ML21256A107
| ML21256A107 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 09/07/2021 |
| From: | NRC/OCIO |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML21256A105 | List: |
| References | |
| NRC-2021-000211 | |
| Download: ML21256A107 (42) | |
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TABLE CF cmmns DiTROOUCTlCS oe>ooe oooc oo oo *<>coo o * ~ * *
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- e, *
- o oo *...
- 0,11 *
- o, * "* o * * * * * * * * *
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I. RADIOLCGlCAL SAFETI CRGAJ:runoo "*****o**.. *******o***************** l A.
Cl>jecti.~es.................... oo*c-oee******co*****.. ************,11,000 l B.
Pereor.nel :.e~ents oe*e*o*oo*o***.,*****************.,**,****o** l C.
T.r&i.ni.ng Program eofleooeeoeeoooc*****o**o******* **oei******'"*** **
- 2
!!
- RADl(JL(r,lCAL SAFETY ZT/JmARDS FOO PE!tS(l:1-i'EL J>aO!'ECTlO!l.............. ** 2 A,.
Basic Cu1J1es !or Sta.'1darde...................... o***.. ***.. "0*0*11*.. o*** 2 B. ~tern.al Rad,ation OOIOOOC>... oc,0000*0110**************.. *****.. **o*o c 2 Co Interr.a.l Conlar:rl..'l&tion *coooo.. ***************************a****** 3 D. Errf'iroment&l. Conta:.ination "*****.. ********o*.. ****o**"******e*** 3 E. Personnel Proteetion............ ~*.. **~*****.. o*~*....... c..... o.. ~******* 3 F.
Bet& Contact. ~tu:iy *c.*****c*o*o***,*,,.. *********.. ***********e***** 3 G.
Ra:liological He 1th..... **************o***.. ****.. ****.. ***********o J H. Orl~nt of P..Adioact1vc ¥.t.t,criu.......... *********************** 3 I. R&:tioactivc ~Aste Diepostl **~*****"***********"**************** 4 111.RAD-~ SlJPPCET CF THE ffiOJECT PR<XliuJ'.S ************************.. o*
A. 1.al.40 Shi,x::cnt5... ******o****o*******.. *************** **********
B. FaUout P%-o:Suction o............. ********************************~*
C.
~c~t Are& ContMlination anj Dccontn::rl.nation *oaooooeoo~~*~******
D. Spechl Air Samplin& !or Dry Decontam:in&tion Methods... u****..
E. Beta Cont&ct Stu:1y **********~*****e*******e.. *e*****************
F. ~pocial Plojcet~ *************.. a.. o*********.. *~*********.. ********
G. Envi:rolli CJ.tu l'.onitoring ***o*oa**.. ********.. ~.......................
H.
P..adioactivc Wa5tc D1s~c~al *******.. ***.. ****************.. *~**** **
I. f.&liatjcn Do~~ge Co~trol **.. ************************************
J. J\\>rconnel Do!i?tctry ********************************************
l~. ':adiologicAl J'eal.th 0000 ""****oo**o***.,oo~**eo*** **o**********
L.
c;J.:.in Dccont~tion....... ****o****o*o**e*****e *,****.. *****.. ODO IY. RADICLO'.'ilCA..L.. AFETY G.:.OlP FJ.ClLI7lES AlJ> EQUlfMEIJT ouu*u**** ***..
- A.
1n~tr1.Cent tion o**~ococoeo**o~oooo OD~~o~*o***eeo*****~oeo**~~o
- e.
Rad iac ~
- IP O Cl C Jt O O
- C e O *
- 0 e O O c,, 0 tie e Cl I" 0 t
- C' It O Cc e e. 0 0 0 e, e *
- e fl O ~ Cl* 0 e O Air SA.:nplir.g Equipcnent **eoooo*** **o*o**********mo*o*o*c.. **
Cou.~tins Equi;cent ******** ~........,........ e.eoooo*ooo***oo***
In~trU':lent llb:ation *00000000.. 000*~*****0000000000*******
Field Monitoring.Equiµx.e~t ooo***oeo****.. ***o****.... c********
e Ho~e and PercoMel Dccont~:-J.1 ti.on Center o * *...., *** *.. *
- C.
Do~imetry oaae~***oeoo,~*~***********~*~*~*~~*****e*~eoe* oee***
- 1. FilJ::l D:>:.i meter :i o., o. *,..., o o *... *. o o o
- o ** o.. o ~. o., * **.,.. o,. **., o * ** *
- 2.
Poe ket. Cha..-::.btr Dot::imctr,r a * * * *" *... o * * *
- o **.,.
- o... *. o o * *,, ***.,
D.
Prot ctivc Clott.1 ff l.\\rrl Eq\\J.p::ent **eoooooo *****.. ***o****.........
E. Loffi~tic rupport.~.... *o***c*******o~o******"o***ro**ao*e**e*****
4 l+
6 6
12 13 l3 11+
l4 1:5 1:5 18 18 19 19 19 a)
- >.1 2l 21 21 2l 21 22
~2 23 V.
SLU*:!~Y AND kLCQ~ID:nA Tl ONS., * * *
- o *., * * *.....,. p. *.,. "* * * * * *. *.
- 0... *. * *., 2.3 A.
Rad-S&!e Ore&nitation and Training ****~**o*****.. ******e******** 23 B.
-Safe Cupj>Ort for Technical.?rogr~.............................. 24 C.
Loe:Sstic Support *"**.. ****...,.,...,.... *11****,*o**o.. ****.. **o*o***** **"* 24 D.,
lnetrmen tion........ 0110*0oo*rooo* *oc*** *********.,~*n**o*e*** 24 E. :loeketry ***.,...,...., **** o.,**o*""***,oo***** **.,.,................, ** 25
- r. Re~piratory Protection *o*..., ********e**** e****o****oooe****"** 25 G.
Skin Coniardnation *., ****"" oo**"""""****o*.. ***........... ********** 25 Ho Prc-operat1oMl Envi.ro11C1cntal Su.plea ****"*****o**************
- 25
I l
REFDID:CES ****************************~******************************** 26 l'.AP <F CAMP STQ'!.V.A': I, 'D 7::: ':l i..!;7 A,~;A~ *** * ** **, * ** *.,.. * * * * *** ** * * ** * *. Z7 A;~errlix A.
rladiological &ifcty Jrou? C~gani~ation Ch&rt A;?Crrhx C.
'.i"e!;t /;rca nrc i.r.vuor.r.!c-rUll Do::ii':let.ry, Are& :!onitoring F i!::is
/i,);,"n"'ix E. ;-,r a} -to.. ":1 of.iort..'.lde t..at.1ac lrist.1*u::-cnt. t::;c Ly J:v u. t.orinc;
.cquirenit s A. ;K"'ldix r. Integrated ~a.T.a an:i fi(. ta,'?,o:lc ooiy..:ctiot.io:1 ~.:r..;oc.w-e~
.. ec\\;1 VL-d Ly.-c.*:...oi.J1ol ':nl,i1,~* i art ln 0,;Lrnt.ion Stor.c-.an lI Ap;.eniix o.
CAlcull'tion of B... in Dof:e.fro'll a l..all.O Coritll: !lr,11.tl'd SJ in
/u*cn l
D,'ffiClJUCTIQ*
RADICJLO::!CAL SAFETY REPOOT Operation Stonezu.n II Du:-ing August and ~eptc::-.ber or 1958 the secon:i iJ'l a series of field dccor1ta.':d.nation tests, Ocvelo~"nt of Recla'llation Procedures !or Land Tu.gets, was co:iducted at camp Stoneman, Californ:iao The tests were ~ponso:-ad by the UoSo krm,y and corduct.c:.d urrler the technical cont.rol of the U.S., Naval Ra:iio-log.i cal Defeno:.: Laboratory *with the u.s. Ar.Jr:, Chemi:al Corps a."ld u.s.. Naval Civil &.gineering Corps providi."1g m;mpower am certain types or equipment. The general objecti*vcs of 1 iese dccontmnination tests were t.o perform basic develop-cent work i.'1 lan1 target rcclomation, enploy'.JJg techniques tba'!. require only st.andard.military equipment, and to r.t.udy the bJ?t.r. dose tro::i fallout contami.."'l-ation on skin.and cl.oth:L"lg of Arrey persoP~'iel :who crawled throush fallout areas.
A ~thetic l!lat~rial siari1.ating fallout Irom a nuclear ~eapon and containir..g 1.a~O as R tracer wn*J prepa:ed nn:1 e;,rcad over t...~e various test surfaces,.
P-,-;rmit!llon !'or the use of 1al40 in the dccontaclnat.!.0:1 studit9 of thn cont-amL-oi:..on of r,\\::t3JlS was granted by a. ~;;;eciul license.from the Atom.:.c E."lcrgy Com:ds-sion~ '1'his report cumm.arfaes Hie ra.:iiological safety (rld-~e) support ;ro-vidnd for the various p.~ares of the opcrationo A.
