ML23258A147

From kanterella
Jump to navigation Jump to search
October 11, 2023 Public Meeting Presentation--Fusion Systems Proposed Rule
ML23258A147
Person / Time
Issue date: 10/11/2023
From:
Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards
To:
References
RIN 3150-AL00, NRC-2023-0071, NRC-006
Download: ML23258A147 (39)
v • d • e


Text

Rulemaking: Regulatory Framework for Fusion Systems NRC Public Meeting October 11, 2023

Time Topic Speaker 1:00 pm Welcome & Meeting Logistics Dennis Andrukat Opening Remarks Adelaide Giantelli NRC Presentation - Overview of Proposed Duncan White Regulatory Language 1:50 pm BREAK All 1:55 pm Questions & Answer Session / All Public Feedback 2:55 pm Closing Remarks & Adjourn Dennis Andrukat Topic times are estimated and, depending on the participation level, the meeting could adjourn earlier than scheduled. If there are concerns with a potential early meeting adjournment, please inform the point of contact for this meeting.

2

Adelaide Giantelli, Branch Chief State Agreement and Liaison Programs Branch Division of Materials Safety, Security, State, and Tribal Programs Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards US NRC 3

Time Topic Speaker 1:00 pm Welcome & Meeting Logistics Dennis Andrukat Opening Remarks Adelaide Giantelli NRC Presentation - Overview of Proposed Duncan White Regulatory Language 1:50 pm BREAK All 1:55 pm Questions & Answer Session / All Public Feedback 2:55 pm Closing Remarks & Adjourn Dennis Andrukat TODAYS PRESENTATION (ML23258A147)

HANDOUT: Preliminary Proposed Rule Language (ML23258A145) 4

OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED REGULATORY LANGUAGE Duncan White Division of Materials Safety, Security, State, and Tribal Programs Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards US NRC 5

Commission for Fusion Energy Systems Direction On April 13, 2023, the Commission issued SRM-SECY-23-0001 Options for Licensing and Regulating Fusion Energy Systems (ML23103A449) directing the staff to implement a byproduct material approach to fusion energy system regulation Byproduct NUREG-1556 Material Guidance Framework 10 CFR Part 30 - Rules of General Applicability To NUREG-1556, Consolidated Domestic Licensing of Byproduct Material Guidance About Materials Licenses 6

NRC Rulemaking Process 7

SCOPE OF FUSION RULEMAKING ACTIVITIES Rulemaking:

  • Based on 11e.(3) definition in AEA of byproduct material oRadioactive material for research, commercial or medical purposes oAccelerator-produced
  • Limited-scope rulemaking in 10 CFR Part 30 to cover only near-term, known fusion energy system designs:

oDefinitions oContent-of-application requirements specific to fusion - Use standard Part 30 processes where applicable oOther fusion-specific requirements, as needed, to address specialized topics oCompatibility determinations part of rulemaking process 8

PRELIMINARY PROPOSED RULE LANGUAGE 9

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Definitions in Parts 20 and 30 Approach for New and Amended Definitions

  • Focus on byproduct material and associated radiation
  • Emphasis on containing, processing, or controlling radiation and radioactive materials.
  • Limited to specific components - not facility-wide
  • No impact on current licensees
  • Enhance regulatory clarity and predictability 10

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Definitions in Parts 20 and 30

§20.1003 and § 30.4 Definitions Fusion system means a system that, through use of byproduct material or to produce byproduct material, induces nuclear fusion and includes any associated radiation, radioactive material, and supporting structures, systems, and components that are used to contain, process, or control radiation and radioactive materials.

Particle accelerator means any machine capable of accelerating electrons, protons, deuterons, or other charged particles in a vacuum and of discharging the resultant particulate or other radiation into a medium at energies usually in excess of 1 megaelectron volt. For purposes of this definition, accelerator is an equivalent term.

