ML20336A198
ML20336A198 | |
Person / Time | |
---|---|
Site: | Vogtle ![]() |
Issue date: | 11/25/2020 |
From: | Shea D Daniel J. Shea, P.C. |
To: | Kristine Svinicki NRC/Chairman |
Shared Package | |
ML20336A199 | List: |
References | |
LTR-20-0429 | |
Download: ML20336A198 (10) | |
Text
CHAIRMAN Resource From: DanShea <djs7500@aol.com>
Sent: Wednesday, November 25, 2020 8:39 AM To: CHAIRMAN Resource
Subject:
[External_Sender] AP1000 Attachments: SouthernNuke2Final.pdf
Dear Chairman Svinicki:
The attached letter to Southern Nuclear has not received a response. It has been review by retired executives of NUS Corporation and found to raise significant issues. Two are: Operator training design has been moved to DOE which disconnects it from the integrated human factors engineering (HFE) methodology employed by Brookhaven National Labs in the combined license for the AP1000 units Vogtle 3 and 4. The best I can determine is that training design under INPO continues to rely on job task analysis (JTA) from current operators instead of the task allocation methodology of Brookhaven. Why is Brookhaven not involved in the critical matter of operator job design and training curriculum design for the AP1000. This is an issue that resonates with the Boeing 737 MAX fiasco. With the new AP1000, you don't ask operators what their job is, you tell them what it is based on the plant design, the engineered safeguards setup, and the functional task allocation.. Also, the Broohhaven methodology deals with the real time task overload that was so apparent at TMI. Remember, the operators had to get keys to turn off the emergency coolant injection system that had correctly auto initiated. In effect, the brains of the operators over-rode the brains of the plant (i.e. its engineered safeguards designed to maintain reactor integrity for 30 minutes with no operator intervention).
The next issue is Westinghouse statement that the AP1000 pressurizer is 40% larger than comparably sized existing units
-- which would include Vogtle 1 and 2. Pressurizer size is a critical design consideration in the capacity of a PWR primary system to absorb the shock of a loss of load from 100% power. Granted, TMI was a B&W variant with once through steam generators that made the intrinsic heat sink of the B&W units inferior to the Westinghouse design. Westinghouse made this design decision but doesn't tell us why this increased pressurizer volume was necessary in light of TMI. What Tech Spec does this implicate?
Respectfully,
/s/ Daniel J. Shea, J.D.
Daniel J. Shea, P.C.
(832) 6373612 ALSO ADMITTED IN MA AND MY CONFIDENTIALITY STATEMENT This message is sent by a law firm and may contain information that is privileged or confidential. If you received this transmission in error, please notify the sender by reply e-mail and delete the message and any attachments.
1
DANIEL J. SHEA, P.C.
'52;)25''5,9(+2867217;
7HOHSKRQH 7HOHFRSLHU GMV#DROFRP
'$1,(/-26(3+6+($
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 2FWREHU
$/62$'0,77(',1
0$66$&+86(776
$1'1(:<25. &21),'(17,$/
0U6WHSKHQ.XF]\QVNL &0555
&KDLUPDQ3UHVLGHQW &(2 86365HVWULFWHG'HOLYHU\
6RXWKHUQ1XFOHDU2SHUDWLQJ&R
,QYHUQHVV&HQWHU3DUNZD\
%LUPLQJKDP$/
'HDU0U.XF]\QVNL
- LWK UHVSHFW , ZULWH WR EULQJ WR \RXU DWWHQWLRQ WZR EURDG WHFKQLFDO LVVXHV WKDW KDYH VLJQLILFDQWRSHUDWLRQDODQGRUOHJDOFRQVHTXHQFHV5HVSHFWIXOO\,EHOLHYHP\GXDOWUDLQLQJDQG H[SHULHQFHLQQXFOHDUSRZHUDQGODZWKDWVSDQVVRPH\HDUValbeitLQWHUPLWWHQWO\FRXSOHGZLWK P\XQZDYHULQJFRPPLWPHQWWRQXFOHDUSRZHUMXVWLILHVWKLVOHWWHU
$ %DFNJURXQG
$V \RX XQGRXEWHGO\ NQRZ D QXFOHDU SRZHU SODQW KDV ERWK D ORDG VKHG DQG GHFD\ KHDW SKHQRPHQRQWKDWLQGLYLGXDOO\RULQFRPELQDWLRQOHDGWR³HPHUJHQF\RSHUDWLRQV'7KHZD\LQ ZKLFKWKHVHWZRSKHQRPHQDKDYHEHHQGHDOWZLWKEHIRUH$3e.g.DW9RJWOHDQGDQGQRZ DW9RJWOH OHDGWRLQHYLWDEOHUHWURVSHFWLYHFRPSDULVRQV,QWKLVOHWWHU,DWWHPSWWRPDNHWKRVH FRPSDULVRQVZKLFKDVDQDWWRUQH\DQGH[1DY\52,IHHOQHHGDWWHQWLRQDWWKHKLJKHVWPDQDJHPHQW OHYHODW6RXWKHUQ1XFOHDU