Ob~ectivcs
':be objecti\\-es of the Radiological
- lfoty r.rou;> were to provide evalua-tion anc consultation to the Project Offi,cr on the rad-safe a3pc,:ts of the o; E'ration, perform radiological nonitorin[; se*v:ice;s during the field test, a:rl to opcnte the change house nrd personn---1 decontamination :facility.. The :-ad-safe se:viccs were to i.nclu:io dose rnte.. "ld cor,ta::: r..aiion :r.:>nitorir.gr pe:--
ror~P>l *o~izetcy, arrl..-:mitorine of tt.e C1lV'J.rom:ent e..rrou."ldir.g the test a:-~.1
~o a* St.!"e tr.at radi.a tj on and contar
... i.n':ltion levels were within prescribed legal l' i tsa The Ra:1-Saft1 :;;.oup, hea::lecl by a f;}ill:, hes.1th p.iysicist, condsted of ei.r.,ht Arey Q:1;:;:ical Corps perso:-.. "lel frcr:, 1.h" 50th Che.:ical.?lat.oon, fort Ord,
....al *.ro:-nin, plus the pa.-t,ir.;e s~rvic~s of a i: J)L 1:avy enlisted ::anD Assien-
.,:,te were r:adc from the Gzou;, to: fic:l 1 -:onitorir,G, cr.viror.. '"!ental r.oniiorifiB, c.our,t!r." laboratory, follei.t preparo*.1.on nrd p:"OJucticn t:1orJ.~ori1')t~ chanae
!"iou!ac o,.,c:-ll.t ion antl personn* l l!lonit.orir,e, and the do!'fr,ctry p1<0sramD L"l
!!!1iiion. 1 he p~t-t.i!:e services of *he pro~"Ci dPctronic tcchnic:iar. were
'U"rd for rJair.t.er,'ilicc nrrl reµir o!' radinc
- d cow.tins equ.'\\it=lcnt. As;.pcndiJ. A p:-"r c-: ts tho.Radiolot;icnl We+ y Grr ip or,c d:rntion cha.-t.
l
- l.
C.
Trainina Progr Prior to the t f
o on 0
r
- -s u
to re(i.rlred.
ob
- c8 of to fam1J1 e lbe io ed in st.
com............,...
on rd-ro iar
- c. lnternal Conta1rdnat1on U.O The riaximtmi permiasible concentration (M.?C) for acro:sol ~
Uquid La conta:dnaticm "'1.thin the cont.rolled areas -was set. at 4 x 10-pc/cc and 3.4 µc/ml res?(lctivel:y.,2 ** 1:0 foo,j was t.o be allowe.i in tbe test areas a.~
llq,.rl.ds were to be dispensed fro:n closed containers i.~tn individual paper cu;,s. Drinkirie of liquids and smoking required prio:- monlt.ori.ns or personr,el.
D,.
E.-wi."'Oment.al Contamination The ~..imiX] pcrmfosible La140 neronol activity in uncontrolled areas w:is aet at l x 10-"/ pc/cc of crl.r., 2 1:0 contru::linat.e.i liquids we.re allowed to lcnve tr.c test r.rca until the :ipecilic a:t.ivhy *wns detcr::d.ned.
All p('n:>nr.el ert£>ri."lg U,e test. area w"re r~quired to wear protective c!othirg compa*ible with the task t.hey were to perfo.rn. Film a.."1d pocket dosi.coters *. cro required for entry 1...-rt,o the cont.rolled area!:!. Where aerosol to~ccntratior.s cxce~-ded the cs~abliehe1 M.PC, respiratory protection was~,-
datory.
F. Eeta Cor,tnc:t Stu:3y A;,,il!'oval vas received by the Labora~ ory fro::. the **svy 31..reau of
!':1icir~ n.~ ~ur£P.r:Y, the Secretary of '!.he ;:avy, the Suri;con GerJ rol of the AI.....;y. the Secrrt~y or thr. Al"Jl!, am the Ato:::i~ &.error Co."1.'ission, Division of Eiology o.nd Y.ooici::e, to uce vnlur.teers in a controllcc ex;peril:lental study o! "~o skin end clo' hizle '\\:..ctn rud.iation do::aie rccci ve-0 'by mili t.acy per::o:r..nel c:- wltne tt.rou,eh n fall:>ut..rea.
a.1fation do~aee l!..'nit s, ere r-ot to exceed tr.c values st~tcd in J,ar~~r3th5 D and C aboveo r..
r.oofolo,;icnl He.1th All p,raonncl part~ci;Jii1~ L, *te operation wrrc required to receive ll, ::-c-of cation physical o:~t.:ion, ir clu:i!.:-.g tcr:rd ::;sion of a ~ hour urine s;..,..cio n for rad!oantlysis. Perrorn~l vho were to vol**tcer fc::- ~he beta c?:1t:lct et utv,..ere rcq,..i... cd ! o have nn o:~'"la!.ion o! the s}:in.oade by a
- edical off!i:cr be!o::-e an::! n!ter trJdn.i:; po.rt in t.he study. A post-operational u:111e s"'ceiI:en for r'ldion.n;1lyde was also r1.:qu!..:-e::i.
~ip::ent:i of radlo:1ctive ma* e:-ial &cror:pn.'lied l:y a cour:1c:- nnd trcme-po:-ted 1:.y cc)\\'rr:l!!lt!nt \\ Mele were r~.J.ired to be flU.f!iciontly :;hicldcd so tl.at the e;........,1 rildio.tion hvel, tr.roush the cont.nil er, would be-l r/hx or less at tl.c corrt.niner Eurface6 Re=t0,~ablc cor,'t!lmir.ation ty wipe test was to
'Le no oorc t~n 5,000 d/m/12 1n2*
R~1:1onctivc catcrial shipped t,y comoon carrier was required to corJ'on:i wit.h ICC recuJ..atior.e: r.o ca:i:na radiation lt;,-el to e.x:c1..c:i 2:>:> mr/hr at the container ~!.Jee and 10 r.:r/hr at. one meter
!Nm tho cor.t,1.nnr, !With no signi!icar1t (.) ~O d./IIJ/lZ;m2 r. *r) :;ur.faco coniamin-alion on any ~~t of the t:hi:Jt"ir..; conta..lner.
- iioacti Di :i~sal of all liquid and ~lid vaste ras to be ccording to pro
!!ioms of re!er,.n:e.....,olirl
... le Yas t-o be t: ld in a confined locat.ion and bu:rid 0:1-site so U; t ul._,itat,e di p,?~al uld 'b by dceay. Liquid wante rm oft was to be confined by dil s to prevent off dtc coi.e:::ent.
No water
- s to be r~lca..,ed to the off-it.e en,-i.rons wl ooe ctivity ras great.er than 0.11 µc/r:u.
ll!. AADlOL();l
- AFET!., 'Pr:.T
- 'I1iE _OJECT PnCC!UJI.S The -oject pro radio~cti u:-! ces, d oil ction
- his o;:,e:ration in,"Olvcd t.hc p::-od4c*ion of dr)*
, di p rsal of thi ~ f llout or. variou 0 types o!
- ion o! tr. e ~-r~ccs by *nr.ous tcchniqueD*
~t ific d
- n fro:ri
- hcsc-op ration" *
- -oj :t i-r,g.~ by ~nitori."lB and ard~ t-:i p rson."1 l existed. Once n a
- ed for each project or
- t "" 1 placed where the tor ta was collected, docu-n ce " s gi,en to the scd on.. his dn a. The close coop-a!e "roup ~e it os~jble to mini-i.nadv t overex sm-eti.
c s ass. t. d with ion of 1,alAO fa h
ec* od,. r r
- o in ollcc n to e ::...Os 11:.-."":0s
~ 1.ti.f!.c
- oJ ce-:i... c cal epa-e 500 curi s u,x,n ar:ri, al d ed at. Los i.-rt.o l:y uriet.
ix e
e o ation.
s r
Stone c r olo :ical e
,.iing con d
fo:r ~r Los A vas f
- From Travis e
lfox radi tion
leTel at. the ot.-t ide o:t t.l:e col"'t.81.ner packaeinc \\.'as )JO er/hr !or the initial a~ent, Additio:-.al lead s a.'.!d
~ in uul::sequ~r.t t.ri;,r., r<'ducing the ztWmU!?I dou rate to 4C C"/hr. '!he rad anfc cour.1cr \\or.la ~uppllo::S \\11th moni.tori:ng and pen,nncl decontn:ninat.ion eqi.J.~ent. tor the fllt,M,s. Film badges "*ere distributed to perso :s o:, the pla."'le ty t.hc couri r.
The aver e dose
- -ate du-irl" the !J..:.e t,.ras 70 r:::/r.r at t.~e packaJ-e..r! c
- Uo icnifica.nt p,rsonnel radiation etpos~e re rcco..-dcl ty film do :u::et. rs.
ill s.~µr: ntc r.-er z:nr itorr :i.. pon nrriva.:, Fig. l.
With outer
- ,ac}
- agu r~ved, cont.att do~e :-a* e~ ranee!.\\ fro-50 r::.r/hr to 280 r.:/hr, an:S rit.h additional lead shielding re;r,vcl, fro.:i 4'0 er/hr to 600 w/hr nt. con-tact.
R vable coctaclnation \\I;> to ", c c/r:./12 1n2 l-las detected on the shippir>,-6 c"r.taincr on one oecasion; 1s vas d con-:..a::dnated be!o:-c returnir.g U) Lo!l,
- s.
C -p *o,_ "*
,. ta. r l.s C..,
'1 I.
- hal A*
\\r:
J.
b&
J '1...
