ML20245D100
| ML20245D100 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | West Valley Demonstration Project |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1987 |
| From: | Bergeron M, Kappel W, Yager R INTERIOR, DEPT. OF, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY |
| To: | NRC |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20245D040 | List: |
| References | |
| 85-4145, NUDOCS 8711040374 | |
| Download: ML20245D100 (58) | |
Text
_ _-
o e,mem-Geohydrologic Conditions at the Nuclear Fuels Reprocessing Plant and Waste-Management Facilities
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at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center, Cattaraugus County, New York p
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s U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY D
Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4145 O
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l 8711040374 G71001 DR ADDCK 05000201 i
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GE0 HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS AT THE NUCLEAR-FUELS REPROCESSING PLANT AND WASTE-M ANAGEMENT FACILITIES AT THE WESTERN NEW YORK NUCLEAR SERVICE CENTER, I
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK by Marcel P.
Be rge ron, William M. Kappel, and Ri chard M. Yage r U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Wa ter-Resources Investigations Repo rt 85-4145
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l Prepared in cooperation with UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION t(Q1V It haca, New Yo rk 1987 l
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
DONALD PAUL H0 DEL, Se cretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY e
Dallas L. Peck, Director i
For additional information Copies of this report can write to:
be purchased f rom:
Sub di st rict Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Ge ologic al Survey Books and Open-File Re ports 521 W. Se neca St reet Federal Ce nter, Bldg. 41 It haca, New Yo rk 14850 Box 2 5425 Telepho ne: (607) 272-8722 Denver, CO 80225 Te lephone: (303) 236-7476 ii
l l
CONTENTS Page 1
Abs tract 3
Introduction.
3 Purpose and scope.
5 Geologic setting.
..................10 Climate.
......12 Surf ace-Water hyd rology.
......12 Drainage-area characteristics.
. 12 Streamflow monitoring.
14 Flow characteristics.
14 Lag oon Road...
. 14 North plateau.
15 Ground-water hyd rology.
. 15 Ground water on the north plateau.
15 Re charge.
Ground-water movement in sur ficial sand and gravel.
15 Influence of plant f acilities on ground-water flow 17 21 Ground-water discharge.
Hyd raulic conduc tivity of surficial gravel.
. 21 I
Ground wa ter in the burial ground areas.
. 23
...23 Ground-water movement...................
Shallow till.
...23
. 23 De eper till.
. 25 Below the till.
Infiltration of rainwater into burial pits.
...28
. 30 Hydraulic conductivity of the till.
. 34 Summary and conclusions.
Re ferences cited.
. 35 Appendix A.
Description and discharges of notable seeps and springs in the north plateau area at the Western New York Nuclear
..38 Se rvice Ce nter.
Appendix B.
Water-level altitudes in wells at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center, 1981-84.
. 41 Ap pendix C.
Na tur al gamma and neutron-mois ture info rmation f rom selec ted wells logged by Geological Survey on May 11, 1983.
. 47 PLATE (in pocket)
Pla te 1.
Map shmaing locations of wells and test borings in vicinity of t te nuclear-f uels reprocessing plant and rela ted wa ste management f acilities near West Valley, N.Y.
iii
l l ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figu res 1-3. --Maps showing:
1.--Location of the We stern New Yo rk Nuclear Se rvices Ce nt e r.
2
- 2. --Lo ca tion of the nuclear-f uels-reprocessing pl ant and rela ted wa ste management f acilities within the Western New York Nuclear Services Center.
4 3.--Re la tive position of nuclear-f uels-rep rocessing plant and related waste management f acilities.
5 4.--Generalized stratigraphic section of the West Valley site.
6 5.--Map showing thickness of sur ficial sand and gravel in the north plateau area.
7 6.--Generalized geologic sections showing maj or lithologic 7
units:
A.--Se c tio n A-A ' through the main plan t area and the facility's disposal area.
8 B.--Se ct ion B-B ' t hrough the pl ant lagoon area and St ate-licensed waste-disposal area.
8 i
C.--Se ct ion C-C ' t hrough the main plant a rea to Fr anks Cr eek.
9 D. --Se ct ion D-D ' through the waste-disposal areas to But termilk Creek.
9 7.--Ma p showing bedrock surf ace altitude wi thin the We stern New Yo rk Nuclear Service Center.
11
- 8. --Ma p showing tributary streams to Fr anks Creek and drainage area boundaries of streamflow monitoring Stations.
13 9.--Schema tic diagr am of s treamfl ow mo nitoring-s tation enclos ure used at north plateau s t at io ns 1 a nd 3.
14 10.--Map showing water-table altitude and direction of ground-wa ter flow in the north pla teau area on May 10, 1984.
18 I I. --Ma p showing saturated thicknesc of nurfictal sand and g ravel in the north plateau area on May 10, 1983.
19
- 12. --Generalized geologic section of the sur ficial gravel d e posi t on the north plateau 20 iv
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o
- lLLUSTRATlONS (CONTINUED)--
Page t,
Figure 13.-ilydrographs of wells 80-8 and 80-4 on the north plateau, 1 9 8 2-8 3........ '........... -.... -....
20 14.--Plot showing calculation of hydraulic conductivity f rom slug-test data f rom well 80-8 by the method'of Cooper 22 (1967).
15.--Map showing approximate extent of solvent migration in 1984 f rom the ~ facility's waste disposal area.
24 I
16.--Ma p ' showing location of piezometers installed adjacent to the f acility's wa ste-disposal area.
26 17.--Vertic al sect ions through the f acili ty 's waste-disposal-area and the north trenches of the low-level waste-disposal area showing distribution of head and directions of g round-wa ter flow on May - 10, 1983.
27 18.--Hap showirg distribution of head within the lacustrine 28 unit in Se ptember 1983.
19.-mSchematic diagram of head relationships in bedrock test
. 29 1
hole 8 3-4E, July 1983.
20.--Hap showing location of 82-4 series piezome ters and approximate location of buried access ramp.
31 21.--Geologic section fran 82-4 series of piezoneters to hole SH-9 showing inferred location of bur ied access ramp.
32 Cl. --Geophysical borehole logs f rom selected wells near the f acility's waste-disposal area showing gamnm radiation and neutron-moisture readings within the Lavery till, 48 a nd lowe r un i t s.
TABLES Ta ble 1.--Re cords of wells d rilled by the U.S. Geological Survey, 16 1980-83.
2.
-Ground-wa ter discharges f rom the north pla teau, 1983.
21 3.--Ilydraulic conductivity of surficial gravel on the north plateau calculated from slug-test data by method of Cooper 23 at d othe rs (1967).
4.--Laboratory analysis of vertical hyd raulic conductivity of selected till samples by constant-head permeability with 33 back pressure saturation tests.
v
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. TABLES '(Continued):
Page
- Table 5.--Laboratory analysis: of vertical' permeability of selected till samples under. simulated. overburden ' pres sure.-.
33:
A-1. -Alt itudes and ' discharge. measurements of' seepage faces around the' north pla teau.
4 01 j
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l CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS-
]
Factors for conve rting the. metric (In ternational System) units 'used in this report to inch pound units are shown below.
-Divide metric units-g
.To obtain inch pound units j
Length centimeter (cm)
- 2. 5 4
' inch (in) meter (m)
.3048 foot (f t)
'l kilometer (km) 1.609 mile (mi) j i
Area square kilometer (km )'
2.59 square mile (m1 )
2 2
he'etare (ha)
'0.405 acre (a)
Flow liter pe r second (L/s) 28.32 cubic foot per second (f t /s) 3 liter per second (L/s) 0.06309 gallon per minute (gal / min) liter per second (L/s) 43.81 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) cubic meters per second 0.0283 cubic foot per second (f t /s) 3 3
(m /s)
J Hydraulic Units meter per day (m/d) 0.3048 hydraulic conductivi ty, foot per day (f t/d) meter per kilometer (m/km) 0.1894 foot per mile (f t/mi) vi
1 Geohydrologic Conditions at the Nuclear-Fuels Reprocessing Plant and
)
Waste-Management Facilities at the Western New York Nuclear l
Service Center, Cattaraugus County, New York j
By Ma rcel P. Bergeron, William M. Kappel, and Richard M. Yager Abstract 1
The Western New York Nuclear Se rvice Center near West Valley, N.Y., con-tains a nuclear-f uels-reprocessing plant, a high-level radioactive-liquid-waste-t ank complex, and waste f acili ties.
All are within about 100 hectares on a f airly level plateau on the western flank of the Buttermilk Creek valley. The pla teau is underlain by a sequence of glacial and pos tglacial deposits that fill an ancestral bedrock valley.
The main f acilities are on an elevated area referred to as the north plateau, which is mantled by alluvial and fluvial silty sand and gravel that range f rom 1 to 10 meters thick. Ground water in the north plateau moves l
laterally within the sand and gravel f rom an area southwest of the main building j
to the northeast, east, and southeast, where the sand and gravel either pinches l
l out or is cut of f by deeply incised streanr-channel banks. The hyd raulic conduc-J tivity of the sand and gravel, calculated f rom slug-test data, ranges from 0.1 t o 7. 9 me te rs pe r day.