% 7KH3UH$3(UD70,WR9RJWOHDQG
,QWKHSUH$3HUDWKHGXDOOLFHQVLQJSURFHVVDOORZHGHQJLQHHULQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQDQG RSHUDWLRQVWREHGHDOWZLWKVHULDOO\DQGVHSDUDWHO\)RUWUDLQLQJDQGHPHUJHQF\SURFHGXUHGHVLJQ
WKHLQGXVWU\XVHGDPHWKRGRORJ\RIDVWDWLF-RE7DVN$QDO\VLV -7$ WRGHVLJQWKHFRPSRQHQWVRI WKHVRFDOOHG³RSHUDWLRQDOPDWUL['-7$SROOVWKHKLVWRULFDORSLQLRQVRIRSHUDWRUVDVDFKLHILQSXW LQWRWKHLUGHVLJQ:HDW186EURXJKW-7$LQWRWKHLQGXVWU\LQWRDFFUHGLWWKH186IRVVLOSODQW WUDLQLQJSURJUDPIRU((2&SXUSRVHVDIWHUGriggs v. Duke Power%XWDIWHU70,ZHFRQFOXGHG WKDW WDVN SROOLQJ RI RSHUDWRUV DOWKRXJK YDOXDEOH ZDV QRW WKH DSSURSULDWH WRSHQG PHWKRG IRU SURFHGXUHDQGWUDLQLQJGHVLJQLQOLJKWRIWKHWZRSKHQRPHQDDERYHXQLTXHWRQXFOHDUSODQWV0\
WKHRU\WKHQDQGQRZLVWKDWV\VWHPVHQJLQHHULQJH[SHUWVWRJHWKHUZLWK, &DUHWKHLQLWLDOVRXUFH RIKXPDQIDFWRUVGHVLJQLQDQLWHUDWLYHSURFHVVLQZKLFKJHQHUDWLRQVRIRSHUDWRUVODWHUSURYLGH
³IHHGEDFN'7KHDVGHVLJQHGSRZHUSODQWLVWKHUHILUVWDQGLWLVDJLYHQ7KHRSHUDWRUVFRPHODWHU DQGWKHLUUROHLVIOH[LEOHDQG³WREHGHWHUPLQHG',QVXPPDU\$3FRQILUPVWKDW
0U6WHSKHQ.XF]\QVNL 2FWREHU
3DJH7ZR BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
,DGGUHVVWKHRSHUDWLRQDOLVVXHVILUVWDQGDVHSDUDWHHQJLQHHULQJLVVXHVHFRQGNHHSLQJLQ PLQGWKDWWKHFRPELQHGOLFHQVLQJSURFHVVRI$3QRORQJHUVHSDUDWHVWKHP
D 7KHRSHUDWLRQDOLVVXHV
,QDIWHURXULQYROYHPHQWDW70,DWHDPFRQVLVWLQJRI(%$6&2HQJLQHHUVDQGP\VHOI GHYHORSHG DQG DGYRFDWHG DW WKH 15& DQ HQJLQHHULQJ GULYHQ G\QDPLF DQDO\VLV RI HPHUJHQF\
RSHUDWLRQVDQGWUDLQLQJ$WWKDWWLPH DVLOOXVWUDWHGEHORZ15&KDGDOUHDG\\HWRQO\EHJXQ WRUHDOL]HDOOWKHLPSOLFDWLRQVLWKDGGUDZQIURP70,
6HHHJ185(*$SS$ Final Recommendations of TMI-2 Lessons Learned Task Force
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
$FFHSWLQJ WKH SUHPLVH WKDW WKHUH LV D QHHG WR LQFUHDVH RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQ RI RSHUDWLRQDOVDIHW\WZRSRVVLEOHJRDOVEHFRPHFOHDUUHGXFHFKDOOHQJHVWRWKHSODQW VDIHW\ V\VWHPV DQG SURYLGH PD[LPXP FDSDELOLW\WR PLWLJDWH WKH FKDOOHQJHV WKDW LQHYLWDEO\ RFFXU 5HGXFWLRQ RI FKDOOHQJHV WR V\VWHPV QRW RQO\ IURP UHOLDEOH RSHUDWLRQ LWVHOI WKXV DYRLGLQJ RIIQRUPDO VLWXDWLRQV EXW DOVR IURP UHFRJQL]LQJ SUHFXUVRUVWRRIIQRUPDORSHUDWLRQDQGQHXWUDOL]LQJWKHPEHIRUHWKH\GHYHORSLQWR
RUUHFXUXQGHUGLIIHUHQWFLUFXPVWDQFHVDVGLUHFWFKDOOHQJHVWRSODQWVDIHW\V\VWHPV
Proper operator reaction to challenges requires sufficient understanding of the plant design and its dynamic response to upset conditions, to diagnose the problem, to recognize when the plant safety systems are functioning effectively, and, in situations where they are not, to take additional corrective actions, including utilization of all available plant systems, to minimize the consequences. Attendant to these functions is assurance at all times that the status of plant systems is known and that the systems are in their required configuration.
The complementary goals of reducing the rate of challenges, and maximizing the response to challenges can be achieved through a vigorous commitment to improve the various elements of what can be thought of as an operations matrix for normal and emergency operations.
0U6WHSKHQ.XF]\QVNL 2FWREHU
3DJH7KUHH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB This matrix encompasses [1] personnel qualifications, training, and procedures; [2]
the personnel environment, including-staffing and the design of the man-machine interface; [3] provisions for verification of correct performance of operating activities and feedback of operating experience; and [4] commitment by management to operational safety through personal responsibility and accountability. Attainment of requisite performance levels throughout the matrix, and integration with plant design, may change today's frequently asked question of how to account for operator error to the question of how much credit to allow for operator action.