B, Fallout Pr<>ductic.:i
$y,~thetic railout ns1.--d tor the -1econta.mination programs was propnr&::l in a hot c-ell by t.he adsorption of 1..al.4J c13 aol~tion on specially pro1.essed Cfi."tp Stone::.an Aril::ro!!e Clay l,o,1m soil which wa::i used in all. the prcjoct prOS:-ll.m!l*
The hot. cell !aciBtics contlst.cd of n U-sl1a;3ej.36" t.hiclc i-hielding wall co'lstructed of." hii;h dcnsi.ty concrete blocka, a 21.11 thick 'Water-filled vicwir.g winder", a pair of master 51.ave mnnij)ulllt.ors, lead storage containers, a t.ele'dsion ctunera !or re:note vlewine, and chemistry apparatus iu-rang<<d tor re::ote cont."'01 proe:e:;sing of Lal.1+0.
The weekly tran::..f er o! ~00 curie~ t-rar.
shi;,;>ing contniner!I to t..he storage container was acco::;,lhiht.-d behind the shieldil'.g wall, usually in about 8 necondo timeo Using cxt.ra local shielding for this transfer, 1 adiat:ion rebdi:1gs tlirough the stdel.ding windOW' were about 300 mt/hr. A measurement taken vithout the local shicldinJ;, wi~,h the 6 ca;>-
sul-e cluster hold 18" !rO!D the "1.n1o-.t; irrlicated lJ r/lll' t.hrongh the ~o'r!.
Duri."lg daily c:anipul.ation and proeeesing of sin£le 10-12 curie capsule, the average radiation through the ldndov vais 2.S0 r.r/hr, am ao u/hr at the operator *s po.sition. 1;0 signi!icant aero:iol concent.rations -were produced during tho dissolving rurl diluting procedure., Aerosol dCth*itie~ ranged fro~ 10-ll ~/cc to 10-8 µe/cc vith a 1M.Xi.~ln o! 8.4 x 10~8 ~e/cc. Ventilation of t.he hot cell area con5i:,ted of nat..1ra.l venting by leaving t-he earase tno doors open.*
uo The La solution vat pu:!l;>cd fro!:l the hot cell t.o a botUe on a trnnait lrlx t.""Udt, a.nd ~lowly epr~.fOO into tho r\\!vO'.\\'lJ'IS r.w:er dru."!I eontain-1r..g 1~00 to 40:>0 lbs. of ~oil. Doee rnt-ea in locatior.s where pereonnel ~ere rc:pired to epend short P-eriodt ot t.11te for z::anipulation of contrC'l.~ 'rfere on tt.c order of 2 8 r/hr. Do~e ratea !rc:n the unthic'I joo eohr.,ion bottle ov~rnstd
~5 r/hr at J feet.
TI-,e transit mix trl.cl: vas roved to an isolat.ed location 1'!!'h*re the mixing cont* mied tor tvo or more hourac A rionitor wa~ preaent durifl t.l.e rntire f'Y?llhetic el.lout pro1\\: tion proces.e t..o t.a.l:e radiation readings,
~a.11~e the a:!.., an:i advise per:ionnel of cx1st:1r,e radiation area~. Dovnwind air
,mples taken at 100 feet !rOJl t..'>le mirl.n.;; truck indicntcd seneral levels of 10-10 µc/cc, with a max.im\\Ol on one occa~ion of 1.1 x 10-~ µc/cc.
Since tl.e radiation le,*eL, enco'.Ultered iJ'I the soil mixing process :,,;ere t.he hig.'1ei,t of lll'.Y p?tace of the o :.eration, a-r.phasis was pl11ced on dosnee control tor all pereonnel invoh-ed i.n t.tds pt-.ue by lim1tin8 sta.,v ti.":Jee c.nd otl1endee mnin-t.ainin& adequate divtnnce !ro:n the vchicleo A check o! ~nch veekly ehip,:ent of rllilioactive r:.aterial ~-as made by decay plot and spectro!l1eter analyeis to aeeure it to be 1.al.l.,O with no other eign:ifica.nt amount ot conta!l.inAnta p:roeent., 'Ibe prceitnce of an ineiigni1'1eant amount of !1:;i* ion pro:iuct impurity wae noted on e"ectrometer ch,u is after about. 14 halt lives.
A team o.f t.vo zr.onitor:, att~nded tbc -:,r}: at each te~t area, asee:id.1:g t.c rru.iolog1cal eituat.1.on nrd c.dvio1n,g project le en of neceeaary rad-eafe t:"65Ul'M, Tha transfer of fallout l:'.!il.erial !ro=:. t c tr nsit ::.ix truck to the 6
t.he disperss.l truek vas per!on:;Pd 1n an i:;olated location prior to t.hc ot.art of area contai:J.nation. Monitoring indicated dose rate~ nt the di~peral ho.,iper ran iJ'18 froir. 2 to ll r/hr vi lh dose rat.e:, in t.he drhcr,., cab of tho dH'JCr~al,reM.cle ranging !ro:n 6') to,.oo ltJ'/t.r.
J.1r t\\8::lplir..s,:,i:1 done do~ o!' ill test areas duri.. di:tperruu o! the fall.out, Wiiid apted Md direction were det..cr::d.ned by port.able Bendix w1:1e:io-eters (fig. 2). Thin in!or:::ntion was t.tod lo dctcl'r:rl.ne upwind loca-tionB. Rc:ipiratory p:.--otection.*,15 available and w.;10 advised w't.onevor it nppoared t'-*.at ir.t.ernal conwmination could rccult from cha.-.scs in,-inj direct.ion or t.o:i clo&o J,roxilni ty to the dit?crsal v hj C'le.
FI~. 2
""ir.c Portable /it.nc,.. e u -; o Deterr:. --:e,,'ind
,. t1 r-d nn:i D.:.rc~tl n Prior to Locat.ir't> Air l?rl.t-lcrs at
- st. hI a.
7
St.aple.x air c;a::..plers ~e:-e operated on current. sup;,lled by port.able llO V gencratore.
Dist&nc~s u! the s~pler~ !ro~ tle ~e8t areas varied
!ro::1 50 t.o 2CO !'cet, am r,cnerally -.. re 50 to 70 !oet way J.irborne con-centrationti dur:5.ns diepersal rr-"e.d fro: 10*9 Jlr;/cc ::g 10 b Jtc/cc of air at t.he locationn sa:iplod, kith a~ U.'t\\..":l of 2.6 x 10-
µc/cc. Since c:Un-pcr.11al crews wrked ll;)'1 rd o! the a,.t:'-vit.y aid.ince total t-iz:ie for d.i rpersnl on test area eeldo=i tcx,k r::Dre u.
15 minutes, no persous ere e.xoo to airborne com:entrotione nbove M.PC d\\U'
" this pnrt. of the operat!on, Monitoring teacs :n-asured the raist-he ht Sll:lCll do~e r tcs on con-taminr.ted test areas i=ledi.ately a~ter d!r?ersal.
r l 'i. 3 Jl'lni torir.g 1'1a.iis* Height Ga::::--..a Do e fu:Li s On o T..,t. Area After Dl erc&l of [.mthet.ic a ioact.i *e fallout Project per mel, re odvi..,cd of t.l,P r.3.d at.ion leids c.e ured.
Dose ra
- i
,ar~"Cl, d(':-"ridir.a upon te a:;0\\;.l'it, of :allou+.. dis.l'crse:1 p"r oqUAre :foot, the sit of Uc t st,
.. n-unifor.it.y of
- he toil as ls;.ersoo..
Fi nJ. dooc 8
rate contou-s were nbo infl\\;*r.ced by t.he wi..'ld,eloc1t1es at the til:le of fallout dis;:ert&l" The t u cc e~: ra.l :::-.ar;n!t es cf va.i t hci&ht Ct.'IICB do:ie rate le,*el15 :r.cuu:re.1 1-erc. 20-50
/hr, 50-l:O ~1~.r-, ard l.00-250 or/hr.
After tt VIU'~OUD dccor.ta:--jiution eroe:cjur ~ wer p.-:ro:-ce:!,
'"l"Sure tnt.s taken fo i:u.lru-location:i (fig. i..J Wieat~ th t in U':!Osl a:1 coses the r... i11.t.i0*1 lc11cls h&d be n edutd ty or t.ewter. 'fy;ic.11 i "SidWU. gn.....-Jl Yaist ~eight level.~ r cord.. *er 1 20 ':I /t-.r.,
In
- est area!',..here rce.1-iw:u do.. e rat.c!I ove1* 110 r=/t.: were measured, U1'" arc!\\ \\\\as barricaded rn.!/o:-
po tfd to a.rn of the cxp,sure t.aza.rd ~ntH dee y or !urther a conta.-ninntion t.'lll reduced t..t,e ac\\..lvity t.o r.ore accept.able lcv ls for con..rolled u~e.
Ho:-*-
e\\" r, this type o! co:rt.rol sel.do
- a, neceusYy.. ':'he radiation hazru-1 !'rcn ti'c tt:st areas, t.r :-erore, vas c:r:;;;aratively -.ir or o:.
