ML20247E572
| ML20247E572 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Seabrook  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1988 |
| From: | Feigenbaum T PUBLIC SERVICE CO. OF NEW HAMPSHIRE |
| To: | Landry T ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY |
| References | |
| NYE-89041, NUDOCS 8907260223 | |
| Download: ML20247E572 (703) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:_ _ _ . _ NewLHampshire , e Ted C. Feigenbaum Vice President NYE- 89041 July 20, 1989 Mr. T.'E. Landry Permit Compliance Branch Environmental Protection Agency John F. Kennedy Building Boston, MA 02203 Subjects Secbrook Station NPDES Permit NH0020338 - Seabrook Station 1988 I Environmental Studies Data Report
Dear. Sir:
'j As required by Part I, Sectica A.11(e) of the Seabrook Station NPDL3 ;
permit, enclosed for your use is the Seabrook Station Environmental Studies , 1988 Data Report. i Should you have any questions regarding this document, please contact Mr. Kenneth lf. Dow at (603) 474 9521, extension 2403. Very truly yours, [/b Ted C. Feigenbrum 4 " Enclosure cci Mr. J. Andrews Industrial Permits Section State of New Hampshire Departaent of Environmental Services Water Supply & Pollution Control Division P.O. Box 95 ! 6 Hazen Drive l Concord, NH 03301 i Dr. D. Normandeau New Hampshire Fish & Game Department 34 Bridge Street W(
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Concord. NH 03301 j B907260223 881231 P gDR ADOCK 05000443 PNV l i
.New Hampshire Yankee Division of Public Service Company of New Hampshire P.O. Box 300
- Seabrook, NH 03874
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SEABROOK~ ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES l
.1988 DATA REPORT TECHNICAL REPORT XX-1 i Prepared for PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW HAMPSHIRE YANKEE DIVISION i
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'I; Prepared by .;
NORMANDEAU AS3OCIATES, INC. 25 Nashua Road j' Bedford,-New Hampshire 03102 i ! l l R-1172' Hay 1989 . 4
I i l 1 i TABLE OF CONTENTS l I PAGE 1
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
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2.0 FINFISH. . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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2.1 ICHTHYOPLANKTON . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. 3 2.1.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . 3 2.1.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.2 Results. . . . . . , . . . . . . . .. . . . 5 2.2 ADULT FINFISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.1.1 Beach Seines. . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.1.2 Gill Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.1.3 Otter Trawls. . . . . . . . . . . 9 I l 2.2.1.4 Sample Analysis / Data Compilation. . 10 2.2.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ) i l 1 3.0 PLANKTON . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1 ZOOPLANKTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 i 3.1.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . . 15 l 3.1.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . . . . . . . 15 3.1.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.2 BIVALVE LARVAE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.2.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 19 3.2.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . .. . . . . 19 3.2.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . .. . . . . 19 3.2.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 20 fik i
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i 1 1 i i PAGE l l 1 3.3 NONARUS ANERICANUS (LOBSTER) LARVAE . . . . . . . . 21 ' 3.3.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 l 3.3.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.3.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . . . . . . . 21 i 3.3.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.0 BENT 110S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 l I 4.1 ESTUARINE MACROFAUNA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1 1 4.1.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 l 4.1.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . 23 , l 4.1.1.2 Laboratory Analysis . . . . . . . 23 i i 4.1.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 J i 4.2 MARINE MACROFAUNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 l 1 1 4.2.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1 4.2.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . .. . . . 27 4.2.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . . . . . . . 30 4.2.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 ! l 4.3 MARINE MACR 0 ALGAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 l 4.3.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.3.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.3.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . . . . . . . 38 i 4.3.1.3 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.3.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.4 SURFACE FOULING PANELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.4.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.4.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.4.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . . . . . . . 46 4.4.2 Results. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 iv
PAGE i 4.5 SELECTED BENTHIC SPECIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 l 4.5.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.5.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.5.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . . . . . . 51 4.5.2 Rer.ults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.6 EPIBENTHIC CRUSTACEANS. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 57 4.6.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 l 4.6.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.6.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . . . . . . . 58 l l 4.6.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.7 MYA ARENARIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.7.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.7.1.1 Spat and Adult Survey . . . . . . . 61 4.7.1.2 Spat Survey - Fixed-Stations. . . . 62 q 4.7.1.3 Clammer Counts. . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.7.1.4 PSP Toxicity Levels . . . . . . . 63 4.7.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5.0 WATER QUALITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.1 MARINE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.1.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.1.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . . 69 l 5.1.1.2 Laboratory Methods. . . . . . . . . 69 5.1.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.2 ESTUARINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 5.2.1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.2.1.1 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . . 73 l 5.2.1.2 Laboratory Analysis . . . . . . . . 73 l l 5.2.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 l 1 v l l
i a 4 1 PAGE j 1 75 6.0 SUMMARv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) l 6.1 ICHTHYOPLANKTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 6.2 ADULT FINFISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 l 6.3 ZOOPLANKTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 6.3.1 Macrozooplankton . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 6.4 BIVALVE LARVA'E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 l l 6.5 EONARUS ANERICANUS (LOBSTER) LARVAE . . . . . . . . 91 6.6 ESTUARINE MACROFAUNA. . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 6.7 MARINE MACROFAUNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 1 6.8 MARINE MACROALGAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 I 6.9 SURFACE PANELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 6.10 SELECTED BENTHIC SPECIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 ) J 6.11 EPldENTHIC CRUSTACEANS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 l 6.12 HYA ARENARIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 6.13 WATER QUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
.i 6.13.1 Marine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 1 6.13.2 Estuarine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 i l 1 1
l 7.0 LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 ,
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LIST OF FIGURES PAGE 2.1-1. Plankton sampling stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7' 2.2-1. Finfish sampling stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.1-1. Benthic estuarine transect locations . . . . . . . . 25 4.2-1. Benthic marine sampling stations . . . . . . . . . 34 4.6-1. Locations of lobster and rock crab trapping areas. . 59 4.6-2. Hampton-Seabrook Estuary temperature / salinity, soft-shell clam (#ra arenaria), and green crab (Carcinus maenas) sampling stations. . . . . . . 60 4.7-1. Sampling sites for Nya arenaria spat . . . . . . . . 65 l l l l vii
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1 l I i 1 l LIST OF TABLES PAGE 2.1-1. FINFISH SAMPLING METHODS, JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER 1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2-1. DESCRIPTION OF FINFISH SAMPLING STATIONS . . . . . . 34 3.1-1.
SUMMARY
OF PIANKTON PROGRAMS CONDUCTED IN 1988 . . . 18 4.2-1. BENTHIC STATION LOCATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . 35 4.2-2.
SUMMARY
OF METHODS FOR BENTHIC MARINE SUBTIDAL SAMPLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 l 1 4.3-1.
SUMMARY
OF METHODS FOR SUBTIDAL AND INTERTIDAL MACR 0 ALGAL STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.4-1.
SUMMARY
OF ANALYSIS METHODS FOR ALL 1988 SURFACE ) FOULING PANELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 l l 4.4-2. COLLECTION MONTHS AND EXPOSURE TIMES (DAYS) FOR j SHORT-TERM (ST) AND MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL (MS) i SURFACE FOULING PANELE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1 4.5-1.
SUMMARY
OF ANALYSES OF BL THIC SELECTED SPECIES. . . 55 l l
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4.7-1. NUMBER OF NYA ARENARIA SAF"i.S PROCESSED DURING ! THE ANNUAL FALL SURVEY IN E.dPTON-SEABROOK j ESTUARY, 1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.7-2. CLAM SPAT FIXED STATION SAMPLING EFFORT. . . . . . . 67 1 l l vili
1 l LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES I l PAGE l ICHTHYOPLANKTON APPENDIX TABLE 1-1. ABUNDANCE (NO./1000 CUBIC METERS) 0F FISH i EGGS BY STATION, SPECIES, AND DATE. MEAN l OF TWO TOWS AT EACH STATION . . . . . . . . . 1-1 i l
' APPENDIX TABLE 1-2. PERCENT COMPOSITION OF FISH EGGS BY {
SPECIES, STATION, AND DATE. TWO TOWS AT l EACH STATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17 j l l I APPENDIX TABLE 1-3. ABUNDANCE (NO./1000 CUBIC METERS) 0F FISH LARVAE BY SPECIES, STATION, AND DATE. MEAN OF TWO TOWS AT EACH STATION . . . . . . . . . 1-33 q
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APPENDIX TABLE 1-4. PERCENT COMPOSITION OF FISH LARVAE BY ! SPECIES, STATION, AND DATE. TWO TOWS AT EACH STATION. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49 { APPENDIX TABLE 1-5. COUNTS OF AMERICAN SAND LANCE LARVAE, ! AMHODYTES AMERICANUS, BY 0.5 MM LENGTH CLASS, STATION, AND DATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-65
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APPENDIX TABLE 1-6. COUNTS OF WINTER FLOUNDER LARVAE, PSEUDO- l PLEURONECTES AMERICANUS, BY 0.5 MM LENGTH l CLASS, STATION, AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . 1-76 j l j APPENDIX TABLE 1-7. COUNTS OF YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER LARVAE, LINANDA PERRUCINEA, BY 0.5 MM'LENGIE CLASS, STATION, AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-80 APPENDIX TABLE 1-8. COUNTS OF ATLANTIC COD LARVAE, CADUS #0RRUA, I BY 0.5 MM LENGTH CLASS, STATION, AND DATE . . 1-84 l APPENDIX TABLE 1-9. COUNTS OF ATLANTIC MACKEREL LARVAE, SCOMBER SCO#BRUS, BY 0.5 MM LENGTH CLASS, STATION, AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-89 APPENDIX TABLE 1-10. COUNTS OF CUNNER LARVAE, TAUTOGOLABRUS ADSPERSUS, BY 0.5 MM LENGTH CLASS, STATION, AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-93 APPENDIX TABLE 1-11. COUNTS OF HAKE LARVAE, UROPHYCIS SP., BY 0.5 MM LENGTH CLASS, STATION, AND DATE. . . . 1-97 APPENDIX TABLE 1-12.. COUNTS DF ATLANTIC HERRING LARVAE, CLUPEA RARENGU.7 RARENCUS, BY 0.5 MM LENGTH CLASS, STATION AND DATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-101 ix L________________-_______________-____-_.
l; d I J PAGE APPENDIX TABLE 1-13. 00'UNTS OF POLLOCK LARVAE, POEEACNIUS VIRENS, BY.0.5 MM LENGTH CLASS, STATION, AND DATE . . 1-115 ADULT FISH l APPENDIX TABLE'2-1. MONTHLY CATCH (REPLICATES SUMMED) 0F FISH COLLECTED IN BEACH SEINES IN HAMPTON-SEABROOK. ,
. ESTUARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .2-l '
APPENDIX TABLE 2-2. MONTHLY PERCENT COMPOSITION (REPLICATES j 1 SUMMED) 0F FISH COLLECTED IN BEACH SEINES i IN HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY . . . . . . . . . 2-5 .! APPENDIX TABLE 2-3. OVERALL CATCH AND PERCERT COMPOSITION FOR J FISH COLLECTED IN BEACH SEINES.' . . . . . . . 2-9 l APPENDIX TABLE 2-4. NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS AND SPECIES (REPLICATES SUMMED) COLLECTED MONTHLY BY' BEACH SEINES IN HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY. . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 APPENDIX TABLE 2-5. CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT (ONE REPLICATE) FOR FIVE ] FINFISH SPECIES COLLECTED IN BEACH SEJNES IN 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 -l APPENDIX TABLE 2-6. FISH SPECIES COLLECTED IN GILL NETS (SUM OF
'IVO DAYS) FISHED MONTHLY-AT SURFACE AND OFF-BOTTOM DEPTHS OFF HAMPTON-SEABROOK. . . 2-12 APPENDIX TABLE 2-7. FISH SPECIES COLLECTED IN GILL NETS (SUM OF.
TWO DAYS) FISHED IN FEBRUARY, JUNE, AND l OCTOBER AT SURFACE, MID, AND 0FF-BOTTOM , 2-16 DEPTHS OFF HAMPTON-SEABROOK . . . . . . . . . l APPENDIX TABLE 2-8. TOTAL CATCH AND PERCENT COMPOSITION OVER ALL l- DEPTHS, STATIONS, AND SAMPLING PERIODS FOR- i FISH-SPECIES COLLECTED IN GILL NETS OFF' HAMPTON-SEABROOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20 APPENDIX TABLE 2-9. NUMBER OF SPECIES AND' INDIVIDUALS.COLLECIED. MONTHLY OVER ALL DEPTHS AT EACH GILL NET-STATION OFF RAMPTON-SEABROOK. . . . . . . . . 2-21 APPENDIX TABLE 2-10. CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT (C/E = 24 HR. SET)~FOR
.FIVE FINFISH SPECIES COLLECTED BY GILL NETS IN 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22 X
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APPENDIX TABLE 2-11. CATCH PER UNIT. EFFORT (t/E = 24 HR. SET) FOR FIVE FINFISH. SPECIES. C/E BASED ONLY ON MONTHS WHEN MID NETS WERE SET: FEBRUARY,1 , , l JUNE, AND OCTOBER . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 ) APPENDIX TABLE 2-12. TOTAL CATCH-(REPLICA 1TS SUMMED) 0F FISH COLLECTED BY OTTER TRAWLS OFF HAMPTON-SEABROOK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24' APPENDIX TABLE 2-13. TOTAL PERCENT. COMPOSIT d' (REPLICATES SUMMED) 0F FISH COLLECTED BY OIT d TRAWLS'0FF HAMPTON-SEABROOK. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 APPENDIX TABLE 2-14. OVERALL CATCH AND PERCENT COMPOSITION BY STATION FOR FISH COLLECTED IN OTTER TRAWLS j OFF KAMPTON-SEABROOK. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40 . APPENDIX TABLE 2-15. NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS AND SPECIES (REPLICATES SUMMED) COLLECTED BY 01TER TRAWLS OFF HAMPTON-SEABROOK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 APPENDIX TABLE 2-16.1DTTER TRAWL CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT FOR SIX : l 2-42 FINFISH SPECIES COLLECTED-IN 1988 . . . . . APPENDIX TABLE 2-17. VOLUME (LITERS) 0F MACR 0 ALGAE COLLECTED'IN OT7ER TRAWLS DURING 1988. . .. . . . . . . 2i43 MACROZ00 PLANKTON APPENDIX TABLE 3-1. ABUNDANCE (NO./1000 CUBIC METERS) 0F-MACROZ00 PLANKTON BY. SPECIES, STATION AND-DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 3-1 APPENDIX TABLE 3-2. PERCENT COMPOSITION OF MACROZ00 PLANKTON BY l SPECIES, STATION AND DATE . ... . . . . . . 3-37 z) l APPENDIX TABLE 3-3. PERCENT COMPOSITION OF MACROZ00 PLANKTON 1 SPECIES GROUPS BY STATION IND DATE. . . . . . 3-73 ' l APPENDIX TABLE 3-4.
SUMMARY
STATISTICS (MEAN = NO./1000 CUBIC METERS) FOR TOTAL MACROZ00 PLANKTON BY STATION AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . .. . .- . . . . 3-77 i xi l i
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-APPENDIX TABLE 3-5. MEAN ABUNDANCE ENO./1000 CUBIC METERS) AND STANDARD DEVIATIOK BY LIFESTAGE OF CALANUS I FIN #ARCRICUS IN THE JACR0 ZOOPLANKTON BY STATION AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-79 j APPENDIX TABLE 3-6. MEAN ABUNDANCE (NO./1000 CUBIC METERS) AND STANDARD DEVIATION BY LIFESTAGE OF CANCER SP.
IN THE MACROZ00 PLANKTON BY STATION AND DATE . '3-83 APPENDIX TABLE 3-7. MEAN ABUNDANCE (NO./1000 CUBIC METERS) AND STANDARD DEVIATION BY LIFESTAGE OF CARCINUS NAENAS IN THE MACR 0 ZOOPLANKTON BY STATION AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87 APPENDIX TABLE 3-8. MEAN ABUNDANCE (N0./1000 CUBIC METERS) AND-STANDARD DEVIATION BY LIFESTAGE OF CRANCON j SEPTEMSPINOSA IN THE MACR 0 ZOOPLANKTON BY STATION AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-91 APPENDIX TABLE 3-9. 'EAN ABUNDANCE (N0./1000 CUBIC METERS) AND M STANDARD DEVIATION BY LIFESTAGE OF NEONYSIS q ANERICANA IN THE MACR 0200 PLANKTON BY STATION l AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-99 : BIVALVE LARVAE APPENDIX TABLE 4-1. DENSITIES (NO./ CUBIC METER) 0F SOFT-SHELL CLAM , (NYA ARENARIA) UMBONED VELIGERS AT STATIONS P1, P2, P5 AND P7 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 4-1 APPENDIX TABLE 4-2. MEAN DENSITY (NO./ CUBIC METER) 0F UMBONED ; 4-2 VELIGERS AT STATIONS P1, P2, P5 AND P7. . . . APPENDIX TABLE 4-3. PERCENT COMPOSITION OF UMBONED VELIGERS AT STATIONS P1, P2, P5 AND P7 . . . . .. . . . . 4-17 LOBSTER LARVAE l APPENDIX TABLE 5-1. MEAN ABUNDANCE (NO./1000 SQUARE METERS), OF ! LOBSTER (RONARUS AMERICANUS) LARVAE BY LIFESTAGE, STATION AND DATE . . . . . . . . . 5-1 l APPENDIX TABLE 5-2. PERCENT COMPOSITION OF LOBSTER (RONARUS ' A#ERICANUS) LARVAE BY LIFESTAGE, STATION AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 5 .- xii
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l l PAGE ESTUARINE MACROFAUNA APPENDIX TABLE 6-1. MEAN ABUNDANCE (PER SQUARE METER) AND , STANDARD DEVIATION OF ESTUARINE MACRO- l' BENTHIC SPECIES BY SAMPLE PERIOD AND STATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 1 APPENDIX TABLE 6-2. MEAN ABUNDANCE (PER SQUARE METER) AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF ESTUARINE MACRO-BENTHIC SPECIES BY STATION-AND SAMPLE j PERIOD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '6-9 i i APPENDIX TABLE 6-3. OVERALL MEAN ABUNDANCE (PER SQUARE METER), l STANDARD DEVIATION AND NUMBER OF SPECIES COLLECTED AT ESTUARINE STATIONS . . . . . . . 0-19 MARINE MACROFAUNA APPENDIX TABLE 7-1. MEAN DENSITY (PER SQUARE METER) AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF DOMINANT MACROFAUNAL SPECIES AT SELECTED SUP71DAL AND INTERTIDAL STATIONS BY SAMPLE PERIbr . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 l APPENDIX TABLE 7-2. MEAN DENSITY (PER SQUARE METER) AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF DOMINANT MACROFAUNAL SPECIES ; BY SAMPLE PERIOD AT SELECTED SUBTIDAL STATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9 APPENDIX TABLE 7-3. MEAN DENSITY (PER SQUARE METER) AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF DOMINANT MACROFAUNAL SPECIES AT SELECTED INTERTIDAL STATIONS BY SAMPLE PERIOD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13 APPENDIX TABLE 7-4. MEAN DENSITY (PER SQUARE METER) AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF ALL MACROFAUNAL (COLONIAL SPECIES PRESENT ONLY) SPECIES AT ALL SUBTIDAL STATIONS DURING AUGUST, 1988. . . . . . . . . 7-17 APPENDIX TABLE 7-5. MEAN DENSITY (PER SQUARE METER) AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF ALL MAC20 FAUNAL (COLONIAL SPECIES PRESENT ONLY) SPECTES AT ALL INTERTIDAL STATIONS DURING AUGUST, 1988. . . . . . . . . 7-27 APPENDIX TABLE 7-6. MEAN DENSITY, STANDARD DEVIATION, NUMBER OF i SPECIES OF ALL MACROFAUNAL SPECIES AT l SUBTIDAL, INTERTIDAL AND ALL STATIONS DURING AUGUST, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-32 l xiit
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! APPENDIX TABLE 7-7. SURFACE TYPE AND ESTI$ATED PERCENT COVER OF MACR 0 ALGAE FOR MARINE SUBTIDAL AND INTER-TIDAL' BENTHIC STATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33 APPENDIX TABLE 7-8. ABUNDANCE OF SPIRORBID POLYCHAETES LIVING ON THE ALGA PXYEEOPEORA SP. COLLECTED IN AUGUST AT MARINE SUBTIDAL STATIONS. . . . . . 7-35 i <
APPENDIX TABLE 7-9. MEAN DENSITY (PER SQUARE METER) AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF NODIOLUS NODIOLUS OBSERVED.AT..