Id.DWS HPSKDVLVDGGHG
1RWH>@>@DQGRQFUHGLWIRURSHUDWRUDFWLRQILUVWLQWHJUDWLRQZLWKSODQWGHVLJQVHFRQG
%\FRPSDULVRQsee next15&,QVSHFWLRQ0DQXDO3DUWOperability Determinations
& Functionality Assessments for Resolution of Degraded or Nonconforming Conditions Adverse to Quality or Safety
$XWRPDWLFDFWLRQLVIUHTXHQWO\SURYLGHGDVDGHVLJQIHDWXUHVSHFLILFWRHDFK66&
>VWUXFWXUHVV\VWHPVDQGFRPSRQHQWV@WRHQVXUHWKDWVSHFLILHGVDIHW\IXQFWLRQVZLOO EHDFFRPSOLVKHG/LPLWLQJVDIHW\V\VWHPVHWWLQJVIRUQXFOHDUUHDFWRUVDUHGHILQHG LQ &)5 3DUW 7HFKQLFDO 6SHFLILFDWLRQV DV VHWWLQJV IRU DXWRPDWLF SURWHFWLYH GHYLFHV UHODWHG WR WKRVH YDULDEOHV KDYLQJ VLJQLILFDQW VDIHW\ IXQFWLRQV
- KHUHDOLPLWLQJVDIHW\V\VWHPVHWWLQJLVVSHFLILHGIRUDYDULDEOHRQZKLFKDVDIHW\
OLPLWKDVEHHQSODFHGWKHVHWWLQJPXVWEHVRFKRVHQWKDWDXWRPDWLFSURWHFWLYHDFWLRQ ZLOOFRUUHFWWKHDEQRUPDOVLWXDWLRQEHIRUHDVDIHW\OLPLWLVH[FHHGHGAccordingly, it is not appropriate to consider SSCs operable by taking credit for manual action in place of automatic action for protection of safety limits. 7KLVGRHVQRWIRUELGRSHUDWRU DFWLRQWRSXWWKHSODQWLQDVDIHFRQGLWLRQEXWRSHUDWRUDFWLRQFDQQRWEHDVXEVWLWXWH IRUDXWRPDWLFVDIHW\OLPLWSURWHFWLRQ
&UHGLWIRUPDQXDOLQLWLDWLRQRIDVSHFLILHGVDIHW\IXQFWLRQVKRXOGEHHVWDEOLVKHGDV SDUWRIWKHOLFHQVLQJUHYLHZRIDIDFLOLW\$OWKRXJKWKHOLFHQVLQJRIVSHFLILFIDFLOLW\
GHVLJQVLQFOXGHVFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIDXWRPDWLFDQGPDQXDODFWLRQLQWKHSHUIRUPDQFH RI VSHFLILHG VDIHW\ IXQFWLRQV QRW DOO FRPELQDWLRQV RI FLUFXPVWDQFHV KDYH EHHQ UHYLHZHGIURPDQRSHUDELOLW\VWDQGSRLQW)RUVLWXDWLRQVZKHUHVXEVWLWXWLRQRIPDQXDO DFWLRQ IRU DXWRPDWLF DFWLRQ LV SURSRVHG IRU DQ RSHUDELOLW\ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ WKH HYDOXDWLRQ RI PDQXDO DFWLRQ PXVW IRFXV RQ WKH SK\VLFDO GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ DXWRPDWLFDQGPDQXDODFWLRQDQGWKHDELOLW\RIWKHPDQXDODFWLRQWRDFFRPSOLVKWKH VSHFLILHGVDIHW\IXQFWLRQRUIXQFWLRQV
0U6WHSKHQ.XF]\QVNL 2FWREHU
3DJH)RXU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 7KH SK\VLFDO GLIIHUHQFHV WR EH FRQVLGHUHG LQFOXGH WKH DELOLW\ WR UHFRJQL]H LQSXW VLJQDOVIRUDFWLRQUHDG\DFFHVVWRRUUHFRJQLWLRQRIVHWSRLQWVGHVLJQQXDQFHVWKDW PD\FRPSOLFDWHVXEVHTXHQWPDQXDORSHUDWLRQ VXFKDVDXWRUHVHWUHSRVLWLRQLQJRQ WHPSHUDWXUHRUSUHVVXUH WLPLQJUHTXLUHGIRUDXWRPDWLFDFWLRQPLQLPXPVWDIILQJ UHTXLUHPHQWVDQGHPHUJHQF\RSHUDWLQJSURFHGXUHVZULWWHQIRUWKHDXWRPDWLFPRGH RIRSHUDWLRQThe licensee should have written procedures in place and personnel should be trained on the procedures before any manual action is substituted for the loss of an automatic action.
The assignment of a dedicated operator for a manual action requires written procedures and full consideration of all pertinent differences.