- I! a co:-rclation Rere t.o be r.ade, rel.at.in" ~-=:.a do~e rte levels to the r.aenitude ~fair-borre co,t :11.nation, it. 10ul.c! be that t~her -..rind ::;wed:, we:-e reco.rded on y, " "n relatively hl,&ier eirb rr.e ac* 1nty l ve !:- w re seen, ard ti-at the vir.d a 'tion ~c rd to be a
- h &reat r 1.!!".. nee t..!ln the.co... '1't of ~oil
.o ir.g on the ~est nrea~
~
onitorir.g of Re idual Co tion at a Test A*ea Aft r
- .ir.at1on ?roe e
U.r eam;,line wae pcrfom ed by t he t10nit.oring l e~
in t est areae duri.ns de:or.tamination proc&jurea to 4r,ocaa t.l.e airborn.. cone ntrat.ion level e (Fig. 5).
FIJ. 5 Ai:',.
ltr~ Loc&ted J.t. Test Ana t.c> r -ple Airborne Cor.. ct 1.rat ion t,*vel s r :ring a rccort ir~*!on Procclure. C~ l~rs J...re
~ered by a C m~ tor on t..,e Eq-.i1rcent '!r&il~r~
- -.*en tho\\llh this ~er1ea or t..e~t.s 1ncld dry deconta'n1J.:it1on technique:.,
nic ul.rl be expected to yjel.d ere
- er I".3gniti"Z s of ret1uspgmed activity, irborr.e acU ritiea nt.ove t..he 8 hoi.J' ~PC for l*
of I. x lO
µe/cc were etected durir.c d,..cor.tn!r.inaUon o er tions only on tW\\.i oeendons, Md these a... t.ed !or only a ""..!ltier of minut s. Tho r.:rod.r.:'.rn detected wa:; 4.4 x l0-5 µt/ci,;,
- ~ :r.i ~-=:i 9. 7 x 10 O J:J!/cc, and the n ez for t.t e o;,eratfon
- 5 x 10--7,,e/ec.
~'here ~ct ~cc ut imtion ett~~s w re~ d, w ter and soil cm~les
-..ere t:u en in locntior.s wr.t"re l.1qu.W rw, off w,1s teld or 60aked into t!.e coil of raiJ"lai;e ditch brulkfh Coil nnd 1 ler can::ilcs were tnhn as cnch p~.a=:c o!
, :, + n.-nir.3tion aa eru t.ed. figure 6.J er..
~ni t.orine of liquid rWl off r n in.'G e 1 tclJ
- 1... b
' 1 Jtcri.r-c
.. n...
R t s fro ~0u1d RU!'l off at. '1 r.rcuraee Ditti-At* er a Vt-c
- m.iJ atl.on 1.o CW'
~
l
- ,.r ro:n 10 J.:/rrJ.. to lC c./r:J., l-1. th a r.:~ o!
nles were t c~ in ~e~ &re!5 of drainaBe ditches, to
- t.
l co": :.inat.fon rc~ulting frcrn D..
~ :r t/i;ra:-
o l - 2 µc/grnm o! t.oil,
~ r: x l - 2 e
le, ranced fror:i 10 4 µe/gror;.
- toU, 6
10-l µ rru:i, the m1n1r.rum t.l iJ / gr Sc 11
- n;,l s u- *on c t*lv teri la and~ rl~-
- C.l\\l c-..afet.y clot l"iS -trec-s out. was require:! of letor~
.at.1on
!t. a t'.l"o TI~\\s cl
~ covc:rallD, u.n:H.rwear.
A 1tlon~l l* ":n~, uuch a, respiratort1*
., rub'l-,er boot,
~ face $lueli:iv were available Md e!S
~ ~ci 1 Y.>rt cor.11*1 s
'o es of cr-oes bojy con-
,*e.re!i fro"', rk in U.e t-tc
.... Jr.at.J:,n test areas, l
hr oea w re ly f c/m, clol e o!
ed.
I :inl u;:, t.o lee t of lliat.
er t h to b tu1i s ir.c
'l),
r thee on of
, -with ion r, crated
~iiy acti
'"/cc or air arc wore 1j
E. Beta Cont.act Stu1,y
':hie project \\ill! concerned with dcterair~tion of the beta dose received by the body from cloi.hin& conta:..i."llition on military troops who ~rawl U-.. ""O~ a fallout areae J.rcae us&d were of bare dry £:"Ound a.rd dry grassy
""TOurrl, -..*here dry tall.out had been dispersed. fui.d-sa!e support comiisted o!
~:dtoring the test areas, %:!Onitoring of volunt *;rs aft.er cr&Wl.ing,an1 skin decont&tination. At do.. mdnd locdions n:> airbor::e act.ivi.t!es above M.PC were found during the dispersal or crawllrlfl operationso C J I:1asks (l~9) ~ere worn r!ur!.ng cr~wl.i.~.
G&":1:1& w&iet height dcse rates fa the 't-\\.si areas ra:rlged fr<e 70 to 125 :.srft-.r.
Bet~.-gaclW dose rstes at one inch aoove t..~e ground ~u:-face
- - *"lg~ tro.-:. 90 *to 600 uaJ1/hr. Monitoring of \\'Ohmt.eers ~iately after cra-,..llng irrlkated clothing cor,tn.-:.i.J.. ltion of 2 to 35 uarl.{bre Szdn contamin-at::..on of 2 to 5 mad/hr ~s ger:erally f')Ulrl on hnn:ls, with only two cnses 12 r.:oo/hr a.rd 24 mrad/hr) fowd above this level. After necessary tir.e for filr.i do,bet.ry exposure:,, all persol"-'lc\\ \\iere c.uccesefully eeconta:r.ir.ated
&t. U:e P.rui-$nfe Cer.ter. 1:0 beta or ea.-=-..a ra.'ilation exposures above the 1~l1E
... i=.its t.~t !or the operatiou ilere received by any of the pere:>m1el part.icipat.-
ing.
Fudiologlc, 1 ~a.fety fl" op rt '\\,{as given to t'wo special project:, that
\\.!>ed tut site facilities fr..
ri, ~ 1..ation of s ceW rc:iearch data.
'!be '.s. Arey "'.
,s* er ti.esearct, 'l.nd Develo;:cent (;(c:innd1 1:at.ick,
'~ssacht.SeU.sf o~ra:ted a U,5,. J..rz:13 n. 1d eeconta.,u.nat.!.on lm1..'1dry.
J..r.ey clotl::ireg was,c~nt.&'ld.r~t.e....nth both dry a:rl sl\\.lrry types of fallout. a.rrl tt,{>~ ?.a,.. rldf"r~ to dcte..-.nine deeonta:::dr.ation ef!ect.iver.ess of tbe varim:s pro-cedt.:"efl e::ployed,. Dose rates :fro:n 10:> r::.r/hr to 2 r/h:r \\;ere encou1.1..e.rec r.ear q~..:--'""Jt 1.:ied for appl:yi.it the clothing contumi."l.i:it.ion, e.nd l 'l"IJI'/..r to 10 mr/hr at. the 1£.urory equj;.r n*"
Act.iuty of r.~5tc "h,rt.er reiented to d:air.11te
,ys+ cs did n. exceed l x 1::;-J µc/rJ..
The ~.s. ~ir Force, Re~euch Directorate, Air Force Special Weapons
"'er."'er, J."b.,.q q.. e, :*e-i< ?:e.x.ico, -utilize!! test. site faciliUc~ for a radia-t.. on sca1.:ter1.ng r.:e!l,.. :ure:.. ~t µ-oject" A.~ area of d.---y ha.."'Ci u-o..im tota1.ir;,:, o-.er 196,00J 1..:are !eet., :L"l1 the shape or a O!le-qu.e.rter t6£;:e:it of a 500 !oot rod:::.us circle, 11,-as u:ied se ia test area.,300 curie~ of 1.a:U. in water solution was
"' ra. ed or, i he tert ru-ea ~-y a motori:od s;.:ray ap~rat.\\:.!I znounted or. a t.ank
.. I'... :~. :'he ini tiAl o-o.ro activity "'as 1. r: :n:/tt/*. ~cas-...rcer,t.e of the w:.tt.w ed r:ldiation mre U.C'l:;C by rr.rotc cor.trol equip::ent arrl to decc;:,taciJ.aticn
- :ocedures were pcrfora~. !',>ecial fhieldi.ns was provided on the dri,1er 1e cab
.. :!
- he 31 r y truclr, eo tt:'lt e radiatio'l 1,-,, 1 !rc'::l t.t,o 100 curies in each
~f *r.:ce ~cparate lo dews. ~~ced to a.'1 ~v race of 250 r::rfhr,. Dose rates
- rc:i tl.e water tar-J: av£ra ed 8.5 r/'sJ'. lnitia.l waist l.ei,eht readince ir, the
--n;-: r;.,.ir.nted nrca nvcr,:,,ged 200 _:/hr.. Ra:Ueti*,>n control wu accomplished by
- i:.:e ll::ilt.e.tion a.nd driv,r rot.at:ion.
1:0 ie i."'icar.t aerosol cor.cent.ratic a
.. ere o1serV' d-ur-ir..g t..~e cournc o! this test~ A :re"-U.."Yey of t.hie nrea o,*er
& or.e oo:rt.h r-er~ :i,...:Uce:ted decay charact.eri,tic of t.he taUO isotope.. Acce,s
- o t."he area vas cor.t:rolled unVl dcca,y ha.d rt"iaccd the do~e ratf' to lefla th&n
~ r:.r/~.r at 3 feet~
13
C.
virom:eu al Mom.. toz Acor. tant flcr~ air sr,ler *a o~cr ~ed. on each o! the !our boun-d&riee of the contro'..lcl te~t area t.o collect 5a-pl so! lh* dilly e..irborr.e ct.ivity.