Two separate burial grounds--a 2.2-hectare disposal area previously licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission f or use by the site operator and a 4-hectare area licensed by the State of New York for disposal of commer-cial waste-are about 320 meters f rom the main building. The burial grounds are excavated in a sequence of clay-rich till that ranges from 22 to 28 meters thick.
Northwa rd migration of an organic solvent f rom the disposal area fo r a bou t 18 meters at shallow depths in the till suggests that the shallow, frac-t ur ed, oxidized, and we athered till is a significant pathway for lateral move-me n t o f g rou nd wat e r.
Below this zone, ground water moves vertically downward through the till to recharge saturated lacustrine silt and fine sand and kame-delta deposits.
Limited potentiometric-head data suggest that some of the water entering the fine sand and silt may continue dcunward to recharge lower units.
Heads within the saturated parts of the silt and fine sand indicate that ground 4
water move s la terally unde r a gradient of 0.02 meter pe r meter to the northeast
/
and toward Buttermilk Creek.
Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the silty clay till, estimated from I
laboratory permeability analysis, ranges from 1.8 x 10-5 to 1.0 x 10-4 m/d.
l Perme abili ty o f weathered oxidized till and unweathered till samples averages
- 4. 2 x 10-5 and 2.45 x 10-5 m/d, respectively.
Ho rizontal hyd raulic conductivity of the till, estimated f rom analyses of recovery-test data, r anges f rom 6.9 x j
I 10-6 to 8. 64 x 10-5 m/d and ave rages 1.7 x 10-5 m /d.
I 1
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Base from U S Geological Surwy.1974 State of New York. 1.500.000 Figure 1.--Location of the Western New Yozk Nuclear Services Center.
2
q INTRODUCTION j
l In ' 1961, the New York St ate ' 0f fice of Atomic Development: acquired l,350. ha of undeveloped 1.and near the village of West Valley in northern Cattaraugus
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Coun ty, about _ 48 km south of Bu f f alo ( fig. 1), f or development of a nuclear-
- f uel-reprocessing p1 ant and waste management f acilities. The land wa s subse-
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4 E que ntly namest the Western New York Nuclear Se rvice Center.
In 1963, the U.S.
Atomic Energy Commission issued a permit to a private operator authorizing development of-- about 100 ha of the site for construction of a reprocessing plant and supporting racilities (fig. 2).
The supporting f acilities include a structure for receiving and storage of irradiated fuel befo re reprocessing, an underground storage-tank complex fo r liquid high-level radioactive wastes generated by reprocessing, and a low-level r ad io:.c t ive-wa s t ewa te r-t r ea tme n t plant. The site also includes two separate burial grounds' f or ' shallow burial of solid radioactive wastes-a 4-ha area licensed by the State of New York for burial of commercial low-lwel radioactive wastes (not operating at present), and a 2. 2-ha disposal area li ensed by U.S.
~
Nuclear Regulatory Commission for wastes with higher radioactivity. The loca-tions of these facilities are shown in figure 3.
Du ring 1975-80, two studies were done to evaluate the extent of and poten-tial f or radionuclides movement f rom the St ate-licens ed waste-disposal area.
One.
was by the U.S. Geological Survey; its purp Ma was to identify the principal hydrologic and geologic f actors that control subsur face movement of radio-iso topes f rom the burial ground.
The other wa i done by the New York State Geological Survey under contract with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and, later, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, to evaluate all processes of radioisotope migration at the bur ial site.
)
Since 1980, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted studies to complement e f forts by the New York St ate Geological Survey to evaluate the geology, surface i
and subsurf ace hydrology, and the extent and potential f or radioisotope migra-tion f rom the other f acilities.
Bo th studies were funded under nutual financial agrecuents with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and many elements of the two studies were j ointly planned and completed by the two Surveys.
Purpose and Scope This report summarize s the hydrogeologic conditions at the fuel reproc-j essing pla nt and wa ste-management f acili ties. The geologic and hyd rologic information presented was obtained largely f rom s tudies conducted since 1980, i
but data from previous investigations are also included. The repo rt includ es j
maps and several geologic cross sections that illustrate the stratigraphic
. relationships of the glacial deposits and the unde rlying bed rock and desc riber ground-water flow patterns and hydraulic properties of the sediments.
It a'
. include s (1) desc riptions of the surf ace-wa ter-d rainage areas and charac-teristics, with results of inventories of ground-water seepage to the surfa.
j (2) hydrologic information from wells and borings d riiled during 1980-83, including locations and de pths of wells, water levels, and general well-
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construction data; and (3) natural gamma and neutron moisture logs of selected test holes.
3 3
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UCENSED 4
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i Base from U S Geological Survey Ashford Hollow. 1979 1 24.000 Figure 2.--Location of the nuclear-fuele-reprocessing plant and related vaatemanagement facilities within the Western Neu york Nuclear Serince Center.
(Location is shoun in fig.1. )
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The Western New. York Nuclear Service Center is within the. glaciated
= Allegheny 'section. of the. Appalachian II thau physiographic province.. The f
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- e. building and burial grounds are on a sequence of glacial and postglacial depo r
its that form a f airly level p1ateau at an altitude of 420 n;on theWat flarii r
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o f the ~ Buttermilk - Cr eek Valley ( fig. 3).
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Ashford Hollow. 1979124.OG9 Figure 3.--Detail of figure 2 she,Ysg relative position of nuclear-fudle-reprocessing plant and ieLate! unete-management facilities.
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.I The glacial geology and stratigraphy at the Western New York Nuclear Se rTice Center and vicinity have teen examined by several investigators, most notably LaFleur (1979). - Geologic, studies indicate that the site overlies a.
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c ompl e'x of till and lacustrine, aorainal, outwa sh, alluvial f an, and fluvial deposits tha t fill a buried ipreglacial bed rock valley.
A sreneralized section showing the stratigraphic relationships of these deposits is given in figure 4.
SOUTH NORTH
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Def 4,ce. equivalent fluvial gravel Holocer's fans f
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g Not to susie EXPLA N A T.ON SAND AND GRAVEL ONSITS CEOLOGIC CONTACT 1
OIRE. lleA GF ICE FLO) UR kl TILL DEPOSITS STRE/.i&LCW DURING DEPOS!TiOld a
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SAND DEPOSITS OR EROSION
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Figure 4.--Generalized stratigraphic aection of the Weet hcliey a4e.,
1 (Modified from Lapteur,1979, p.13.,)
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The f uel-rep rocessing plant and related f acilities are built on an elevated pla teau, r eferred tg as the north plateau.
This area is underlain by a thin alluvial f an depaiU that is, composed primarily of silty sand and grivel.
The f an deposit overlaps onto a f bp f al gravel deposit approximately 260 n nortfaast of the main plant building. An ' isopach map of these surficial depoc/* ls (fig. 5) indicates that the thickness of the surficial gravel ranges from sli hti more than 9 m just southwest of the main plant to less than 3 m along the 8dbcent s tream-channel walls of' Quarry Creek to the north and Franks Creek (fig. 6) to the east.
The surficial grwel pinches out along the west tributary of Franks Cr e ek a bou t 250 m southeast of the plant (fig. 6).
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l Beneath the surficial gravol of the north plateau and underlyirg thefhdil-i ities is the Lavery Till (LaFleur, 1979), the host formation for wastes budfd j
a t both burial grounds.
Till in the burial ground vicinity is mainly sihWnd
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clay and range s f rom 2 2 t o 28 m thick (fig.
6).
It s pebble, content ranged frod (
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5 to 20 percent.
The upper 3 to 4 m of till is chemically oxidized and 3 l weathered and includes f ractures and root tubes that provide secondary porot t t.ti, / I near the surf ace.
The till contains slightly to severely def ormed, discon-l t inuou s pods, lenses, and stringers of silt to ff)e' sand and, rarely, coarse j
sand and gravel. These bodies range f rom les s trian f cm to 2 m in le ng th.
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Figure S.--Thicknees of surficial eard and gravet in the north plateau area.
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250 500 FEET Sitty clay tin shale bedrock Verical Exaggeration X 5 340 EXPLANATION GEOLOGIC CONTACT -
Dashed where approximate APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF WATER TABLE Figure 6.--Section A-A' through main plant area and facility's disposal area; ard section B-B' through storage lagoon area and State-licensed vaste-disposal area.
(Location of sectione is shcun on pt.1.)
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,,,,,...... APPROXIMATE POSITION OF WATER TABLE Figure 6 (continued).--Section C-C' thrmgh main plant area to Franks Creek and section D-D' thrmgh facility's and State-licensed vaste disposal areas to Buttemilk Creek.
(Location of sections is sha.m on pt.1.)
9
f l
l Beneath. the Lave ry Till is a sequence of recessional lacustrine and kame-delta deposits of pos t-Ke nt Till age that consist of laminated silt and clay g rading upward into fine to coarse. sand nnd silt.
