5.00E+2 - s a l g 4.00E+2 - -1 A '
.s 3.00E+2 - A -6' -
2.00E+2 - 1 4 -A A _a _, ) h""1-t 1 1-: A, t-,-t 1 r, 1 b i R R 8 E E E E E E
'd is 2 3
E $ E $E " b2 2 %2 @ bb-
~ g b" *b h i Average Concentration -A- Calculated Trend l l Figure 7-3 7-7
l i [ Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l Radiological Environmental l r Operating Report . I Figure 7-3 shows the historical concentration of cesium-137 in sediment samples from j 1978 to 1995. Using the data fiom these years, and the statistical method ofleast squares, i an exponential curve can be calculated that represents the cesium-137 concentration in , sediment. This curve has a negative slope which indicates the overall concentration of I cesium-137 in the environment is decreasing with time. This supports the rationale that j the inventory of cesium-137 in the environment is due to fallout from past atmospheric ; nuclear weapons testing and not from the operation of Fermi 2. i 7.5 Fish Sampling i 4 Samples of fish are collected from Lake Erie at three locations on a semiannual basis. ; There are two control locations and one indicator location. The two control locations are offshore of Celeron Island and Brest Bay. The indicator location is approximately 1200 i feet offshore of the Fermi 2 liquid effluent discharge. Edible portions of the fish are analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes and strontium-89/90. 1 During the preoperational program fish samples were only analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes. Only cesium-137 and naturally occurring potassium-40 was detected during this time period. The average concentration of cesium-137 for indicator samples was i 3.53E+1 pCi/kg and 4.20E+1 pCi/kg for control samples. The presence of cesium-137 in j these fish samples is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. From 1985 to 1994, cesium-137 and naturally occurring potassium-40 were detected in fish samples. The average cesium-137 concentration for indicator samples was 4.95E+1 pCi/kg md ranged from 2.00E+1 to 7.20E+1 pCi/kg. The average cesium-137 concentration for control samples was 5.13E+1 pCi/kg and ranged from 2.50E+1 to 9.70E+1 pCi/kg. Figure 7-4 shows a graphical representation of cesium-137 comparing i preoperational and operational average concentrations and ranges. The analysis for strontium-89/90 began in 1990, and strontium-90 has been routinely detected at similar concentrations in both indicator and control samples. The average strontium-90 concentration for indicator samples was 4.80E+1 pCi/kg and ranged from 1.71E+1 to 1.29E+2 pCi/kg. T he average strontium-90 concentration for control samples was 4.02E+1 pCi/kg and ranged from 1.20E+1 to 7.70E+1 pCi/kg. The presence of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in these fish samples is due to fallout from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. For this operational period, the fish sample ! data is consistent with prior preoperational data. l 7-8
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report l In 1995, twenty-three (23) fish samples were collected and analyzed for gamma emitting i isotopes and strontium-89/90. Cesium-137, strontium-90 and naturally occurring l potassium-40 was detected in fish samples. Four controls samples showed detectable i activity for cesium-137 and had average concentration of 2.87E+1 pCi/kg and ranged from 2.29E+1 to 3.72E+1 pCi/kg. Figure 7-4 shows a graphical comparison of cesium-137 average concentrations and ranges between preoperational, operational, and 1995 data. Strontium-90 was detected at similar concentrations in both indicator and control fish samples in 1995. The average concentration of strontium-90 for indicator samples was 2.63E+1 pCi/kg and ranged from 7.30E+0 to 6.50E+1 pCi/kg. The average concentration of strontium-90 for control samples was 3.31E+1 pCi/kg and ranged from 7.60E+0 to l 5.00E+1 pCi/kg. l The presence of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in the 1995 fish samples is due to fallout i from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. For 1995, the fish sample data is consistent with prior operational data and preoperational data. Cesium-137 Concentrations in Fish Samples Historical Averages and Ranges l l Preoperational Operational 1995 1.0E+2 --
?* 8.0E+1 - -
l lme6.0E+1 - _ l 1 l l e E E 4.0E+1 - , a l l
~ '-
2.0E+1 -- 1 l 0.0E+0 . . : , a Indicator Control Indicator Control Control i l m Average - Maximum - Minimum l l Figure 7-4 Aquatic monitoring results for 1995 of water, sediment, and fish, showed only naturally l occurring radioactivity and radioactivity associated with fallout from past atmospheric j nuclear weapous testing and were consistent with levels measured prior to the operation ! of Fermi 2. In conclusion, no radioactivity attributhle to activities at Fermi 2 was detected in any aquatic samples during 1995 and no adverse long-term trends are shown f in the aquatic monitoring data. 7-9
I I \ I Fermi 2 - l995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Land Use Census l I I l l t l l t l l I 1 I l l l l t
l l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l Radiological Environmental Operating Report
- 8. Land Use Census l l
An annual Land Use Census is conducted in accordance with the Fermi 2 Offsite Dose ! Calculation Manual (ODCM), control 3.12.2, and satisfies the requirements of Section l IV.B.3 of Appendix I to 10 CFR Part 50. This census identifies changes in the use of j unrestricted areas to permit modifications to monitoring programs for evaluating doses to 1 individuals from principal pathways of exposure. The annual Land Use Census is conducted during the growing season and is used to l identify, within a radius of 5 miles, the location of the nearest residences, milk animals, I meat animals, and gardens (greater than 50 square meters and containing broad leaf ! vegetation) in each of 16 meteorological sectors surrounding Fermi 2. Gardens greater than 50 square meters are the minimum size required to produce the quantity (26 kg/ year) of leafy vegetables assumed in Regulatory Guide 1.109 for consumption by a child. To determine this minimum garden size, the following assumptions were made: (1) 20% of the garden is used for growing broad leaf vegetation (i.e., lettuce and cabbage); and (2) a ; vegetation yield of 2 kg/ square meter. I i
)
8.1 1995 limd Use Census Results The 1995 Land Use Census was performed during the month of August. The 1995 data was compared to the 1994 data to determine any significant changes in the use of the land. No changes were found in the category of the nearest residences. One new milk animal (cows and goats) location was identified in the west north west sector. Eight new garden locations were identified during this census. The garden located at 6200 Langton ! (critical receptor) was not identified in the 1994 census due to a dry growing season. In the 1995 census, this garden was identified as the nearest garden and remains as the " critical receptor" The " critical receptor" is the individual living offsite who could receive the highest dose due to iodine-131, iodine-133, tritium and particulates with half lives greater than eight days in gaseous efuuents. If any identified changes are likely to change the identity of the critical receptor or to result in a potential dose via a particular pathway which is at least 20% greater than the current maximum dose for that pathway, then the potential dose for each location is calculated using Equation 7-14, of Section 7.8.1 of the ODCM. This evaluation is designed to qualify the " critical receptor" and not quantify the annual dose to the " critical receptor". Since there were no locations identified in the 1995 census that would change the location of the critical receptor no changes to the REMP were required. The , information gathered during the 1995 Land Use Census is tabulated and presented in Tables 8-1 through 8-3. 8-1
l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual j Radiological Environmental Operating Report I 1995 LAND USE CENSUS l Closest Residences i Table 81 Distance Change Year Sector Address (mi) (mi) 1994 NE 6760 Lakeshore 1.13 1995 NE 6760 Lakeshore 1.13 NC i 1994 NNE 6460 Brandicat: 1.07 . 1995 NNE 6460 Biancheau 1.07 NC 1994 N 6362 Brancheau 1.09 j 1995 N 6362 Brancheau 1.09 NC , 1994 NNW 5701 Post 1.09 l 1995 NNW 5701 Post 1.09 NC l 1994 NW 6577 Leroux 1.04 1995 NW 6577 Leroux 1.04 NC l . 1994 WNW 6200 Langton 0.66 l 1995 # WNW 6200 Langton 0.66 NC l 1994 W 6001 Toll 1.11 1995 W 6001 Toll 1.11 NC l 1994 WSW 4981 Pte Aux Peaux 1.39 1995 WSW 4981 Pte Aux Peaux 1.39 NC j 1994 SW 5194 Pte Aux Peaux 1.27 SW 1995 5194 Pte Aux Peaux 1.27 NC 1994 SSW 5820 Pte Aux Peaux 1.12 l 1995 SSW 5820 Pte Aux Peaux 1.12 NC l 1994 S 4834 Long 1.03 1995 S 4834 Long 1.03 NC ESE-SSE Lake Erie l NC = No Change
# = 1995 Critical Receptor 8-2
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental 7 Operating Report l 1995 LAND USE CENSUS Closest Gardens Table 8 2 l Distance Change ! Year Sector Address (mi) (mi) 1994 NE 12197 Sovey 2.31 , 1995 NE 7531 Erie 2.01 -0.30 ; 1994 NNE 7195 Lakeview 1.91 1 l 1995 NNE 6460 Brancheau 1.07 -0.84 1994* NNE 9501 U.S. Turnpike 3.83 l 1995* NNE 9501 U.S. Turnpike 3.83 NC 1994 N 6080 Trombly 1.64 i 1995 N 6366 Trombly 1.91 +0.27 1994 NNW 7025 Melvina 1.30 1995 NNW 7025 Melvina 1.30 NC 1994 NW 7175 Forest 1.61 1995 NW 7303 Swan Creek 1.97 +0.36 1994 WNW 6594 N. Dixie Hwy 1.74 1995* # WNW 6200 Langton 0.66 -1.08 1994 W 5681 Toll 1.55 1995 W 5681 Toll 1.55 NC 1994 WSW 4611 Pte Aux Peaux 1.77 1995 WSW 5120 Spaulding 2.34 +0.57 1994 SW 4971 Elm 1.46 1995 SW 4666 Pte. Aux Peaux 1.68 +0.22 1994 SSW 4384 Ave C 1.53 1995 SSW 4345 Ave B 1.56 +0.03 1994 S 6139 Goddard 1.19 1995 S 6139 Goddard 1.19 NC ESE-SSE Lake Eric NC = No change
* = Participants in REMP program
# = 1995 Critical Receptor t
8-3
l l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental i Operating Report 1995 LAND USE CENSUS ] Milk Locations i Table 8-3 i Distance Findings Year Sector Address (mi) 1994 NE No Identified Locations 1995 NE No Identified Locations l 1994 NNE No Identified Locations 1995 NNE No identified Locations 1994* N 6658 Labo 4.15 Goats 1995* N 6658 Labo 4.15 Goats 1994 NNW No Identified Locations 1995 NNW No Identified Locations 1994 NW No identified Locations 1995 NW No Identified Locations 1994* NW 2705 Labo 5.41 Cows 1995* NW 2705 Labo 5.41 Cows 1994 WNW No Identified Locations 1995 WNW 4262 Post 2.07 Cows / Goats 1994 W 6248 Williams 2.70 Goats 1995 W 6248 Williams 2.70 Goats 1994 WSW No Identified Locations 1995 WSW No Identified Locations 1994 SW No Identified Locations 1995 SW No Identified Locations 1994 SSW No Identified Locations 1995 SSW No Identified Locations i 1994 S No Identified Locations 1995 S No Identified Locations l ESE-SSE Lake Erie l ! * = Participants in REMP sampling program i 4 1 8-4 1
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report l l Sample Locations l 1 l l l l l t l
l l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report , / 9. Sample Locations j 9.1 Direct Radiation Sample Locations Table 9-1 l Meteorological Distance ! Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection l Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type 1 Tl NE/38' l.3 mi. Estral Beach, Pole on Q l l Lakeshore 23 Poles S of j Lakeview(Special Area) 1 l T2 NNE/22' l.2 mi. East of termination of Q l ) Brancheau St. on post (Special Area) T3 N/9* 1.1 mi. Pole, NW corner of Swan Q l l Boat Club fence (Special Area) 1 T4 NNW/337 0.6 mi. Site boundary and Toll Rd. Q I on Site fence by API #2 T5 NW/313 0.6 mi. Site boundary and Toll Rd. Q I 1 on Site fence by API #3 T6 WNW/293* 0.6 mi. Pole, NE corner of Bridge Q I over Toll Rd. l T7 W/270 14.0 mi. Pole, at Michigan Gas Q C substation on N. Custer Rd.,0.66 miles west of Doty Rd. T8 NW/305 1.9 mi. Pole on Post Rd. near NE Q l corner of Dixie Hwy. and Post Rd. T9 NNW/334" 1.5 mi. Pole, NW corner of Q l Trombley and Swan View - Rd. T10 N/6 2.1 mi. Pole, S side of Massarant. Q I 2 poles W of Chinavare. I = Indicator C = Control Q = Quarterly l 9-1
t l l Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Direct Radiation Sample Locations (Table 9-1 continued) Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Tme NNE/23 6.2 mi. Pole, NE corner of ' Tli Q l l Milliman and Jefferson l T12 NNE/29 6.3 mi. Pointe Mouille Game Area Q l Field Office, Pole near tree, N area of parking lot T13 N/356 4.1 mi. Labo and Dixie Hwy. Pole Q l on SW corner with light T14 NNW/337 4.4 mi. Labo and Brandon Pole on Q I SE corner near RR I T15 NW/315 3.9 mi. Pole, behind Newport Post Q l ' Office. l T16 WNW/283 4.9 mi. Pole, SE corner of War and Q I Post Rd. T17 W/27la 4.9 mi. Pole, NE corner cf Nadeau Q l j and Laprad near mobile ' home park. Tl8 WSW/247 4.8 mi. Pole, NE corner of Mentel Q l and Hurd Rd. T19 SW/236 5.2 mi. Ist pole E of Fermi siren on Q l I Waterworks Rd. NE corner I ofintersection - Sterling State Park Rd. Entrance Drive / Waterworks (in Sterling State Park) T20 WSW/257" 2.7 mi. Pole, S side of Williams Q l Rd,8 poles W of Dixie Hwy. (Special Ares) T2I WSW/239' 2.7 mi. Pole, N side of Pearl at Q l Parkview Woodland Beach (Special Area) I = Indicator C = Control Q = Quarterly l 9-2 l l
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Enrironmental Operating Report Direct Radiation Sample Locations (Table 9-1 continued) Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type
- T22 S/172a 1.2 mi. Pole, N side of Pointe Aux Q l Peaux 2 poles W of Long -
Site Boundary T23 SSW/195* 1.1 mi. Pole, S side of Pointe Aux Q l Peaux 1 pole W of Huron next to Vent Pipe - Site Boundary T24 SW/225 1.2 mi. Fermi Gate along Pointe Q l Aux Peaux Rd. on fence wire W of gate Site Boundary T25 WSW/251 1.5 mi. Pole, Toll Rd. - 13 poles S Q I of Fermi Drive T26 WSW/259 1.1 mi. Pole, Toll Rd. - 6 poles S Q I of Fermi Drive T27 SW/225 6.8 mi. Pole, NE corner of Q I McMillan and East Front St.(Special Area) T28 SW/229' 10.7 mi. Pole, SE corner of Mortar Q C Creek and LaPlaisance. T29 WSW/237 10.3 mi. Pole, E side of S Dixie,1 Q C pole S of Albain. T30 WSW/247 7.8 mi. Pole, St. Mary's Park Q I corner of Elm and Monroe St., S side of parking lot next to river (Special Area) T31 WSW/255 9.6 mi. Ist pole W of entrance Q C drive Milton " Pat" Munson Recreational Reserve on North Custer Rd. I = Indicator C = Control Q = Quarterly l l 9-3
l l Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental j Operating Report ' Direct Radiation Sample Locations (Table 91 continued) 1 Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type T32 WNW/295 10.3 mi. Pole, corner of Stony Creek Q l and Finzel Rd. T33 NW/317* 9.2 mi. Pole, W side of Grafton Q I Rd. I pole N of Ash and Grafton intersection. T34 NNW/338 9.7 mi. Pole, W side of Port Creek, Q I I pole S of Will-Carleton ; Rd. j T35 N/359 6.9 mi. Pole, S Side of S Huron Q I River Dr. across from Race St. (Special Area) T36 N/358 9.1 mi. Pole, NE corner of Q I Gibraltar and Cahill Rd. T37 NNE/21* 9.8 mi. Pole, S corner of Adams Q I and Gibraltar across from Humbug Marina. T38 WNW/294* 1.7 mi. Residence - 6594 N. Dixie Q I liwy. T39 S/176 0.3 mi. SE corner of Protected Q I ! Area Fence (PAF). l T40 S/170 0.3 mi. Midway along OBA - Q I (PAF) l T41 SSE/161 0.2 mi. Midway between OBA and Q I Shield Wall on PAF. T42 SSE/149 0.2 mi. Midway along Shield Wall Q I on PAF. T43 SE/131 0.1 mi. Midway between Shield Q l Wall and Aux Boilers on PAF. T44 ESE/109 0.1 mi. Opposite OSSF door on Q I PAF. I = Indicator C = Control Q = Quarterly 9-4
1 Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual I RadiologicalEnvironmental l Operating Report Direct Radiation Sample Locations (Table 9-1 continued) , i l Meteorological Distance i Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type L T45 E/86 0.1 mi. NE Corner of PAF. Q l T46 ENE/67 0.2 mi. NE side of barge slip on Q I fence. T47 S/185 0.1 mi. South of Turbine Bldg. Q l rollup door on PAF. P T48 SW/235 0.2 mi. 30 ft. from corner of AAP Q 1 on PAF. , I T49 WSW/251 1.1 mi. Corner of Site Boundary Q l fence north of NOC along Critical Path Rd. T50 W/270 0.9 mi. Site Boundary fence near Q I main gate by the south Bullit Street sign. T51 N/3 0.4 mi. Site Boundary fence north Q I of north Cooling Tower. T52 NNE/20 0.4 mi. Site Boundary fence at the Q I 4 corner of Arson and Tower. I T53 NE/55 0.2 mi. Site Boundary fence east of Q I Sou h Cooling Tower. T54 S/189 0.3 mi. Pole next to Fermi 2 Q I Visitors Center. T55 WSW/251 3.3 mi. Pole, north side of Nadeau Q I Rd. across from Sodt Elementary School Marquee T56 WSW/255 4.9 mi. Pole, entrance to Jefferson Q I Middle School on Stony Creek Rd. I = Indicator C = Control Q = Quarterly t 9-5
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental l Operating Report Direct Radiation Sample Locations (Table 91 continued) Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (D grees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type T57 W/260 2.7 mi. Pole, north side of Q l Williams Rd. across from Jefferson High School entrance. T58 WSW/249 4.9 mi. Pole west of flurd Q I Elementary School Marquee T59 NW/325 2.6 mi. Pole north of St. Charles Q l Church entrance on Dixie liwy. T60 NNW/341* 2.5 mi. Ist pole north of North Q l Elementary School entrance on Dixie Hwy. I T61 W/268 10.1 mi. Pole, SW corner of Stewart Q l and Raisinville Rd. T62 SW/232* 9.7 mi. Pole, NE corner of Albain Q I and Hull Rd. T63 WSW/245 9.6 mi. Pole, NE corner of Dunbar Q l and Telegraph Rd. T64 WNW/286 0.2 mi. West of switchgear yard on Q I PAF T65 NW/322 0.1 mi. PAF switchgear yard area Q l NW of RHR complex. T66 NE/50* 0.1 mi. Behind Bldg. 42 on PAF Q l 1
- T67 NNW/338 0.2 mi. Site Boundary fence West Q l l of South Cooling Tower.
i i = Indicator C = Control Q = Quarterly l ? i 9-6 i
- - - - . .~ _ . ._. - - _. . . - . - .. -
)
! l Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental l l \ Operating Report l 9.2 Air Particulate and Air lodine Sample Locations ; Table 9-2 ) Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type API-I NE/39 1.4 mi. Estral Beach Pole on W I l Lakeshore,18 Poles S of Lakeview (Nearest Community with highest X/Q) l API-2 NNW/337 0.6 mi. Site Boundary and Toll W I i Road. on Site Fence by T-4 API-3 NW/313 0.6 mi. Site Boundary and Toll W I Road, on Site Fence by T-5 API 4 W/270 14.0 mi. Pole, at Michigan Gas W C substation on N. Custer Rd.,0.66 miles west of l Doty Rd. l API-5 S/191* 1.2 mi. One pole south of Pointe W I Aux Peaux Rd.on Erie St. I = Indicator C = Control W = Weekly l l 9.3 Milk Sample Locations Table 9-3 i j Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection i Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type M-2 NW/319 5.4 mi. Reaume Farm - 2705 E M-SM 1 l Labo t M-8 WNW/289 9.9 mi. Calder Dairy - 9334 Finzel M-SM C l Rd l M-9 N/6* 4.2 mi. Bourasso Farm - 6658 M-SM i Labo Rd. i , I = Indicator C = Control A1 = Afonthly SAf = Semimonthly 9-7 i
_ _ - -.-. . - - .--- - -. . - . = = _ . _ _ . - . _. . Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report 9.4 Garden Sample Locations Table 9-4 Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type FP-1 NNE/21' 3.8 mi. 9501 Turnpike Highway M I i FP-3 NNE/12 1.1 mi. 6441 Brancheau M i ' FP-7 WNW/302* 0.7 mi. 6200 Langton M i FP-9 W/261 10.9 mi. 4074 North Custer Road M C , I = Indicator C = Control A1 = Afonthly(when available) , t 9.5 Drinking WaterSample Locations Table 9 5 Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth t' rom Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type ! DW-1 S/174* 1.1 mi. Monroe Water Station N M I Side of Pointe Aux Peaux 1/2 Bk)ck W of Long Rd DW-2 N/8 18.5 mi. Detroit Water Station M C l 14700 Moran Rd, Allen Park DW-3 SSE/160 0.3 mi. Fermi i Raw Lake Water M 1 Intake Structure l l 1 = Indicator C = C<mtrol M = Monthly l
?
9-8 l
I Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report 9.6 Surface Water Sample twcations Table 9-6 Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type SW-2 NNE/20 11.7 mi. DECO's Trenton Channel M C , Power Plant Intake Structure (Screenhouse #1) SW-3 SSE/160 0.2 mi. DECO's Fermi 2 General M I Service Water intake r Structure l l = Indicator C = Control M = hionthly
.i 9.7 Groundwater Sample Locations Table 9-7 Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type GW-1 S/175 0.4 mi. Approx.100 ft W of Lake Q I Erie, EF-1 Parking lot near gas tired peakers !
GW-2 SSW/208 1.0 mi. 4 ft S of Pointe Aux Peaux Q I (PAP) Rd. Fence 427 ft W of where PAP crosses over Stoney Point's Western Dike GW-3 SW/226 1.0 mi. 143 ft W of PAP Rd. Gate, Q l 62 ft N of PAP Rd. Fence GW-4 WNW/299 0.6 mi. 42 ft S of Langton Rd,8 ft Q C E of Toll Rd. Fence I = Indicator C = Control Q = Quarterly i 9-9
t t Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l Radiological Environmental Operating Report i l l ' i 9.8 Sediment Sample facations { Table 9-8 l Meteorological Distance l Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection . Number (Degrees) ( Approx.) Description Frequency Type + t S-1 SSE/165 0.9 mi. Pointe Avx Pemx, SA I i Shoreline to 500 ft offshore sighting directly to Land i Base Water Tower I S-2 E/81* 0.2 mi. Fermi 2 Discharge, approx. SA I f 200 ft offshore j S-3 NE/39* 1.1 mi. Estral Beach, approx. 200 SA 1 ft offshore, off Nonh shoreline where Swan ! Creek and Lake Erie meet i S-4 WSW/241 3.0 mi. Indian Trails Community SA 1 l Beach S-5 NNE/20* 11.7 mi. DECO's Trenton Channel SA C ; Power Plant intale area. I I I = Indicator C = Control SA = Semiannually
,e r
l 9.9 Fish Sample Locations Table 9-9 Meteorological Distance Station Sector / Azimuth from Reactor Collection Number (Degrees) (Approx.) Description Frequency Type F-1 NNF/31 9.5 mi. Celeron Island SA C F-2 E/86 0.4 mi. Fermi 2 Discharge (approx. SA I 1200 ft offshore) F-3 WSW/238 4.8 mi. Brest Bay Marina Area SA C , L = Indicator C = Control SA = Semiannually l 9-10
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Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental
, Operating Report j l
Program Execution 4 i
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
- 10. Program Execution In 1995, the major deviations from scheduled REMP activities were the loss of electrical power to air sampling and water sampling equipment and the freezing of surface water sample lines. The following sections list all deviations, changes and corrective actions from the normal sampling schedule for 1995. These deviations did not have a significant impact on the execution of the REMP.
10.1 Direct Radiation Monitoring All TLDs are placed in the field in inconspicuous locations to minimize the loss of TLDs due to vandalism. During 1995, two hundred sixty eight (268) TLDs were placed in the field for the REMP program and all TLDs were collected and processed. 10.2 Atmospheric Monitoring In the Atmospheric Monitoring program, two hundred and sixty (260) particulate and charcoal cartridges were scheduled to be collected in 1995. All samples were collected as scheduled, except one (1) sample was lost due to equipment malfunction. Section 10.2.1 lists all deviations and changes to the Atmospheric Monitoring program. 10.2.1 AirSampling On May 9, air sampler API-l was found not operating due to a short circuit in the electrical wiring. The sampler was immediately replaced with a spare sampler. For this reason the weekly sample was not collected and the second quarter composite sample is considered to be less than representative. For the week of June 25th, all air samplers operated for six days due to the July 4th holiday. For the week of July 2nd, all air samplers operated for eight days to reestablish the seven day sampling period. On September 26, air sampler API-3 was found not operating due to equipment j malfunction. The sampler was immediately replaced with a spare sampler. After an l investigation, it was determined that the air sampler was down for approximately sixteen I (16) hours. For this reason the weekly sample and the third quarter composite sample are l considered to be less than representative. l l 10-1
.-. - - - - - - .. - . . - = - - . . _ _ . _ -
I t Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual i Radiological Environmental '
- Operating Report [
l l 1 10.3 TerrestrialMonitoring l During 1995, fifty-four (54) milk samples were scheduled to be collected. Seven (7) l samples were not collected due to the fact that one animal stopped producing milk. To I compensate for the lack of milk, fourteen (14) grass samples were added to the schedule. However, due to seasonal availability, only six (6) grass samples were obtained. Sections ! l 10.3.1 through 10.3.3 list all deviations and changes to the Terrestrial Monitoring l program. I I 10.3.1 Milk Sampling j l ! l From January to the first half of June no milk samples were collected at location M-9 l because the animal stopped producing milk. 1 Strontium 89 and 90 analysis was not performed on milk sample M-9 collected on June 22 due to low volume of samnie. ; I l 10.3.2 Grass Sampling l From January to April on grass samples were not collected at M-9 and M-8 (control j sample) due to seasonal availability. i 10.3.3 Garden Sampling In 1995, a new control garden location, designated as FP-9, was added to the program and is located at 4074 North Custer Road. At the beginning of the year, location FP-6 was dropped from the program at the owner's request.- All scheduled garden samples were t collected in 1995. 10.4 Aquatic Monitoring During 1995, thirty-one (31) drinking water, twenty-four (24) surface water, sixteen (16) ; groundwater, and ten (10) sediment samples were scheduled to be collected. In addition, ! twenty-two (22) fish samples were collected for the Aquatic Monitoring program. Due to
- loss of electrical power, two (2) grab samples were collected; one drinking water and one ;
surface water sample. Five (5) grab samples were collected due to ice or sediment inside sample line. Sections 10.4.1 through 10.4.5 list all deviations to the Aquatic Monitoring program. 10-2
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report 10.4.1 Drinking WaterSampli::g ^ In July, drinking water sampler DW-3 (Fermi i potable water plant) was dropped from the program due to the shut down of the water plant. On August 15, drinking water sampler DW-1 was found not operating due to loss of electrical power. A grab sample was taken and the sampler was reset and put back into service. For this reason the monthly sample for August and the third quaner composite sample are considered less than representative. 10.4.2 Surface WaterSampling On January 9, surface water sampler SW-2 was found not operating due to ice inside the sample line. A grab sample was taken and the sampler was reset and put back into service. For this reason the monthly sample for January and the first quarter composite sample are considered less than representative. On February 6 and February 13, surface water sampler SW-2 was found not operating due to ice inside the sample line. A grab sample was taken and the sampler was reset and put back into service. For this reason the monthly sample far February and the first quarter composite sample are considered less than representative. On March 21, surface water sampler SW-3 was found not operating due to loss of electrical power. A grab sample was taken and the sampler was reset and put back into service. For this reason the monthly sample for March and the first quarter composite sample are considered less than representative. On June 13, surface water sampler SW-2 was found to have a low sample volume due to 1 sediment inside the sample line. A grab sample was taken and the sampler was reset and put back into service. For this reason the monthly sample for June and the second quarter composite sample are considered less than representative. On December 12, surface watcr sampler SW-2 was found not operating due to ice inside the sample line. A grab sample was taken and the sampler was reset and put back into l service. For this reason the monthly sample for December and the fourth quarter l composite sample are considered less than representative. 10-3
l
-i Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l RadiologicalEnvironmental l Operating Report i 10.4.3 GroundwaterSampling t All scheduled groundwater samples were collected in 1995.
10.4.4 Sediment Sampling ~ : l All scheduled sediment samples were collected in 1995. ! 10.4.5 Fish Sampling All scheduled fish samples were collected in 1995. l l l i i i i 4 10-4 i
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report Program Summary l l
Table 11-1 Radiological Enwonn ental Monitonrxj Program Summary Name of Facility: Ennco Fermi Unit 2 Docket No.: 50-341 Reporting Penod: January - December 1995 Locaton of Facdity- 30 mdes southeast of Detroit, Michigan (Frenchtown Township) Location with Highest Sample . Type and Indicator Annual Mean . Control Number of Type Number of LLD Locations Locations Non-routme (Units) Analysis Mean and Range Location Mean and Range Mean and Range Results Gamma (TLD) Gamma Radiation 1.0 15.7 (252/252) T-66 (Indicator) 23.6 (4/4) 15.2 (16/16) None Background 268 7.7 to 28.7 15.5 to 28.7 13.9 to 17.7 (mR!std qtr) Airbome GB 259 1.00E-2 2.59E-2 (207/207) API-5 (Indicator) 2.65E (52/52) 2.61 E-2 (52/52) t'one Particulates 1.40E-2 to 4.70E-2 1.50E-2 to 4.40E-2 1.50E-2 to 4.30E-2 (pCi/cu.m.) GS 20 BE-7 N/A 1.33E-1 (16/16) API-2 (Indicator) 1.40E-1 (4/4) 1.20E-1 (4/4) None 9.81E-2 to 1.74E-1 ' 1.16E-1 to 1.74E-1 8.81 E-2 to 1.39E-1 K-40 N/A 1.36E-2 (t'16) API-2 (Indicator) 5.37E-2 (1/4) 1.08E-2 (3/4) None 3J1E-3 to 5.3'E-2 5.37E-2 to 5.37E-2 7.47E-3 to 1.61E-2 - MN-54 N/A <MD/. <MDA None i CO-58 N/A <MDA <MDA None FE-59 N/A <MDA <MDA None CO40 N/A <MDA <MDA None ZN-65 N/A <MDA <MDA None ZR/NB-95 N/A <MDA <MDA None RU-103 N/A <MDA <MDA None RU-106 N/A <MDA <MDA None CS-134 5.00E-2 <MDA <MDA None CS-137 6.00E-2 <MDA <MDA None
/
BA/LA-140 N/A <MDA <MDA None CE-141 N/A (MDA <MDA None g CE-144 N/A <MDA <MDA None g-RA-226 N/A <MDA <MDA None E"D TH-228 N/A <MDA (MDA None 3 SR-89 20 N/A <MDA <MDA None h*C
% Me k $, Qa SR-90 N/A <MDA <MDA None nsaay Airbomo 1-131 259 7.00E-2 <MDA <MDA None m $
lode.e (pCvcu.m.) ggE
Table 11-1 Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Summary (cont.) Name of Facility: Ennco Fenni Und 2 Docket No.: 50-341 Reporting Period: January-December 1995 Location of Facihty Su miles southeast of Detroit, Michigan (Frenchtown Township) Location with Highest Sample Type and Indicator Annual Mean Control Number of Type Number of -LLD Locations Locations Non-routine (Units) Analysis Mean and Range Location Mean and Range Mean and Range Results Milk 1-131 47 1.00E+0 <MDA <MDA None (pCi/l) SR-89 46 N/A (MDA <MDA None SR-90 N/A 1.56E+0 (28/29) M-9 (Indicator) 1.94E+0 (10/11) 1.23E+0 (18/18) None 8.90E-1 to 3.20E+0 (goat milk) 1.40E+0 to 3.20E+0 8.50E-1 to 2.20E+0 GS 47 BE-7 N/A <MDA <.MDA None K-40 N/A 1.51 E+3 (29/29) M-9 (Inde.ator) 1.79E+3 (11/11) 1.37E+3 (18/18) None 1.22E+3 to 2.33E+3 (goat milk) 1.46E+3 to 2.33E+3 1.25E+3 to 1.48E+3 MN-54 N/A <MDA <MDA None CO-58 N/A <MDA <MDA None FE-59 N/A <MDA <MDA None C CO-60 N/A <MDA <MDA None b ZN-65 N/A <MDA <MDA None ZR!NB-95 N/A (MDA <MDA None RU-103 N/A <MDA <MDA None RU-106 N/A <MDA <MDA None CS-134 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None CS-137 1.80E+1 <MDA <MDA None BA/LA-140 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None CE-141 N/A <MDA <MDA Nene CE-144 N/A <MDA <MDA None RA-226 N/A <MDA <MDA Mone g TH-228 N/A <MDA <MDA fwne n Grass I-131 6 6.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None ;;- 3 (pCvkg wet) O SL [ GS 6 % p= BE-7 N/A 7.17E+2 (2/3) M-9 (Indicator) 7.17E+2 (2/3) 5.37E+2 (3/3) None kw 7.13E+2 to 7.21E+2 7.13E+2 to 7.21 E+2 2.11 E+2 to 1.01 E+3 3' I @% K-40 N/A 5.09E+3 4.49E+3 to 5.41 E+3 (3/3) M-9 (Indicator) 5.09E+3 (3/3) 4.49E+3 to 5.41E+3 4.92E+3 (3/3) 3.93E+3 to 5.86E+3 None jg MN-54 N/A <MDA <MDA None qgnE {Q =
. _ _ _ _ . - . _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ . _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ __ _ __ - _ _ . - -..a
Table 11-1 Radiological E.iv.;iw -ital Monitoring Program Summary (cont.) Name of Facihty- Enrico Fermi Unit 2 Docket No.: 50-341 Reporting Period: January-December 1995 Locaten of Facihty: 30 miles southeast of Detroit, Michigan (Frenchtown Township) Location with Highest Sample Type and Indicator . Annual Mean Control Number of Type Number of LLD Locations . . Locations Non-routme (Units) Analysis - Mean and Range Location Mean and Range Mean and Range Results Grass (cont.) CO-58 N/A <MDA (MDA None (pCi/kg wet) FE-59 N/A <MDA <MDA None CO-60 N/A <MDA <MDA None ZN-65 N/A <MDA <MDA None ZR/NB-95 N/A <MDA <MDA None RU-103 N/A <MDA <MDA None RU-106 N/A <MDA <MDA None CS-134 6.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None CS-137 8.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None [ BA/LA-140 N/A <MDA <MDA None 0 CE-141 N/A <MDA <MDA None CE-144 N/A <MDA <MDA None RA-226 N/A <MDA <MDA None , TH-228 N/A <MDA <MDA None Vegetables 1-131 13 6.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None (pCi/kg wet) GS 13 None BE-7 N/A 3.74E+2 (5/9) FP-9 (Control) 4.22E+2 (2/4) 4.22E+2 (2/4) None 1.84E+2 to 7.09E+2 2.30E+2 to 6.13E+2 2.30E+2 to 6.13E+2 K-40 N/A 2.49E+3 (9/9) FP-9 (Control) 3.18E+3 (4/4) 3.18E+3 (4/4) None @ 1.68E+2 to 3.55E+3 1.75E+3 to 5.23E+3 1.75E+3 to 5.23E+3 h MN-54 N/A <MDA <MDA None h$ CO-58 N/A <MDA <MDA None j. Q FE-59 N/A <MDA CO-60 N/A
<MDA None g E, [
ZN-65 N/A
<MDA
<MDA
<MDA None gg.
<MDA None gyQ ZR/NB-95 N/A <MDA RU-103 N/A <MDA
<MDA
<MDA None None 5-2 A RU-106 N/A <MDA <MDA None $
CS-134 6.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None ogg CS-137 8.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None
Table 11-1 Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Summary (cont) Name of Facihty- Enrico Fermi Unit 2 Docket No; 50-341 Reporting Period: January-December 1995 Location of Facihty: 30 miles southeast of Detroit, Michigan (Frenchtown Township) Location with Highest Sample Type and Indicator Annual Mean Control Number of - Type. Number of LLD Locations Locations . Non-routine (Units) Analysis Mean and RanDe location Mean and Range Mean and Range Results Vegetables (cont.) BA/LA-140 N/A <MDA <MDA None (pCi/kg wet) CE-141 N/A <MDA <MDA None CE-144 N/A (MDA (MDA None RA-226 N/A <MDA <MDA None TH-228 N/A 2.95E+1 (1/5) FP-7 (Indicator) 2.95E+1 (1/5) <MDA None 2.95E+1 to 2.95E+1 2.95E+1 to 2.95E+1 Dnnking Water GB 31 4.00E+0 3.99E+0 (19/19) DW-1 (Indicator) . 4.00E+0 (13/13) 2.29E+0 (12/12) None (pCi/I) 2.00E+0 to 9.40E+0 2.00E+0 to 9.40E+0 1.80E+0 to 7.30E+0 None
- GS 31 7
O BE-7 N/A <MDA <MDA None K-40 N/A <MDA <MDA None CR-51 N/A <MDA (MDA None MN-54 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None CO-58 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA' None FE-59 3.00E+1 <MDA (MDA None CO-60 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None ZN-65 3.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None ZR/NB-95 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None RU-103 N/A <MDA <MDA None RU-106 N/A <MDA <MDA None 2 CS-134 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None $. CS-137 1.80E+1 <MDA <MDA None g BA/LA-140 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None ao Q CE-141 N/A <MDA <MDA None W3 CE-144 RA-226 N/A N/A
<MDA
<MDA
<MDA
<MDA None None h b TH-228 N/A <MDA <MDA None S. h [
$ ($ *$
H-3 10 2.00E+3 2.30E+2 (1/6) DW-1 (Indcator) 2.30E+2 (1/4) <MDA None W3h 2.30E+2 to 2.30E+2 2.30E+2 to 2.30E+2 4$2 SR-89 SR-90 31 N/A N/A
<MDA
<MDA.
<MDA
<MDA None None k(2
Table 11-1 Radx> logical ETavi . ental Monitonng Program Summary (cont.) Name of Faci"ty- Enrico Fermi Unit 2 Docket No.: 50-341 Reporting Period: January-December 1995 Location of Facilrty- 30 miles southeast of Detroit, Michigan (Frenchtown Township) Location with Highest Sample Type and Indicator Annual Mean Controt ' Number of Type Number of LLD Locations Locations Non-routme (Units) Analysis Mean and Range Location Mean and Range Mean and Range ' Results Surface Water GS 30 (pCVI) BE-7 N/A <MDA <MDA None K-40 N/A <MDA SW-2 (Control) 3.52E+1 (1/17) 3.52E+1 (1/17) None 3.52E+1 to 3.52E+1 3.52E+1 to 3.52E+1 CR-51 N/A <MDA <MDA Hone MN-54 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None CO-58 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None FE-59 3.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None CO-60 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None ZN-65 3.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None .-. ZR.NB-95 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None
- RU-103 N/A <MDA <MDA None
- RU-106 N/A <MDA <MDA None CS-134 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None CS-137 1.80E+1 <MDA <MDA None BA/LA-140 1.50E+1 <MDA sMDA- None CE-141 N/A <MDA <MDA None CE-144 N/A <MDA <MDA None RA-226 N/A <MDA <MDA None TH-228 N/A <MDA <MDA None H-3 8 2.00E+3 <MDA SW-2 (Control) 2.40E+2 (1/4) 2.40E+2 (1/4) None sig 2.40E+2 to 2.40E+2 2.40E+2 to 2.40E+2 E.