-MARINE SUBTIDAL TRANSECT STATIONS . . . . . . 7-36 'l APPENDIX TABLE 7-10. TOTAL NUMBER AND NUMBER (PER SQUARE-METER) 0F STRONGYLOCENTROTUS DROEBACHIENSIS'0BSERVED' -1 AT MARINE SUBTIDAL TRANSECT STATIONS. . . .- . 7 APPENDIX TABLE 7-11. PERCENT. FREQUENCY OF SELECTED INTERTIDAL FAUNA 2
IN THE FIXED 0.25 m NON-DESTRUCTIVE SITES AT STATIONS B1MSL AND B5MSL . . . . . . . . . 7-38_ -) APPENDIX TABLE 7-12. ABUNDANCE OF ' SESSILE' TAXA ON 0.25 m' SHORT-TERM (FOUR MONTH EXPOSURE) BOTTOM PANELS AT MARINE SUBTIDAL STATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . 7-39 APPENDIX TABLE 7-13. DENSITY, FERCENT' COVER, OR PRESENCE / ABSENCE , OF SESSILE TAXA ON 0.25.m 8LONG-TERM (ONE- ] YEAR EXPOSURE; AUG 87-AUG 88) BOTTOM PANELS ! AT MARINE SUBTIDAL STATIONS . . . . . . . . . 7-40 l MARINE MACROALGAE APPENDIX TABLE 8-1. MEAN BIOMASS (GRAMS DRY WEIGHT PER SQUARE '! METER) 0F MACROALGAL SPECIES AT SELECTED ) SUBTIDAL AND INTERTIDAL STATIONS DURING ! 1988. . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1. APPENDIX TABLE 8-2. STANDARD'DEVIATON OF BIOMASS'(G9AMSLDRY l WEIGHT'PER SQUARE METER) 0F MACR 0 ALGAL SPEC 1ES. l' AT SELECTED SUBTIDAL AND ' INTERTIDAL STATIONS DURING 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
-APPENDIX TABLE 8-3. PERCENT COMPOSITION OF BIOMASS (GRAMS DRY l WEIGHT PER SQUARE METER) 0F MACR 0 ALGAL SPECIES
-AT SELECTED SUBTIDAL AND INTERTIDAL STATIONS DURING 1988 . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . 8 l i
xiv i E _z- _ _ ___ _ = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _
i l i PAGE I APPENDIX TABLE 8-4. STATISTICS (SUM, MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, l NUMBER OF SPECIES) 0F, A. SUBTIDAL AND B. INTERTIDAL MACROALGAL SPECIES BIOMASS (GkhMS l DRY WEIGHT PER SQUARE METER) AT SELECTED STATIONS DURING 1988. . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25 APPENDIX TABLE 8-5. MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, PERCENT COMPOSITION ) 0F BIOMASS (GRAMS DRY WEIGHT PER SQUARE METER) i 0F MACR 0 ALGAL SPECIES AT ALL SUBTIDAL STATIONS l DURING AUGUST, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27 { APPENDIX TABLE 8-6. MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, PERCENT COMPOSITION OF BIOMASS (GRAMS DRY WEIGHT PER SQUARE METER) 0F MACR 0 ALGAL SPECIES AT ALL INTERTIDAL STATIONS DURING AUGUST, 1988. . . . . . . . 8-30 l APPENDIX TABIE 8-7. STATISTICS (SUM, MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, i NUMBER OF SPECIES) 0F MACR 0 ALGAL SPECIES BIOMASS (GRAMS DRY WEIGHT PER SQUARE METER) AT ALL: A. SUBTIDAL AND B. INTERTIDAL , STAT!ONS DURING AUGUST, 1988. . . . . . . . . 8-33 1 APPENDIX TABLE 8-8. THE OCCURRENCE OF MACR 0 ALGAE FROM GENERAL COLLECTIONS AT ALL SUBTIDAL AND INTERTIDAL DESTRUCTIVE STATIONS DURING 1988. . . . . . 8-34 APPENDIX TABLE 8-9. THE NUMBER OF UNIQUE TAXA RECORDED FROM GENERAL COLLECTIONS AND DESTRUCTIVE SAMPLING i AT ALL SUBTIDAL AND INTERTIDAL STATIONS IN ! 1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38 APPENDIX TABII 8-10. MEAN, MEDIAN AND RANGE OF PERCENT COVER OF KELP SPECIES FROM TRANSECT STUDIES AT SUBTIDAL STATIONS OVER THREE SAMPLING PERIODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-39 APPENDIX TABLE 8-11. MEAN, MEDIAN AND RANGE OF THE NUMBER OF PLANTS OF KELP SPECIES FROM TRANSECT STUDIES AT SUBTIDAL STATIONS DURING THREE SAMPLING PERIODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40 APPENDIX TABLE 8-12. A. PERCENT FREQUENCY OF DOMINANT "UNDERSTORY" ALGAE AND B. MEAN PERCENT COVER OF SUBSTRATE TYPE FROM TRANSECT STUDIES AT SUBTIDAL STATIONS DURING 1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-41 l APPENDIX TABLE 8-13. PERCENT FREQUENCY AND PERCENT COVER PER 0.25 m 2 0F~A. PERENNIAL AND B. " EPHEMERAL" MACR 0 ALGAL SPECIES AND C. PRESENCE OF EPIPHYTES ON FUCOID ALGAE AT FIXED INTERTIDAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-43 XV
i PAGE
' APPENDIX TABLE 8-14. MEAN PERCENT FREQUENCY.AND STANDARD DEVIATION l OF FUCOID ALGAE AT TWO FIXED' TRANSECT SITES
- l. IN-THE MEAN SEA LEVEL ZONE. . . . . - . . . . . . 8-46' i
SURFACE PANELS. APPENDIX TABLE 9-I. JMEAN COUNT (NON-COLONIAL) AND PERCENT. FREQUENCY (COLONIALS AND MACROALGAE)'ON SHORT TERM PANELS BY STATION AND DATI.. . . . 9-1
- APPENDIX TABLE 9-2. SPECIES RICHNESS AND' ABUNDANCE FOR A.
NON-COLONIAL FAUNA, B. COLONIAL FAUNA AND C. DIATOMS AND MACROALGAE ON SHORT-TERM PANELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16 APPENDIX TABLE 9-3. MEAN SIZE (HM), STANDARD DEVIATION,.AND NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS MEASURED.FOR JASSA FALCATA COLLECTED FROM MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL PANELS.FOR EACH STATION AND DATE. . . . . . . 19 APPENDIX TABLE 9-4. SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF JASSA FALCATA COLLECTED-FROM MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL PANELS FOR EACH STATION AND DATE. . . . . . . 9-20' APPENDIX TABLE 9-5. PERCENT SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF JASSA FALCATA COLLECTED FROM MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL PANELS FOR EACH STATION AND DATE . 9-21 l APPENDIX TABLE 9-6. NUMBER AND PERCENT OF EACH SEX AND REPRO-DUCTIVE STAGE.FOR JASSA FAECATA COLLECTED s{ FROM MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL PANELS FOR EACH 0 STATION AND DATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22 APPENDIX TABLE 9-7. _ SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF MYTILIDAE COLLECTED FROM MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL PANELS , FOR EACH STATION AND DATE . . . . . . . . . . . 9 .) i APPENDIX TABLE 9-8. PERCENT SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF MYTILIDAE COLLECTED FROM MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL' PANELS FOR EACH STATION AND DATE. . . .. . . 9-26 q i APPENDIX TABLE 9-9.- ABUNDANCE (NON-COLONIAL') AND PERCENT FREQUENCY ! (COLONIAL) 0F ANIMALS COLLECTED IN DECEMBER. (SUBMERGED ONE YEAR) ON MONTHLY. SEQUENTIAL'
' PANELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L9-29 ]
-l 4
i xvi ! i i
PAGE APPENDIX TABLE 9-10. PERCENT FREQUENCY OCCURRENCE AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCES AND SPECIES RICHNESS OF SELECTED NON-COLONIAL AND COLONIAL TAXA ON MONTELY SEQUENTIAL' PANELS . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31 APPENDIX TABLE 9-11. PERCENT FREQUENCY OCCURRENCE AND SPECIES RICHNESS OF DIATOMS AND MACROALGAE' COL-LECTED ON MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL PANELS . . . . 9-39 APPENDIX TABLE 9-12. DRY-WEIGHT (GRAMS / PANEL) BIOMASS ON 1988 SURFACE FOULING PANELS. . . . . . . . . . . 9-43 APPENDIX TABLE 9-13. LA#INARIA SP. TOTAL COUNTS ON MONTHLY. SEQUENTIAL SURFACE FOULING PANELS . . . . . 9-44
. SELECTED BENTHIC SPECIES APPENDIX TABLE 10-1. MEAN ABUNDANCE (PER SQUARE METER) AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE SELECTED SPECIES ,
_AT STATIONS B1MLW, B5MLW, B17, B35, B19, AND B31 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 10-1 APPENDIX TABLE 10-2. MEAN SIZE (MM), STANDARD DEVIATION, AND THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF JASSA FALCATA MEASURED AT STATIONS B17 AND B35. .. . . . . 10-4 APPENDIX TABLE 10-3. NUMBER AND PERCENT OF EACH REPRODUCTIVE STAGE FOR JASSA FAECATA AT STATIONS B17 AND B35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5 APPENDIX TABLE 10-4. SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF JASSA FALCATA AT STATIONS B17 AND B35 . . . . . . 10-6 APPENDIX TABLE 10-5. MEAN. SIZE (MM), STANDARD DEVIATION,-AND THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF PONTOGENEIA INERNIS dEASURED AT STATIONS B19 AND B31; . 10-7 APPENDIX TABLE 10-6. NUMBER AND PERCENT OF EACH REPRODUCTIVE STAGE FOR PONTOGENEIA INERNIS AT STATIONS B19 AND B31 . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8 APPENDIX TABLE 10-7. SIZE-CLASS (HM) DISTRIBUTION OF PONTOGENEIA INERNIS AT STATIONS B19'AND B31 . . . . . . 10 xvii
PAGE APPENDIX TABLE 10-8. MEAN SIZE (MM), STANDARD DEVIATION, AND THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF AMPITE0E RUBRICATA MEASURED AT STATIONS B1MLW AND B5MLW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10 APPENDIX TABLE 10-9. NUMBER AND PERCENT OF EACH REPRODUCTIVE STAGE FOR AMPITHOE RUBRICATA AT STATIONS B1MLW AND B5MWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-111 APPENDIX TABLE 10-10. . SIZE-CLASS 'MM) ( DISTRIBUTION OF ANPITROE RUBRICATA AT STATIONS B1MLW AND B5MLW . . . 10-12 APPENDIX TABLE 10-11. MEAN SIZE (MM), STANDARD DEVIATION, AND THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF CANCER IRRORATUS MEASURED AT STATIONS B17 AND B35 . . . . . 10-13 APPENDIX TABLE 10-12. SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF CANCER IRRORATUS AT STATIONS.B17 AND B35. . . . . 10-14 APPENDIX TABLE,10-13. MEAN SIZE (MM), STANDARD DEVIAT'ON, AND THE NUMBER 0F INDIVIDUALS OF CANCER SP. MEASURED AT STATIONS B17 AND B35 . . . . . . . . . . 10-15 APPENDIX TABLE 10-14. SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF CANCER SP. AT STATIONS B17 AND B35 . . . . . . . . . . 10-16 APPENDIX TABLE 10-15. MEAN SIZE (MM), STANDARD DEVIATION, AND THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF MTTILIDAE MEASURED AT STATIONS B1MLW, B5MLW, B17, B35, B19, l AND B31 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . , 10-17' APPENDIX TABLE 10-16. SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF MYTILIDAE AT STATIONS DiML,W, B5MLW, B17, B35:, B19,. AND B31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18 APPENDIX TABLE 10-17 MEAN SIZE (MM), STANDARD DEVIATION, AND TIE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF NUCELLA LAPILLUS MEASURED AT STATIONS B1MLW'AND B5MLW. . . . 10-21 APPENDIX TABLE 10-18. SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF NUCEZLA LAPILLUS AT STATIONS B1MLW AND B5MLV. . . . 10-22 APPENDIX TABLE 10-19. MEAN SIZE (MM), STANDARD DEVIATION, AND TRE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF ASTERIIDAE MEASURED AT STATIONS B17 AND B35. . . . . . 10-24 l xviii-
PAGE APPENDIX TABLE 10-20. SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF ASTERIIDAE AT STATIONS B17 AND B35 . . . . . . . . . . 10-25 j APPENDIX TABLE 10-21. MEAN SIZE (MM), STANDARD DEVIATION, AND THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF STRONCYLOCENTROTUS ] PROEBAC#IENSIS MEASURED AT STATIONS B19 AND l B31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-27 1 APPENDIX TABLE 10-22. SIZE-CLASS (MM) DISTRIBUTION OF STRONCYLO-CENTROTUS DROEBACHIENSIS AT STATIONS B19 l i AND B31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28 EPIBENTHIC CRUSTACEANS APPENDIX TABLE 11-1. OVERALL CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT (PER 15-TRAP TRIP) AND PERCENT COMPOSITION OF MALES, FEMALES, AND OVIGEROUS FEMALE HOMARUS AMERICANUS AT STATIONS L1 (DISCHARGE) AND L7 (RYE LEDGE) . . . . . . 11-1 APPENDIX TABLE 11-2. MONTHLY CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT (PER 15-TRAP TRIP) AND PERCENT COMPOSITION OF LEGAL AND SUBLEGAL-SIZED RONARUS AMERICANUS AT i STATIONS L1 (DISCHARGE) AND L7 (RYE LEDGE). 11-3 APPENDIX TABLE 11-3. MONTHLY CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT (PER 15-TRAP ) TRIP) AND PERCENT SIZE CLASS DISTRIBUTION (IN INCHES) 0F HOMARUS AMERICANUS COLLECTED AT STATIONS L1 (DISCHARGE) AND L7 (RYE LEDGE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 APPENDIX TABLE 11-4. MEAN SIZE (CM) AND RANGES FOR MALES, FEMALES AND BOTH SEXES COMBINED FOR CANCER IRRORATUS AND CANCER BOREAEIS AT STATION L1 (DISCHARGE) 3 AND L7 (RYE LEDGE). . . . . . , . . . . . . 11-6 I I APPENDIX TABLE 11-5. OVERALL CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT (SUM OF 15 i TRAPS) 0F CANCER IRRORATUS AND CANCER ) BOREAEIS INCLUDING MEAN NUMBER AND PERCENT l MALES, FEMALES, AND FEMALES WITH EGGS AT l STATIONS L1 (DISCHARGE) AND L7 (RYE LEDGE). 11-7 { l APPENDIX TABLE 11-6. MONTHLY CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT (SUM OF 16 TRAPS) 0F CARCINUS #AENAS AND SEX RATIO INCLUDING FEMALES WITH EGGS.. . . . . . . . 11-9 l I xix
ll PAGE MYA ARENARIA APPENDIX TABLE 12-1. MEAN DENSITIES (PER SQUARE FOOT)'AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF SOFT-SHELL CLAM SPAT.IN TIIE HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY. . . . '12-1 APPENDIX TABLE 12-2. MEAN DENSITIES (PER SQUARE FOOT) AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF JUVENILE AND ADULT SOFT-SHELL CLAMS IN THE HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY . . . . . . ... ., . . . . . . 12-2 APPENDIX TABLE 12-3. MEAN' DENSITIES (PER SQUARE FOOT) 0F SOFT-SHELL CLAM SPAT FROM FIXED STATION SURVEYS IN '1VO ESTUARIES. . .. . . . . . . . . . . 12-4 APPENDIX TABLE 12-4. STANDING CROP ESTIMATES OF SOFT-SHELL CLAM, hYA ARENARIA, IN TrfE HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY FOR OCTOBER, 1988 . ..... . . . 12-5 APPENDIX TABLE 12-5.
SUMMARY
OF STANDING CROP ESTIMATES OF ADULT NYA ARENARIA IN HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY,1967 THROUGli 1988. .. . . . . . . 12-6 APPENDIX TABLE 12-6. SIZE CLASS DISTRIBUTION AND STANDARD DEVI-ATION OF NYA ARENARIA IN THE'HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY IN OCTOBER, 1988. . .. . . . . . 12-7 , APPENDIX TABLE 12-7. DISTRIBUTION OF CLAM DIGGERG - NUMBERS AND PERCENT OF TOTAL ON EACH FLAT AND ESTIMATED NUMBER OF BUSHELS REMOVED . . . . . . . . 12 ) APPENDIX TABLE 12-8. PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING' (PSP) T0XICITY LEVELS IN MYTILUS EDULIS FROM HAMPTON IIARBOR. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .-.12-10 APPENDIX FIGURE 12-1. SIZE CLASS DISTRIBUTION OF #YA ARENARIA ) I IN HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY. LOG TRANS-FORMED DENSITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11 WATER QUALITY APPENDIX TABLE 13-1. CHLOROPHYLL a AND PLANT NUTRIENT DATA ., COLLECTED ON PLANKTON CRUISES AT THE ; NEARFIELD (P2), DISCHARGE (PS) AND l FARFIELD (P7) SITES, MEAN OF TWO _j REPLICATES. . . . . .. . . ...... . . 13-1 i l 4 XX f I i
l PAGE APPENDIX TABLE 13-2. HYDROGRAPHIC DATA COLLECTED FOUR TIMES PER MONTH ON PLANKTON CRUISES AT THE NEARFIELD (P2), DISCHARGE (PS) AND FARFIELD (P7) SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4 APPENDIX TAoti. 13-3. ESTUARINE SURFACZ TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY ON SELECTED DATES IN HAMPTON HARBOR A*iD BROWNS RIVER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-50 l l 1 xxi
SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 1988 DATA REPORT TECIINICAL REPORT XX-1 l
1.0 INTRODUCTION
l This report presents data collected in 1988 as part of the l preoperational environmental studies for Seabrook Station. It includes a synopsis of field and laboratory methods, followed by tabular listings of the data. Simple statistics such as means and standard deviations i are used to show data trends. A summary of findings for each section is 1 also presented. A detailed analysis of certain key (selected) species, as well as the overall community composition, will be included in a baseline summary report, which will follow this data report. I In 1988, as in previous years, plankton, finfish and benthic communities were monitored in the Hampton-Seabrook estuary and nearshore marine environment. These studies are a continuation of preoperational studies which began in 1975 and were modified in July 1977. In 1982, further refinements in certain programs were made with respect to sampling frequene and location in order to improve the data base for the formal preoperational period which began January 1982. The 1988 l sampling program reflected revisions made in July 1986, particularly the I addition of Station P5 for plankton studies. Both spatial and temporal distributional patterns were the focus of all programs, with certain important selected species monitored most intensively. 1
2.0 FINFISil 2.1 ICHTHYOPIANKTON 2.1.1 Methods 2.1.1.1 Field Methods l l l Ichthyoplankton samples were collected four times monthly from ; f January through December (Table 2.1-1). However, because of severe > weather conditions, samples were only taken three times during April and December. The four sampling dates in each month were distributed among , , these four quarter-month periods: Ist quarter - days 1-8 #1 2nd quarter - days 9-15 ,f 3rd quarter - days 16-23 4th quarter - days 24-31 Sampling dates in successive quarter-month periods were scheduled to be at least five days apart and no more than 10 days apart, weather permit-ting. .
'4 On each sampling date, four samples were collected at each of three sites: intake, discharge and farfield (Stations P2, PS, and P7, respectively; Figure 2.1-1). Samples were paired oblique tows taken at night with 1-m diameter 0.505-mm mesh nets. Each net, with a depressor, was set off the stern and towed for 10 minutes while varying the boat speed, causing the nets to sink to approximately 2 m off the bottom and to rise obliquely to the surface at least twice during the tow. The -
standard 10-minute tows were reduced to five-minute tows on 19 April at Stations P2 and P5, and on 25 April at all stations (P2, P5, and P7) to minimize net clogging due to high plankton density. The volume filtered was estimated with a calibrated General Oceanics digital flowmeter ~ 3 ^ mounted in the net mouth. Volume filtered ranged from 230 to 271 m for
\
3
five-minute tows and 401 to 574 m for 10-minute tows, averaging 488 m overall. Upon retrieval, each net was washed down from mouth to cod end and the contents preserved in 5% formalin buffered with borax. 2.1.1.2 Laboratory Hethods Two of the four offshore samples, one from each pair, were analyzed from each of the thtee stations for each sampling date. The remaining two were held as contingency samples. Samples were subsampled with a Folsom plankton splitter and sorted for fish eggs and larvae using a dissecting microscope. Successive aliquots were analyzed until a minimum of 200 eggs and 100 larvae were sorted or until 200-400 ml settled plankton volume was sorted. All eggs and larvoo were identified to lowest practical taxon (usually species) and counted. Some eggs, difficult to identify to species, were grouped with eggs of similar appearance [e.g. , cunner (Tautogolebrus adsTersus) and tautog (Tautoga onitis) were grouped with yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) and termed Labridae/Limanda eggs). Numbers were then converted to a standard density (no./1000 m3 ), Notochord lengths were measured to the nearest 0.5 mm for nine selected species: Ammodytes americanus, American sand lance Pseudopleuronectes americanus, winter flounder Limanda ferruginea, yellowtail flounder Gadus morhus, Atlantic cod Scamber scombrus, Atlantic mackerel Tautogolabrus adspersus, cunner Urophycis sp. , hche Clupea harengus barengus, Atlantic herring Pollachius virens, pollock 4
Up to 20 larvae per species were measured from each sample. An additional 10 larvan were measured for a species in a sample if the third highest length was more than twice the third lowest length, an indication of higher than normal variation among the initial 20 measure-ments. This subsampling procedure assures that the number of larvae measured will usually be adequate to detect a 20% difference in mean length between stations or dates 80% of the time (power = 0.80) with 95% confidence (significance level = 0.05). l l l 2.1.2 Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION 1-1 Fish egg abundance by station, species and date 1-2 Fish egg percent composition by station, species and date 1-3 Fish larvae abundance by station, species and date 1-4 Fish Inrvae percent composition by station, species and date i 1-5 American sand lance larvae lengths by date 1-6 Winter flounder larvae lengths by date 1-7 Yellowtail flounder larvae lengths by date 1-8 Atlantic cod larvae lengths by dn.te 5
APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION 1-9 Atlantic mackerel larvae lengths by date 1-10 Cunner larvae lengths by date 1-11 Hake larvae lengths by date 1-12 Atlantic herring larvae lengths by date 1-13 Pollock larvae lengths by date 6
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2.2 ADULT FINFISH 2.2.1 Methods 2.2.1.1 Beach Seines Seine samples were taken monthly from April to November at Stations S1, S2 and S3 (Figure 2.J-1; Table 2.1-1). Differences in station habitats for all gear types are listed in Table 2.2-1. Dupli- , l cate daytime hauls were taken into the tidal current at each station with a 30.5-m x 2.4-m bag seine. The nylon bag was 4.3 m x 2.4 m with 1.3-cm stretch mesh, and each wing was 13.1 m x 2.4 m with 2.5-cm stretch mesh. o 1 2.2.1.2 Gill Nets af-~ Gill nets were set for two consecutive 24-hr periods monthly at three stations (Figui. 2.2-1), described in Table 2.2-1. Nets were 30.5 m x 3.7 m and comprised of four panels heving stretch mesh dimen- = sions of 2.5 cm, 5.1 cm, 10.2 cm and 15.2 cm. One net array, consisting of surface and near-bottom nets, was set at each station. All nets were set perpendicular to the isobath (Figure 2.2-1). Additionally, one gill net per station was set at mid-depth in February, June and October. The nets were attached between permanent moorings and tended daily by SCUBA divers.