In two boreholes (hole V and i-DH-7) east of _ the low-level waste-burial site (see fig. 6), the upper, sandy I
('
part of the unit i s c ap pe d by g rave l.
Evidence f rom regional stratigraphy and a f
bedrock test. hole at the site indicates that post-Kent recessional deposits are l
unde rlain by at least two older, clayey-silt tills--the Kent Till and the Olean(?) Till (LaFleur, 1979).
In ' borehole 83-4, about 150 m f rom the main l
plant f acili ties (pl. 1), two silty clay till sequences separated by 12 m of
(
saturated f ine sand and silt were penet rated below post-Kent de posits bef ore s hal e b ed rock wa s e nc ou n te r ed a t 5. 2 m.
( Se e f ig. 5. ) These tills are presumed to be Kent Till and Olean(?) Till separated by post-Olean recessional lacustrine deposits. The pos t-Kent and Kent Tills are exposed in the steep valley walls of Buttermlik Cr eek.
The bedrock underlying the area is shale and sandstone of the Upper Dev onlan Canadaway and Co nneaut Groups (Rickard and Fisher, 1970). The bedrock-surface altitude, shown in figure 7, ranges from about 250 m about 1 km north-east of the main plant facilities to abait 450 m east and west of the site along the flanks of the Buttermilk Creek valley. Depth to bedrock ranges f rom about 150 m in the deepest part of the bedrock valley to less than 1 m along the hillsides of Buttermilk Creek valley west of tte plant. A test hole drilled by the U.S. Geological Survey about 200 m northeast of the main reprocessing plant encountered bedrock at a depth of about 75 m.
Bed rock is exposed in the upland stream channels along Quarry Creek northwest of the site, in hilltops we st and south of the' site, and in the steep-walled gorges cut by Ca ttaraugus Creek to the north and by Connoisserauley Creek to the west (both of f the map in fig. 7).
Clin 1 ate The climate of we stern New York St ate is classified as moist continental.
Precipitation and tempe rature are typically a f unction of the type and direction of movement of air masses that pass over the region.
Dry, cool air masses enter f rom Canada, and warm, moist air originates f rom the Gulf of Mexico.
In south-western New York, the weather is also af fected by Lake Erie, which has a moderating ef fect on temperature and provides additional moisture to the air j
(Ha rding and Gilbert, 1968). Orographic ef fects of the area's topography j
f urther af fect the precipitation pattern in this area.
Previous site operators collected meteorological data from 1963 to the p r es e n t, but no long-term me teorologic data are available beccuse most reco rds are discontinuous and unreliable.
Regional analyses of meteorological data by De thier (1966) and Harding and Gilbert (1968) indicate that extreme temperatures in the West Valley area range f rom -35' to +3 5*C.
The average annual temper-a ture is 7.2*C; t he lowes t ave rage mo nthly temperature is -5.7'c in February, and the highest average monthly temperature is 19.6*C in July. The frost-free period extends for approximately 110 days f rom late May through early September.
Average annual precipitation is approximately 105 cm/yr, and monthly precip-itation is roughly equal throughout the ye ar.
Snowf all usually starts in early November, and the regional snowpack lasts through March.
10
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I Basa from U.S Geological Survey Ashford Hollow.19791:24.000 Figure 7.--Bedrock-aurface attitude tithin the Western New York Nuclear Service Center.
11
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Average annual evapot transpiration is approximately 48 cm.
Evapotranspira-tion is g reatest during June ' through August, approximately 10 cm/mo, and is minimal from December through March, approximately 1 cm/mo.
I SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY Drainage-Area Characteristics Surf ace runof f from the plant facilities d rains to Franks Creek on the east and south side of the facility and to Quarry Creek on its northwest edge (fig.
2 8).
Franks Creek (drainage area 6.32 km ) drains into the upper third of the
- 80. 0 -km2 Buttermilk Creek basin, which lies north of the site.
Buttermilk Creek 2
flows into Ca ttaraugus Creek (drainage area 1,4 50 km ) near Springville, and Cattaraugus Creek flows to Lake Erie near Silver Creek (fig. 1).
The quantity of surface water leaving the site was monitored between Oc tober 1980 and October 1983 at three gaging stations--Lagoon Road, north
. plateau 1 (NP1), and north plateau 3 (NP3).
Locations and drainage areas of t hese stations are shown in figure 8.
The Lagoon Road station receives flow f rom a 4. 4 0-ha area, parts of which drain both burial areas.
The NP3 s tation receives flow f rom a 9.83-ha area that lies between the reprocessing plant and a drained wetland area on the north plateau.
The NPl s tation receive s flow f rom the western flank of the plateau, which has a drainage area of 10.4 ha.
Peak-flow data were also collected at a small drainage area designated as north plateau 2 (NP2). Be fore construction of the reprocessing f acility and subsequent draining of the north plateau wetland, this channel carried a peren-nial s tream.
It s present surface wa tershed is 1. 81 ha, but its flow is sup-ported mainly by ground-water discharge. Eighteen ground-wa ter seepage f aces surrounding the north plateau were also monitored, generally during base-flow periods.
(De scriptive data on these seepage f aces are given in Appendix A.)
Streamflow Monitoring Flow data f rom the NPl and NP3 s tations were obt ained at s t reamfl ow-monitoring stations that were construc ted on each stream channel.
Each station was sheltered by a large enclosure spanning the width of the stream.
De ep s now and ice had prevented collection of winter discharge data in previous years; t he ref ore, these enclosures were heated to keep the measurement section free of s now and i ce t hr ough out the winter. A typical enclosure is illustated in figure 9.
A similar attempt to gage flow downstream f rom the Lagoon Road station at a site called Waste Burial 1 (fig. 8) with an enclosure was less successful because the channel was unstable (the clay soil under the enclosure alternately i
slumped and eroded f rom the measurement sec tion); t here f ore, this station was d isc ont inu ed.
The station just upstream f rom the enclosure was operated for approximately 9 months each year.
During mid-winter, generally December through mid-Ma rch, a ttemp t s we re ma de to gage flows during periods of thaw or rain.
At tempts to maintain the measurement section during the spring thaw period were marginally successful.
12 t
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1 Flow Characteristics Lagoon Road Flow me asured at the Lagoon Road station responded quickly to mos t rainstorms and generally returned to near prestorm conditions within several hours af ter precipitation ended.
Du ring 1981-83, average flow at Lagoon Road 3
was 0.675 -x 10-3 m /s. The highest daily recorded flow was 28.3 x 10-3 3
m /s on Ma rch ' 17 and September 2,1982, and the stream was dry for approximately 60 days i
du ring e ach s um me r.
North Plateau In contrast to the Lagoon Road site, the north plateau streams were not
~
highly responsive to-rainfall, and base flow rarely ceased. At the NPl site (fig. 8), average daily recorded flow was 1.30 x 10-3 3
m /s. Maximum recorded 3
f low wa s 31. 2 x 10-3 m /s on Novembe r 4, 1982, a nd t he s tream wa s d ry fo r a few days during each summer (1981-83). The NP3 site had higher average daily flow 14
of 2.48 x 10-3. m /s, with 'a maximum daily. recorded flow of 28.3 x 10-3 3
3 m /s on -
March 13,1982 and a minimum daily recorded flow of 0.113 x 10-3 3m /s for several days during July and' August 1981.
Streamflow data for the NP2 site were derived from stage readings from a staff and crest-stage' gage. The. average flow, based cui correlation of 44 staf f-3 gage ' readings to the records of stations NPl and NP3,wa s 0.340 x 10-3 m /s.
Maximum recorded flow wa s 1.98 x 10-3 3
m /s, during the spring of 1983; no flow was observed on July. 9, 1982.
Flow nonitoring at 18 seepage (ground-water-discharge) sites was added to the surf ace-water monitoring network in 1983.
Measurements were made during l
March, July, and October 1983 during base-flow periods (appendix A).
Results of l
these~measur ements indicated that approximately 7 3 percent of. the flow leaving a
the plateau during nons torm periods flowed past the NPI and NP3 gage s; the remaining 2 7 percent was discharged f rom seepage f aces and flowed directly to -
Quarry Creek, Erdman Brook, or Franks Creek, bypassing the gaging s tations.
Th e major. seepage-discharge point was a f rench-drain system construc ted to eliminate seepage of ground water into 14 goons 2 and 3 (fig. 8).
The highest concentra-tion of seeps is between the NP3 site and the f rench drain on the northeast side of the plateau.
GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY j
Fran 1980 to July 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey drilled 41 test holes to provide geologic and hydrologic info rmation in the area of the f uel-reprocessing
. plant and the f acility's disposal site.
Locations of the test holes and pre-viously drilled test hole s are shown.in plate 1.
In all test holes except 80-10, wells or piezometers were installed to monitor wa ter-level changes.to define spatial head relationships and to determine patterns of ground-water flow f rom wa ter-table and potentiometric-surface maps.
Records of each test hole and piezoneter are given in table 1.
Wa ter-level altitude s measured f rom January 19, 1981 through Fby 2 2, 1984 are given in appendix B.