Id. DWSS&DQGII HPSKDVLVDGGHG
1H[W,ZRXOGFRPSDUHWKH15&LQYHVWLJDWLYHDQGGHVLJQPHWKRGRORJLHVZLWK,$($
7(&'2& Analysis phase of systematic approach to training (SAT) for nuclear plant personnel
- KDWZHZLOOQRZVHHEHORZLVWKHLQYHVWLJDWLYHDQGGHVLJQPHWKRGRORJ\ i.e.WKH³DQDO\VLV SKDVH'RIWKH³6\VWHPDWLF$SSURDFKWR7UDLQLQJ',WUHOLHVSULQFLSDOO\RQ-RE7DVN$QDO\VLV -7$
7KHWUDGLWLRQDO-7$PHWKRGcan be used for any job at a plant7KLVPHWKRGRI-7$
LV EHVW XVHG IRU operating, maintenance, and technician MREV ,Q JHQHUDO WKLV PHWKRGUHVXOWVLQDJRRGLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIQHFHVVDU\MREVNLOOVORZHUOHYHOFRJQLWLYH NQRZOHGJH REMHFWLYHV DQG D YHU\ JRRG OLQNDJH WR SHUIRUPDQFHEDVHG WUDLQLQJ REMHFWLYHV
,GDWS HPSKDVLVDGGHG
7KH -7$ DQG -&$ WUDGLWLRQDO PHWKRGV GHVFULEHG DERYH FDQ EH YHU\ UHVRXUFH LQWHQVLYH,QUHVSRQVHWRWKLVFRQFHUQ³WDEOHWRS'PHWKRGVKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHG
7DEOHWRSDQDO\VLVLVDSURFHVVWKHVXFFHVVRIZKLFKGHSHQGVXSRQDVPDOOWHDP RI60(V>6XEMHFW0DWWHU([SHUWV@DQGDIDFLOLWDWRUWRUHDFKFRQVHQVXVRQMREQHHGV
7DEOHWRSPHWKRGVFDQEHYHU\HIIHFWLYHLQTXLFNO\GHWHUPLQLQJDWUHDVRQDEOHFRVWV
WKHWDVNVRUDFWLYLWLHVWKDWPXVWEHSHUIRUPHGE\SHUVRQVHPSOR\HGLQDSDUWLFXODU MRE7DEOHWRSDQDO\VLVPHWKRGVRSHUDWHRQWKHIROORZLQJWKUHHSUHPLVHV
S ([SHUWZRUNHUVDUHEHWWHUDEOHWRGHVFULEHDQGGHILQHWKHLUMREWKDQ DQ\RQHHOVH
S $Q\MREFDQEHHIIHFWLYHO\GHVFULEHGLQWHUPVRIWKHWDVNVRUDFWLYLWLHV WKDWVXFFHVVIXOSHUVRQQHOSHUIRUPLQWKDWMRE
0U6WHSKHQ.XF]\QVNL 2FWREHU
3DJH)LYH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB S $OO WDVNV RU DFWLYLWLHV KDYH GLUHFW LPSOLFDWLRQV IRU WKH NQRZOHGJH
VNLOOVDQGDWWLWXGHVWKDWSHUVRQQHOPXVWKDYHLQRUGHUWRSHUIRUPWKH WDVNVVDIHO\DQGFRUUHFWO\
Id.DWS HPSKDVLVDGGHG
$VIDUDV,FDQGHWHUPLQHWKH,$($DSSURDFKUHPDLQVRSHUDWLYHLQWKHLQGXVWU\7KXV,
FRQFOXGHWKHIROORZLQJZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKH6$7
7KH ³6\VWHPDWLF $SSURDFK WR 7UDLQLQJ' FRQWHQGV LW FDQ EH XVHG IRU ³DQ\ MRE' ZKHWKHURSHUDWLQJPDLQWHQDQFHRUWHFKQLFLDQ7KLVIOLHVLQWKHIDFHRIWKHUHDOWLPHGHPDQGVRI QXFOHDUSODQWRSHUDWRUVLQHPHUJHQFLHVWKDWDUHQRWIDFHGE\PDLQWHQDQFHRUWHFKQLFDOSHUVRQQHO
:KHUHRSHUDWLRQV HVSHFLDOO\HPHUJHQF\GULYHQRSHUDWLRQV DUHFRQFHUQHGWKHQRWLRQ WKDW ³>H@[SHUW ZRUNHUV DUH EHWWHU DEOH WR GHVFULEH DQG GHILQH WKHLU MRE WKDQ DQ\RQH HOVH' LV D UHJUHVVLRQWRSUH7KUHH0LOH,VODQGWKLQNDQGSUDFWLFH+/-DQGLQGLFDWLYHRIZHOONQRZQRSHUDWLRQVYV
HQJLQHHULQJWXUIFRQIOLFWVZLWKLQWKHXWLOLW\LQGXVWU\
& $3(UD,VVXHV0HWKRGRORJ\DQG3ODQW'HVLJQ 7KH$3FRPELQHGOLFHQVHFKDQJHVWKLVDSSURDFKIURPWKH6\VWHPDWLF$SSURDFKWR 7UDLQLQJ 6$7 WRD+XPDQ)DFWRUV(QJLQHHULQJ +)( SURJUDP,WLVIRXQGDW$3'HVLJQ
&RQWURO'RFXPHQW5HY&KDSWHU+XPDQ)DFWRUV(QJLQHHULQJ0/$SGI
7KHHVVHQWLDOGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKH6$7XVHGE\,132DQGFXUUHQWO\E\WKH15&DQGWKH
- HVWLQJKRXVHFRPELQHGOLFHQVHDSSURDFKGHYHORSHGIRU:HVWLQJKRXVHE\%URRNKDYHQ1DWLRQDO
/DERUDWRULHV %1/ LVVHHQDVIROORZV
+XPDQ)DFWRUV(QJLQHHULQJ 7KHGHVLJQRIWKHSODQWV\VWHPVLVDQHVVHQWLDOLQSXWWRWKHKXPDQV\VWHPLQWHUIDFH GHVLJQSURFHVV7KHSK\VLFDOLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVSHFLILFDWLRQVDVZHOODVWKHV\VWHPV GHVLJQHU¶VLQWHQWZLWKUHJDUGWRH[SHFWHGV\VWHPVRSHUDWLRQDQGSHUIRUPDQFHDUH XVHGDVLQSXWWRWKHGHVLJQRIWKH$3KXPDQV\VWHPLQWHUIDFHV6\VWHPGHVLJQ GDWDDUHGRFXPHQWHGLQWKHLQGLYLGXDOV\VWHPVSHFLILFDWLRQGRFXPHQWV7KHLQSXW UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH SODQW¶V SK\VLFDO VWUXFWXUH LV UHSUHVHQWHG E\ WKH SLSLQJ DQG LQVWUXPHQWDWLRQGUDZLQJVJHQHUDODUUDQJHPHQWGUDZLQJVDQGHTXLSPHQWGUDZLQJV
System design specifications include specifications with respect to function allocation between automated systems and human operators.
