ML24016A176

Integrated Safety, Security, and Safeguards Ffr Research Project

ML24016A176
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Issue date:	01/16/2024
From:	Raj Iyengar, Matrachisia J, James Rubenstone, Al Tardiff NRC/RES/DE
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John Matrachisia 301-415-4042
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Integrated Safety, Security, and Safeguards Future-Focused Research Project John Matrachisia, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research Jim Rubenstone, Office of Nuclear Material Safety & Safeguards Al Tardiff, Office of Nuclear Security & Incident Response Raj Iyengar, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research 1 The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This material is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

2 This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third partys use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Acknowledgements NRR Beth Reed Michelle Hart Steve Lynch Duke Kennedy NSIR Al Tardiff Stacy Prasad Lou Cubellis NMSS Jim Rubenstone Glenn Tuttle Bernie White RES Mauricio Gutierrez Jason Tokey Brian Cohn Francheska Colon-Gonzalez

Future-Focused Research Program

• Supports the NRC vision of becoming a modern, risk-informed regulator by funding research activities:

• Intended to help the NRC prepare for upcoming challenges

• Having longer-term (>3 years) horizons and greater risk opportunities than considered in typical activities addressing program office needs Key Attributes for Remote Operation of NPPs High Entropy Alloys Licensing Modernization Project - Operating Reactors Nuclear Nano Technology -

Advanced Fuel Applications Digital Twins -

Regulatory Viability

Motivation/Drivers

• Nuclear industry stakeholders have expressed an interest in 3S-by-design approaches Potential advantages of integrated 3S-by-design Mitigating complexity risk Sharing key inventory and operational data across subsystems Reducing economic and regulatory costs Security Safety Safeguards

Strategy

• Identify analysis and modeling &

simulation methods for integration and assessment of 3S interdependencies

• Build NRC knowledge base

• Identification of regulatory considerations and tool identification-limitations-abilities

• Internal Coordination

• External coordination with the Department of Energy and international entities

Case Studies: Purpose

• Develop case studies to consider the integration of 3S (safety, security, and domestic safeguards [MC&A]). These case studies will be used in an NRC-RES report being developed for release in 2024 to provide a technical discussion on the current practices and gaps associated with 3S applications for advanced reactors.

• Case study scenarios being considered:

• Molten salt reactor in a rural area

• Microreactor in transit to site and operating in an urban area (two parts)

• Fuel fabrication facility

• Scenarios to be developed using Scribe3D modeling and simulation visualization software.

• Goal is to publish releasable data.

6

Molten Salt Reactor in a Rural Setting

• Facility/Terrain Four reactors using liquid fuel Small response team onsite

• Examples of 3S Considerations Upgrades to physical protection system, including perimeter fencing, vehicle/pedestrian checkpoint, and others Refueling; moving fuel, poisons build-up, storage vat, movement through secure areas, hot cannister movement release issue, unirradiated material theft concern ROWS, offsite response 7

Scribe3D mod/sim renderings

Microreactor in Transit (Part 1 of 2-part scenario) 8 Scribe3D mod/sim renderings

• Facility/Terrain

• Microreactor being moved to an urban area

• Arrival at port, transport on public roadways, sited close to small city

• Examples of 3S Considerations

• Multiple attack vectors (sea, land, air)

• Transport container

• Old reactor/new reactor onsite simultaneously

• Urban growth around site

Microreactor in an Urban Setting (Part 2 of 2-part scenario)

• Facility/Terrain Microreactor (LANL Snowflake) operating in an urban area Run autonomously; no main control room, no onsite staff PPS includes vehicle entry/exit, 2 fences, and an unfenced, grassy area surrounding the facility

• Example of 3S Considerations Cybersecurity Underground core location (containment/confinement)

Offsite security Urban evacuation plans in case of release 9

Scribe3D mod/sim renderings

Expected Outcomes

• Key interfaces identified

• Synergies/conflicts identified

• Regulatory challenges identified

• M&S tool capabilities and limitations

• Be ready for future reviews

• Broad applicability beyond fixed-site reactors (e.g., microreactors, FNPP)

• Areas requiring further research identified

Thank you John Matrachisia, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, John.Matrachisia@nrc.gov Jim Rubenstone, Office of Nuclear Material Safety & Safeguards, James.Rubenstone@nrc.gov Al Tardiff, Office of Nuclear Security & Incident Response, Al.Tardiff@nrc.gov Raj Iyengar, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Raj.Iyengar@nrc.gov