Ground-Water on the North Plateau Rechange Some of the precipitation on the north plateau drains from the area through small drainage channels; the rest infilt rates daanvard t o recharge the ground-water system.
Ground water also enters the plateau as underflow along the upland boundary southwest of the plant.
Preliminary results from a two-dimensional finite-dif ference model that simulates ground-wa ter flow through the
. surficial' gravel indicates the recharge rate to be 40 to 50 cm/yr.
Al though some water infilt rates downward into the underlying till, most of it moves laterally in the surficial gravel to points of discharge.
Ground-Water Movement in surficial Sand and Gravel Wa te r le ve ls in 10 U. S. Geological Survey wells and 15 other wells were measured periodically to monitor changes and to evaluate the direction of 15
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g round-w.a t e r f low. Mater-tab!e contours and ground-water altitudes measured on May 10, 1983 are depicted in figure 10; the contours indicate that ground water flows f ran an area southwest of the fuel-reprocessing f acilities to lower areas northeast, east, and southeast of the plant.
The saturated thickness of the suf ficial sand and gravel deposit, shoWn in figure ll, ranges from less than 1 m t o 5. 5 m.
Sone ground water discharges to wetland areas and ponds northeast of the plant, where it is lost by evapotranspiration; the remainder appears as base flow in small channels or as seepage at gravel and till contacts on steep s treambanks adjoining the north plateau. This generalized flow pattern is 1
illustrated in the cross-sectional view in figure 12.
Depth to water fluctuates throughout the year in response to seasonal variations in recharge and discharge.
Annual hydrography of observation wells 80-4 a nd 8 0-8 (fig. 13) indicate that water-table fluctuations range f rom 1 to 2 m/yr. Water levels are normally lowest in the mid-to late winter and are highest in mid-to late spring in response to recharge f rom snowmelt.
I Influence of Plant Facilities on Ground-Water Flou Plant f acilities influence the pattern of ground-water flow locally by creating barriers to flow in some areas and providing preferential discharge l
areas in others.
Part of the reprocessing t plant f acilities and the high-level-waste-tank couplex completely penetrate the surficial gravel and divert ground water around these areas.
1 l
Five lagoons have been constructed on the site as p art of a low-level-i r adi oact ive-wa s t ewa te r-t r ea tme nt facility, but only lagoon 1 penetrates the sur-ficial gravel. The lagoon is hyd raulically connected to the ground-water
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system, so that water flows bot h into and out of the lagocq. However, the
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lagoon causes a net loss of ground water through evaporation and overflow into lagoon 2 and thus represents a ground-water discharge point.
Lagoon I was removed from the wa stewa ter-treatment system in 1985.
Lagoons 2 and 3 are both excavated into the till beneath the sur ficial gravel, and wa ter levels within these lagoons are normally below the contact between gravel and till.
Lagoons 4 and 5 are finished in the sur ficial gravel, but bot h are lined to prevent le ak age.
Most ground water f rom the north plateau discharges to a large wetland area that drains into the channel above station NP3 (fig. 8.)
A significant volume of ground water also discharges to a subsurface f rench drain (shown in fig. 8)
I that was designed to reduc e ground-wa ter leakage into Lagoons 2 and 3.
The f rench drain discharges to Erdman Brook.
An outf all channel from the plant crosses the surficial gravel adjacent to lagoon 1; i t carries condensation from the steam plant and backwa sh f rom wa ter filters to an unnamed t ributary of Erdman Brook ( fig. 8 ).
Preliminary results f rom the simulation model indicate that water from the outfall channel probably recharges the surficial gravel during periods when the water table is low and that the channel receives ground water when the water table is seasonally high.
Thus, flow within the channel maintains a f airly constant water level in the sur rounding area.
17
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Base trom U s. Geolowcal survey Ashford Hollew. 1979 1 24.000 Figure 10.--Water-table altitude and direction of ground-t.nter flou in the north plateau area on Atay 10, 1983.
18
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{
Figure 11.--Saturated thickness of surficial aand and gravel in the i
north plateau area on May 10, 1983.
1 19 v
e-i 1
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)
4 y
SOtRHWEST.
NORTH 0
D' inflow from upland ares 445 -
Rock Springs Road APPROXIMATE POSITION f,
OF WATER TABLE
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' Parking lot Turn in section 440 inflow D
TION &
. 'g
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- Spring 1
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GROUND WATER FLOW tu 435 - shale
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S'Ity sand and gravel i
o e
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- j~e s=s j
Evapotranspiration g
e.
Silty ciey till 2
l g
425 2
0 -50 100 METERS I
3 420 j.j Wetland Swing -
d 0 150 300 FEET 415 g
Silty clay till.
~
Vertical Exaggerapon X 10 Figure 12.--Generalized geologio section of the surficial gravel deposit on the north plateau.
(Cocation of section is shcun in fig.10. )
1982 WATER YEAR WELL 80-8
1983 WATER YEAR 430 0
,g s r
/
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%.=s g
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A 429 0 3
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%,s 418 0 OCT NOV OEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT I
Figure 13.--Hydrography of velle 80-8 and 80-4 on the north plateau, l
1982-83. (Well locations are shoun in pl.1. )
20
Grourrl-Water Diecharge Total measured ground-wa ter discharge from the north plateau on three separate days in 1983 are presented in table 2.
These flows were measured at gaging stations NPl and NP3 and at 19 seepage faces.
The measurements of March 3 and July 5 were made during base-flow conditions with negligible surface runof f.
The measurements of October 6 reflect 2.4 cm of rain that fell during the preceding hours and produced significant runof f at station NPl.
Seasonal variation in discharge (table 2) parallels the water-table trends shown in figure 11.
The highest annual water levels generally occur in the spring af ter snowmelt and seasonal precipitation and produce the largest ground-water discharges. Water levels decline during late spring and are lowest in July, when evapotranspiration is greatest. Ground-water discharges decrease nearly 70 percent during summer.
Flow from the buried french drain near lagoons 2 and 3 remains f airly constant, however, because the saturated thickness in that part of the north plateau is sufficient to maintain discharge throughout the year.
Increased recharge in the f all causes the wa ter table to rise, and ground-water discharge increases through December. Then, as low temperatures and f reezing of the ground begin to limit recharge, discharge decreases until j
s pr ing.
j l
i Table 2.--Cewd-a1ter discharge fran the north plateau,1983
[ Values arn in liters per second. Loca tions are l
shvwn in figure 8.1 l
Discharge point 3-3-83 7-5-83 10-6-83 NP 3.
1.76 0.60 1.56 NP 1
.37
.03
.62 French drain
.29
.22
.31 Se epage flow
.38
.09 40 Tot al 2.80
.94 2.89 Hydraulic Conductivity of Surficial Gravel The horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the surficial gravel was estimated f rom slug tests on eight wells screened throughout the saturated thickness of the gravels.
Slug-test data were analyzed through a type-curve method desc ribed by Cooper and others (1967) that assumes horizontal flow to the perimeter s creen.
Alt hough the me thod was developed for wells tapping confined aquif ers, it applies also to the unconfined surficial gravel because the variation in saturated thickness during the tests was small.
The Cooper method requires semilogarithmic plots of H/H against time (t),
o where H is the decline of the water level immediately af ter injection, and H is o
the wa ter level at some time, t,
af ter inj ection. The plots were compared to a f amily of type curves presented in Cooper and others (1967) to estimate t ran smi s sivi ty.
The horizontal hydraulic conductivity was then calculated by dividing the transmissivity by the saturated thickness. A s ample plot and 21
calculation for well 80-8 is given in figure 14 Valties of horizontal hyd raulic conductivity estimated f rom the slug-test data (table 3) range f rom 0.11 to 7. 9 m /d. These values are comparable to the soil permeability of 1 to 4 m/d on the north plateau deriveil by Pearson and others (1940).
10 i
i i
i 29 s'%g*g Water level d
immediately after injection g
}
O
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- ~1
% Water level at time t 1
g H
Head in aquifer g
o at time t g
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wall of open hole 5
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+.,13 )
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/
=
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I
$5 where: T = transmissivity, em2 cm. s
/
~
g g
l t = time, s g
w t
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i K=
T/b
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=
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=
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MATCH POINT:
\\
,j g
where K = hydraulic conductmty, cm3 cm2. s
/
t = 13 seconds 9
gs w
b = aquifer thickness, m g
E
= 1.0 O\\
r2 g,
c I
i i
G-i i
o_o 0
to 100 1.000 10,000 TIME, IN SECONDS Figure 14.--Ca tcutation of hydraulto conductivity frcn atug-test data from weit 80-8, by me thad of Cooper (1967).
22
Table 3.--Hydraulic conductivity of surficial gravet on the north plateau calculated frcm stag-test data by method of Cooper and othere (1967).