SR-89 30 N/A <MDA <MDA None E SR-90 N/A <MDA <MDA None kM- 3
.S S C Groundwater (pCvt)
GS BE-7 16 N/A <MDA <MDA None gh* ' 2 Q. $ K-40 N/A <MDA <MDA None $j% CR-51 N/A <MDA <MDA None 5t: 3h MN-54 1.50E+1 <MDA (MDA None S$3 CO-58 FE-59 1.50E+1 3.00E+1
<MDA
<MDA
<MDA
<MDA None None k(k CO-60 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None
Table 111 Radiological Environmental Monitonng Program Summary (cont.) Name of Facihty Ennco Fermi Unit 2 Docket No.: 50-341 Reporting Period: January-December 1995 Location of Facility 30 miles southeast of Detroit, Michigan (Frenchtown Township) Location with Highest Sample Type and Indicator Annual Mean Control . Number of Type Number of LLD Locations Locations Non-routme (Units) analysis Mean and Range Location Mean and Range Mean and Ranga Results Groundwater (cont ? ZN-65 3.00E+1 <MDA <MDA None (pCill) ZR/NB-95 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None RU-103 N/A <MDA <MDA None RU-106 N/A <MDA <MDA None CS-134 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None CS-137 1.80E+1 <MDA <MDA None BA/LA-140 1.50E+1 <MDA <MDA None CE-141 N/A <MDA <MDA None CE-144 N/A <MDA <MDA None
- RA-226 N/A . <MDA <MDA None 7 TH-228 N/A <MDA <MDA None ch H-3 16 2.00E+3 ' <MDA GW-4 (Control) 2.00E+2 (1/4) 2.00E+2 (1/4) None 2.00E+2 to 2.00E+2 2.00E+2 to 2.00E+2 Sediment GS 10 (pCVkg dry) BE-7 N/A <MDA <MDA None K-40 N/A 1.07E+4 (8/8) S-3 (Indicator) 1.18E+4 (2/2) 1.16E+4 (2/2) None 9.01E+3 to 1.26E+4 1.15E+4 to 1.20E+4 1.03E+4 to 1.29E+4 MN-54 N/A <MDA <MDA None CO-58 N/A <MDA <MDA None :It:
FE-59 N/A <MDA <MDA None ( CO-60 N/A ' <MDA <MDA None- E ZN-65 N/A <MDA <MDA
<MDA None None
[ ZR/NB-95 N/A <MDA RU-103 N/A <MDA <MDA None h {~ wg RU-106 N/A <MDA <MDA None g)[ CS-134 1.50E+2 <MDA <MDA None m2 CS-137 1.80E+2 <MDA S-5 (Control) 1.10E+2 (1/2) 1.10E+2 to 1.10E+2 1.10E+2 (1/2) 1.10E+2 to 1.10E+2 None $h.*
- it: 3 BA/LA-140 ' N/A <MDA <MDA None S$= 2 CE-141 CE-144 N/A N/A (MDA
<MDA
<MDA (MDA None None
$(k
_-__-----_ - _ _ _-_.._____- _ ---_ _. - .__ . . . . . . .a
1 L i Table 11-1 Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Summary (cont.) [ i Nameof Facety: Enrico Femi Unit 2 Docket No.: 50-341 Reporting Period: January-December 1995 Location of Facility 30 miles southeast of Detroit, Michigan (Frenchtown Townshis'
.E Location with Highest Sample Type and - Indicator Annual Mean Control Number of Type Number of LLD Locations .
Locations Non-routme (Unds) Analysis Mean and Range , location Mean and Range ' Mean and Range Results Sed ment (cont.) RA-226 N/A 7.46E+2 (6/8) S-4 (Indicator) 1.06E+3 (1/2) 9.66E+2 (2/2) None (pCukg dry) 5.20E+2 to 1.06E+3 1.06E+3 to 1.06E+3 9.21E+2 to 1.01E+3 ' TH-228 ' N/A . 2.52E+2 - (8/8) S-5 (Control) 4.68E+2 (2/2) 4.6PE+2 (2/2) None I 1.94E+2 to 3.48E+2 4.36E+2 to 5.00E+2 4.36E+2 to 5.00E+2 SR-89 10 N/A (MDA <MDA None , SR-90 N/A 7.90E+1 (2/8) S-2 (Indicator) 8.70E+1 (1/2) <MDA None 7.10E+1 to 8.70E+1 8.70E+1 to 8.70E+1
- Fish GS 23 7 (pCvkg wet) BE-7 N/A <MDA <MDA None i K-40 N/A 2.89E+3 (7/7) F-3 (Control) 3.28E+3 (9/9) 3.23E+3 (16/16) None 2.18E+3 to 4.21E+3 2.32E+3 to 4.40E+3 2.32E+3 to 4.40E+3 MN-54 1.30E+2 <MDA <MDA None !
CO-58 1.30E+2 <MDA <MDA None
- FE-59 2.60E+2 <MDA <MDA None l CO-60 1.30E+2 <MDA (MDA None ZN45 2.60E+2 <MDA <MDA None ZR/NB-95 N/A <MDA <MDA None RU-103 N/A <MDA <MDA None RU-106 N/A <MOA <MDA None :c CS-134 1.30E+2 <'ADA <MDA None E, CS-137 1.50E+2 <MDA F-1 (Control) 2.98E+1 (3/7) 2.87E+1 (4/1F} None E 2.29E+1 to 3.72E+1 2.29E+1 M 3XE+1 kg*
BA/LA-140 N/A <MDA <MDA None CE-141 N/A <MDA <MDA None h [*ha, ' CE-144 RA-226 N/A N/A
<MDA
<MDA
<MDA
<MDA None None
}h[
- e. 3 +
TH-228 N/A <MDA <MDA None $h.$%
- = a i SR-89 23 N/A (MDA (MDA None *$ $ 3 SR-90 N/A 2.63E+1 (4/7) 7.30E+0 to 6.50E+1 F-3 (Control) 4.17E+1 (3/9) 3.10E+1 to 4.70E+1 3.31 E+1 (9/16) 7.60E+0 to 5.00E+1 None kkk l-
Table 11-1 Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Summary (cont.) Name of Facihty: Ennco Feimi Unit 2 Docket No/ 50-341 Reporting Period: January-December 1995 Locatx>n of Facihty- 30 miles southeast of Detroit, Michigan (Frenchtown Township)
- l. I GB = gross beta; GS = gamma scan LLD = Fermi 2 Technical Specifications LLD: nominal lower limit of detection based on 4.66 sigma error for background sample.
<MDA = Les3 than the tab's minimum detectable activity which is less than the LLD.
Mean and range based upon detectable measurements only. Fraction of detectable measurements at specified locations is indicated in parentheses (F). Locations are specified by Fermi 2 code and are described in section 8.0 Sampling Locatnns. Non-routine results are those which are reportable according to Fermi 2 Technical Specifications. Note: Other nuclides were considered in analysis results, but only those identifiable were reported in addition to Tech Spec listed nuchdes W R. t, gEm M- 3 2
.?, m. C.
=st ea=
1 E E. 4
._ ._~.u_m -_ m._____._ _ _ - _*.-____u_ _ _ _ _ --___ -__- __ - - _ - . _ __i____-_.
r ._-'~ . -m+ew--. D w i*-me<- _
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report
- 12. Quality Assurance An important pan of the environmental monitoring program at Fermi 2 is Quality Assurance (QA). QA is a program that provides a method to check the adequacy and validity of the monitoring program. The QA program accomplishes this by independent annual audits by qualified personnel, strict adherence to written procedures, and good record keeping practices. The QA program is designed to identify possible deficiencies in the REMP so that corrective actions can be initiated promptly.
The QA program at Fermi 2 is conducted in accordance with the guidelines specified in NRC Regulatory Guide 4.15, " Quality Assurance for Radiological Monitoring Programs". At Fermi 2 the QA program contains three data comparison programs; (1) EPA Interlaboratory Comparison Program, (2) NRC TLD comparison program, and (3) Independent blind spiked cross check program. The following sections describe and present the 1995 results of these programs. 12-1
i Ferrni 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report l l Quality Assurance l I 1 s
Fermi 2 - 199S Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental , Operating Report i 12.1 US EPA Interlaboratory Comparison Programfor 1995 l i Starting in 1991, Detroit Edison contracted Teledyne/ Brown Engineering Environmental ! i Services to provide analytical results of REMP environmental samples. Teledyne/ Brown q Engineering participates in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Interlaboratory {' ! Comparison program. j In the EPA Interlaboratory Comparison program, participant laboratorie.s receive from the l EPA environmental sample, of known activity concentration for analysis. After the ;
- samples have been analyzed by the laboratory, the EPA reports the known activity r concentration of the samples to the laboratory. The laboratory compares its results to the
, EPA reported concentrations to determine any significant deviations, investigates such
- deviations if found, and initiates corrective action if necessary. Participation in this !
program provides assurance that the contract laboratory is capable of meeting accepted , , criteria for radioactivity analysis. l In 1995, Teledyne/ Brown Engineering performed fony-three (43) analyses of l environmental samples for the EPA Interlaboratory Comparison program. All of the samples results were within i 3 sigma control limits. The results are shown in the j following tables and all deviations, investigations and corrective actions taken by Teledyne/ Brown Engineering are described in the foot notes. 1 12-2
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report EPA INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON PROGRAM 1995 Collection Teledyne Brown Date Media Nuclide EPA Result (a) Engineering Result (b) Deviation (c) 01/13/95 Water Sr-89 20.0 1 5.0 19.00 2 2.65 -0.35 Sr-90 15.0 2 5.0 14.00 0.00 -0.35 t 01/27/95 W ater Gr-Alpha 5.0 2 5.0 5.00 1.00 0.00 Gr-Beta 5.0 t 5.0 6.00 1.00 0.35 02/03/95 W ater I-131 100.0 1 10.0 88.33 2.31 -2.02 (d) 02/10/95 W ater Ra-226 19.1 2.9 20.67 2 0.58 0.94 Ra-228 20.0 5.0 18.67
- 0.58 -0.46 03/10/95 Water H-3 7435.0 744.0 7066.67 115.47 -0.86 04/18/95 Water Gr-Beta 86.6 2 10.0 80.33 2.52 -1.09 Sr-89 20.0 5.0 20.67 2 1.15 0.23 Sr-90 15.0 5.0 14.67 0.58 -0.12 Co-60 29.0 1 5.0 31.67
- 2.08 0.92 Cs-134 20.0 5.0 19.67 t 1.73 -0.12 Cs-137 11.0 5.0 11.67 1.53 0.23 Gr-Alpha 47.5 11.9 39.67 1 2.52 -1.14 Ra-226 14.9 2.2 15.67 t 0.58 0.60 Ra-228 15.8 i 4.0 13.00 1 1.73 -1.21 06/09/95 Water Co-60 40.0 2 5.0 42.33 1 2.52 0.81 Zn-65 76.0
- 8.0 82.33 t 3.51 1.37 Cs-134 50.0 5.0 46.67 t 2.08 -1.15 Cs-137 35.0 2 5.0 37.67 1.15 0.92 Ba-133 79.0 1 8.0 74.33 2.08 -1.01 ;
06/16/95 Water Ra-226 14.8 2 2.2 15.00 t 0.00 0.16 Ra-228 15.0 2 3.8 14.00 2 0.00 -0.46 07/l4/95 Water St-89 20.0
- 5.0 18.33 2 1.53 -0.58 Sr-(X) 8.0 2 5.0 8.00 0.00 0.00 07/21/95 Water Gr-Alpha 27.5 2 6.9 18.33 1.53 -2.30 (e)
Gr-Beta 19.4 5.0 19.33 1.53 -0.02 08/04/95 Water H-3 4872.0 487.0 4866.67 152.75 -0.02 08/25/95 Air Filter Gr-Alpha 25.0 6.3 23.67 i 1.53 -0.37 Gr-Beta 86.6 10.0 84.67 1.53 -0.33 Sr-90 30.0 2 5.0 25.33 2 0.58 -1.62 Cs-137 25.0 2 5.0 27.00 2 1.00 0.69 12-3
. _ _ _ _ _ _ __._._ _ _ ._ . - - _ _ _ _ . _ _ m-_ . _ .- _ __
Fermi 2 - l995 Annual , RadiologicalEnvironmental , Operating Report EPA INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON PROGRAM 1995 , Collection Teledyne Brown Date Media Nuclide EPA Result (a) Engineering Result (b) Deviation (c) l 09/15/95 W ater Ra-226 24.8 2 3.7 27.33 1 1,15 1.19 l Ra-228 20.0 1 5.0 14.67 2 0.58 -1.85 i ! 09/29/95 Milk Sr-89 20.0 5.0 23.33 3.06 1.15 Sr-90 15.00 1 5.0 16.33 0.58 0.46 I-131 99.0 t 10.0 103.33 5.77 0.75 c Cs-137 50.0 5.0 54.67 2 2.52 1.62 Total K - 1654.0 83.0 1683.33 i 136.50 0.61 , 10/06/95 Water I-131 148.0 2 15.0 150.00 2 0.00 0.23 i I l 10/27/95 Water Gr Alpha 51.2 12.8 37.00 3.00 -1.92 l Gr-Beta 24.8 5.0 25.33 1.53 0.18 Footnotes- ' i L (a) EPA Results-Expected !aboratory precision (1 sigma). Units are pCi/ liter for water and milk except K is in mg/ liter. Units are total pCi for air particulate filters, j l (b) Teledyne Results - Average 1 one sigma. Units are pCi/ liter for water and milk except K is in . mg/ liter. Units are total pCi for air particulate filters. 1 (c) Normalized deviation from the known. (d) The normalized deviation marginally exceeded the warning level and an apparent trend in the l results appeared. The cause was a probable high bias in the beta counting efficiency. Check source control charts did not indicate any changes in the counting equipment, so the 1-131 calibration was suspected. New I-131 calibrations were performed July 3 through 6,1995 after receiving a new standard from the EPA.
- The intercomparison sample data sheets were recalculated with the new efficiencies and the average result
- was in excellent agreement with the EPA (96 pCi/l versus the EPA value of 100 pCi/1). The discrepancy in
- l. the 1-131 efficiency between the' current calibration and the previous one (aside from the uncertainty in the l standard) appears :o_be an abnormally low yield in the preparation of the standard for the older calibration which created a high bias in the counter efficiencies. The bias was less than ten percent, therefore further j corrective action or revision of previously reported data is deemed not necessary. !
l (e) The mineral salt content of the water used by the EPA to prepare the samples has been shown to vary substantially throughout the year. Absorption curves to account for mount weight may vary from the !- true absorption characteristics of a specific sample. Previous results do not indicate a trend toward "out of l control" for gross alpha / beta analysis and the normalized deviation from the grand average is only -0.36.
- The normalized deviation from the known for TBE-ES does not exceed three standard deviations and j internal spikes have been in control. No corrective action is planned at this time.
s l l 12-4
l 1 Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report I 1 12.2 Fermi 2 and NRC TLD Intercomparison > The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Direct Radiation Monitoring Network is operated in cooperation with the State of Michigan's Division of Radiological Health. This program was established in August 1979 by the NRC Office of Inspection and Enforcement (IE) to measure ambient radiant radiation levels around NRC licensed facilities and to provide the NRC staff with prompt, independent data in emergency response and assessments. As part of Fermi 2's REMP Quality Control program, TLDs that are co-located with the NRC TLDs are compared with each other to determine if there is any significant difference between the two direct radiation monitor programs. i The NRC maintains 41 TLD locations around Fermi 2, and 21 are co-located with Detroit Edison TLDs. The TLDs are collected by State of Michigan representatives and are analyzed independently of the Fermi 2 TLDs. The results from the NRC monitoring program are published quarterly in NUREG 0837 titled NRC TI1) Direct Radiation Monitoring Network. The data for 1995 is tabulated in the tables below. Only the first, second and third quarters of NRC data was available for comparison. The standard deviation for all data - ranged from 0.1 to 2.0, which indicates a good correlation between the two programs. First Quarter (mR/std Qtr) Station Numbers Fermi 2 NRC Std. Dev. T1 NRC1 13.4 11.7 0.8 T4 NRC36 15.7 13.2 1.3 T5- NRC37 15.1 15.5 0.2 T6 NRC38 15.9 17.8 0.9 T12 NRC25 13.8 13.7 0.0 ) T13 NRC23 17.2 18.4 0.6 i T14 NRC22 16.7 17 7 0.5 T15 NRC21 15.5 15.9 0.2 T19 NRC16 16.7 18.1 0.7 T20 NRC14 18.8 19.1 0.1 T21 NRC15 15.4 15.2 0.1 T22 NRC13 15.3 16.2 0.5 T23 NRC11 16.0 15.9 0.1 T24 NRC9 15.3 13.5 0.9 T27 NRC17 14.2 14.0 0.1 i T28 NRC32 14.2 15.1 0.5 l T30 NRC18 13.4 14.2 0.4 l T32 NRC29 14.7 15.5 0.4 i T33 NRC28 14.4 14.8 0.2 T35 NRC26 14.2 14.5 0.2 T36 NRC40 15.8 16.4 0.3 12-5
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental ! Operating Report i j- Second Quarter (mR/std Qtr)
- Station Numbers Fermi 2 NRC Std. Dev.
! T1 NRC1 13.9 10.8 1.5 T4 NRC36 14.2 12.5 0.8 T5 NRC37 14.6 14.9 0.2 T6 NRC38 14.3 13.7 0.3 T12 NRC25 12.9 11.2 0.8 l T13 NRC23 16.3 16.2 0.0 T14 NRC22 15.7 17.1 0.7 T15 NRC21 15.0 16.0 0.5 T19 NRC16 - 16.2 17.3 0.6 T20 NRC14 17.4 18.8 0.7 T21 NRC15 14.2 14.3 0.0 I T22 NRC13 14.2 16.0 0.9 T23 NRC11 15.1 15.9 0.4 I T24 NRC9 14.4 14.9 0.3 l T27 NRC17 12.8 12.1 0.4 T28 NRC32 14.3 N/D -- T30 NRC18 13.0 12.7 0.1 T32 NRC29 14.7 14.7 0.0 T33 NRC28 14.5 13.6 0.4 T35 NRC26 13.6 13.4 0.1 T36 NRC40 16.0 18.9 1.4 1 Third Quarter (mR/std Qtr) l Station Numbers Fermi 2 NRC Std. Dev. T1 NRC1 13.0 11.2 0.9 T4 NRC36 14.1 13.8 0.2 I T5 NRC37 15.0 ~ 15.2 0.1 T6 NRC38 13.7 16.4 1.4 T12 NRC25 13.2 14.7 0.7 T13 NRC23 15.4 19.3 2.0 T14 NRC22 15.6 18.4 1.4 T15 NRC21 14.6 15.7 0.6 T19 NRC16 16.5 18.3 0.9 T20 NRC14 17.0 N/D -- T21 NRC15 13.9 14.8 0.4 ; T22 NRC13 13.9 15.9 1.0 T23 NRC11 15.5 15.9 0.2 T24 NRC9 14.5 13.4 0.6 T27 NRC17 13.1 14.4 0.7 T28 NRC32 15.1 16.2 0.6 T30 NRC18 12.7 12.5 0.1 T32 NRC29 15.1 15.5 0.2 T33 NRC28 14.8 15.9 0.5 l T35 NRC26 13.7 15.0 0.6 T36 NRC40 15.1 16.5 0.7 I 12-6
Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report 12.3 Independent Blind Spiked Cross Check Program Analytics, Inc. supplies Detroit Edison's environmental laboratory, Teledyne/ Brown Engineering, with blind spiked samples containing strontium-89 (Sr-89), strontium-90 (Sr-90), and iron-55 (Fe-55) on a quarterly basis. As part of the environmental QA program, these samples are analyzed by the vendor laboratory and compared to the known values. To determine if the laboratory results are in agreement with Analytics' known value, a ratio is calculated using the following formula: Teledyne value / Analytics value = Ratio The closer the ratio is to (1.0) one, the better the agreement between the two values. To determine if the ratio falls within acceptable limits, upper and lower limits are established using the sample resolution (supplied by Analytics) and the criteria in following table. 1 Resolution 4 TAgreement Criteria f less than 4 N/A 4-7 0.5 - 2.0 8-15 0.6 - 1.66 16 - 50 0.75 - 1.33 51 - 200 0.80 - 1.25 greater than 200 0.85 - 1.18 I For 1995, all spiked samples analyzed by Teledyne/ Brown Engineering were in agreement with Analytics' known values. The results of the Independent Blind Spiked Cross Check Program are shown in the following tables and control charts. I 12-7
l 1 Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report 1 Fermi 2 1995 Environmental Laboratory Cross Check Program Sr-89 Spiked Samples i Teledyne Analytics Quarter Value(uCl/cc) Value(uCl/cc) Ratio l 1st 7.00E-03 7.93E-03 0.88 2nd 1.80E-03 2.24E-03 0.80 3rd 2.20E-03 2.38E-03 0.92 l 4th 1.10E-03 1.08E-03 1.02 Resolution = 17 Agreement Criterio = 0.75 >= Ratio <= 1.33 r -
)
1.4 -- Upper Umit 1.3 - 1.2 - q g 1.1 - E o + 1.0 -- 4
]
k 0.9 4 N N _e /
/[ .e 0.8 --
g . - - - . ._.. _. . - - - - - - - . - - - - . - - - g __ Lower Limit 0.6 -- 0.5 0.4 ; ; ; 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Quarter 12-8
I Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental l Operating Report l l Fermi 2 1995 Environmental laboratory Cross Check Program j St-90 Spiked Samples Teledyne Analytics Quarter Value (uCl/cc) Value (uCl/cc) Ratio ist 3.60E-04 4.52E-04 0.80 2nd 1.70E-04 2.20E-04 0.77 3rd 2.00E-04 2.20E-04 0.91 4th 6.90E-05 7.13E-05 0.97 l I Resolution = 12.5 i Agreement Criteria = 0.6 >= Ratio <=1.66 1.8 -- Upper Limit 1.6 -- l 1.4 - l U 1.2 -- a ; 5 I 1.0 -- ., Ti o 0.8 + -- _ ____ ,- 5 m 0.6 - - - - - - Lower umit 0.4 -- 1 0.2 l l H 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Quarter 12-9
. . - . . - _ - . . - . . = . . . . .. . - - _ _
l l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report . 1 Fermi 2 l l Environmental laboratory Cross Check Program Fe-55 Spiked Samples Teledyne Ananlytics Quarter Value(uCl/cc) Value(uCi/cc) Ratio l 1st 9.90E-05 1.12E-04 0.88 i 2nd 4.20E-04 4.16E-04 1.01 l 3rd 5.10E-04 4.84E-04 1.05 ! 4th 1.10E-04 1.05E-04 1.05 l Resolution = 12.5 Agreement Criteria = 0.6>= Ratio <= 1.66 i l 1.8 - Upper Limit 1.6 -- , l l i 1.4 -- i {1.2-- o j --- -+ + ;
.. 1.0 -- -, i I
,X '
I
] 0.8 --
o ' % 0.6 - s Lower Limit i l 0.4 -- 0.2-- 0.0 l ; 1st 2nd 3rd 4th I Quarter ) i i l 12-10
f l a l I i Ferrni 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environinental Operating Report l Data Tables l \ 1 l l l l I l l l I \ l l l i
_ _ _ _ . _ . . . _ . - . . _ . . __ ~ .._ _. _ - . _ - _ - - _ __ _ _ . . Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 TLD ANALYSIS (mR/Std Qtr) STATION. PDtST . SECOND .1 THIRD L c. FOURTH L.
- NUMBER 1 QUARTER ! QUARTER- IQUARTERX : QUARTER' T-1 13.4 1 0.3 13.9 1 0.3 13.0 i 0.5 14.6 i 1.3 l T-2 16.9 i 0.3 15.8 10.3 15.4 i 0.6 19.1 i 1.1 j T-3 14.8 1 2.6 12.7 1 0.2 11.9 i 0.4 14.4 10.3 T-4 15.7 i 0.7 14.2 1 0.2 14.1 1 0.3 15.9 i 0.3 T-5 15.I i 0.3 14.6 1 0.4 15.0 i 0.5 18.0 i 2.7 T-6 15.9 i 1.6 14.3 ' i 0.4 13.7 i 0.6 16.2 1 0.5 T-7 15.0 1 0.8 13.9 i 0.2 14.1 1 0.3 16.6 1 0.3 i T-8 15.9 i 0.4 14.3 i 0.4 15.6 i 1.4 16.1 0.1 l
T-9 17.3 1 2.5 14.4 i 0.5 14.6 i 0.9 15.0 1 1.2 1 T-10 18.9 i 2.6 15.3 10.5 15.8 1 0.4 16.4 i 0.4 l T-il 16.5 i 2.1 13.8 i 0.2 13.5 1 0.4 15.4 i 0.3 l T-12 13.8 1 0.3 12.9 i 0.5 13.2 1 0.4 15.3 i 0.2 T-13 17.2 i 1.1 16.3 i 0.4 15.4 i 0.4 17.9 1 1.4 T-14 16.7 10.6 15.7 10.3 15.6 i 0.3 18.6 1 1.6 T-15 15.5 i 0.3 15.0 i 0.8 14.6 i 0.6 14.9 1 0.4 T-16 16.4 i 1.0 15.6 i 0.1 14.6 1 0.7 16.9 i 0.3 T-17 15.5 1 0.4 14.1 10.2 13.6 i 0.3 15.5 i 1.2 T-18 16.0 1 0.7 14.9 10.5 13.9 i 0.5 16.3 10.4 T-19 16.7 i 0.4 16.2 10.9 16.5 i 1.1 17.7 1 0.3 T-20 18.8 1 0.9 17.4 i 0.3 17.0 i 0.4 18.4 1 0.2 T-21 15.4 1 0.4 14.2 1 0.3 13.9 i 0.6 15.8 1 0.7 l T-22 15.3 1 0.1 14.2 10.6 13.9 i 0.2 15.7 i 1.5 T-23 16.0 i 0.3 15.1 10.3 15.5 i 0.6 16.4 1 1.5 T-24 15.3 i 0.3 14.4 10.1 14.5 i 0.3 15.0 1 0.2 T-25 18.6 i 0.4 17.4 i 0.2 18.I i 0.3 19.8 i 0.4 T-26 17.6 i 0.3 17.8 10.5 17.5 i 0.2 19.6 1 0.3 T-27 14.2 i 1.3 12.8 10.1 13.1 1 0.4 13.9 1 0.3 T-28 14.2 1 0.2 14.3 10.2 15.1 1 0.6 15.9 i 0.3 T-29 15.1 10.3 15.3 1 0.4 15.0 i 0.4 17.7 i 1.5 T-30 13.4 1 0.I 13.0 1 0.7 12.7 i 0.2 13.4 1 0.2 T-31 15.7 i 1.2 14.9 i 0.2 14.9 10.7 16.1 i 0.5 T-32 14.7 i 0.3 14.7 1 0.3 15.1 10.2 16.5 1 0.5 T-33 14.4 i 0.3 14.5 0.6 24.8 10.9 15.2 i 0.5 T 34 13.4 i 0.1 13.5 10.3 14.0 10.3 14.3 1 0.2 T-35 14.2 0.3 13.6 i 0.6 13.7 i 0.6 15.6 i 1.2 T 36 15.8 1 0.5 16.0 i 1.1 15.1 i 0.6 16.1 1 0.7 T-37 15.6 i 0.4 15.4 i 0.8 14.6 i 0.4 15.7 i 0.4 T-38 16.5 0.3 16.1 i 0.3 15.7 1 0.5 18.3 i 1.7 T-39 13.4 1 0.7 14.8 10.2 15.9 i 0.5 18.1 i 1.1 T-40 13.7 1 1.2 13.3 i 0.4 14.9 1 0.8 16.8 1 1.1 T-41 14.3 1 0.4 16.8 10.1 20.2 i 1.0 22.5 1 0.8 T-42 16.5 i 0.4 18.9 i 0.3 22.2 1 0.7 22.4 i 0.3 T-43 14.6 i 1.9 16.7 1 0.2 20.4 1 0.8 23.4 i 1.1 T-44 13.1 0.4 16.4 i 0.6 19.4 0.3 20.8 i 0.4 T-45 12.5 10.3 14.3 1 0.2 15.7 i 0.6 16.8 i 1.2 T-46 14.0 1 0.7 13.6 1 0.3 15.2 i 0.5 16.6 i 1.2 T-47 14.4 1 0.3 16.4 i 0.6 19.8 i 1.1 22.2 1 0.7 ; 13-1
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 TLD ANALYSIS (CONT.) (mR/Std Qtr) STATION - HRST- SECOND . . THIRD .FOURTHi NUMBER ' QUARTER # IQUARTERY -QUARTER 6 QUARTER 4 T-48 13.1 10.2 14.5 0.2 15.7 1 0.5 7,7 i 0.2 T-49 18.9 1 0.3 18.9 i 0.2 19.9 i 0.4 9.5 10.3 T-50 17.6 i 1.7 16.4 1 0.7 15.9 i 0.5 17.9 10.6 T-51 13.3 1 0.5 12.4 1 0.4 11.9 1 0.2 14.3 i 1.4 T-52 14.2 1 0.4 13.3 1 0.3 13.6 1 0.6 15.S 1 0.7 T-53 15.3 i 1.5 13.6 1 0.7 14.7 t 0.5 16.4 i 0.8 T-54 15.1 i 1.5 13.5 1 0.2 12.8 i 0.2 14.2 1 0.6 T-55 16.5 i 0.6 15.6 1 0.2 15.4 i 0.2 16.6 1 0.5 T-56 16.2 i 1.2 15.9 i 0.8 15.1 10.2 16.4 1 0.4 T-57 17.7 i 0.2 17.6 1 0.5 17.2 i 0.1 18.0 1 0.2 T-58 15.0 1 0.5 14.2 1 0.2 13.5 i 0.3 15.5 i 1.1 T-59 15.8 1 0.3 13.9 i 0.0 14.2 i 0.5 14.9 i 0.5 T-60 16.7 1 0.6 16.0 10.3 15.2 1 0.4 16.8 1 0.5 T-61 14.8 i 0.4 15.2 i 0.3 15.2 1 0.2 15.8 i 1.5 T-62 16.7 i 0.3 16.3 1 0.4 16.2 1 0.4 17.8 i 1.0 T-63 15.5 i 1.0 14.5 i 0.6 13.9 i 0.8 15.0 1 0.2 T-64 13.5 i 0.3 12.9 1 1.1 14.0 1 0.3 14.7 i 0.3 T-65 13.9 1 0.2 13.9 i 0.2 14.0 1 0.1 14.4 i 0.3 T-66 15.5 10.2 21.4 i 0.3 28.7 i 1.0 28.7 1 1.3 T-67 15.3 0.2 15.0 1.3 14.5 i 0.3 17.3 i 1.6 i i i 1%2
I l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual 1 Radiological Environmental : Operating Report j I FERMI 2 ; AIR PARTICULATE GROSS BETA ! (pCi/ cubic meter) API-I FIRST QUARTER I Stat Delet Ed Dnee:l t %) .M
- 31 l _03-Jan-95 ; 104an-95J_3.50E-02! +/- q.00E-03_
l 10-Jan-95 ! 17-Jan-95 2.90E-02! +/- h3.00E-03
! 17-Jan-95 ! 24-Jan-95 1.60E-02I2~!3.00E-03l i, 24-Jan-95 "31-Jan-95 2.50E-02! +/- j3.00E-03_
! 31-Jan-95 07-Feb-95 3.20E-02 +/- ~ 3.00E-03
[ 07-Feb-93 ] ~14-Feb-95][2.90E'U2il III i 14-Feb-95 21-Feb-95 1 3.20E-02i +/- !3.00E-03 3.00E-Of~ ) l
~
! l 21-Feb-95 l 28-Feb-95'I' 2.30E-02Elfl5.00E-03
, 14-Mar-95 07-Mar-95 )I_ 2._70E-021 +/-j 3.00E4)32.10E!
[58-Feb-95_]l 21 M t 07-Mar @5 I 14-Mar-95 - ar-95 I ! III5~9fi 28-Mar-95 I~50E-02{[2.50E-02!
! 28-Mar-95j 04-Apr-95 l 2.40E-02! +/- [3.00E-03
+/-l5.00E-03 +/ l3.00E-03 i
API-l SECOND QUARTER I sene neee l'Em Deee I" ?Activled #l 4-Apr-95Ml-Apr-95 1 2.60E-02}+/- 13.00E-03 l _11-Apr-95J 18-Apr-95l 1.90E-02l+/- j3.00E-03 1 18-Apr-95. _25-Apr-95 [ 1.70E-02i+/- j3.00E-03 j p 25-Apr-95_ 2-May-95_ l.80E 0_2,[+/- 7 13.00E-03 j l L 2-May-95_ 9-May-95 (a) Ll ! L9-May-95 16-May-95 2.00E-02l+/ I3.00E-03 j lJ6-May-95 23-May_-951210E-02j+/- 13.00E-03 [ 2331ay,-95 . 30-May-95 _1.50E _02[+/_j3.00E-03_lj l 30-May-95 ! 6-Jun-95 1.90E-02i+/ i3.00E-03 l l 33un-9{[l5-luii-95[ ((_~[.Ejif-0]I+I{ 1 3.00E-05] l 13:Jun:95 1 204up95, 2.80E-02j+/ 1J0E-03_j 3
-.20.-J.un-95 .- 27-Jun-95. i . 2.10E-02i+/- i3.00E-03 !
(a) sample not collected (see section 10.2.1) 13-3
~
( l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l Radiological Environmental l Operating Report l FERMI 2 l AIR PARTICULATE GROSS BETA (pCi/ cubic meter) API 1 TillRD QUARTER l l Start Date ll End Dateili s Activity 4) L3;Jul~95 11-Jul-95_j_1._80E-02[ +/- J3.00E_-03_
! I l-Jul-95 18-Jul-95 i 2.70E-02l +/- l3.00E-03_
L18-Jul-95 l 25_-Jul-95 ' 2.50E-02i +/- [3.00E-03_, f 25;J.ul-95 l l-Aug-95 ~ 2.80E-02! +/- j3.00E-03_ g .I:Aug 95_j 8-Aug-95_ 1.90E-02l +/ .j3.00E-03_ ' 7 [ 8-Aug-95_.[._15-Aug-95 2.90E-02; +/- j3.00E-03_ !
! 15-Auc-95 ; 22-Auc-95
~
2.90E-02i +/- [3.00E-03 ! 25Auh-95 , 29-Aug-95 2.10E-02! +/U3.00E-03~ ~ l
, 29-Aug55 5-Sep-55
- 2.90E-02 i +/ 3A0ET3
+/- 3.00E4)3_
L. 5-Sep-95_j.12_-Sep-95_}_
! 12-Sep-95_ j_19-Sep-95 2.40E-0_2 2.50E-02j +/- 3.00E-03 l
l [ 19-Sep-95 l 26-Sep-95 ! 1.90E-02j +/- 3.00E-03 l l L 2_6-Sep-9,5j_3-Oct-95 l 3.60E-02! +/ !4.00E-03 ! l API-1 FOURTII QUARTER l l Staat Date 1 End Dateil? 4 " Activity @ Al i ___3-Oct-95 ( 10-Oct-95 ! 2.00E-02(+/- 13.00E-03 ! l l _10-Oct-95 [ 17-Oct-95]_. 3.30E-02i +/- 3.00E-03 J l l 17-Oct-95 1 24-Oct-95 2.50E-02! +/- 3.00E-03 l { 24-Oct-95 31IUc~tI~ 95 2.10E5i+/ 3.00E-Fl 31-Oct-[_7-Nov-( l 30E412[]/[]35)E-01]
! 7-Nov-95j._14-Nov-9_5 2.60E-02j +/- 3.00E-03 l 14-Nov-95121-Nov-95
~ ! 2.80E-02 +/- j3.00E-03 l 2_1-Nov-95 28-Nov-9513.00E-02 +/- 5U0E-03]
5-Dec_95 _ _ 3.00E-02 .+/: 3.00E-03 i
- 28. Nov-95 j 5-Dec-95 ._12-Dec-95_ _3.10E-02,+'- 4.00E-03 j 12-Dec-95 19-Dec-95 4.40E-02! 4/- l4.00E-03 '
7-Dec-95 _2.00E_-0_2[y.00E-03 l f[ 27-Dec-95 19-Dec-95 h[ 3-Jap-96 4.30E-02j +/- l4.00E-03 ! i 13-4
l Fenni2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report i FERMI 2 AIR PARTICULATE GROSS HETA (pO/ cubic meter) API-2 FIRST QUARTER l SP t stDatetEndDoes'le Acender r1 (_3:Jan:95 10-Jan-95 j 3.60E-02j +/-j4.00E-03_ 1 10-Jan-95 17-Jan-95 i 2.60E-02! +/- 13.00E-03 17-Jan-95 i 24-Jan-95 l 1.80E-02! +/-73.00E-03 l L24-Jan-95 ! 31-Jan 2.70E-02[+/y3.00E-03 j L 31-Jan:95. 7-Feb-95 3.70E-Og +/- 14.00E-03 ; , _. 7-Feb-95_.,_14-Fe_b-95 , 3 30E 02l +/- (4.00E-03_ )
- 14-Feb-95 ' 21-Feb-95 1 3.00E-02i +/- [3.00E-03 I
(21-Feb-95 128:Feb-95 2.50E-02I+55fE[0[ ! ' 28-Feb-95 l 7-Mar-95 2.30E-02i +/- !3.00E-03 j_ 7-Mar-95_, 14-Mar-95... _ 2 90kk +/- j3.00E-03_ 1,4-Mar-95 ! 21-Mar-95 j 2.60E-02l +/-J3.00E-03 21-Mar-95 ! 28-Mar-95 1.70E-02l +/- l3.00E-03 28-Mar-95 ! 4-Apr-95 2.40E-02i +/3 00E-03_ API 2 SECOND QUARTER I Stast Date 1 End Date: I- AetMer * -l [ 4-Apr-95 i 11-Apr-95 ! 3.00E-02! +/- 13.00E-03 !
~
[l1-Ap[95Ti8I pr-95 l 2.20F-021+/ i3.00E-03 l
._ l.8:APr-95_ 25-Apr-95 I 1.60E-02J +/-]3.00E-03 l 25-Apr-95_. 2.-May-95 , . I30E-02 +/ . 3.00E-03_..j !
_2: Man 95 . _9-May-955 1.90E:02,f/ ,3.00E-03_j 9-May-9( l6-May-95,_ l.90E-02! +/- l3.00E-03 ; f_16-May-95 j 23-May-95_j_ l.90E-021 +/-J3.00_E-03 l j y '.30-May-95 23 May-95j! 30-May-95_j 6-Jun-95 _l.7_0E-02[+/- 1 2.10E-02l +/- 13.00E-03 ' j3.00E-03 y 6-Jun55 ll3-Jun-91 3hE-( l3-Jun-95 1_3.10E-02l 20-Jun-95+/- 3.00_E-03 j }k. 2J0E'02[+/- _20-Jun-95_j_27-Jun-95 j 2.20d +/- l3.00E-03 : 27-Jun-95 i 3-Jul-95 i 2.20.E-02! +/- p.00E-03 i I l l i 13-5 i
Fenni2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR PARTICULATE GROSS BETA (pCi/ cubic meter) API-2 TillRD QUARTER l Sigst DageiBad gege" l . Agghtly ,,!j L_3-Jul-95 j 11-Jul-95_ 2.10E-02j +/- t3.00E-03_J i 11-Jul-95 i 18-Jul-95 3.30E-02! +/- { 3.00E-03
" 18-Jul-95 l 25-Jul-95 ; 2.70E-02i+/- I3.(X)E-03 (25-Jul-95 l l-Aug-95 2.90E-02i +/- {3.00E-03 L.1-Aug-95 J 8-Aug-95 J 3.00E-03 _ '
[ 8-Aug-95 ' 15-Aug-951_.2.10E-02[ +/ .j3.00E-03 ...