0U6WHSKHQ.XF]\QVNL 2FWREHU
3DJH6L[
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 7KHV\VWHPGHVLJQVSHFLILFDWLRQVLQGLFDWHZKLFKIXQFWLRQVDUHWREHDXWRPDWHG
ZKLFKDUHWREHPDQXDODQGZKLFKUHTXLUHMRLQWLQSXWRISHUVRQDQGPDFKLQH,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH V\VWHP GHVLJQ VSHFLILFDWLRQV LQGLFDWH WKH VHW RI LQVWUXPHQWV DQG FRQWUROVWKDWDUHLPSOHPHQWHGLQWKH$3
7KH $3 IXQFWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQWV DQDO\VLV DQG IXQFWLRQ DOORFDWLRQ GRFXPHQW 5HIHUHQFH SURYLGHVLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHDSSURDFKWRLQLWLDOIXQFWLRQDOORFDWLRQDQG SUHVHQWVWKHUHVXOWVIRU$3VDIHW\IXQFWLRQV7KHUHVXOWVLQFOXGHDVSHFLILFDWLRQ RIOHYHORIDXWRPDWLRQDQGSHUVRQQHO UHVSRQVLELOLW\IRU$3 VDIHW\IXQFWLRQV
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
,QWHJUDWHG V\VWHP YDOLGDWLRQ LV XVHG WR HVWDEOLVK WKH DGHTXDF\ RI WKH IXQFWLRQ DOORFDWLRQXVLQJPDQLQWKHORRSWHVWVLQG\QDPLFVLPXODWHGSODQWFRQGLWLRQV
0/$SGISS HPSKDVLVDGGHG
7KHHVVHQWLDOGLIIHUHQFHWKDW$3EULQJVWRWUDLQLQJDQGSURFHGXUHGHVLJQLVWKHQRWLRQ WKDW LQWHJUDWHG UROHV DUH ³DVVLJQHG' WR WKH RSHUDWRU EDVHG D ³IXQFWLRQDO WDVN DOORFDWLRQ' DQG D
³IXQFWLRQDOWDVNDQDO\VLV'7KHRSHUDWRUVMREVDUHGHVLJQHGIRUWKHPLQDPDQQHUQRWXQOLNHZKDW KDVRFFXUUHGLQWKHDLUFUDIWLQGXVWU\ZKHUHIO\E\ZLUHGLVWULEXWHGFRQWUROV\VWHPVKDYHFKDQJHG PRGHUQMHWDLUFUDIWFRFNSLWFRQILJXUDWLRQIURPWKUHHWRWZRPDNLQJFRPSXWHUVWKH)OLJKW(QJLQHHU
7KHIDFWWKDWDQ³DSSURDFK'LV³V\VWHPDWLF'GRHVQRWWDNHLQWRDFFRXQWWKHSKHQRPHQRQ NQRZQDV*,*2 JDUEDJHLQJDUEDJHRXW 7KLVGRHVQRWPHDQWKDWRSHUDWRUIHHGEDFNLQWRWKH RSHUDWLRQDOPDWUL[LVZLWKRXWYDOXH7RWKHFRQWUDU\RQFHDSUHOLPLQDU\RSHUDWLRQDOPDWUL[RISODQW V\VWHPVGHVLJQMREGHVLJQSURFHGXUHGHVLJQDQGWUDLQLQJGHVLJQDUHDFFRPSOLVKHGDQGVXEMHFWHG WR ULVN DVVHVVPHQW DQG UHDOWLPH VLPXODWLRQ E\ WKH HQJLQHHULQJ DQG KXPDQ IDFWRUV GLVFLSOLQHV
RSHUDWRUVSURYLGHLQYDOXDEOHIHHGEDFNLQWRWKHUHDOWLPH³KXPDQIDFWRUV'WKDWRQO\WKH\H[SHULHQFH
7KH\VKRXOGQRWKRZHYHUEHHQFRXUDJHGE\-7$LQWRWKLQNLQJWKH\DUHWKHSULQFLSDOGHVLJQHUVRI WKHLURZQMREV,$($DQG,132DUHEHKLQGWKH$3FXUYHRQWKLVPDWWHULQP\RSLQLRQ7KH H[WHQWWRZKLFKWKH([HFXWLYH'LUHFWRUDWHRI2SHUDWLRQVDWWKH15&XQGHUVWDQGVWKLVIXQGDPHQWDO VKLIWLQPHWKRGRORJ\IURP-RE7DVN$QDO\VLV -7$ WR+)(-RE'HVLJQLVXQNQRZQ
0U6WHSKHQ.XF]\QVNL 2FWREHU
3DJH6HYHQ BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