[Well locations are shown on pl. l. ]
Hyd raulic conduct ivity Sa turated thickness Well number (in m/d)
(m) 80-1
- 2. 5
- 4. 5 80-2 0.22
- 2. 5 80-3
- 7. 9 1.0 80-4 0.I9
- 1. 6 80-5 0.22
- 3. 3 80-6 0.I1
- 0. 8 j
80-7 0.38
- 0. 6 80-8 1.5
- 2. 8 Ceanet ric mean 0.57 Ground-Water in the Burial-Ground Areas i
Most precipitation falling near the t~rh1 areas runs off into nearby s trearts or is lost through evapotranspiration.
The remainder percolates down-1
.s ward to the silt-clay till, the host material of the buried wastes. The till contains a shallow system where flow is predominantly ineral, and a deeper system in which f.l ow is mainly vertical.
Ground-Water Movement Shallow Till.--Recent evidence from areas near the f acility's waste-burial site suggests a strong potential for lateral migration in the shallow (3 m to m.
4 m thick), highly fractured, weathered, and oxidized till zone.
In De cember I
1983, kerosene containing an organic solvent, t ributy1 phosphate, was detected i
in a shallow observation well (82-5A) on the north side of the disposal area (fig. 15). During the ensuing months, the site operator (West Valley Nuclear Se rvices, Inc. ), under cont ract to the U.S. Department of Energy, did several studies to identify the substance and its source and to delineate the extent of D
migration.
Radiochemical analysis confirmed the presence of radioisotopes in the solvent.
Results of these investigations indicate that the organic liquid originated f rom one or more burial pits (SH-10 and SH-ll) nearly 18 m away that contained fluid of similar composition.
The ke rosene was detected mostiv at depths of 3 to 4 m within the f ractured, weathered, oxidized till.
The pits containing the solvent are about 10 m deep and were filled about 1970.
Th e extent of solvent migration in 1983 is depicted in figure 15.
Deeper Till.--A total of 14 piezometers were installed in test holes at various depths adjacent to the f acility's waste-disposal area (fig. 16) to moni-tor wa ter-level changes and to delineate the pattern of ground-water flow within the deeper, unweathered till and in underlying materials.
An east-we st c ross section through the facility's disposal area and the north trenches of the State-licensed disposal area (fig. 17) shows the distribution of head and pat-l terns of ground-water flow as indicated by water-level measurements made on j
)
l 1
23
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- l 82-5 WELL NEST
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15 3O EXPLANATION
(
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APPROXIMATE AREA OF SH BURIAL PIT AND NUMBER s_)
ORGANIC SOLVENT 6
i/
OBSERVATION WELL
/3
/
ORGANIC SOLVENT X
FENCE i
Figure 15.--Approximate ext ent of solvent migration in 1984 from the facility's vaste-disposal area. (Location is ehwn in fig.11.)
24
May 10, 1983.
In general, ground water moves vertically downward through the 22-to 28 m-thick sequence of till, even beneath small stream valleys along the cross section (fig.17), where a small amount of discharge was expected.
The i
head distribution at the facility's disposal area reflects water levels measured in piezometers along the sides of the burial ground and presumably shows a natural pattern of flow unaf fected by burial pits.
No infomation is available on the hyd raulic connection between the flow system and the burial pit s.
Data from some piezometers installed adjacent to the f acility's disposal area support Prudic and Randall's conclusions (1979, p. 859) that unsaturated conditions within the Lavery Till are found not only in the thin, narrow zone of unsaturated sediment between land surface and the water table. West of the I
f acility's burial ground, piezometers between depths of 6.1 and 16.2 m in holes j
8 2-3A, 82-3B, a nd 8 3-3C ( fig. 16) have never contained water since their installation. Prudic and Randall (1979). cited similar conditions in piezometers
]
between 5.5 and 14 m depths in holes L and Q west of trench 14 at the State-j licensed waste-burial ground. The area near the 82-3 nert of piezometers (fig. 16) is routinely traveled over and scraped by heavy equipment that has f ormed a compacted surf ace with little vegetation.
This type of surface would encourage rapid runoff of rainfall and would reduce infiltration and could thus explain the absence of saturation at depth.
Neutron moisture profiles from till near the 82-3 nest of piezometers and
=
in saturated till near the 82-1 nest of piezometers south of the facility's disposal area (appendix C) show a 0- to 10 percent moisture content in the nonwater-yielding till, compared to a 20- to 35 percent moisture content of the saturated till.
The presence of moisture in the not. water yielding till indi-cates, as Prudic and Randall (1979, p. 859) ruggested, that pressure head in this area is negative but may approach zero.
This interpretation is reflected by the dashed equipotential lines in figure 17.
Below the Till.--Wa ter moving downward through the till from the burial grounds e mntually reaches the underlying lacustrine fine sand and silt.
Da ta f rom eight test holes near the higher level and the low-level-waste disposal areas indicate that the upper sandy part of the lacustrine sequence is not water y ielding.
Neutron moisture profiles (appendix C) of four boreholes (83-1E, 83-2E, 82-3D, and 82-1D) suggest minor levels of saturation, which indicates that pressure heads are less than or close to zero through this sequence. Wa te r levels in piezometers completed in saturated silt and clay at the base of the unit (fig. 18) suggest a small lateral gradient (0.023 m/m) northeastward toward But termilk Cr eek.
Although no major springs are evident in outcrop areas along Buttermilk Creek, Prudic and Randall (1979, p. 861) suggested that either ground-water discharge may be large enough to cause soil creep but too small to carry away slumped and landslide material that mantles the outcrop slope, or that the discharge occurs chiefly where the unit dips to creek grade some distance to the north.
Head data collected during drilling of bedrock test hole 83-4E, 200 m northeast of the main plant (fig. 19), suggest that part of the water entering the saturated silt and fine sand may continue downward to recharge lower glacial deposits and the bed rock in an area northeast of the main plant building.
However, this flow pattern has not been verified in other areas of the plant f acilities because no information is available on heads wit.hin the lower sequen-ces of glacial deposits.
25
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e r
-380- POTENTIOMETRIC CON TOUR--Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells, Sept, 1983. Dashed where approximately 4p f
located. Interval 10 ~
2 7'..
(
meters. Datum is sea 30' level.
~
M STEEP EMBANKMENT 387.7
- WELL--Number is observed water level, 7
t
~
d in meters M---
DIRECTION OF GROUND-WATER FLOW 4
t 4
0 I
HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE e[
WASTE ~ STORAGE - /'
TANK COMPLEX
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399.9 387.7 N
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Base from U S Geokval Survey Ashked Honow. 19791 24.000 Figure 18.--Distribution of head within the lacustrine unit in September 1983.
Infiltration of Rainoater into Burial Pite Rapid water-level rises were recorded in aumps in the north trenches and,
trench 14 of the low-level waste-burial ground during 1974 and 1975, which stggested that rainfall was infiltrating directly through cracks and fractures in trench covers.
Cap f ailure wa s attributed to we tting and desiccation of cap 28
,['.
.- l y
.g.-'
.;":$fM-N.
. g g? g g
~
)
...h..
. Sihy sand and gravel '
EXPLANATION j
.i 10 -
........ APPROXIMATE POSITION -
Si clay till OF WATER TABLE E-
20 -
uly 21 RST EE N WE M g
e WATER-LEVEL MEASURE-W; E
MENT--Triangle indicates depth to water. Horizontal
,. Sand and gravel y
siE 30 bars show uncased part of '
d test hole at time water E
level was measured.
4 5
3 40 -
9 [
Fine send and sitt
- D 0
D
~
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50 -
9 Silty clay till j
-i j-so -
o Fine sand and silt j3
)
70 -
,.-- Saty clay till
~
//ff//J": / / / / / / / / / / / / I t Bedrock 80 -
. Figure 19.--Schenatio diagram of head relationship in bedrock test hote 83-4E, July 1983.
(Location ie shcun on pt.1.)
\\
l material, coupled with collapse and compaction of decaying refuse and waste con-tainers below. 0verflow' of trench wa ter at the north ends of trenches 4 and 5 '
i subsequently led the site operator to voluntarily close the burial operations in February 1976.
Although burial pits within the facility's waste-disposal area
. are smaller than trenches in the State-licensed waste-burial ground, the capping material and procedure used were similar to those used in the north trenches of the latter, which suggests a potential for infiltration.
'Ihe mos t significant evidence of burial pit cap f ailure and rainwater infiltration in the f acility's disposal area is the migration of organic solvent in the shallow till flow system, described earlier.
The solvent contained in burial pits SH-10 and SH-11, the probable sources of the solvent, was mixed with absorbant material and stored in steel tanks.
Burial records indicated that the tanks were buried at depths between 5 and 10 m.
The solvent migration from the pits was found at depths 1 to 2 m above the minimum. (5 m) burial depth, or 3 to 4 m-below land surf ace.
This suggests that solvent leaked out the steel tanks, and the heavier rainwater, infiltrating through pit-cap material, partly filled the burial pits and displaced the solvent upward to less than 4 m below land s ur f ace.
Once raised to this depth, the solvent migrated laterally through the f ractured, weathered, oxidized till zone.