; 15-Aug-95j 22-Aug-95 I 3.20E-02j +/-2.40E-02! +/- !3.00E-0 L22-Aug-95_i 29-Aug-95 ' 2.00E-02! +/- l3.00E-03
[29-Aug-95i 5-Sep-95 3.20E-02! +/- l4.00E-03 [. 5:Sep-9_5_j 12-Sep_-95_ 3.1OE-02 +/ _ 3.00E-03_
!_I.S-Sep;9_5_ ! 19-Sep-95 2.90E-02 +/- 3.00E-03 i 19-Sep-95 l 26-Sep-95 1.80E-02! +/- l3.00E-03 u_6-Sep-95 2 i 3-Oct-95 3.60E-02! +/_}4.00E-03 j l
l API-2 FOURTil QUARTER l 30erth} End Does 'l + AethWy , d 3-Oct-95__J._10-Oct-95 .l_ l.70E-02l +/- l3.00E-03_j 10-Oct-95 [ 1_7-Oct-95 [ 3.50E-02L 7 +/ _ {3.00E-03 i p 17-Oct-95 24-Oct-95 l 2 30E-02 +/- 3.00E-03 ' , 2tpct-95 _31-Oct-9512.305705 +/- 3.00E-03 j !
._3EQct-95__ENov.-95_j 3.00E-021 +/- 3.00E-03 l
[_7 Nov-95 _ 14-Nov-95 2.80E-02L+/-j3.00E-03 l 1 l 14-Nov-95 21-Nov-95 2.80E-02l +/- 13.00E-03~
~
j 1 Eov-95_[2'8-Nov-95 3 128-Nov-95 _ 5-Dec-95 [3_)IX)5.0((+/TT 3.20E-02 +/- 4.00E4)3 ! IXjE[d)3 l _5-Dec-95_.,12-D.ec-95_1 3.30E4)21.+/- 4.00E-03_ [ 12-Dec-95 } 19-Dec-95 ( 4.60E-02j +/- 4.00E-03 ,
} 19-Dec-95 i 27-Dec-95 {_2.50E-02] +/- 3.00E-03 L.27-Dec-95 ! 3-Jan-96 j 3.70E-02[+/_j4.00E-03 i
i l l 13-6 l I
Fermi 2 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR PARTICULATE GROSS HETA (pCi/ cubic meter)
; API 3 FIRST QUARTER l:SeartDees 1:EndDate!l4 Assiver 2
3-Jan-95 l 10-Jan-95 3.30E-02! +/- !3.00E-03 _10-Jan-95[lsan"U5 2.90Ei2TA/-13A0E-03 Ll_7-Jen-95 l 24-Jan-95 , 1.70E-02J +/- l3.00E-03 24-Jan-95 j 31-Jan-95 2.60E-021 +/- l3.00E-03 31-Jan-95. . 7-F. eb-95 3.00E-02 .+/ ..13.00E-03 ..
;_J_4-Feb-95 Ili! eb-95 F
3.30E U2h7~I3.00E-03~ 21-Feb-95 j 28-Feb-95 l 2.50E-02l +/- i3.00E-03 4 g 28-Feb-95 l 7-Mar-95 j 2.40E-02! +/ I3.00E-03 [ 7-Mar-95. 414-Mar _-9_5 2 80E-02( +/-}3.00E-03_
' 14-Mar-95 ! 21-Mar-95 2.90E-02l +/- !3.00E-03 ! 21-Mar-95 l 28-MarIU5 TIT 605-02[A/73.00E 65~
28-Mar-95 ' 4-Apr-95 l 2.40E-02i +/- 3.00E-03 , 4 API 3 SECOND QUARTER gemetDeeeiEndDoest - < > Activier 1 4-Apr-95 11-Apr-95J 2.80E-02! +/- 13.00E-03 l , 11-Apr-95 18-Apr-95 l 1.60E-02j_+/.-J3.00E-03_j 18-Apr-95 25-Apr-951160E-02[ +/ , !3.00E-03 ; 25-Apr 95_ _2-May-95 J. 1.40E-02Q/-j2.00E-03 j 2 2-May;95 9-May-95 i 9:May:95_]! 16-May-95 2.00E-0 1.70E-02j +/- {3.00E-03 i+/ 4'3.00E-03_j 16-May-95 23-May-95 l 1.90E-02' +/- 3.00E-03 , 23-May-95 30-May-95 1.70E-02 +/- 31X)E-03 l 30:May-95 6-Jun-95 _ 2.00E-02 +/ _,3.00E-03 ! 6-Jun-95 13-Jun-95 1.70E-02. +/- {3.00E-03 j
- 13-Jun-95 . 20-Jun-95 L_2.70E-02.f. +/-j3.00E-03 1 20-Jun-95 l 27-Jun-95 ! 2.00E-02 +/- 13.00E-03 :
[.27-Jun-95 I 3-Jul-95 I 2.50E-02t.W- b.MM.3 j 1 t 13-7
l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual
- Radiological Environmental
! Operating Report FERMI 2 l AIR PARTICULATE GROSS HETA (pCi/ cubic meter) API-3 TillRD QUARTER [SinNIldebEadIldela M ' 1] [. 3-Jul-95_j._11-Jul-95 j i l-Jul-95 18-Jul-95 i _2.30E-02I +/- !3.00E-03 _l 3.30E-02 +/- !3.00E-03
~
! l8-Jul-95 l 25-Jul-95{_2.40E-02l +/-}3I(~Xi52i3 l 25-Jul-95 4 1-Aug-95j _. 3.20E-02l +/-J4.00E-03 1-Aug-95_' 8-Aug-95 i 2.20E-02; +/- j3.00_E03._
8-Aug-95_,.15-Aug:95j_31X)E-02i+/-j3.00E-03 J_
. 15-Aug-9_5_,_22-Aug-95 1 2.40E-02j +/- 13.00E-03 (22-Aug-95 29-Aug-95_. 2.00E-02{ +/-j3.00E-03 g 29-Aug-95 g 5-Sep-95 3.10E-02}_+/ 13.00E-03 l
! ' . 5-Sep-95_. , _12:Sep-95j_. 3.10E-02[+/-)3.00F-03_ l , 12-Sep-95 : 19-Sep-95 j 2.80E-02i +/ j3.00E-03 I
._19-Sep-95_L26-Sep-95d 2.00E-02! +/-j3.00E-03 l 26-Sep-95 _3-Oct-95 l (a)3.30E-02! +/- !4.00E-03 j 1
API-3 FOURTil QUARTER LSenMDetetEndDated = 1 l > Adivity i 3-Oct-95 10-Oct-95 l 2.10E-02Q/-j3.00E-03 10-Oct-95 17-Oct-95 [ 3.50E-02} +/- j3.00E-03 ' 17-Oct-95 3 ._24-Oct-95 2.20E-02] +/- 3.00E-03 ! 24-Oct-95 j 3_l-0.ct-95 2.5_0E-02[+/- 3.00E-03_ '
! 31-Oct-95 I 7-Nov-95 l 2.70E-02i +/- f.S 'l-03
~~ ~
l l 7-Nov-95$ l4-Nov 55i~5.55-U25/~[3.wE255~ IU-Nov55T 21-Nov-9f(2 ] I)52i2h/]3.00E 03T~ j 21-Nov-95_ j 28-Nov-95_[_3.50E4)2j +/-j4.00E-03 t 28-Nov-95 3.10E-02I +/- 4.00E-03 j-Dec-95 l 2]OE-02] +/[ 3Dekjj.]j 5-Dec-95 4.00E-03] 112-Dec;95 { 19-Dec-3.00E-03 [ 19-Dec-95 1 27-Dec-95j_2.30E-02! +/- 3_00E-03_j j L27-Dec-95 ! 3-Jan-96 l 4.00E-02l +/- 4.00E-03 j . (a) sample less than representive (see section 10.2.1) i 13-8 l
I Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR PARTICULATE GROSS HETA (pCi/ cubic meter) API 4 FIRST QUARTER l Staat Date l Bad Date I' n:s -Ac8vkya 1
;_3-Jan-95 j l_0-Jan-95._ 3.50E-02[+/- l4.00E-03 10-Jan-95 i 17-Jan-95 2.90E-02! +/- j3.00E-03 17-Jan-95 ! 24-Jan-95 1.80E-02l +/- 3.00E-03 24-Jan-95 ' 31-Jan-95 [ 2.90E-02! +/ a 3.00E-03 c 31-Jan_-95 7-Feb-95 j_3.20E-0_2i +/- j3.00E-03
.1:Feb:95_; 14-Feb-95J._2.80E-02i+/- l3.00E-03_.,
14-Feb-95 ; 21-Feb-95 i 3.00E-02! +/- !3.00E-03 ! I21-Feb-95 28-Feb-95 l 2.60E-02I +/- !3.00E-03 ' i 28-Feb-957-Mar-95[2.50E-02! +/- [3.00E-03 L. 7-Mar-95_.(14-Mar-95].80E-02[+I-[3I)0E-05[
! 14-Mar-95 . 21-Mar-95 ! 2.40E-02! +/- i3.00'd-03 I ~
21-hiar~95128T h hud5[l.50E2)2! +/- I3.00F-03 l i_28-Mar-95]-Apr-95_L 2.40E-02! +/- !3.00E-03 ] API-4 SECOND QUARTER IsawsneeeIsadnese:1: : Acevar? ol
! 4_-Apr-95 ! Il-Apr-95 3.00E-02j +/- l3.00E-03 l 1.80E-02 +/q .00E-03 !
3
,[Il-Apr-95_(!
_ i8-Apr-95 2_5-Apr-9518-Apr-95_ 1.60E-02 _+/_3.00E-03 l _ 25:Apr:95 _ _2;May-95_ l.80E-02I +/- 3.00E-03j t._2-May-95 _9-May-95 1,90E-02! +/- 3.00E-03 ! 9-May-95 I 16-May-95 1.90E-02i +/- 3.00E-03 ' 16-May-95_j_23-May-95 2.00E-02[ +/- 3.00E-03_g _23-May-95 ! 30._May-95__1.50E-02] +/- 2.00E-0_3.j i 30-May-95 i 6-Jun-95
- 2.10E-02! +/- 3.00E-03 i l
. 6.Jun-95113-Jun:95" 1.905-02I+/-[3.00E-~03 .
13-Jun-95 1 20-Jun-95 1 3.10E-02! +/- !3.00E-03 ;
~
2.40E22l +/ I3.00E-03 4 I20-Jun-95T27-Jun-95 Un-jb_ 3-Jul_-95 l ['5IXiE2)23-]3.00E-0 l l I 13-9 l l
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual , RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report i FERMI 2 AIR PARTICULATE GROSS HETA (pCi/ cubic meter) API-4 THIRD QUARTER 1:StastBees l EmeDateWW AetMer > <M 3-Jul-95_ 1 l_-Jul-95 j. 2._20E-02[ +/- 13.00E-03 Il-Jul-95 . 18-Jul-95 j 3.10E-02! +/- !3.00E-03
- 18-Jul-95 25-Jul-95 ! 2.40EI O2
} +/- {3.00E-03_
r 25-Jul-95 1-Aug:95_.( 3 20E-0_2! +/- j3.00E-03 J 1-Aug:95.4 8-Aug-95 y 1.90E-02I +/- 3.00E 03_ . 8 Agg-95. ..i!.5-Aug-95.j 3.00E-02l +/ . 3.00E-03_ l 15-Aug~95122-Aug-95 j 2.80E-02I +/- 3.00E-03 I 22-Aug-E5[29-Aug-95l 2.30E-02][3.00E-03_] ! 29-Aug-95 , 5-Sep-95 [ 3.20E-02l +/- 3.00E-03_ [ 5:Sep-95_.(12-Sep-95j 2.60E-02 L +/ ! 12-Sep-95_4.19-Sep-95.] 2.70E-02p +/- 3.00E-03_ jI3.00E-03 _19-Sep-95 ; 26-Sep-95 1 2.20E-02i +/,_j3.00E-03 _26 Sep-95 ! ,3-Oct-95 l 4.00E-02! +/- !4.00E-03_ i API 4 FOURTH QUARTER l.Staat Dese 1JEnd Dateil: Adivity ' il 1 3-Oct-95 10-Oct-95 2.00E-02 +/- 3.00E-03 ! 10-Oct-95 17-Oct-95 3.60E-02, +/- J.00E-03 l , l
.lEOcp95.[2&Ocp95 24-Oct-95 31-Oct-9_5 _2_.10E-02! +/- j 2.50Mi2h].3.00E-03 13.00E-03 ' i 2.80E-02[+/-j3.00E-03 _ 1
[ 3hoct-95 { 7-Nov-95 7-Nov-95 ~ 14-Nov-95 { 2.80E-02[+/- 13.00E-03 I 14-Nov-95 21-Nov-951 2.60E-02l +/- !3.00E-03
~
[21-Non9{((8-Nov-9513.20E-02 +/d3.00E-03_ ' ! 28-Nov-95~ 5-Dec-95 ' 3.00E-02 +/- 4.00E-03 . _5 Dei-95 ]2-Deff'I [3.30E Ii2[ +I-[ 4fO53Q] i I I2-Dec-95 1 19-Dec-95i 4.00E-03 i 19-Dec-95 27-Dec-95 h.4. 30E-02j +/l 2 40E-02[+/-j3.00E-03 L 27-Dec-95 _3-Jan-96 J 4.00_E-02] +/-J.00E-(Qj 13-10
1 1 Ferrni2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Ervironinental Operating Report i FERMI 2 i AIR PARTICULATE GROSS HETA l (pCi/ cubic meter) API 5 FIRSTQUARTER I seenesse I sadonceto Aes, sty :I y 3_-Jan-95 10-Jan-95_j_ 3.4_0E-02j +/-J 3.0( E-03_ 10-Jan-95 17-Jan-95 ._17-Jan-95 l _24-Jan-95 i 2.80E-02l 1.60E-02{ +/- l3.00E-03 +/-43.00E-03_] i L 2tJan-95 4 31-Jan-95 2.9_0E-02i+/- l3.00E-03] l , 31-Jan-95 i 7-Feb-95 1 3.20E-02! +/- 4.00E-03
~
1 [KFeSi5 1 IIT 5.I)05~-Of
~ ^ ~ A-Fe5U5T3.5)E 02[fd
[ 14-Feb-95 51-Fe55ff 530E-02 4 00E! E5~ l i 21-Feb-95 t 28-Feb-95 2.20E-02! +/- j3.00E-03 ! ( 28-Feb-95 i 7-Mar-95 2.30E-02l +/- i3.00E-03 ! 7-Mar-95 I~lidiar-95 ~5U6570iiiIdiOUE-03
~ ~
I
~U Mar-95 2I-51ar-95
~
5.6UE U2 Nill 3 UUE UU
~
21-Mar-95 I58-Ma55 UEIE52NI~i3.UUE-03 u 28-Mar-95 ;_4;Apr-95 2.50E-02! +/-]3.00E-03_) j l
)
1 API-5 SECOND QUARTER I seen asse'liEnd Date'l3 AetlWtr El
- 4-Apr-95 Lil-Apr-95 i 2.70E-02j +/- 3.00E-03 l
- Il-Apr-95,J 18-Apr-95J_l.90E-02! +/- 3.00E-03 ! !
I 18-Apr 95j 25-Apr-95 j_l.70E-02[+/-j3.00E-03_j l 25-Apr-9512-May:95 [.1.50E-02[+/ _ 3.00E-03 2-MP.y-95 I 9-May~-95 l 2.10E-02l +/- 3.00E-03 l T 16-May55[2.2UE2ki[500E-03
~
[Utay 95l ! 16-May-95_(23-May-95j 2.00E-02[+/- 3.00E-03 ' _23-May-95__30-May-95J_l.60E-02! +/- j3.00E-03; 30-May 95_6-Jun-95_ J 2.10E-02j +/ 13.00E 03 ' __ 6-Jun-95_ j.13-Jun-95 j _1.70E-02}_+/-)3.00E-03 g 13-Jun-95 ! 20-Jun-95 t 3.00E-02! +/- 3.00E-03 i 20-Jun-95 (27-Jun-95 }_2.40E 02[+I 3.00E-03 <_27-Jun-95,1_3-Jul;95_[. 2.3_0E-02] +/ ,3.00E-03i l l i 13-11
l, Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental ; Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR PARTICULATE GROSS IIETA (pCi/ cubic meter) API-5 THIRD QUARTER j .StartDnee l End Date P 4 -: Acehity < 'I
!._3 .Jul-95__;.. I l-Jul-95_{2.30E-02[ +/-j 3.00E-03_j l i l l-Jul-95 g l8-Jul-95 i 3.10E-02; +/- 13.00E-03 j '
18-Jul-95_L 25-Jul-95J 2.50E-02; +/- i3.00E-03 ! l i 25-Jul-95 i 1-Aug-95 i 3.00E-02! +/- [.1-Aug-95 J 8.-AugkU5 j_2 30Ed)5h-]14.00E-03 3.005'd5' l
! 8__Aug-95 i 15. Aug9. 5 I 2.90E-02j +/- j3.00E-03 L15-Aug-95 , 22-Aug-95j 2.80E-02j +/- (3.00E-03 _
L22-Aug-95 29-Aug-95j. 2.00E-0_2[+/ _.I3.00E-03 29-Aug-95 , 5-Sep;95_i l_5-Sep-95 j _12 Sep-95_[_310E-02[g_j 7 3.10.E_-02[ +/-J3.00E-03 J 3 00E-03] 1 J2.Sep-95 U9-Sep-95 j 2+/-60E-02 13.00E-03 +/- !3.00E-03.j) {_19-Sep-95 J 26-Sep-95 2.40E-02! i i 26-Sep-95 L3-Oct-95 , 3.50E-02i +/- [4.00E-03 l API-5 FOURTH QUARTER [ geest Date L End Date:l ' Activity?
- TI L 3-Oct-95 L10-Oct-95 _210E-02j +/- 3.00E-03 l 10-Oct-95 l 17-Oct-95 3.50E-02! +/- 3.00E-03
[' ]7-Oct-95 j_24-Oct-95]_2 40E-02[ +/-J3.00E-03[ 24-Oct-95J. 31 Oct45 2.40E-021 +/_3.00E_.03 31-Oct-95'~ 7-Nov-95 3.20E-02 +/- 3.00E-03 ! ~ 7-Nov-95~ ~ id-Nov-95 ~5.~50Ei d2
~ ^AI ~ '5i)UEd3I Il'4-Nov-95 i 21-Nov-95 1 2.70E-02I +/- 5.00E-03 9
[ 21 -Novi~5]58-Nov-95 I~5.2dF202 1/[32Ei52i[] i 28-Nov-95 5-Dec-95l 3.20E-02, +/ 14.00E-03 . Sijhe-d. . I2:Dec-95]5015h02i((+I-).005.-}3.'~l 12-Dec-95 l 19-Dec-95 4.40E-02! +/- i4.00E-03 . i I9TDec-95 ! 27-Dec-95] 2._60E-0(A[3.00E 0[] 27-Dec-95_i 3-Jan-96_L 4.00E-02l +/-j4.00E-03_ t
}
l i 13-12
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR IODINE - 131 (pCi/ cubic meter) API I FIRST QUARTER I StastDoestEndDade!l> Aedvity; 4 3-Jan-95 ! 10-Jan-95 ! < 3.00E-02 i 10-Jan-95l 17-Jan-95 I < EAEf0E 17-Jan-95124-Jan-95 < 3.'00E IO2 24-Jan-95 31-Jan-95 < 3.00E-02_j 31-Jan-95 7-Feb-95 ! < 2.00E-02 ! _7-Feb-95 14-Feb-95 j._<[2.00E-02 j _14-Feb-95 21_Feb-95_j_ < 4.00E_-02 i 21-Feb-95 28-Feb-95 < 4.00E-02 ! 28-Feb-95 7-Mar-95 < 3.00E-02 l y -Mar-95 7 14-Mar-95 22.00E-02 l i4-Mar-95 21-Mar-95l <J._00E-02 i 2hMar-95 28-Mar:95j, <j3.00E-02_j [ 28-Mar-95 4-Apr-95 L<j3.00E-02 l API-l SECOND QUARTER l Start Dele l EndDate IN ( AeWultr9 d _4:Apr .95 11-Apr-95j < 3.00E-02 I l-Apr-95 18-Apr-95 j < 2.00E-02 18-Apr-95 25-Apr-95j < 4.00E-02 25_-Apr-95 2-May-95 i < 3.00E-02 j 2-May-95 9-May-95 I (a) I hMay:95 I6:May-95_ ; _<[4.00E-02 l L 16-May-95 23-May-951 <l3.00E-02 l f23-May[30-May-95 j <l[5_5)E-02 [303]ay:95 J 6-Jun-95_L <j 2.00E-02_j l 6-Jun-95 4 13-Jun-95 1 <l2.00E-02 l
._13-Jun-954 20-Jun-95] <f 2.00E-02]
20-Jun-95 1 27-Jun-95 i <t2.00E-02 ! [~5Uu$A5D-Juf95T<i2.00E-02] (a) sample not collected (see section 10.2.1) 13-13
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 I AIR IODINE - 131 (pCi/ cubic meter) API 1 THIRD QUARTER lhMTM Dete' l 5"M d 3-Jul-95 11-Jul-95 ! < 11-Jul-95 . 18-Jul_-95_I._
< 1.00E-02_! l2.00E-02 !
_18-Jul-95 _25-Jul-95__ < 3.00E-02 , 3 ) 25-Jul-95 1-Au.g-95__ <j2.00E-02_j
, 1-Aug-95 8-Aug-95 ,_
< 2.00E-02j l _8-Aug:95_15-Aug-95 i < 2.00E-02 l _l.5-Aug-95_. 2_2-Aug-95. j__< 2.00E-02_
_22_-A.u g-95 29-Aug-95 I < l .00E-02_ ' 29-Aug-95 5-Sep-95 I < 2.00E-02 ! 5-Sep-95 12-Sepl 5 I T3.00E-027 12,Sep-95 19-Sep-95_j < 2.00E-02 I 19-Sep-95 .26-Sep-95 [_<. 3.00E-02_ ((_2@Sep-95_, 3-Oct-95_.j < 2.00E-02 l API 1 FOURTH QUARTER Start Date 1:EndDate'li Aceh4tr 1 I _3_Oct-95 10-Oct-95 _ .
< .5.00E-02, 10-Oct-95 17-Oct-95 < 5.00E-02y 17-Oct-95 24-Oct-95 ! < 2.00E-02 j
_ 24-Oct-95 31-Oct-9_5j < 2.00E-02 j 31-Oct-95__ _ _7-Nov-95 .; < 2.00E-02 j 7-Nov-95_ 14-Nov-95_i.. < i 3.00E-02_ j , _14-Nov-95 21-Nov-95.J.._ <f 2mE-02.j l l t 21-Nov-95 28-Nov-95 i <!3.00E 02 ! I h ov-95_((55cc:95[.j3@Jj2] 5-Dec-95 12-Dec-95 i <j2.00E-02 i 12-Dec-95 19-Dec-95
~
< 2.00E-02 I l9-DeAUS ~5i-Dec 55 I < 2.00E-02l u 27-Dec-95_1_3-Jan-96 ' <[3.00E-02 l i
i 1 13-14 l
i l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annua! l Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 l AIR IODINE - 131 l (pCi/ cubic meter) API 2 FIRST QUARTER I genstDees1 te8Dade la AceMay El 3-Jan-95 _l.0 Jan-95_.i_<[3.00E-02j ,
._10-Jan.-95 17-Jan-95 . _< 2_.00E-02_ ' !
17-Jan-95 24-Jan-95 < 3.(X)E-02 24-Jan-95 31-Jan-95 < 5UUE~'U5~j 31-Jan-95 7-Feb-95 7-Feb-95 I id-Feb-95 1
<{2.00E-02
< 2.00E-02 I4 1 Feb-95 21-Feb-95 [21-Feb-951 28-Feb-95 ! < 4.00E-02 <1 00E-02.
28-Feb-95 7-Mar-95 l < 3.00E-02 7-Mar-95 14-Mar-95 < 2.00E-02 14-Mar-95 _21-Mar-95,_gy .00E-02__j 3 j
.. 21.-Mar-95_. 2_8_-Mar-95j _ <!3.00E-02 i l _28-Mar-95_4-Apr-951 <I3.00E-02 l API 2 SECOND QUARTER ,
1 lStartDate Pend Dateil 9 +AmeMer-i 4-Apr-95_ I1-Apr-95 i < 4.00E-02_ ; 11-Apr 95_ ,18. -Apr-95 l < 2.00E-02 i l 18-Apr-95 25-Apr-95_j_< 4.00E-02 _2_5-Apr-95 2-May-95 j <[3.00E-02_] 2-May-95 9-May-95 ,. <l3.00E-02_J p.9-May-95 _ .16-May-95_ ' .. < 4.00E-02 l
' 16-May-95 2_3-May-95 i < 3.00E-02 j 23-May-95 30-May-95 ; <
30-May-95 . 6-Jun-95 j < 3.00E-02_j) 2.00E-02 2.00E-02 6-Jun-95 i 13-Jun-95_]j <!2 00E-02 13-Jun-95 20-Jun-95 . [_20-J_un-9527-Jun-95 j_gj2.00E _0_2 [ 27-Jun-95 j 3-Jul-95 i <!2.00E-02 I l I l 13-15 i
Fermi 2 1995 Annual , RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR IODINE - 131 (pCi/ cubic meter) API 2 THIRD QUARTER e-3-Jul-95 11-Jul-95 < 2.00E-02 11-Jul-95 18-Jul-95 < 2.00E-02
~1S-Juldi 25-Jul-95
~
ll3I00E U2
~
[55-5i~i5TI-Aug 5f[ < 2.00E-02 j 1-Aup95_j 8-Augd5_j < 2.00E-02 ; 8-Aug-95_ 15-Aug-95 < 2.00E-02_j _15-Aug-95 22-Aug-95 _<f2.00E-02_.; . 22-Aug-95 29-Aug-951_<,I I.00E-02_y 29-Aug-95 5-Sep-95l < 2.00E-02 i 5-Sep-95 I 12-Sep-95J < 3.00E-02 4 12-Sep-95 19-Sep-95 l < 2.00E-02 i 19-SepME 26-Sep;W5Hidi[02_ L26-Sep-95m 3-Oct-95_,_ <l2.00E-OL API-2 FCURTH QUARTER IamtcaseI:sesasse14 AceMar si [_3-Oct-95 _10-Oct-95 i < 5.00E-02, 10-Oct-95 j 17-Oct-95 _ < 5.00E-02]q 17-Oct-95 24-Oct-95 i < 2.00E-02q , I 24-Oct-95 31-Oct-95 ! <h00E-02 j 31-Oct-95 7-Nov-95 (<!3.00E-02i : [. 7-Nov-95 _ 14-Npv-95j_<}3.00E-02 1 14-Nov-95 21-Nov-95 i <!3.00E-02 :
~
[~21-507~95 28'Nov-95 l <l3.0U5~Ui~) 28-Nov-95 } 5-Dec-95 i <j3.00E-02 I
,_5-Dec-95 JI12-Dec-95))).00E-027
_12pec-95 19fe_c-953 _.< 2.00E-02_ 19-Dec-95 p 2.7-Dec-95 L. < 2.00E-02_ _27-Dec-95 1 3-Jan-96 i < 3.00E-02 13-16
Fermi 2 - l995 Annual Radiological Enviroamental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR IODINE - 131 (pCi/ cubic meter) API-3 FIRST QUARTER , l StagtDagg j:.ggdgage l l A ggl @ tl ! 3-Jan-95 10-Jan-95 i < 3.00E-02_.j 10-JanM5_. . l_7-Jan-95_._ _ . < 2.00E-02 j _ l.7-Jan:95 3. 24-Jan-95 < 3.00E-02 , 24-Jan-95 31-Jan-95 < 3.00E-02 i 31-Jan-95 7-Feb-95 < 2.00E-02 ) 7-Feb-95 ~ 14-Feb-95 < 2.00E-02 14-Feb U5 "21-Fe555 ~
< 3.00E-02 ~
i 21-le595 i 25-Fe595~ < d.~005-02 l 28-Feb-95 , 7-Mar-95 < 3.00E-02 i _7-Mar-95 j.14-Mar-95]_< 2.00E-02 l I4-Mar-95 21-Mar-95 l < 3.00E-02_j 4 _21-Mar-95_ 2.00E_02. { .: l 284 jar-95 , _28 4-Apr-95 Mar-954_<<l3.00E-02 L = API 3 SECOND QUARTER l stortDets l End.5miiisiMaAether 1 _.4-Apr-95 11-Apr-95 ! <@.00E._02 j 11-Apr-95 18-Apr-95.j < 2.00E-02_j 18-Apr-95 25-Apr-95j < 4.00E-02 ! 25-Apr-95 2-Ma',-95 i < 3.00E-02]
,_2-May-95 9-May_-95 l < 3.00E-02
[ 9-May-95_ 16-May 95 ._<T4.00E-02 [. . I6-May-95,23-May-95 < 3.00E-02_ 23-May-95_}i 30-May-95 ._.6-Jun-95 [_< 2.00E-02j 30-May-95[i < 2.00E-02_j _6-J_un-95 i 13-Jun-95 l_f2.00E-0_2_j 13-Jun-95 20-Jun-95~ <i2J)0E-02 ! ~ ~ 2(5Iun ~9f '27-Jun-95 '~ <I2.U0E'-02l [I7Ju'r$ UI]~5~Jul-95" { <[2.00E32] 13-17
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 l AIR IODINE - 131 l (pCi/ cubic meter) l API-3 THIRD QUARTER l StastDate-l BadDeeeWAc'Joity4 el l _3-Jul-95 220E-02.._.] 11-Jul-95 11-Jul-95 18-Jul-95 j[_<
< l.00E ~
[8Uul55 252ul5f[ d' iO0E 02 l 25-Jul55" ~ 1 7 Aug-95 I < 2.00E-02 l l-Aug-95 ,_ 8-Aug-95 i <i2.00E-02 l 8-Aug-95 15-Aug-95J <I2.00E-02_j 15-Aug-95 2_2-Aug-95_ _< 2.00E-02.j
.,22-Aug-95 29-Aug-95 < l.00E-02 j 29-Aug-95 5-Sep-95 < 2.00E-02 l 5-Sep-95 12-Sep-95 j_ 5 3 00E-0_2_j 12-S.ep-95 19-Sep-95 l <i2.00E-02 j l_9..Sep-95J 26-Sep-95Lg. 3.00E 02j 26-Sep-95 l 3-Oct-95 j(a)s2.00E-02 i l
API-3 FOURTH QUARTER j i l SlastDate l RadDniet " Activity d I 3-Oct-95 10-Oct-95 < 5.00E-02
~
[10-Oci5f 15 ct-j5{<[5.0UE-02 , 17-Oct-95 24-Oct-95 : < 2.00E-02 24-Oct-95 31-Oct-95 < 2.00E-02 31-Oct-9i~ 7-NoI-95 I E' 3.00E-02
..._7-Npv:95 __. 14-Nov-95 j _ < 3.00E-02.
14-Nov-95 21-Nov-95 i < 3.00E-02 I~5i~Nov-95 ' 28-Nov-95 IliOUE~0f , 28-Nov-95 [ 5-Dec-95 [ <l3.00E-02l __5;Dec-95,.}_12-Dec-95 '_.,512.00Eq2] 12-Dec-95 19-Dec-95_ .g}21X)E-02 j _19-Dec:95 ., _2EDec-95_._ g 24pE-02 j 27-Dec-95 3-Jan-96 4 < ,3.00E-02 3 (a) sample less than representive (see section 10.2.1) 13-18
1 i i Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual ' Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR IODINE - 131 (pCi/ cubic meter) API-4 FIRST QUARTER seennede IEsas noset' 'AmeMer 61 , 3-Jan-95 3.00E-02 j 10-Jan 95_j 10-Jan-95 17-Jan-95 4 <<
.. _. 2.00E-02_
17-Jan-95 24-Jan-95 i<_ 3.00E-02_.. , 24-Jan-95 l 31-Jan-95 l < I3.00E-02 1 31-Jan-95 [ 7-Feb-95 3 < 2.00E-02 ! 7-Feb-95_1.14-Feb-95 < 2.00E-02 j 1&Feb-95 < 3 21-Feb-95 _21-Feb-95_l_<4 28-Feb-95 00E-02_j 4.00E-02 i
~ ~287eb-95 l~f~ Mar-95 i < 3.00E-02 t 7-Mar-95 14-Mar-95 ! < 2.00E-02
' 14-Mar-95 3.00E-02 l 21-Mar-95 Q.f2.00E-02 21-Mar-95 28-Mar-95 l < 28-Ear 55~ lhr~95h[5.(E)E}21 API-4 SECOND QUARTER i l SeanDoes It End Date-l3 Acehder d _ 4- Apr-95_ ,1EApr-95 j < _; 3.00,E-02_ _lhApr;95 18-Apr-95 i <_ 2.00E-02 ._
-Apr-95 25-Apr-95 ( < 4.00E-02
]
2-May-95 l < 3.00E-02 g 25-Apr-95 _2-May-95 9-May-95 .L,< 3.00E-02 j , 9-May-95. ..j 16-May-95 l <_ 3.00E-02] l t 16-May~95 23-May-95 l < 13.00E-02 i
~
_23-May-957i55ayI5 [7]2.00E-02 , 30-May-95_ 6-Jun-95
< 12.00E-02_
t 6-Jun-95_13-Jun-95 < 2.00E-02 1 l 13-Jun-95 l 20-Jun-95 < 2.00E-02 E20-lun55 l 25-Jun-95 < I2.iE)5-02 L 27-Jun-95 L3-Jul-95 < !2.00E-02 1 13-19
Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR IODINE - 131 (pCi/ cubic meter) API-4 THIRD QUARTER l l l genrg Dage'l gad Dele'lt AcIlvkr 31 l 3-Jul-95 11-Jul-95 i < 2.00E-02_j l _. ]1 -Jul-95_ _1_8-J_ul-95 _.. _<: _.l .00E-02_ i _18-Jul-95 25-Jul-95 < 3.00E-02 25-Jul-95 1-Aug-95 < 2.00E-02 1-Aug-95_._8-Aug-95_[ < 2.00E-02 ; ) 15-Aug-95 i < 2.00E-02 i 8-Aug-95 15-Aug-95_. _22iAugd5))]2.00E-0[ l 227 Aug-95 . 29:A_ug-95_I_ <j l .00.E-02 _ l 29-Aug-95 5-Sep-95 J2.00E-02 5-Sep-95 12-Sep-95 i < 3.00E-02 ' j 12-Sep-95 Ll9-Sep-95 < 2.00E-02 l 19-Sep-95 26-S_ep-95 < 3._00E 02 l 26-Sep-95 3-Oct-95 j < 2.00E-02 i l i API-4 FOURTH QUARTER , 1 SlastDateIEndDate l > Activity I l 4.00E-02_ _3-Oct-95_I.10-Oct-955.00E-02_ _10-Oct-95 i< 17-Oct-95 [ < 17-Oct-95 24-Oct-95 i < 2.00E-02 ; 24-Oct-95 31-Oct-95 i < 2.00E-02l 31-Oct-95 7-Nov-95 1 < 12.00E-021 7-Nov-95 14-Nov-95_J. <..J3.00E-02] 1 Nov-95_ 21-Nov.95 < J3.00E_-02.j .. 21-Nov-95 28-Nov-95 i < !3.00E-02 ,
~28-Nov-95" 5-Dec-95 < i3.00E-02 i 5-Dec E5 5 I2 Dec-95 i < IE00E-0(I N$Dec-95 19-Dec-95 .] 5.00E U 19-Dec-95 27-Dec-95 i < i2.00E-02 '
27-15c5513-Jan-96 < l35UUE~02 i 13-20
Ferrni2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental ; Operating Report i FERMI 2 l AIR IODINE - 131 (pCi/ cubic meter) API-5 FIRST QUARTER l l StartDess i End Dale l': Acevity 1 3-Jan-95_ j_10-Jan-95 j < l.00E-02 j _10-Jan-95 _ 17:!an;95.j. s . 1.00EG i 17-Jan-95 24-Jan-95 ._24-Jan-95J[_<j_ 31-Jan-95 < 2.00E-02 l 2.00E-02 31 -Jan-95 __7-Feb-95 _Ls.j 1.00E-02j 7-Feb-95 14-Feb-95 l < jl 00.E-02 ' 14-Feb;95 21-Feb-95f < 2.00E-023 21-Feb-95 28-Feb-95 i < 2.00E-02 i 7 581Eb-95~ 7-Mar-95 < 2.05E-021 7-Mar-95 14-Mar-95 < l .00E-02 14-Mar-95 .~ 21TUar-95 < 2.00E-Oi~
~ ~
21-Mar-95 28-Mar-95 l <'iO0E-02
~
i [28-Mar-( AAph951<~ 1.00E-0{ API 5 SECOND QUARTER l StartDoes FEndDateil: NAcehder l _ Apr-95_ Ll_1-Apr-95_.] <_ 2.00E-02 i
.II:Apr-95__._)8:Apr-95 j < l .00E-02_ I 18-Apr-95 25-Apr-95 i < 2.00E-02 25-Apr-95 2-May-95 n< !2.00E-02j 2.-May-95 9-May-95 ! < 3.00E-02 ! ;
.9-May-95 16-May-95 [ < .2_00E-02 164{ay-95 j.23:May.-95 ! <a2 .00E-02j
,23-May-95 30-May-95 g<j2.00E-02
_30-May-95 6-Jun-95_J < j 1.00E-02 l 6-Jun-95 13-Jun-95 , < l.00E-02 i I 3"PE ((50-J_un-di~<- 1.00E-02 J l _20-Jun-95 l 27-Jun-95 < j 1.00E-02_j l
, 27-Jun-95 1 3-Jul-95_..: < l2.00E-02_)
i 13-21
I l . l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report l FERMI 2 1 AIR IODINI'- 131 (pCi/ cubic meter) API 5 THIRD QUARTER l:ggart3steMSm8 Sdell? Acehity d 1 3-Jul-95 l 11-Jul-95 < l.00E-02 l 11-Jul-95 [l[Jul-95 < l.00E,05 l . [ i _18-Jul-95 25-Jul-95 _
< 2.00E-02 .j 25-Jul-95 1-Aug-95 < l.00E-02 j 1-Aug-95 8_-Aug-95, a < l.00E-02_j 8-Aug-95 15-Aug-95 < [1.00E-02j ;
.15:Aug-95 ' 22-Aug-95 i < _ i 1.00E-02_ l 22-Aug-95 , 29-Aug-95 l < II.00E-02_j 29-Aug-95 { 5-Sep-95 l < 2.00E-02j l 5-Sep-95 12-Sep-95 [ < 2.00E-02] l
_._12-Sepj5__19:Sep-95 < l.00E-02 ! i I9:Sep-95 26-S.ep-95_ < 2 00E-02 j _ l _26-Sep-95 3-Oct-95 < l.00E-02 l l l l API-5 FOURTH QUARTER l Start Dass I.:End Date@7 Aedster M1 _3-Qct-95_ ,10:QgtJ5 l < 3.00E-02 _. 10-Oct-95 17-Oct-95 ! < 2.00E-02 1 I 17-Oct-95 24-Oct-95 < 2.00E-02 24-Oct-95
)l-Oct-95, 31-Oct-95 7-Nov-95_ < jj_<.,1.00E-02 1.00E-02_j j L. 7:Nov-95 _ _14-Ngv195 g < _ ,1,00E-02 .l ! 14-Nov-95 .21.-Nov-95_, < ,2.00E-02 j ; 21-Nov-95,_28-Nov-95j_<j2.00E-02 i l 28-Nov-95 _5-Dec-95 , < l2.00E-02 !