.s 2.2.1.3 Otter Trawls F-The inshore groundfish community was sampled twice per month January through December. Trawling was conducted at night along Transects T1, T2 and T3 (Figure 2.2-1; Table 2.1-1) with a 9.8-m shrimp -
trawl (3.8-cm nylon stretch mesh body; 3.2-cm stretch mesh trawl bag; f*- 1,3-cm stretch mesh cod end liner). Two replicates were taken at each " " 9 o
of the.three transects, which'are described in Table 2.'2-1. The net was towed at approximately 1 m/s for 10 minutes, with successive tows taken in. opposite directions. The volume of drift algae caught in the trawl was -corded. In four instances (7 September, 22 September, 6 October, 25 October) otter trawls were not'made at transect T2 due to a large concentration of lobster gear in the area. 2.2.1.4 Sample Analysis / Data Compilation Finfish were identified to species, measured and grouped into size classes. Damaged specimens and fish difficult to identify in the field (e.g., hakes (Urophycis sp.), skates (Raja sp.), and snailfishes (Elpar/s sp.)] were grouped by genus. Catch' data from each of the three types of fishing gear used j in this study were standardized to catch per unit effort. One unit was equated to ten minutes of trawling for otter trawls, one 24-hr set for gill nets (surface, mid or bottom net), or one haul for beach seines. Each transect or station was considered separately, as were che surface, mid-depth and bottom sets for the gill nets. 4 2.2.2 Results APPEND 1X TABhE NO. DESCRIPTION BEACH SEINES 2-1 Monthly catch by species 2-2 Monthly percent composition by species 2-3 Overall catch and percent composition 10 __-_-____a
l APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION j l l BEACH SEINES (Cont.) i i 2-4 Total catch and number of species collected monthly 1 d 2-5 Catch per unit effort for 1 five selected species
)
GILL NETS ~i 1 2-6 Monthly catch; surface and ) off-bottom nets j , l 1 l 2-7 Catch in February, June and j October; surface, mid-water and off-bottom nets i 2-8 Overall catch and percent composition over all depths and l stations j l 2-9 Total catch and number of- ) . species collected monthly l i 2-10 Catch per unit effort for five selected species i 2-11 Catch per unit effort for five selected species in February, June and October; mid-water nets OTTER TRAWLS 2-12 Total catch by species 2-13 Total percent composition by species 2-14 Overall catch and percent composition-11
APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION OTTER TRAWLS (Cont.) 2-15 Total catch and number of species collected 2-16 Catch per unit effort for l' six selected species j l l 2-17 Volume of macroalgae caught i I l l l l 12
l l R1'E LEDGE o N IRTEE h 1 p BOARS FARFIElb AREA HEAD q g.
, 1 T3 .
5 37 GREAT 9 BOARS l l ,y h- HEAD G3 j O I
; HAMPTON 1 EACH 37 snons intake HIVER
.. olyjgY NEARFIELD AREA SEABROOK , #1 G .
STATION s3 wt,plo.. 3j\ Discharge 9
^ "G2 '9
$n"gf EABR00 ,e BEACH ! T2 1
'\
. ' G1 '
\ 18
.yg
\/ o .5 1, NAUTICALMILE EAC1 1 KILOMETERS 1,
O} 11 CONTOUR DEPTH IN METERS
- T = 0tter Trawls E S . Seine Hauls -G -Gillnets Figun: 2.2-1. Finfish sampling stations. Seabrook Environmental Studies,1988, 13
TABLE 2.2-1. DESCRIPTION OF FINFISH SAMPLING STATIONS. SEABR00% ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 1988. STATION DEPTH BOTTOM TYPE . REMARKS BEACH SEINES S1 0-2 m sand Scoured by tidal currents; approximately 300 m upriver from Hampton Beach Marina. S2 0-1 m sand Scoured by tidal currents; approximately 200 m upstream from the mouth of the Brown's River. ; S3 0-3 m sand Scoured by tidal currents; located in Seabr'ook Harbor, approximately.300 m from Hampton Harbor Bridge. i GILL NETS G1 20 m sand Seaward from rocky out-cropping off Seabrook. G2 17 m sand Seaward of Inner. Sunk Rocks. G3 2 m rock /cobbic Offshore ~from Creat Boars Head. OTTER TRAWLS T1 20-28 m sand Transect begins 0.5 miles southeast of Breaking Rocks Nun, 150-200 m from rock outcroppings T2 15-17 m sand, drift Scoured by tidal cur-algae w/shell rents; large quantities debris of drift algae, 100 m from inner sunk rocks. T3 22-30 m sandy; littered Lccated off Creat Boars with shell Head; just seaward of a debris cobble area (rocks 15- q 50 cm diameters). 14
a l 3.0 PLANKTON 3.1' ZOOPLANKTON-3.1.1 Methods 3 .1 ~.1.1 Field Methods _Macrozooplankton I 'Macrozooplankton collections were made four times per month from' January through December, concurrent with ichthyoplankton sampling. On each date, four replicate:(paired-sequential) oblique tows were made at night with .1-m diameter 0.505-mm mesh nets-at the intake site
- (Station P2), at the discharge site (Station PS),_and at theifarfield site (Station P7) (Figure 2.1-1)(Table 3.1-1). The nets with depressors were set off the stern and towed 'for 30 minutes while varying the boat speed, causing the net to sink to approximately 2 m off the bottom and -
to rise to the surface at.least twice during the tow. When nets beceme clogged due to plankton blooms, tows were shortened to 5 minutes. The volume filtered, determined with a General Oceanics digital flow mater, , 3 ranged from 413 to 572 m and averaged 502 m for ten minute tows and ranged from 239 to 272 m and averaged 261 m for 5-minute tows. Upon retrieval, each net was thoroughly washed down with filtered seawater-and the contents fixed in borax-buffered 5 to 10% formalin, depending on plankton density. l j 3.1.1.2 Laboratory Metho'sd i i Macrozooplankton j i Macrozooplankton were analyzed from three of the four tows- i (randomly selected) at each station for two alternating sampling periods per month. The initial procedure in macrozooplankton analysis was sub-15 ,
sampling for copepods. The sample was concentrated or diluted to a known volume which provided an optimal working sample density (ca. 150 copepods per 1-ml subsample). The sampic was agitated with a Stempel pipette to homogeneously distribute the contents, and one milliliter was removed and examined under a dissecting microscope. Subsampling con-tinued until at least 30 of the dominant copepod species and 150 total copepods were counted. When hydrozoans appeared in high densities, preventing an even distribution of copepods, the sample was serially split using a Folsom plankton splitter, and the copepods removed for analysis. The samples were recombined after being subject to a quality control check. Cyclopolds and copepodites of smaller calanoid species (which were not efficiently collected in the macrozooplankton samples), were not included in the copepod counts. Rarer copepods (Actideidae, Anomalocera opslus, Caligus sp., Candacia armata, Euchaeta sp., Harpacticoida, losstrillidae, and Rhincalanus nasutus) were enumerated subsequently with the remaining macrozooplankton. Calanus finmarchicus, the selected species, was identified to lifestage and sexed. Once copepod analysis was completed, each sample was serially split, using a Folsom plankton splitter, into fractions which provided counts of at least 30 individuals of each dominant macrozooplankton taxon (as defined in NA1 1984). Generally, 1/4 of the original sample was analyzed, not to exceed 100 milliliters of settled plankton volume. Macrozooplankton taxa were enumerated by species using a uissecting microscope at magnifications between 6X and 150X. Selected species (Cancer sp., Carcinus maenas, Crangon septomspinosa, and Neomysis americana) were identified to detailed developmental stage (lifestage and/or sex). The abundances (converted to no./1000 m 3) were computed as a mean of all replicate samples which were weighted equally. 16
9 3.1.2- Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION
.)
1 3-1 Abundance (no. per 1000 cubic. meters) of macrozooplankton'by , species, station and date-3-2 Percent composition of macrozoo- j plankton.by species, station and ..,
~'
date 3-3 Percent composition of macrozoo-plankton species groups by station and date 3-4 Summary statistics (mean =.no. per' 1000 cubic meters) for total macro < :j zooplankton by station and'date 3-5 Mean abundance (no, per 1000 cubic meters),and standard deviation'by' j lifestage of Calanus finmarchicus in the macrozooplankton by station and-date 1 l 3-6 Mean abundance (no. per 1000 cubic ! meters) and standard deviation by- J lifestage of Cancer.sp..in the. macrozooplankton by station and date 3-7 Mean' abundance (no.' per 1000 cubic meters) and standard deviation by-lifestage of Carcinus meenas in the macrozooplankton by~ station nd
; date-3-8 Mean abundance (no. per 1000 cub'ic meters) and standard deviation by lifestage of Crangon septemspinosa'in ,
the macrozooplankton'by station and < date 3-9 Mean abundance.(no. per 1000 cubic-meters) and standard deviation byL lifestage of Neomysis americana in I the macrozooplankton'by station l and date 17 4 l l
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l 1 d 3.2- BIVALVE' LARVAE 3.2.1 Methods 6 3.2.1.1 Field Methods
- {
The spatial and temporal distribution of bivalve larvae-(particularly Mya arenaria) was monitored using duplicate oblique net-tows' collected weekly from 19 April through 25 October at Hampton Harbor (Station P1), the intake (Station P2), the discharge (Station PS) and farfield (Station P7) stations (Figure 2.1-1). .The normal sampling procedure was a tw-minute oblique tow using a 0.5-m diameter 0.076-mm mesh net, with a 14-1b depressor attached. The net, towed at approxi-mately 0.3-0.6 m/s, was lowered to a depth of approximately.15 m (49 feet) in the first minute and returned to the surface during the second minute. When net clogging occurred, vertical tows were taken using the-same apparatus as for the oblique tows. The net was lowered to the bottom (approximately 15-18 m) and returned to the surface. Upon recovery, net contents were thoroughly rinsed into a 1/2-ga11on con-tainer and preserved with 2% borax-buffered formalin (with sugar added to enhance color preservation). Samples were kept refrigerated until ! processed. The volume filtered, estimated with a General Oc.eanics flowmeter, ranged from 2.8 to 13.1 m 3and averaged 9.7 m per oblique 3 tow and ranged from 1.9 to 4.3 m and averaged 3.3 m per vertical tow. 3.2.1.2 Laboratory Hethods i Samples collected at the four stations were analyzed for the following umboned larvae: Hiatella sp., Mytilus edulls, Hodiolus modfolus, Heteranomia squamula, Solenidae, Nya arenaria, Mye truncata, i PJacopecten magellanicus, Spisula solidissima, Hacome balthica, Teredo ; nava11s and all other Bivalvia. When the total umboned larvae caught ! l ranged from 1-300, the entire sample was processed; when total numbers 19 l ,
L .. . . exceeded 300-the sample was split. The ' bivalve' larvae were concentrated-
.by a swirling motion and. split from one to ten times to arrive at a randomly selected fraction containing 150-600 umboned bivalve larvae for identification and enumeration. Two subsample fractions were enumerated 1
from each sample, each. fraction originating from different halves.of the sample. Numbers were converted to a density per cubic meter. l l-
=3.2.2 ,Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION 4-1 Mean densities (no./ cubic meter) and.
standard deviation of softshell clami (Nya arenarla) umboned veligers by station and date 4-2 MeanLdensity (no.'/ cubic meter)'of numboned veligers by species, station c and date 4-3 Percent composition of umboned 1 veligers by species,' station and j date j i l i l 20
4 1 4 4 3.3 FOMARUS ANERICANUS (LOBSTER) LARVAE 3.3.1 Methods 3.3.1.1 Field Methods ; I 1 To monitor temporal distribution of Fomarus americanus larvae,, . neuston tows were made weekly from 18 May through 28 September along j horseshoe-shaped transects approximately 1/2 mile (800 m) on a side, I centered on the intake (Station P2), discharge (Station'P5), and farfield-(Station P7) stations (Figure 2.1-1). Collections were made with a rectangular, 1-mm mesh net (1 m deep x 2 m wide x 8 m long) fitted with a'Ge'neral Oceanics flowmeter and a 40-lb depressor; tow speeds of approximately-1 m/sec (2 kn) were maintained. Tows were made from the side of the boat in water. clear of the boat's wake; the bottom ; of the not mouth was approximately 0.5 m below the surface. Tow. duration was 30 minutes; area sampled averaged.3729.m (ranging from 2943 to 4164 m ). l Upon retrieval, the net was washed down from mouth to cod end i and the contents emptied into five-gallon buckets. All debris was thoroughly rinsed before discarding and the remainder was concentrated to approximately one gallon. The samples were then preserved in.5% formalin and transported to the laboratory for further analysis. 1 l 3.3.1.2 Laboratory Methods i Upon arrival at the laboratory, samples were rinsed through a 1-mm mesh sieve, and sorted in total for lobster larvae Stages I-IV. This was accomplished by scanning the contents of each sample in a white enamel pan, or by examining it under a dissecting. microscope at approximately 10X magnification. 21 _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .________________________m_w
Numbers were then converted to a standard density (no./1000 m2 ), Values from Stations P2, P5 and P7 were used in calculating an average vslue for each stage over all stations. 3.3.2 Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION 5-1 Abundance (no./1000 m ) of lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae by lifestage, station, and date 5-2 Percent composition of lobster (Nomarus americanus) larvae by lifestage, station, and date 22
b I 4.0- BENTH0S
- 4.1 ESTUARINE MACROFAUNA ,
3 1 4.1.1 Methods 4.1.1.1 ' Field Methods Sampling was conducted in the Hampton-Seabrook Estuary at two j i I
-Stations, 3 and 9, during May, August and November'(Figure 4.1-1). 'Each station included subtidal and, intertidal (MLW) collection zones. F,ive . ,q samples (0.0625 m in area.x 10.2 cm deep) were taken from each zone at
~
8 high tide with a cofferdam and diver-operated airlift fitted with a 0.79-mm mesh bag. .I 4.1.1.2 . Laboratory Analysis 1 1 All samples were washed over a 1.0-mm sieve, preserved in 6% buffered formalin, and sorted under dissecting microscopes. .All non-colonial organisms were identified to lowest possible taxon and l l enumerated. Raw counts for each replicate were converted to number per square meter before statistical computations were performed.' I l 23
4.1.2 Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION ESTUARINE HACROFAUNA 6-1 Mean abundance and standard deviation by sample period and station for each species 6-2 Hean abundance and standard deviation by station and sample period for each species 6-3 Overall mean abundance and number of species by sample period within station l l l 24 l l L- - - - - - - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _
I muamu Q
& '~
ee J ,v 1 flAMPTON RWER / intake see l BROWNS , w 11Ah!PTON ;
'ER BEACil
.h. i
& Q f
l Seabrook Station } >,prpW*% ,
'% %g f
x mJ>:>e 9 & '".' Discharge MIu.cReg - 0 ff ; o [ SEABROOK BWKWATER RNER' , BEACil v 5 m [__ How Hampshire ______________. N j' s
, fk
/ M
* = Benthic Trant,ect Figure 4.1-1. Benthic estuarine sampling transects. Seabrook Environmental Studies,1988.
25
l 4.2 MARINE MACROFAUNA 4.2.1- Methods 4.2.1.'1 Field Methods Benthic Destructive Quantitative (destructive) samples were collected at six permanent benthic stations during May, August and November; four of the stations (B17, B19, B31, B35) were-subtidal and two were intertidal I (B1MLW, B5MLW) (Figure 4.2-1, Tables 4.2-1, 2). These stations represented three nearfield (B17, B19, B1MLW)'and three farfield (B31,
~
B35, B5MLW) stations. The sampling program for May and November was designed to provide greater resolution of temporal patterns of only the dominent benthic taxa. In August,' additional stations (B04, B13,.B16,- , B34) were sampled to provide an examination of the entire community and l increase the overall spatial coverage (Figure 4.2-1, Tables 4.2-1, 2). 1 2 'l During the sampling program, five.0.0625-m replicate samples were taken at each station. Each subtidal benthic station was j permanently marked with a mooring block and an attached surface buoy. Subtidal sampling sites were preselected randomly by determining azimuth and distance (within 10 m) from the station block. The sample frame was < placed on a horizontal rock surface (samples were stratified to i horizontal hard substrate to reduce variability introduced by other l l substrate types). Epifauna and flora were scraped from' rock surfaces l and drawn through a diver-operated airlift into a 0.79-mm mesh-bag. The mesh bag was placed in a labeled plastic bag, brought to the surface, , and sent to the laboratory for preservation and processing. All intertidal samples were collected in the Chondrus zone (mean low water) at Stations B1MLW and B5MLW. Replicate samples'were taken~at randomly 2 selected sites by placing the 0.0625-m frame on a horizontal surface and scraping all epifauna and flora into a~1abeled plastic bag. Samples 27 l
were then transported to the laboratory for' processing. Field notes , were recorded on the percent cover of macroalgae and!the substrate microtopography within the frame. A general collection of macroalgal species was made.within the station area during May, August and November (see Section 4.3 on Macroalgae). Subtidal Transects At Stations B17,'B19, B31 and B35 (Figure 4.2-1; Tables 4.2.1, 4.2-2) in April, July and October'1988, six replicate 1-m x 7-m band transects were surveyed along pre-selected random compass. azimuths radiating from each station's center. At Stations B17 and B35: adult 2' Modlolus modfolus were counted in each 1-m area along each 7-m transect, a total of 42 quadrats per station. Because of-historical evidence of high densities of Nodiolus modfo1us at Stations B19 and B31, only twelve 2 1-m quadrats (two per transect) were counted at those two stations. The total number of urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) in each quadrat was recorded (42 quadrats at every st'ation). l Intertidal Non-Destructive 2 Three permanent 0.25-m sites, one " bare" rock (in the mean high water zone), one Fucus sp. covered (in the mean sea level zone) and one Chondrus crispus covered (in the mecn low water. zone) at each intertidal I station (B1MSL and B5MSL), were sampled non-destructively during April,. July and December (Figure 4.2-1; Tables 4.2-1, 4.2-2). The presence of Eucold algal holdfasta (Fucus sp., F. vesiculosis, F. distichus var. edentatus and Ascophyllum nodosum) and gastropods (Acmaea testudinalls, Littorina sp. l Juvenile}, L. littorea, L. obtusata, L. saxatills and Nucella lapillus) was recorded for each'of 16 subdivisions of the fixed 0.25-m quadrat. The overal'1 percent cover of the.fucold algae (prior to-i disturbance) within the quadrat was also noted. General observations over-l 28 i k
the sampling area were recorded and photographs taken of each tidal zone (MHW, MSL, MLW) and permanent 0.25-m2 ,gt,, l l The occurrence of "understory" algae (Chondrus crispus, Mastocarpus stellatus and " ephemeral" algae), Balanus sp. and Mytilidae within the 0.25-m quadrats was determined by laying a 2.5-m line within the fixed quadrat and recording the presence of organisms under each of l 1 50 points on the line. The line was laid three times for a total of 150 l records per quadrat. The percent frequency of epiphytes on fucold algae I was determined (before any algae was disturbed) within each quadrat by the " point contact" method. In this case, the 2.5-m line was laid within the 0.25-m 2quadrat once and the presence of epiphytes on the fucold algae under each of the 50 points on the line was recorded, i Bottom Panels To obtain information on recruitment of sessile benthic organisms (short-term panels) and their patterns of succession (long-term panels) on hard substrate, bluestone plates measuring 50 cm x 50 cm were pieced by SCUBA divers, on steel frames set into large cement arrays, 0.5 m off the bottom, at Stations B04, B19, B31, and B34 (Tables 4.2-1, 4.2-2). At each station, short-term panels were placed on the array in December 1987, and April and August 1988 for approximately 120 days, and collected in April, August and December of 1988. A long-term panel was placed at each station in August 1987, and collected in August 1988. Each panel was placed by divers in a sealed container while still on the bottom to eliminate loss of organisms in transit to the surface. 29
l , 1 l .. y 4.2.1.2- Laboratory Methods j
]
Benthic Destructive l l-All marit.e subtidal and intertidal-destructive samples were washed over a.1.0-mm sieve prior to preservation. Organisms collected ~! in all hard substrate quantitative (destructive) samples were first1 separated from the algae collected'within the sample. Faunal samples: were then preserved in' 6% buffered formalin; algal samples 'were frozen. During May and. November destructive sempling periods, only
. dominant species were identified and counted. Animals not designated as dominents were left in the samples and archived for future reference.