Other evidence of pref erential infiltration of rainwater was found at a series of boreholes (62-4 series, fig. 16) drilled adjacent to the facility's 29
waste-disposal area along its northwest border.
A 15 m borehole (82-4C) in this area, drilled with continuous coring, indicated a general lack of permeable or water-bearing materials in the sequence of till penetrated.
During the drilling of a hole approximately 1.5 m northwest of the original 15 m hole (borehole 82-4A) to install a piezometer at a shallower depth, a wa ter-bearing zone was encountered at a depth of about 3.6 m that produced an anomalous pressure head of about 3 m.
Borehole 82-4A was evacuated on several occasions and, in each instance, water levels in the piezoneters recovered rapidly, which suggests that the piezometer was tapping a significant water-bearing zone.
Investigation of burial records indicated that an access ramp was excavated in the vicinity of hole 82-4A to lower a large dissolver tank into burial pit SH-9 ( fig. 2 0). The ramp was subsequently covered with reworked fill. The approximate location of the ramp and of borehole 82-4A, also shown in figure 20, sugge st that the borehole penetrated the ramp.
Bo rehole and water-level da ta indicate that the material at the base of the buried ramp has become saturated.
Lack of saturation in boreholes adjacent to the ramp suggest that the fill material, owing to its relatively high permeabili ty, has pref erentially allowed rainf all into the buried ramp. Wa ter in borehole 82-4A at a depth of about
- 3. 5 m originated at the contac t between the disturbed material that fills the r amp area and the undisturbed till at a depth of about 3. 5 m.
Evidence from two additional holes, 82-4A2 and 82-4A3, hand augered to 3-and 5 m depths, respec-tively, sou th of hole 82-4A in the ramp area, indicate that the depth of the contact between reworked fill and undisturbed till increased near the burial g rou nd. This is cons istent wi th the assumed presence of the ramp. Water levels in piezometers installed at the contact produce heads similar to those measured in hole 82-4A and indicate a small hydraulic gradient toward hole 8 2-4A.
A c ross section (fig. 21) f rom burial pit SH-9, which contains the dissolver tank, to the 82-4 nest of bore holes, shows measured water levels in piezome ters between the 82-4A, 4A2, and 4A3 and the inferred location of the contact reworked fill and the till contact.
Hydraulic conductivity of the Till The ve rtical hydraulic conduc tivity of the till in which wastes are buried the f acility's disp > sal area was es timated f rom laborato ry analy ses of at seve ral undisturbed sample s.
A total of nine till samples collected in thin-wall Shelby tubes we re analyzed with a constant-head permeability with back-pressure saturation test.
Re sui ts of these analysis, given in table 4, indi-cated that the vertical hydraulic conductivity of four samples of weathered, oxidized t ill ranges f rom 2.1 x 10-5 m/d to 1.0 x 10-4 m/d and averaged 4.27 x 10-5 m/d.
Analyses of five sample s of uawe athered, unoxidized till, also shown in table 4, resulted in vertical hyd raulic conductivities ranging f rom 1.8 x 10-5 to 3. 7 x 10'5 m/d and averaging 2.4 x 10-5 m /d.
A summary of these per-meabili ty result s and other laboratory analyses is pr esented in table 4.
Six additional constant-head permeability tests were performed on three samples of unweathered unoxidized till to examine the ef fect of overburden pressure on hyd raulic conduct ivity. Each sample was tested in two stages.
In a net cell confining pressure was used that corresponded to the t he f i rs t stage, e stimated overburden pressure at the depth f rom which the sample was obtained.
All three samples were collected f rom depths of 9.8 to 10.9 m.
In the second the sample s were consolidated to sinalate overburden pressures at greater
- stage, 30
B 4'
O C
^%
82-4 WELL NEST MP AREAN' w
v FAC1UTY'S DIS EA SH 81 SH 76 SH 95 N
SH 82 I
SH 9 SH 77 SH 96 SH83 SH 98 f,
METERS O
to 20 30 FEET EXPL AN ATION FENCE A2O WELL AND NUMBER SH 76 8URIAL TRENCH AND NUMBER l
l l
Figure 20.--Location of 82-4 series piezwteters and appro.rirtate location of buried access ramp.
(Location is shoun in fig.16.)
31
A' A
82-4 PtEZOMETERS
^
FEl4CE LINE FACIUTr$ DtSPOSAL AAEA g
C 8
A2 M
BACKFILLED l
A%TERIAL l
N 1
l s%.
9 l
E 80RLAL PIT SH 9 l
N E
I l
2 N4 UNDISTURBED TILL N
g N
N g
DISSOLVER TANK g
Not to scale 0
p 7 METER $
Brook j0 IO
$0 FEET O
EXPLANATION 6
A
\\g
$g PIEZOMETER -Number is water level g <g J y y
altitude, in meters. Datum is sea level.
n U
O" A'
rc z
5 E
F ACILITY' S yg6 UU]
DISPOSAL AREA o
M
? 4y0 E M 0
60 190 ME TEMS vi ic 2 U
150 360 F E E T LOCATION MAP Figure 21.--Geologic section from 82-4 series of piezometers to burial pit SH 9 shouing inferred position of buried access ramp.
d ep t hs ( 21. 0 t o 2 3. 2 m).
Permeability values resulting from the first stage ranged f rom 1.17 x 10-5 to 1.S x 10~5 m/d and averaged 1. 3 x 10-5 m/d (table 5).
The increased overburden pressures simulated in the second stage gave slightly lower value s ranging f rom 0.1 x 10-5 to 1. 27 x 10-5 m /d. This apparent reduc-tion in permeabili ty ranged f rora 3. 5 t o 18.4 percent and ave raged 13.1 pe rcent, which indicates that the increase in overburden pressure below trench-bottom levels reduces the hydraulic conductivity of the till only slightly.
The horizontal hydraulic conduct ivity of the clay-rich till was also eval-uated in the field.
Ho rizontal hyd raulic conduc tivi ty values we re estima ted f rom recove ry-tes t data from five piezometers.
Recovery tests we re analyzed by two methods--a type-curve-matching me thod described by Cooper and others (1967),
which assumes horizontal flow to the piezome ter sc reen, and a graphical method desc ribed by Hvorslev (1951), which assumes spherical, isotropic flow. Th e calculated values obtained by both methods ranged f rom 8.6 x 10-5 to 6. 9 x 10-6 m/d and ave raged 1. 7 x 10-5 m/d.
32
-m71r 7r p---
,.f}{
f,t {
,o Table 4.--Laboratory analysis of vertical hydraulic conduntividh
.L
'c of selected tit t samptee by constant-head pemeditity
.vith backupenseure eaturation teste o
,[
(Boring ' locations shown on pl.1. ]
../.
C Sample depth Grain size
.(
below land Moisture in sample Dry unit Ve rtical'
.x surface content (percent) weight permeability Eoring no.
(m)
(percent)
>2mn 2-0.074 <0.074mm (kg/m )
(m/d) 8
' 82-1B 0.9 - 1.45 17.6
- 1. 9 13.8 84.3 1825.9 2.5 xs10-S' 17.5*
<P 1
.g 6.1 - 6.6 19.6
- 1. 3 13.9 85.3 1760.2
- 2. 4 x 10-5 20.5*
,4 82-?A
- 1. 5
' l. 9 12.8
- 5. 3 27.5 67.2'.
1933.2
- 1. 0 x 10-4 12.4*
i i
8 2 -2B '
6.2 - 6.7 19.7
- 7. 3 19.6' 73.1 (1819.4 2.4 x 10-5 18.5*
i j
I 82-3A 1.2 - 1.7 16.7
- 2. 7 16.1 81.2 1859.5 2.1 x 10-5 l
e 1/
f 17.0*
2 i
}
5.0 - 5.5 16.'O
- 9. 6 20.5 69.9 2 091. 8
- 1. 9 x 10-5 11.2*
j j
82v B 6.1 - 6.6 18.9
- 1. 8 4.2 94.0 1758.6
- 3. 7 x 10-5 20.5*
'a 8 2-5A 1.8 - 2.3 17.6
- 3. 0 16.8 80.2 1846.7 2.16 x 10-5 17.3*
82-5B 3.0 - 3.6 18.4
- 2. 3 14.0 83.7 1816.3
- 1. 8 x 10-5 l
18.4*
o
- Pe rmeabili ty sample 1
,1
~
n.
i l
l J
r 6
3 7
I i
33 1
[#
ks -
e s.
??
N,
- ff p
,o
/
SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS g
~
i
' The We stern New York-Nuclearf:Se rvice" Cent $r/:iCoort$rn Cattahugus County uel-reprocessing plant,. a high-level' Radioactive 11qu!'d-waste tank - e$
contains a:(d other related waste : facLhities,*Sdt includa t'wo 86har' ate -burial complex, an cgroundsi for f shallow burial of lolid rdioutive wastes. The bur ial-grounds -
l c~onsist' of a"4-hectarei area itcensedM rde State of New brh f or buridl of cour-Emercial low-level' radioapp/e' wafites, andfa 2.2-ba crea pre /iously licensed by
. t he U. S. Nuclear R gula tory Co mmisdQn and 'nw ope rated by the.U. S. De partment,
<f 9 '
lof Energy for burial' of wastes with h'igher levels of radioactivity..The former is not operating at' present -(1987).