5-Dec-95_ 12-Dec-95 4 < _j 2.00E-02_i j _12;Dec-95 19-Dec-95 f _< .1.00E-02_j 19-Dec-95_. 27-Dec-95j_<_ 1,.00E-02] u 27-Dec-95 [ 3-Jan-96 : <,1.00E-02 i l l l l l i 13-22
I Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental \ Operating Report FERMI 2 i i AIR PARTICULATE QUARTERLY COMPOSITE ANALYSIS ; I API-I (indicator) ; (pCi/ cubic meter) l lNuclide ; Llo First Ouarter ' 1lJ E Second Ouarter (a) e :1 ge-7 j 1.42E-01I +/- l.40E-02 l _ 1 1.68E-01l +/- l1.70E-02 t ;
!K-40 I
9.11E-03.+!4.35E-03 +/- l ! 7.57E-03,) +/- !4.33E-03-, i Mn-54 - lg<!5.00E-04! _ . _ [._ < L5.00E-04'_]_ ! i Co-58 i < L 8.00E-04 .. _ _ _ _ . L5l_6.00E_-Nf _, j!_ _ j feJ9 .L$ 3.00E-03t [5 2.00E-03b , ! St60 _j_5j. 6.00E-G4( __ _ j_<LS.00E-04l q
!Zn-65 ! <; 1.00E-03' i <! 1.00E-03) 2 ~~
i IZrI5d-95 i l <i 8.00..E__04I!
! Ru .103 .-.
L_<! ._8.._0_0_Ed._E...)f l <;--.1.00E-03 t - .- _ .! <! 1.00E-03[- - .. _ -- 1 __._.-.__., s4_____. _ _ _ .._._..I 3 Cs-_134_..___ , <i q._.3_5.00E-04l {< _j lCs-137 i_( 4.00E-04i__ ! <[ 4.00E-G4 4.00E-04 : i (Ba/La-140 l___gj l.00E-02(. . 1.00E-02_ _ [_ ! p ged41 L i 2.00E-03]_ '
._ _ _. l]_ < i_<
2.00E-03
;C.
n _e-144
. .!_<a t
3.00E-03f ___.p I lRa-2,26 i_ ['; <. <._ [! _4.0_0E_-03.4__t 1.00E-02! -. l y<! 8.00E-03;+ 3 [Th-228 <j_ _9.00E-04l <! 8.00E-04l l iSr-89 2 <: 2.00E-03' <! 2.00E-03! f:90 _ ._j((g((.[5] M _ _ . . u 5!_42)UUUja._ j API 1 (indicator) , (pCi/ cubic meter) lNuclideo l ?Ihird Quarter N 1la Fourth Quarter - 2l i t 1.30E-02 ! 1.08E-0Il +/- !! 1OE-02 ! (Be 7
<!L127E9lj+f_l lK-40 l 8.00E-03; 4._ l.09Ef)2[gd4.50E-03 i,Mn 54__. 4. 5[_4J00E-04l Et 8S __ L5L 6.00E-04 . __ . _ _ .
((__.,545.00E-04{_j__ 5.l. 7.00E-04l .[ j C:59_. _$[ 2.00E-Og._ _ [C
,l y60_ __.L5; 4_,00E.04.L. __ ______ ..ig;2.00E-03{
(_<;_4,00kO4j__ J__.L .__._ j [Zn.-65___.l_ <[ 1.00E-03! j p <l 1.00E-0 j (ZrN:95 ,j__g 7.00E-04 __!_ l (Ru:103.._[.5L 8.00E-04p ._, . _ _l. g_7.00E_-04L_jgL_1.00E-03[_ l _ _ _ l [Ru-106 <j 3.00E-03i i <l 4.00E-03 _.. {._ hCs-134 <g00E-04L_ l< 4.00E-04j [ ; Cs-137 L.<y : 5.00E ! ! <! 4.00E-04 _ _ . .
-_ 7i<_. 71.00E-02
[Ba/La_l4015L 1.00E-02L, _ ;
;9e- 3 41_.i. <,I_.2.00E-03j .. _ _
_ j _ <; .. 2.00E-03,[_ ._ . !. .._ _ _ ;
,Ce;l_44_ ___gg2.00E-031
[ Rag 26 $L _6_.00E-031 __ _ i 5;_3.00E _{5L8.00E-03; 03{ l _. _ _ i <l 6.00E-04! ___ _ i_7.00E-04 < ._ L _ jTh-228_15[
,Sr-89 . ___ . 9EEyf .,_ 1 -_.._ 45(_.3_.00E-03; [_ _ . _ .
;Sr-90 _c5'_1.00E-n4L_l__.
' <; 4.00E-04L '
(a) sample less than representive (see section 10.2.1) j 13-23 l
T Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual
- Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR PARTICULATE QUARTERLY COMPOSITE ANALYSIS API-2 (indicator)
(pCi/ cubic meter) i lNuclide* Wrka 4 First Quarter = 4m ^ Second Quarter **+1 3 lBe-7 ! 1.27E-01 +/- i1.30E-02 ! i 1.74E-01! +/- 11.70E-02 ! ! !K-40 I 5.37E-02 +/- 7.80E-03 I < 7.00E-04 (,<j,1.00E-02h [ 5.00E-04 cms 8_ _,< i iMn-54_.,j_g(L1.00E-03 p fe:59 _
< 3.00Eg3n.
_[_ gL 7.00E-04
; <L3.00E-03 __d ___;
Cm60 < 7.00E-NI l i <j 6.00E-04Iu i i _L <j. 1.00E-03! ! (Zr/Nd-95 _51.
< l .00E-02:00E-0(3! ! _g._g 9.00E-04 {
jRu-103_ gi2.00E-03[ _ _[l_. }. gL1.00E;03 p ..._, l 1 Ru-106 4 <l 6.00E-03l ! $(5.00E-03).__, __J Cs-134 ! <! 7.00E-04! <l t 6.00E-04Q
;Cs-137 <j 7.00E-04j g 3 5.00E-Nl __
ga/La:140 <l 1.00E-02 l.00E-02 _. l_<{ S;Ce-141 [l_gj_2.00E-03[_4_
.3.00E-03 3.00E-03 _ _
e .144 t Ra-226 [gjgj 1.00E-02 1 <l 5.00E-03 _,3__
]<l 1.00E-02i j
j h h228 l <L 9.00E-04 l gj 1.00E-03I i i !Sf-89 3.00E-03 q_5 2.00E-03 i j lSr.90 _j_j ! <l
< 5.00E-04]!_. _ i <t .00E-04l._
4 .J._ _ ,___.j l API-2 (indicator) (pCi/ cubic meter) lNuclideJ "l-' J Third Quaner t ' I= : Fourth Quarter 7 l 4 [Be-7 J 1.41E-01 +/- {1.40E-02 ( l.16E-Ol(+/- l1.30E-02_j
<l 1.00E-02 ! <! 1.00E-02! _j (K-40 [_
iM n-54_ ] <j 5.00E-NE _ l gy6.00E-04[_j_____ J
. cms 8 .__j gg. 8.00F-04 _ .p_ i g _{ __i
[.e-59. _($L_400F03l j j._gg[._9.00E-04 2.00E 03 1 St60 j.__<j. 5.00E-04j L i 4 6 00E-04.y Jn-65 ! <L_1.00E-03L_j_ _[_,_ .5 L 1.00E_-03l_ i _
!Zr/Nd-95 ! <! 8.00E-04L <i _9.00E-04j !
___ _ _.l
;Ru-103 _ ! <' . l .00E-03 !_....
<* 2.00E-03t-._ _.
l
, - .- .. _ . . ; . 7. . - - -_ .y- ,-
3 .---
, << 5.00E-04: . -<l- - 5.00E-Ni lCs-134 ;.Cs- 137 l <[4.00E-04j. J._gl 5.00E-ML _ _j
[Bala-140j <! 1.00E-021 [ _<4 200E-02[_.., l
,Ce-141_ _ !_ g ,.1.00E:031__j ye 144_j j, 2.00E-03L__[ ___ j.{5[, <! 5.00E
. 03l_ j3.00E-03l _ .__j , __ [ ._ _, _. j
' Ra-226 i <! 6.00E-03: ! . <! 1.00E-02; Ii5'23ii <: ~MI v... %._6_.00E_,..
I < -~1_.00..E. . 0. 5I !
. ._- .._, ..-- .I t -...p. q~.--_+-
fr-89 Lgt._l.00E-03j_ _ .__ i_$gl. 00E-03;. i _. LSr-90 ' <j 3.00E-04; _ i < 2.00E-04[ .j __ 13-24
1 1 Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report i FERMI * , AIR PARTICULATE QUARTERLY COMW) SITE ANALYSIS l l API 3 (indicator) (pCi/ cubic meter) l l lNuclide? - l: First Quarter I -- Second Quarterf il ! iBe-7 l_I 1.54E-Ol[_+/- 1.50E-02 ! 1.41E-01.L+/- 11.40E-02;
!K-40 f 8.51E-03 J_ +/- 4.09E-03_Q 8.26E-03 +/- !4.60E-0 iMn-54 1 <i 6.00E-04 j <! 6.00E-04 "Co..-5 8 _ i <! .
I 9.00E U5. [ i
<f 8.00E.04 .. -_....__.l
'Co-60 < 7.00E-04 < 5.00E-04 Zn-65 T<[1.00E-03. 1
] !
Zr/Nd-95 R.p.103_ __.
<i 7.00E-04[
l,00E:03 ,_ _, I'~ [1[<T .00E-03. . , . _ ' j _8.00E-04,
.5j_5 ._._.._l Ru-106 . 00E-03: <[51.@E03Q.
"Cs- 134 <!
__ L .00E-03]
<l 6.00E-04L j!
ys-137 i < 6.00E-04L_[ 6.00E-04 g_<J 5.00E-04j l ! J Baia-1,40 2.00E-02 j_5! 1.00E-02i_{ j j (Ce-1,41_[J 3 [<
$( 3.00E-03 _ _
<{ 2.00E-03 .j _ _ _ ___]
I LCe-144 t
$J_2.00E-03pl y
'Ra-226 7_5l. 4.00E-03g_
<! 1.00E-02i <! 8.00E-03.' I J Th-228 _,_3_1.00E-03
[~ _ _5j_ 8.00E-04 __j [Sr-89 <i 1.00E-03' <! 2.00E-03 i {Sihb...._.{b. 5hgD3[. ..._ _.___.j_g[ M Ej04 _ _ _ _ l API-3 (indicator) (pCi/ cubic meter) lNuclide" 'l1 Third Quarter (a) c 'l : : Fourth Quarter 2 cl I lBe-7 l 1.24E-01 +/- 1.1.20E-02 ! J 9.81E-02J_+/ ;9.80E-03 j [K-40 6.71E-03g +/-j3.52E-03 ! <L2.00E-02l. . L_ i _ _j
!Mn-54 q j_ <j_6.00E-04 !
5.00E-044
'Co-58 I .$ <! 7.00E-04 ~ ~~~ ~ ~j <! 8.00E-04! l :
IE.e.._'5._5
-. _.t.I_2 3. _00._E.._703 1 _ 7I 3.0. _0E.. _u._4 _2)~3~ I# ~ "
__j__ _ yg60_ <( 5.00E-(M{. LZn-65 i <j 1.00E-03J _ ; 3__2.00E-03]_ .6_ 00E-014 jZr/Nd-95_y_g; 8.00E-04 ._ _4_g;_100E-031. j _ . _ . , [Ru l03_ ! gL 100E _039_ _..
<; _100E-03(_. .
39-106 igj 5.00E-03 ,, _ <!.. 5 00E-03_ y __ _. .
$s-134 <l 5.00E-04, <! 6.00E-(M !
;Cs-l'.E <
Ce-141_
.[_j 4.00E-0}4 jBa/La-140.1 <j_ IB0E-02j i $j_l 00E-03{ __ _ ,j _gL'[}._____g<!_5.00E-04j
_J_g[ t20E 02L ___ j 2.00E-03 7
][{
<~i~8]X5~05I j~~~l
.Ce- 144 . <i 2.00E-03! l <i 2.00E-03.
R 226 b -.a
--- -- - ..q l <C.005.. 7 I... ...[
^
_03% l j .~ -.- . . q [Th:22,8j__ _<j 6.00E-041]__._J_<4 7.00E-04Q,__._ _j
}E89.._.. [._<i._6 00E-04L __j_ 4._$1 6.!X)E 704j i
@r-90_.__l f IfX)E-04j_ J _. _ _ l <l 1.00E-04i _ I.,_ _ _.., _ ;
(a) sample less than representive (see section 10.2.1) 13-25
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 AIR PARTICULATE QUARTERLY COMPOSITE ANALYSIS API-4 (control) (pCi/ cubic meter) INuclW. SF < c First Quwer' 'F WW 1 iBe-7 l ! 1.15E-Ol} +/- 1.20E-02 li l 1.39E-01 +/- i t.40E-02 i fK-40 ! 8.81E-03 +/- h.56E-03 jMn-54 [<l<!8.00E-03J_[... 5.00E-044_ i
<[ 4.00E-04,__
j Co-58 .._. _<! __7.00E-04: . _ _ . _ _ . _ _ . _ 6.00E.-04.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . e.-.-_._ .--., _ _ . - . , ', .;Co-60 }, . < ! 6.00E-04l. .-t <l 5.00E-04 ,i 2 Zn 65 L5j_l,00E-03( _$ 9.00E-04, ,_,j 2r/Nd-95 ($ _L_54 7.00E-04 j ! [Ru:,103 _j_..1.00E-03j__ $(( 8.00E-04J _ _ _j <! 1.00E-03 _ i ! Ru-106 lCs-134 j_<l
< j l <! 4.00E-031 5.00E-04 __} __ . ._4 4.00E-03g!_
<j 4.00E-04 l
;Cs-137 . J <! 5.00E-04; L ($1 6.00E-N! !
) l .00E-021.._ 4 1.00E-02 _j jB4a-140L${ 2.00E-03j i Sed 43 _ . ._5L_ l 3.00E-031__J_ __ g_ _gj 2.00E-03_
; [Ce-144 <1 <! 3.00E-03 !Ra-226 <i 8.00E-03! -
1 <! 7.00E-03 i__ j
+ ;
. Th-228 <l 9.00E-04_ ~
<! 8.00E-04 hk9_ ___ <[ 2.00E-03 t i
!.Sr-90_ ._ <l
]. _g) 3.00E-03L_{5.00E-04L_1_ <! 4.00E 04[_ _ _[ . ____,] _ __
i , API 4 (control)
- (pCi/ cubic meter) l lNuclide ~ t Third Quarter -l, = Fourth Quarter ' :l i iBe-7 !
l 1.39E-Ol{ +/- ll .40E-02 1 8.81E-021+/- ;9.10E-03 j lK-40 _. I 1.61E-02j +/- 3.60E-03 7.47E.-03, +/- 3.58E-03 ! LMn-54 (4,00E-04L L.< g 00E-04 i
;Co-58_ _ < 6.00E-04L._ , <J _ 6.00E-04 _._
___ _ j [C:59 _,. _5[_2.00E;03[_ _ , ,__g 2;00Eg _. ! Co-60 <! 4.00E-04; i <! 5.00E-04! iZ. n-65 ._j_ _,.<:1_.0. 0E-03
, )_ +_. _!. _
__.__,I <! 1.0_.0_E_ _03._,!
!Z_r._/N.d_-9.5: <_7_00_E_._04!
4_.,! !
..m_<+.._8. _.0. 0.. E.._0._4. ! _._I__._._l t
f__. .. ._.. _. _ _ . Mu-103.. <j 9.00E-04 _ ,_._ _.1 <Lif)0Li-03{__ y 1Ru-l% _g( 4.00E-03[__g _. . _. j
<l
<! _4.00E-03y!
5.00E-04' <! 4.00E-04l rCs-134 ! l 4 + . Cs-137 _1< 4.00E-04 l !< . _ . _ ; Aa/ Lad 40#<!_100E-02 L _ h_-[ 1.00E-02l i gj 6.00E-04 _ Se-141_ _ _ _. l _sL_ljpE-03j __ _._ _bg[_3.00E-03 2.00E-03[_
;Ce:144_.4[_
, Ra-226 {_2p0E-03[_
< 6.00E-03j [ <i 7.00E-03; _j g228 i<1. 6.00E-04; __ _; < _.__. ;
is_r-89 L5L 8.00E-04[_ _ _ ] <;j 8.00E-04l_ _1.00E-03g __
!Sr-90 .... E.g 2.00E-04j_. ! <! 2.00E-04L 1. _.
13-26
i Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual ; Radiological Environmental l Operating Report l FERMI 2 l AIR PARTICULATE QUARTERLY COMPOSITE ANALYSIS l API-S (Indicator) (pCi/ cubic meter) lNuclide9 el> ? First Quarter ab 4
-Second Quarter:- -M lBe-7 _ L, l .22E-Ol i +/ _Jl .20E-0_2,_j l 1.37E-01 +/- ll.40E-02 j !K-40 1 8.llE-03i. +/- !4.38E-03 i 9.71 E-0 _+/.,13_.6_7.E. _-03__1, s.-_ t ._.
[hjn-54 j < 5.00E-(MI f <j 3.00E-( ! I_ i
.I I fCo-58 ;Fe-59
_ j_54 < 7.00E-04 2.00E-03 _. __ .J_ < d gj[_.12.00E-03' 00E-04 _. __ ; Co-60 l
<! 4.00E-04; J <j 5.00E-N , .J iZn-65 1.00E-0: _ _ . . <! 1.00E-03!. l :
lZr@d-95_.j_<j 7.00E-04{_ _l. j46.00E-04 j ___ j (Ru-103 ! <i 1.00E-03! 1 <! 9.00E-04; ! Y
~
RuS106 1 I <[].00E-03 __k]0I)kO_.([ (Cs-134 ! <L5.00E-04;_,( <i 4.00E-04j.__J l
;ps-137 .I ._<.,!_4.00E-04! l l 5.00E-N! ! !
_. g <:) 8.00E-03 Ba/La-140 j_g{._1.00E-02j_j _5 __L j SC-1il._ ._$ _1 J)0E-03. . _j _ __ <i _2.00E-OL ; jpe-144 , <(2.00E-03 2 _j _
$42.00E-03f ] j (Ra-226 _j_4< 6.00E-03l
_j_ ; 7.00E-03 jTh-228 <! 6.00E-04j_ j_ <! _6.00E-0441 lSr-89 <! 4.00E-03) J < 2.00E-03j ___ l
!Sr-90 _, _g!_9.00E-ML .._ j_._ _ __ 3._00E-04L_ _]l_ < __ _j API-5 (Indicator)
(pCi/ cubic meter) lNuclide < 2 ls ? Third Quarter 3 1
l = ' ' Founh Quarter 4 'l !Be-7 4 j l.47E-01l +/- jl.50E-02 i_9.90E-02! +/- 19.90E-03_;
[K-40 J <! 1.00E-02CL_ <! 8.00E-03! _J_ (Mny54_ .. i f __6.00E-04j i
<j 4.00E-04L_j _ _j SO48, _ . _5(.IJX)E-03 . _ _,_ _g4_6f)0.E-04, y . __ j ye-59__. .__5j _ 2.00EJ31_._ _ r _ . ,__gt }00Ep3w.. l 6 $t 0__ __J <L 6.00EJ4[_J_ l 5; 4.00E-04}_[_ __ _ ,
LZn-65__L.j._100E-03L ! _ __g;l00E-031 _!_. _ jZr/Nd-95 ! <! 1.00E-03[ ! .,_ <L_7 00E-04j _ ___i pu l.03 ._, $jJ00E-03(_ J. !
<l _ 9.00E-04L _ ___
(Ruy106_ _, _<L.5fX)E33j _J_ _ ._ ug( 3.00E;03[__ .l g-134 } <l 6.00E-04 r j_ < 4.00E-04! S1(37 ._}_<}_ 6f)0E-041,_ _{p 5_.00g-N} _.__,j_g(! (Ba/La:140 _<l 1JX Q 2l
;Ce-14L __ _._g[ 2J)0E-03; J[_ _{ <j 1.00E-02l __ _ _j
_ __ _j_ j <2.00E-03j _ __ Se-141_l__!
;Ra-226
.5!_2.xx)Eg3J_L_
<j 8.00E-03j [ !
_._L$JiX)EJ3j __ _
<j 6.00E-03
[Th:228 1, <L8.00E-041_j __ ; <: 6.00E-04L ! Pr-89 L<i 9.00E-04L] ! <L 2fX)E@3! _ _ _ . iSr-90 _ l.. <! 100E-04J . J l <: 3. 00E-04! j. 13-27
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report l FERMI 2 MILK ANALYSIS M-2 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter) l Nuclide7 l i12-JAN = 'li a1&FEBc !I- @ >16-MAR El
!Be-7 ' .00E+0l
<l 3 i i <> 4.00E+01 :0.00E+00 ! < 3.00E+01l 0.00E+00 h3 { hE+0[3[j .t ~[}l.40E+02 l ~I336E(03h{ _/]l30E+U([lME+U3.l +hl.30E+02 f }in-54 _1< 4.00E+00; i <( 4.00E+00 0.00E+00 <! 31X)E+03 j0_.00E+00
;Co-58 < 4.00E +00,_ 0.00E+00 ;l< 4.00E+0X) .
0.00Et00
< 9.00E+00
_ __4 <i_4.00E+00 (<; 91X)E t00 4000E+00 i gg 9.00E+00 0.00E+00 j j (Fe-59__[I (Co-60 In-65 Z __4.00E+00 _ ,.
" l.00E+0lf
__ _j_ ! 5.0(g+00Ld0.00E+00ig,
! <! 8.00E+00: ,0.00E+00
_4.00E+03
< 9.00E+00:
q 0A)Et00_j
'0.00E+00 l lZriU-'US < 4.00E+00 <! 4.UUE+00' [0.00E+00 < 4.00E+0U IU~dOU+00 l IRu-103 < 4.00E+00, 4.00E+00 l_ 0.00E+00 l <i4_.00E+00' j0.00E+00]
l < 4.00E f 01Q (<l 4.00E+01g 0.00E+00j <i 3.00E+01 [Ru-106 4 {0.00E+00j
- l. ;Cs-134 4_ <j 4_.00E+00, ._
_ . LgL4.00E+00{ _j0.00E+00 l ... <[ 4.00Et00L j0.00E+00 ! ,Cs-137_.4 <L4fX)E+00, _ j _5L4.00E+00p g.00E+00 < 4.00Et00; .0.00E+00_j j (11a/La,140 i < 5.00E+00 l <j_6.00E+00 ; l0.00E+00j <! 5.00E+00: 0.00E+00_j
;Cc-141 <, 6.00E+00 l
$1 8.00E+00 0_._00E+00]
0.00E+00 4 <l 6.00E+00\
;Ce-144 _<
Mt226 _ L g(l73)0E 2.00E+0IQ( i 0lj _ L _ _.. 3.00E+01 0.00E+00 _
<l 9.00E+01[ q .00E+00j <; 7.00E+0140.00E+00_
gp 0
< 2.00E+01 4000E+00_j iTh-228 <I 7.00E+00: <! 8.00E+00. .. :0.00E+00 ! <, 7.00E+00. ;0AX)E+00 l iSr-89 <! 2.00E+0U! <!2.0UEiUU ;0.00E+00 i <! 2.00E+00 U[U0E+05" f h90 1.30EiUUT2.00E-01 ' l.20E+00( +/ fITXf-01[
] 1._70E+00!
<; 3.00E-Oll +/- [2_.00E-0I
[l:131 _ [ <L.._2_.00E-Oi! l0.00E+00 L <! 2.00E-Oil 0.00E+00_ l l l Nuclide?lJ 4 i l3-APR' '
l" t il-MAYi ' I a 25-MAY? d lBe-7 <! 5.00E+0l j ;0.00E+(X) I <' 3.00E+0ll 10.00E+00 i <: 3.00E+01 ,0.00E+00 i i h .. .
$1n-54_.__g[.5.00E+00
..l.33E+03l +/:jh3'0E}U~2]((.l l.39EiO3]f /_. 1"[0Et02_((L32E t 03}((UE{U(
L 4.00EfX)(_3 000E+001g; . 4.00E+00 0.00E+00 j eCo_-58 <j 5.00E+001 10.00E+0040.00E+00 1 < i<l 4.00E+00 J0.00E+00 L,<[_4.00E+00MO (X)E+00,..
< ,1.00E+011 0.00E+00 <l 9.00E+00 0.00E+00 ! <> 9.00E+00'
[Fe-59 4000E+00_
,Co:60 _ 4 <i 5.00E+00: < 0.00E f 0Qj
;0.00E+00 ;,QO0E+00_ 0.00E+00 l <L SEE 00
_ <{ 4.00E+00 _ ${ JfpE+01[ .9.00Ef 00 .__ 0fX)E+00.J _<gl.00E+0lp 0.0QE+(X) (Zr/Nd-95Zn-65
; <g 5Hgf 00_ ,0.00E+00_ . <; 4.00E+00 40.00Et00_45,_4_.00E+00; 0.00E+00
;Ru-103 <l 6.00E+00. ;
0.00E+00 <;4_ .00E+00 0.00E+00 L <,_4.00E+00 j0.00E+00 yu-106.__.. <j 5.00E+01l ,0.00E+00 1 g 6=00E+00. <l 3.00E+01{ 0.00E+00_j_5L4.00E+00 j'0.00E+00 0.OCE+004 < 4.00E+00{ ' <i_4R)E_+0th j0.00E+00 q j0.0 Ms-134_y _Cs-137 . . <j . ( 6._00E+00l 00J . 0.0(@t
<L 4.00E.+001 ,0.0(g100 g<; 4.00Etq 00 _ ;q00E+003 l ala:_140. .5[ 5j)0E t 00,_ yflE+00 Lgh6.00E+00 j0.00E+LO4.5; 5JX)EM)0 g j0lX)E 100 q C g f <! 8.00E+00 0. 00E+00_,l
$ e-14_1_ p l 1.00E+01{_J.00E+00 i_<i 8A)E 003.00E+01_y0.00E 'X) J ye-l_44__ j 4.00Ef p,q 0l 01)0E+00 i <i _;0.00E+00,,4 <; 3.00E+01 0.00E+00]
3.a-226 ___gLIjpE^02 4 q fpE f 0 00 4.9fpEf0lgjg00EtW4 <[9f)0E f01, 0.00E100 81)0E+00 0 0 00E+00 f <l _7fX)E+00{. 4 00E+00
- jTlq228
;Sr-89 __J._g[. ._ ,2JpE+00 SJ 1,00E+0lb t _.j0.00E+00 4pME+00 54J),00E 00.
i__Sil.,0E+00,,0 j _gi3fpE+0(_
,0R)E+00 j _4
- Sr-90 I i 1.20E+00 +/- !2.00E-01 i ; 2.10E+00 +/ :2R)E-01 ; ' l.40E+00: +/- l2.00E ,
l1 131 ! <l 2JX)E-01 0JX)E+00_ L$OH)E-0l{ JO1)0E+00 < 3.00E-0ICU X)E+05 f ' I 13-28 ! i a
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual " RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 ' MILK ANALYSIS M-2 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter) ! i lNaciale*l: * ' 8-JUN 3 : l : *- e 22 JUN t i/ i 13-JULJ ^' 4l
!Be-7 ---<j 3.00E+01 :0.00E+00
- <l. 3.00E+011
!000E+00. l <: 3.00E+0ll :0.00E+00 l II IMn-54 E 3.00E+dd I0.00E+00 <j 4.065 UU; 0.00E+00 4.00E+00- ~6UdE!66 1 :
ko.58 s 3.00E+00; 70.00E+00 1 g 4.00E+00 166UE+00 j <! 4.00E+00 0.00E+00 l [EE59 < <l 9.00E+6$ l0.00E+00 <!~I~00E+01 E6d5I~0d 6.00E+00 +- _.{'O.00E+00 e- 4.00E+00}; -
- 4
.Co-60 3.00E+00. 10.00E+00 <! .l0.00E+00 4.00E+00 10.00E+00 IZn5- ~ < 7.00E+00. 670U5iO6 7 ~2I~ ldd5A06I 600E+00- <! 9.0d 360
.00E+d6~l
~
IZr ~[Nd55 < 3.00E+00 :0.00E+00 b <! 4.00E+00 500E+00 [<l 4.00E+00 0.00E+00 IRu-103 <! 3.00E+00 0.00E+00 b! 4.00Eidd 0.00E+00 IEI 5.00E+00 EUU5idd
~'
IRu-106 <i 3.00E+0i[ E60E+00 7 3.00E+01l I.00E+00 0 i <; 4.60E+01l
~
0.00E+U0
-'0.00E+00.- -'E[ 4.00E+0d -_ , 0.00E +00 <' 4.00E+00'
'Cs- 134 - < 3.00E+00 - . - .. _
.,-;0.00E+00. - - ,
1 [5ia'II573U 1 E. IO0E+00! ~[0.00E+00 ~i'~ " EI 6.00E+00 !0.00E+00 <. 6.00E+00 [6IdU5iU6 ~ ! Ce-141 TEi 6.005!UU 0.00E+00 <l 9.00E+00; i0.00E+00 25 6.00E+00 !0.00E+Uil Ice-144 < 2.00E+01 l0.00E+00 <j,.4.00E+01l .
;0.00E+00 <! 2.00E+0i[ dUU5100.,l ;
7 ' ira-226 < 6.
._. 00E+01I - l0 .00E+00 <i - 1.00E+02' .- 0.00E+0C .._ <! 7.00E+01 10.00E+00 ,i
. L _. _ _ . .
g _- . _ j : L -
- + .
t .Sr-90 1.30E+00. +/- 12.00E-01 1,10E+00; +/- l2.00E-01 ! ! 1.40E+00l +/- l2.00E-01
< 2.00E 01 0.00E+00 <:
[I-131 _ IUUE-01Q0.00E+00 i c 3.00E-0[]00E+00 l l l Nuclidet a 27-JULJ 9l3 :10-AUG: Vl; : 24-AUG A El
<j 4.00E+01{ :0.00E+00 <j 3.00E+0!I <. l0.00E+00 l
[Be-7 [0.00E+00 3.00E+0J i K-40 1.26E+03: +/- 1.30E+02 1.35E+03[ +/- 1.40E+02 1.38E+03: +/- II.40E+02 3.00E+00[))EdUE+00
. [Mn-54 < 5.00E+00: ;0.00E+00 < <
,O.00E+00
~_.._.!._3.00EEUUI..__
ddUNIU0~
- Co-58 <3; 5.00E+00+' g00E+00 < 3.00E+00' <l 3.00E +00' :0.00E+00 ITe75 9 <l 1.00E+01L--.n.0 00E+00- . - - .[< w 8.00E+00 0.00E+00 <i 8.00E+00 I.00E+0d~
I,Co . , 5.00E+00, <l . :0.00E+00 ..
<l . 4.00E.+00 ;0.
- 00E+00 ...
1
-. <I.
w.a . 4.00E+00; .. 0.00E+00 ..,
. . ~ ,
!Zr/[Wid[' < 5UO5iODI 10'd0 Idi I iud 5A00 60UEiOO~ ~I EI" ddO5id0f OlUdfiOO l
< 5.00E+00 ,0.00E+00 <l 4.00E+00 6UO5A00 [2 4.00570U E665!U6~ I IRu-103~ ~
huliO6 ~
<[ diU5iOi IidUE+00 2 3.00Eidi~ d60E+00 i <! 3.00E+01 5605A0d l ICsI[54 2 5.00E+00 E00E+00 <I' 4.00E+00 6005+00 I~ < 4.00E+00 .00E+06 7 i
pC_s_137 .
< _5 00E+00;
-_._.t
- 0.00E+6El
.*_..__._._,_ .r~_4.00E_+00I
.._ ._..p. !EEiUU~I y .. _E _ ._p <i 4.00E+00a iO.00E+00
_.r...._.-__ l
< 6.00E+00 '0.00E+00 ' -< 5.00E+00. ;0.00E+00 : <! 5.00E+00: ;0.00E+00 f(Ba/La-140 e!]di <I 1.00 idil 0.00E+00 ~5i 5.0U570if ;0.00E+00 l <; 6.06I5 U! l0.00E+00
'Ce-144 4.00E+03 ;0.00E+00 ! <i 2.00E+01 0.00E+00 ! <7 m - 2.00EI61[ ,:0.00E+00_
- Ra-226 < 1.00E+02; 'O.00E+00 <i 7.00E+01l 0.00E+00
!0.00E+00 i <i 6.00E+01t
- Ih-228 < 1.00E+01)
- 0.00E+00 1
<l 6.00E+00 U$00E+00 7 6.00E+00 0.00E+00 i l f"Sr-89 2 50dEAU0 UIOU5A061 AT"50dEIOUI ~iEDUEIO6~ ~ ! 'i'0U57dO"
~
EdO'EA00 ! iSr WO "i 8.90E-Olb/- !1.30E-01 l 1.UdEiOU"i[NiddE5 753055 U[A[IOUE'-U5~ l i "]7131 ..-.a 2.00EM I _-.IL-.u< ! 3.00E-Ol ..__. IO.00E+00_.J._ 0760E_+00. 4.00E-01[_.:0.00E+00. 13-29 n - . ,
Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental ; Operating Report ; FERMI 2 MILK ANALYSIS M 2 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter)
^
l Nuclide4 <M &7-SEP3 -d;,s 7 21-SEP) -lJ We T12-OCT 1 i I Be-7 <! 3.00E+01~ j0.00E G < 3.00E+01 !0.00E+00 , <; 3.00E+0lj 'O.00E+00 l ~_
, K..40.. . _ T, T385T03 +/- IUUEIO T_.y.T25E70([ F[1.30E+02 i 1.22E+03'.
_ __a _+_/.1.2._0E+02 ~ _ JMn-54 <; 4.00E+00; 0.00E+00 ! <' 3.00E+00. l0.00E+00 l <l 4.00E+00: ~
!O.00E+00 ' i
! < 4.00E+00 i e p 10.00E+00 ]< 4.00E+00 _ _2;0.00E+00 3.05ETO0Md.00E+00 !
I}Co-58I <ll
- 4 .,_ t .~
8.00E+00, 0.00E+00 < 8.00E+00; !0.00E @ i <! 8.00E+00: i0.00E+00 !
,Fe-59 . ~ '
- Co _60_._ _ _< _._4.00E+00,_-__ r _ L0 _.00E+00__ < 4. 0.
._+. .0._0E + 00 i <i 4.00 O._.
._}._..__ _00E _+00+___4_.. _ ._._.4_ _
r- -
!Z <, <
g_n .6_5 9.00E+00;~_,! O.0._0E_+00.8.00E.+00! _ _._.M _ _ + . l0.00E+00 .i ._< l.__8.00E +00:;.__.j0.00E+00
- r....__._
!Zr/Nd-95 < 4.00E+00; l0.00E+00 c 4.00E+00: ;0.00E+00 l <! 4.00E+00; {0.00E+00
[Ru-103 ~~2[ 4.00E+00 0.00E+00 < 4.00E+00' l0.00E+00 f <I 4.00E+00' j0.00E+00 J lRu-106 < < 3.00E+01 l <; 3.00E+01
._- 3.00E+0ll + __.4...10.00E+00 l0_.00E+00 _ _ _ _ _
_4'0.00E 00 l ,
< 4.00E+ 4._ _ p.00E+00-r' Cs-13_4 - _._ . .#._ _ _00: !O _._._ ..L < _.4.00E__.4-+00. l0.00E+00 p...<. rl...4. 00E.+_0_0 i
L . _._E+00j0.00! _... 4 i C 4.00E+00; l0.00E+00 1 < w_,.! 4.00E+00' :0 _4_.00E+0._0.-_J t_s_.1_ _37. _ ... _< ___4.00E+0,0l g:0.00E+00 }[ < 1 iBa/La-140 _ 5.00E+00;._ ;0.00E+00
< 5.00E+00; .
;0.00E+00 ! <; 4.00E+00; t l0.00E +00 _ _
7 p-.C _e- 14_1 . __<_7.00_E_+00g .-
.!O.00E+00 m.. !. < ! ._...E+00; 7.00 3;0.00E+00 ! <! 7.00E+00,; _.m._,0.00
_E+00 4l y' __,< ! 3.00E+0_1) e.00E+00 . c 3.00E+0ll Cc-144 < 3.00E+011 !0.00E+00 !0 !0.00E+00 l
+ -
7
!Ra-226 9.00E+01 0.00E+00 9.00E 4 <! .3 0_1{__j0 00E+00 ; <j 9.00E f01] 0 00E+00]
Th-228 <l 7.00E+00; !0.00E+00 <i 7.00E+00 ;0.00E+00 i <i 4_.-._2 Sr-89 [< 3.00E+00; i0.00E+00 <l 2.00E+00 :0.00E+00 l <; 7.00E+00' 2.00E+00l 4 ,- __;0.00E+00_..ll l0.00E+00 1 IS T i.10E+00: +/-12.00e-Oi ~ N 20EId,O: +/- i2.00e-0i i i 1.40E 1 00! +/- !2.00e-Oij i k.r-90131 h 2.00E-OiI j0.00E+00' < 2.00E-01{}0.00E+00 f 2.00Edil 0.00E+00 l [Nuclide" 14 W 26-OCT cl> U6-NOV" % ; 14-DBC x 1
<j 0.00E400 f
}' .B_e . 7 _4'__.9 3.00E+011 40 00E+00 j <;p_._ _3.00_ _E +011 :0.00E+00
! c 3.00E+0ll 1.30E+ q i ~.-i :
.., ._.w._ . .. _03 + +/-,_l. 1.3_0E+02 l l 1
' K.-_.4_0_ _ b ._ -_1.27E+03!
p _...; +/-r_._._ l1.30E_+02 4
. 1.35E+03!._+/.g
_ .4 3_0E+02..___q L' M. n_._54_._. , 4.00E+00 10 00E+00 i <j 4.00E+00.; . _.+,0_.00E+0_0 ._ _,i,<! _3_.00E+00l
. _ 40 00E+00 ;
!Co-58 <j 3.00E+00;_ . _ . _;0.00E+00... <! 4.00E+00 :0.00E+00 i 3.00E+00 !0.00E+00 !
n + a _ .- .+__.e__-_._,
.!Fe-59
<y; . 9.00E+00,
;0.00E+00 l _ <i _8.00E+00; __4,0.00E+00 . 4__<c i
! 7.00E+00l .
- 0.00E+00
; ___.2 1
{. C._o-60 1( 5.00E.+.00l 10.00E +00
! <i_ __3.00E+00: iO.00E+00 ! <! _4.00E+0_0; _..___l0.00_E+0. ~0__i, L._
~l ,
<l ;0.00E+00 l < 8.00E+
- q !0.00
_ _ _E.+00 y _<+ _.8. 00_E+00. __ ..p!0.0_0E +GO. _. l 4 lZ.n. 6_5 __ ._m- 4. .. _9.00E +00. ,...,......___..4......._._._..i.........+..._._........00: jZr/Nd-95 4.00E+00- l0.00E+00 <; 4.00E+00l 4.
;0.00E+00. ! <!
_ _ _ i .! 3.00E+00!
.-+. . . _ . . , !