11

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Content of Application in Part 30 Approach for Content of Application No new regulatory language in Part 30 added, but still applies to fusion systems

  • Fees
  • Environmental
  • Security
  • Transportation
  • Export controls
  • Additional changes to the draft rule language may be identified during the rulemaking process 12

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Content of Application in Part 30 Approach for Content of Application

  • Supplement existing Part 30 regulations to address fusion system specific application (§30.32(k))
  • General description of fusion system
  • Operating and emergency procedures
  • Organization structure related to radiation safety
  • Training
  • Inspection and Maintenance
  • Material Inventory 13

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Content of Application in Part 30 Approach for Content of Application - continued

  • Alternative Approach
  • Radiation safety description of fusion system
  • Regulations are intended to apply to fusion systems during research and development or commercial deployment
  • Issuance of license (§30.33(a)(6))

14

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Additional Changes to Part 30 Add production of byproduct material to § 30.51 and § 30.52

  • Many fusion systems will produce neutrons that will activate materials or produce tritium in lithium breeding beds 15

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Additional Changes to Part 20 Approach for disposal of fusion systems byproduct material

  • New construction materials potentially resulting in activation products consisting of different radionuclides and in different quantities than previously considered
  • Waste streams not considered in the development of the Part 61 tables may require disposal
  • Allow waste from fusion systems to be disposed at existing LLW disposal sites
  • Use risk-informed approach based on site-specific intrusion assessment at LLW disposal facility to allow disposal of novel waste streams
  • Does not require changes to Part 61
  • Does not require changes to other sections and appendices in Part 20
  • Consistent with LLW rulemaking currently underway 16

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Additional Changes to Part 20 New § 20.2008(c)

Waste resulting from fusion systems must be disposed of in a disposal facility that has completed a site-specific intrusion assessment that demonstrates the projected dose to an individual who inadvertently intrudes into the waste at the facility will be less than 5 millisievert (mSv) per year.

Notes:

  • Staff is considering how to exclude fusion system waste streams that are within the Part 61 envelope
  • Staff is considering how to focus site-specific intrusion assessment on the novel radionuclides of concern 17

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Additional Changes to Part 51 Environmental Report Requirement

  • All Part 30 licensing actions are subject to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) implemented by Part 51
  • Specific Part 30 licensing actions are categorically excluded in § 51.22
  • Radioactive material used for research and development is one of these categorical exclusions
  • If not categorically excluded, an environmental assessment is necessary with the associated requirement of an environmental report
  • This requires a change to § 51.60 to add the regulatory requirement for an environmental report that shall contain the information specified in § 51.45 18

Preliminary Proposed Rule Language Additional Changes to Part 51

§ 51.60 Environmental report--materials licenses.

(b) As required by paragraph (a) of this section, each applicant shall prepare an environmental report for the following types of actions:

(1) Issuance or renewal of a license or other form of permission for:

(viii) Construction and operation of a fusion system for other than research and development purposes.

19

Time Topic Speaker 1:00 pm Welcome & Meeting Logistics Dennis Andrukat Opening Remarks Adelaide Giantelli NRC Presentation - Overview of Proposed Duncan White Regulatory Language 1:50 pm BREAK All 1:55 pm Questions & Answer Session / All Public Feedback 2:55 pm Closing Remarks & Adjourn Dennis Andrukat 20

Time Topic Speaker 1:00 pm Welcome & Meeting Logistics Dennis Andrukat Opening Remarks Adelaide Giantelli NRC Presentation - Overview of Proposed Duncan White Regulatory Language 1:50 pm BREAK All 1:55 pm Questions & Answer Session / All Public Feedback 2:55 pm Closing Remarks & Adjourn Dennis Andrukat 21

Question & Answer Session Please Note: the NRC is not accepting official comments during this meeting and will not provide any official responses to any feedback provided during this meeting.

22 22

Upcoming Events/Milestones Upcoming Public Meetings:

  • November 1, 2023 - Preliminary Draft Guidance and Some Specific Topics (NUREG-1556, Volume 22)
  • November 9, 2023 - More Specific Topics Proposed Rule Schedule:
  • Commission receives proposed rule and draft guidance by Fall 2024 23

Contacts Thank You!