.g
/
\\
The plant 1'and wa ste f acilities are on a sequence of glacial and postglacial-
.l
~
deposits,at an altitude : of.420 m.on the we st flank of the Buttermilk Creek valley. These deposit s partly fill an ancestral bedrock valley that, i.s as inuch
. a s 150 m de ep.
Lh The ' f acilitien and burial grounds are on an elevated pla teau, referred tv,s the north: plateau)that-is underlain by an alluvial fan and fluvial deposits ' \\ '
- comp? sed jf silty' sand and gravel. Thickness of these surficial deposits randen a'
. f ro(slig%tly more than 9 m southwest of the plak area to less than 3.0 m -along e
deeply inchsed stream channels lof Quarry Creek $nd Franks Creek,' tributary g
9 '.
s treeins bordering the pla teau.
[,
fA b
y The but) al grounds 'are excavated into the, Laver / Till (LaFleur,.1979), which
,j 18; predominantly silt and clay and ranges f pm 2 2 to 28 m thick. Beneath the
, Lavery Till are recessional lacustrine. and kade delt a deposits of pos t-Kent Till i
d The units consist' of basal laminated sufjind clay grading upward.to fine age.-
to coarse sand and silt.-.,In some boreholes, th6 dpper sandy parts-of the kame l
' delta and lacustrine delozits are capped. by! coarse gravel. Evidence from r'egional stratigraphic'studles and a bedro ;bhest hole on the site iddicates
',[.
[I that post-Kent r.!cessional deposits are underlain'by at least two older clayey silt' tills, the Kent T111(and Oleh(?) Till (LaFleur, 1979).
These till units are se,7 prated by a sequence of fMe Sand and silt presumed to be post-Olean e
rece/yional lacustrine depo 3its.{
(?
y l
M
- /
-t 3
/
,, Bedrock underlying thg unconsolidated sediments consistsMf 1 and sand %,6 stone of the Upper Devonian'Canadivay and Conneaut Groups (Rik[; sha 9 rd dnd Fisher,
- g 1970). Depth to bedrock rangqs #cm about 150 m in the dupes ) parts of the
/ (
4 ancestral bedrock valley to 1.gs than 1 m along hillsihs west of the :/1mt.
l
_ '}
^
Surf ace runof f f rom the center drains to Franks Creek east and south /(( '!!'
FranksCtNk Buttermilk Creek flows # [to ' '
the main plant area and to Quarry,Cr eek north of the center.
in drains into Buttermilk Creek north of the center.
Cattaraugus Creek at Springville, and Cattaraugus Creek in turn flows into Lake Erie near Silver Creek.
L Surf ace water leaving the site was monitored at three gaging sttt ons.
Flow measured at Lagoon Road Creek on a small tributary of Franks Creek that drains g
3 parts of the disposal areas, averaged 0.675 x 10-3 m /s during 1981-83.
The m /s, and thi stream was dry for about 60 F (,; '
highest daily flow was 28. 3 x 10-3 3
1 days during the summe r.
During mos t rainstorns, itreamflow increased quickly j
with runof f from the surficial silty clay tf L1 o( the area but returned to base-
., j,fl a
Flow conditions within several hours af ter ralpfillh ended.
i
\\
s i
i 34
'J-i\\.
1
'j i i W LL
l Streamflow from the north plateau was less responsive to rainfall.
Base flow was normally sustained during summer, presumably by storage release from the surficial sand and gravel.
Flow at the NP1 station ranged from zero during 4
a few days in the summer to 31. 2 x 10-3 3
m /s.
I m /s and averaged 1.30 x 10-3 3
Flow at the NP3 s tation ranged f rom 0.113 x 10-3 3
m /s to 2 8. 3 x 10-3 3
m /s and
)
averaged 2.48 x 10-3 3
m /s.
r 1
x Periodic wa ter-level measurements in observation wells indicate that ground water in the north plateau area flows from southwest of the fuel-reprocessing l
1 plant towa rd the perime ter of the pla teau.
Struc tures such as the main plant J
.(
and the high-level radioactive liquid waste tanks create local barriers to flow, j
4; while other structures, such as lagoons associated with the low-level radio-
/
act ive-wastewater-treatment plant, provide areas of preferential discharge.
l Saturated thickness of the surficial sand and gravel ranges from 1 to 5. 5 m.
Hydraulic conductivity of the surficial sand and gravel, calculated f rom slug-tes t da ta, ranges f rom 0.1 to 7. 9 m/d.
i I
Evidence f rom a series of boreholes sugge sts that mechanisms similar to those causing preferential infiltration through materials capping the commercial burial area may be operating in the facility's disposal area. Water-level and borehole data suggest that the base of a buried access ramp used to dispose of a dissolver tank on the northwe st side of the burial area has become sa turated.
Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the clay-rich Lavery till was evaluated from laboratory permeability tests. Values f or four samples of weathered, I.
oxidized till samples ranged f rom 2.1 x 10-5 to 1. 0 x 10-4 m/d and averaged
- 4. 27 x 10-5 m/d.
Values for five unweathered till samples ranged f rom 1.8 x h
10-5 to 3. 7 x 10-5 m/d and averaged 2.45 x 10-5 m/d.
i Horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the till was evaluated through analysis c r
,/
o f recove ry-t es t data.
Calculated values from five piezometers ranged f rom 8.6
/
x 10-5 to 6. 9 x 10-6 m/d and ave raged 1.0 x 10-5 m /d.
- t. -
l i
,4 l
REFERENCES CITED j
Albaneae, J..R., An der s on, S. L., Du nn e, L. A., and We ir, B. A., 1983, Geologic and hyd rologic research at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center,
\\
b We st Va lley, New Yo rk, An nu al Repor t, Augu s t 19 81-July 1982:
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission report NUREG/CR-3207, 397 p.
Co op e r, H. H., J r., Br edehoe f t, J.
D., and Pa pad opulos, S.
S., 19 67, Re sponse 3
1 of a finite-diameter well to an instantaneous charge of water: Water Resour ces Re search, v. 3, p. 2 6 2-2 6 9.
Da thier, B. E.,1966, Precipitation in New York s tate:
It haca, N.Y., Co rnell University Ag ricultural Expe riment St ation, New Yo rk St ate College of Agriculture, Bulletin 10, 78 p.
35 1
REFERENCES CITED (continued)
Harding, W. E., and Gilbert, B. K.,1968, Surf ace water in the Erie-Niagara basin, New York:
New York St ate Conserva tion De partment, Water Resources Commission, Basin Planning Report ENB-2, 118 p.
Hvo rslev, M. J.,1951, Time lag and soil permeability in ground-wa ter obe rva tions:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wa terways Experimental Station Bulle tin 36, 4 3 p.
l LaFleur, R. G.,1979, Glacial geology and s stratigraphy of Western New York Nuclear Se rvice Center and vicinity, Ca ttaraugus and Erie Counties, New Yo rk:
U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Repo rt 7 9-989, 17 p.
Pe arson, C. S., Bryant, J. C., Se cor, William, Bacon, S. R., Lounsb ury,
Clarence, Camp, W. J., and Beadles, C. B., 19 40, S oil s urv ey--Ca ttaraugu s Coun ty, New York:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry series 1935, v. 12, 65 p.
Prudic, D. E., and Randall, A. D.,1979, Ground-wa ter hydrology and subsurface migration of radioisotopes at a low-level solid radioactive-waste disposal site, We st Valley, New York, g Carter, M. W., Moghissi, A. A., and Kahn, Bernd, (eds.), Management of low-level radioactive waste: New Yo rk,
Pe rgamon Pr ess, v. 2, p. 853-882.
Rickard, L. V., a nd Fi she r, D. W., 19 70, Ge ology of New Yo rk, Ni agara shee t:
New York State Museum and Science Se rvice, Map and Chart series, no. 15.
l 36
t i
i i
1 APPENDIXES
}
.Page lA..
Description and discharges of notable seeps.and springs in the north plateau area' of the Western 'New York Nuclear Se rvice Ce nt er.
-38
- B.
Water-level altitudes in wells at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center, 1981-84....................
41
- C..
Natural gamma and' neutron moisture information f rom ' selected
' wells logged by the U.S. Geological Survey, May 1 1,.' 19 8 3.'...
47.
-_1 1
I
.I
'l
)
4
-i 37 1
APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION AND DISCHARGES OF NOTABLE SEEPS AND SPRINGS IN THE NORTH PLATEAU AREA AT THE WESTERN NEW YORK NUCLEAR SERVICE CENTER The area that ' contains the reprocessing plant, high-level waste tanks, 'and associated treatment and s torage f acilities is known as the north plateau.
Most of the water draining the north plateau is measured at the NPl and NP3
. s treamflow stations ( fig. 8), but some is discharged f rom a series of seeps and springs along the edge of the plateau. To define the location and magnitude of
. these seeps and springs, the U.S. Geological Survey made several suveys during 1983.