<}
,Il5~1I55 -- I4.00E+0fl6t DOE +00 4 i
4.00E+00 4 1600EId'0 t-
<I 3505Ad~0 U[0.00E+00 '
dTOUE+dd
' Ru-106 < 3.00E+0 lj_ ._+10._.0_0E+00_.-_4 1 <; 3.00E+01l !O.00E+00 ! <! 3.00E+01 l0.00E+00 ]
.__4
'0.00E,00 ICs_-134_..
r . ,__< _4.00E_+00 _ . _p __4
!0.00E+00 t < m__. t l _ m_3_.00_E+00.;_4 i0_
.00E.+_00 l
__ {' O. _.00E._+00_q __ ,I__ 4.00E_+00. C. _3._7_.~._<p._4.00E+00 g.s_1.. ._ . _.# . . _ . ,- - 4<! 00E+00,. + _ _ . - 0.00E+00 i 4.00E+00! _...__a !0.00E+00a!
; B.a_/lA. - 140 <! 5.00E+00; :0.00E+00 p i
<l 5.00E+00. l0.00E+00 ; <: 4.00E+00' l0.00E+00 t r w _._.4 __.4 pM. .
-C ;
9.00E+00.; .._._.t!O.00E+00 l c 6.00E+00. _ + _ -._. _ <! O.00E+00 1 .+ 6.00E+00___+ _ 0.00E+00
~ l l
7 e-141 2.00E+0l 4.__. y'0.00E +00
- m. ,_ ,
,Ce-144 <; t , <:
4.00E+01 :L__+:0.00E+00 41 4 L 3.00E +01 l . _. :0.0_0E+0_0 ...-l O r . -
'R_a-226 <j '
+00 ._._.l0.00E+00 :
20 L 1.00E+02' L _. .. a_.00E +00. _._. 4.a< > ___7.00E+011__ d0_.00E .
, 7.00E+0ll __e _.
.___.-[ 9.00E+00~..____.+.g._.__0 10.00E+0.__. 6 iTh-228 ..- .,{_ .<! _.. _7.00E+00
. _ _..+ . 0.00E+00 ;...._.. _l__<.i, -. _00E+0_0;
. . - . t0.0_0E.+_00. . J' iSr-89 <j 3.00E+00' O.00E+00 : < 2.00E 00 ,0.00E+00 i ( 2.00E+00r _ +0.00E+00 ;
iSr-95 I2dE70bY I/ 25 ,00E-01 T f 1.3dE70dY___.i,l - _.
.00E-01-i 1.30E+00 4 T[lEUOE55'.._ !
gi31
! cp 3.00E-01!
l1- 3 <j 1.00E-011 l0.00E+00 j0.00E+00 (< 3.00E Olj ,0.00E+00 13-30
l l l 1 1 Fermi 2 - 1993 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 MILK ANALYSIS ; J M-8 (Control) (pCi/ liter) lNachdrJle % 124AN L < > I- J e16-PEB m l '16-MARG 1 l (Be-7 <l .j _ _ <j 4.00E+0lj <. 3.00E+0ll ]
.K-40 3.00E+01(/-J1.50E+02 1.48E+031 +
3.00E+00
, ! 1.37E+03j_+/- l_.40E+02 Q_1.32E+03! +/- 1.30E+02 1
.Mn-54 1 <[ 5.00E+00_ l 44.00E+00 ,_ l
;Co-58_ < .
3.00E+00(__ _ _ _J _ . <[. 4.00E+00i_ _ _ _._($[ 4.00E+00
!Fe-59 8.00E+00 I <i 1.00E+0ll _ _ __,_. ] l
;Co-60
< 4.00E+00, <l 5.00E+00 l <i 4.00E+00i t <
4 9.00E+00__ ) IZn-65 < 8.00E+00' <l1.00E+0l! < l.00E+01 h!/Nd;95_.._ $ 3.00E+00; J D .~0'E+00._ 0 __
<! 4.00E+00 J Ru-103 <l 3.00E+00 ._ ._ ._5. 5.00E+00
($[.,4.00E+0U _.. _j
< < l < 3.00E+01
;Ru-106 _} 3.00E+01 _
4.00E+01l Cs-134 g 3.00E400. _ l_2 4.00E+00 <i 4.00E+00 Us-137
<L 5.00E+00] [$14.00E+00 ,_. q Ba (ce/La-140
_<{_4.00E+00 ]_ _<l 7.00E+00. l <! 5.00E+00[1_ <j._ 5.00E+00, i -141 _ <!_6.00Ef00.. _ _ _ _ , g(1.00E+01, _ .. Lgj_7.00E+00l .,___
< _. 3.00E+0I ,51 400E f01
[Ce-144 }_ <! 3.00E+01 (Ra-226
< 7.00E+01 4 <! 1.00E+02 g .> j .<! 8.00E+01
< 6.00E+00 3 <} 9.00Et00 <! 7.00E+00, l (Th-228_
lSr-89 < 3.00E+00 <! 2f)0E+00' ._ _$[ 2.00E+0]0
!Sr-90 8.50E-01I +/- 12.20E-01 j 2.20E+00' /- 2.00E-01 ! ! 1.00E+00l +/- 1.00E-01 II-131 < 2.00E-01 l ~~'I~A 5UUE'~0i(+((~ ~ h5[ 2.00E-01l_ I~"-
l Nuclidet l e
~
I l3-APR + + cl. < l l-MAYA -l?e W 25-MAY1 I IBe-7 < 4.00E+0ll ! c 4.00E+0ll Q_< 2.00E+0_l{ _ [ j
.K-40 ; 1.48E+03 1.50E+02 1.32E+03) +/-1.30E+02 i l32E+0 +/- 1.30E+02j Mn-54 <t 2.00E+00{ +/- <t 4.00E+00 l c(4.00E+0[0 (Co-58 ;_L.<F.00E+0( 2 _g[_5.00E+00[ i <! 4.00E+005 fe-59 __ _5 _.5.00Et00 _._ _
<j 9.00E+00 _ __ __{._$(1.00E01 f ._ __
lCo-60 < 3.00E+00 <l 5.00E+00 1 <i 5.00E+00 7A65 < 6.00EIUUI L < 9.00E+00 E <E 15 EIUI
- j. 2(,5.00E+0 Zr/Nd-95 < 2.00E+00[~}_ l <; 4.00E+00 _j ,
iRu-103 < 3.00E+00~ l .
<! 5.00E+00, ! < 5.00E+00' ht 06_ _ ._5. 2.0UE d d_ _ ~ _ . ,]. [ 3 @ E+0k. _
! . _.g $Ld.00hilf_ _ , _ _ _ . .
Cs-134 .,Q < 00E+00 j <j_5.00E+00 __ j t . I_${5.00E+00 ._
,Cs-137 <t 3.00E+00 _. i <i 5.00E+00, i i c 5.00E+00' l
'Ba/La.I40 <! 3.00E+00'
<I 4.00E+00; I
<! 5.00E+00' C l <' 6.iid' +T)0 E ~
I de 141 <! 9.00ETUUI i l <! 1.00E+Iil Ce-144 <I 2.00E+0l j <I 4.00E+0li 4.005~~di
+ I l Ra-226 < 5.00E+01 I ~ ~I' A I.U05505I ~ c 1.00E+02I ~
- 5-228 < 4.0U570U"" Y<[9.00E+00 [ ~ , <! EOU5+UO l
,Sr-89 Y T 2'UU5560 <I3.00E+00: I < 3 .'UUE+00 ~!
Sr ,90 ] 1.20E+00I +/- 2.00E-01 1 1.80Ef 00I+/- 2.00E-Ol[ 120E+007/300E d[l[l (I- 131__j _ < 3.00E-Olj . , _ . Eq 2.00E-Ol} _ __ ..i < 3.00E-_0 th.J _ . _ .. j 13-31 l' I r- -
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 MILK ANALYSIS M-8 (Control) (pCi/ liter) l Nuclide l 8-J UN l- 22-JUN ' l 13-JUL l
- Be-7_ g < . 4.00E+011_ __j_<; 4_.00E+01l . _ .1_ , _ . ._5, 3.0()E+01( j
! K-40 i 1.37E+03~ +/ ' l.40E+02 , 1.47E+03! +/- i1.50E+02 1.43E+03' +/- :1.40E+02
- Mn-54 < , 4.'0 0E+00[
, ' . _ . _ ' < 4.00E+00 [ [jX)EA00 Co-58 <; 4 00E+00, ;
< 4.00E+00, !
< 3.00E+00 Fe-59_ ,. <; _ l.00E+01j ,
< 9.00E+(X); E < 7.00_E!00 ,
Co-60 l <f 4.00E+00 ~
< 4.00E+00 ~
i ~
< 3.00E+00' i I
Zn-65 [ <;[1.00E{01f.'~ [. <{ [9.00E+(X)[ ((. _ _ _ [<[17.00E+00 [ ,[ [ Zr/Nd-95 i <: 4.00E+00 <: 4.00E+00 ! < 3.00E+00' ! I IRu-l'03 <I 4.00E+(X)' l E '42X)E+00' <. _ 3.00E+00 R.u-106 <. 4.00E+0! j ..
< . 4.00E+01 j _ _
< 3.00E+0lj Cs-134 <; 4.00E+00 ~
<; 4.00E+00 1 < 3.00E+00
[Cs-137 . E 5.0()E+00[ ~ (( [ ~ <: 4.00f5+Iji[ [ .[.] E 100'E[0d I 'Ba/La-140 ; < , 5.00E+00, _ < ,6.00E +00,
< 4f)0E+00 Ce-141 <' 9.00E+00 < .6. 00E+00, ,
, < 5.00E+00, _!
Cc-144 < 4.00E+01 < 2.00E+01 ; < 2.00E+01 ! i ,RaN [ <!, jfX)E+02[ __ _ . _ _
< _7110E+od _ < ,6j$E+INf[.,
- Th-228 l <i 9.00E+00, ,_ _
<; 7.(X)E+0(),__j < 5.0()E+00
.Sr 89 l < 2.00E+00, _ I <: 1.00E+00, _ , . . .. < 2.00E+00 . ,. _. ' S r-90 l l.10E+00 +/- 2.00E-01 9.90E-Ol; +/- l1.80E-01 1.80E+00 +/- 2.00E-01 , l [I-13 l' _.[ <[ 2.(X)E-01L _ < , 2.00E-0I! l'_ < 3.00E-01I l l l Nuclide 1 27-JUL l 10-AUG l 24-AUG l
- Be 7_ L <
- 3.(X)E+01 L _ _ _ __ _ l <. 3.(X)E+0l! _ .C _ _ _ _ _ < 3.(X)E+01 ! . _. ... j l
[K 40_ ! 1 . l.25E+03; +/- [1.30E+02 _ .. _.l .40E+03; +/g 1.40E+02 __143E+03, +/- ?.40E+02 Mn-54 l <; 3.00E+00
< 3.00E+00, _ < . 4._00E+00 ;_,
Co-58 < 4.00E+00 _. _.
< 3.00E+00 >
< 4.00E+00 !
Fe-59 l <[ 8.00E+00 < ' 7.00E+00, i
<i 9.00E+00, Co-60 ! <: 4.00E+00 <' 3.00E+00 < 4.00E+00 fn-65 (( < 8 00.E+00 <
_ ' [8.00E+00 ___
<, 9.00EkO()
- Zr/Nd-95l <, 4.00_E+00, < 3.00E+00 _ i
< 4.00E+00,
, Ru-103
' < 4.00E+00 < 3.00E+00 < 4.00E+00 I
Ru-106 ' <: 3.00E+01 E .33)0E+iN[ i < , 4.00E+01l Cs- 134 <! 4/X)E+00,
< 3 00E+00, < 4.00E+00 Cs- 137 _ _ _.j <l _4.00E+00, _ _ ,
<; 3.00E+00 . _ ._ 1_ _ _ _. _ <. 4.00E+00,
,Ba/La-140_ (<: 4.00E+00, j <' 3.00E +00, , __ _ __. <, 6 00E+00 -Ce-141 ! <! 7.00E+00 < 6.00E+00 i
~
< 6.00E+00 I'
Ce- 144 I ' <l 31X)E+01[ < 2.00E+01, <; 3.00E+01l Ra-226 < 7.00E+01 ; < 7.00E+01 - '
< 7.00E+01 ;
- Th-228 _ i<; 7.00E+00[ , _. E 6.00E+00[ _
< 6 00E+00 t fr-89 l < l.00Ed)0 _, < 2.00E+00, .
< 3.00E+00 Sr-20 ; 8.80E-Ol; +/ ,1.30E-01. , . l .10_E+00, +/- ;2.00E-01
- 1. l_0E+00. +/- -3.00E-01 I-131 '
<.' 2.00E-01l < 3.00E-01; < 3.00E-01 13-32
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 MILK ANALYSIS M-8 (Control) (pCi/ liter) > l'NuciblTMA - 17-SEP : 1, - 'v 21-SEP ; N I; 12-OCT w * .I LBe-7 . <j 3.00E+01i, j <; 3.00E+01(_,j i < 3.00E+01 ! ! i [K-40 i 1.29E+03] +/- 1.33F+03 1.34E+03J_+/ it.30E+02 l Mn-54 < 3.00E+0g. 1.30E+02j]! _j 4.00E+00[ +/ 'l.30E+02 3 i < 4.00E+00l i [_l(( lCo-58 [ _$ 3. 00E+00 _g{ 4.00E+00 _ __j $p4 00.E400;_ ,_ ___j jFe-59 <[ 7.00E+00l _. _ , _ . __5; 8.00E+(X); i_5j 9.00E+004_ _._.i .Co-60 . l < 3.00E+00' l <l 4.00E+00: ! <1 4.(X)E+00 fZn-65 < 7.00E+00, 9.00E+00i <l 1.00E+01 $r/Nd.95 < _3.00E+00, {<((4f)0E+00;
! < ! <: 4.00E+00 l jRu-103_, ._< 4.00E100 __
. l 4 4.00Et001 .___
i 3_. 4.00E 00L __{__ jRu:106 < 3.00E Olj _ .j_ <j 3.00E+01h_ <? 4fX)Ef01 _4 Cs-134 _ <. 3.00E 100j !
<j 4.00E+00, <i 4.00E+00 ]
Cs-137 < _j_ j_4fX)E+00,
<l 4.00E+00 (< i 4.00E+00 4_ l j a/La- 140 <j_4.00E+00 [__<i 5.00E+00; ;
[ <. 5.00E+00 _j }Ce-141 _ _5 6.00E+00 __ _< 7.00E+00 [. ___ j. i 8f)0E+@ Ce 144_, 5 2.00E+01 !_ J <L 3.00E+0Ii , <! 4.00E+01_ .J Ra-226
<. 6.00E+0l[__] <! 8.00E+0ll 4
<' l.00E+02 i Th-228 < 5.00E+00;
! <j 6.00E+00[ '
< .j Sr 89 h 2.00E+00; i <! 2.00E+00' I <i; 2.00E+00 9.00E+00, _
p [Sr:90_1],_9.80Ey!' +/ _ 5.80E-01441.30E+00. +/ _ l.00E-Ol_J.,._i_ l.20E+00 +/.q 2 .00E-0.l__ _ , _ [1-131 f<: 2.00E-Ol_ l L2.00E-Olj i <' 2.00E-Ol L__L __ l Nuclide J ' l - 26-OCT 'I: 16-NOV 0 l 14-DEC ! l {Be-7 j <! 3.00E+0lL } _j_$. 3.00E t 01(_[ j_<,_3.00E+01 . _ LK-40 1.47E+03j_+/-jl.50E+02 Lj_ l.31E+03! +/- 130E+02 1 1.31E+03 4 +/-]p.30E+02]j l LMn-54. _ _<4_ _ 4.00E+00 [ <(4.00E+00 Sp-58 < 4.00E+00; l <j 4.00E+00l __j <L 3.00E+00j]__L_,__.]
< 3.00E+00
_<[( 9.00E+00( j{ _ jFe-59__ . {_i 9.00E+00 _ _ ,Lg;. 8f)0E+00( _ j __ _ . .
~ <:
~
gC.o._ _6. 0_.,_ . _< _4.0.._0E..+._0. i 4_.0.+_. . __ ,! <! 4.00E+00 4.00E. +_00..,.._ . i Kn-65 ! e 9.00E+00 l J < 9.00E+004 i (Zr/Nd-95
<i 4.00E+004 1.00E+0lj ]i _ [$L4.00E+00[
_([
< 4 00E+00 _,__i,_<L4.00E+00]l
- Ru-103 . .
l _jg4.00E+00 _ ig g;_4.00E+00 _j _ _ _ lRu-106_ . 13.00E+0.lk _j._5L. 3.00E+0lj ____i< 3.00E+01 l _ . , [Cs:134__ _ ., 4,00EiOO __ ._.__j.,g5_.00E+00,_ _.. ]_$; 3.00E+00 I_ l 65 13_7 ._ j_<g 4
.00E+00 _[ !
<L4.00E+00'
! <: 4.00E+00 l l IBa/La-lF) I <! 5.00E+00l l 1 <! 5.00E+00' : < 4.00E+00 1 !
r Ce-141_l, <! 6.00E+00. N ._.,_l._ ll.iK)E+00 i
< 7.00E_2X.Y__ ~ . _ I~_ .~. ~ u
- Ce-144 2 <(2.00E+0l[ , _
_j <p4.00E+01L [ _ .[5, 3.00E+01 __ _j
- Ra-226 <j 7.00E+0.ll ._ _{$j_l00E+02L. < 8 00E+01..
_ . . _ .__ j LTh-228 .3000EGf_ 1 j <j 9.00E+00 < 7.00E+00 _ st89 _ <i 2.00E+00 _ _. <! 2.00E+00. a _ _ _ __.J l.Sr-90 ,; Lt.10E+04( +/12.00E-01 LLI.30E+00' +/ i .00E-01 1
; <i_2.00E+001.10E+00L+/ ,_ I2.00E-Olg
[1-13l_ . d 2.00E-Oli l _ . _ _ _ i <l 3.00E-Ol} _ i< 3.00E-Ol[ !____j
\
i 13-33 1
. - - . -_ - - - ._ ~ _ , . - - - - . . . . . . - . - . - . . . _ . . - - . _ - __ , . -
. Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual ;
RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report [ FERMI 2 MILK ANALYSIS M-9 (Indicator) l (pCi/ liter) l w ,Is , gg;w c .
- l, 1 g3.RU ~I: , : 27-RIL -l
< 4.00E+01 < i j Be-7 M 4.00E+0ll 3.00E+01 {_
i K-40 1.51E+03 / [Mn-54j < 4.00E 00 4- 1.50E+02 {_ ! 2.33E+03h/- _2.30E+02 ! 1.94E+03Q/- 1.90E+0_2_ I _<j_ 5.00E+00 ! <: 4.00E+00 [Co-58 1< ~ 4.00E+00, . ! <! 5.00E+00 i <! 4.00E+00' ~~~ 5-~$9 .I~ < 9.00E+00': 77_+_5~U~05+UIl
.4_ l
<! 1.00E. % ____4+0 ll-~
Q-60 < 4.00E+00 j 5.00E+0j0 i < 5.00E+00
!Zn-65 < 9.00E+00' < _1 l.00E+01{
[Zr/Nd-95 f< 4.00E+00[~ < .00E+00 !l <!<j4.00E+00[ 1.00E+01l ] -
.< 4.00E+00 _S 5 j <[5.00E+00
[Ru-103 ' J.<lt .00E+00l ' [Ru,-106 -< 4.00E+0_lj 4.00E+01 i <l 4.00E+0lj i < 4.00E+0() 1_<i5.00E+00 i <; 4.00E+00 ' [Cs-134 < I 4
<l 5.00E+00;
;Cs-137 5.00E400; <j 5.00E+00, .
l Ba/La-140 < 5.00E+00 l_5j 7.00E+00] ! j 5.00E+00j j' i lCe-141-.< --.6. 00E4 00.-- .g 7.00E+00' . .-.. . - - I <. ! 7. 00.E.+00. 4 Ra-226 < 8.00E+01 < l.00E+02L i y
. <l 9.00E+01
'th-228 < 8.00E+00" <
9.00E+004 J <l 8.00E+040 _ ; Sr-89 (a}_ < 3.00E+00g i <! 2f)0E+00
' Sr_-90_ (a)____ J.__. 3.20E+00; +/- 2.00E-01
[1.50E+00j +/,_2 4 00E-Ol__ l-131 <t. 3.00E-01, I <t 3.00E-0 t [_ <! 3.00E-0i L_,.,1 i lNucHde:~.lo IlAUG~ <>
~!5 : 24-AUG ' IL a7-SEP - Y 'l Be-7 < 3.00E+01l ! <! 3.00E+01{ ~
l < 3.00E+01l 1 K-40 1.94E+031+/- 1.90E+02
<,_.00E+00; 4
I~i 88570% +/- 1.90E+02l !l.77E+03hlt.80E+02_
@In-54 <! 4.00E+001 !
<l 4.00E+(X)J _,.
'Co-58 <} 4.00E+00 i
<{ 3.00E+00 , <l 4.00E+00' Fe-59 _ _,__g(9,00Ef 00y __ l <p 9@E+004 .. _ _ ._ < L1,.00E+01 gCo-60 < 4.00E+00 _,,4 <j 4.00E+00,_ l . <l 4.00E+00 g, _,_ ,
jZn-65 < J 00E+00 <!1.00E+0lj i <l 9.00E+00
<j 4.00E+00; <l 4.00E+00' l q 4.00E+00j . _i lZr/Nd-95 yu-103 <{ 4.00E+00: <!_4 00E+00' <! 4_.00E+0L I yu-106,,_4,. <[ 3.00E t01j_ _, _ _ _ . 5 , 3.00E+03_ . ,_
4,4.00E+0.lQg_ _.g ys-134 < 4.00E+00; <p4._00E+00 <! 4.00E+00, i_ i Cs-137 < 4.00E+00' i < 4.00E+00 l <: 4.00E+00 I I
~
.Ba/12140 < 5.00E+00 <j_5_.00E+00
[ <! 5.00E+00'
;Qe;I41,,, _ , . , _ < 6.00E+00 !
j_<.:j 7.00E+00'
. , <j 6.00E+001,
,, _ _j. 4<100E+01
[EC I41_ 2.00E+01 2 ira-226 _5(f< 7.00E+0I J_<j_3@E+pk}
<! 7.00E+0l
! 8.00E+01 N228 77.00E+00 <. 7.00E+00' ! <! 7.00E+00 hr-89_ _ {g[ 2.00E+[00[_1_ _ <I 2.00E+0i[ '
} <! 3XX)E+00 _ l Sr-90 l j 2.30E+00 +/- 2.00E;01,i_Ll 40E+0g +/- I,2.00E-Ol 1.40E+00 +/- 300E-Olj tl -l_31._1_<L4_.00E-Olt. ,_ _._ .L gj_ 5.00E-Ol L i . _ . . _ . <, 2.00E-Ol L !_ i -
(a) analysis not performed (see section 10.3.1) ) i I 3-34
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report ; FERMI 2 3 MILK ANALYSIS M 9 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter) l Nuclidew I' ' ' 25-SEP 9 til m '12-OCT s '
;l' -
3(LOCT ' 1 4 [Be-7 iK-40
<! 4.00_E+0l!
1.46E+03 +/- 1.50E+02 J l <; 4.00E+0llI 1.78E+03l < 3.00E+0ll 1.80E+02 I +/J! 1.57E+03 ( _j l j <. 3.00E+00]{ +/- 1!1.60E+02 :
~
hg54.___< 4.00E+$___ [ 4ME t00[. StS8_ _5 _4p0E 00 _ _. j _, _ _5L 4.00E+00 ..__ _ _ j ._gL3.00Ef00g _ } [Fe-59__ . < 1.00E+01 <j 9.00E+004 j_< ! 7.00E+00 (Co-60 (< j _g 5.00E+00, l 2( 4.00E+00; ; <. 3.00E+00{ ,_f [Zn-65 1.00E+01 J, ! <! _ 8.00E+00 I _l.00E+0_1[__7
.Zr/Nd-95 Ru 103---
< 5.00E+00;
< 5.00E+00. .---
l <! 4.00E+00
!- <i 4.00E+00!
1 [ <' 3.00E+00j f_ l
<i . 3.00E+00 . . . -
1 pi's-134 < l <! 4.00E+00, { <~ 3.00E+00, ' 5.00E+00l l s-137. _ <L5.00E+00 (<! 4.00E+00g l 4.<{ 4.00E+00 }
<! ]
ya/Lgl40_ '
< _.3.00E+00 _ j
_2.__5pE_+00;___ 7.00E+00: _!_gj5.00E+04__j[_. <
, l (Ce-141 L _gi 6.00E+00
. _ _ _j _ ( 5.00E+00... ..,_ . _ .
'Ce-144 j < 3.00E+01 i <; 2.00E+01 ~ <i 2.00E+01 Ya-226 ITh-228 J_< 9_.00E+01 ~<I 7.00E+0( ,
<i-5500E+01 ] _
<l 7.00E+00. i <! . 7.00E+00 ! <! 6.00E+00; I r-89
<L3.00E 3 00[ I_5 2.00E+00( } l<: 2.00Ef 00 _;j dr-90 ,2.00E-01 f i 1.80E 100; +/ I.2_.00E-01.J_42 40E+00 +/- 12 00E-01 1-131 l <![ 1.60E 00 +/ l 1.00E-Olj <! 3.00E-Olj_l, !_<i 2.00E-Olu_1 _ l l Nuclide c ] : il6-NOV : I- 014-DEC - I
[Be-7 <! 3.00E+01i l <j 4.00Ef0ltj_ K-40 ] 1.94E+03l +/- jl.90E+02 [ 1.54E+03i+/- ll.50E+02
![Mn-54 L_ <L 4.00E+00_. 1 <! 5.00E+00,_j t (Co-58 _<j 4.00E+00q l ;
._5[! ,9 00E fy,__ L__ }_<[i 4.00E+00
!?tS 9 _. _ _ t _i_$ 1.00E Olj_ q__ _
Co-60 3 < 4.00E+00; ]
!Zn-65 g 9.00E+00; 4 f_<[!_5.00E+00]_.
< 1.00E+0iL_
L [Z_r/Nd-95 4 4.00E+00' <! 4.00E+00 , 1Ru-103 <! 4.00E+00 gl 5.00E+00 _.,j ! f 01p_4__f_<}= _4.00E < f {Cs-134Ruj06__ _<I , 4.00E
<! 4.00E+00 i 5.00E+00 olt _ __
~
^
!Cs-137 <[TUUE+05 ~i <IT00E+00 w
[Ba/La-140 j < 5.00E+00 l
<{5.00E+00_ 1 <j[_. 9.00E+00 ye-141 <i 6.00E+00 { L_
[tl44..- 4 S _g]._.4.00E t 01(_,j_ . __ __ 3a-226 (. <h._2.00E+0lL_{ i <lp7.00E+0lLJ
._g4 00E+02; 1 j.. _
$28 6.00E+00 J __ <L9.00E+00' .j iSr-89 : <l 2.00E+00,_ j_.. [ <: 3.00E+00~ ,
(Sr-90_,jy_1._60E+00, +/ 2 00E .01 _ j._2.2_0E+00 +/- J.00E-Ol_ [I-131_ j <[ 3.00E-OlL J , <L _4_.00E-01 _ _. _j 3-35
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental j Operating Report ! FERMI 2 GRASS ANALYSIS , M-8 (Control) (pCi/kg wet) l Nachde 'l/< ill-MAY r il T o25-MAY - " L l' 8-JUN 1 <
-l
[Be-7 i i 1.01E+03! +/- i t.80E+02 ' 1 2.l lE+02! +/- 19.40E+01 1 , 3.89E+02' +/- il.32E+02 i ! jlk40__ _ 5.86E 03[t/ $90;E+02_[ 3.93E+03[I/ T i3.90E+02 ! l 4.98 EAU 3hi15.ii65[+[ [ pjn 54 < 2.00E+01 i <! 1.00E+0ll i <: 2.00E+0_l[_ .j
<l _ _ __,._$j.1.00E+0(_L_ __ _ _ _; 3f 2,00E+01 _!
So-58 __. _ _I5.00E+01 _<l 2.00E+01,. __ _ ._y[ 3.00E+0l!_ _ _ i <! 5.00E+01 _j lFe-59 ._. Co-60 2 2.00E+01 1 <; 1.00E+0ll i <;_ 2.00E+01 j ; Zn-65 ! i<j 3.00E+0ll.__ _ <; 5.00E+01 j l <( 5.00E+01 l _p _ __y_j Zr/Nd-95 <i 2.00E+01 ! <! 1.00E+01! c 2.00E+01
] j
@t103_._ . _.3L2.00E t01 j <{l00E+0ll _j_g42.00E+01 j{__._._
jRu-106 <I 2.00E+02; _ _. ,_5pl.00E+02f__ I
<j 2.00E+02 !
Cs-134 < <! 1.00E+0lj_,,_ ! <; 2.00E+01 1 ,
}
- Cs-137 < 3.00E+0l 3.00E+0ll L,_}i_ } <l 1.00E+0ll ! <! 2.00E+01 l t
[Ba/La-140154 3 00E+01 I~A[2.00E'+0l[ ~i T 3.iXiEI01 [Ce I4L. g 3 00E+01 _. ,_ _ [ _ <l 2.00E+01 ._ _ l ___ ( <! 3.00E+01 ._ , ye-144_ _$_120E+02}__g_ <l 8.00E+01 4 _ i <;_J.00E 02 t _j Ra-226 a 5.00E+02 } <l 2.00E+02! ! c 4.00E+02 j Th-228 <[ 4.00E+01 <' 2.00E+0Il q_$! 3.00E+0ll ! 11-131 <! 6.00E+00_ <! 5.00E+00' l <I9.00E+00 _, M 9(Indicator) (pCi/kg wet) l Nuclide' ' l ' ~ 11-MAY M' ' ~ If < * " 25-MAY0 :lt R' A Ml t Be-7 <! 1.00E+02l 1 1 7.13E+02: +/- il.46E+02 ! 7.21E+02! +/- ll.59E+02 i K-40 ]4795AU3) +/ i4.50E+02 l 5.41E+037l5.40E+02 ~~j 5.55+U3[.]/].{.j0N[02] ' jMn-54 <j__1.00E+0!j_] _ L c 2.00E+0(_[ , <( 2.00E+01_._ ;
- Co-58_. __
< .. 2.00E+0 l I _1 l <! 2.00E+01l 1 <: 2.00E+01 1
r._ . _ -. _ . . . . . _ . _ . _ . . . . _ _..._.,..._..__4..__ . - . _ . . . . . . . . _ _ _J ._ LCo-60 < l .00E+01 i c 2.00E+0l! _ _ . _ _i < 2.00E_+0ll j_.. ;
%n-65 < . 3.00E+0Il <l 5.00E+01} ! <: 5.00E+01I ! j
[Zr/Nd-95 4< l.00E+01 <j 2.00E+01 ; <' 2.00E+0lL_j j
!.Ru;l03 2.00E+01 4 _
< 2.00E101,._ _ _,._$g 2.00E+01 j_ __ _j Ru-106,_ 4< <_1.00E+02 '
]__<jl_ 2.00E+02J_._.__ _ __ j_ tgi 2.00E
_ . _ g__.._._ 02 j Cs-134 < l.00E+01 _a _ _ . _ __.j _g[2 00E+01 __,__j_5( 2.00E+0 ! _J__. _l
,$s-137 4 2.00E+01 ! < 2.00E+01 <! 2.00E+01, _y _ __y !Ba/La-140 <(2.00E+01 _L$p 4.00E+0lgj ! <! 3.00E+0! l ye-141 <! 2.00E+01 L< I ;__<L. 3.00E+0 l_f _.. ,_
l _<j_3.00E+0h l ice-14/ I_'<l_9.00E+01 ! 1.00E+02t 4
<! 1.00E+02l Et
^ ~
.R_aI 22 U i < 3.00E+02 I___<r! 4.iiOE+02I ~
._.__ ~A _i_.00._E+0.m._
2l _ - _ l, Ft228 _q4 <, 3m0E+0iL__t __j <> 3.00E+0iL_ _ . _ . $L4 00E+0ij_ _ . _ .
;l-131 j <! 4.00E+00ij_ _ ! $! 5.00E+00, L gil.00E+0lj i l
l 13-36
1 Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual , RadiologicalEnrironmental Operating Report l FERMI 2 ! VEGETABLE ANALYSIS 1 l FP 1 (Indicator) ; (pCi/kg wet) l l Nuotide 4 l > < 27JUL Cabbage -l: "27-JUL Swiss Chard Jl ' - 274UL1 Broccoli . l Be-7 < 7.00E+0lj j i 3.15E+02i +/- ;6.30E+01 i < l.00E+02! ! K-40 __,[2.10E+03l[+M2.10E+02_} 4.59E+03[+/ !4.60E+02 U 3.64E+03f+/- 3.60E+02] [ME5$__.< 7.(X)E+00(. !
<j 8.00E+00; ; <! 1.00E+01{ 4 j
[Co-58 .. _ I _<5 J 00E t 0$ _ . 7 00E t 00 _ ____._j.gJ.00E401;__ __ y )Fe-59 _ 2.00E+01 [,_ _ _ _.._ g[J<j00E+011 _J <[ 3.00E+01 _ _j Co-60 < 8.00E+00' i <j.00E+01 l 8.00E+00_ __] IZn-65 < 2.00E+01I_l- - _._ ] <<J_2.00E f l 01}
<'1 3.00E+01 g j
!Zr/Nd-95_ 7fpE+00 _ _ f ! < I,00E 0,lt p__, j [Ru-103_ _<_7.00Et00 _ _ ,_ _. _ _gjg(.8_.00E+00
. 8,00E 00 __._] _!_g,.J00E01(_..l( t ._ j jRu-l_06
< 6.00E+01 <! 7.00E+01 . <1 1.00E+02j_.
4 _,_ J Cs-134 < 8.00E+00l _ l < 8.00E+00 {< 2.00E+01 j l_ <. 8.00E+00;_j _. Cs-137 I_3 7.00E+00
~
ic l [ l <: 2.00E+01 i I B l a/La-140
<l 1.00E+0li l <! 1.00E+01. i s
, <. 2.00E+01 ~ ~ ~~l i l <! 1.00E+01 . 3.00E t 01_ )
jCp141 lCe-144_ _;_, < p <' _4,Mi@4f.00E+01( __4_5[ 6f0Et 01__ _._.__.j_f[J00E02 J_g 1 j lRa-226 < l .00E+02! I. ! <! 2.00E+02! ! <t 3.00E+02) _ n _ _. _,
< l.00E+0l~i
' j ITip228 i ! <T2.00E+0 < 9 5E+01 l hd <l 4.00E+00 .,j_,_[<l 6.00E+[ll_[ _ j < U EiE i( [ h ._.[ [ .)j FP 1 (Indicator)
(pCi/kg wet) l Nuclide a l~ : 23-AUG Cabbage -l < . 23-AUG Swiss Chard 4 'l> .
;23-AUG Cauliflower -l .Be-7 1.60E+02 t / 2.64E+02j..+/- 7.20E+0I i 3.66E+02 5.60E+01 J 2.47E+0 f+/- '2.50E+02 15.40E+0.I_4_ jl_4.96E+035.00E402 +/-
K-40 l I 2.38E+03]L+/- +/- 2.40E+02) jMn 54 4_j_< <I_7.00E+00, j _<; J 00E+004 j <{l.00E+0lp[ ,Co-58 7_.00E+00; 4_gg.l.00E+0lt. L < JWE+ML y 1 !Fe-59 r .. ..< l.00E+0I j .. - . j .. <l 2.00E+01! _ ! . . - _ _ .
< 2.00E+0il. _ ___ j
. _ . - . , - u._m , . - - . -
Zn-65 ' 2.00E+01 g j <p2.00E+01! 1
<E 2.00E+01 ,!_4
< 7.00E+00 _ _1 <j LOOE+01i ! < 7.00E+00l
- Zr/Nd-95 _q
!Ru-103 <' 8.00E+00, ! <! 1.00E+0l! <l 7.00E+00'~ i IR$iO. y -- 6. .- .
. _6.00.E. E.I+
- , -1.00E+02)-
~
< .6.00E.+01
--9
~l
< 7.00E+00; _ ._ _ _., _ <; 1.00E f01 _ g; 8.00E+00 g __ _ }
Stl 34_.. _ , _ . _, , l lCs-137 { < 8.00E+00 4 ! <! 1.00E+01 i < 8.00E+00; _j . 0 [B4a-14 _i _gf 9f0E 00,. t i _ ! <j l.00E+01 ! <! 8.00E+00 _ _ _ .., _] Sed 4I _. <j_l.00E+01.1 L 5L 1,00E+0Ig _ ___1 <[,1.00E f 01i _._. _.] Ce:144 .. _g( 5.00E t 0y _ ___ __ i<[ 6.00Et 01 Q _._ __
._ l . 5.00E+01l _
- Ra326_ , _5 _ 2.00Et 02
! ! . _} _g{ 2.00E+02 ._, _ ._._[_ <1 1.00E+02 _ , . _ _ _ @JJ28_ ,_g l .00Ef olL_ j _ _ _. <i 2.00E+0lg j ___,. ' $L1.00E+0l_ . t _ lI-131 1 <i 8.00E+00 ; ; <; 8.00E+00 1
< 8.00E+00' l {
13-37
Fermi 2 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 VEGETABLE ANALYSIS FP-3 (Indicator) (pCi/kg wet) ! I I Nuclide ~ le '27-JUL Cabbsee -l-. t 27-JUL- Swiss Chard al- 123-AUG Cablume 'l !Be-7 < 7.00E+0ll I i ! 2.02E+02! +/- 17.90E+01 i . <! 8.(X)E+01 i l [K-40 1.92E+03 ! +/-jl.90E+02 l [ 2.98E+03I , 1.75E+03 +/- 1.80E+d5~l l
]j 1.00E+0li +/- [3.00E+02 I Mn-54 <. I <I 9.00E+00. j lSo-58 _g[J.00E+00 _ _8.00Et00 .
< 2.00E+01
,.j_[_1,00E+01..__ _ _ __. _4._g 9.00Et00 _ _
[Fe-59 ,_f_<l 2.00E 014 t 3 'Co-60
< 9.00E+00 I I <i 1.00E+01! i <! 2.00E+01_ _l__._g '
<U.00E+0lL1.00E+0Ij l
!Zn-65 <! 2.00E+0lb
~
l <i 2 005AUIi l !
- 5. r/N. d..9_5__.,. __<l 9.UU5iUO' i I <I 1.6UE70F7 E~
i <; TUUE+Fi) i 9.__.__ ys-134 Cs-137
<[ 9.00E+00 l
<! 1.00E+01
' H 1.00E+01
]
<' 9.00E+00; j <: 1.00E+0l{
I_<4 8.00E+00 !Ba/La-140 f_<t 1.00E+01 i ! 2.00E+01 i <!1.00E+0lj~,} Ee-141 T I'.'UUE+01
~
! <d .t.00E+01 i <!1.00EAUI ~ ~ ~
Cc-lii
~
< 5.00EAUI ' ~ ~~I ~ ~ ' ~ E!3.~005+UI]~ b 5.UU5sdl ~
Ra-226 ~ li 1.00EA62-i ~~QT2.EEEIU2~ ! <! 2.00E+U2 ' Tis 22'8 <[_100E01__ f <! 2.00E+;)]
} <l 2.00E+03
!I.-131 ._ _ !<5.00E+00. ! <[ 5.00E4O( < 9.00E+00; _ . _ . . , 1 FP 3 (Indicator) l (pCi/kg wet) l l Nuclide o- 1 c23-AUG : Swiss Chard + l )
; Be-7 l ! 4.51E+02! +/- 8.10E+01 5 40 _ [ I T UIE idi [+ T5.Ud57 5
}in-54 ! <j 1.00E+0ll
'Co-58 '~
l <! 9.00E+00 ' l IFe-59 i <I~255idll l M
- Zn-65 E Ci <i[.[<!~I~EUEAUi 2.00E+01 !
j l (( IZr/Nd-95 D.00E+00_] _; _ LI.00E+01 _..y
%u.103 gu-106 j _8.00E t01._ _] .. ,__ _ !