  • NRC Public Website:

https://www.nrc.gov/materials/f usion-energy-systems.html

BACKUP SLIDES 25

Fission vs. Fusion Fission Fusion 26

Radioactive Material Considerations The neutronicity of the fuel is the fraction of the fusion reaction energy that is contained in the neutrons. It has important implications for fusion reactor designs. Less neutrons mean less radiation damage and activation

  • products. Fuels with a small neutronicity are referred to as aneutronic fusion. The
  • downside of less neutrons is that you need to develop a direct power conversion system instead of just running a thermal cycle from a neutron heated blanket. *reaction results in radioactive material Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion 27

Path to Fusion To initiate a fusion reaction, you must confine the energy long enough in a fuel that is dense enough at a temperature that is high enough.

The relationship that quantifies this is called the Lawson criterion.

Sources:

Horvath, A., Rachlew, E. Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities. Ambio 45, 38-49 (2016).

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y Figure 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawson_criterion 28

Fusion Approaches Magnetic Confinement Fusion (steady state)

  • Creates magnetic bottles to confine the plasma using the Lorentz force.
  • Low density and long energy confinement times.
  • External heating, fueling, and current drive to sustain the plasma.

Magneto-Inertial Confinement (pulsed)

  • Forms a magnetically confined plasma and then heats it using magnetic or conducting shell compression.
  • Medium density and medium energy confinement times Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) (pulsed)
  • Uses directed energy in the form of lasers, particle beams or projectiles to heat and compress a plasma to high densities and temperatures.
  • Very high density and short energy confinement times.

29

Magnetic Confinement Concepts Tokamak Stellarator Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) Spheromak 30

Magneto-Inertial Confinement Magnetic Compression Liquid Wall Compression 31

Inertial Confinement Laser Driver Projectile Driver 32

© 2020 CTFusion, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 33

Background

  • On January 3, 2023, staff submitted SECY-23-0001, Options for Licensing and Regulating Fusion Energy Systems, with rulemaking plan enclosed (ML22273A178) o Three options o Proposed rulemaking would be limited in scope to include definitions, content-of-application requirements, and other targeted augmentations 34

Transportation, Radioactive storage and disposal materials for of medical, nuclear material industrial and and waste, and academic use Nuclear Radioactive decommissioning of Materials Waste nuclear facilities Nuclear Nuclear Reactors Security Commercial power reactors, research Physical security, source and test reactors and security and cyber new reactor designs security 35

Information on Agreement State Program:

https://www.nrc.gov/agreement-states.html 36

Specific Considerations from the SRM

  • Scope limited to currently known fusion energy system designs
  • The staff should consider existing fusion energy systems already licensed or under review by Agreement States
  • The staff should evaluate whether controls-by-design approaches, export controls, or other controls are necessary for near-term fusion energy systems
  • If a design presents hazards sufficiently beyond near-term technologies, staff should notify the Commission and make recommendations for appropriate action 37

SCOPE OF FUSION RULEMAKING ACTIVITIES Licensing Guidance:

  • New NUREG-1556 licensing volume o Well established structure
  • Focus on topics that distinguish fusion from other uses of radioactive materials
  • Address range of fusion technologies - technology inclusive
  • Use standard content from guidance documents to the extent possible o NRC, State, and DOE o No other licensing guidance development anticipated Other Related Activities (Non-Rulemaking):
  • Technology-specific implementation advice
  • Inspection guidance
  • Training for NRC and Agreement State staff 38

Engagement Timeframe NRC Outreach

  • Start of official Leverage Existing rulemaking Diverse Stakeholder Communication
  • Middle of draft Engagement Avenues development (before concurrence)
  • Agreement States
  • State-Tribal
  • After publication of
  • Tribal Nations Communication proposed rule
  • Federal Agencies letters (during public comment
  • Fusion Industry
  • Government-to- period)
  • Professional Government Additional meetings as needed Associations meetings
  • Utilities
  • Public Meetings Leverage Existing
  • Universities
  • User Group(s)
  • International Regulatory Experience community Build Capabilities
  • Non-Government and Knowledge
  • Agreement States Organizations
  • Workshops
  • ARPA-E
  • Seminars
  • Staff
  • International 39 rotations/details
Retrieved from "https://kanterella.com/w/index.php?title=ML23258A147&oldid=3620521"