Air ea::plizle rc~ults a.t h 11
,*ations ~ere in11cat1v o! act.1,"ity c:arri of!-d*e by tl;* rlnd.
Act.ivit.ics r corde:1 ere always w U bel the v*abl.i£h~d Y.PC for l
~O 'With ~*"-'Al lc\\el of the order of 10 l
µ:/cc t.o 1: Li u:/cc of air, e,.ud n:>ne c.xce,.,dins 5 x 1c-8 µ:/cc. ill air ea=.ple5 hose ac 1 l'i ty ce'"dcc lO 9 ~/cc were recour.ted in ""' ho\\: in erder to an:11.rc t}&t the activity detect va~ cr.ar ctcri~ !c of L.1UO.
Tab el yreecnt~ a u:::::a:-y o! cr.viro:r-*nt.al air ea::pllr. d *
~
i" s
r l
0
.. a H.
l of A r e
2 X 10 9
- n l.6 x JO 9 J:3
- 6. x 10-1 Zl
- 6 x 1:,-lll 28 (tor 1..alJ.O b..,'V ).
t;v controls giv n JI I. t-'r.dix c
- e to vi* in '
s c
ation t
o!
u8ior. of r
1.at!on
- l.
ia t-10:1 :Dos e Co--.trol or.trol ror the c of !
ot.t p*od t.ion a.~ dis;,creal a!! tt~ cy limit.inc cxpos1..re tir.::.., :rotatio:'l o! persoMcl, ld!r.
- al do"e ra~
-.chicle sur!'acee w re on t.he lJ. r/t'.r.
rates 1,.., th cab or
- l,e
- ra."'lsit. mix 20 */tJ" to 1,2 r/t.r,
,:ir..c 3:,0 --/h:, It.
s r.cces:.ary iicl :fo:- ;,e:-iods o! abo\\."t. 5 ~J-:..es or lc.. s. Ooee rate in b of ~ fallo~t. di.. ;,ersal tr llJ".gcd !ro (JJ c:/hr to
._ r~ 2X> 'C...-/r.r.
Tt.ir; v icl dri n !or p ricdc of !r~
~ es, wit.l: the driv r lea, -.,g *he cab when not. nct.i.:aUy dri~..r atir,e he ho ?er cont.."<>ls. Oosc r ~sat t:t.rfac s of portable
\\.tC:, tor fallcnr.. dis r*al on roofn ~r 2 10 r/t.r, vith :r a.1-tt er t.andle o!' 200 -
f:/:1J rr/hr (close t. po"'it.ion of operator} *
.,,ulaticm ~-
o
- e as 1.5 cin n. s er roof, per e dos rates !or no re *han es of lbe port bl ho;-
re e
- ll r/t.r, t *~e t." t-.a.nc!le on "
/hr.
tion ry
-.-3 or Jess.
15 tior.s...:as iniicat.ed l;a:j es (p rso~.r.cl t.cd tt.. --ol:gh s app.-..oachc<'l t.le U'l!:o re !iJr-bes ir::. t.cr (o.,. r-
- _"l
~! ion,
.est radiation es ict.e~t ra:11.a-riods or two d yta to s
re indicated J.O r MPE for
,. ation te....
l e:1 l'R. Dos !l k" r&onn l !~"lc-to ut.W~e tr. ir 08 S ho 50 a:.ra:!.
t.iJ:e d '-t.. r try d..
o!
TABlZ 2(A)
DOSIMETRY DATA WUF.A TD> WHCI:.E BODY C,AM}i.A DCG.E ( r) i)mct.ion o!
Personnel Total operation Fallout ru..rlr-s Fallout dj:peroaJ.
Hot Cell.
S..'tr,ple collection arrl a."la.l,yais ins Technical monitor veco.. tn:r.ination
?.a.diological safe Eeta Cor.tact Stu1 ty (tWf)
Trar.,portation A'1clni:,irat 1.or.
illokc;raplzy y
I 1-.'umber of
~r.ne.1_
eJ.
l4 I.
4 7
4 12 I
I I
10 9
3 L
I.
I 6
I '
16 MaximU':l Minic'LO Averare
'J.76 0,04 0.9.5 J.76 0.99 2.46 2,43 l,45 l,76 2 *.38
- 0. 29 0. 8')
l. 69 0.13 1.03 l.19 o.61
- o. 8/.
1.11.
0,04 0.,38
- l. z:.
0.05 0.65 1.10 0.06 0.27 0.67 0.6J
- 0. 6.5 1.7.'..
O.ll 0.76 0.;6 c.09
- 0. 18 c.~3
- o. 8
- 0. 51 J
T.AiU 2 B.
Dv.:,:mE ** tY DA'"'A -
WTmP.A'TE;)
OLE BODY BE!A Do:E (ra.1)1
.Fuct1on of
..f._! or: L
__fil:~
- .c Ave.r...£.£_ _
Total o er ton
!8 J Cl 10 0 b2 fallout !ixirig 12
~ 82 c.15 0,,70 Fallollt dis r.. al 2
0 18 10 O ll 2
J 01 0.56 l 7 6
l 06 0 12 0 62 o....itori..,g 3
0 18 0 10 O 14 n
?
0 70 10 0 34 r ty 9
l 9r:
o :a 0.69
- ud.,v l
- 2.
O l
- o. 4
1:.
- 11 ological Heal t,h Pre-'
-at.icnal. pl'~i cal in t.ion rrl rildiouri."'l&.ly is was c.ade on each pe?'lklh,mrtic1pat at the te t sit
- Do:,ir.etry records !or the pro-cc ins sev months er rs:rccn to M:sure that. pr \\'ious accu:i:ulat.cd radia-tion exposures, coJLbin
- th pos ible test. sit e.xpo~cs, 11o4'0u!Ji not bring acyon t.h:ir. ranee or tt e yearly MrE of IS r.
?'o ~u:h cx,.>osurcs "'er fo\\.Id.
All p rsor.a participating 1D the bet con ct t.ud7 Vl'TC ex.amimd t-y a Z'edical Officer nt. the t. e1. e1 *,
"fore rd after tt.
cs s. l'o abnom-allt.ics of U1e eldn w r r oticed at. th completion of t..~c te!.it.
Poet.-
op :-atior.sl. rld!.ourinalys s re p"rfo cd to ch c !or inter i.all.O -oo:1-t.n::li."laUon.
An&lyee:1 ir~icat.cd ti t no l..t.,-ni!icar,t b;.,jy burdene had be~
rct:civ~.
abl1*hed at e Char,.e n
tcr.ale. l! h ndr.
bovc '00 c/m ( B rJ-:elo:,*
r r:1.n8.
lJ, oost cases, sonp s1nee 1J c cont~ntion
,: cd he skin.
ln cont.runinat.ion W"aS er
, :frol:l cor.t.act a
r cont ~
t.ion.
c n
, tince,.:ro-8 rn uru-.g t.c,t. ar o
- o. s.
h on tl1x full pro-wor-.
cor ta::..1.n-ch. The e 11
?.le f
D O, ct
.5
.i.r-t; n.rea
'!1 orfe t on le\\* l Pr!or con ty Ced to ~
ryt tke sis \\tao
IV.
!I. l ~I t.L !J./..CTY A.
l::rs c..J, r t-in th c rmnativum, tely 280 ra sin iclc 1n the the av ra A ppondix G pr ents
n-.rec type:i or a!.r e ~lln,g equi;x:.ent vcre used :or collect.ion of irborne radioactivity. Sta;,lex Hi,'olu::.e Air Zal::plere, Model TP!>.,
th a 4 n :,a;ipllng hood holding 1".slt Type llOlB glasu !iber ! 11 ter ~per
(.Fis. 8} ere ~cd in U,e t,est areae.
Portable t:am>llne genera.tore 8Uppl1ai llOV lce'.ri.c current.
The St.aplex sampling rote ws 25 Ci'M o! air. Mod1-Uo1 West!neho~c Port.avac vacu\\!':l cleanore "ere used !or spot :Slllll?ling in the tot cell. °'~ss tilt.er paper was usd, -ith a 10 ~
fl rat-e. Envuon-ce~tnl. air e Pline at the test &ito peripheries utilized con,tant !low r;uction pu:ipe, of US!,rtDL lllllJlu!acturc, set nt a 10 cnt :flo-it rato, and. ustd
'S5 filter p3per.
Three or U10 constant. flcr,.. units wed ll.O V line current, tbe :fourth vat ~erl!d by a cobil llO \\' cn:soline t er tor *
. H.r scmple :filten1 were counted in side- '-"L'l1cn, or cm 'Y.in1ow G.M.
c,~.t r Ei1ld scaler unit:s. ~pecial air sar::;::,ler. 11,t,os heavy dust loading could c ~... c eo:.tarr.ir"tion o! tho G.l'. unit~ *.. tr count.e:1 1n a sa::ma l!C.1n-tilla+ ion counttT.
J. Counti.~ Equi;:ment f.nd-'R~'ldow an:! side-w-i..ndo:" C.i!. detectors :with Cl)-79/1.JD scalers vere used !or air sam;,ling countir.e. Wipe sa::i;iles...-ere 1:heckcd with a 1:uclear-Chicago 1615-'B count rate rr;eter.
