ML22332A440
| ML22332A440 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 05/19/2022 |
| From: | Tanya Smith Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response |
| To: | |
| References | |
| Download: ML22332A440 (1) | |
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Risk-Informed Protective Action Strategies 54th National Conference on Radiation Control May 19, 2022 Todd Smith, PhD Senior Level Advisor for Emergency Preparedness and Incident Response Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response
Objective of Radiological Emergency Preparedness The objective of emergency preparedness (EP) is to provide dose savings for a spectrum of accidents that could produce doses in excess of the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) protective action guides (PAG)
NRC EP regulations provide reasonable assurance that adequate protective measures can and will be taken in a radiological emergency Reasonable assurance finding is made before a nuclear facility is licensed Inspected over the lifetime of that facility
Whats driving change?
Technology is Advancing Advanced light water reactors, non-light water reactors, and small modular reactors (SMR) with passive safety features, microreactors, accident tolerant fuels, and other new technologies (ONT)
Technology important to Emergency Preparedness (e.g., IPAWS, artificial intelligence)
Knowledge is Increasing Better understanding of actual effects of radiation Research to inform protective action decision-making Lessons learned from real world events Policy is Risk-Informed and Evidence-Based NRC has a vision to become a modern risk-informed regulator Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act (NEIMA)
Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 (Evidence Act)
EP regulations and guidance are risk-informed A graded approach to regulation is a risk-informed process in which the safety requirements and criteria are set commensurate to the risk of the facility EP regulations employ a graded approach to provide the same level of protection Power reactors (low-power testing, power operations, decommissioning)
Research and test reactors Fuel Fabrication Facilities Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installations Monitored Retrievable Storage
What insights are available to inform protective actions strategies?
Protective Action Recommendation (PAR) recommended protective measure from the nuclear power plant to offsite response organizations (OROs)
Protective Action Decision (PAD) measures taken in response to an actual or anticipated radiological release Evacuate Shelter Protective Action Guide (PAG) projected dose to an individual member of the public that warrants protective action
Our understanding of accidents has evolved NUREG/BR-0359, Revision 3, Modeling Potential Reactor Accident ConsequencesState-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analyses: Using decades of research and experience to model accident progression, mitigation, emergency response, and health effects, October 2020
and will continue to evolve NRC research provides valuable insights Protective Action Decisionmaking in the Intermediate Phase (NUREG/CR-7248)
Evacuation Time Estimate Study (NUREG/CR-7269)
Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) Size Methodology Sensitivity of Dose Projections to Weather Analysis of the Effectiveness of Sheltering-in-Place Use of Heating and Ventilation Systems while Sheltering-in-Place Dose Reduction Effectiveness of Masks Nonradiological Health Impacts of Evacuations and Relocations (NUREG/CR-7285)
MACCS Consequence Model Improvements Impact on Protective Action Strategies
Gathering and sharing best practices NUREG/CR-7248, Capabilities and Practices of Offsite Response Organizations for Protective Actions in the Intermediate Phase of a Radiological Emergency Response Shared understanding of offsite response organization capabilities and practices for protecting the public after the emergency phase
- Monitoring Best Practices identified for ORO Study Topics
- Relocation & reentry Communicating with the public
- Food condemnation
- Drinking water Developing partnerships and sharing
- Actions beyond the EPZ resources for monitoring Making situation-dependent decisions based on science Leveraging technology Assisting vulnerable populations, livestock, and pets
Providing insights into effective evacuation NUREG/CR-7269, Enhancing Guidance for Evacuation Time Estimate Studies State-of-the-art traffic simulation models used to better understand evacuation dynamics and to develop insights for protecting the public and first responders
Understanding the impact of shadow evacuations Example Results for Large Population Site Model for various shadow participation rates (by percent)
Informing effective means of traffic control Example Results for Large Population Site Model Manual Traffic Control (MTC) vs. Automated Traffic Control (ATC)
Large Population Site Model
Assessing the balance of the risk NUREG/CR-7285, Nonradiological Health Consequences of Evacuation and Relocation Meta-analysis of the impact of prolonged displacement across all types of emergency events Meta-analysis of Odds Ratio for All Health Effects
Analyzing the protection of shelters Current dose reduction factors estimate shelter effectiveness
= + 1 Shelter effectiveness can also be examined through dynamic models and lessons from other hazards to provide additional insight U.S. EPA. EPA-400/R-17/001, PAG Manual: Protective Action Guides and Planning Smith, Todd R. Transforming Protective Action Strategies for Radiological Emergencies Guidance for Radiological Incidents, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, January 2017. Exacting the Science of Sheltering-in-Place. Oregon State University, 2021.
Quantifying the benefits of masks Providing evidence to support protective actions For More Information Todd Smith, NSIR/DPR Senior Level Advisor todd.smith@nrc.gov Mike McCoppin, Policy and Oversight Branch Chief michael.mccoppin@nrc.gov