The dominant species were determined from previous studies to'be those taxa which are the most useful as indicators of overall community type in the study' area. Species counts for each replicate were converted to : abutidance per square meter before any s stistical computations were ' a made. During August, all dominant species as well as other non - colonial ~ organisms in-the faunal quantitative samples were identified to the lowest possible taxor and count ed. When parts..of animsis were found, only heads, central discs os hinged shells.were counted. Colonial taxa were identified and *isted as present with'a count of-zero. All counts were converted tt. abundance per square meter. The-abundance of spirorbid polychaetes at Stations B19 and B31 was estimated-from ten algal subsamples, one subsample. from each field replicate. At' each station the spirorbid polychaetes present on the algal species Phy11ophora sp. were counted and identified and the density was con-verted to an areal estimate based on the dry weight of the algal sub-samples. 30
T Subtidal Transects Subtidal' transect data were-tabulated separately for each 1-m area along a transect. The following values were calculated: For Nodfolus modlolus: mean density and standaro , deviation per square meter; total number.of animals I divided by number of 1-m' areas sampled (Stations'B17 and B35, n = 42 and Stations B19 and B31, n = 12). ) l For Strongylocentrotus droebachlensis: mean density-and I standard deviation per square meter; total number of ani-mais dividsd by number of 1-m' areas' sampled (n = 42). Intertidal Non-destructive. I I Intertidal non-destructive data were tabulated separately for 2 each 0.25-m sample. The following values were calculated: Percent frequency (% F) for fucold algae and gastropods = l the number of subc'1 visions in which species occur divided j by 16, multiplied by 100. ! l Percent frequency (% F) for "understory" algae, I Balanus sp. and Mytilidae = the average number of points (of three replicates) under which the species occurred' divided by 50, multiplied by 100. : Percent cover (% C) = field estimate for the entire { 0.25-m' sample. j Bottom Panels ! l Short-term and long-term panel plates were analyzed non- l destructively for Balanus sp. and Spirorbidae. Densities were estimated 2 i by placing a 0.25-m polyethylene sheet divided into 100 equal sized l cells over the panel surface, and computing the average number of ! l organisms over six randomly selected cells and multiplying by 100. Percent cover of Hydrozoa and Bryozoa, plus any abundant algae species l 31 l
l 1 2 on long-term panels was estimated in the following manner. A 0.25-m polyethylene sheet marked with 100 randomly placed circles was placed . 1 over the panel surface and the total number of instances an organism . I occurred within a circle was determined. All panels were analyzed ; destructively for sessile bivalves and solitary chordates. Densities of sessile bivalves at selected stations were estimated by placing the sample into a tray of 36 equal sized cells, computing the average number of organisms over five randomly selected cells and multiplying by 36 I i (Appendix Tables 7-12, 7-13). Animals were identified to species and J enumerated, f i l l I 4.2.2 Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION i DESTRUCTIVE SAMPLING l l 7-1 Mean density and standard deviation of dominant species at selected subtidal and intertidal stations l
- 7-2, 3 Mean density and standard deviation of dominant species by sample period 7-4, 5 Mean density and standard deviation of all macrofaunal species (colonial species present only) at all stations in August 7-6 Mean density, standard deviation, and number of species at all stations in August 7-7 Surface type and percent cover of macroalgae at benthic stations by month 7-8 Abundance of spirorbid polychaetes on Phy11ophora sp. in August 32
APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION SUBTIDAL TRANSECTS 7-9 Mean density and standard deviation of Modfolus modiolus 2 7-10 Total number and number /m og Strongylocentratus droebachlensis INTERTIDAI,NON-DESTRUCTIVE l 7-11 Percent frequency of selected fauna BOTTOM PANELS 2 7 - 1.2 Abundance of sessile taxa on 0.25-m short-term (4 months exposure) bottom panels i 7-13 Density, percent cover, or presence / j absence of sessile taxa from 0.25-m 2 i long-term (one year exposure) bottom ! panels ) i ( 1 i 33 L___________._______
N , B5MLW _B5MSL p /lB31l . i U rrLE s BOARS , FARRELD AREA,, HEAD IB35f I b 18 9 '
.i/
; 5 37 GREAT 9 BOARS l l ,g HEAD HAMPTON
. f'EACH I lntake ' ##
*** lB16 l lB13l!
MR I s g... or.na"
.....{ B1MLWl.
lB17) NEARRELDAREA Q SEABROOK 'ik"I lB1MsLP STATION -' jyyr.,
./-
... W IB
'9I h Discharge ,.
p- ., aunow .
*'**",{
,, EABR00 BEACH l ,
18
\ %
18
% 18 - 0 $ 's N e/, i ,
0 2 KILOMETERS 1 SAUSBURY SCALE CONTOUR DEPTH IN MF.ERS l l = benthic samples O #riecen oei-0 6=th Figure 4.2-1. Benthic marine sampling stations. Seabmok Envimnmental Studies,1988. 34
il 1 1 l TABLE 4.2-1. BENTHIC STATION LOCATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 1988.
)
J DEPTila ,b LOCATION rr ft STATION . LONGITUDE LATITUDE HARD SUBSTRATES 4.6 15 17 70'47'37" 42'54'00" Algae covered ledge (95%) and crustose covered ledge (5%) C 4.6 15 35 70'46'07" 42'57'22" Algae covered ledge (85%) and boulders (15%) 9.4 31 31' 70'45'29" ~42'58'04" Algae covered rocks (30%) mussel beds (60%) and cobble (10%) 9.4 31 16 70 47'03" 42'54'16" Algae covere'd ledge (75%) and mussel beds (25%) 12.2 40 19 70'47'13" 42'53'40" Algae covered ledge' and boulders-(60%) and mussel beds (40%) 18.3 60 13 70'46'58" 42'53'54" Algae covered ledge and boulders (40%) mussel beds (55%) and cobble (5%) 18.9 62 4 70'45'59" 42'53'23" Mussel beds (70%) and algae covered ledge (30%) 21.0 69 34 70'44'06" 42*57'15" Mussel beds (60%) and algae covered ledge and boulders (40%) j i 0.3 1 1MLW 70'47'41" 42'53'56" Algae covered ledge (90%) mussel bed (10%) 1.3 4 1MSL 70'47'46" (2'53'50" Algae covered ledge (100%) 0.3 1 SMLW" 70*45'36" 4:J'58 ' 19" Algae covered ledge and I boulder (90%) mussel bed (10%) 1.3 4 SMSL 70'45'44" 42'58'12" Algae covered ledge (100%)
" depth below mean low water subtidal station depth above mean low water intertidal station c
control stations l
- 35
TABLE 4.2-2.
SUMMARY
OF METHODS FOR BENTHIC MARINE SUBTIDAL SAMPLES. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 1988. I METHOD STATION MONTHS SAMPLED Destructive Abundance of all non- B1MLM, B5MLM, August colonial taxa or presence B04, B13, B16, B17, of colonial species B19, B31, B34, B35 Abundance of dominant B1MLW, B5MLW, May August November j species B17, B19, B31, B35 l r l Abundance of spirorbid B19, B31 August , polychaetes on f Phyllophora sp. l l In situ Non-destructive intertidal B1MSL, B5HSL April July December I 1 Intertidal transects B1MSL, B5MSL April July December l Subtidal transects Abundance of Nodfo1us B17, B19, B31, B35 April July October modlolus and S. droebachlensis Bottom Panels Abundance of selected B19, B31, B04, B34 April August December sessile taxa 36
4.3 MARINE MACR 0 ALGAE 4.3.1 Methods 4.3.1.1 Field Methods Quantitative Sampling Quantitative sampling of subtidal and intertidal macroalgae was accomplished according.to the methods in Section 4.2.1. In May, August and November, selected subtidal stations (B17, B1", B31, B35) were sampled; in August samples were also collected at four additional subtidal stations (B04, B13, B16,'B34). Intertidal samples were col-1ected at Stations B1MLW and B5MLW for all three sample periods. Five replicate samples were collected at each station and general' collections of macroalgal species (including fucoid species and kelps) were compiled for subtidal and intertidal stations in May, August and November. In addition, macroalgae from MSL (mean sea level), and from tide' pools in the MLW (mean low water) and MSL zones, were collected at each inter- ; tidal station. In August, general collections also included crustose algal species. A summary of methods for macroalgal studies is shown in Table 4.3-1. t Subtidal Transects Dominant subtidal "understory" algae were sampled non-destruc-tively at Stations B17, B19, B31 ahd B35 in April, July and October. , Six replicate band transects (1 m x 7 m) were surveyed along pre-selected random compa'ss azimuths' radiating from the center of each- ] station. Along each transect line were 20 equally spaced markings (total number per station = 120) under which the occurrence (e.g., presence / absence) of the dominant "understory" macroalgae (Chondrus I crispus, Phyllophora spp. or Ptllota serrata) was noted. The substrate 37 l __.---._-------_n___ _, ,
,j i
type (rock, cobble or mixt'ute) was also noted.for each of the six transects'at a given station. ]
,j 2
All kelp species within each 1-m quadrat along.the transects were identified, counted and percent cover was recorded; any basinarla sp. ] less than six inches and Agarum cribrosum less than three inches were
-categorized as " juvenile" and not recorded. Because of historical-evidence of high densities of Agarum cribosum at Stations B19 and'B31, only twelve 1-m quadrats were sampled for A.' cribosus at each of those l
_two stations (2 per transect). 1 Intertidal Non-Destructive i l Three permanent' sites (0.25 m ), one " bare" rock, one Fucus spp.-covered, and one Chondrus crispus-covered, at each intertidal station (B1MSL, B5MSL) were sampled non-destructively during April, July and December (see Section 4.2.1). Intertidal transects were sampled
]
simultaneously during those months to record the frequency of the fuccid j algae (Fucus spp. and Ascophy11um nodosum) over a larger band of the MSL . 1 zone. A 9.5-m line was laid between two fixed points in the MSL zone 'l and the occurrence of plants under each of 20 points on the line was i recorded. Three replicate transects were recorded. . 1 l 4.3.1.2 Laboratory Methods ! t Quantitative samples were initially separated into plant and > animal fractions (see Section 4.2.1). The macroalgal portion of each sample was preserved by freezing. Sample analysis included sorting, , i identification and dry-weight biomass determination of each species (to 1 0.01 g); plants were dried at 105*C for approximately 24 hours. 1' ! 38
s 1 l l I i Species lists were compiled from collections (general and l destructive) in May, August and November. The presence or absence of crustose algae was also recorded from general collections in August.
-All crustose algal species, along with any other unknown species,.were identified by Dr. Arthur C. Mathieson, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. In quantitative samples, taxonomic " lump-ing" was necessary in some cases: algae identified as Chaetomorpha spp.
are a complex of C. aerea, C. brachygona and C. linum, however, C.'aerea has not been collected since 1981. Phy11ophora spp. includes P. pseudoceranoides and P. truncata. Cystoclonium purpureum v. cirr-hosum has been reported herein as Cystoclonium purpureum, since this is the only variety reported in this locale and in fact may be an ecotype. 4.3.1.3 Data Analysis l Quantitative Data l l The biomass value for each algal species from all destructive 3
.j samples was converted to biomass per square meter before any calcula- )
tions were made. The mean, standard deviation and percent composition )
)
of biomass per square meter was determined for each algal species'at I each station during each sampling period. In. addition, the mean, standard deviation and percent composition of biomass'per square meter was calculated separately for all stations sampled during August. The overall mean biomass per square meter (all species combined), standard j deviation, sum and the number of species was computed for each station
]
for each sample period. ] 1 A list was compiled of all unique macroalgal species identi- l fled from all general collections and destructive samples at each of the l intertidal and subtidal stations sampled. The total number of unique taxa from all destructive samples and general collections at each i station was calculated by pooling all collections at a given station and l l 39
~
l ! enumerating the number of taxa in each phy]um. The total number of unique taxa at all subtidal and intertidal stations was determined by pooling all destructive samples and general collections from each sample period and enumerating the number of taxa. I Subtidal Transects The maan, median and range of the number of plants, and percent cover for each kelp species from non-destructive subtidal stations was determined based on a total of 42 one-m quadrats at each station, except for Agorum cribosum at Stations B19 and B31 where only twelve quadrats were sampled per station. The percent frequency of dominant "understory" algal species was calculated for each station by enumerating species at 120 points along six transects at each station. The percent frequency was determined by dividing the number of occurrences by the total possible occurrences (120) and converting to a percentage. The mean percent cover of substrate type (rock, cobble or mixture) was also calculated based on a total of 42 one-m2 quadrats per station. Intertidal Non-Destructive The following values were calculated for perennial and
" ephemeral" macroalgae from intertidal non-destructive sampling sites (0.25-m ):
Percent frequency (% F) for fucold algae = the number of l subdivisions in which species occur divided by 16, I multiplied by 100. Percent frequency (% F) for epiphytes on fucoid algae = the mean number of points (of three replicates) under which epiphytes occurred divided by 50, multiplied by 100. 40
Percent frequency (% F) for " ephemeral" algae = the average number of points (of three replicates) under which the' species occurred divided by 50, multiplied by 100. Percent 2 cover (% C) = field estimate for the entire 0.25 m sample. The mean percent frequency of fucold algae present in April, July, and December at fixed transect sites was calculated based on the mean of three replicates of the number of occurrences a given species was present along the transect line, divided by the total possible occurrences (20), multiplied by 100. 4.3.2 Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION GENERAL COLLECTIONS, DESTRUCTIVE 8-1 Mean biomass by species by selected stations and sample period 8-2 Standard deviation of species biomass by selected stations and sample period 8-3 Percent composition of species biomass by selected stations and sample period 8-4 Sum, overall mean biomass and standard deviation and numb 3r of species by selected stations and sample period 8-5, 8-6 Mean, standard deviation and percent composition of species biomass by all stations in August 8-7 Sum, overall mean biomass, standard deviation and number of species by all stations in August l l 41 l
t , . 4'
' APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION GENERAL COLLECTIONS. DESTRUCT 1VES 8 List.of. unique' species occurrence by station'and sample ~ period.
,. 8-9 Total numbers of unique taxafby station SUBTIDAL TRANSECTS I
8-10, 8-11L Kelps;.mean, median.and range ~of
. percent' cover and.numberfof plants
-by, station and' sample' period' l 8-12' Understory algae; percent' frequency-of occurrence by station and sample-period Substrate type; mean percent cover- -
by station and sample period. INTERTIDAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE 8-13 Perennial and " ephemeral"' species; percent frequency and percent cover. by tidal amplitude, sample period-and station Epiphytes on fucold algae; total percent frequency and presence / absence 8-14 Fucold-algae; mean percent frequency of occurrence and' standard deviation by station and sample period. l y
.i i
42
l TABLE 4.3-1..
SUMMARY
OF METHODS FOR SUBTIDAL AND INTERTIDAL' HACR0 ALGAL STUDIES. ' SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL' STUDIES,1988. METHOD ' STATION MONTHS SAMPLED DESTRUCTIVE Subtidal j 5-0.0625 m' quadrats B17..B19 B31, B35 May, August,' November B04, B23, B16, B34 August i i
- General collections B17, B19, B31, B35 May, August, November l B04, B13, B16, B34 August l
Intertidal 5-0.0625 m' quadrats B1MLW, B5MLW May, August, November General collections (a) B1MLW, B1HSL. May, August, November B5MLW, B5MSL May, August, November NON-DESTRUCTIVE Subtidal transect study )' Kelps (b) (No./m2 , B17, B19, B31, B35 April, July, October
% cover)
Dominant underst.ory B17, B19, B31, B35 April, July, October algao(c) (% frequency) Substrate type (d) B17, B19, B31, B35 April, July, October ) (% cover) Intertidal Transects Dominant fucoids(e) B1MSL, B5MSL April, J.*y, December (% frequency, standard deviation) i Intertidal Sampling 3-0.25 m' fixed quadrats B1MSL, B5MSL April, July, December l Includes: ! Dominant fucoids (% cover, % frequency) Epiphytes on Fucoid alga 6 (% frequency) I All other algae present (% frequency) (a) Samples from tide pools also collected at each height. (b)Agarum cribrosum, Alaria esculenta, Laminarla digitata, Laminaria saccharina (c)Chondrus crispus, Phyllophora spp. (P truncata/P. pseudoccranoides), Ptilota serrata (d) rock, cobble, mixture (e)Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus spp. (F. resiculosus, F. distichus ssp. edentatus, F. distichus ssp. evanescens). 43
'(,
I 414- SURFACE FOULING PANELS i l 4.4.1 flethods
.4.4.1.1 Field Methods. :
1 Fouling. panels were collected from January through December at: Stations B04, B19', B31, and~B34 (Figure 4.2-1). Panel feces L. consisted of 10.2-cm x,10.2-cm roughened Plexiglas plates bolted to a 1: , . pine block of equal size, both' attached by a PVC tube to an array system: designed to maintain panels vertically at a constant distance from the ocean floor (see NAI 1980). Panel depths below the' water surface ranged from 3 to 6 m depending on the tidal stage. 'Two array; systems were deployed at each station with one considered 'a main system 'and the other -
-I an auxiliary. Both were treated equally. Panels were collected and replaced on a monthly basis by SCUBA divers. Before removing a panel, divers covered it with a 0.79-mm mesh bag to prevent loss of attached plants and animals. On deck, the panel and mesh bag were put-in a I labeled plastic bag and stored in a cooler until delivered to the-laboratory for processing and preservation.(within 24 hours).. Divers also cicaned the array system monthly to reduce weight and keep the collecting panels free from interference by any accumulating growth -on the adjacent support structure.
Two different panel types were employed at each station (Table 4.4-1): -short-term panels (ST), exposed for one' month,=and monthly-sequential panels (MS), exposed for increasing time' periods from 1 months depending on the month collected. Two' replicate short-term panels and one monthly sequential panel were collected monthly at each of the four stations. In December, an additional MS panel was collected per station. Total days of exposure for each panel type at each station ; are listed in (Table 4.4-2). 'l u l: !
- i i
45
- i
O i1 1 1 1 (" 4.4.1.2 Laboratory Methods All panels were refrigerated until processed. Each panel was I dismantled and the panel. face was photographed. All fouling material was scraped off the wood block and the PVC tube. The scraped epibiota was rinsed over a 0.250-mm mesh sieve prior to storage or processing. For short-term panels, this material, and the intact panel face were stored in one container. For monthly sequential. panels, the intact 1 panel face and the scraped epibiota were stoic
- in separate containers.
All sample portions (for ST and MS) were preserved in 6% buffered formalin. The wood blocks from all MS panels were dried, split and examined for the presence of wood boring organisms. All Laminaria sp., except juvenile plants (<3 cm long), were cut off the monthly sequential j panels as close to the holdfast as possible without disturbing the fouling community. Laminaria sp. blades were rinsed to remove motile fauna, counted and frozen for subsequent biomass analysis. l A summary of analyses completed by replicate is included in Table 4.4-1. All animal species collected on both ST replicates each month and one December MS replicate, were identified and enumerated, l Colonial animals were enumerated by determining the percent frequency of 2 6 occurrence on the panel face using a 100-cm grid frame. Colonial 1 1 species were recorded as "present" when found in the sample but not I directly on the panel face. Monthly sequential panels were evaluated taxonomically using quantitative techniques similar to those used by Mueller-Dombols and E11enberg (1974) and Rastetter and Cooke (1979). A 2 100-cm Brid frame was placed over the MS panel face .3 determine the percent frequency occurrence of selected dominant (colonial and non-colonial) species. Counts were estimated for non-colonial species and an abundance range was recorded. Selected dominant species were recorded as "present" when found in the sample, but not on the MS panel face. Individuals recorded as "present" were not included in calcula-tions of mean count. 46
1 l I l Morphological studies were conducted for a random sampling of J 200 Mytilidae and 100 Jossa falcata collected from MS panels. Mytilidae shell lengths were measured and recorded in 0.1-mm increments. Jassa falcata were also measured to the nearest 0.1 mm and separated into'the ) following groups: males, females, ovigerous, females with brood, and immature (those lacking distinct sexual morphological characteristics). Female amphipods with eggs or brood were recorded as such, though actual I egg and !r.ood counts were not made. All Jassa falcata and Mytilidae measured at less than 1.0 mm were grouped and recorded as <1.0 mm. i Individuals in that size-class were not included in calculations of mean lengths.