\\'later ard soil sa:.
,es were counted in a dee,;nrell crystal ec:intillation counter.
- 4. Instru:::ient Calibration All port.able radiac cquip.-Lent was ca.lib:ated 'With JffiS-st-anda..~ized Cobalt f:I) ~oll!"ces prior to eh!.p:::ent to the test. dte. l.nstru:nents were checked at the test site vith a 158 ~. Cobalt l-0 rou.:-ce.
Standards of }:nown activity "ere used to determine tbe ef!icie.~cy of c~*J>tir.g equip::ent.
,5.
Field l{onitorine Equi~eot Each of the t"Wo field oon:itt ring team:; was com;:ueticly equipped to har.dle the ::on:itorir..g requir~ to su;,port test area operations~ Each te~
wan !urnirJmd with a Jeep an:i B!1 cqui;r.ent. t:-ail.e.:-.
E<;uip:::ent inclu:ied varS.ous t., ~ <:s o! radiac::;, air sw:i;>lers, a p'Jrtable anne::io.-: ter for 1-'ind data, a water
~rd soil ~ampl.i..~ ki-:., a portabl'! llO \\' c:crcrator, and sup;,lie:, for povting
~..-...3 ro~ir.,;-o!! are~s. Tne re~y tiobility o!' U.!fi equipient ueatly increa~cd rr...)r,itorir.g tca:o dficitucy.
B.
Cl.a: ge House and ferso:--.nel Deconta.m.ation Center J, *wo-!hor krr;:y barra:.lrn building was converted !or..:.se by dividing
- ~.e first floor into 11clean11 and "hot." areas. Facilit.ie.s included protecth*e c othirig i!lf;1.'e a!rl 5tor.. ee, dressing a."ld un:iressing :roo::s, personnel z:ionito.. -
~r.a sta:ions, ~kin deco~t-a.:.::ir.ation stations, lockers, shower,, dosimetry 1 u~ e*.ation, -.-r1 radiac storage ~~sees. All Ffr~or.nel co-::ir.g !ro~ the te8t
..rcas ~e r.xmi",red for conto:-.Jr.stion before e:iterir.g the b-ui:.ding,
'1r.cse : ~cni t '.es were ~oo. twice daily by a.~..... *er age o! 70 pereonnel, with peu: !oo.d5 nf 85. ~est uea tca:n activities ~ere sia~J;ered, tll::e wise,
... o that no oHrcrc-.rdi:1£ was experienced in tt.c use of U1"Se facllitiezi.
The secon1 floor.s.r~a wa5 uU llied for co-...nt.i.".,g atrl 3.a'boratory :-00:::.3 and adrli tior.al 5torage s;,ace.
- l. r lli Dosilteters db bd.ges were worn by i:..l.l ;.,erf::i.r.el cnterine the test nrca!,
,. '.e ~tcgr t,cd cxpo:iii;:"e serVJ...ng as the o!ficia: radiat.i.o:i record !or the opera
':on. A,,ecial La..1.4"' cn.li.bration cu.r\\'e for the :film dosi:letcr 'Was r.:"'°e,
\\:dr.g a callll!"\\ted t.hir..b)e cha:.bcr. n.1m dcsil:eters cont-ni.."le:i a Du.Pont film t '"'< with S55 !J"rl 510 type c::ruld.ons Cta:.--::na ranges are l.O mr to lO r :for the 555 e=ulsior., an! O. 5 r to 80 r !or t.hc 510 e:::_,ilsio:1.
Beta ranges are
50 r.:rad to 20 rad for t.he 555 em\\1.bion, a."rl 10 r~ t.o 150 rad for t.he 510 e:m.u:eion). A ::;ulti-f:llter film badge holder was used, enabling t.he determi."latio;i of ga::.:.a and bet.a dosases. FDD processing was done by t.he t;~~.DL Hlotodosir.etry Sec... ion. Dosage results \\.-ere available at the test site one day after suWs,ion of the !iJJu packet for processing.
ln!or=.ation on mission films vu phoned to the test sit.e on the sa.,::e day t.hey were pro-cet::;ed. J.p;;e:dix F lists i.."ltegrated ca.--:z-,..a and beta whole body dose received by personnel t.akir.,g J::!l.r't.L"'l t-r.e ope:-ation.
2 *
.Pocket C't:ar.her Dosi.~eters Zelf-read.i:'.g, o,:..t'*, rlosir.:cter:i i.*cre worn.l.n the test areas by all persor~el exposed to s:i,s:'.;..fi~ lJ'it.. ra'.iiation do:;e rate~.
t:sc of these dosi-
-.eters sr-::*,ej as a 1aily.... "ldicc1* io::1 of 'l-~.e dose :-ece1ved. A clo!:e cheer. was te.,,t of 1o:,i.ceter :-ea:1ing";
- o -::ain't.lin cosaee cont.:-ol, especially for those c~"?.bcd in tr:e fallout.."<>-UC' !.on n:id dir,H:rsal operations.
Tw:> types of
- .,:,~et.e.~ ~e.e u~ed:
C--~... r.- nm (... 1: r. fi.J;;. b::i=c:cs we:.-e ret;\\U',ned to
- .:.[L :for r=-ocessiq; w\\,.en a-*, i:rlr,-:.1u.al 1s pocket. 1o~...c~te:.- :L"ldicated an accu-
- ulat-ed ;0C =: dose.
A:1... n*.-brn w~rc calibrated agai.'1s-:. Cobalt 60, *with acce,..it.able 1.ir...it.s o! :::. l.'.l!& o! ~t.e ca!.itr'lilon dose c'.J.:rl !: 2% leakage in 24 t,ou.rs,.
I. co::i:>ari.son was r:.a.:ie o! the poc;cct. ch~:- a."'10 f!.lc dosimet.er doc-es o! 28 indivi... als \\.-!lo :-£cri-..ed an ir.tet,,otecj ga:r..a dose of 1 r or greater.
ln e,er.~al, cha=.ber r 'itli:.,~s ).1.'re four~ to be lower th3.n :fib readi:-,,gs" Toe aerce ent was within.:: JCY; of the ti.le re ~:!.r.g.
21 c~te.r readings we:-e
- crlfe!" ty P:. a*,crage of J..',... ::a ;rere hi,s.-ier by an a,*e:-age of Z/%.
Fi:ft.een c.:i=.e wi~h:in 1~% of £s:h ~il~r. A po~sible ~l-~stio~ for tLcze di!!erences wul.d be t!-~t. eitht>:- tte c:l'.c.:bcrs were not wo:r~ at all t.iI:.cs wit..'. t.he filJ:ls, or t~.at cha::-1:.er r " ir rs 'f-lt.,. not ~ays recorocd by ;>ersonnel i:pon return
'!'r':J-: :... Uat:ion a.. as. :.n a:,:* cace, *t;~ ;--:t.t.t cori:-e:e;- SE!"V'*:i as a che:k of a::-.*:..J.a* ir.g do~ge, "'-nilt* 'L"':e f1::.= -os::r..et.er doze -wao acce;.>t.c,.od as t?.c cff!.cial radiation rccorc of the o; rat10~~
J..n !,vc*,10..-y $uf!'i~:.c:. *,o t:.q.. ~ ao::,ut :c: :-crrc:-...-~l was on ha.."ld.
':r.c ueater pll'"'t wr.s dr.:.*-r: !:-o Lc'it:ora*:,ry SUiJpl~.cs, ** rd t>:e balance was.:,m--
- c. a ed t:s:ir.g '"::-o~ect fum.f o: :wa~ torrcwed fro!:'l other 8!;~1:cief;.
Since a.size r* *.. ~ wa! r,..cr ired for all i" s o! c-~,,* hir.r;, s* ocY.s :-eqi..ir..j ha:! to be est.i-r:'"'"' d w;..*h extra ai.:.o-r..rltts... n c--... tt. l:"* ':lo*hinll £"'"'CY. :.e--.* ~... were dP,..en
- - 'l.r n a :.: day h *.-Jry C) :e !c:- s::o... ~ dr..clte.1 J.* -r:dry am a ~-day cycl" for c.or/ :::or.at.eel 1.::,-...:.Jry..
,....,~tc.~ i: at d c:! :J~r--s w:is *.. 3_ h~ by a co:'T..ercial cor*"*.:*or qecializirr!, ir Pis.rorl:, '"'.r.:i the i.:ccntr....1.r.ntd c:,,*Mr-e WDD
'1-::l r ::i ly re c.-11r l:-j' cc-... ere~": l 1....- !--;*.
"'!oi hi,.,, !* l.('** i.. -(': c Tl* '::ilration of
"'c/c -.;-r c:~!". ! *:- 1 £LS C --:ta....:.Jt A
- "'OY..i:_laif"** -.
' I I
- (
4 1 I
I
~__J
E. Logi:,t.ic Support.
A three r::iOnt.h p:-e-o;:;eration pe:-io:! :was concerned vi.th planning rad-
~afe :facilities and ordering cqui;c:ent. Equipr:ent necessary for rad-safe use was ordered with the cooperation of a logistic S?ecialist from the E.'lgineering Division. WheneYer possible, u:ip:ne.nt and supplies :were dra'-T.
fror. existi..'lg Lsborat-ory st.ocks or rr.illt.ar. sources of oupply. All radiation detection anc! ceasu:-eaent equip:ent 'Was obtained fro::l the exi:sting Laboratory
~t.ock.