;Cs-134 <I 9.00E+00 lCs-137 <!1.00E+0ll._j
!Ba/La-140 <i 1.UU57di[
$e:141_ _<l 2.00E_t0 l! .
g Ce.144 ._. ._<! . 8.00E+0li . - . .
.; 4 u._._.__._.._._....__e___.[
11-131 t <! 8.00E+00 l 13-38
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 VEGETABLE ANALYSIS FP-7 (Indicator) (pCi/kg wet) l Nuclide " l- t 27-JUL Elettuce :le i27-JUL Cabbage ' l: ?27-JU1; Rome.ine Lettuce : l (Be-7 Q l.84E+02j +/- l5.1OE+01j_ <l 9.00E+01} l l t 3.25E+02I +/-j6.00E+01_J 3740 _ t _ LJ.68E 03Lt/ 11.70E+02_J_JJ55E+03 1 +/- I3.50E+02 > ! 1.97E+03[+/- l2.00E+02.j jMn-54 <! 8.00E+00' I _j_gj1.00E+01 ! gL 9.00E+00 j l
,Co-58_ _ <{ 7.00E+00: [ _ _j_ gj _ l.00E+01, _ _ ( _ . 5; 1.00E+01..._ j_ _ 3 Fe-59 g${2 00E+0lb_ i < 2.00E+0l _j
[Co-60 igL2.00E+01__.
<! 1.00E+01 _ . i <! 9.00E+00_ { l j
g l < 8.00E+00j___. i jZn ,65__ _ < 2.00E+0lj_. l___ y 2.00E+01,_ ; <l 2.00E+0 ! _ 8.00E+00i,_ j_<(1.00E0lj <
%jZr/Ndy95_p,_<
t.03 l _ J_ gy._1. 00E t f 0lj_ _ . . _ _ _j_ ;.1.00E+01 4 <i 1.00E+01 I_ _ _; _5[_8.00E+00L_. pu-106 < 7.00E+01 { j_5;_1.00E+02! j < 9.00E+01 __ _._, Cs-134 <! 8.00E+00, p ! <! 1.00E+0l[ ! <l 1.00E+01 y S -137 1 <j 8.00E+00 l l <;_1.00E+0lj.
< l .00E+01 1 .
_j ya/Lt[40 .]____ j._5L 1.00E+0l[,___ ,_, 5; .,1:00E+0l_ J _ _._ , _. p Ce-141_ _ { $[__l.00E+01
<L1.00E+014._..g _ _ g; _2.00E+0lj _ __ _.
< 1.00E t01 Ce;144_ _ ${ 4.00E+0lj__j_ _ _.__.5j 6.00E+0lj
__. f <. 5.00E+01 _. _ _ . ._j (Ra-226_ < I
< 2.00E+02j .L ! <: 2.00E+02l __j
[Th-228 { <j 1.00E+02;1.00E+01[_ i l _jl2.95E+0l}_+/ _ g.60Ef00 J [1-131 j_<], 6.00E+00 j_,_ __ 45;<!_2.00E+0IL
! 6.00E+00'
<l 4.00E f 0(d ._ _J FP 7 (ladicator)
(pCi/kg wet) l Nuclide~ l ' T23-AUG Cabbage iI: 23-AUG lettuce x '
-l jBe-7___.1, $ 8.00Ef01L__j _ ____ _j_ j 7.09E+02; +/:_17.90E+0l_j f K-40 l l 2.22E+03: +/ :2.20E+02 i i 3.35E+03' +/- ;3.40E+02 I i
irM n._-54..%,i< 8_.00_E_+00! ~~ E 72_[_9._.00. E. +_0_0_ _ ; _.. ___ _ Co-58 l_g;_9.00E+00 4_ < 8.00E+00i i fe-59 j._5_ 2.00E+01 h 5._ 2.09E+01j. . j _. g-60_Ls 9.00Et00[._.4 . _ _L.5p.9.001+00; _j___ ..' l tZn-65 <j 2.00E+011 [ 4
! <l 2.001l+0l[ _
Zr/Nd-95 <L 8.00E 00l__j h<4J.0CE+0lj_d Ru-103 i <I 9.00E+00 ! L~<l 9.00E+00. i Ru_-l %. I7 7.00E+0l.!._. r.__ I
. <I 9.0.0E. +.n 0_l!
i Cs-134 _- y9,00Et 00L_j
..,$g < l00E+0lj E_ _ _
00 i g 1,00E+0 L j _ _ _ St[37__ B.a/La-140_;_.j 9.00E_2 _ _[! l_ tl00E10lj_ L gt IjpgiO!i,_L___
.Ce:J41 q_l.00E+0IJ. i_(_1.00E+01__j____j L
,Cc-144 _._
F <L500E+01( j _. .g . <j 6.00E+01l .. L Ra-226__ ._$gE p2j t . ._._,__(5L.00E02L 2 ! __ L_ _ .__.j __. .y Th-228 <; 1.00E+0ll l L < 2.00E+011 i __j il-131 ! <! 8.00E+00 ' I <[i 8.00E+00 __j 13-39
4 1 Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l RadiologicalEnvironmental , Operating Report FERMI 2 VEGETABLE ANALYSIS FP 9 (Control) (pCi/kg wet) l.Nuclule;l. m27-JUL; Cabbene r I m 27-H.lt< Ram == Leuuoe .l- v23-AUG Cabbasen l Be-7 <i 6.00E+01 I I i 6.13E+02! +/- 1.05E+02 ! <! 9.00E+0l l
~
i j k.-40 1.755+~55}~[~il.80E+02Y[5.23E+03N/- 5.20E+02 ! ! 2.32E+03 +/- 2.30E+02 Mn-54 < 7.00E+00' i < _ _ (1.00E+0ll I' L<l 1.00E+01 (Cg58 . _ ._. .._5[ 7,00Ef00 __ __ _$[,1.00E+0lj__ _ _ j __4 9.00E+00 jFe-59 <l 1.00E+01[ __ <! 3.00E+01j _f 512,00E+01f go-60 I <L6 00E+00; j <j1.00E+01- d 1.00E+01 i
!Zn-65 l <! 1.00E+01 i ; <! 3.00E+01 i. < 2.00E+01 i l b~/53-95 f <I~7.00E+00(, ' l <i l.00E+0i l <I~9.00E+00' l
$u-103 _
<l d,1.00E+01 __j_
[ J_$[1.00E+0l{ _ j Ru-106_._5]. 6.00E+00[ < 6.00E+0ll l .00E+02. [ !i < 8.00E+0lL. j Cs-134 <r 7.00E+00. s < 2.00E+0ll <! 1.00E+01 [ps-137 <f 7.00E+00$ T<[2Td0h+01l l <! 1.00E+01 jBa/La-140 <! 8.00E+00 < 2.00E+0lf , I <l_1.00E+01 pEC- I 41 ___._ 5b.9.00E+00. __u< 2 00E+0I . j_ _ [_<!_2.00E+01 _ 1 Ce-144 _gj 4.00E+01 _j . j 8.00E f0Q ! _<j 7.00E+01
$a-2;6 .j_< . ,1.00E+02. I <j 3.00E+02[ <I, 2.00E+02
@l-228 l <: 100E+0l! ! ,_5j_2.00E+0 l L_,_ . <! 2.00E+0!
[1-131 l <! 5.00E+00; ! ,j _,<L4.00E+00 _] ! <! 8.00E+00, _L j FP-9 (Control) (pCi/kg wet) l NuclideT l 1 e 23-AUG: Broccoli: I
, Be-7 1 2.30E+02 +/- !7.20E+01 j IK-40 [~32fE+53[+34;0Edi iMn-54 - <! 8.00E+ 1 i (Qo-58 j_,$[.8.00Uj[00T l
[Fe-59 ._] <1_2.00E+01 L.. _._.. l
.Co-60 _ gj_1.00E+0lj_ _]
- Zn 65 <i 2.00E+0lb _
;Zr/Nd-95 <! 9.00E+00.
r y Ru-Id3 <I 9.00E+00' i udC6 _$h_7.00E f d_ .[_ .,_ _,j iCs-134--- -- <!.9.00E+00j i .. !
- __. g_ _ , y
[Ba/ lam 0_,_<L 1.00E+011 y
;Ce-141 l <j_1.00E+0_lj_ y _ _j
,Ce-l.44_J_5L.5 DOE 1 0lL_ _
3a-226_.j <i !.00E f 02j _ ___ p31 228 t <L120E+0I!_, j I-1 <i7.00E+00' a _i 13-40
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 DRINKING WATER ANALYSIS DW-1 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter) l Nuchde S L304ANS : l'- - 428-PEB T ^' -l t J28-MAR 'I.
'Be-7 < 3.00E+0li l <! 2.00E+01 < 3.00E+01 J
,K-40 5 5.00E+01l ] 5.00E+01 i <: 8.00E+01 _
jCr_51 <j 3.00E+01(_ l gj_ _2.00E+01 l <t 2.00E+0l j _._ yp;54 _ _ 5L 3.00E+00i _._ _ _ SL_3.00Et 00, _ _ _. _... _ , _g( _3.00E+00; .
,Co-58 <f 3.00E+00 .n_. , <f 2.00E+00_ __ ! < 3.00E+00 !Fe-59 <! 7.00_F+0_0 _j j <L_5.00E+00,__j j <l 6.00E+00 _. _ _ _ . ._
No-60 ,1_< 4.00E+00' l
<! 3.00E+00' '
<. 3.00E+00
_L<[__7 00E+00; i { <! 5.00E+00j <l 6.00E+00 .( j f@Zn /Nt95_65 _5 4.00Et wy_ _ t Sg3.00Et00;. _. j {Ru-103,_ g5. 4.00E+00 _. .. _ . j]._$ _ _5 L .00E+00 33g E g __ j< 3.00E+00: !
!Ru-106 <i 3.00E+0l[ . <! 2.00E+0ll ' <: 3.00E+0ll )
s-134 < j <; 3.00E+00j 4.00E+0(d <l 3.00E+00]_ ! g < O 00E+00 L ! $1 3.00E+00; ] Cs .137 _(Sp.,4,00E+00 Ba/La-l.40 g 4 00E+00 _, 4 __45h 3.00E+00 _ _..
<L4f)0E+004 _
J Se_-141 _bg{[. 7.00E+00 .__
.__ L5L,5.00E+00,.__ __
<[ 5.00Et00
'Ce- 144 i <! 2.00E+0l! ' <; 2.00E+0ll l
<4 3.00E+01 Ra;226_
Th-228
<L9.00E+01
< 7.00E+00; [I gross Beta. , _ . ._2 M E+00 ff 49 00E-01
<!_7.00E+0 h I _<[ 6.00E+00,
. .j__4.60E+00;+/.._1.20E+00J J._5[_6 00E+Uli
! <t 5_.00E+00;
_3.80E+00p!- 1.00E+00 _ _ __j St-89 ~< 2.00E+00: <! 2.00E+00' < 2.00E+00 5 5) _ 2g[i.00E-01[~
~ '
<i 6.00E-01 <[6.00E.01((~~ l l NuclideO l= , 25aAPR4 -lU ' 30-MAYh - ' ~l i ' > E27-RJN1 . tl Be .- .} . < 2.00E+0l i_ ! . !.< 3.(X)E+01 _. -_.-.-..i-<l 3.00E+01.' -.I .. . . -
Cr-51 < 3 00E+0 [ ~ <!~4.I)0Edi" [ < U UbE+0li 7 i hn-54 ((2.00E+00 ! i_5(4_.00E+00 _j <j 3.00E+00L._4,__j_5; 3 00E+00L ._ J $_1. <h3.00E+0( . [Fe-59 i..g58 g[5.00E+00LJ_3[ 2.00E+00 L<l 8.00E+00g ,. L _ __ 4
<L6.00E+00g__ ( . _ .
Sg60 <L . <j 4.00E+00]_ _ <g 3.00E+00 .( _ . [Zn-65 _l< .3.:.00E+00 4 <i 7.00E+00 I .; < 6.00E+00 : jiRu-103 Z r/Nd-953,00E+00g
)_ <[5.00E+00 3.ME+00 gi4.0()E+00
! <: 4.WE+00; 1l (< 3.00E+00g i < 4.00E+00;
.j J !
h[jk 2_2,00E+0h_[} [ [D( 3.00Et0_1j . ._ __ _ l_5(3.00E t 0lj _ _
]
ICs- 134. --
< -2.00E+00:-. -<f 4.00E+00' -
<. 3.00E+00,- . .. . - - 3 r_. - __ .
p._. _ _ _ _ . . - . _.m_.__..4
< 4.00E+00 !_,5 L5.00E 0+0 ] _ _ J
{Ba/La-1401[ fCe-141_, . J.5[_ 5. _i _00E+0g_
<(9.@Ef0 4 .. __}[__ __y_$(7.00E+00 _.J 0._. __<[ 7f)0E t
t 00 .j j
;Ce-144 _5j ,2.00E+0lt ._ _ i . _<j_4.00E+01,I_ .j,__ _ . _gi. 3.00E+0lj _.[_.__ ___j ya-22p_ 6J)0E+g _. .. _j _.5 .1.00E t 02L_ _ _ _ _ <L8.00E t 0Ij _ ]_ j
!Th-228 _,5l
<!_ 5 00E f 00g__ I <! 8.00E+00, i y; 6.00E+00Q_ _j jGross Beta T 3.60E+00 +/ jl.10E+00
; 3.80E+00' +/- l9.00E-01 L_9 40E+00 !.Jl.3_0E+00j /
(Sr-89 , _ [ 2.00E+00 __[_ i <; 3.00E+00 _L a < ._3J)0E i OOy. _; [Sr-90_._ $L8 00E-01L _ ! _ _ _
<j 6.00E-0lj _L __ u < l.00E+00 J _ j l3-41
~ - . - .
l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 , DRINKING WATER ANALYSIS l l DW-1 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter) l l Nuclideo ^l:-
- L 25-JUL1 -l* 14-AUG (a) = 'l i 29-AUG (b) - -l lBe-7 i < J <; 3.00E+01 ! < 3.00E+01 ) l K-40 I__<[ j 7.00E+013.00E+01Q ( _
I <I 9.00E+01 ! <j 5.00E+01 l [Sr-51_, ,_54 3.00E+0i [ <(2.00E i01 ._ g;.2.00E+01 . Mn-54 < .g.(, 3.00E+00g ~ <( 3.00E+00g ,_ h__ _ _ _ , _ . ,__ g {So-58(_A3.00E+00 _3.00E+00
<! 3.00E+00 <! 3.00E+00. j
<[ 7.00E+00 < j fe-59 Co-60
_ [6.00E+00i_4_ <! 6.00E+004 p . $__3.00E+00 { <l 3.00E+00 j l <L3_.00E+00 _l l j Zn:65_, _ ___g 7.00E+00, L _j. _Qgj 6.00E+00i_. fZr/Nd-95_ .,_.f <]. 3.00E 0(._.[ . _ _.]L 4<[ 7.00E+00
.. gy 3.00E+00l_. L_ $L 3.00E+00g __4__. _
Mt103_ ,_,.
!Ru-lM 3.00E+00 4 _,J [ J_3.00E+00
' < 3.00E+01I l 1 ( < 3.00E+00; y _,
3.00E+01] l
<I 3.00E+0Il i
~
Cs-134 < 3.00E+00, < 3.00E+00,[ ! <j .3.00E+00 Cs-137 < 3.00E+00 _.J . < 5 3.00E+004_ <i 4.00E+004 l ,.Ba/La- 140 4.00E+00,,_.[ _g{.4.00E+00 [l ye-141 <
. 5.00E+00].
f __5(.5.00E+00 _ ]. < _s[ 5.00E+00 4 <' 2.00E+0Ig ,_ I [Ce-144_ _si 2.00E+01[ 6.00E 00
<! 2.00E+01 l 4
Ra. -226 <F6.00E+0lj_._ <I 6.00E+01 ! < 7.00E+01l l
,Tip228 _$ _5.00E ! 00 _ I< 5.00E+00 l < 6.00E+00: 'G.ro.s. s..Be.ta 3._.90E. +.. 00, .+_/- 1_ .00E_+00 ,' ._ _ :
c ~ -
~4._40.._E+0._0.
- p. +/. . +_00_.,!
_1.00E.. 4 .. 3.3_0E_+0. 0_. p.
' +/.9.0_0_E-0_1_
d !Sr-h9 ._.__ < _. l .00E+00: ..
< 2.00E+00- _ _ .! <.! 2.00E+00 i -
3 l Nuclide l" W26-SEP , : l .- - 31-OCTr l U28-NOV9 :l [Be-7 . _ . _. <l 2.00E.+. 01_.. 1 __ _.. <! 3.00E+01 ! <! 2. 00.E+01__. . . . _ _ . ICr-51 <l 2.00E401 1
! <[2.00E+01 I <: 2.00E+01 Mn-54 <h 2.00E+00T 45(3.00E+00 I <! 3.00E+00
[Co-58 L 5(2.00E i OO; L. <; 3.00E+00; _ ; _ _y <j 2.00E+00 , 2c:.59_. g(5.00E+004..
< 2.00E+00 gl 6.00E+00L_.,_ <;5.00E+00 ._ .. ] '
Co-60 <i 3.00E+00 i <. 3.00E+00i -~ h;65 l_5UUE .][ _,__ _<%UUE3)U 2 6.00E400
;Zr/Nd-95 <j 3.00E+004 l L5! 3.00E+00;__ _ A_5 3.00E+00 Ru-103 <! 3.00E+00; I ' < 3.00E+00 <: 3.00E+00' .
Ru-106- <l 2.00E+0ll 4- -- . - . . ~ . . - . -2 3.00EMI
- - -- .i~[iUUE+M - -- .
p..... ._.. 4 . . ~ . - . . . . . _ - . . . + -- 4 ~ .a
.Cs-137 ,- _<., 4.00E+00; _ , 4.00E+00 j_5Q.00E+00 _
l ha/La-140 <,1_ 4.00E+00 ,,_f <4 4.00E+00 l <! 3.00E+00j l Ce-141 , _ i 5.00E+00. I < 5.00E+00 _ j <L 5.00E+00 _ _<_ 2.00E+0l_ < _2.00F+0 I e-.l_44_ [Ra-226,_ _5 6.00E+01
.j{. 7 00E+01 _ _jg<(217.00E 00E.+0I0_1 2 ].]__
_i [Th-228_ _[_<L 5.00E+00 _,,L__.J [<! 6.00E+00. L . _ _,_
<; 6.00E+00
_. p i
.pGross Beta _2.50E+00 +/ :9.00E-0Q l 2.00E+00; +/q 9
.00E-01 3.90E+60 +/- !1.00E+00j S f ( 5, _2,00E+00 1_ _ 5_2.00E+0()L l
!iSr-90 r-89__,_p_ n g <,L5.00E-Olf _ i ._2.00E {)0;_,j_
J 5: _7.00E-01[ _ L. . _ _ _ __ <, _ 6.00E-O f f . , , 13-42
..__ _ __ .. _ _ _ _ . _ _ . . _ . . _ . _ . . _ . . _ m .___.. . _ . . . . . . _ . _ . . _ _ . . _ ._
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental j Operating Report ! FERh1I 2 l DRINKING WATER ANALYSIS DW-1 (Indicator) l (pCi/ liter) l Nucha l r < ' 27-DBC% .e Fl iBe-7 <! 2.00E+011 ! l IK-40 <! 5.00E+0ll ICr-51 . _2.00E[03_ _j IMn _g;;_3.00E+00_ _.._,.._ _ _{' ICo-58 _ <! 3.00E+00;. l IFe-59 <l 5.00E+00' [Co-60 d 3.00E+00
!Zn-65 <! 6.00E+00:
.Zr/Nd-95 <l 3.00E+00]
,Ru-lG3 <j 3.00E+00 Ru-106 <g 2.00E+0p 55:134 .
<! 3.00E+00 ,_.
Cs-137 I <! 4.00E+00. ; Ba/La-140 T
;Ce- 141
_<(_4.00E+00[
< 5.00E+00 i !
Ce-144 < 2.00E+01 } IIia'-226 <! 6.00E+01 j i ITh-228 <{5.00E+00; I I ross Beta _9 + .+/ _ l00E+00 I,Sr-90 l <! 6.00E-Ol[ ! l (a) Grab Sample (see section 10.4.1) (b) sample less than representative (see section 10.4.1) l 1 i-I r 13-43
-- _ . _- ._- - -. _- - - _ - . - _ _ . = - - . . - . . - - - .-.
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental i ? Operating Report FERMI 2 DRINKING WATER ANALYSIS . 1
- DW-2 (Control) 1 (pCi/ liter) i
; l Nuchde < l? ~30-JAN i < >
?1:
4 28-FEB > 'l m % 428 MAR - 1 I l [Be-7 l < 3.00E+01{ $L 3.00E+01l __ y 3.00E+01 __ l [K-40 {< 7.00E+0lb ._ 4 1.00E+02 j <j 9.00E+01 l j [Cr-5i L<(3.00Ef0lj <l 3.00E+01 [_ < 3.00E+01 _j j Mn-54 3L 4 DOE t 00;__ <ij.00E+00 _._ __ .. <! 3.00E+00g. _ _ _ j [Co-58 <I 3.00E+00 l_ 5i 4.00E+00g_ t < 4.00E+00; j
<l 7.00E+00. i_ I ,_ < ! 7.00E+00 l <l 7.00E+00.
- fe-59 l Sp-60 < 3.00E+00
- J _5[,4.00E+00;
! <; 4.00E+004[.
- _8,00Ef00;. ._ m __ __.j_gj_ 7_,00Ef00; i < 7.00E+00 J l y.n-65_,_][5
- zr/Nd-95 < _4.00E+00 ___ 2. . 5L4.00E+00 _,__p. .
__j _5L 4 00E+00 I l Ru-103 5 4.00E+00 _g(4.00E+00 .___ LS 4 00E+00 l y {,_5; 3.00E+0[_i__j pu-106 <4 300E+0lj 3.00E+01 Ss-134 < _! 4.00E+00 __gl <i 4.00E+00], L5L.00E+00 4 _.j l; [Cs-137
< 4.00E+00 __ <1 4,00E+00; ' <j 4.00E+00 _
< 4.00E+00: <
] JBa/La-140 . _ < _4.00Et00 g .. 1. 5.00E+00L _ f __, _ ge I 41 . _ ,_._5 8,00Eig_ _ _, __ , (.5.00E 100: <l 6.00E+00' (Ce-144 < 4.00E+01i <! 2.00E+01 <! 2.00E+01 I (Ra-226 < [ id 7.00E+01 L<(7.00E+01 __ [._ l.00E+02T
~
. h-228 _ , < 9.00E+00j I < i 5(6.00E t p00 _j._ _ _ ,
- . gross Beta ._! l 80E ! 00; +/ .J8_.00E-01_ 5.30E+00 g +/ _][l.10E+00 6.00E+00,_ 42 20Et00 l
[Sr-89 _5[... 2.00E+00
._ { <;_2.00E+00 ._
L<_2.00E+00;! +/- !8.00E-01 i ,
!Sr-90 . <l1.00E-Ol{ L_ _ ,_1. 25-APR ;l> >30-MAY? :b G27 JUN' '
Jl Be-7___ _5L2.00E.t01 3.00E+01 (5L3 00E+0lj._.. _5 1 4.00E+01 _} _.___j <jl 6 00E+01
.K-40 [<_ (<4. 6.00E+01 gr-51 < 2.00E+00 2.00E+01)_{_ < 3.00E+01 J l <; 3.00E+01 _I y
;Mn-54 i < _
< , 3.00E+00, <j 3.00E+00g Co-58 < 2.00E+00. <! 3.00E+00' , j 3.00E+00 _
[e-59__ _ , <llJ.00E 00 _ _ t g _i51 7,00E 1 00 . _ . . 89.-60 _ _ jZn-65 _
. , ._ _ _15L
<!_5.00E+00 t
_ 4 5.00E+00 6.00E+00 __.[_,,_2.00E g547.00E+00 t i_,__,j 00;_.. _ [l.r/Nd-95
< 2.00E+00; _j __ <; 3_.00E+00 _ L < p .00E100 _j
< 3.00E+00 g <{ 4.00E+00_ y 4.00E+00' .____ _ j ]
fu-103 i < 2.00E+0li < 3.00E+01
;Ru-106 g- _ . _ . _ 3- - - - -
<l 3.00E+01]-- - - --
g - - -
- r. . j ____f.___......_,_._., _ . . 3._3g._ r k.___
Cs-137 3.00E+00 <: 4.00E+00 p i _<] 4.00E+00: _ Ka/La-140 <[3.00E+00 ,_ I e 6.00E+00' i
<! 5.00E+00j Ce-141 <! 4.00E+00' <! 6.00E+00 { _54 8.00E+00L_.
,Ce444 ._5 _2 00E+0li _ _. _ _ ,5[ 2.00E+0lp _ _. _. ; g[ 3.00E+01 __ _ . _
[Ra-226__ g SDOE+01 _
<! 7.00E+01 _ ___ j <1._l_.00E+02_ _ _ __ _j 4 DOE +00 i i <l 6.00E+00 . <: 8.00E+00 _ j _ _
{Th-228 ' [Qrosp Belaj , 7.30E+00 +/-jl.20E+00 ' (2 70Ef00 +/- j8 00E-01 3.00E+0(+/_J.00E-01
;sr49 _${ 2 DOE 00 ._ ___45L2p0E+00_J._ _._5L 3 00E+00; ._q
!Sr-90 _ _ <[ 9.00E.-01L_ c._ _ _ _x <L 7.00E-01j j_ < 9_.00E-01[ i i 13 44
i l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l Radiological Environmental i Operating Report FERMI 2 DRINKING WATER ANALYSIS l DW 2 (Control) (pCi/ liter) l .Nucluie ; I - $25 JUL:' M r lI r29.AUO' -l9 - N26-SEP r -l , l j (Be-7 <' 3.00E+0l[ 1_52 l l _5,2.00E+01(_j_ l K_-40_ Sr-5 l__ , gl 4.00E+01i _4
< ,,3.00E+0,1(
g<[400E+01 _ _j < 2.00E+04 L5.00E+01 } _._ __ 2_ <1 4.00E+01 L,_j { <: 2.00E+0l} ! __j i ign;54,_ <p 3,00E+00 r _._ ._ _.. _._ f 54 3 00E 00, __ _ _d ,<_2.00E+00],_ __.3 _ ._ _
- Co-58 _ __.__5[ 3.00E+00 (_g! 3.00E+00 .L.<. 2.00E+00 j i
[Fe-59 <! 7.00E+00; <! 5.00E+00 i <: 5.00E+00: !_
'Co-60 <i 3.00E+00 < 3.00E+00l l <.! 3.00E+00f Zn-65 8.00E+0 <! 6.00E+00' <! 5.00E+00' Zr/N@95 Ru-103 5 4.00Ef[0]
<i 4.00E+00-100E00
<! 3.00E+00' t _g}00E00
<! 3.00E+00 t _ , _ .
[ is106 l [ iUU5idif
~
< 3.00E+0l! l <' 2.00570i Cs-134 [< 3.00E+00 d [2{ 3.00E+00{ _<u .00E+001, 2 j j !C_ s 137 ._((3.00E+00 { <; 4.00E+00, 5 3.00E+00; _j Ba/La-l.40_5j 7.00E+00; f
[Ce-141
<{5
<i .
00E+00'3EE 00[._ !_l__ i 5; 3.00E+00,
<i 5.00E+00'
(( 5.00E+00[UGU~+'Ol[ l
~ ~
YNid4 ! 2 2.00EAUII [ iU0E+UI i Ra-226 l 5_6f)0E+0_lj I <[6.00E+0lj_, hqL5_.00E+01 y l Th-228 __$_5.00E+00; _J_< 5.00E+00; i<j 4.00E+00: l
.Gro_ss Beta 2.80E+00(+/ 4 800E-Ol_ / 9._00E-01. ,
^ 2.70E f 00{+/-_
Sr-89 < 2.00E+00' <h_2.90E+00[f 2.00E+00' - 2.00E+00,
<[ 5.00E-Ol_ j LS r-90 < 7.00E Ol[ _ <! 8.00E-Olf m t <i 7.00E-Oll [ :
l Nuclide O l ' 4 31-OCT " -l: i 28-NOVi - 'l'< ? 27-DEC ~l
-Bet __ . g _3ME_+01._ L ___ _51 3.00E101p _ __j . 5L2_.00E+01 _
_ _.. _j K-40 <! 5.00E+01 __ [, (,<j 4.00E+01 Cr-51 g[ 3.00E+014 l (I.1.00E+02l
< 3.00E+01l l <(2.00E+01 ._.
h1n-54 3.00E+00
<! 4.00E+00[ _ j_<; 2.00E+00. Q l
[tS8 - ] 3.00E+00,. <L . _5j 4.00E+00. !
< 2.00E+00[__ 1 ye-59 ._. ._.5(! 3.00E+007.00E f _ , _ _ _,4 <[ 8.00E+00' g(5.00E+00; ) ,Co-60 < 00;
{ i4.00E+00;_
! <[ 3.00E f 00 __ ____, :
l lZn-65 < 6.00E+00 _ j <j 8.00E+00 .545.00E+00 __ (Zr/Nd-95 <4 4.00E+00; <( 4.00E+00, _ 5(2.00E+00 ,_ 1Ru- 103 <j _4.00E+00
<(4.00E+00~ .
[_4_3fX)E+00 .,_ d.06__5i 3.00E+01 _ _ . _ _ _5j 3.00E+0lg _. _ _j_g(21)0E+01 __ _ ys 13_4_ ._<I 3.00E_+00 . , , _ , _ _ _gL4.00E f 00 _ j <: 3.00Ef00; , _ , _
;Cs-137 _< 4.00E+00 l
<; 4.00E+00' <i 4.00E r00 3 Bda-140 <
5.00E+00] <;, 4.00E+00 ._13.00Ed 00; J, I l Ce-141 <l 6.00E+00'- i <! 5.00E+00' ,
<: 5.00E60- I !
.- IN
~
'Ce r.._-144 _ I __ _ ,<!.1..0_0E+U. 4 _ _.-.__ ,. ~2._2_.0_0. N_ i_U._I
._2_f g; 8. _00E+01~ ~iU.U...E_i.d.._l ira-226 _ _,. <! 7.00E+0lp ' < 5.00E+01 __
iTh-228 <f 7.00E+00_ (_5L6.00E+00 _ <l 4.00E+00 _.J 1 j l pross Betaj i 2.10E+00 +/ ;9_. 00E-Ol_Q 3.70Et00, +/- 19.00E-Ol_D, 3.00E+00]/g8.00E;01 __i fr-89_ i_ 2ME+00Q,_ ! <j 2EE+00 _,_ $L 2EE+00 _l ,_ _.j j ;sr-90._. J_5 t .00E-0_l b J 5 , _gL .6.00E-01u _ _< 6.00E-0.lj _[ _ 13-45
i ( l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Envir<mmental I Operating Report FERMI 2 DRINKING WATER ANALYSIS DW-3 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter) l Nuclide -l. JAN l: 128-FEB ' -l 28-M AR - l 1 p Be_-7 _i._<; _ _+_4i
, _. 3.00_E+01 _._ _
__.r._.00E+01i2.__ g_..i . ___4_.00_E . 01 +g t _%..._
!K
- r. . ..4_0_._ _! _<l_ g_1.0_0_E+ - .02 : 1 <; _8_.0_0E_+01.: _l.__.___.
__ l_.0_ _0E+02 : 4.____ , Cr-51_ { 5(3.00E+0lb ___L5L2.00E+01{ j < 4.00E+0_l[_ j _.l
;M.n-54_ _ <(4.00E i OO; 3 _ ._ _ _[. <l _3.00E+00_ __ . L < 4.00E t00; j_
,Co_.5_8._ <; 3.0._0E_+0.
0 y' _ __ y _,!_3.0_0E+00: < - . _._ _ ..__; < ._4.._0_0E. _+00,' _. ,i _ _ ! m
!Fe-59 l <' 7.00E+00' - l !
--<' 6.00E+00w_, <. 9.00E_+0_0 __ i _.__ _.a f '
,Co _60
-- ._.r' <! .4.00.E.+_0. 0, . _ . -_ - .i < 3.00E+00
-_4_.00E+(X+)'.--
l lZn-65_. l__i g[8.00E+00 !_ L___ i gL 6.00E+00, _I_
; < 9.00E+00] j __ _ _
- Zr/N. d 4<.,l . 4 00E+00,
. - - , i <' 3.00E+00
. + _- ._
<_ . 4_._00E.+00,- . .
y
.- 3, < 3.00E+00 < 5.00E+00' lRu-103 ~ l <: 4.00E+00 I i F
~ ~
jR'M_U6 _Tl,i~3i._X)Ei_(il -_.e A A.UO5_+01_L_y!_ . . _ _ _ ' __ T ~<IT _00E_+01..__. 7 _ r _ , _
$s- 134_4 _<L.4.00E.+00. ; < 3.00E+00, _L __ig 5.00E (X) t _ _ _ .
,Cs-137_ . <L_4.00E+00,__L_ __ j_gi 3.00E+00 L_._ _g; _5,00E+00; ,_. __
IB..a_/La-140 <!., . 4... 0_0E+00 p _ _ e 1
<' _3 0. 0_ E+00 --
l _
< 5 00. E.+00,' ,
,C. ..e.. _- 1_4_1_~<!_5.00E_+0.. 0 _ _ . . . . _
< ._ 5__.00__ E+00 '. .
< 7 .00_E..+.(X_)
._I Ce- 144_ g _2fX)EtQl,4_ 4 2.00E.101 ___ < ~ 3.00E+01 l
;Ra-22_6_.iglg7_.00E+0lj_
< 6.00E+01(:
_ , _ , u
. < 9.00E+01, !
m-22_8__j t
<L5fX)E+00 l _g__7 00E+00L_j
<! 6.00E 001_j.i_2.8_0E+00L+/- 4.70E+00; +/-9.00E-01
[ Gross Beta L [1.20E+00 1_ .3 20E+00; +/-jl.00E+00 . lS.r _89_ J _4.00Ey00,. j._ _ j__ __]J_gj_7.00E-0IL
<4 3.00E+00 l ._5 2. 00.E+00] ]_ <Sr:90_1_$ < _
l00E+00 .I_
<- 8 m E-Ol! ;
3 l Nuclide - l - 25- APR - -l. 30-MAY 'l 27-JUN n l
;Be-7 i <! 5.00E+0 l ! . <! 3.00E+01 i ~
~
< 4.00E+0l !
~
IK. d_ o. _ _ <!. .l'.0. 05_+02
.i _ _ _ _I_._,_5._.005+01r < __._____l_.00_E_+02!_~I_' <
3
- Cr-51 ! <
< 3.00E+0l!
l
+1 <.
4.00E+0l j. m. i
- _~~_<.j 5.00E+0 l !
N.n. 5_5_ ,i _4.00.E. _+00_.d__ ._ i . <l _3.0U5_+i)U __J _ _ ._ ._.. . . _4._0_0.._E+00_ . 7_ - !._ .-
' Co-5 8., _ $[ 5.00E+(X) ._j.___ _ < ' _ 3.00E+00,._ < 1
._5._4.00E+00; _]i .
j<
;Fe-59 <; 9.00E+00; i __ _ 6.00E+00, . _
! 9 00E+00 Co-60 _ <:. _.4.00_E_+00 . _ !
~ ..-
<lm_.3 0_.0.. _E+_00 g_ _
,' _. <; _4.00_E+00 ._y yl .. _ .a Zn-65 _ _g(1.00E01(_j_.__._; f <i 5.00E+00 _ < l.00E+0IL.j 4 3.00E+00 .j I _ __ , __ _ . , .4 00E+00L i t <
(Zr/Nd-95. 4 < _.5.00E 00 .
;Ru-l.03 i c 5_.00E+00,
; 4. <( 3.00E+00 < 5.00E+00 .i _. i
!Ru-106_ _! i <! 2.00E+0lj _ _ < 4.00E+0 l j . .
lCsy34 _ ,! , <! 4 00E+01[(_ L5.00E+00, OO i
<j 3.00E i . , _ _ _
< ._5_.00E+00, . ._ ,
.Cs- 137 j <; 5.00E+00 i $L4.00E+00_ < 4.00E+00. L___
[Ba/La-140 {$(5.00E+00, __ j.. __.J <[ 5.00E+00_ _ ..._ _. L < 7.00E+00; _l i Ce:14l__(._g[1.00EO_lj. i i . <; _6.00E+00. _ 4
.._. ngE8 00E+00 1 i
Ce- 144 l $[ 2.00E+01 .;. < . 3.00E+01[ J! <!< 1!_.00._E.+_02,i 4.00E+0lj
- Rag 26 ,
<!.. 6.0. 0..E_+01 -, . ,. _ . <
_9.00. .E. .+_01 + : i
-._g _. . ..e 7
iThg28,_ __4
<; 9.00E+00' __ ; _ _ _ $L5_.00E+00 _j _ _ _ _ < _8,00E 00 j _ _ ..
pross Beta _ L i.4.80E+00 +/-;1.20E+00 4.50E+00, +/-j l .00E+00_ _, 3.9()Et00, +/- j 1.00E+00 M89 _. b_5! _2.00Et004 1_.. ,. , 5, J00E!00, g _ _ _ ., _5_ 3;00E+00, _ ;
!Sr-90 ! <[ 1.00E+0() .j_ <1 9.00E-011 1 < 8.00E-01 i _
13-46
. - - _ . - - . - - . - - -- ~_- . . _ . . - . . --
Ferms 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS SW 2 (Control) (pCi/ liter) l Nuclide e ] = M 9-JAN (a) ' - 'l- '30-JAN(b) 4 !Is 16-PEB (a): 1 (Be-7 <l 3.00E+01(_j <43.00E+01_J ;_<; 3.00E+01 I I i K-40_ . <! <j 5.00E+01 ! <. 5.00E+01 __j LCr-51 <1 5.00E+01{ [i 3.00E+01j__ __ _
< _3.00ii
{ $1_ 2.00E+0li i
<' 3.00E+01 _l .j fin:54_., f 00 . j _., ..[ <L 3.00E+00{._.. _ _ _ _j _ <; 3.00E+00 l <; 3.00E+00f,___L _j _ _J Co-58 J { <j 3.00E+00 i__5_ 3.00E+00 Fe-59 < 7.00E+00' I j <; 5.00E+00. i
{ <(5.00E+00 Co-60 < 3.00E+00, j l. <! 3.00E+00, i <; 3.00E+00i .j jZn-65____.f 8.00E+00 j !
<( 6.00E+00' _
' 6.00E+00{ __y
!Zr/N.d-95. . 3.00E.+00; . . i- . . - . _ . - <l- 3.00E+00*-- l .!< 3.00E+00 7..<
w - -. t. ._.-+ -.. t ---. 7 +
< 3.00E+0,l! I i
<L2.00E+01i 2.00E+01l _] _
[(Ru-106 s-134 <1 4.00E+00 __._j_ _J_5 3.00E+00 4_4 00E+00' <J.00E+00j ,
<! 3.00E+00j !
Gs-137 _5[ 4,00Et00 {_q . , _j a/La-140_ i
. gp 4.00E+00g __... _L.5[ 3.00E+00(_.
<j 5.00E+00_ . __ ,_.I_<gj 5.00E+004_
3Ee-14.L____5J._6.00E+00g ._ i 6.00E+00;
;Ce-144 < 2.00E+0 l ! _j i <j 2.00E+0l!