)j l
i Macroalgae were identified to species where possible for short-term and monthly sequential panels. Percent frequency on the panel face or a "P" for present (if found in the sample, but not on the panel face) was recorded. Laminaria sp. blades were counted, but not measured in 1988. DJatom percent frequency on the panel face was recorded for ST and MS panels. As with colonial animals, percent frequency was obtained by placing a 100-cm grid frame over the panel face. Each square centimeter represented one percent frequency occur-rence of algae or diatoms. Counts of Mytilidae from December MS panels were determined by the volumetric analysis of randomly selected subsamples within i designated size classes. Degree of randomness, and therefore j statistical validity of the subsampling was determined by testing the ! means of five aliquots of 100-125 individual mytilids with a Poisson Distribution at a 95% probability using a chi-square comparison. 1 1 Biomass dry-weight from ST (one of each pair of replicates) and all MS panels was determined after taxonomic processing. Fauna and l flora scraped from the panel face were recombined with the frozen l Laminaria sp. blades and sample scrapings, then dried at 105 C to a constant weight. A mean weight was obtained for the two December MS panel replicates. l 47 I i
1 l < l 1 i
, 4.4.2 Results.
l APPENDIX TABLE'NO. DESCRIPTION 1' SHORT-TERM PANELS: ALL TAXA-9-1 Hean: count and percent frequency en. short term panels I i Total number of. species-and 9-2 abundance for non-colonial fauna,- colonial fauna, diatoms,.and'.- l < macroalgae 1 l . I SELECTED SPECTES-JASSA FALCATA 9-3 Mean size, standard deviation, and j number of individuals measured. i 9-4 Size-class (mm) distribution 9-5 Percent - size-chss distribution 9-6 Number and percent of each sex and reproductive stage
.j SELECTED SPECIES-MYTILIDAE ]
9-7 Size-class (mm) distribution 9-8 Percent size-class-distribution l
. MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL PANELS. l 9-9 Abundance and percent frequency of' fauna on 12-month panels, 9-10 Percent frequency occurrence and ,
relative- abundances of selected. l dominant taxa 9-11 Percent frequency occurrence of diatoms and macroalgae- j 9-12 Dry-weight biomass , 9-13 Laminarla.sp. total count 48
l I i
-l TABLE 4.4-1.
SUMMARY
OF ANALYSIS METHODS FOR ALL 1988 SURFACE FOULING PANELS. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES,1988.
'l I
l i NUMBER OF REPLICATES- ) 1
-MONTHLY MONTHLY SHORT TERM SEQUENTIAL, SEQUENTIAL i
'I ANALYSIS .(JAN-DEC) (JAN-NOV)' (DEC) l l
Totel Taxonomy 2' 1 i
% Frequency and Abundance l Class of Selected Dominant Species 1 1 ' '!
a Selected Species y 3 j ! l 1 ! % Frequency of Diatoms l and Macroalgae 2 1 1 Laminarla sp. Total Count i 1 b Dry-Weight Blomass 1 1 2 Marine Borers 1 1 ) 1
" = Life history study conducted for Jassa falcata and Mytilidae.
b = Mean weight per two replicate MS panels in December. j i i i i 8 49 1 1
-- -- --_---_-- _ _ _ - - _ L
d l l l TABLE 4.4-2. COLLECTION MON 1HS AND EXPOSURE TIMES (DAYS') FOR SHORT-TERM 1
'(ST) AND MONTHLY SEQUENTIAL (MS)-SURFACE FOULING PANELS. J SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL ST0 DIES,1988. I STATION B04 STATION B19 STATION-B31 STATION B34 HONTH ST MS ST HS: ST HS ST MS 1
JAN 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 FEB '36 64 36 '64 36. 65 36 46 5 'f MAR 28 92 28 92 28 93 28 93 ~l APR 34 1*e 6 34 126 34 127 34 127 MAY 27- 153 27 153 27 154 27 154
'JUN 29 182 29 182 29 183 29 183 JUL 34 216 34 216 34 217 34 217 AUG 28 244 28 244 28 245 28 245 !
SEP 28 272 28 272 28 273 28 27s DCT 34 306 34 306 34 307 34 307 NOV 22 328 22- 328 ;22 329 22 329
]
DEC 33 361 33 361 33 362 33 362 i l i J 4 50 ! i
4.5 SELECTED BENTHIC SPECIES 1 4.5.1 Methods 1 4.5.1.1 Field Methods The selected species program was conducted as part of the marine macrofauna study to collect information about the structure of populatio: s' of important taxa in the study area. Nine taxa were L selected for study in this program: the decapods Cancer 1rroratus and Cancer borealls (also Cancer sp. for speclir. ens too small to identify to species), the amphipods Pontogenela inermis, Jassa falcata and Ampithoe rubricata, the echinoderms Strongylocentrotus droebachlensis and Asteriidae, and the molluscs Nucella.lapillus and Mytilidae (includes Mytllus edulis and Hodlolus modlolus). These animals were l obtained from the destructive samples. collected from subtidal Stations B17, B19, B31 and B35; and intertidal Stations B1 MIN and B5MLW (See Section 4.2.1). A 0.79-mm mesh bag was used for sample collection and a 1.0-mm sieve mesh size was used in the laboratory. Each species was l analyzed from stations where they are generally most abundant, including a nearfield (experimental) and a farfield (control) station (Table l 4.5-1). l 1
\
4.5.1.2 Laboratory Methods b i In the laboratory, animals were separated from the algae, washed over a 1-mm sieve and then identified and counted. A maximum of . I three replicates per station were analyzed for selected species at each ; station in May, August and November. A predetermined number of individuals for each species was measured (according to methods specific to each species) to the nearest 0.1 mm. Female amphipods with eggs or brood were recorded as such to indicate potential recruitment to the populations, though actual egg or brood counts were not made. A summary 51 w___-___ _ _ - - - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - _ - - - _ _ __ -_-
of the stations' sampled, number of individuals processed, and method of-measurement for each species are presented in Table 4.5-1. No counts
~
were recorded of. damaged specimens which were not measured. Cancer borealis were not present in the replicates: analyzed-
~
for selected species at Stations B17 and B35. -Abundances for the 2 0.0625-m . replicates were converted to number per square meter.for all species studied in the selected species. program before calculations of~ mean abuEdance and< standard deviation were performed (Appendix Table-10-1). Mean size was calculated using weighted means.and non-transformed data. Size-class data was presented without transformation using the following guidelines: size-class <1 included all animals less than 1.0 mm; size-class 1 included animals between 1.0-1.9 mm; size-class 2 included animals between 2.0-2.9 mm, etc. 4.5.2 Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION 10-1 Selected species: mean abundance and standard de'viation by species, station and month 10-2 Jassa falcata: mean size, standard deviation and number of individuals measured ~by station and month 10-3 Jassa falcata: number and percent of adults, juveniles and females with eggs or brood by station and month 10-4 Jassa falcata: size-class distribution'(sum and percent) by station and month 1 10-5 Pontogeneia inermis': mean size, standard deviation and number of individuals measured by station and-month 52
APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION l i 10-6 Pontogencia inermis: number and percent of adults, juveniles and i females with eggs or brood by l station and month i 10-7 Pontogencia inermis: size-class l distribution (sum and percent) by ( station and month 10-8 'Ampithoe rubricata: mean size, standard deviation and number of Individuals measured by station and 1 month j l 10-9 Ampithoe rubricata: number and ) percent of adults, juveniles and j females with eggs or brood by ) 4 station and month 10-10 Ampithoe rubricata: size-class distribution (sum and percent) by station and month 10-11 Cancer irroratus: mean size, standard deviation and number of individuals measured by station ana month 10-12 Cancer irroratus: size-class l distribution (sum and percent) by station and month 10-13 Cancer sp.* mean size, standard deviation and number of individuals measured by station and month 10-16 Cancer sp.: size-class distribution (sum and percent) by station and month , 10-15 Mytilidae: mean size, standard: deviation and number of individuals measured by station and month 10-16 Mytilidae: size-class distribution (sum and percent) by station and. month 53
APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCR7PTION 10-17 Nucella lapillus: mean size, standard deviation and number of individuals measured by station and month 10-18 Nucella lapillus: size-class distribution (sum and percent) by station and month 10-19 Asteriidae: mean size, standard deviation and number of individuals measured by station and month 10-20 Aster 11dae: size-class distribution (sum and percent) by station and month 10-21 Strongylocentrotus droebachlensis: mean size, standard deviation and number of individuals measured by station and month 10-22 Strongylocentrotus droebachlensis: size-class distribution (sum and percent) by station and month 54
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. p e p e p e t t a c t )
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$ B B B B B B 8 B B B B 1
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. A n i t l r s T a i r a l t n S t b r i n e E a a u o p ei I c i r r . a e ch C l e r p e l a c c E a n e i s a d l a P f e e d a i y b S g h r r i l i g e a o t e e l l r n o s t i c c i e e o r s n p n n t c t r d a o m a a y u s t J P A C C t t
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l 4.6 EPIllENTHIC CRUSTACEANS 4.6.1 Hethods 4.6.1.1 Field Methods. The epibenthic crustaceans Romarus americanus, Cancer borealls. and Cancer 1rroratus-were collected at two offshore areas-from 5 June to 30 November. Fifteen traps were fished approximately three times per week, weather permitting,' near the discharge site and off Rye Ledge at l Stations L1'and L7, respectively (Figure 4.6-1). Lobsters were sexed and carapace lengths were recorded in the field in 1/2"' size classes ranging.from 2".to 4-1/2" as follows: Size Class Range. 2" <2-1/8" 2-1/2" 2-1/8" to 2-5/8" 3" .
>2-5/8" to 3-3/16" 3-1/2" >3-3/16" to 3-5/8" 4" >3-5/8" to 4-1/8" 4-1/2" >4-1/8" Lobsters measuring greater than 3 3/16" were classified as " legal"
'l according to the State of New Hampshire regulations. Egg-bearing. 4 females were recorded. Crabs were taken to the laboratory'and' frozen to be measured later.
Green crabs, Carcinus maenas,, were collected at four. estuarine locations, two. traps per location, on the perimeter of Flat 2 in Hampton-Harbor (Figure 4.6-2). The traps were fished biweekly January-December : 1 except for February and March when historically no crabs have been ) found. Samples were taken to the laboratory and frozen to be measured ) , later. l l i
~
l l 57 l _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ - _
l i s f 4.6.1.2 Laboratory Hethods I
, Carcinus maenas and Cancer spp. were enumerated, sexed and measured. In addition, egg-bearing females of each species were recorded. Carapace widths were measured to the nearest millimeter and entered into 5-mm size classes. ]
4.6.2 Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION AMERICAN LOBSTER i 11-1 Lobsters, catch per unit effort; percent composition by sex and reproductive condition 11-2 Lobsters, catch per unit effort; legal versus sublegal size classes 11-3 Lobsters, catch per unit effort; percent composition by size class ROCK CRABS AND JONAH CRABS l 11-4 Cancer spp., mean size by sex and reproductive condition 11-5 Cancer spp., catch per unit effort; composition by sex and reproductive condition GREEN CRABS 11-6 Carcinus asenas, catch per unit effort; percent composition by sex and reproductive condition ! l l , 1 : 58 l l
l N l
> RijLEtxiE U17LE FAnrno u ,
a BOARS y L7 so -
} ,<*
l l l T 6 37 GREAT 9 BOARS Q@
@ ffEAD
'8 0 IIAMPTON EACil BROWNS Intake s1 g ...
OM,
,, NMRFI D ARM
-.nwu SEABROOK
- ., k STATION ~: - , ,.
HAMPTON , stAnnooK HARBOn EABR00 18 L1 BEACil j
\ % -1s
/ , , , o .p 1, NAUTICAL MILE F
\"/ 0 1 2 KILOMETERS SAUSBURY SCALE CONTOUR DEPTH IN METERS
= Lotster1 raps Figum 4.6-1. Locations oflobster and rock crab trapping amas. Seabrook Environmental Studies,1988.
59
1 l
%/ j
]
l
% ,. / ' GREAT. ~
BOARS. i l .D : HEAD 1
- a s
oo ! RAMPmv RIVEx ,,e l s w wNs llC HAMPTON '"'*k* l river % BEACH 9y 9 - g
~- .BR
-I_l$$ yy
[* ,. ep., .,
*^
Seabrook Station <
- 3
,/ A**% ,<4 w( $ j. Ngj hr j g;.o. .
N, Discharco
\
g &ott::: e m Q ..:::: , MILT. CREEK % '/ l f BLACKWATER RIVER a SEABROOK BEACH l 1 (
. f no a.mp. hire _____
4p ---
- ,,,;n ,g, -
y
@ ((f ,
@ . clam nets E . Groen crabTrap Stations Q @ .Estuanne Salinities Figum 4.6-2. Hampton-Seabmok Estuary temperatum/ salinity, soft-shell clam (Mya arenaria) and green crab (Carcinus maenas) sampling stations. Seabmok Envimnmental Studies,1988.
1 60
-- . _ - - _ . _ _ . = - - . _ i
.I i
i l 4.1- HYA ARENARIA l I information on the larval stage of Mya arenaria is contained .] I in Section 3.2 (Bivalve Larvae) of this report. Similarly, information on the principal non-human predator on #ya arenaria, the green crat, Carcinus maenas, is contained in Section 4.6-(Epibenthic Crustaceans).
.\
l d
'4.7.1- Hethods ']
4.7.1.1 Spat and Adult Survey The five largest flats in the llampton-Seabrook Estuary (Figure 4.6-2) ware _ surveyed in the late fall to obtain information on Nya arenaria spat (1-25 mm) and juvenile and adult clams (>26 mm). Aerial photographs taken of the flats in September 1984 at mean low water were used to construct sampling maps. Flat acreages were calculated using those maps and an electronic planimeter with digital readout. Soft-shell clam populations were characterized by sampling 1 1 randomly-chosen stations on each flat. The number of stations sampled on each flat was determined on the basis of the variance observed at that flat in the 1987 clam flat survey. The numbers of samples processed for each flat are listed in Table 4-7.1. Flats 3 and 5 were l- not sampled for adults, l Spat samples, three 10.2-cm diameter x 10.2-cm deep cores, (4 inch diameter x 4 inch deep) and adult samples, one 0.18-m area x f '45-em depth, ('2 ft2 x 18" deep) were' collected concurrently, placed into .; labeled plastic bags, and transported to the field laboratory for-enumeration and measurement. These measurements were used to generate length-class distributions. l 61
l' Individual sample counts were converted to numbers per square foot (0.093 m ) and to estimates of harvestable clams (bushels per. acre) using a table of clam volumes (byfsize) provided in B6lding (1930). To express results in terms of standing crop (bushels of clams'on the entire flat), the estimate was multiplied by flat surface area (acres), The annual sampling program,.due.to the randomization of' sampling effort, provided;a representativeLquantitative estimate of spat
- l. densities for the Hamptor-Seabrook flats as a whole, which included areas both favorable a, unfavorable tv spot settlement.
i L 4.7.1.2 Spat Survey - Fir.ed Stations To compare population densities of spat (seed) cisms, surveys were conducted in late October on two Hampton Harbor Flats,'and on three flats in an adjacent estuary in northern Massachusetts (Figures 4.6-2, 4.7-1 and Table 4,7-2). Samples were collected and processed using the same methods employed in the spat and adult survey described above, with an additional-1-cm deep x 35-mm diameter core taken for analysis of newly-set soft-shell clam spat (<1.0 mm). The fixed station program provided relative estimates of geographical distribution with emphasis on high yield locations. Sampling sites were fixed on the basis of historic evidence of high productivity.
]
4.7.1.3 Clammer Counts 1 The impact of human predation on the Nya arenarla population ! was gauged every Friday and some Saturdays during the clamming season ; 1 (September through May) by recording the number of-clam diggers on each flat approximately one half hour before low slack tide. Counts were' i l l 62 j
'I I
taken at this time based on data obtained in 1984'which showed th'at the highest numbers of clammers were on the flats-just before low tide. The total number.of digger trips in a season is the sum of Friday trips plus an estimate of Saturday trips. The estimate'of Saturday trips is based on the ratio between available sets of paired Friday / Saturday counts from 1983-to 1988.
'4.7.1.4 PSP Toxicity Levels Paralytic shellfish }s.soning levels in Mytflus edulis in Hampton Harbor were acquired from the New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services.
4.7.2 Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION 12-1 .Mean densities (per sq. ft.)and standard deviation of spat Nya arenarla 12-2 Mean densities (per sq. ft.)and standard deviation of juvenile and adult-Hya arenaria 12-3 Mean densities (per sq. ft.) of . soft-shell clam spat (Nye arenaria) from fixed station' surveys in two estuaries - 12-4 Standing crop estimates of Mya arenaria 12-5 Summary of st2nding crop estimates of adult Nya~arenaria,
-1967-1988 63
l I l APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION i i l 12-6 Size-class distribution of Mya ; arenaria 12-7 Distribution of clam diggers-number and percent of total on each flat, and estimated number of
-bushels removed, from January-through May and September through December 12-8 Paralytic shellfish poisoning )
(PSP)' toxicity levels in Mytilus l edulis from Hampton Harbor l l l' APPENDIX FIGURE NO. l 12-1 Size-class distribution of #ra arenaria in Hampton-Seabrook Estuary. Log transformed I density 1 I l 64
YORKRlVER N
\
\
D TSMOUTH ?Q W iEHARBOg SH . ,.fo oN-S ABROOK t g yg
\.
MERRufACK RIVER :/ ' PLUM ISLAN[ SOUND (IPSWITCH. MA) NAUTicAlMILES
'o 0 to
.b SCALE l
l $$ STUDYSITES l
)
Figurc 4.71* S"'DP ling sites for Mya arenaria spal Scabrook EnVIIDinental Studics,198g, 65
TABLE 4.7-1. NUMBER OF NYA ARENARIA SAMPLES PROCESSED DURING THE ANNUAL FALL' SURVEY IN HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY, 1988. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 1988. ..., l FLAT SPAT. ADULT
- 1. 62 70 2 25 55
~
a. 3 30 4 28 40 a 5 25 All 170 165 ; I ."Not sampled for adults L l 66 a____-___-____________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ . .
l 1 i 1 TABLE'4.7-2. CLAM SPAT FIXED STATION SAMPLING EFFORT. SEABROOK: l ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 1988. 1 NO. OF
. LOCATION ,
STATIONS DATES Plum Island Sound, MA-Middle Ground 5 26 Oct l-
' Lufkiri's Flat 3-Nut Shoal 2 .
Hampton Harbor, NH Flat 2 5 28 Oct .J Flat 4 5 l 1 l
-1 l
1 l 67
i
'5.0- WATER QUALITY l
5.1 PLANKTON CRUISE
-5.1.1 Hethods i 1
5.1.1.1 -Field Methods l 1 Near-surface (-1 m) water samples were collected during- j daylight hours with a General Oceanics 8-t water sampler from the' intake, discharge, and farfleid sites, Stations P2, P5 and P7, respec-
]
tively (Figure 2.1-1). Collections were taken once in January,' February ) and December and twice. monthly from March through November in l conjunction with macrozooplankton/ichthyoplankton sampling (Section- j 3.1.1.1). From each water collection, (3.785 f) one gallon was reserved for chlorophyll a determinations, 500 ml reserved for nutrient analysis.
'l At all stations, temperature and conductivity profiles were taken four times per month with a Beckman thermistor / salinometer (Model RSS-3) in conjunction with macrozooplankton/ichthyoplankton sampling (Section 2.1.1). On 19 and 29 December,' profiles were taken with a YSI (Model 33) S-C-T Meter. Due to severe weather conditions, samples were not taken on 15 April and 15 December. Duplicate _ dissolved oxygen samples and a salinity sample were also collected near-surface and near-bottom. Dissolved oxygen samples were fixed in the field with I manganous sulfate and alkaline iodide-azide.
L 5.1.1.2 Laboratory Methods Chlorophyll a water samples were divided into two 900-ml subsamples (two 1800-mf subsamples-in January, February and December) and filtered through a glass fiber filter. Near the end of filtration, 1 mE of saturated MgCO 3 solution was added to retard sample degradation. 69
Glass fiber filters were frozen pending laboratory. extraction of pig-ment. -Plant pigment was extracted by macerating the filter in 90% aqueous acetone and centrifuging. Following extraction, fluorescence was determined before;and.after: acidification (with 5% HC1) using a Turner fluorometer which'had been calibrated spectrophotometrically
'(Strickland and Parsons 1972, U.S. EPA 1973). Chlorophyll a and phaeophytin concentrations (mg/m 3) were computed.
c:
'Jater samples were also analyzed for the following series of
~
. plant nutrients utilizing a Technicon Autoanalyzer system and EPA Methods (U.S. EPA 1973, 1974)- and concentrations.were expressed as-pg/E:
NUTRIENTS ANALYTICAL METHOD total phosphorus persulfate digestion in autoclave followed by automated calorimetric ascorbic' acid reduction orthophosphate automated calorimetric ascorbic' acid' , reduction nitrite automated cadmium reduction, without cadmium column in place nitrate automated cadmium reduction l ammonia automated phenate Dissolved Oxyr.en The fixed samples were processed following EPA guidelines, within eight hours of collection. Sulfamic acid was added and'the dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/l) was then determined t titrimetrically by the azide' modification of the Winkler Method (Strickland and Parsons 1972). 70 _ - _ - - _ - _ _ n
I i l 1 i 5.1.2 Results ] APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION ! l 13-1 Chlorophyll a and plant nutrients by j sampling date and statioa 13-2 Water quality data collected for ' times per month on plankton cruises a I 71 l l
5.2 ESTUARINE d 5.2.1 Methods 5.2.1.1 Field Methods Temperature / Salinity Sampling was conducted from January through December at two sample sites: Browns River (BR) (estuarine benthic Station 3) and l Hampton Harbor (HH) (Figure 4.6-2). Surface salinity samples and a temperature measurements were taken once a week at high and low slack water. Sampling and laboratory analysis of the Browns River samples were conducted by Seabrook Station personnel. 5.2.1.2 Laboratory Analysis At Station BR, salinity was determined using argentometric titration (Method 210-C in Standard Methods for Examination of Water and . Wastewater, American Public ifealth Assoc. 1985). At Station HH, salinity was determined using a 3echm:;n digital salinometer (Model RS7-C). At both stations, temperature was taken at the water surface with a 76-mm immersion thermometer, calibrated to 0.1 C. 5.2.2 Results APPENDIX TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION 13-3 Estuarine seawater temperature and salinity by station and date 73
i 1 i I i 6.0
SUMMARY
l 6.1 1CimiYOPIANKTON 3
- 1) The overall abundance (annual mean of 7321/1000 m for all species combined) of fish eggs in 1988 was only slightly higher than that observed in 1987 (6954/1000 3
m ). This abundance was 31% 1ower than the mean for the twelve year period between 1976-1987 (10641/1000 m ) but 3 was 43% higher than the 1984 mean (5131/1000 m ), the lowest overall abundance recorded during this period.