Si.nee adequate stock:, o! protecti,*e clothing we.. e not on hand at t.he Laborato:-y for !.eld operation use, project fun:!e had to be expended to bri.."'.g ex.i5t.ing stocl: levels ".lp to requirc::cnte
- Additional equi~er.t and supplies needed during the O;>a"'ati.on ~e ava~ ~ble on a one or two day l-.. siB :from Jam..
The radiological ~afet~ p.liases of a !ield-:,cale lard target decontami."l-ation operation, utilizing synthetic radioactive fallout, are described. The rad-safe group acted in an advisory capacity to project personnel on radia-tion an! contamination hazard~, evaluated the radiological situation of
~roject nctiviti~s, IL"'Xi operated rnd-sa!e facilities in BUpport of the tech-nical pros;-w~. l;o r~at1on ac<.idents or uncontrolJ od radiological situati<M15 de,-elo;m:1.
Ba5ic radio!o,gical safety stardards were.followed in accordance with the license :!or use.;,f 500 curies of 1,al.40.
Cru.y !our of the project prrsor.nel received a ca.":!T..a apoS'.u-e sll6ht.ly in excess o! the.'.3.0 r MPE, &nd the bt:ta JI.PE o'f l!i rld was not approache:1 by ruiy inhvidual.
A *
.Had-Sa! e Or ganiza + ion a...,d '.!':-a!ning
'.:'te o~erati?~ cor.~isted o! ~£ s, ~o::e of vhich pe~!o:-.ned their -.,ork
,. 1-y c-arly in the mo:-:.ine, w!-.ile ou,.,.rs worke.1 until Ja".,e evening, requiring ad-sa!c ser\\"ices H-"OU&iout their workinB bour~. T'ne si:.e o:f the P.ad-Sa!o ro\\:i) i::n!e it neces a.""Y t-o ~ploy the enti:-e eroup !er long hou::-s to p..~or...do U:c re':1..i:'E:d rt.:1-i::a' e £ervices t.o t~e&e tea:::.s. for a.'l operation o! this typ?, sufficient :ra-! ~s!e j)trSOml"l sl.J~ be rd1~ to adequately cover prc-j ct O?erations.in a nst.itt11 tasieo rlith an inc:-ca~e al about JO% in ~rength, s~aecer~ ~:-ki.,g erou_,s cn.'l 'te covered wit.bout, overwo:-king personnel o::-
decreasing the e!!iciency of rad ea!e ser,1.ce!.
It i:i etror.sly reco:-::.e...,.ded tr.at cxperier.eec radiologkal. conitora be assjt;ne:d to opernt:!.o~, c! this type. On-site :-a.d-~c.te t.rainins ~houlrl be geared to t.heir previcn.s ex"er!ence a:-.d training, iP.'i t..'1 eJiphasi.e pl~ced on tho pract.icE.l application o! ad-safe ;:,rinciple5 in the test area. 1-"'t'r.4r1 1 "Vel ot a;:.,eric-nce, p::'e-operatior.al dry nms" 1r. t.Le test areas are
.. c co:::::_e rw! ed..
J
B.
Rad-We Support for Technical Program:,
Dose cont:r-ol l!ensw-es for the operations invoh1.nc S)'Tit.t.ct.ic fallout prcrarntion and di~?er~al were a1equa~ a."\\1 conr.istent with the types o!
o;:.e:ratior.s Uia*t we-re pcr.for:r.ed, Th,. cXj)OC\\lres exceeding the MPE could have
\\ en :-:,. vc*.,te'... !'
r
- C("... ic, l
- ~'-1,11 wt:rc ca_,able of lea1 ~ r.c each par-t,.* a:... r**Elt1l
?"t
.o.,~\\.. *j "c.11.,..-1*r,ri:>nnelrot.nt.iontotheset.asks *
.,.,, u:oc.v *.1* tJt <r, co\\J':ic 'in t.r.e tadc :r-11nc1;1cs of ril-1iation and cor.t.um:ination cont.1*01 nru1 sir.Jple Stt!n dtcontar.1nat.ion iD rcco-:=nendoo !or all
- .
- roject ;scrsc..mel not. funiliar W'lth rru:!iat.ion arrl contamination problems.
In i:1dit1on, it. is reco=.mcnded th!.lt all perconnel wor.kins in the test areas be brie!e1 to familiarize the::. with the i..,e of rod eafe facilities am equiJJntnt nd c;encral red-safe procedures.
C. l.oiµstic Support A cooplet su. ply of protective c:.o*M~e am r,q~1
".t should tc
,tord for cxclt.!live 1.,se at this type of f'raUon, l> th c.1bt.equent ildju.. t-
- mt of r.tocl* lev, 15 orJy iI tt,c, r,*.._ :..a of test. dte pcrt.01;nel is Ercat.ly ire. 'l.ae:.
1 "'k lcw:ls for the o,.,eratio:1 !escribc:1 coalO uirvice about. 100 1 n J' 1 a1nrut('!ly w.. th a ~ day laun1ry cycle.
flfl increase of 20% in clot.h-r,.
- o~k would be nee s:"ary for a J doy cycle, n.'ld 30% increase !or a l. day
.. r ~ i" Cj le, In C'l.&C's "'here a d!:::proportionutely laree amount o:f conta.min-atc-b..r.:fr/ m.. st. bci f rocc,s.,,1, t1thC'r lo.r1cr c.tock:i er.mt 'be n:aintair.ed or
.. c..n t01 *...,u:t1 t~ c~otr :p;e
- t.r.t to *::,rn for a.. oncer time.
Plidiac ztor 1torir~ cq,11.J:-""*1t w,s dr wn from laborntory su;>plics and
<'alitra* oo, :-ior to tt,o o, ra-t !.on. ':":.is ** r,c *..ire w:is sa lb!actory I B.rU is r,
_ r.1cd !or.f.. 1. :u-c o,.,c:1 at:..01,!,.
- .... e * -:...,cc of a full-time electronic tee~.5C'i an at. tt.c t s**
~:,.
- e to r <r..~" r.r I 4
.n q,.t "r,t contribt.t~
& atly t.o ff ct.ive
- d c.i.1e "'.ou o.cr
- r.
- was 1 0:::&.H*le *o kcrp"Jcw:1-timc*of el t.ronic cq1.i. u.t sh..1rt nrr:I a~so t.o ~ ir.~:ir. r::-cil,c.r *u;:>p:icr o!'
~ch c:;pi
- it, An ter... ent of nr.
! ~t:-or... c te"t,...!cian to t.hc t.c<<t d * ~ :.
fut t.; CJ o, craiions.:. ;; r ~orr.::-endM,
- r.~ nt ~*rtlc~t1ts wer r*:o..ntc: 1 on co.u,t.ir.g e~..lp~nr.t. 1r~m t~ar 'ls i.n t!.e :o-!ut... on t c,;p,.r,OA.."'113, whltt, often u-.c:-eaoe1 tctwccn 10 e.nd
~; !ol 1 d~ir-8 a de)y ra,:n char. s 1n t st area ~t.ivitie~. £1ncc accw-acy ot coW1tir.r, datn dc,ct-18 Uf10n irecice l:n0rrl~1ee of bac~,eround, it is rccom-P"idc-d tl.at the co tir.g roo"", 1n !'..t..u-e o~eratior.,, be Jocatod ill an area
- cno*e fio-... t~.e 1.rJ'.. u,*e or
'-"i '1£: r,e r"l..1iation bad.ero-u."lde.
The addition of hfo l rd tmd toot.. c.. Y'itcrs in tt.e '"'ar.r,e :* lition area it rr coz::i:cnde.1 to
,.. d 1.. 1 t "oc,ss.. r.'"' '>f
.*:::o~... l r ' in._* r- !':-,.. tt,e te~t ar as.
Spnre scaler:,
o:
- rts fc
- H l 1 L" 1rt<...
1.r t. c :>,.i<
'l.or.al cql..i, -cnt :..1cts.
E~
DosiJDetry The use of 5elf-readi.."1g pocket dosi::ieters serve~ as a good check o!
day-t.o-<!ay ea.";""-& exposure, arxi should be used to :;u;>?lc:::ent. fil::: dosimeters worn concw-rently. Availability of a 2-day flli development zcrvice is
~dcqul'lte for an operotion of this type, where notice of dgni!'kant exposures cay be quickly :fo:-wa.rded via phone.