- KDWZHGRNQRZLVWKDWWKHUHLVD³0HPRUDQGXPRI$JUHHPHQW'EHWZHHQ15&DQG,132 GDWHG'HFHPEHU+RZHYHU³>7KH@0HPRUDQGXPLVQRWLQWHQGHGWREHDQHQIRUFHDEOH DJUHHPHQWRUFRQWUDFWRQHLWKHUSDUW\QRWZLWKVWDQGLQJWKHRFFDVLRQDOXVHRIWKHWHUP³DJUHH'RUWKH XVHRIPDQGDWRU\ODQJXDJHVXFKDV³VKDOO'RU³ZLOO'LQHLWKHUWKH0HPRUDQGXPRULWVDSSHQGLFHV'
Id.DWS)URPDOHJDOSHUVSHFWLYHIRUDQDJUHHPHQWWREHDQDJUHHPHQWLWPXVWEHHQIRUFHDEOH
7KLVDSSHDUVWREHD0HPRUDQGXPRI9ROXQWDU\&RRSHUDWLRQLQZKLFK³VKDOO'UHDOO\PHDQV³VKRXOG' DQG³ZLOO'UHDOO\PHDQV³PD\'+/-SUHFDWRU\ODQJXDJH7KHDJUHHPHQWDQGLWVDSSHQGLFHVUHSHDWHGO\
UHIHUWR³LQGXVWU\RSHUDWLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQH[SHULHQFH'EXWWKHUHLVQRUHIHUHQFHZKDWVRHYHUWR
³HQJLQHHULQJ'RU³GHVLJQ'$WSDU E $SS,³15&DQG,132DJUHHWKDWWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRI IHHGEDFNLVGHSHQGHQWRQDSURSHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHVLJQLILFDQWOHVVRQVOHDUQHGIURPLQGXVWU\
RSHUDWLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQH[SHULHQFH'%XWWKHQDJDLQDVQRWHGDERYH³DJUHH'GRHVQRWUHDOO\
PHDQ³DJUHH',QP\RSLQLRQWKLVHYLGHQFHVWKHQHHGIRUFOHDUKHDGHGFDXWLRQLQGHDOLQJZLWKHLWKHU WKH15&2SHUDWLRQV'LUHFWRUDWHRU,132,QWKLVUHJDUGsee Public Citizen v. NRC et al.)G
'&&LU 15&RUGHUHGE\&RQJUHVVWRLVVXHILUPUHJXODWLRQVQRWJXLGDQFH
,PSOLFDWLRQV RI WKH $3 +XPDQ )DFWRUV (QJLQHHULQJ +)( XSRQ RSHUDWLRQV
,EHOLHYHZHDUHDWDUHQDLVVDQFHSRLQWLQWKHQXFOHDULQGXVWU\ZLWKWKH:HVWLQJKRXVH$3
LQZKLFK6RXWKHUQ1XFOHDU:HVWLQJKRXVHDQG%HFKWHODUHFHQWHUVWDJH,QRWHWKDWWKH$3
+XPDQ)DFWRUV(QJLQHHULQJ +)( GHVLJQPHWKRGRORJ\ZDVODUJHO\FUDIWHGIRU:HVWLQJKRXVHE\
%URRNKDYHQ1DWLRQDO/DEZKLFKWHOOVPHWKDW:HVWLQJKRXVHKDVXVHGDHURVSDFHPHWKRGRORJ\WRIXOO HIIHFWSDUWLFXODUO\ZKHUH%1/XVHVDPHWKRGRORJ\FDOOHG³WDVNDVVLJQPHQW'WRGLVWLQJXLVKWKRVH WDVNVWKDWWKHSODQW¶V(QJLQHHUHG6DIHJXDUGV)HDWXUHV (6) SHUIRUPIURPWKRVHRIWKHRSHUDWRU
7KH+)(3URJUDPLVIRXQGLQ&KDSWHU/HYHORIWKH'HVLJQ&RQWURO'RFXPHQW5HY
IRXQGDW0/$SGI
$3SODQWGHVLJQFKDQJHVWKDWDIIHFWPRUHWKDQRSHUDWLRQV
6LQFHSODQWGHVLJQFRQVLGHUDWLRQVQRZGULYHWKH+)(SURJUDPi.e.RSHUDWLRQVWKHUHLVDW OHDVWRQHGHVLJQFRQVLGHUDWLRQWKDW,EHOLHYHGHPDQGVDWWHQWLRQIRUOHJDOUHDVRQVTXLWHLQGHSHQGHQW IURP LWV HIIHFW RQ $3 RSHUDWLRQV 7KH VXPPDU\ WR ZKLFK , ZLOO UHIHU LV IRXQG DW 0/$SGI,WLVDSDJHGRFXPHQW)RUFRQYHQLHQFHSOHDVHILQGDWWDFKHGSSDQG
,WLV7LHUPDWHULDOIURPWKH$3'HVLJQ&RQWURO'RFXPHQW5HY³,QWURGXFWLRQDQG
- HQHUDO'HVFULSWLRQRI3ODQW'