- 2) The three taxa whien contributed the highest number of eggs in 1988 were cunner /yellowtail flounder (Labridae/
Limanda and Tautogolabris adspersus), hake (Urophycis and Enchelyopus/Urophycis) and Atlantir mackerel (Scamber scombrus), together accounting for 94% of eggs collected during the year. These three groups have consistently been dominants in past years. Two of these three groups decreased slightly from 1987 to 1988. Cunner /yellowtail 3 decreased from 4423/1000 m to 4278/1000 n , while 3 Atlantic mackerel decreased from 1498/1000 m to 1070/1000 m . Hakes, the only taxon of the three to increase, increased 210% over last year's total abundance , I (from 448 to 1513/1000 m ), a level that was twice that 3 reported in 1986 (751/1000 m ).
- 3) Overall egg abundances differed slightly from station to station in 1988 (6891/1000 m at P2, 7824/1000 m at P5 and 7248/1000 m at P7); the percent composition of the three dominant taxa combined also differed slightly from station to station (93% at both P2 and P5 and 96% at P7).
Cunner /yellowtail flounder were more abundant at P7 3 (5095/1000 m ) than at either P2 or P5 with a percent 75 ( L _ --- -
-- 1
]
1 1 composition-at-Station P7'of'70%. Hakes were more abundant at PS (1993/1000 m ) than at'P2 or P7 and had a percent composition at Station P5'of 25%. Atlantic mackerel, the last of tha three dominant taxa was more abundant'at P2.(1449/2000 m ) than at P5 or P7. Percent-
. composition for this. species at P2 was 21%.
-4) Atlantic whiting (#erlucclus billnearis), normally one of the less abundant species in past years, has been slowly i 3
increasing in abundance since 1985 (from 25/1000 m to 74/1000 m3 ),
- 5) Overall abundance'(annual mean of 1369/1000.m for all species combined) of fish larvae in 1988 was.almost identical to those observed.in 1986 and.1987 (1322/1000 m and 1362/1000 3m respectively), and'was slightly lower than the mean-for the twelve year period 1976-1987 (1483/1000 m ). Except for the years of 1984 and 1985 3
when abundances were 608/1000 3m and 699/1000.m respec-tively, overall abundances of fish larvae:have' remained relatively constant since 1982.
- 6) The two most abundant species of larvae in 1988 were cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) and American sand lance q (Ammodytes americanus), together accounting for 73% of all~ larvae collected during the year. Cunner larvae, which ranked second in abundance in 1987, increased 235%
3 (from 237 to 795/1000 m ) in 1988 and alone accounted for 58% of all larvae collected. American sand-lance ranked second in abundance in 1988, increasing 168% (from 77 to-206/1000 m ) over the'1987 abundance, but was still lower .; than the. abundance for 1986 (496/1000 m ). 76 I
- 7) Atlantic mackerel, tha most abundant species of fish larvae in 1987, ranked tenth in abundance in 1988 (18/1000 m3 ) down from a twelve-year high of 666/1000 m 3. I All other species had abundances within their ranges for I the past twelve years, i
- 8) Overall larval abundances differed slightly from station 3
to station in 1988 (975/1000 m at P2, 1268/1000 m at P5, and 1863/1000 m at P7), similar to results in 1987. 9 Percent composition of the two most abundant taxa com- 4 i bined (cunner and sand lance) varied from 66% at Station P2 to 71% at P7 to 81% at Station P5.
- 9) Cunner larvae were most abundant at P7 (1123/1000 m )
while American sand lance larvae were most abundant at P5 3 (299/1000 m ). Of the seven other selected species present at all stations: Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), Atlantic cod (Gadus mothua), hake (Urophycis sp.), Atlantic horring (Clupea barengus), pollock l (Pollachius virens), and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginca), only winter flounder and hake varied in abundance from station to station. Winter flounder were 3 much more abundant at P7 (132/1000 m ) than at P2 or PS (20 and 14/1000 m respectively). Hake were more 3 i abundant at P2 and P7 (38 and 33/1000 m respectively) 3 than at Station P5 (13/1000 m ). The other selected species abundances varied little from station to station.
- 10) Species composition for fish eggs and larvae in 1988 was identical to those for previous years with'one exception.
Fourspot flounder (Paralichthys oblongus) eggs, a species not very common to the inshore areas of flampton, had an abundance of 39/1000 m on 12 September at Station P2. 77 i u__-
1
- 11) Season of occurrence and time of peak abundance for fish eggs and larvae were similar to previous years for all species except Atlantic whiting (Herlucclus bilinearis) eggs. The season of occurrence for this species was similar to previous years, but the time of peak abundance was in July in 1988 compared with October in 1987.
1 i 1 I l l l l 78 l
i l
.1
'6.2 ' ADULT,FINFISH Beach Seines
)
- 1. Total beach seine' catch from April to November was 3589 l individuals. Atlantic.silversides'(Nenidia menidla),
nine-spine' stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) and mummichog species (Fundulus sp.)'were the dominants,- 1 comprising 93% of-the total catch. 'This ranking was similar to previous years.
- 2. Total catch was greatest in July (1,184), because of large numb'ers of nine-spine-stickleback (1,088). The majority (844) were collected at Station S1. This July peak in nine-spine stickleback was comparable with previous years. Total catch was also high.in September-(907) due to large numbers of. Atlantic silversides.
Annual CPUE for winter flounder was at a record low (1.0 I per tow) with only 50 individuals collected at the three-stations combined, compared with 69 in 1987.
- 3. Total number of species was greatest at Station S3 (17) followed by Station S2 (12) and Station S1 (9). Total catch was highest at Station S1 (2,069), and was due to large catches of Atlantic silversides'and nine-spine stickleback. CPUE for Atlantic silversides at all ;
stations combined was similar to 1987, but CPUE for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus), Fundulus sp., rainbow smelt (Osmerus wordar).and winter flounder y (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) was lower than in 1987. 1 I 79 R
y i
'l j
.i l Gill Nets
~
- 1. Total gill net. catch (791) was up 10% from 1987.
Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), Atlantic-herring ; (Clupea harengus harengus) and pollock (Pollachlus ; virens) comprised 70% of the total catch. Catches of ; Atlantic mackerel (235) were at their highest levels. since the study began in 1975. Their percent composition g in 1988 was nearly 30% of the. total catch compared to an -) average. percent' composition of 5% for the years 1976
- 1 1
through 1987. Catches of AtlanticL herring, blueback ] herring (Alops aestivalls) and Atlantic whiting l (#erlucclus bilinearis) were down 'slightly from 1987. 4 Nearly 60% of the finfish were collected at-Station G3 in 1988, but this has varied nearly every year due to the constant movement of pelagic fish. ,
- 2. CPUE for fish collected in mid-nets in 1988 was higher for Atlantic mackerel, Atlantic whiting and alewives (Alosa pseudoharangus) compared to the overall average CPUE for years when mid-nets were fished (1980-1987).
The species with greatest increase was Atlantic mackerel with a 1988 CPUE of 4.9 per mid-net compared to the seven-year average of 0.4 fish'per mid-net. However, Atlantic herring CPUE in 1988 (0.6) was substantially
' lower than the seven year average (3.5).
- 3. Total number of species was greatest from May-through November, when the majority of pelagic fish were in the-study area. These results were consistent with previous:
years. Total number of species (21) was up slightly from - 1987 (19), which was the lowest.value since the study began in 1975. 80
i Otter Trawls
- 1. 'Overall CPUE for trawls (59 per haul) was 13% higher than i 1
'1987 (52.2) and has increased. gradually since the record- .!
L. Iow set in 1985 (42.5), In most cases, total number'of individuals was greatest from summer through early_ f
. winter. Counts were low in September and October because l
l-Station T2.was not sampled. Elevated catches in~ February. : (, and March were due to large catches of juvenile rainbow - smelt (Osmerus mordax). I
- 2. Total numbers of yellowtail flounder ,(Limanda Ierruginea) .j I
-(1,576), rainbow smelt-(1,466), longhorn sculpin
~(Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus) (843) and skate species (Raja sp.) (756) accounted'for 58% of the total catch for-the year. All four of these dominant. species increased over 1987 levels, and rainbow smelt increased..to its highest level since the study began in 1975.
- 3. Station differences were comparable to previous years.
CPUE of yellowtail flounder, cod.(Cadus morhua),. hake species (Urophycis sp.) and' Atlantic whiting (#erlucclus. bilinearfs) were greater at the' deeper offsh' ore Stations T1 and T3, while rainbow smelt'and winter flounder CPUE f was higher at inshore Station T2. I: l
- )
81 ; 1 1
l i l l 1 6.3 ZOOPLANKTON l J I 6.3.1 Macrozooplankton i
- 1. Total macrozooplarston abundance (averaged over all 5
stations) in 1988 (3.7 x 10 /1000 m ) was similar to abundances observed in previous years. The highest j 5 density recorded occurred in 1979 (6.0 x 10 /1000 m ), f 5 the lowest occurred in 1980 (2.7 x 10 /1000 m ). I
- 2. Total macrozooplankton abundances at Stations P2 (3.6 x 5 5 10 /1000 m ) and P7 (3.2 x 10 /1000 m ) were lower than 5
those observed at Station PS (4.3 x 10 /1000 m ).
- 3. Peak abundances occurred during the spring and fall of 1988 at all three stations. Spring peaks were observed 6 3 in April at Station P2 (1.9 x 10 /1000 m ) and P5 (3.1 x 10 /1000 m ). Station P7 experienced only a minor peak in April (2.9 x 10 /1000 m ). At all stations, spring peaks were dominated by Cirripedia (50-92% of total abundance). Fall peaks were observed in September at 6
Station P2 (1.0 x 10 /1000 m ), PS (1.4 x 10 /1000 m ) 6 and P7 (2.3 x 10 /1000 m ):. Fall peaks were dominated by Centropages typicus at all three stations (66-89% of total abundance). The occurrence of a spring and fall l period of peak abundance was typical of previous years.
- 4. Of the nine major species groups, Copepoda (52%), "other taxa" (33%) and Decapoda (12%) accounted for >97% of all macrozooplankton abundance (Stations P2, P5 and P7 combined). Dominant copepods were Centropages typicus (33% of total macrozcoplankton abundance) and Calanus finmarchicus (9%). Dominant "other taxa" were Cirripedia (19%), Olkopleurs sp. (9%) Podon sp. (2%), and Evadne sp.
(2%). Dominant decapods were Cancer sp. (8%), Eualus 83
o
-4
- puslolus (3%), Carcinus maenas (1%) and Crangon~
septemspinosa (1%). Copepoda has ranked first in Kabundance in previous years except 1979, when "other taxa", usually ranked second or third, was ranked'first
'due to the' dominance of Cirripedia nauplii and cyprids
'during that year.
Decapoda has also ranked second or-- l third in past yearc. l r , 5. In 1988, Calanus flamarchicus was more abundant at d 3 Station'PS (5.1 x 10'/1000 m ) than at Stations P2 and P7-3 (3.3 x 10 /1000 m and-2.2 x 10 /1000 m , respectively), due to higher densities of copepodites at Station PS. Cancer sp., was most abundant at Station:P2 (3.6 x 3 10 /1000 m ) with lower densities at Stations P5 and P7 3 3 (2.4' x' 10 /1000 m and 2.5 x 10'/1000 m , respectively). Neomysis americans was also more abundant at Station P2 3 3 (1.6 x 10 /1000 m ) than at Stations P5 and P7 (4.3 x 2 3 10 /1000 m and 2.9 x 102 /1000 m , respectively), the result of considerably higher densities of juveniles at Station P2. Carcinus maenas, unlike Calanus finmarchicus, 3 was lower in abundance at Station P5 (2.3 x 10 /1000 m ) 3 3 relative to Stations P2 and P7 (5.9 x 10 /1000 m and 6.8 x 10 /1000 m , respectively). Crangon septemspinosa, like Carcinus maenas, was lower in abundance over all , lifestages at Station PS (1.4 x 103/1000 m ) relative to Stations P2 (3.2 x 10 3/1000 m ) and P7 (2.8 x 10 3/1000 m3 ),
- 6. Annual mean abundances of Calanus finmarchicus at Sta-tions P2 and P7 were considerably lower than past years (P2-3.3 x 10'/1000 m3 , P7-2.2 x 10 0/1000 m3 ). Annual mean abundances of Cancer sp. (P2-3.7 x 10'/1000 m3 , P7-4 3 2.5 x 10 /1000 m ), Crangon septemspinosa (P2-3.2 x 3
10 /1000 m , P7-2.8 x 10 /2000 m ) and Neomysis americana 3 3 (P2-1.6 x 10 /1000 m , P7-2.9 x 102/1000 m ) were typical 84
t l of previous years. Carcinus maenas mean annual abundances were typical of past years at Station P2 (5.9 x 103/1000 m3 ) and the highest yet observed at Station P7 (6.8 x 10 /1000 m ). 4 I
)
1 e, l l l l l 85 l l L____________
6.4- B1 VALVE LARVAE
- 1. Bivalve larvae species composition.in 1988 was.similar to-that observed in previous years at Stations P2 and P7.
The dominant species was Mytilus edu11s (39% and 54% of all umboned larvae at Stations P2 and P7, respectively). This species was especially abundant from late May to late-July'. -Three'other taxa ranked as secondary domi-nants in 1988: Neteranomia squamula (24% at P2,,14% at P7), #1 ate'11a sp. (15% at P2,'14% at P7) and Nodio'1us modiolus (8% at P2, 10% at P7). Heteranomla'squamula was present April through Octcher, though not on all dates, with peak abundances occurring sporadically.from mid-June through early October. Flate11a sp. was also present during the period sampled, April through October, peaking in abundance mid-May through mid-July. Modfolus modlolus was observed occasionally from April through~mid-May and
.was common from late May through October, with peak abundances occurring in late June and early October. All other identified bivalve taxa constituted 8% and 4% of the larval assemblages at Stations P2 and P7, respec-tively. Unidentified bivalve larvae accounted for 6% and' 4% of the umboned larvae at Stations P2 and P7, respec-tively. Overall abundances of bivalve larvae were within i ranges found in past years.
- 2. Station P1 (added to the program in 1986) and Station P5 (added to the program in 1988) were similar to Stations l P2 and P7 in terms of species composition. Stations P1 anc J5, like Stations P2 and P7, were dominated by Mytilus edulis (P1-40%, P5-48%) with Reteranomia squamula (P1-11%, P5-17%), Efarella sp. (P1-13%, P5-11%) and' Modfolus modiolus (P1-25%, P5-11%) as' secondary.domi-nants. Peak abundances occurred at approximately at the same time at all four stations.
87 1
- 3. In 1988 as in previous years, temporal occurrences of species were similar among all stations. Spatially, overall mean abundance was highest at Station P7 (7.7 x 3
10 larvne/m ) and lowest at Station P2 (3.8 x 10 lar-vae/m ), Mean abundances of Nytilus edulis (4.2 x 10 3 larvae /m ) Neteronomia squamula (1.1 x 103 larvae /m3) and
#facella sp. (1.1 x 10 larvae /m ) were highest at Station P7, while Nodiolus modfolus (1.5 x 103 1arvae/m3 )
was most abundant at Station Pl. Other bivalve species were present at all stations in low numbers.
- 4. Nya arenaria constituted less than 1% of the total bivalve larvae assemblage at Stations P5 and P7,.and 1.5%
and 1.7% of the total bivalve larvae assemblage at Stations P1 and P2, respectively. Yearly means ranged from 23 (Station PS) to 90 larvae /m (Station P1). This was comparable to most previous years, though much lower than the yearly mean of 255 1arvae/m3 observed at Station P2 in 1982. In 1988, an early summer peak in density was observed at all four stations (peak density of 250 larvae /m at Station P2). Similar early summer peaks have been observed in the past (1978-1981, 1984, 1986-1987). A late summer to early fall peak was observed at all stations in September and October, with the highest density observed at Station F1 (P1-1199 larvae /m 3, P2-965 3 larvae /m , P5-208 1arvae/m3 , P7-420 larvae /m ). Histori-cally, the peak density observed at Station P2 in 1988 ranked fourth in comparison with maximum densities of each of the previous ten years (1978-1987).
- 5. The most abundant species of bivalve larvae collected in 1988 was Mytilus edulls, as in previous years. Mytilus edulis comprised 40% of the total bivalve larvae assem-blage at Station P1, 39% at P2, 48% at P5 and 54% at P7.
88
Peak abundances occurred at all stations between mid-June
'and late-July,'with the greatest density at Station P7' (63,987 larvae /m ). After mid-July, larval densities 3'
decreased and were below 1,000 larvae /m at all stations by 1 August. Densities remained low through the end of i the sampling season with a minor fall peak occurring only i at Station F1-(1433 larvae /m ) in early October. 111stori-cally, the observed peak density at Station P1 in 1988- j (27,110 larvae /m ). ranks seventh in comparison with the L previous ten years (1978-1987). The highest recorded ) 3 1 peak abundance occurred in 1979 with 325,000 larvae /m . ] l l l i l J i 89 i
6.5 NONARUS ANERICANUS (1.0BSTER) LARYAE 1)- Mean abundance of lobster larvae (for larval stages I-IV and Stations P2 and P7 combined) in 1988 was 48% lower than in 1987 (0.74/1000 m2and 1.43/1000 m respec-tively). The 1988 mean abundance was 37% lower than the mean abundance (1.38/1000 m )'for the previous six-year period when both stations were sampled (1982-1987). When Station'PS.is combined with P2 and P7, the mean abundance in 1988 increases to 0.95 larvae per thousand square 2 meters. Mean abundance at Station.P2 (0.84/1000 m ) y,, slightly lower in 1988 than the abundances for both 1987 (0.92/1000 m ) and the mean (0.90/1000 m ) for the previous-ten years (1978-1987).when P2 has been sampled. Abundance'at P2'in 1988 was identical to those values reported for 1936 and-1985. Mean abundance at Station P7 2 was 66% lower in.1988 than in 1987 (0.6S/1000.m and 1.94/1000 m , respectively) and was 57% lower than the 2 mean (1.5/1000 m ) for the previous six years when P7 has . been sampled. Abundance at P7 was lower in .1988 than .in any of the previous six years at that station.
- 2) All stages (I-IV) of lobster larvae were collected in 1988 as in 1979, 1981 and 1983-1985. Stage IV larvae l predominated at all three stations in 1988, accounting for 70% of all larvae collected. Stage'1V larvae also predominated in 1978, 1981, 1982 and 1984-1987.
~3) Larval abundances for all stations combined exhibited two peaks in 1988. 'The first peak occurred on l' August when the abundance was 8.00 larvae per thousand square meters.
This peak coincided with large abundances of Stage I and Stage IV larvae. The second peak occurred on 23 August (4.21/1000 m2 ) when large numbers of Stage III and StaEe 91
IV larvae were present. Historically, peak abundance usually occurred in either July (1979-1983 and 1987) or in August (1978, 1984-1986).
- 4) Historically, Station P7 has shown higher abundances than Station P2 consistently during the six-year period both stations were sampled. In 1988, however, the abundance at P2 was 23% higher than the abundance at P7. This difference can be accounted for by the large difference in the abundances for Stage 1 larvae found at each station (0.17/1000 m at P2 and 0.03/1000 m at P7) and the lack of Stage Ill. larvae at Station P7. Abundance at Station P5 was 60% higher than at Station P2, and 103%
higher than at Station P7. 1his difference can be accounted for by the large abundances for all stages (I-IV) of lobster larvae found at Station _P5 on 1 August 2 (15.33/1000 m ),
- 5) In 1988 lobster larvae were caught on 36% c.f the sampling dates at Station P2, 50% of the sampling dates at Station PS, 45% of the sampling dates at Station P7, and 60% of the sarapling dates for all stations combined.
l l 92
i i l 6.6 ESTUARINE MACROFAUNA i
- 1. A total of 81 taxa was collected in 1988, a 17% increase from the low of 69 specien in 1987 and a 5% decrease from the all-time high of 85 species in 1986. The number of 1
species at subtidal Station 3 (62) was substantially higher than the number of species at subtidal Station 9 (43) and intertidal Stations 3MLW (45) and 9MLW (53). Intertidal Station 9MLW had a substantial increase of 96% over the 1987 species count (27).
- 2. In 1988, the annual mean abundance (7819/m ) over all l four stations was four and one-half times higher than the all-time low (1676/m ) in 1987, and slightly over two times higher than the 1986 abundance. Abundances at both subtidal and intertidal stations showed substantial increases over 1987; subtidal Station 3 having a three-fold increase, subtidal Station 9 an eleven-fold increase, intertidal Stations 3MLW a two-fold and 9MLW a four and one-half fold increase.