The stock of 0-/.00 er dosi::ietcrs should be 2 to 3 per z:sn, to ::-.ake allowance for non-!'unct:!o~ing U.'lits ** Stocks of 0-5 r, or 0-10 r dosin:eters
?:Ay be 2 per man, and is£ued only to.fallout preparation, dizpersal, and hot cell te~sp
- r. Respiratory !rotection
.,'h.:e occn'"icr.al airborne nctivities above the HPC were cxperier.ced c! 1rir,e uctrc-:icly dusty test area o~ra*.,ions, tr.e conccr.trationz persisted for a very shon period of t:iJ::e. The general co:iccr.t.rat!Qns :i..'l test areas were tC\\'C:'al orlers of ":'.agr.ih.rlc below t.he JI.PC of 4 x 10 b µc/cc of Lal..40 for cont.nllous occupational exposure.,
1i. is considered that resp:i.r.. tory protec-tion would not gcr.erally be required in the test areas, except by personnel wor,:1-r,e vrr, c ose to dust-,irod\\lcing equip::rnto Skin C.Ontnmination ln ca~cs whc re sidn con-t,;;,.'l'i:i nation may re::ul t f:-o::i ionic l..antha.'"l\\C sc,h.t!or.t, it is rcco=..crmoo i.hat strict cor.ta::imition control meam1rcs be
.*o\\r:i !Pi.,
'::le i-,nic cor.ta--:-.L"18tior. bc::o:nes f :Xcd to t~e shi..., a."1d eenerally car.not be
- e::-.o.,.c.'t! co::::.;_letely, tt *~ resultir,n in a larte dose to the affected ar a.,
P:-ior to an 0 1,eration, zoil, water ar-.d air sw..;les rnould be tal:en both w.:thin arrl nro'I.Jd U.e tc~'L arcao Sa.~pics r:~ould be taken such that r1..4"fi::ier:t. tir:e is allowej fo-: coP-;i:et.!on of analysis t"':*ore tte ctart of the o;,rrationc Analysis chouB be we on the sa.-:.c cqui;;::,..nt ar.:i in the ic:.ie
~"l.nr.er as sub~cq..er.t ta.~~:en~
~
CES ul
- io I
..,ed
,, l
- 1)
- e
- o, T
t
\\
- ()
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~
c;
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D.. a
\\
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V
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. \\
- -........\\,
b
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0 u
lJ r
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," I '° 0
E L.,._
C f....
ll
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0 I.I r
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' ( '
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J.
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4 I
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. : ~ ~-
l
.. _,,,.. ""I I, I r
- r £ r *
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r,.
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_J
'I µ Arm:Dix A RADlOLO:iICAL SAf-tTY GiiOOi' Q1w\\lllZA':'lC!J ClWiT j5er~*?,,I ield Nonitoring
~~ I Monitor+ J I
r'!'-:..-~h u:__J
' l r~~t~J I
J Moni 1
tor + I Konitos r:-- - ~
1 Fallout
- l.
Production Monitorin:: J Moni.t.or 0 ruu.1-!hfc C!'fi.ccr
)(
Personnel De--.onta""U..l'lation Radiac Repair and J.1aintcnanc e-H Centrr o
I IDf°*I fonitor I Dosizr.o try I
Corps::um O I Countinri Labcratory TOTAL pm:;aaa x
Health Phy~icist u
Senior Monitor o -
Military Rad-Safe Off.
+
Moni.tor a
Corpsman
~ -
lasuo Clerk u
- n.... t _,, °'"'"' "'" r~m11r~-
Rad-Safe l Training _
DX 1
l l s 1 (part-time)
];_
10
APPIJIDIX B TAB'JLA!!
Cf' l'.AIIXUM P::..~'!ISSIBLE LOOTS
- l. Per~ru-el MP1 ihul oo!y Hand~ and !cet
- b. Aerosol Ac*iv:ity 6
/
.. X -
? '6 CC l Y. 10
/cc
- c.
- oj and.,:ot-ub..,. ~ ter roo:i a*.. "'
not be co~
e ow1r:
y
- uc/ml r
- a.
- sonal
- !!xetl
- c.; !ixel3 i:! s f'e Coverall e1 lo e,
+c; r:,x
- 0 5J !
e co C
C/w) lS rad JO rad
... eJ:.. eley 2750 500 e/c.
~:xx> c/c
.I.
I
~ ~5,000 c/m
... /~... 2 '0,000 c/m
/:/er:.
- a. final Cleara;1cr
- ixed
]'P_c_
- .o,O:x> d/~c.T.2 c;,~JO d/-/~2 fr.
wipe
,5, 000 l/m 2
- ., ~
c/::,/12 in wipe
~~.cxc e/-
25,000 c/m/lL 1.rt wipe
~
1 rn.~:a* i~n level to le:;: ! r/1.r at the t' -fc.~* of the container, W'ltt. :-cio\\' t.:e c.:-t. ui:Ja1.1or. <. ~, :..('<; ~I /12 :.r.-. ii:L,:.e,~. ~::,... c/m on f.l"r}:('::ey,.7.,,or.*... ~*.,.* ~r,n,r;etcr )
- I r
- C,;
TE.__
AREA A!:-0 n:vmaDID:T.U, DOOJY.EmY, AREA J-HJ:l'.IOOmG FD.MS
~cation o! Film l
1ntegrat.ed Dose !or
1-i-*;3_7 da s
- ir ~
1.
Front door, fla.:i-Sa!e Bldg.
- 2.
Project FQ Bldg., Lobby J. P:-oject W I'ldg., Back door
- 4.
Hot Cell, cold side o! shield, t:ort.h 5, Hot Cell, cold side o! e.M.~ld, South
- 6.
Bldg. T-745, lneide o! door 7, Eldc:* T-715, Eaves, i:e!.lt en:!
- 8.
Pldg. T-601, cold otorage, East will
- 9.
Bld.g. T-708 (alor.e highway),
front (Solo-th) wall
- 10. Revicvir.g etand, :: "ide o!
- .sra.de e
- ound l.l. BM,;. T-?J?, fillout clxing buil.dir.g; wall of office
- 12. Bldg. T-71/3, i-'
'VY eq "ip.-:ent cuildir.g
- 13. BJ..dE. T-1313, Corr.er 21st aoo Davi.. Av*m,e ll. *.Bldg. :'-l.319, Corner ~rd and G"ant. /. -.*er.ue
- s. El.de. '!-1269,,:',orr:c:* leth a'id Grant l.ver.'l!e
- 16. Buis, T-152, ~ee, Htll, wall of servin( counter
- 17. :Pld£. T :.ens, Ib.rraCt'Ei !ll'bl,y,
~Otb Chl rlt.
- 590 J., 210 100
- J,500 500 40,:,
E70 6}5
_L C l i)OSC per dlQ',
z::r aim.a ll7 16 J3 5
315 16 ll 24 18
Location o! Fil.Ll lnteE;rat.ed Dose for Do:;e per day,
'i? day_JI_. r..r,£.tu:rna lr.:' ~Q."!lln,!l
- 18. Dldg. 1-1,76, Barracks and Lobby
- 19, Bldg. T 6ll, ~ide of 1:ennel 2:), Eldg. T-905, Motor rool*
50th Chl.. Plt..
- 21. Puig. T 501, Post. Enc!neer*
~ (. l"'ab of fallr>1..t mixer t.rucl:
lZ7,00J 3, 400
~J. rab of Di~pers l T,uck
!.l,700 1,400
=u.. l'ot Cell, above :window, col!!
s~e of sllield 980 JC
.,5. l-:.rcc,,ortablo scirtillator
..,810
!"0 7~. J.1811 r1ortnble :icint1llator S?O "5
-:,,,... ~~1lc of,crtabl~ spr~wlcr
'Z7 I (QO 7, ":J 11ca~ce an area not un!er r -.d caf cor.trol
&* s ir.t,;. tc1
Cover e
(pr) 7 hirts
~eke, (pr) orts in, P 1 a
- a!n pan*s AP~mIX D FnOTECTITE CLO'IHD:O ID UIP.fil;T n; rnnmr
.340 llJ.
250 JOO
.300 ea
- astic; w/ ood nd glov s 30 JO
- l.
p, cloth s,
er
, r b r, es, robber, tr ( r)
- ult
~arc tr a irator, halt ic pr)
.i
?'.Y...
- -)
oto work r
co
- n, r
~ ~
I I cc t ( r) a t s s) l l"O 00 50 ll l.J.
12 24 24
.500 l r:oo a:,
000 6oo 0
1.54 8
AP@:DlX E B.,EIJ:00-'N CF PC8Tilll.E AADIAC !llS!RU!'.WT USE BY }!O:rrmn:a ~~JTS
,--:,00-----------.----~----
- oni torl 1'18 lnst.rtr.;cr.t
?:'O. Inetrunents Reguired r.e-__ g;""ui?=-,..t-=!~-;;.;;*e.a..an.... t ________ -t--1,:J_o:- J 011!1. _____, _____ -=-------
ficld tlOnitoring 2 t.~~s JJ:/rJJ.t-'2.?F (~.:!. )
(a:-ea 1t0nitoring)
- ot Cell, Lal40 ;i*~;-vi."1g (area oor.itoring, personnel ClO"l t Ori.. --.g)
- AJi/H>R-TlB CP-3D Cut.ie ~e JJVPD-: -1&
All/ft.n
- Zl'f J.J:/FD.~ 7lB CP.-3.D t'ut.ie Pie Ber KC'lcy 2760 (O.U. )
I 4
1 2
l 1
l l
l I
I. a:lo\\.t. ?-::ixint; (area I tor1twiria)
A!J/m?.. :!7"'
C? JD C
- ie. ic Ri/ i::.
I.
---1
- -1 l
l 0Char.ge l :oi:-::eT Per:.or.nC:--
moni torfog)
Eerr.C"lcy...,7~/j A:.:/YJ':1, -:'lF' rutlea..--0-,icnco,
- ~el l6l~B (G.H. )
i
~
~-.~act ~tu:!y ___ 1-Et-rkeie; -.71/J
( f ~r~or~c~ mod to ir.")
JJJ/ i'D ** Z'{F I-V. ~
- .;rry ProJec?. -- ---
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