7KLVPDWHULDOKDVOHJDOVLJQLILFDQFHLQP\RSLQLRQVLQFHLWFDXVHVFRPSDULVRQVWREHPDGH EHWZHHQWKH$3GHVLJQDQGLWVSUHGHFHVVRUVWZRRIZKLFKDUH9RJWOHDQGZKLFKLQUHDOLW\
DUHSK\VLFDOO\MX[WDSRVHGRQWKHVDPHVLWH7KDWLVOHJDOO\VLJQLILFDQWDVGLVFXVVHGEHORZ
0U6WHSKHQ.XF]\QVNL 2FWREHU
3DJH(LJKW BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB SeeSDUDWS7KUHH0LOH,VODQG,VVXHV,WUXQVIURP L RQSDJHWR
YLL DW,WDGGUHVVHV70,,VVXHVDQGVROLFLWVD:HVWLQJKRXVH³$35HVSRQVH'IRU HDFKRIWKHLVVXHV7KH$35HVSRQVHWRD70,,VVXHLQHYLWDEO\GUDZVFRPSDULVRQVEHWZHHQ
$3DQGLWVSUHGHFHVVRUVZKLFKLQFOXGH\RXUSODQWVDW)DUOH\+DWFKDQG9RJWOHDQG
7KHLWHPWKDWFDXJKWP\DWWHQWLRQLV LY $XWRPDWLF3RZHU2SHUDWHG5HOLHI9DOYH
,VRODWLRQ6\VWHP 185(*,WHP,,. 7KH3259ZKLFKIDLOHGWRUHVHDWZDVRQHRI WKH% :GHVLJQIHDWXUHVWKDWSOD\HGDVLJQLILFDQWUROHDW70,
7KH70,$FFLGHQWZDVSUHFLSLWDWHGE\DQDX[LOLDU\IHHGZDWHUDQRPDO\ZKLFKFDXVHGWKH SODQWWRWULSRIIOLQHDQG6&5$0IURPDIXOOSRZHUORVVRIHOHFWULFDOORDG7KDW&RQGLWLRQ,,ORVVRI ORDGWUDQVLHQWWKHQFDOOHGLQWRSOD\WKHDELOLW\RIWKH% :GHVLJQWRKDQGOHWKDWWUDQVLHQW7RRXU DPD]HPHQWDWWKHWLPHWKH% :GHVLJQDSSDUHQWO\GLGQRWSRVVHVVDQLQWULQVLFKHDWVLQNWRKDQGOH WKDWWUDQVLHQWDQGWKXVDFWXDWLRQRIWKH3259ZDVDQH[SHFWHGRFFXUUHQFHDQGLWVIDLOXUHWRUHVHDW FDXVHGWKHRSHUDWRUHUURURIRYHUULGLQJ2))WKH+3&,V\VWHP:KDWLVQRWDEOHLVWKDWWKH$3
5HVSRQVHWRWKDWLWHPQRWRQO\DGGUHVVHVWKH3259EXWWKHLQWULQVLFKHDWVLQNRIWKH% :GHVLJQ WKXVO\
7KH $3 GHVLJQ GRHV QRW LQFOXGH SRZHURSHUDWHG UHOLHI YDOYHV 2YHUSUHVVXUH SURWHFWLRQLVSURYLGHGE\WZRWRWDOO\HQFORVHGSRSW\SHVDIHW\YDOYHV
,QWKHHOOLSVLV DUHZKDWDSSHDUWREHDVWULQJRIVHQWHQFHVWKDWJREH\RQGWKH3259
7KH 3UHVVXUL]HU YROXPH LV DERXW 40 percent larger than the pressurizer volume in current plants with a comparable rating. 7KHODUJHUSUHVVXUL]HU LQFUHDVHVWUDQVLHQWRSHUDWLRQPDUJLQVDQGSUHYHQWVVDIHW\YDOYHDFWXDWLRQLQ PRVWDFFLGHQWVLWXDWLRQV7KHSUHVVXUL]HUVXUJHOLQHLVDOVRODUJHUWRSHUPLW DPRUHUDSLGWUDQVIHURIFRRODQWEHWZHHQWKHUHDFWRUFRRODQWV\VWHPDQGWKH SUHVVXUL]HUDQGDOVRWRDFFRPPRGDWHWKHILUVWWRWKLUGVWDJHIORZUDWHV7KH VXUJH OLQH OLPLWV WKH SUHVVXUH GURS GXULQJ PD[LPXP DQWLFLSDWHG VXUJH
&RQGLWLRQ ,, ORVV RI ORDG WUDQVLHQW WR SUHYHQW H[FHHGLQJ UHDFWRU FRRODQW V\VWHPSUHVVXUHOLPLW
Id. HPSKDVLVDGGHG
7KLVFRPPHQWEHJVWKHTXHVWLRQ ³$UH WKH SUHVVXUL]HU YROXPHV LQFXUUHQWSODQWVZLWK D FRPSDUDEOHUDWLQJSHUFHQWXQGHUVL]HGWRKDQGOHD&RQGLWLRQ,,ORVVRIORDGWUDQVLHQW",WLVD UHOHYDQWTXHVWLRQLQDVPXFKDVWKH9RJWOHDQGFRPSDQLRQVWRWKH$39RJWOHDQGDUH