- 3. Intertidally, minimal change in community structure at Station 3MLW occurred between 1987 and 1988. The most abundant taxa at Station 3MLW in 1988 were the same as l previous years. These dominant taxa were Streblosplo !
benedicti (197b/m*), Ncrels diversicolor (720/m2) and l 2 i Oligochaeta (500/m ) comprising 66% of the total abundance (4811/m ) in 1988, compared to 59% of the total abundance in 1987. However, in 1988 Streblosplo benedicti represented a larger proportion (62%) of the top ranking taxa than in 1987 (35%). At Station 9MLW, ! community structure varied from 1987 to 1988. In 1988, Pygospio elegans (5118/m ) dominated the population, and together with 011gochaeta (1835/m2 ), Streblospio 93 l
benedicti (1348/m2) and Capite11a capitata (1234/m2) comprised 93% of the total abundince (10,288/m ). The top ranking taxon at Station 9MLW in 1987 was 011gochaeta (1974/m ). In 1986, annual abundance of S. benedicti was high, with a very low abundance in 1987 (19/m ). -At Station 9MLW, the number of Pygosplo elegans increased to 50% of total abundance in 1988 from 1.7% in 1987. In 1988, C. cap / tota density showed a substantial increase from 30.9/m in 1987.
- 4. Subtidally, the community structure at Station 3 did change between 1987 and 1988. In 1988, 011gochaeta (979/m ) and Streblosplo benedlett (852/m ) comprised 45%
of the total abundance (4097/n.2). In 1987, Splo setosa and 011gochaeta densities were 30% and 81% lower than in 1988, and together with the sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa, comprised over one third of the total abundance. In 1988, there was a substantial (85%) decrease in numbers of sand shrimp. At Station 9, the most abundant taxa were Pygosplo elegans (4427/m2 ), Capite11a capitata (2946/m ) and Streblospio benedicti (2853/m ) comprising 86% of the total abundance (12079/m ). Ilowever, in 1988 P. elegans represented a larger proportion (44%) of the top ranking taxa than in 1987 (18%). Overall, the abundance of the dominant species in 1988 showed densities ranging from 17 to 30 times higher than those in 1987. Similar taxa ranked j among the most abundant in previous yearn at subtidal stations. l
- 5. Seasonally, the overall mean abundance in May (13,410/m2) was more than three times thst in August (4158/m 2) and 2
twice that in November (5889/m ). The dominant taxon in May was Pygosplo ele;ans (6896/m ) representing Fl% of the monthly mean abundance, while in August, Streblosplo 94
i j I 9 benedicti (1626/m") predominated with 39% of the total ) 2 l abundance. In November, 011gochaeta (2102/m ) predom- j insted, composing 36% of the total abundance. In 1988 ) l P. elegans, S. benedicti, Capite11a capitata and l 1 011gochaeta represented 80% of the total abundance j (7819/m ). 1 i i j l i i J l j i i I I l i t l 95
6.V MARINE MACROFAUNA
- 1. .During August, all species encountered were identified.
A total of 7.51 taxa were identified, an 8% increase;over. 1987. A total of 102 species were identified inter-tidally and 235.subtida11y, reflecting a 26% and 6% increase respectively, over 1987. Subtidally,-the greatest-number.of. taxa were identified at Station'B34 (146) and the least at Station B31 (101).
- 2. The overall density of the 1988 August samples was-highest at subtidal Station B16 and intertidal Station 2
B5MLW (95,100.8/m and 69,798.4/m respectively), with subtidal densities next highest at Station B31 (60,313.6/m ); this'was dissimilar to years (1981,'1983, 1984, 1986,-1987) where densities were highest at both intertidal Stations B1MLW and B5MLW. As in previous years (1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987), the overall density in 1988 was' lowest at subtidal Station B04 (10,662.4/m ).
- 3. The most abundant taxon subtidally in August was 2
Mytilidae (16,203.6/m ) followed by Balanus crenatus (4,932.0/m ), Lacuna vinces (3,301.6/m ), Pontogenefs inermis (2,831.6/m*) and Capre11a septentrionalis (2,196.8/m ). Among the selected species sampled tri-
'2 annually, Mytilidae was most numerous (12,107.7/m ).
followed by Pontogenela inermis (3,750.7/m ) and Lacuna 2 vincta-(2,973.9/m ), l
- 4. At-intertidal Stations B1MLW and B5MLW combined, the l abundant taxa in= August were Mytilidae (43,718.4/m2 ),
Lacuna vincta (5,592.0/m ), Gammarus oceanicus' (1,534.( /m )' and Jaera marina (1,528.0/m ). Mytilidae 97
also predominated in triannual samples, averaging 172,077.9/m , followed by Lacuna vincta (4,332.8/m ), Jaera marina (2,908.G/m ) and Turtonia minuta (2,737.6/m ).
- 5. The dominance of Mytilidae at selected stations was consistent with previous years. Densities were markedly I
decreased from 1987, except at Station B31 where Mytilidae densities have increased since 1986 and at Station B1MLW where Mytil'dae densities increased in comparison to 1987 values. Mytilidae densities have decreased at Station B35 since 1985 and at Stations B17 and B19 since 1986. Abundance of Mytilidae at Station a B5MLW has steadily increased from 1985 to 1987, but decreased (36%) in 1988 from 1987. Mytilidae in 1988 4 were most abundant at the intertidal Station B1MLW 9 (219,944.5/m').
- 6. Historically, #odfolus modlolus, have shown a decrease in mean density at subtidal transect stations, between the April and October sampling periods at all stations. This I held true for the 1988 sampling period with the exception j i
of nearfield station B19, where the mean density increased. l From 1982 to the present the annual abundance values have ; also shown a decreasing trend with the exception of Station B19 where an increase in annual densities has j occurred since 1985. Sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachtensis, were observed only during the April and July sample periods. Sea urchins were not observed at ! the farfield, mid-depth Station B31. Total numbers were ! very low which is consistent with the previous four i years. l l 98 j i i
i i l l
- 7. The abundance of the dominant epiphytic spirorbid, l Circels armoricana, substantially increased in 1988 over 2
all p: evious years at Stations B19 (from 86,598/m in 1987 to 213,000/m in 1988) and B31-(from 13,595/m in 1987 to 154,700/m in 1988). Pileolarla sp. A densities increased substantially at Station B19 in 1988 over all 2 previous years (from 345/m in 1987 to 1,355/m in 1988). With the exception of 1987, P11eolarla sp. A has remained absent at Station B31 since 1982. l l l 8. Three fixed quadrat sample areas (Site B - Mean Sea Level "fucoid ledge", Site C - Mean liigh Water " bare ledge", Site D - Mean Low Water "Chandrus crispus . zone") at Stations B1MSL and B5MSL were monitored for seasonal and spatial differences. The following observa- q tions were made for selected intertidal fauna: l Site B - Fucoid ledge - Historically, a greater number of j species occurred at this site, both stations, than at either the bare ledge site or Chondrus zone. At Station B1MSL two macrofaunal species have consistently occurred during all three sample periods, Mytilidae and Nucella l i Japillus. Mytilidae percent frequency of occurrence 1 during 1988 was lower than past years. N. Japillus'has consistently occurred most frequently during July. i Historically, at Station B5MSL, Balanus sp. and Littorina liteores have been the most frequently occurrin3 species recorded. During 1988, these species along with three others occurred at approximately the same average fre-quencies: Acmaea testudinalls, Iittorina obtusata and
- Mytilidae. In general, the percent frequencies were l
lower in 1988 than in past years. 99
l 1
.i 1 Site C - Bare' rock. ledge - at. Station B1MSL only three l species of Macrofauna occurred during the entire sampling-l period. Balanus sp. had set during' April and persisted through July, Littorina saxatills occurred only in April'
- and Mytilidae occurred only in December. The percent'-
frequency of occurrence overall at this site for 1988 was a marked reduction from the values /for 1987. At Station B5MSL', the two-primary residents were Balanus sp and the gastropod Littorina sarat/11s with percent frequencies of occurrence in both. cases consistent with past years. ~Mytilidae and the gastropod Littorina littorea followed a general historical trend of increasing percent frequency'of occurrence from April to December; however, the actual values for L. llecorea in 1988 were noticeably reduced compared .to past years. Site D --Chondrus crispus zone ,This site was reported for the first time in.1987. :Nucella lapillus occurred' most frequently at Station B1MSL followed closely by Mytilidae. The actual values for both were' consistent-with those from 1987. At Station B5MSL ilucella lapillus 1 was also the most frequently occurring macrofaunal species. Littorina ll'torea and Mytilidae were quite abundant in 1988, consistent with 1987 values. Tonicella sp. and Lacuna vinces were'both recorded for
~
the first time since the inception of the intertidal non-destructive program. 9 .. Abundances from triannual bottom panels (four month expo-sure)' indicate'd Balanus sp. recruitment had occurred by April; densities of live individuals decreased from April values by 68% in August and by 99% in December. In contrast, in 1987 Balanus sp.'had almost completely 100-i .. _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ -
disappeared by August. Anomia sp. appeared in greatest densities in December, a general pattern observed in 1984 and 1987. Riatella sp., Cerastoderma pinnulatum, Mya arenarla and Mytilidae settled on August panels and had disappeared (were mostly gone) by December. Nolgula sp. eppeared in greatest densities in August. Pileolaria sp. A continued to be the dominant epiphytic spirorbid polychaete, with its greatest abundances occurring in December.
- 10. Bottom panels exposed for one year and collected in August from Stations B04, B19, B31 and B34, exhibited up to 12 sessile and attached species per panel. Balanus sp.,
Riatella sp., Mytilidae, No1gula sp., Anomia sp. and Cerastoderma pinnulatum, in decreasing order of abund-ance, represented the most dominant animals on the panels. Pileolarlo sp. A was the dominant epiphytic j spirorbid polychaete, similar to previous years. Hydrozoa covered an insignificant portion of all panel I I surfaces. The diatom, Navicula sp., covered the entire j panel (100%) at all stations. As in previous years, the algal complex, Scagella/Antithamnionella as well as Polysiphonia urceolata represented the predominant algae l taxa. Desmarestia aculeata and Agarum cribrosum were i also dominant in 1988. 101
i j 6.8 MARINE MACROALGAE _q
- 1. A total of 77 unique algal taxa were identified at all subtidal and intertidal stations in 1988; 52 intertidal and 69.subtidal species were encountered. The community I composition consisted of'18% Chlorophyta, 26% Phaeophyta, and 56% Rhodophyta. At all subtidal stations.in August,.
46 species.were noted while 59 species.were encountered at intertidal stations. The community composition for August was similar to that for the entire year. At' selected subtidal (B17, B19, B31, B35) and' intertidal stations (B1 MIN, B5MLW) sampled triannually, ,33 and 36 species were identified, respectively. These numbers are consistent with findings throughout the past years. The red alga Bonnemaisonla hamHere was collected for the first time in 1986 and was found in sma11' amounts in 1987 and 1988,
- 2. At selected subtidal stations sampled in 1988, the highest overall mean dry-weight biomass (993,11 g/m )2 occurred in August while the lowest overall mean dry-weight biomass (540.82 g/m 2) was observed in November.
The highest overall mean dry-weight biomass values for j 1984-1987 were also observed in August. Historically, the lowest overall'mean dry-weight biomass occurred in j either May or November. J
- 3. A comparison of selected subtidal stations showed the highest mean dry-weight biomass (1619.17 g/m )2 y,,
recorded at Station B35 in August. .This represents a j
-I change from past years (1984 - 1987) in which the highest j mean dry-weight biomass was found at Station B17 in j l August. In 1988, the lowest mean dry-weight biomass (297.76 g/m ) was recorded at Station B19 in August. !
l l 103 l 1 l i o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ . - - - - _ _ _ _
The lowest mean dry-weight biomass has historically been recorded at Station B19; however, there has been no trend-1 among years as far as. sample period is concerned. j l
- 4. At intertidal Stations B1MLW and B5MLW (combined) the highest'overall mean dry-weight biomass value occurred in August (1692.07 g/m ) and lowest occurred in November (893.63 g/m ). The highest overall mean dry-weight
~'
biomass in 1987 was 918.97 g/m (in August) and 731.43 f g/m2 (in May) was the lowest. The 1988 highest overall ! mean dry-weight biomass value represented an 84% increase over 1987; however, these values fell within the range of previous years. f
- 5. Intertidally, the highest and lowest mean dry-weight biomass values for 1988 were observed at Stat' ion B1MLW; 2
1828.84 g/m in August and 849.76 g/m in November. ! There has been no consistent trend throughout previous - years. l l 6. The mean dry-weight biomass at subtidal stations in the-1 more spatially extensive annual (August) survey was highest at Station B35 (1619.17 g/m ).and lowest at Station B34 (57.15 g/m ). At intertidal Stations B1MLW and B5MLW in August, the mean dry-weight biomass values were 1828.84 g/m and 1555,30 g/m2 , representing increases of 87% and 81% respectively over 1987 data. In both cases the 1988 data was consistent with values observed in years previous to 1987. 104
- 7. Chondrus crispus and Phy11ophora spp.-had the highest and second highest, respectively, mean dry-weight biomass at subtidal stations in 1988. As in past years, a general trend of- decreasing dry-weight. biomass . with . increasing de;th was observed. Chondrus'. crispus'wai, the dominant algal species at Station B1MLV and Coralline officionalls
'had the second highest mean dry-weight' biomass.
C. crispus was the dominant algal' species at Station B5MLW followed by Mastocarpus'stellatus.
- 8. .In the 1988 subtidal transect survey, Laminarla saccharina was most abundant at shallow:subtidal Stations B17 and B35. Laminarla digitata was common at. Stations' B17 and B35; however, it was most abundant at the mid-f depth subtidal Stations B19 and B31. Agarum cribrosum was present only at deeper Stations B19'and B31. Alarla esculenta was the least abundant of the. kelps, present only at Station B31 and during the April sampling period .j at Station B35. These.results were consistent with the findings in 1986 and 1987.
- 9. Based on frequency of occurrence, dominant "understory" algae in the subtidal transect surveys showed depth- [
related differences. Consistent with previous years, l l Chondrus crispus was most common at the shallow'subtidal. 1 l' Stations B17'and B35. The percent frequency'of ; I
~
Phyllophora spp. and Ptflots serrata.was highest at the mid-depth Station B19. [ . i
- 10. Three fixed-quadrat samples (one " Bare" rock, one
Fucoid" algae covered and one Chondrus crispus-covered).
in the mean sea level zone (MSL) were monitored for , seasonal and spatial differences. The,following observa-- i tions were made: 105
)
. Spring (April) - The total. number of " ephemeral" macro .
algal species' observed was high, with most species present at Station B1MSL. Of 11 dominant perennial-s ' species, Fucus vesiculosis had the highest percent?
. frequency at both Stations B1MSL'and B5MSL,: Site B.
Site C.had 100% frequency.of: juvenile Fucales, identified as Fucus sp. No flora appeared at Station B1MSL, Site C. The highest' percent frequency of'#ascocarpus'stellatus occurred at both Stations B1MSL and B5MSL, Site D. Summer (July)~- The number and abundance of " ephemeral" algal species-were substantially more in July in compari-son to April with-the exception of Site C. The overall abundance of the dominant perennial alga 1' species was higher at Station B5MSL, Abundance of Fucus vesiculosis was similar to that observed in April'at both Stations-B1MSL and B5MSL, Site B. F. ves/culosis did not appear at Site C at eithe station. Juvenile Fucales, identi- ::l fled as Fucus sp.,-occurred only at Station B5MSL, Site C (100 per cent irequency). . Fucus distichus sap. edentatus was present for the third year (1986 - 1988) at Station B1MSL. Late Fall-(December) - There were three " ephemeral" l' species recorded in December, two at Station B1MSL and one at Station B5MSL. The dominant perennial alga Fucus. ' vesiculos/s did not appear at either station in December ! However, Fucus distichus ssp. edentatus did occur at both Stations B1MSL and B5MSL. Fucus sp. was observed in' l December at both Stations B1MSL and B5MSL, Site C.
- 11. Fucoid algal' species were examined during the intertidal transect study in the mean sea level (MSL) zone. Asco- i phyllum nodosum abundance was greatest at both stations E1MSL and B5MSL during December, with 27% and 70%,
106 >
. . i.
l l recorded respectively. Fucus vesiculosis reached the ! highest percent frequency in July at Stations B1MSL (62%) and 'B5MSL (28%). Fucus distichus esp. edentatus was observed at Station B1MSL during all three sample periods a and at Station B5MSL during July.
]
4
- 12. During the July sampling period, the total percent frequency occurrence of fucold epiphytes showed a marked j L increase from April values at both Stations B1MSL and B5MSL. The actual number of unique fuccid epiphyte taxa also increased. I J
I l 4 1 1 107
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l l 6.9 SURFACE PANiLS_
- 1. Short-term (ST) panels were colonized most heavily from j June through December by Mytilidae, /Ilatella sp., Anorfa I sp., Jassa falcata, Tubularia sp., Pedicellina cernua, Bacillariophyceae, Petalonia fascia, Pflayella lit-toralls, and Eccccarpus spp. Other species of Bivalvia, as well as Gastropoda such as Lacuna vincta and Opisthobranchia such as Coryphella rufibranchialis, were l regular colonizers. Ischyrocerus angulpes, 1rels sp.,
and Campanularla spp. were colonizers, altht, ugh not as numerous.
- 2. Non-colonial and colonial faunal densities at all sta-tions were highest in July 1988, similar to trends from 1987, 1986 and 1984. In 1988, the highest mean abundance for non-colonial species reached 2,790 in July at Station B19. These results were substantially lower than the highest mean abundance of non-colonial species in 1987 l (13,173 in July at Station B31). The highest overall mean abundance occurred in 1981, when densities reached 41,369 in September at Station B19.
In July the total number of different faunal species 1 l (colonial and non-colonial) was 20. The combined number i of faunal species in July, over all stations, has ranged from 9 to 27 over the study years 1982-1984, 1986, 1987 ) and 1988. Results from 1987 exhibited the highest extremes of this range.
- 3. The order and duration of settlement of individual species on 1988 ST panels corresponded to that of previous years. Colonial animal Pedicellina cernua first appeared in February, again in April, was present through August, and occurred once more in November over most 109
stations. Obella geniculata settled only'in July, unlik'e Campanularia spp. which first appeared in June and occurred through October. Tubularla.sp. settled in July,. j peaked in August,>and. appeared through December over allc ] I stations. .Baci11eriophyceae'. represented the highest 1 overall frequency 7f algae on the panels and was present throughout most of the' year at all stations. Petalonia-fascia was present on ST. panels only in the months of. . June, July end August, and was.followed by P11aye11a littoralls, which was present.only during September for-most stations. ~Polysiphonia urceolata persisted'in. . settlement throughout most of the year. This particular algal species first appeared in January and February, and occurred again May through October, peaking in August. Juvenile brown algae (Ectocarpales spp.) were present in July and August, with occurrences again in October and November; August was the peak month at most stations.
-l Mytilidae, the dominant non-colonial taxon, were most numerous in July as were Flate11a sp. (except at Station j B04 where the peak was in June). Juvenile amphipods were ;
generally found to be'most numerous in August (except at :! Station B04 where the peak was in June). Jassa falcata f first settled in February and occurred again in April, l May and July through December, with peak abundance . occurring in the fall of the year at most stations. .
.Ischyrocerus angulpes occurred during the months of May through December. Anomia sp. were~present in January and ;
l' February, again-in April, and in July through December. 1 Nudibranchia, particularly Coryphella ruffbranchialis, l were present in January through December, with the .l exception of the months of March, April and June. #erels. l sp. occurred in July through September, and again in November at most stations. i i l 110 1
- 4. On 1988 monthly sequential (MS) panels submerged for one year, 57 faunal taxa (colonial and non-colonial) were identified, compared to 43 in 1987, 45 in 1986, 40 in 1984, 45 in 1983, e.nd 47 in 1982. 7he mean number of non-colonial individuals over stations B04, B19, B31 and B34 was 30,744. Previous sampling years show mean numbers of non-colonial animals ranging from a low of 2,150 in 1982 to a high of 32,045 in 1987. Peak abundance of non-colonial species occurred at Station B31 in 1988, with a total count of 58,300 individual animals.
Results from Stations B19 and B31 reflected a substantial increase in the settlement of Mytilidae when compared to the 1987 counts for these stations, while Stations B04 and B34 showed a decrease. In addition, a notable decrease in Jassa falcata, Hlatella sp., and Anomia sp. occurred. In general, the relative abundance of these three taxa parallels that of previous years when panels were submerged for one year (1982, 1983, 1984, and 1987). Lepidonotus squamatus re-occurred after a 1987 absence on the MS panels, although not at the abundance found in 1986. Ischyrocerus angulpes was present after being absent on the 1987 MS panels, with a mean count of
- 98. A mean count of 224 was observed for Jassa falcata.
- 5. On MS panels, lengths for Jossa falcata ranged from less than 1.0 mm to 9.1 mm. Approximately 92% of the individuals were in the <1.0 - 4.0 mm size-class over all stations. Most common were female and immature Jassa !
felcata. Ovigerous females were most numerous in September and October, except at Station B19, which showed August having the highest frequency of ovigerous females. 111
- 6. In 1988, lengths for Mytilidae on MS panels ranged from
< 1.0 mm to 40.8 mm among all stations. The highest percentage of individuals at each station were in the
<1.0 mm size-class. The greatest frequency of mytilids occurred during the period of June through' December.
- 7. Laminaria sp. first occurred in February on the MS panels, as in 1983 and 1987, but did not reach record-l able length (3 cm) until April (comparable to the 1984 l studies). Consistent with trends of previous years, mean blade count ranged from 10 at Station B04 to 134 at St< tion B31, and was higher in 1988 than in previous years. Highest blade count over all stations occurred in June, when a count of 502 was noted.
- 8. In 1988, total biomass dry-weights for each MS station were higher than those of sampling years 1981 through 1987. Mean dry weights on ST panels were also slightly higher than recorded in previous years. Peak months were September and October for ST panels, and December for MS panels.
l
- 9. No wood boring organisms, Teredo sp. or Limnoria sp., had
~
bored into or were found on the MS panel wood blocks from i the 1988 studies. This was consistent with findings from 1 previous years.