<l 2.00E+0_1
[Ra-226 <,7.00E +0 l}_ L5(6.00E+01
..,34_6.00Ef00;_ ____ (<j. 5.00E f 00_y _y <l 7.00E+014___ _l hW228 i _,i< . 2. 0. 0_E. _+0_.0; f _ ._ _.[._<<,i6.00E+00
> Sr.. _89 _
p _< .._1 00. .E.+_00+_
- _ __4.. y 7
! ! _2._0_0E+00,, ,.
lSr-90 <. 8.00E-Ol! t j_5j1.00E+001 i ! <l _1.00E 00;- . _ . l l Nuclide ? l t ? 13-FEB (a)1 S 228-FEB (b)' T l" . 128-MAR - 1 { Be .7____4 33Et01j___ (______ y <l 3.00E+01{. <? 3.00E t 01_ pK -40 _ _ <[1.00E+02i._.__ _,_ L 5 Lt.00E t02 _p5;_8.00E+01_ _ _ _ gr-51 <i 3.00E+0ll <l 3.00E+011 , 4_5 3.00Ef0lj yn;54 _q < 4.00E+00 l _5( 3.00E+00 J : < 3.00E+00Ej___ Co-58 < _ !j_3_ 8.00E+004.00E+00
; <: 3.00E+00__J
__4
,_ <; 3.00E+00[ j _j jFe-59 ( <, 7.00E+00 _ ___L_.<i_6.00E+00 _j !
Co-60_ _. _gy4.00E+00 g y ._4 _ __gL.4.00E+00 l . _ _._ j _ g<3.00E+00L._.._ l Zn-65__.. _.__ _ j <( 8.00E+00 _ J Zr/Nd-95
. Ru-103
< i _. .
t _.54_4.00E+008.00E 00,_. 3
,_ .J_,.<4 00E+00; i! _j_3.00E+00,
<j
< 7.00E+00 . [ j
<[ 4.00E+00 i l <j_4.00E+00. _i <j_4.00E+00 i fRu-106 ._5( 3.00E+01{_]_ _ [ <p3.00E+0ll_ _1_< t 3.00E+01I I (Cs-134 _ _ < 4.00E+00p._ j _ <j_4.00E t 00b _ _ [ _ gL 3.00E+00{ _ , ...__ _ __
,Cs-137.. _4. < 4.00E+00 ___j_gl 4.00E+00' i <l 4.00E+00, __j
[Batai40 Ce-141
< 5.00E+00
<' 5.00E+00:
( L<j 4.00E+00;
! <: 5.00E+00, j <l 4.00E+00;
! <: 5.00E+00-
_l l Ce l_44 ._$ 2_.00Ef01 [<h5E+]ill_ ' <!_2.00E+01 __ _. _ j Ra-226 i l _<q 6.00E+007.00E+01 p. .,_ _.
<l 7.00E+0th __ _ _ ; <j 7.00E+0lp . _ _
Th-228 J _,_ p6.00.E+00;< r 3 _ __
<( 6.00E+00 _. _
;S_r-89__lg5 g .00E+00 2 j _ _ ] _< Q .00E+00 _ .
<g 1.00.E+00 .
_{ _. [Sr-90 1 <l 6.00E-Ol ! j ic 8.00E-Ol! <: 7.00E-01C L_ _ _ i \ ! l 13-47 j l i
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS SW-2 (Control) (pCi/ liter) kuclide '- l::
- 25-APR i ' 1: MAYS ~-l { 413-JUN (a) ' O^ "l j <l -
<; 3.00E+01 lEC-2. _
3.00E+0 lid 1_<i_3_.00E+0l!
}
K-40 j <j_6.00E+01i EqL 9.00E+01 {Cr-51 __j <! 5.00E+01 [_ _ j 4 L <: 3.00E+0lj,_ i <j 3.00E+0J e iMn-54 j_ <<k(3.00E+01 3.00E+00 _j gL 3.00E+00 _ I <. 3.00E+00 .__! Lgo-58 <i 3.00E+00 _, l _<j 5.00E+00 i[ $[ 3 00E+00 _j_5L 3.00E+00 g<! 7.00E+00g
;Fe-59 g f ,
(Co-60 <[_3,00E_+00 (_ { < <[:_7.00E+00 3.00E+00y i <l 3.00E+00 l
$n-65__ _q(5.00E+00, j l _5(_7.00E+00 g __[ . ! <i 7.00E+00 y
. [Zr/Nd 95_..,5 ._3.00E+00 _,1_ _._g 5; 4.J0E 00 ,_4 _. . . 5 3.00E+00 _ _ _ _l
}
Ru-103 < 3.00E+00' i <4 4.00E+00; _ .j_ < 3.00E+00, _
.Ru-106 4_< 3.00E+0lj l <! 3.00E+0l! _l I ! < 3.00E+0lj 3.00E+00 <1 3.00E+00' _! <l 4.00E+00
[Cs-134 _L $ Cs-137 5 3.00E+00: I
<! 4.00E+00L4 <j_3. 00E+00, ._j ;
a/La ._140
,__g [6100E+00( __j_ < , . 5_.00E+00p_ _ _j iEC-141.I <_y < 4.00E+00 ._
6.00E+00: ! <; 5.00E+00
~ ! <j 8.00E+00j m._ _i
;Cc-144 ],_31. 3.00E+0lg
, ] <4l 3.00E+0il4 i
<l 2.00E+0lf i __
Ra-226_ <i 7.00E+01Q1 j_ <j 8.00E+0lj _1_ <! 6.00E+014_ Ip228_ j_.5_6.00E+00 __,
< 7.00E+00;
_ j._ ,
<! 6.00E+00 _
- Sr-89 < <! 2.00E+00: ! <i 2.00E+00; s
[SrAII~ _q 2.00E+00(^~[ 7~
~~1)~0E0i 7 ~ [ < [~/.00E35[l[ I T 9}}052)I CJ [ [_] )
I Naciide = l: 127-JUN (b) s ;I- 725-JUU l- ' : 29-AUG ' ol l
,Be-7 _ <j 3.00E+01(_L <[ 3.00E+01I _1_$L 3.00E+01j _ j K-40 __ _ _ 3.52E+0lj +/- 1.98E+01 < 9.00E+0lb _ j <[ 5.00E+01 l j gr-51
< 3.00E+0l! $g.00E+0lj 3 <! 3.00E+01 .J gin-54_ <4 3.00E+00 ,
l <j 3.00E+00 <g .00E+00 3 ! ggo-58 <i 3.00E+00Q _j. <l 3.00E+00 _ ( <! 3.00E+00 j__ jFe-59 __<[ 7.00E+00 <! 7.00E+00 ; <j 6.00E+004_ _ LQg60_ _ _(3.00E+g_.__ _ _ _
. _3] _3.00E+00 4 ._j . <j ,3.00E+00 l @n;65,,.___.l__gj 6.00E+00 g <! 7.00E+00; !
l_gg 7.00Ed)0 .__ _ _ __ ] [Zr@d-95] <j 3.00E+00[ j <; 3.00E+00 j Ru-103 [_g4 4.00E+00 <l
<! 4.00E+00'3.00E+($
. <! 4.00E+00' _j yu-106 3
<!_3.00E+01 i
<! 3.00E+0l! {
pGs-134 j.._$[t .00E+0lj
.5 3.00E+00 ., _ _ __ y __ ._ _ ! _<l _
.4.00E+00._
.g_<L 3.00E+00 _ __
Cs-l37
!Ba/La-140 1_ <l_4.00E+00
<, 6.00E+00 l
_} <l 4.00E+004L_ <L4.00E+00 ._ i <; 4.00E+00 ( _ <j 6.00E+00 4 81)0E+00~ pgi. 6.00E+001 I
%e-141]_< __
_f 7.00E+00
;Ce-144 1< 3.00E+01 J_gj 2.00E+0lj __ ; <3.00E+01]. _ j lRa-226 I< 8.00E+01 ' ! <: 7.00E+0l! ; <' 9.00E+0l!
hj < 7.00EiOO [_[~ .k2)0E k [ ' ~ l ~ <[ 7j)0E+00 _([ [Sr-89 , <j 3.00E+00 igj 2.00E+00, , g(2.00E1 01 _j lSr-90 l <! 1.00E+00 d ( _ <* 2.00E+00 _j_ : < 6.00E-Oll l
..i 13-48
4 Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l Radiological Environmental Operating Report { FERMI 2 i SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS } SW-2 (Control) (pCi/ liter) LNuchdeHL ~26 SBP t - -1C W > - 31 OCT ' :l
' 28-NOVO 'l
( [Be-7 i <(2.00E+0lki Jg3.00E+01 < J
%-40 <l 4.00E+01 p ,} <! 6.00E+01 l <L3.00E+01 9.00E+01
;Cr-51 pg 3.00E+01, i <! 3.00E+01 !_._ e 2_.00_E+01 _
yn;54 . _gi 3.00Ef00 . __.__4 g{. 3.00E+00 ...,j ._ _._ ; 5[,3 met 00 ._ p _ _ J
,Co-58 3.00Ef 00__ L <[ 3.00E+00L. I L <j 3.00E+00 fe-59 <; 5.00E+00; }_<4 7.00E+00,__] ~ <! 6.00E+00; g _,_jj
;Co-60 <1 3.00E+00' <! 3.00E+00 ~~ l <!
I i 3.00E+00' ~ J f.Zn-65 {<[ 3.00E+00 [ [ <f 7.00E+00 .
<! 6.00E+0 j
! <!_3.00E t 00 _ <j _3.00E+00 _ _ _ _j
'fRu-103Zr/Nd 95_i$}I_6.00E+00
!Ru-106
< 3.00E+00,~ j_514.00E+00 3.00E+01
, c 3.00E+00 _
<l 3.00E+01{ [ i <l 3.00E+01l J (Cs-134 <! 3.00E+00' I [ <{ <; 3.00E+00]
L<L 3.00E+004 _Jl Cs-137 < 3.00E+00 j j <j 3.00E+004
<! 4.00E+04(
B J _a/La-140__ _< 4.00Et00 ,__ _ _ _ <j 6.00E+00 j _ _ <; 4.00E+00[ l _ j Ce- 14_1_ ,_,_ ._ <! 6 00E+00, < <l 5.00E+00;_ 2.00E+0l{ ____ _<;l 3.00E+011 7.00E+00
< <j 2.00E+01 (Ce.I44 __
Raj.26 < 7.00E+0l{ gj,8EE+01I < 6.00E+01 Th_-228 < 6.00E+00 _ j._gL7 00E+00, ! <! 5.00E+0g_ r- 2.00E+00; . . . -.-..- -- j <i 2.00E+00;. Sr-89-. < - i < 2.00E+00' . -. . ! [Nuclide U L- B o 12-DEC (a) : - - lw 4 , -
~ DECD & l Be-7 L<j 3.00E+014 <! 3.00E+0lj_,_L K-40 .., .-. <: 5.00E+0l! .
. . . - . . . - .. ..< l 5.00E.+. 01 l-.-
IUn ~54 < ~3.00E+00'- i
<I 3.00E+00! I--~
+
[go-58 IFe-59
<l 3.00E+00
<! 5.00E+00'
<{ 3.00E+00'
<! 6.00E+00 il
~
Cg60_ ._ . _5 3,.00Et 00[ ]____ {(I 6.00E+00;3 t 00E 00,_]
@n-65 1_5 _6.00E+0(L _1 j} _<<_3.00E+00 _{
[Zr/Nd-95 1_< 3.00E+00; ,{ [ jRu-103 } <! 3.00E+00l l 1 <;! 3.00E+00 ; i 3.00E+0lT7 ' tt 06__}_$L3:00@[_ .,_._].]<[ 3.00E+00L _ i_ _., , jES:.134 _ _ _g[_ 3.00E+00j _4._ _ ps-137 g 4.00E+00 ! <l , 3.00E+00 _j__ j
;Ba/La-140T <[ 3.00E+00 < 4.00E+00l l
;ge-141 <j5.00E+00 l < 6.00E+00 , L j
[ge-144 Q 2.00E+0lj <, 3.00E+0lL__ j q
!Ra-2_26 _$p7.00E+0( . _ _ <p8.00E t01(_. _ p ;
l h 228 _ _gL 6.00E t 00 _ <l 6.00E+00 iSr-89 , <! 2.00E+00 . 1< 3.00E+00- l ISr-90 ] <L8.00E-01j i , ,_j_ < 7.00E-01 4 _j (a) Grab Sample (see section 10.4.2) (b) sample less than representative (see section 10.4.2) 13-49
- ._- . . .. . .. ~ - _ . - .. _ . - . .- - - . . _ - - . ___-
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual i Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS ! SW-3 (Indicator) j (pCi/ liter) l 'Nuclide ' 1 l1 + 030-JAN' -l' > - FEB " 'l9 521-MAR (a) '
~l
;Be-7 I <! 4.00E+0lj i < 3.00E+0)I J )
[K-40 1.00E+02i i [i <! 2.00E+0l!<! 5.00E+0lT,j I < 6.005~+~511 I [Cr-5I <h 4.00E+01j_[ ] 2 00E+0ICl ;
<! 3.00E+0Il l R~ l yn-p4 __ _5j. 4fX)Et00,._ _ _. _j .. <! 3.00E+00 ,
_ _ ..,_1. g(3.00E+00; _ f, _ _ _ Co-58 _ l <4.00E+00; _ i <! 3.00E+00' i Fe-59
<l 9.00E+00l L5
_j_ 3.00E+00i__3 j<5.00E+00, <! 6.00E+00! gCo-60 _ <! 5.00E+00; j_ <l 3.00E+00j l <l 4.00E+00 g.,_ _ [Zn-65 ._j1.00E+0lf,]
< L5p 6.00E+00 _$[ ,7 00E+00 i jZr/Nd;95__54 4.00E+00 <g 31X)E2 00 _ _ __, f_5; 3.00E+00; ]..._ ,
I <
- jRu-103 .n. < ._ 5.00E+00 _ <[ 3.00E+00' 3.00E f 00iJ._
jRu-106 4.00E+0[ I $[ 31)0E 1014 1_ ___,_fj 3.00E+00<l 3.00E+0lf igs-134 _ <l 5.00E+00; , <; 3.00E+004 _ Cs-137 < 5.00E+00 1 I <! 4.00E+00 i <! 4.00E+00' ~ a[a-140_I8.00E+00; Ce-141
< .hh05] <
UUE[00i __ _._ ._4_<; 4.00EjiiU __ ] I j_5.00E+00 . j S p.00E+001 l
;Ce-144 < 4.00E+01l _I <{ 2.00E+01 l i_43.00E+01 Ra-226 m< <[ 7.00E+01 8.00E+0! _ _j ny228 l.00E+02[
. ,5, 8.00E+00p <l 6.00E+00 yi <<j: 7.00E+00, j t . _ _ _. ._(,5j 21)0Et00 ,. _ ___j_g_100E00!
r t ! jSr-89
;Sr-90 _ _ <.b.6.00E-0lb g . 3.00E 00 _j. <j 7.00E-01L_ l <! 7.00E-01I .
}
l Nuclide s l : 28-MAR (b) E =lC 5 25-APR 7 <
- P 130-MAY:
!Be-7 j <! 3.00E+011 j <! 3.00E+01 ! <t 3.00E+01 fK-40, _. 6.00E+01
_.__.__J_5[ 5.00E+01 .. _{ __ j <(4.00E+016.00E+01. __[. _ _ _
;Cr 51_ _5p 310E 4.00E+00 i OJf _ _( <
3.00E t01 (,g_ g __ [Mn-54 <g l <i 3.00E+00, 1 <' 4.00E+00 4 [o-58 <{3.00E+00 l S i <! 3.00E+00 J _<f 3.00E+00 LFe-59 <L 7.00E+00; ._ 6.00E+00, _ ,j <j 8.00E+00g g _. ~ < 31X)E+004 _._ _ j_q 4_.00E+00j_ iGPJ.60_ _ _ . __ jZr/Nd-95
. _ (( 4.00E+00
!Zn-65 _ . _5 9.00E t00
<l 4.00E+00,_,
_ ._g[ 610E+00; __r__, _i_<(6.00E+00i._
! <j 3.00E+00 _ L j <j 4.00E+00j j
p u-103 ,._ ___5L4.00E+00 J_ L5j_ 4.00E+00 J i <; 4.00E+00L_._ ._,_j _.___j Ru-106 l f j_g( 3.00E+0jj. ! I,Cs-134
<1[
< 4.00E+00' .3.00E+0IL__I__J_5L j< 41X)E+00 i ~
3.00E '
<! 4.00E+00' 0IQ_ ~
~ l l
qs-137 <[U00E+0d~l, 4 r .T_,_4.U_0E+0U ~ , _ T<! ~4.00E+UO. ^
!Ba_/La,140 <! 4.00E+0g_, <! 4.00E+00 l < 8.00E+00' !
;l 1
Ce-141 Ce-144
<! 6.00E+00 3.00E+01{ _
<j_7.00E+00;
<i 3.00E+01
{ $_91X)E+00 i <: 3.00E+01 . g
]
Ra-226 < 8.00E+0li < 9.00E+01 ! < 1.00E+02 ! 15-228 liXY00E[ _ jjh , _ [ h{9[00Ek k [ ~.[ ]
'Sr-89
; [5(2_.00E+00 l <l 2.00E+00 I <i 2.00E+00 _]
!Sr-90_i <l 9.00E-0IL__C_ j <j 9f)0E-OlO _gu8.00E-Olt 1_ _ !
13-50
1 Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS SW 3 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter) l Nuclide l' 27-JUN l 25-JULE -l. : 29-AUG l i Be-7 p i <! 3.00E+0l i .
. --- . l n!
2.00E+0 ! . < 3.00E+0l l i , i.. . - _ .<_ _6 .0_0E_+0,l(i m__ l ! l
,';Cr-51_
K._40_j __<_ ! ._6.0._0E_+0 l ! _! _ . _<
.<{_4_.0_0._E.+_0,l ! 3.00E_+0lj_l_
_ <{ 3.00E+0 lI~[! i 2.00E+0lk . _ _ _,_< __
- M n.-5.. 4_ . l . <.! 4. 0_ .0.E. +00. . .
m i <. 2.00_E+00. 4 _ _
. 3. 00.E+00' _..i .
,Co. 5. 8_ : <! _3_.00_E.+_00. ir <
._ ..! 2. _.00.E_+0. 0 .. ! _ . < ' ._3.0. _0_E_ .+_00;_ ,i r p _ . . . . . . . . . _ . _ . _.
Fe _5_9. _ _ ._e 7.00E+00 ..! . _.-
-_5_.00.E._+00.. _ l .
_ _.._,. _ ._.< 7 _.00..._E+00 _ w._.y. 1 4
,C. _o-6. 0. ._ ...._
<!~4.0 .0E_+00_: , _ _._ <'
_._ 2.(X_)E+00' l 1 < 4.00E+00 ' i.Z.n. _65..... . ~! . <. 7. 0_ _0E. _+.0._0. _ _ r! _. ._ .' .< 5. 00. _E+_0. 0 . -,I_ _. _ _ - _8_.00..._E. ( +. _00..o _ i _ _ ._ _ a
!,Z. r/Nd-95 .! .<: 4. 00E. +_00. y
~ i < .
3.00. E.+. _00 1 %_
! <: 3
.- 00E+00.rl _ ~ . i. ;
<,.! ._3_.0_0E. +00. r. -i _.4 _ .. _ _ _ ;. <
, R_ u. _- 1_03..i _ y.a< '. . ._4.0_0E_+0. 0_ , _ _.e; - _ -. _!
- r. . _4._00E.+_00
. ...,I._.
Ru:106 ! <j 3.00E+0li ! 1
<i 2.00E+0l ! ! < 3.00E+01: !
~ ~
Cs ! <!
~._- 13_4. _ 4_._3_.00_E+0_0. ' . _ i ._ _ _! _._<,_2.0UE+iX) .
I~ [ A.00l[+05 .._m
- i-C_s .137_- l <4 4 ..00. . .E_ _+0._.,1 i
0.. .. _ . . _. . .,-.1.. ..<~l . ._3._.00E_ +0. .. 4 . . 0...,. . .._ __._. _ _ I_ _ < , _4._.00, ._E. _+.0. . 0. # .. _. 4 , l Ba/L_ a_ .140. l _m_<i .L _7.0_0E+00,. .i
; <i < 5.0. _0E_ +00' . ' '
3 4> <, ;_4__.00E+00_. - [. _ . . _+ Ce-141 i <' 9.00E+00; { 5.00E+00. i
< 8.00E+00' I i l _ [~
~
+ I'01
~
f_e'_~]4.i-~_ v _. . T, V..,. _3.U.OE' -a - _..I"__ . _. .~ I 7. 2 0. 0..E+0 _a U .00E+UI C _ . - l- Ra 2. 2_6. . _ i ._<..,! 1.(X)E+02' - . - .
-<! 5.00E+0li l - _ - .0E+02: - .i. .- -
- < l.0 i i
! < _4.00.. E. +_0_0 i; <' 8 00E+00;
__.-_.__-..,.._..u_ , Jh-228_ _.h' : < ._<l._8.0_0E_ ,00. .: i
<' 2.. 00E+00. . ..l p <; 2 00..E.+.00.
> Sr-8_9_ s 4.00.E. +_00 _ a_ _ _ _ _ _
, , _a_
. 3 lSr-90_ _fL <j_1.00E+00, j __ l <: _7.00E-0 . _ . L _ _.. < 6.00E-01 ; '_
l Nuclide '- l 27-SEP l 31-OCT ' l~ NOV ' l , w-7 . ~Be _. i . <: . 3_.00.E. _+01 a_ l .
+ __
< 3_.00E. _+_01 w ._ i - < 3.00E+01 i !
!;--K...4._0.. . . _ <~. . [,...4 .5.00E+0 l. _li._ p . . _i. . < . ._ l ... 6. .. 0. 0E+0. l. 4i.
. . ~ . - . . . i < . 7._ .00. E_+0.1 .
_. 1 _ .6 lrC.r_-5.1_ .w'<! 3.00_E+0 ..4 l ! _.! _ __. _,t. _ _<.! _3.0.. 0...E. .+..01 :
._y_..._._
l < 2. 0. 0.E_+0
. . ~ l l _ _ .! . _ ,
l <l 3.00E_+00,' <! 3. . < 3.00E+00
' M.n-54 -
-+!- -.!- -.0_0E.+.00. -.._7 1 I i
_. _<. 3. ..00. E_+0. 0...,,. , _. g! . . . .
., . 9_. ._.-
.C..o.
. 5._8_i -.. < . , 3,.00.E. +. 004. _. i . ._._ _ _ ,p.
i
.._<; .,. 3.(X)E_.+.._00. 44.._
i .Fe 5. _9_ -a 1
<'n.6.00. E. +00 . 2'
.- a ;
<i 6.0._.0E_+00 a-- -
4 A' _ _ ..- . -< 6. 00E+00 . - . - . . . 5Co-60... ~v e.....<: p
! <:. 4.00E+00, ..}..i
.9- < . 3.. 00.~ E+00. - 4 i l
! .6.00E+00' 3. . 00E.. +. 00' . .<.6.00E+00' '[
!Zn-65 ~ 1
<. ~7.00E+00' ,
lZr_/N._dl95 _ _ <f 3.0U_.5_+0_0 i~
. .. '<_.f. __. _ N _3_.(X_)5. +.._UO., _ L~ <I. ~~ ...<3. U_0E_+0U ._' i. .. _ __~_ ;l s
- R . u_ _103_ _ : < < _ _ . _ .. _<-3. 00. . E_+00. ., _ _ .I _ _
m p_! 3. _.0_0. E. .+_r_00,' _._ 4 00E+00 _ + _ ~i . _ 7 i
' R_u l %_ .. __4<,.. 3.- 0. .0E. +_0_4 .
~r i
_ ,! _ <! .-.3 0. 0. E.+. 0.1 in .. .j_
. . . _ . _ _<' . 3.0._0E. +0. l.s! . . _
Cs-134 <! 3.00E+00 i l <! 4.00E+00' I < 3.00E+00, l Cs7137 [32X)E+00 ' <' ' 4.005+00 I < ~3.00E+00
. <I
~
' B_aI.L. _'al l _45_~ r_. ,; _< f 4 2.X_)5+0U,~
._ _ .._. . - ._..-r. 5_2)0E_+iX_) I~_ . . _ . . , < . . 4_.0_U5_+iX._)I _ _. - .~_ _ . ;i Ce_.1.4 _1 eIy _7 d 0_0E_+00. .~ _ _. !
3 ..__... _. l <, ,.8 _00E. . _ +_00'4 . _ _. . . . _ _ . _ 6
< 5 00._E._+00
_._ _. y r. _ _ _ i Ce-144 i <' 3.00E+01 ! ~ i < 3.00E+01i ~ ~
< 2.00E+01!
Ra326] [ 8.0U5+Uii~i- .t ~ "T92X)5+0li _< o <[6.UO5+0lI i 6 r-IT_h 2'!_8! _ <I. 72. )0E+0_0., ._ .i _<i. 8.. 0_0E+..0_0,
- _._ <_ . 5. 00E+.00'. _- '.
iSr .89_... - . _ . !, _<! 2.0_0. . ~ E+00 _. _ . . ~ _ __._3.00.E_+00. . .
, _'_ _ . . < 2_.0_0E. _+_00. _ ,' __ _
lSr-90 __ ' <; 7.00E 01 L__ _ _ _< 7.00E-0_l; E_ _ _ <_ . 9.00E-Olj _ _ _ . . 13-51
- . . . . . - . . . . - - - - . ~ . - . - - - . . - .- -... . . . . _ _._. .. .
L Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report . FERMI 2 SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS SW 3 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter) l Nuclidsu I 327-DBCc 31 _ 1 3.00E+01 ' [Be-7 LK-40 <l 6.00E+01 ,
- Cr-51_ <L 3.00E+0lt _j M9:54___1_gj 3.00E+( _ .. ._ .;
S 0-58 <! 3.00E+00; __ a iFe-59 <! 6.00E+00, I
'Co-60
=
<! 3.00E+00 T iZn-65 <! 6.00E+00, i
! ,IZr@_d;95_ gl_.3.00E+00{ _ __j - l !Ru-103 <i 3.00E+00 j R ; Lu-106 Cs-134
<f 3.00E+0if
< 4.00E+00 '
% s-137 q< 4.00E+00[ q j
l !.B4a-140 3__< _.3.00E.+00 __ ; _(< 7.00E+00
~
[Ce-141 ! j l Ce-144 < 3.00E+0! i Ija-226 < 9.00E+01 iTh-228 <g 7.00E+00; ;
= Sr-89__ __.... < l. _2. 00E+00' (a) Grab Sample (see section 10.4.2)
(b) sample less than representative (see section 10.4.2) l l 13-52
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 DRINKING AND SURFACE WATER QUARTERLY COMPOSITE SAMPLES Tritium (pCi/ liter) l Station; E l .' First Quarter ; -; l : 7 Second Quarter - al I_ I ___. __.h l.__ .
'DW- 1 j._<j_2.00E+02h.___..
< _2.00E+02!_,[ __.._ _
DW-2 < 2.00E+02 1 !
<< 2.00E+02
!_?
i 4 __j
! I; p_., - ..
.i .
DW3 1 <! 2.00E+02l < 2.00E+02i _ .... _ _ _ .[ SW-2 ! d .. { [C. _ _ _<. ... _. _. _..!..~._. .. __-2.00E+02 (a) { _ ___j 2.00E+02_(a)i_ ___ I l i i ; ' a- [SW-3, [< 2.00E+02! (a)1 l <! 2.00E+02 i __J Station : l._ Third Quarter 3-l / - Fourth Quarter E
. .] ! _ _l._. ] ! _! .
DW 1 ,_<L2 00E+02j. (b)i ___ , _. ._230E+02j +/ _1.00E+02_
-___ I ._ __ ._ _1 J._.,._____.._
DW-2 <I_2.00E+02! <, 2.00E+02; i Ll .l--- l SW-2 [_ <! 2.00E+02{t_.4_.A a) ._2.40E+02l.--+/--.!1.10E+02_
.k(.--..
I .a. -_. _.-...l. _ ) LSW: 3 .. ___[ <l:.2.00E+02 ._.---_-f ! , _1 < 2.00E+02L j (a) sample less than epresentative (see section 10.4.2) (b) sample less than representative (see section 10.4.1) 1 1 13-53
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual j Radiological Environmental l Operating Report 1 FERMI 2 , GROUNDWATER ANALYSIS GW 1 (Indicator) 1 (pCi/ liter) l Nuclide x l '? n First Quarter ela ?Second Quarter s sI (H-3 Be-7 JA 2.00E+02L4 j_ <J_2.00E+02 ,y j J j_<[ 3.00E+0lj__,j., _; _<{ 3 00E+0lj _ K-40 <! 6.00E+0lt <p5.00E+0li ! Cr-51. ._,._g 3#0Ef0h. ,__ < 3.00E t 0( _ _._,__,_5 [Mn-54 j_5 3.00E+00;,_ <. 3.00E+00. J lCo-58 3.00E+00 g l <b.00E+00; i ;
<i 6.00E+00 1 <l 6.00E+00' i
{Fe-59 'Co-60 <! 4.00E+00 ! <j 3.00E+00 i Zn:65_ _ _5' . p,00E t 00,_ _ j_ , __ _ .__5[6 00[tk] ! Zr/Nd-95 < 3.00E+00l [ _. <j _3.00.E+00,.__j. __ J l pRu-103 g ,_ <i 3.00E+00 .J
<j 3.00E+00 !
pu-106 ,_<j 3.00E+0l j _ <L3.00E+0lL; j C L s-134 _ <l 3.00E+00 i ICs-137 . _g[! 4.00E+00i
< 4.00E+00._ _ <I _3.00E+00_ ___. _
fe~'iii~l < 5.U0E+00 ~I ~Ai 75EE)E+00 l Ce-144 l< 2.00E+01 ~
< 3.00E+01 ;
fita-226l < 7.iiUE+0i ! < 7.00E+0i] I lh228_b, 6.00E+00] __ j_s j:00_E+00 .[ ] I l NuclideWl: = Third Quarter L' 4 i Fourth Quarter c -l ~ H-3 -. ... j -..-<j 3.00E.+02i . ! .._
<' . 2.00E+02:,.
i
~ ~
K-40 77,! _6.00._EE_iii.__2i ~2~5.00Ed)iI__, _ 7 gr-51 <! 3.00E+0lj 5, 3p0E+013 ( _ _. ] pin-54 < <j 3.00E+00 J
- Co-58 I~ <{3.00E+00, 3.00E+00
- < 3.00E+00 I I
y l'A~i.UO5+0U 6.00E+00: I If_e... 5_9 iF. ._<9, 7 gCo-60 i <t 3.00E+00; ._
< 3.00E+00 lZn-65_j__gj 7.00E+00; 5 7.00E+00, ._
Zr@d-95 <! 3.00E+00; I _< 3.00E_+00 l _ j R.u 103.-.-- <! 4.00E+00'_- - . - . -
.l _4.00E.+00, -
! l
~
s'TM <IlliO5 5 <I~45EIUU ~[ [Cs-137 j~i 4 00E+00 I 2 4.00E+00~ !
~
ka/La ._140 <h 5,00E+UU _
<[5[(E5EIU0 i
Ce 6 p -141 _.. _ <L mE+00Q _ ._ _. _g_6.00E+00 _ pe:144 _5L2p0E+0lj .< 2.00E+0 lj.__j L a1R 226 ,_ <p7.00E+Oli. _ 7 00E+0l[_ _i LTir228_._Lst 6mE+00 I_4 6
<L .00E+00 j 13-54
Fermi 2 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 GROUNDWATER ANALYSIS
- GW-2 (Indicator)
(pCi/ liter) l Nachde :-l: s First Quarter - i le Second Quarter- - 'l - i [H_-3 _!_$L2.00E+02l_4 <l 2.00E+02! l { [Be-7 _j <l 2.00E+01 ! <I 3.00E+01L_j
%:40, <j 5.00E+0_1 _ _ _ <j 5.00E+0(( t
;Qr-51_ _ .. <[_2EE+0l[L . _ , _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ gg3.00E+0.ly _ _ ,
IMn-54 _ <[ 3.00E+00;. ! <! 3.00E+00 ko-5_8_j <i 3.00E+00! .j < 3.00E+00_ i Fe-59 g, 6.00E+0j0 j [Co.60 _j_sy6;0_0E+00. _, l
<: 3.00E+00; _ _ _g4 3.00E+00; l '
Zn;65 _. _ _ .[ 6EEt00,_ j _ . ._ , _,_3[, 6.00Et 00i_,_J J Zr/Nd-95 <! 3.00E+00'_J <l 3.00E+00] . _ . _] , Ru-103 I
+-m
<! 3.00E+00 l _ i_3.00E+00
< l iRu-106 l_ gj 3.00E+0Il _j < 3.00E+0lj i
'Cs- 134 <! 3.00E+00l l<
3.00E+00; ! Cs-137 ~<i 4.00E+08 < 3.00E+00 UC
~ ~~ ~
B. a.a d_.' -IdU~L' .y<I..'3.~UU5A_U,g _ _I'_
. Ce-141
[ 1
< E.'UUE+00 _7._[s.._
< 7.00E+00
<l 6.00E+00 !
e-144 ,_g .,2.00E+01 ] }_g_3.00E+0if j Ra-226 <_7_.00E+01 < _8.00E+01 i Th-228__g, ,6_.00E_+00L_1._ _l $j _7.00E_+00L, , _,__ I l Nuclide n I t l'Ihird Quarter?In ;li 4 ; Fourth Quarter s -
!H-3 <l 2.00E+02! < 2.00E+02: l lBe-7 <I~3IUEE+UII' ~
< ~3IOUE+dii - ~i -~~
!If-40 < 6.00E+0li
[Cr-51 [t ~Y9.00E+03]7_.
<[3.00E+01 4.00E+00;._ _j
__,,_5j.00E+00; _} 4.00E+01[ - [M.n-54 ' [Go-58_ F _{ <._4.00E+00[ j< _L $ _3.00E+00 ! (_ _ _ J e;59 ,__. 7. 00E+00; _
<f 7.00E+00 __L__
LCo-60 j_g! 4.00E+00 _ _ _5p.00E+00,_j Zn-65 i <l 8.00E+00: J <! 6.00E+00 ,
.Zr/Nd-95 pgj_,4 00E+00 ___j_ <!_4._00E+00; j ___
.Ru 103 . (4 00E+00,.__[_ __ __j Sp4 00E+00] . _ .._ _
Ru-106 <i 3.00E+0ll _L_ _._ <; 3 00E+0lt ._,_ p Cs-134 <j 4.00E+003 l _]<4.00E+00 l
!Cs-137 q_4.00E+00 .
J 4.00E+00l gl 7.00E+00 Q_ hBah;140 f Se-141_.b5. _gp 6.00E 5.00E t00, 00g]. __ . _g4 9.00E+00L_, j , _._ (Ge-144 L <4 <j 4.00E+0l! 4 (Ra-226 {_q(p100E+01(_j,_7.00E+01{j,_ 5}_100E+02; i j [Th-228 1 <! 6.00E+00: 1 I q_8.00E+00 4 13-55
. . . . - - - - ~ . _ . - -- - .
I Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 GROUNDWATER ANAL.YSIS GW 3 (Indicator) (pCi/ liter) l-Nuclide I" < first Quarter - rl< second Quarter i H-3 j_ <l 2.00E+02Q l <i 2.00E+02;
- J p Be 7 ___ _ .t ._____ __,[_______
r-51 <l 2.00E+0i ___ 13.00E+0l! _ i Mn-54 <l 1___ Co-58 ~T 3.00E+00
< 2.00E+00
_<y 3.00E+00_ , ]_ , 1 <g 3.00E+00 i .
<j 5.00E+00 L <! 7.00E+00 l (F_e-59 l j Co-60 _g[ 3.00E+00: <[ 3.00E+00 !
[Zn35_, _,._51_6.00E+00_,L <! i [Zr/Nd-95 <j 3.00E+00g gf_6.00E+00 3.00E+00 i,
,Ru-103 l ,
<4 3.00E+00 J 3.00E+00. j
<i 2.00E+0II]i IRu-l% <! 3.00E+01l i i Es-134 <i 3.00E+00II- <i 3.00E+005 }
Cs-137 <I 4.00E+00 l ~~
<I 3.00E+00 ! ~ l IBa/La-140 <} 3.00EiOUI ~ <Ii60EAUG !
EeI41 <; 5.00E+00- ~2[~ 5.00E+00: " ^ (Ce-144 <l 2.00E+01{ j 2.00E+0li {Ra-226 < 6.00E+0lj < 6.00E+0ll
!.Th:228_L<[6.00E f 1 00 ___._ <! 5.00E+00 l _._J l l Nuclide -'lL YIhird Quartera il- Fourth Quarter 4
' H.-3 < l.. .-.-< 2.00E+02_ !.. i
- { 2 00E+02! ..
K-40 Al'15 E+02[ ~ [ ~ ~ <[ 7.00Ei6iI ~
;Cr-51 _< ' 4.00E+01 __g 3.00E+0lI I~
J_< 4.00E+00; g___< i 3.00E+00. ' y[hin-54 p-58 _ _ _5 . 4_:00Eig__ _ _ _ _
< 3,00E+00; j _
< 9.00E+00 < 6.00E+00. I fe-59 __< [ 4.00E+00; _,_
(Co-60 <l 3.00E+00' s
!Zn-65 (l.00E+014 <{ 7.00E+00 i
[
<4 fr/Nd.95 (Ru-103 p<4,5.00E+00_._[l4 00E+00 j__. < 5.00E+00, _ __
_.<(4.00E+00; j _ _ . ._ 4
]
Ru-106 _5 4.00E+01(..j__,1_<![ 3.00E+01l 4 00E+00. l _j [Cs-134
, <l 5.00E+00Q _
i . 1
<(5.00E+00;_4 I_<g! 4.00E+00.
[Cs-137 ! iBa/La-140 i <! 6.00E+00; ! hNI hL.7.00E+(ki [1 [,__., l_21 5.00E+00_gi_9.00.E 00' Ce-144 < 3.00E+01j <[ 3.0_0E+0lj_g , ya,226 < 9.00E+01 i < __{l.00E+02( [Th-228 j_< 7.00E+00 i t <j 8.00E+(X) e 13-56
~. .- . . ._ - , _ _ _ - . . ~.. _ . - - - . - - - -. . . . - . . - . .
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 GROUNDWATER ANALYSIS GW-4 (Control) (pCi/ liter) l lNucHde?l? a FirstQuater ul? "Second Quarter r1 (11-3 i < 2.00E+02: , [B_e-7 _ _ i <[! < 4.00E+01 2.00E+02' i < 2.00E+01 } _ _ K-40 l < 4.00E+0 l t ,_. i _ __ , l ' <[1.00E+02 [Cr-5l___
; _ ._5j. 4.00E+01lL_4_ _ <
j Mn-54 <l 5.00E+00 .__ ._ . .[h.3 2.00E+01( . [ j_ t t lCo-58 r 2_5.00E+00' <
<l._2.00E+00 2.00E+00 t
[Fe-59 < . 9.00E+00 I <- 5.00E+00 i yo-60 j_5y_5.00E+00; !_ < ' 3.00E+00_. i jZn.-65 <>5.00E+00_.p_ [Zr/Nd-95 ._5[, }_i_ <l 6.00E+001.00E+0lj__1] _,__
<} 3.00E+00 _J l
l (Ru-103 ! 5.00E+00l q[ 3.00E+00_ ! _ 3 [Ru-l% j[<I < 4.00E+0{_1 i___j 2.00E+01j__j l [Cs-134 ! <j 5.00E+00 _J < 3.00E+00 _j __,
- Cs-137 ___ 45.00Et 00j _ J___ g5 r 4:00E+00,_ j _._ _ ._ '
Ba/La-140 <i 5.00E+00 ~
<: 5.00E+00. ,
[Cc-141 7 9.00E+0d ~(5M+0U [Cc-144 _ <j 4.00E+01[, ,
,_ { 2.00E+01! j_
< .,_,.] .g<! 6.00E+0l! l
[Ra-226__I_<(l l.00E+02 lTh-228 ,_ 1.00E+01 1__ . 1.25.00E001 f l l Nuclide 7 l:
- %ird Quarter ,
4 Fourth Quarter ' 41 , t [ _ _j.__j._2 00E+02j +/- i 1.20E 02J t !
@-3___. _]< 3[_2.00E 02 Be-7 3
<L .00E+0I i <i,3.00E+0I l )
K-40 <l 5.00E+01 l <i 1.00E+02! l fCr-51 <! 3.00E+01 I' T <]3.00E+00h)E+0l! j lMn-54 _ <L 3.00E+00g <L _j_._< -l 4 00E+00 __ -]i r
;Co..58_ . i _ <I_3.00E+00: ._ _ . _ . . _
LCo-60 <h00E+0[0]
<; 6.00E+00
_i_<[_4.0_0E+00
!Zn-65 I
<l 8.00E+00 i
<i 3.00E_i OO' _ h 4.00E+00l
< j f.Zr/Nd-95
!Ruy03. _ m 5(.3.00E+00 y _4.00E t 00, _ j__ _
! [Ru 106 .j_gi 3.00E+0lI_J_____,,_ L < 3.00E+0 lj _._ _, __,_._ l <! 3.00E+00{ i 4.00E+00 !