³SODQWVZLWKDFRPSDUDEOHUDWLQJ'2QILUVWLPSUHVVLRQP\WKRXJKWVZHQWWRWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ WKH% :LQWULQVLFKHDWVLQNDQGWKH:HVWLQJKRXVH9RJWOHDQGLQWULQVLFKHDWVLQN:DVWKH FRPPHQWJOREDO"'LGLWDSSO\HTXDOO\WRWKH:HVWLQJKRXVHDQG% :GHVLJQV"
0U6WHSKHQ.XF]\QVNL 2FWREHU
3DJH1LQH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 8SRQFORVHUH[DPLQDWLRQRIWKHGRFXPHQW,ILQGWKDWHOVHZKHUHLQWKH:HVWLQJKRXVH$3
FRPPHQWV:HVWLQJKRXVHGLVWLQJXLVKHVWKH$3IURP%:5VSeeSDU Y LPPHGLDWHO\
IROORZLQJ7KDWLVQRVXUSULVHVLQFH$3DQG%:5VDUHDQDSSOHVDQGRUDQJHVFRPSDULVRQ
+RZHYHU see also SDU [YL DW S (&&6 $FWXDWLRQ &\FOHV 185(* ,WHP
,,( 7KH$35HVSRQVH
7KLVLVVXHLVDSSOLFDEOHWR%DEFRFNDQG:LOFR[GHVLJQVRQO\
- K\WKHQZDVWKHFRPPHQWDERXWFRPSDUDWLYHSUHVVXUL]HUYROXPHVPDGHJOREDOO\DQGQRW FLUFXPVFULEHGWR% :",GRQRWNQRZWKHDQVZHUWRWKDWTXHVWLRQ%XW,GRNQRZWKDWHYHU\
TXHVWLRQWKDWLQYROYHVSODQWVDIHW\LVDWULSWRWKH&RPPLVVLRQDWWKHYHU\OHDVWHYHQLQSRWHQWLDORU WKHRUHWLFDO VFHQDULRFDVHV,QWKHHYHQWRIDQ\DFWXDOLQFLGHQWWKDWLVLQDQ\ZD\³LQH[WULFDEO\
LQWHUWZLQHG'ZLWKWKHLQWULQVLFKHDWVLQNRID9RJWOHDQGFRPSDUDEO\UDWHGSODQWLWLVDNH\WRWKH GRRURIDIHGHUDOFRXUWKRXVH)XUWKHULQWKHHYHQWRIDQDFWXDO9RJWOHRULQFLGHQWZKHUHDQ\
OHJDOO\ FRJQL]DEOH GDPDJHV DUH LQYROYHG WKH MX[WDSRVLWLRQ RI DQG ZLWK DQG FUHDWHV D FRORUDEOHFDVHIRUSXQLWLYHGDPDJHVEDVHGXSRQ³DFWXDONQRZOHGJH'ZKLFKLQPRVWMXULVGLFWLRQV RYHUFRPHVWKHLQDGPLVVDELOLW\RIHYLGHQFHRI³SRVWDFFLGHQWPRGLILFDWLRQ'
$WWKLVSRLQWXQGRXEWHGO\WKRXJKWVRI³W\SLFDOODZ\HUWKLQNLQJ'FRPHWRPLQG,RZQWKDW
%XWLVQ¶WWKDWSUHFLVHO\ZKDWZHGRLQSUREDELOLVWLFULVNDVVHVVPHQW,WLVZKDWWKH(%$6&2³VNXQN ZRUNV'WHDPWDXJKWPHEDFNLQWKHHDUO\V
,ILQGLWQRWHZRUWK\WKDW$5(9$DQ(')VSLQRIIKDVUHGHVLJQHGWKHRULJLQDOFRQWUROV\VWHP DWWKHWKUHH2FRQHHXQLWVLQWRGLVWULEXWHGFRQWUROV\VWHPV:KHWKHUWKLVZDVGRQHDVDZRUNDURXQG WRWKHLQDGHTXDF\RIWKH% :LQWULQVLFKHDWVLQNWRKDQGOHD&RQGLWLRQ,,ORVVRIORDGWUDQVLHQW,
GR QRW NQRZ %XW LW GRHV WHOO XV WKDW %URRNKDYHQ 1DWLRQDO /DEV %1/ LV DQRWKHU SOD\HU LQ GLVWULEXWHGFRQWUROV\VWHPVIRUQXFOHDUSODQWV
+DYLQJZULWWHQDWVRPHOHQJWK,UHLWHUDWHP\FRPPLWPHQWWRQXFOHDUSRZHUWKDWEHJDQWKLV OHWWHU%XWWKHUHLVPRUHWRWKLVHIIRUWWKDQWKDW+DYLQJUHFHQWO\OLYHGWKURXJKDUDLQVWRUPRYHU
+RXVWRQFDOOHG+DUYH\1XFOHDU3RZHULQP\RSLQLRQLVQRZDcriticalHQYLURQPHQWDOQHFHVVLW\
7KLVLVDVHFRQGFKDQFH7KLVWLPHZHDOOQHHGWRJHWLWULJKW
9HU\WUXO\\RXUV
VDaniel J. Shea
'$1,(/-6+($