- 10. No comparisons have been made to 1985, or to January l through June 1986, as panels were not collected.
l i 112
'6.10 SELECTED BENTHIC SPECIES '
- 1. ' As part of the marine benthos program, abundance'informa-tion for selected species was collected in May, August and November at Stations B1MLM, B5MLW, B17, B35, B19 and'
.B31. Size data for each species were also collected at a subset of these stations.
- 2. Jassa falcata were most' abundant'over the three sample periods at Stations B17 and.B35, with densities as high as 3,788.8/m . J. falcata were observed :In moderate levels at B1MLW and B5MIM during all periods,-and only incidentally at Stations B19 and B31,' consistent with 1987. J. falcato size-class ranged from 2 to 8 mm, somewhat larger than the range recorded in 1987. The-greatest percentage of J. falcata in 1988 occurred in the -
3 mm size-class over all months at both stations, with the 4 mm size-class being nextlmost abundant, similar to-the previous year. In August, a decrease in mean size was observed, likely the result of ovigerous females'- present earlier, which would have produced juveniles by summer. .Mean size decreased more. noticeably in Novemb'er at Station B17 than at Station B35. Mean' size at:each station and for eech sample period'was. consistently . i higher than in 1987 except at Station B17 in November J where mean size decreased from August. The percentage 'of J. Is1 cats. carrying eggs or brood was equal to or greater than'in 1987 and 1986,-but nothas high as in 1985. L Females with eggs were more' prevalent.in May, and only j 1 l four females with brood were measured in 1988, all , present in August at Station B35.
.i I
l l l 113 , I
i i 1
- 3. Pontogenela inermis were most abundant at the shallow subtidal stations-(B17 and B35), where mean densities peaked ln'.May at 6,697.6/m at Station B17 and j
'15,062.4/m 'at Station B35. P. lnermis were less abundant in the deeper subtidal stations (B19 and B31) 2 where mean densities were less than 3,100.0/m in any month. .Pontogenela inermis were rare at both intertidal' stations-(B1MLW, B5MLW). The 3 mm to 6 mm size-classes
- predominated at Station'B19, and a high percentage of P. inermis in the 9 mm to 11 mm size-classes was also present in May at Station B19. The 4 mm to 6 mm size-classes predominated at Station B31 in all months., with-the 7 mm size-class being equally represented in August ,
and November. The 1988 size-class distribution range excluded the 1 mm and 2 mm size-classes (represented in 1987), and included size-classes 11 mm, 12 mm and 21 mm at Station B19. Annual mean size of Pontogenels inermis in 1988 was smaller at Station B19 and. larger at Station B31 when compared to 1987 values. Thirteen ovigorous-females were collected in 1988 at both stations, an
- increase from the eight collected in 1987 and the one collected in 1986. Four P. Inermis at Station B19 and one at Station B31 were carrying brood in 1988, a slight increase over the one brood-carrying P. inermis collected in 1987 and the lack of brood-carrying P. Inermis col-1ected in 1986 and 1985.
- 4. Ampithoe rubricata abundance has declined since 1982; however, abundance in- 1988 at intertidal Station B5MLW and subtidal Stations B35 and B31 increased over 1987.
Although this amphipod most commonly ocrurs in intertidal shallow water habitats, its occurrence was as great or greater at the subtidal stations (especially Stations B35 and B31) in 1988. Occurrence was low at the selected Stations B1MLW and B5MLW, and therefore no temporal 114
t s'\> I pattern was observed in size-class distribution, nor was recruitment of juveniles into the population observed. , i LAs in previous years, females with eggs.or brood were not j encountered in 1988, t
- 5. Cancer 1rroratus, the most prevalent Cancer species, was present at'all intertidal and subtidal stations sempled except in May at Stations B1MLW and B5MLW and in Ncvembe.
.at Station B19. Heca size at both stations in 1988~was l]n smaller in comparison to 1987, although C. Irroratus ]
occurred in a slightly expanded size-class distribution 'f range, 3 mm to 37 mm, in 1987'. Animals at bothLselected- .] ) stations (B17 and B35) had the largest mean size in May, j with C..irroratus being most: abundant at Station B35. Cancer sp., ind'ividuals too small.to identify to species,' were present in August at Station B17 and B35, withLa. ] mean size of 3.0 mm; similar to 1987. There were no -) Cancer borealls collected at the selected stations.
- 6. Mytilidae were the most^ abundant of the selected species, ranging from 1,369.6/m in May (Station B17) to 333,900.8/m in May (Station B1MLW). ' Abundances were lower in 1988 than in 1987 except at Stations B1MLW and B35. Mean size ranged from 2.7 mm to 3.8-mm at Stations B1MLW and B5MLW, not quite as great a range as in 1987.
The annual mean size of Mytilidae at each intertidal station was larger-in 1988 than in 1987. Subtidal. Stations B17, B35, B19 and B31 showed a more expanded
. range in mean size (2.0 mm to 6.3 mm) over that-in 1987.
Annual mean size of Mytilidae at each subtidal station was larger than in 1987. Although mytilids occurred as. large as 40 mm, the majority collected for each month at each station were in the 1 mm to 3 mm s.ize classes. These observations are consistent with results from 1983 to 1987. 115 L____--___-_____-__-
j
- 7. Nucella lahillus were'present almost exclusively at ;
intertidal. Stations B1MLW and B5MLW, similar to 1987. l Presence of N. Japillus at the subtidal stations was'more: noticeable in~1987 than in 1988, particularly.at Station q
.B35. Intertidal densities in 1988 were generally higher I at Station B1MLW over the three sampling months, except' .{
in November when densities were higher at Station B5MLW. l The greatest percentage of individuals measured at Station B5MLW occurred between'the 1 mm and 6 mm size-classes with most individuals distributed within the 2 mm to 19 mm size-class range at Station B1MLW. Mean size of:
~N. Japillus over all months was noticeably greater at Station B1MLW.
1 1
- 8. Aster 11dae were the same or more abundant at'all stations j in 1988 (highest..w. #,.( density was 826.7/m ) in compari-son to 1987 (highest density was 824.5/m 2),.except at 1
Stations B19 and B35. Mean size ranged frora 4.0 mm'to 6.7 mm at Station B17 and from 7.6 mm to 9.7 mm at Station B35 in 1988, a decrease in range from 1987. Mean lengths of Asteriidae at Stations B17 and B35, over all months, were 4.7 mm and 8.4 mm in 1988, respectively, i compared to 3.1'mm and 4.6 mm, respectively, in 1987. Recruitment of small juveniles, size-classes <1 mm to j 1 mm, occurred in August at both' Stations B17 and B35, I while in November there was an increase in the percentage of larger individuals.
- 9. Strongylocentrotus droebachlensis were most abundant at }
subtidal Station B35 in- 1988, whereas abundance was greatest at Station B19 in 1987. Mean sizes ranged from- l 1.4 mm to 3.9 mm at Station B19 and from 1.2 mm to 3.3 mm at Station B31, representing expanded mean size ranges over 1987. Mean length at Station B19 was 2.7 mm, and at Station B31 was 2.3 mm, reflecting an ines over 1987. l Most individuals occurred in the 1 mm t aize-classes. i 116
- )
i l 6.11 EP1 BENTHIC CRUSTACEANS.
- 1. Adult lobster CPUE (15 traps per trip) peaked in September at Stations L1 and L7 (98.9 and 128.6, respec-tively), and was high from August through November at both stations. Catches have historically been greater 'at
-Station L7, and this pattern was repeated in 1988. Mean-
~CPUE'at Station L1 (65.5) and Station L7.(75.6) was--
higher than 1987 results at both stations. Station L1 CPUE was comparable.to previous years, while Station L7 catches have been below average since 1987. Female lobsters were more abundant at both stations in all months sampled, consistent with historical results. 1 1 Ovigerous females comprised 0.6 and 0.7 percent-of the catch at Stations L1 and L7, respectively, and were most-abundant'in October at both stations. CPUE of legal-sized lobsters was 5.7 at Station L1 and 4.9 at Station j L7, with the highest catches occurring in November and I l l August, respectively. Catches of legal lobsters at both stations have been below average since 1987. Size class three (2-5/8" 1/16") had the highest catch.in all months at both stations, with peak abundances occurring in September.
- 2. Catches of Cancer borealls. averaged 16.6 per fifteen-trap trip at Station L1 and 8.1.at Station L7. Catches were higher at Station L1 and average at Station L7 when - j i
compared to previous years. CPUE was highest in August ; and September at the two stations, and was comparable with historie.a1 data. The proportion of females at Stations L1 and L7 were 85.6% and 83.6%, respectively, up slightly from 1987 results. The percentage of females. was highest from August through November at both sta-tions. Ovigorous females comprised 1.3% and 2.5% at
'i 117 1
U Stations L1 and'L7, respectively, which was average for, ; Station L1, but higher than average.for1 Station L7 j compared to previous years.- Ovigerous' females were. ] collected from June through' August:at:L1 and from July. through August'at L7. : Males were generally.' larger than 3
- j. -females, consistent'with prior, years. '
\ . . . . ^\
.3. Cancer 1rroratus CPUE;(15-trap' trip).at L1 and L7 was 3.2 {
and.0.6, respectively. 'CPUE was;above average-at' Station L1 and normal at L7 compared:with data collected'since l 1982. Catches were highest'in' August'at L1.and L7 (6.8' . t and 1.3, respectively),'similar to previous years. No ovigerous females have been collected'at either station since 1985. Males were generally larger than~ females.
-4. Catches of Carcinus moenas increased slightly in 1988, . !
averaging '66.1 crabs per month at the four. stations. ! Peak abundance was in August-(116'.7), but.in most' years the peak usually' occurred in the late fall. Females comprised 66.2% of the total catch and outnumbered males in all months except April and' December. Ovigerous' females were collected' April-August and were most abundant in May and June. 118
6.12 NYA ARENARIA
- 1. Random-station spat survey (Hampton Harbor). Overall mean densities of Nya arenarla spat (1-25 mm) from the Hampton Harbor survey were 70% lower in 1988 than in 1987. The largest decrease occurred on Flat 5 (87%); all other flats showed decreases of 47-82%. The highest densities of Nya arenarls were in the 1-5 mm size-range on all flats, a trend similar to previous years. Flat 4 had the highest mean densities per square foot in 1988 (6.4) and Flat 3, the lowest (2.0). Flats 1, 5 and 2 ranked second, third and fourth, (high to low) respec-tively. In 1987, Flat 5 ranked first and Flat 1, fifth in density. The overall 1988 mean spat density (3/ft )
2 was the second-lowest since 1974 (2/ft ); 1976 had the highest mean density with 762 Nya per square foot. Coincident with the low numbers of spat were high numbers of the principle non-human predator Carcinus maeaus (section 6.11).
- 2. Juvenile and adult survey (Hampton Harbor). The overall mean density of juvenile and adult Nya arenaria, 2
0.52/ft , from Flats 1, 2 and 4 combined was twice that of 1987. Flat 2 showed only a slight decrease (8%), while Flats 1 and 4 exhibited two and three-fold increases. Historically, Flat I has shown the highest densities of Nya since 1982 but ranked second to Flat 4 in 1987 and 1988. The largest recorded populations of the soft-shell clam in the Hampton Harbor sutveys were observed in 1979-1981 and have generally declined since that period.
- 3. The overall standing crop estimates of Nya arenaria
(> 25 mm) for 1988 were 28% higher than those for 1987, j attributable to the near five-fold increase in 2-4 year 119 l
l ' old clamss (26-42 mm). Standing crop estimates of the
> 50 mm size-range were also higher, (by 16%), while the-43-50 mm range were~ lower by nearly 50%. Flat 4 showed tha highestL overall increase (52%)-in standing crop in 1988, where the number of bushels per acre increased from 565 to.857. Overall standing crop estimates also increased on Flat 1 (by-20%) but decreased on Flat 2 (by 34%).' Flat 4 contained 57% of the harbor-wide standing crop followed by Flat 1 with 36% and Flat 2 with 7%, a pattern similar to previous years.
- 4. Fixed-station spat survey (NH and MA) The five-flat survey yielded results showing significant increases in mean densities of Mrs arenarls at all but one of the flats sampled. Overall densities were highest at'the Ipswich, MA flats, with Middle Ground showing an increase of 3.5 times over 1987,;Lufkins Flat 2.4 times, and Nut Shoal 28 times higher than last year. Nut Shoal yielded no clams of any size in 1987,'and historically has been a fairly low density area The two sample areas at Hampton Harbor, NH yielded an increase of 72% at Flat 2 and.a decrease of 10% at Flat 4. Historically, Hampton Harbor Flat 2 and Ipswich Middle-Ground have been the'two most-productive flats sampled in the" fixed-station survey.
With the exception of' Flat 4, mean densities at all. areas were higher than in 1987 but still lower (with:the exception of Middle Ground) than in 1986. . Spat < 1 mm were more abundant .at Flat 2, Lufkins Flat and' at Middle: Ground than last year,.while Flat 4 and Nut Shoal yielded no clams of that size, as in 1987.
- 5. The total estimated number of clammer trips and numbers of bushels removed in 1988 were 35% lower than in 1987.
Tct.1 trips fell from 3,034 to 1,960 and the estimated number of bushels removed decreased from 948 to 612. 120
'l J
1 With the exception of the 10% increase from 1985 to'1986, j both in numbers of clammer trips and bushels removed, both have shown decreases since 1982; the 1988 figures , were the lowest recorded since 1980. Flats 4 and I were the most heavily harvested in 1988, followed by Flats 2, 5 and 3, a pattern similar to previous years.
- 6. Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity levels in Mytilus edulis collected at Hampton Harbor, ranged from I below reliable measurement levels (< 44 pg/100 g meat) to over 350 pg/100 g meet during the collection period of January 4 - October 19. Toxicity levels were above acceptable limits for human consumption (2 80 pg/100 g meat) from early May (116 pg) through mid-June (194 pg).
The peak occurred on May'22 when the recorded PSP level was 352 pg/100 g meat. FSP data was collected in Hampton Harbor by the State of New Hampshire, Division of Health l and Human Services. l i l i I j l l 121 l l - - _ _ - _ _ _ - _ -
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'6.13 WATER QUALITY 6.13.1 Harine
'1 ) Chlorophyll a concentrations peaked twice in 1988 with the first peak in.early March and the second and stronger peak in early November (1,20 pg/l and 2.56 pg/l respec-tively). . Values were lowest in early January and early l August _(0.25 pg/l and 0.35 pg/l, respectively). Concen-trations in 1987 peaked.in early October'and early April (1.49 pg/l and 1.42 pg/l, respectively) and were at.
minima in late March and early August (0.17 pg/l and 0.19
~
pg/l, respectively). Comparison of concentrations between stations showed little difference except on. peak sample ~ dates. In early November' concentrations at q Station P7 were less than half those found at Stations P2 and P5 and in early March concentrations at Station P2 were substantially lower than at P5 and P7.
- 2) Nutrient concentrations (orthophosphate, total. phos-phorous, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia) in 1988 were ;
within ranges reported in previous years with most showing fall / winter maxima and summer minima. Concen- l trations of nutrients were fairly homogenous over all- l l : stations in 1988. !
- 3) Temperatures were vertically homogeneous at all_ stations {
January through March and October lthrough. December. A thermocline started to develop in April and increased to 1 its steepest gradient on 9 August. The temperature ~ difference at that time (surface to bottom) peaked at _; 8.6*C over a depth of 20.0 meters (Station PS), then decreased through September. This pattern differed j slightly from that found in 1987.when the thermocline 123
peak was recorded one month earlier. The thermocline patterns in 1986 and 1988 more closely resembled each other. Overall temperature patterns in 1988 were within ranges reported from 1976-1987, with little or no dif-forence in temperatures between stations. 1
- 4) Salinities at all stations in 1988 were vertically homogeneous throughout the year. This differed from 1987 {
when a large amount of freshwater runoff in early April j drastically reduced surface salinities. The minimum surface salinity readings in 1988 occurred on 24 May for Station P5 (29.3 ppt). Maximum bottom salinity readings occurred on 4 November for Station P2 (33.3 ppt). Salinity readings in 1988 differed vcry little from stat-lon to station. ! j i
- 5) Dissolved oxygen differences (surface-to-bottom) were-variable throughout the year, with the greatest dif-ference occurring on 26 September (P.2 pg/l for P2 and P5 j and 2.6 pg/l for P7). Highest values for dissolved oxygen occurred from February through April (up to 12.1 pg/l)) whereas lowest values (down to 6.2 pg/l) occurred l between September through mid-November. Low values for 1988 were s.ightly 1
lower than those found in 1987 (7.4 pg/l) but were higher than those found in 1986 (5.8 pg/l). The 1988 dissolved oxygen values represent percent saturation levels ranging from a low of 64% to a high of 131%. i j 124 l .--_ -
i 1 i l a 6.13.2 Estuarine 1 l l
- 1. Salinities in Hampton Harbt (HH) were generc11y higher {
l and less variable than Browns River (BR) salinities, due i Browns River mean monthly I to its proximity to the inlet. a salinities at low tide had the greatest variation (9.3 ppt) compared to a lesser variation in Hampton Harbor at low tide (4.9 ppt). Variation at high tide was minimal at both stations (BR 2.8 ppt and HH 2.4 ppt). These trends were similar to previous years. In 1988, i the lowust mean monthly salinities occurred in May, compared to April in 1987, and were at low tide at oath stations, averaging 15.6 ppt in Browns River and 25.1 ppt l 1 la Hampton Harbor. The highest mean monthly salinities l l occurred in December in 1988, compared to August in 1987, and were at high tide at both stations, averaging 31.3 ppt in Browns River and 32.1 ppt in Hampton Harbor. j Extreme values in salinities were higher at both stations in 1988 than in 1987, with increases ranging from 0.7 ppt to 7,2 ppt.
- 2. Extremes in mean monthly temperatures in 1988 occurred at a
low tide in Browns Rivar, ranging from 0.3*C in December k to 22.5'C in July. The highest mean monthly tempera-tures, for both high and low tide, occurred earlier in l Browns River (July) than in Hampton Harbor (August). The lowest mean monthly temperatures were in January, for all l tides and stations, except at' Browns River where the lowest temperatures occurred in December. The lowest i mean temperatures were consistently recorded at low tide at both stations (HH 1.2*C and BR 0.3'C). The highest mean monthly temperatures were recorded in Browns River, at both tides (high tide 19.8'C and low tide 22.5'C). j l i The 1988 temperatures followed trends of previous yaars I i 125 l
7.0 LITERATURE CITED Ayer, W.C. 1968. Soft-shell clam population study in Hampton-Seabrook llarbor, New llampshire. New ilampshire Fish and Game Department. 39 pp. Belding, D.L. 1930. The sof t-shelled clan fishery of Massachusetts. Commonw. Mass. Dep. Conserv. Div. Fish Game, Mar. Fish. Ser. 165 pp. Mueller-Dombols, D. and II. E11enberg. 1974. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 547 pp. Normandeau Associates Inc. 1980. Seabrook Environmental Studies, 1978. Seabrook Benthic Report. Technical Ret >rt X-7. Prepared for the Public Service Company of New llampshire , Manchester, Nil. 399 pp.
. 1984. Seabrook Environmental Studies, 1983 Data Report.
Technical Report XV-1. Prepared for Public Service Company of New llampshire, Manchester, Nil, 178 pp. + 654 App. pp.
. 1988. Sc drcok Environmental Studies, 1987 Data Report.
Technical Report XIX-1. Prepared for Public Service Company of New llampshire, Manchester, Nil. 127 pp + 499 App. pp. Rastetter, E.B., and W.J. Cooke. 1979. Responses of marine fouling communities to sewage abatement in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, llawaii. Mar. Biol. 53:271-280. Sokal, R.F., and F.J. Rohlf. 1969. Biometry. W. II. Freeman Co. , San Francisco. 776 pp. American Public Ilealth Assoc. 1985. Standard methods for the examina-l tion of water and wastewater. 16th ed. - Washington, D.C. ; 1268 pp. Strickland, J.D.H., and T.R. Parsons. 1972. A handbook of seawater analyses. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Bull. 167 (2nd ed.). 310 pp. South, G. R., and 1. Tittley. 1986. A checklist and distributional index of the benthic marine algae of the North Atlantic Ocean. Memorial University of Newfoundland. 76 pp. l Taylor, W.R. 1962. Marine algae of the northeastern coast of North j America. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 509 pp. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1973. Biological field and laboratory methods for measuring the quality of surface waters and effluents. EPA 670/4-73-001. 127 i . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -
,l i
i
-l i
i
. 1974. Chemical methods for the analysis of water and i wastewater. Methods development and quality assurance. Res. Lab. ] . Manual. 298 pp. ;
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I i i l I, i i t 128 _ __ _-_ __ :_a
1 1 i 1 APPEND 1X 1.0 ICHTHYOPLANKTON O values = <0.5 (values > 0.5 and < 1.0 are rounded to 1) i All (Dates in Tables 1-1 and 1-3) = mean density based on the total number of samples collected in the year (92 each for P2, z P5, and P7) All (Dates in Tables 1-2 and 1-4) = percent within column of mean abundance over all dates from Tables 1-1 and 1-3 All (Dates in Tables 1-5 through 1 13) = sum of the counts in ' each length class. I Tables 1-5 through 1-13, lengths missing from length column indicate that none of the larvae measured fell into these length classes. i f 1
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