- [Cs-134 j <l 4 00E+00l
! ! < l 1 (Cs-137 h <j._4.00E+00i__i
[Ba/La-140 p<j 4.00E+00; < 5_00E+00 _,L _ ____ _gL6.00E+00(_ __ _5 6.00Et00 e.. J__ ice-14l_ Ce-144 <l 3.00E+01 <, 2.00E+0l! l ~ ~ ~ I ira-226 ~ }~ [ 7.0U570I ~2 7.00E+0II ,
!. Thy 228 l <j_7.00E+0(L__{ {5} 6.00EN]__ 1 l
i i 13-57
.- -_. - -- . _ - . --- - - - . . - - . - - .- - . - . . = -
( t Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual , Radiological Environmental l Operating Report ! FERMI 2 SEDIMENT ANALYSIS S-1 (Indicator) (pCi/kg dry) l l l'Nuolide wl L ) 3-MAY % -l : o s 164-OCr + l- ISr-89 <l 9.00E+01 ! !< l.00E+02j i ISr-90 <j 6.00E+01 4.00E+0li [ l i <! 2.00E+02 (<l < 2.00E+02! i [Be-7 l K-40 103E+04! +/- !1 ._1.26E+04(+/-ji 30E+03_ l IMn-54
.Co-58 i_<<l; 2.00E+0lI<j.,.]___I_[2.00E+0lL j
<j 2.00Ef _0_l{_J_ ___ _
2.00E+0ll , 00E+03j g-59 _1, <L6.00E+0IQ <j 7.00E+01fj I 2 2.00E+0Ij .j <5 3.00E+0_1L_! I'Co Zn-65 60 < 6.00E+0l < 7.00E+0l j i
~3.00E+Ui[l-
~
!ZrTNd-~95-~2 ~AITOU5+01i I~~
< I IR$-103 3.00E+0'l' __
< 3.00E+0l! y Iu-106 R .< 2.00E+02 < 2.00E+02l i s-134 < 3.005+01i <f3'UUE+01l E t Cs-137 l <[ 2.00E+01 <l 2.00E+01! !
.Ce- 141 a-140{<[jhEAUI 1 <' 4.00E+01
~{ !
_ ((4TOUEi0ifl~
<l 5.00E+0ll i i
< l.00E+02U <! 1.00E+021 l fe-144 Ra-226 5.20E+02j +/- l2.91E+02
<! 4.00E+02J_i
[Th-228 l l 1.97E f L J2.50E+01__1 02 +/- 2_85E+02i +/-j3#0E+01 S-2 (Indicator) (pCi/kg dry) l-NuclideOl' % ~ V3-MAYA c l.. "10-OCT nl Sr-8_9__ _ <(2.00E+024 j__, ! <(l.00E+02( j Sr-90 <; 2.00E+02! i 8.70E+0li +/- l3.60E+0! gBe 7 j ~ATUU E+5l 2
<i 2.00E+U2[ I lK-40 l_[9.01 E+03[ +/- 9.00E+02 1.03E+04' +/- !1.00E+03 ,
IMn-54 <l 2.00E+01 l < 2.00E+01i > I2 . _.00E_+0.1_._._ _ ._<.r
.C. _o 5_8_._.._.. l.~I-__A. .f _EU_ U. 5.+_.0._1 Fe-59 <! 5.00E+01 > l< 5.00E+01 i C$60 In-65
} <! 2.00E+01
- !. 4.00E+01
[i
< 2.00E+01!
<I5.00EIUI
!Zr/Nd-95 3l< <I 2.00E+01 '
<! 3.00E+U'l IR.u-103 06
.~
<f 2.00E+6i 00 2
'.[ .< E+01_j__
l _. , _ ,, __ _ ys-137 l <[_2.00E+01 J <; 2.00E+01l [ l [Ba/La-140 <!_1.00E+02 _ <[ 5.00E+0.l y j. ( e. l.4_1_ _ J _< _5,.00E
.f 0lj_ _ j_. _ _._<[4.00E f 0lj._ j_ _
l [C_e-144 j J< l.00E+02l
^"I iSr-89 i <l 1.00E+02 I l < 4.00E+0l ! !
(Sr-90 { <! 4.00E+01 I }_<j[2.00E+0g
,.08-7 h< _2.00E+02 j L.< 3.00E+02l ; _
K ,40 Mn-54 _._,1.20Et04{+/d[l,20E
<g 2.00E+01 t
03_j_ _4_1.15E+04(+/
<' 100E+0l! l
.j l.l0E+03..
'do-58~ <i 2.00E+01 [ 3.00E+0li i 1459 <[5.00E+01 }. 7.00E+01 l
- Co-60 <j 2.00E+01! 2 3.00E+01 1 5 . .__ ._ 5{4.00E+01h_ __[._$ _8.005i0{1_ _ _
'Zr/Nd-95 <i 2.00E+01 <i 3.00E+0l! i Ru-103 <I 2.00E+0lg (4.00E+0lbj_
3 Ru-106 <! 1.00E+02! j <! . iCs-134 Cs-137
< ' 2.00E+01_
< 2.00E+01 h_2_.00E+021 3.00E+0lL[
Bda"IIO~ ~ ~2f 4.00E+01
~
~ j 3.00E+0ll< ll- 5.005+61[
~~~ ~
- ~
p Ue-l'41 ~< ~2: 6.005iO1I~I-~~- ice-144 lRa-226 4.00E+0l[] l.00E+02i <! 2.00E+02! ; 6.175i0(+[ !2]4[5iO~2] l 7.40E+02I'+5h.04E+0i [Th;228__n_.L 2,07Et 02 1 t@2.10gf01 J l 2.34E+021.+/ .J3_.00E+01_ . S 4 (Indicator) (pCi/kg dry)
- 4MAY~ >l2 19-OCT? F
~
l Nuclidex ' l 2 ^ ' S __ _ . . _.. _ _ _ _ Be-7 3.00E+02l _j < 2.00E+02L ! K-40 l 9.87E+03I +/ ,9.90E+02 9.66E+031 +/ ;9.70E+02 j 5 54 I
- ~
2.00E+0i < 30U570li' Cp-58 __.[ 5(2.00E t01 _ , _ _((3h0E+0l[ ] _, _ <j_6 DOE +01_ . . _ < 7.00E+0lj i LFe-59 ,
< 2.00E+0ll !
fo 60 <{ 3.00E+01i
;Zn-65 <j 7.00E+01( < 6.00E+0lj _ !
[Zr/Nd-95_ 5{ 3.00E+01I . 4 3.00E+0I! l lRu-103 1 0 _g!( 3 00E+0 lj _L _ , _ (Ru-106__{_5[ gCs .J 34 _,__ 5;__3 00E+01 4.00E+0I<4 < 2.00E+02i _[_ 3.00E+0ll 2.00E+02E[ Q. _j _ __J Gs-137 <! 3.00E+01 - _ <p .00E+01 L j Ba/La-1403 ., <1, 5.00E+0l f__,(_ _. 4 <l7.00E+01l_L
;Ce-141 ; __, Lj _ _
Se-144 _5j<L6.00E+0lp 2.0()E_+0_2]_. [i
$[._6 2.00E+0g 00E+0l i , [Ra-226 ___l 1.06E+03 +/- 14.80E+02 < 5.00E+02 J d
{Th-228 _j 3.I7E+02 +/ l4.50E+0_1_j 1.94E+023 -/12.80E+01 l 13-59
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report FERMI 2 SEDIMENT ANALYSIS S-5 (Control) (pCi/kg dry) lm elz ,- O S-MAY-e < 'l" ' e Dil-OCTs < cl
'Sr-89 <l 1.00E+02l <jl.00E+02; ,
Sr-90 < l.00E+02! <i 6.00E+01i Be-7 ~,< 3.00Et 02[ <I 4.00E+02l j K-40 I_ I.1.29E+04I +/
-. - .--. 1.3.0E+03--
1.03E+04I_+/- l1.00E+03--
~--- -
~ -
pCo-58 2 3.00E+01 I llTUUEIO[ (Fe-59 < 7.00E+01, { L <! 1.00E+02 j (Qo-60 < _3.00E+0lj j 3.00E+0Il j Zn.-65 ,.
< 8.00E+0lf -- -- --<-8.00E+0li l -
[Ru-103 < < I 5.00E+0Q Ru-106 2 3.00E+0l[ 3.00E+02' < 3.00E+02! I (Cs-134 <l 4.00E+01 l 7 hkIk[ _._k 4.00E+0l{),. i~<[ l 4.00E+0l[i-73.30E+01 1.IOE+02l + _ fBa/La-140 Ce-141
< 6.00E+01
__{. (< 7l .00E+02j._,.J. 6.00E+01, <4 00E+01 I [Ce-144
; < 2.00E+02l <! 2.00E+02 j ira-226 1.01 E+03!.+/- 4.90E+02 9.21E+02! +/- l4.57E+02
[Th:228_.__,=_,100E t02}_.t/h,00E 01,_ t _._ _ 4.36E+02l +/-]4A_0EjUI~j s 13-60
l Fenni 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental OPerating Report FISH ANALYSIS F 1 (Control) (pCi/kg wet) - l Nuclide . 1 { -- 5-MAY? Walleye = T 5-MAY Sacker ' l DS-MAY Crappie ~ 'I 1 < l.00E+02 [_ <! 1.00E+02i_ j < 2.00E+02i (Be-7 _ L ; , K-40 [ 3.12E+03 +/-j3.70E+02 j l 3.56E+03 +/- 3.60E+021.1 52E+03I 2 +/-j2.50E+02_j l phin:54 ,_g;_1.00E+01 _ _ j _ _l.00E+01i <: '} l <! 3.00E+01f__1_ _, j
,Co 58_ _ g[.l.00E+01 _,._ __ _ _g( 2. 00E+0ll. _J _ j <{.3.00E+01 __1 _,]
{Fe-59 _ _5j 3.00E+01 ._i__ _ <j_3.00E+01 l 5; 6.00E+01 p Co-60
- Zn-65
<{_1.00E+01
<i 3.00E+01 ! l <
< l .(X)E+01 3.00E+01 J.___ _,j__ <g 2.00E+0Il
! <: 5.00E+0lI khh <]1.00E+0li ]_5[2.001@U[ l <i 3.00E+01 ^
i Ru-103_ ,$(,1.00.E+01{_] _ _5g2 00E !01 [ g 3.00E t01 _ _ _ . Ru-106 _ <_l00E+02 _J <l 1.00E+02 _ L<l 2.00E+02 _ gCs-134 <1.00E+01 l _j, <! 2.00E+0li <i 3.00E+0Ii Cs-137 p l 3.72E+0IL +f 1.I7E+0l_4 <! 2.00E+0l{ ! < 3.00E+0I[y ; Ba/La 140 [_ 2.00E+01 ! <; 2.00E+0l[ 5L6.00E+0lj__.J_ [Ce-141,.][<
; 2.00E+0l[ _ __($(.,_ 2,.00E+01 _ _ _ g; 4.00E+01 _ _ ,
<s l g 8.00E+01 herI44 7.00E+01Q '
._. 4 5; 1.00E+02
<' 5.00E+02p I__,a j LRa-226 <, 2.00E+02!
[_e<(l 3.00E+02. 1 ITh-228 < 2.00E+011 i 2.00E+01 i <: 4.00E+0!
'Sr-89 E7.00E+0li _g[1.00E+0l[ ___1.. <{4.00E+01 __]
Sr-90 _ _ L 1.9.60E+00L+/-]2.10E+00 j_ t 1.90E+01.[+/;J.00E+00j_ _ L4. 50E+01_+/- 1.00E+01 i l Nuclide E l: e5-MAY Perch ? -l- OCT- Pike" :l" 11-OCE Walleye 2 'l l
!Be-7 ____j _ Si 1.00E+02(_ j
<L3.00E+02[ l
! 2.67E+03i +/- 2.70E+02 .p <(2.97E+03 +/- 3.00E+02 il.00E+02I _
K-40 3.90E+02 l ! pin-54 7[ 3.87E+03! 3.00E+0l f +/- i < f ~] <l 1.00E51"(({ Co-58 4_51 3.00E+0ll J [_<g{5.'00E+01{2.00E+0lj_[. I < 1.00E+01.1_j fe-59 _ i,,,. 7.00E+01[_ !
<[. 3.00E+0l[. l_._ ! < 3.00E+01 Co-60 __ , 3.00E t 0p _[__ <i 2410E+0IL _ _ ____j _ _<{ .l..CQE+01 , . , _ . _ _ l
;Zn-65_ _. , ,$piODE+.0) __j _
$j 4.00E+0_1i_
j._5L3.00E !01 ___ l
! <- 1.00E+01 4 _, _ _ l lZr/NJ;95_4,5; 3.00E+0 ,_ _l__, _gl_2.00E+0 l ! .
%.u-!_03 ,,_{ <l 4.00E+01; (_<l _2_.00E+0 lk .. L 5 3 00E+01]_ j _ _
2 , yuy l06___ g}_3.00E+02L _ _ j _5(1.00E 2021 _i _ 1 < l.00E+02 ; Cs- 134._, L <j _ l.00E+00 ] __._ .._!.. <, 1.00E+01L _[b_
.j _ l i $507__4L5 gj 3..(X)E+0i L _
j.__( 2.94 E+0i +/- il.29E+01 L 2.29Et01 +/-j l.l l E+0lj ya/La-140! l6.00E+01{ <j 4.00E+0l[ ! _.. t <i 2 00E+01, l ! <: 2.00E+01, I _j LC e.141 4 <{6.00F+0li_,..J _ }_<[ 3.00E+01_L_}_ _ j _ <1 00E+0 2 __ C._ . J
,Cc-144 g I_<l l
,2.00E+f)2LiI
- < LI.00.E+02g j
. SL_8 00E t 01_j,_j
;Ra-226 E 7.00E+02: . !<4.00E+02i !
< . 3.00E+02,
.._y. .-
t
._ . .. _ y._4 __ _._. .,.p . . . p.-_ . #_%_.____,._._._+ 4__._._._
;Sr-89
! <L3.()0E+01.
1 4 : <; 1.00E+0l p j . <l 1.00E+01- . _ . ~! _ _;
.i._! 5:00E+Cl[+/ .6.00E+00 , < 4.00E+00_L_
@y;90 !
! 7.60E+00L+/- [3.40E+00 !
13-61 l
Fermi 2 1995 Annual i RadiologicalEnvironmental ; Operating Report ; FERMI 2 FISH ANALYSIS F 1 (Control) (pCi/kg wet) ! 4 : l-Nachde Il OCT Cramme M. 21
- Be-7 <! 2.00E+02J j ;
i K-40 i 2.94E+03 +/- 2.90E+02 j 1 iMn-54 _l <' 2.00E+01 ! , Co-58 I~< 3.00E+01 ! l [h59 Co-60
~I~~< ii5E+01
< 3.00E+01
[] i ; IZn-65 ,_ IZr/Nd-95 ! <
< 6.00E+01 3.00E+01
_] i I l IRu-103 2["3.00E+01 j
- l. [ rut 105~~ <j_2.00E+02 __ I _,_ j
( Cs-134 <! 3.00E+01 ' l [Cs-137 [( 3.00E+01 I l
- iBa/La-140
<i .1, 'V)E+01 L ]
4 hed41 _f 7" )E 01, 1 _,_. l ; 2 c i e-144 241.00E+02}_ ___j ) )
'Ra-226 <l 4.00E+02 Th-228
]
, u, <j 4.00E+01 i
)
l Sr-89 l < 2.00E+01 l [Sr-90 [_ 4.20E+01 +/- 7.00E+00 l i i d 1 e i 1 1 13-62
~.
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual 8 RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 FISH ANALYSIS F 2 (Indicator) ! (pCi/kg wet) l Nuclide m j - 4-MAY, Walleye - :I: 4-MAYiSucker "4-MAY Pen:h : , 1: i'l 4
!Be-7 i < 2.00E+021 l __L<j 1.(X)E+02j IK-40 l 3.90E+03! +/33.90E+02 !
l _ __ i < 2.00E+02 (___ J i 2.60E+03; +/- 2.60E+02 !
~
f hinI5Tl < 2.00E501~ bgj! 4.2iE+03:1.00E 0.II +/- [ !4.20E+02_L5L2.00E t 0l[ yo-58,_. _Lg r 2.00Et01 ___ _ [_g; l@ E+0l[ j _ _ . { <L 2@Et01 _j (Fe-59 j <4_5_.00E+01 _ _Si; 3.00E+01 <;_4.00,E+01 _ __ j, ;Co-60 4 4 <i 2.00E+01 ! ;
<1 00E+01 1
<! 2.00E+0lk j l <l 4.00E+01 ! <j 3.00E+01 fZn-65 { J
<i 3.00E+0l[_Q j
. g/Nd.:95_,j <l 2.00E f01 [ j_gL1.00E+01 ,,_j <l 2.00E+01j__J _ i t _L ..__i 5L2_.00E+01 _ p_ _ j _ <j 2.00@ 01 _j_ _ i %yp103_j_SL2.00E E.1,06 i gj 2.00Et02 01 Eg 1.00E f 02 _j __[_ < L100L;02 j _ _ . ]
- D-!34 <
_j_2.00E+01 ! c 1.00E+01l ,_ ! <; 2.00E+01 l j e Cs-137 <l 2.0()E t01 <j 1.00E+0lL_j g ! c 2.00E+01 ! j j ga/La-140 . . _<[ 3.00E+01___J _. J__51_2.00E+0lj ,j i <j 3.00E+01 _ i vCe:14,1_ L g( .3fX)Ef01 L t __J 5; 3.00E+01 . _ j _ _ ]_ l.00E+02 _ C__g_j ._g _g[(, 2f)0E 01_.]_. (Cc-144 < 8.00E+01 < 8.00E+01 i { _ j LRa 226 < 1 <i 3.00E+02! l <i 3.00E+02 l_<[4.00E+0lj_, 4.00E+02L i L si 3.00E+01]_j 4 Tly228 l <j 2.00E+0!l ]_ j Sr-89 j. < 9.00E+00, j_<[1.00E+0lj j_5LI.00E+0ll ! . [Sr-90 _1 . 7?OE+00 +/- 2.1OE t 00 L<! 4.00E+00; .j_j_2.50E+01j_ /-j5.00E+00j 2 l Nuclide N l - 74-MAY' Drum V tl1 3-OCT Walleye - 'I+ r 3-OCT Crappie- -l
.Be-7 t i_ ___(_gl 1.00E f02L _[ _ _ _..L<; 3.00E+02l . j_,._ _ .
K-40 ._
.5(2.00E I 2.18E+03! 02l +._/. _._12.20E+02 l 2.65E+03! I+/- j2... 70E+02 i _ I 2.42E+03} _+/... i3.0_0E+02 y .
y . 8258 _5L2g ')l1 , . 1,00E+0lj n c 3.00E+0l _ l _ng[4.00E+0ly___.__j 7 7 00E+0l}! Fe-59 <! 4.6 L ali _ ! ! <j i
;Co-60_
; ,_. < ._2.00E+0_1_. j <[ 1.00E+01j _ L l <! 3.00E+0]{.._ 1 l
jZn-65 _ _ _ <p .00E+0! 4 _j __54_3.00E+0lj_[. _ _ ,
<j 6.00E+0lj _ _L _ _ .3 g/Nd-95 <! 2.00E+01,. ! <i 2.00E+01 [ < 3.00E+0lj i
;Ru-103 _ (<2.00E+0ll i< i
<! 3.00E+01_j 4 .j hM:.106 _ 2.00Ef02! j <j,_2fX)E+01.L l 1.00E+02l <; 3.00E+02Q._ _ _j LCs-134 lCs-137 l
_<p _2f)0.E t oll . j___J_ _ _. <r 2 00E+01. _ , _ ~ gj._ ._ __. 2.00E+01_]_.
.g.._
< ; 3.00E+01 3.00E+01
[ _l _j lBa/La-140 <!l_gL 2.00E+011___] 4.00E+0ll ' < 7.00E+0l i
~
i
<l 3.00E+0lL~ P
$141 F2iT65EAsiCi, _ _i<_3.00E+0il .,_2 4.00E_s.si _~___~_
t , 7 ._. 4 .
,Ce-144 9 t __
$L ,00E+02) 1 _ __
[Ra-220 L5)u
; . < 3.00E+02 _.00E_+0lLa
<l 3.00E+0l f
.j <j___L<L.3.00E+02; _ 8.00E
! < 2.00E+0li n_ _ 01
<i 4.00E+02.
' < 4.00E+01
.J iTh-228 ! i i
[g g p g gEAUf J I~~~~'~ Y 7 i[00EA0ii _ T
. _J' ~~~~'~
-- T I MEA 0U ~~ - ~ 5 LSr-90 ! <! 1.00E+0li i ! ' " 30E+00 +/- i2.80E+00 ,
. . 6.50E+01l +/- i t.20E+01 .
13-63
. . . _ . . . _ - - _ . _ . _. _ _ _ _ . - . . . . . _ . . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ = _ _ ._. . _ _ . . . _ _ _ _ .
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report FERMI 2 l FISH ANALYSIS F 2 (Indicator) ' (pCi/kg wet) l Nu$do o b ' ' 3-OCT Cup " nl . ge-7 <(2.00E+02! ! K-40 2.26E+03 +/- 2.30E+02_] . lMn-54 i < 2.00E+01 i [Co:58 , <[_.2.00E+01 i
!Fe-59 < 4.00E+01 po-60 < 2.00E+01
[Zn-65 < 4 00E+01 !
'Zr/Nd-95 <[ 2 00E+01 Ru-103 ' -
~
MulIO6~~1 i 2.00E+011.00EAE5 $ ' (Cs-134 < 2.00E+01 !
,Cs-137 < 2 00E+01 !
lBa/La-140 <! 3.00E+01 i
!Ce- 141 7 3.00E+01 *
'Ce-144 4 1.00EAdi ira-226 <' 3.00E+02 Th-228 1_<i _2.00E+01 y ;
1Sr-89 i < 2.00E+01 i i [S.r-90 [M 6.00E+0(___ __ _ _ , I J t I l l l 1 l 1
)
13-64
i P i Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report l FISH ANALYSIS F-3 (Control) (pCi/kg wet) lNulideOlz L3-MAY. Walleye - oD i3-MAY Carp e P ' fle 7 3-MAYsDrum o F. 'l Be-7 i <(9.00E+01l 1
.[ <i 1.00E+02( 1_ <: 4.00E+02' 1__j K-40 W_4.40E+03l +/ !440E+02 l l 2.51E+03{ +j@50E+02_ ! > 2.52E+03_ +/-J3.50Ef 02_j Mt54__. _$[_LOOEtolj,. L<l 1.00E 201) I ! <! 4.00E+01
_ _.j Co-58 . [ gL 4.00E 01[___. 4 9.00E+00 ____[_2_l.00E+01 1 i __j 21)0Et01 p5 2.00Et 0!1,_ __ E 5l 1.00E+02L _ y fe-59_._._5}) Co-60 ,_, < 1.00E+01 L,< 9.00E+00 '
< 4.00E+0li .j l :Zn-65 _5(2.00E+0! I <; 2.00E+0lj
<l 9.00E+01 l fZr/Nd-95__._,54. l.00E+0lf t_._._j_g41.00E+0ll __
_5l_. 5.00E+0lp,_ _
- Ru;103_._ _.5!_1.00E+0lL_j_ , ,54._100E01{_.f _ . . . 5 5.00Ef 0l g _
I
<I 9.00E+0lI <; 4.00E+02}
lCs-134Ru-106 <l 9.00E+00'_ 7_$pl.00E+02!
<j l .00E+01l 1, g<[5.00E+0l{ ;
j LCs-137 1 2.5_lE+0_l{ +/- !9.30E+00 <j 1.00E+0l b ~ l <! 4.00E+0_l} ___ __j j _.5j;00E+01 l <4 2.00E+01 Q 9.00E+0l_ j__ _ j S[Ba/Lg140 e.141 _ gi 2.00EiOI _. I ___(3j ,2.00E 01 t i <4_6 00E+01 _ 1 , 50-144 _.5 _73)0E+0 l T j <j 7.00E+01 _ _[.__ <j_2.00E+02. _ _ ,_ j [Ra-22_6__. (2_.00E+02! I l <l 2.00E+02: $[ 8.00E+02[_ j___J [Tyl 2_28 <L2.00E+0l gj._2 00E+01I _i <l 7.00E+01_j j 5[ 5.00E+00} lSr-89 _ g5L2.00E+03.,_ ! _ <; 4.00E+014 l l $r;90 L$l 2.00E+00L _L_._j <! 8.00E+00,._.__ _ L,L 4.70E+01[+/-jl.20E$)1_ j l l l l~ Nuclideal=' K3-MAY Sucker 41/ L ? 3-OCT Walleye W 4 'l > < 3-OCT Sucker , l j (Be-7_ _ _gl 100E+02iL[4 30Es 92 _ ] <; 1.00Et02_ _ ..___ _j_5L 2.00E+02_ , . 1 l K-40 { 4./8E+03f +/ .
. _ l 3.37E+03 +/- 3.40E+02 Ly.53E+04._+/- 3.50E+02, Mn-54 <j 1.00E+0lj
~
! <j 1.00E+0l} l _ i <; 2.00E+0li i l Co-58 <[1.UUIf+Uljj___. ; _ <!_1f)0E t 01Q _ ___((2 00E+0 l Ke-59 .,3j 3.00E+0lj_4 ,_$ <!
J. gl. 3.00E+0lL[. . y ,__, _ 4 <[ .2.00E+01[ _6.00E+01 Co-60_._. <' _ l .00E+0l{ _ .__ _l.00E+01 !
,Zn-65 <! 3.00E+0li ! ! 3.00E+0li ; < 6.00E+0li i I..Zr/Nd-95 ~[15)E+01l ~~
~ ~
< T, << IIA)E+Ulii_. __! .
, E UiUE+0Il - __.....__a I
lR_u-103 Si 1.00E+0_lj._,t_._j 1.00E+01_,.j_ 1 7 3_3.00E+0l j _ . , _ . j l [Ru-}06 <! 1.00E+02[_ ! j_<il.00E+02j j___L__g[ 2.00E+02[__ _ _ _ l ypy I34_. <_LOOE10_I 1._ J_ _ j_<j_ l.00E+01 __ ._
. $L2.00E+01 L...
Cs-137 < l.00E+0li ! Ls! lXX)E+01 _
- l. 5[_2,00Ef01[_ _ _ _ _ _
LB.a/La-140 < 2.00E+0l[ j <! _4.00E+01 ._ _ j___ ,, j
! <[ . l .00E+01 .
;Ce-14i 15 2,00E+01L_j_.__.LSL 21)0E+01(_ ._ __{_54_41DEfg _ .J L 5L. N E+0 L ;_ 4g{ 9.00E+0lj_1_ _ _ , .<L 21)0E+02
( Se-144 j.
;Ra:226j_5L2.00Ef 02L j . _ L <l _2.00E+02! . <; . 5.00E+024 ;
, [ThJ28._ i. 5[_.2f)0E+0l[_j__._ _ igi 2.00E+01( j . _ _ g_g! _5f)0E+0lj _ _ _ _ _ [Sf-89 __b_5L 1.00E_+0lji ! 5L3.00E+01Q_,_ , _ < 21X)E+01 j _. ____j
;Sr-90 I ! <i 71J0E+00 i '
<} 4.00E+00 i - <- 1.00E+0l! I
. i 4
I i 13-65 i
1 Fermi 2 1995 Annual l RadiologicalEnvironmental j Operating Report FISH ANALYSIS F 3 (Control) j (pCi/kg wet) ! Nuclide n Ie ' 3-OCT:Cnuem 1 Ll ' 3-OCT Cat 6sh -l? < s 3-OCT Perch ( ^l i Be-7 < 2.00E+02 I <l 1.00E+02l < 2.00E+021 f f30
~
j 3.58E+03 +/ . 3.60E+02 7 2.32E+03] +/- 2.30E+02 i 2.97E+03 +/- 3.10E+02_. Mn-54 < 3.00E+01 <l 1.00F+0ll l < 2.00E+01 l :
< ._.3,00E+0 lf.].
hg58 _.. T<}1.00E+01{._ _ _._i,_ <L2 00E+01 . jFe-59 _ _ <{_6.00E+01 __ _ _ . <( 3.00E+01 ! <! 5.00E+01 ] j iCo-60 <! 3.00E+01 ,
!1.00E+01 } J (: 2.00E+01, l<_q[100E+01 (Zn-65
< ' 6.00E+0l[_ l ._ l i < 4.00E+0ll
< 3.00E+01 ! 1 <t 1.00E+01' ! <' 2.00E+0ll i
!Zr/Nd-95
< i i <.1._.0.0.E. <
_ _ g _ _~_,_ p _l.00E+02y, _+.0_1 ._._ _. -. ..! _3._0. _0. 5. _d....l.[#._ _~7 - j .R.. u.. _10. 3.._-._.. . 3. 0_.0._E..+. 0.1.j ... i _i -
-. . r j Rg.106_,___< 3.00E+02 _..
<; 2.00E+02 .
< 3.00E+01 ys-134 f < l .00E+0l r < 2.00E+01
]
jCs 137 < 3.00E+0lgJ <. 1.00E+017.} ( <L 2.00E+01 . _j 4.00E+0lk j_ Aa/La-140 _ !<2.00E+01 i
<j 3.00E+01_ l j j <j_3.00E+01 _qL f)0.E+0Q 5 l
[Ce-141 _. _ . < _31)0E+01(_ _L_ ._. _,_. g __ 4 44 < If)0E+02g [_q[1.00EO2 i . g 2.00E+02{ jCe-3 _ __ i
;Ra-226 iTh-228 I_<[l 4.00E+0lL_14.00E+02;_
< 1 d 3.00E+0ll !
I j_____4 <! 3.00E+02
<t 6.00E+02
!._<! 5.00E+01 _
! isr-89 L < 5 00E+01 I j_g! 5.00E+00{ l <; 2.00E+01 , , _ , _ , .
!srq0 _ _ L. ..1. 4 70E+0i +!dl.70E;011 <L2.00E.t001 n_ ilA10E+01,+/- J6.00E+00 j -
s l l l l 1 I l 13-66
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Glossary of Terms 1 l l 1 I l l l l l 1
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
- 14. Glossary of Tenns activatio i products Radioactive material that is created when stable substances are bombarded by neutron radiation.
ALARA Acronym for "As Low As Reasonably Achievable," a basic concept of radiation protection that specifies radioactive discharges from nuclear plants and radiation exposure to personnel be kept as far below regulatory limits as possible. I 1 1 , alpha particle A positively charged particle ejected from the nuclei of some ! radioactive elements. It is identical to a helium nucleus, and has a l mass number 4 and a charge of +2. It has low penetrating power I and short range. Alpha particles are easily stopped by a thin layer of paper or fabric, or the dead outer layer of skin cells. i 1 atom The smallest portion of an element that shares the general characteristics of that element and cannot be divided or broken up by chemical means. An atom has a nucleus, composed of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons, around which orbit negatively charged electrons. I background radiation Tne radiation in man's environment, including cosmic rays from l space and radiation that exists everywhere--in the air,in the earth, l and in man-made materials that surround us, In the United States, j most people receive 100 to 250 millirem of background radiation per year. Common sources of man-made background radiation include consumer products such as color televisions, radium dials on watches or clocks, smoke detectors, coast-to-coast jet flights, construction materials, and certain foods. beta particle A charged particle emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay, with a mass equal to 1/1837 that of a proton. A negatively charged beta particle is identical to an electron. A positively charged beta particle is called a positron. Beta particles are easily stopped by a thin sheet of metal, plastic or wood. composite sample A sample made of grab or continuous samples combined to represent a particular location or a set period of time (e.g., four weekly water samples combined to make one monthly composite sample). 14-1
I I l l l
- Fermi 2 - l995 Annual Radiological Environmental i
. Operating Report ! continuous sample A continuous sample is one that collects samples non-stop and is , used to evaluate conditions over a specific period of time. The e typical continuous samples collected at Fermi 2 include TLDs and i ! air samples. l ! i control location A sample collection location generally more than 10 miles away
- from Fermi 2. Analyses of samples collected at control locations
- provide information on normally-occurring background radiation and radioactivity. !
l
- coolant A fluid, usually water, used to cool the nuclear reactor core by j
- transferring the heat energy emitted during the fission process into ;
i the fluid medium. l I cosmic radiation Penetrating ionizing radiation, both particulate and electro- ) magnetic, that originates in space. critical receptor The segment of the population that could receive the greatest radiation dose. curie (Ci) The basic unit used to describe the intensity of radioactivity in a sample or material. One curie is equal to 37 billion disintegrations per second, which is approximately the rate of decay of one gram of radium. A curie is also a quantity of any radionuclide that decays at a rate of 37 billion disintegrations per second. dose A quantity (total or accumulated) of ionizing radiation received. dose rate The radiation dose delivered per unit of time. Measured, for example, in rem per hour. i effluent In general, a waste materts, such as smoke, liquid, industrial refuse, or sewage :.scharged into the environment. Effluents discharged from the Fermi 2 Nuclear Power Plant include liquid and gaseous media containing extremely small concentrations of radionuclides. The concentrations released are well below the limits established by the NRC. electron An elementary particle with a negative charge and a mass 1/1837 that of the proton. Electrons orbit around the positively charged nucleus. In an electrically neutral atom, the negative charges of the electrons are balanced by the positive charges of the protons. 14-2
Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report exposure The absorption of radiation or ingestion of a radionuclide. Acute exposure is generally accepted to be a large exposure received over a short period of time. Chronic exposure is low level exposure received during a lifetime or over a long period of time. external radiation Exposure to ionizing radiation when the radiation source is located outside of the body. fission The splitting or breaking apart of a heavy atom into two or more fragments. When a heavy atom such as uranium is split, large amounts of energy in the form of heat, radiation, and one or more neutrons are released. 1 fission gases Those fission products that exist in the gaseous state. Primarily the ; noble gases (krypton, xenon, etc.). I fission products The fragments formed by the fission of heavy elements, plus the I nuclides formed by the fragments' radioactive decay. ! gamma ray High energy, short wavelength electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. Gamma radiation frequently accompanies alpha and beta emissions and always accompanies fission. Gamma rays are very penetrating but may be shielded by dense materials, such as lead or concrete. Gamma rays are similar to X-rays, but are usually more energetic. grab samples A grab sample represents a single sample collected in a finite period of time. half-life The time in which half the atoms of a panicular radioactive substance disintegrate to another nuclear form. Measured half-lives vary from millionths of a second to billions of years. indicator location A sample collection location generally within 10 miles of Fermi 2. Analyses from samples collected at indicator locations provide information on the radiological impact, if any, Fermi 2 has on the surrounding environment. internal radiation Nuclear radiation resulting from radioactive substances in the body. Some examples are iodine-131 deposited in the thyroid gland and strontium-90 and plutonium-239 deposited in bone tissue. 14-3 l l
i l Fermi 2 - 1995 Annual l Radiological Environmental Operating Report j 1 ionizing radiation Any radiation capable of displacing electrons from atoms or ) molecules, thereby producing ions. For example, alpha and beta I particles, gamma and X-rays, neutrons, and ultraviolet light. isotope One of two or more atoms with the same number of protons, but ! different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Thus, carbon-12, j carbon-13, and carbon-14 are isotopes of the element carbon; the numbers denoting their approximate atomic weights. Isotopes have the same chemical properties, but often different physical properties (for example, carbon-12 and carbon-13 are stable, while carbon-14 is radioactive). lower limit of The smallest amount of sample activity that will give a net count, detection (LLD) for which there is a confidence at a predetermined level, that the activity is present. The LLD is actually a measure of the ability of an individual analysis to detect extremely minute amounts of ; radioactivity in a sample. ! l mean Arithmetic average. In a series of 3 or more numbers, the mean is , calculated by the equation: ) X = (xl + x2 + ...xn)/n Where n is the number of observations in a data set, and x1, x2,
...xn are the various observations.
microcurie One-millionth of a curie. millirem One-thousandth of a rem. l l neutron An uncharged elementary particle with a mass slightly greater than ! that of a proton, and found in the nucleus of every atom heavier than hydrogen-l. ( noble gas A gaseous chemical element that does not readily enter into l chemical combination with other elements. An inert gas such as krypton, xenon, neon or argon. l nuclide A general term referring to all known isotopes, bo:h stable (279) and unstable (about 5000), of the chemical elements. + picoeurie One-trillionth of a curie. A j 14 4
Fermi 2 - 1995 Anrnual l Radiological Environmental l Operating Report quality control (QC) The field check or verification of work while it is being performed ! to assure that the task is properly done. 1 l radiation The conveyance of energy through space, for example, the ) radiation of heat from a stove. Ionizing radiation is the emission of l particles or gamma rays from the nucleus of an unstable (radioactive) atom as a result of radioactive decay. I radioactive decay The decrease in the amount of radioactivity with the passage of time due to the spontaneous emission of particulate or gamma radiation from the atomic nuclei. radioactivity The t.pontaneous emission of radiation from the nucleus of an unstavle isotope. Radioactivity is a process and radiation is the product. radiciodine A radioactive isotope of iodine. The radioisotopes of iodine are aruong the most abundant of the fission products. All told, 27 isotopes of iodine are known to exist, but only the naturally- ; occurring iodine-127 is stable. Of the remaining 26 radioisotopes, 12 are produced during fission and these have half-lives ranging fr m 1.5 seconds to 16 million years. radioisotope The term " radioisotope" is used to specifically describe the relationship between an element and a radioactive isotope of that l element. For instance, in describing Cs-137, one could state that i Cs-137 is a radioisotope of cesium (stable). l l rem Acronym for " roentgen equivalent man" The unit of dose of any ionizing radiation that produces the same biological effect as a unit of absorbed dose of X-rays. l Technical Specifica- A part of the operating license for any nuclear facility issued by the l tions (Tech Specs) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the Tech Specs delineate the requirements the facility must meet in order to maintain its operating license. l terrestrial radiation The portion of natural radiation (background) that is emitted by naturally occurring radioactive materials in the earth. t 14-5
Fermi 2 1995 Anni.at RadiologicalEnvironmental Operating Report tritium A radioactive isotope of hydroger, (one. proton, two neutrons). Because it is chemically identical to natural hydrogen, tritium can easily be taken into the body by any ingestion path. Tritium decays - by beta emission. Its radioactive half-life is about 12-1/2 years. l I l r i h I f o i i f i l l 14-6}}