(Locations are shown on pl.1. )
Description Seeps and s prings consist of zones generally 1.5 to 18 m long, downslope of the interf ace between surficial sand and gravel and the till, where sustained flow can be seen.
Physical signs of such areas are an accumulation of organic matter and ground slumping.
The organic matter is generally black, the soil sur face is moist, and sone locations have wetland vegetation. The predominant wetland vegetation at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center site is Typha app. (cattail). Within a given seepage area, water may appear at several distinct points or as general. seepage from the entire face.
Following are descriptions of seeps and springs around the north plateau; the location of each seep and spring is shown on pla te 1.
The numbering system proceeds clockwise around the plateau, starting at the new parking lot for the administration complex, which covers the first seepage area listed, and ending at the railroad gr ade south of the plant (pl.1).
Seepage Area
.SF-1 Two seepage areas under what is now the upper parking lot for the admin-istration building.
Drainsge pipes were placed near the areas for drainage.
Flow f rom these seeps generally infiltrates back into the alluvial material during dry periods.
SF-2 Several distinct wet zones. The northwesternmos t seep at the base of a maple tree (6 to 8 cm in diameter) was measurable. The other seeps have similar di scharge rates.
SF-3 Several small seeps.
Small decomposition zones and little discernible di sch arge.
SF-4 A 18 m seepage f ace with several distinct wet zones along the lef t bank of the NPl discharge station (pl.1); none were observed on the right b ank.
Seepage on lef t bank was observed year-round but was too dif fuse to me asure.
Slumping has occurred 5 to 10 m downstream.
SF-5 Two distinct seepage zones on either side of ridge, with minimal flow; no measurements were made.
Standing water in "old stream channel" that traverses this ridge may feed these seeps.
38
APPENDIX A (condnued)
SF-6 Several seeps are combined in this unit. All are small and generally appear as broad mud flats on gentle slopes but disappear or become channelized on steeper slopes.
No measurements have been made.
S F-7 Seepage beginning inside the old security fence northeast 'of the gravel pits. The seepage area broadens down slope (as f ound at SA-6) and narrows to several distinct channels as slope steepens. Measuraable flow was found in one channel.
SF-8 NP2 drainage.
Seepage zone begins inside security fence in swamp.
Flow
. increases considerably between drainpipe under fence and NP2 gage pool.
Measurements were made (see table A-1) at lower weir pool in NP2 channel.
SF-9 Two seepage zones in this f ace.
Southern zone was measurable; the other I
wa s too dif fuse. Alluvial material 1.5 to 2. 4 m thick covers sur face.
S F-10 Active seepage area on lef t bank of channel 4 5 m downstream of the NP3 s ta tion. An active slump 9 m long had dif fuse flow. A new mudflow
)
appeared in spring 1983.
A yellow-brown mud emanates f rom a 0. 3 m-deep hole on the steeper slope.
A 1 m-wide sluiceway channels the mud to the NP3 s treamcourse.
No measurements were possible.
)
1 S F-11 Active seepage area along right bank of NP3 channel.
Se epage along entire bank, 9 m upstream of station through the weir pond area
'(a approximately 15 m).
The major seepage point was measured; several others were seen. This area flows ye ar-round.
S F-12 Seepage area is 7.5 m wide with flow dispersed along entire f ace.
Flow into two broad channels, neither of which are measurable. Magnitude of seepage is similar to that of SF-13.
SF-13 Active seepage f rom 4. 5 m-wid e a rea.
Flow become s channelized one-third of the way down the slope.
SF-14 Se ep age f rom 6,n-wid e area.
Flow becomes channelized two-thirds way downslope; most of seepage is probably in this channel.
SF-15 Sc epage f rom 6,n-wid e area.
Flow becomes channelized halfway d own slope; most seepage is measured in this channel.
SF-16 Se ep ag e fr om 2 0. 5 m-wi de a rea.
Flow becomes channelized halfway j
downslope; most of the flow is probably here.
SF-17 Outlet of french-drain system eart of the large storage lagoons.
l Appreciable flow with black (manganese?) s tain in channel.
1 S F-18 Seepage f rom field east of plant complex. Forms several small connected we tlands opposite low-level waste-burial trenches. Mos t d rainage flows along south side of road.
SF-19 Long seepage area halfway between railroad and SF-18.
Small seeps near crest of slope; one of four had measurable flow.
39
. APR!'NDIX A (continued)
Table A-1.--Altitude s and discharge measurements of seepage faces around the north plateau
[ Altitudes-are in meters above land surface.
Da shes (-)
indic ate no measurable flow. - Locations are shown on pl. 1 )
Se epa ge Al tit ude Discharge measurements (L/s) area (m) 3/3/83 7/5/83 10/6/83 SF-1 approx 4 36.00 0.018 2
430.77 0.0018 d ry d ry 3 approx 418. 00 4
416.75 5
410.66 dry 6
415.50 7
415.84 0.025 0.016 8 (NP2) 413.67 0.092 0.035 0.101 9
410.96 0.007 dry 0.0 02 l
10 414.25 0.003 0.005 lI 11 414.07
- 0. 0 39 0.032 0.040 l
13 415.20 0.027 j
12 415.44 dry d ry 14 415.41 0.003 15 414.53 0.007 0.0205 0.023 16 416.14 0.005 17 416.21 0.287 0.2 15 0.312 18 418.48 0.138 0.200 19 419.27 0.008 dry dry 0.669 0.035 0.717 Rainf all (cm) 00.0 00.0 2.41 within 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> s Total Flow Computations Date 3/3/83 7/5/83 10/6/83 Pe rcentage Pe rce nt age Pe rcen tage Discharge of total Di scharge of total Di sc harge of total (L/s) discharge (L/s) discharge (L/s) discharge I
St r eamf low WP 1 0.368 13
- 0. 0 28 3
0.623 22 NP 3 1.755 63 0.595 64 1.558 53 French drain 0.2 87 10 0.215 24 0.312 10 Se epage fl ow 0.382 14 0.090 9
0.405 15 TOTAL 2.7 92 100 0.928 100 2.898 100 40
APPENDIX B WATER-LEVEL ALTITUDES IN WELLS AT THE WESTERN NEW YORK NUCLEAR SERVICE CENTER, 1981-84
[Well locations are shown in plate 1.
Altitude s are in meters.
Da shes indicate no measurement. ]
Well numbers Date 80-1 80-2 80-3 80-4 80-5 80-6 80-7 80-8 80-9 810119 432.8 419.0 416.2 810520 432.8 419.4 416.6 810623 433.1 419.5 416.9 810723 432.4 418.6 416.1 810821 432.8 419.0 416.4 810929 432.9 419.2 416.5 811022 432.9 419.3 416.6 811119 43 1.2 433.1 420.0 419.6 416.9 416.7 424.4 429.6 i
811230 430.8 432.8 419.8 419.5 416.7 416. 7 424.3 429.4 i
820105 431.3 433.0 420.0 419.8 417. 0 416.9 424.5 429.5 820129 429. 9 432.5 419.4 418.8 416.2 416.2 424.1 428.9 820209 430.7 432.9 419.7 419.1 416.5 416.4 424.2 429.2 820304 430.6 432.8 419.5 418.9 416.4 416.3 424.2 429.1 820308 430.4 432.6 419.4 418.9 416.3 416.2 424.2 429.1 820312 431.3 433.0 420.3 419.2 416.8 416.5 424.5 429.3 820315 431.7 433.1 420.2 420.5 417.3 417.3 424.6 430.3 820318 431.6 433.1 420.2 420.5 417.3 417.4 424.6 430.2 820322 431.3 433.0 420.2 420.3 417.1 417.3 424.4 429.9 820324 431.2 433.0 420.2 420.2 417.1 417.3 424.3 429.8 820402 431.2 433.0 420.1 420.0 417.0 417.0 424.3 429.7 820407 431.1 433.0 420.1 419.9 416.9 41 7.1 424,3 429.5 820412 431.1 433.0 420.1 419.9 416.9 416.9 424.3 429.5 820416 431.0 432.9 419.9 419.9 416.9 417.0 424.3 429.6 820420 430.9 432.9 419.6 419.7 416. 7 416.8 424.3 429.4 820427 430.5 432.7 419.3 419.2 416.5 416.6 424.2 429.2 820503 430.2 432.6 419.1 419.0 416.3 416.3 424.2 429.0 820506 430.1 432.5 419.1 418.8 416.2 416.3 424.2 429.0 820511 430.0 432.7 419.4 418.8 416.2 416.2 424.2 428.9 820517 430.5 432.4 419.1 418.7 416.1 416.1 424.1 428.8 820520 430.0 432.5 419.1 418.6 416.0 416.0 424.1 428.8 423.5 820601 430.8 432.5 419.4 418.8 416.3 416.2 424.2 428.9 423.4 820608 431.1 433.0 419.6 419.2 416.6 416.5 424.3 429.1 423.4 820610 430.9 432.9 419.3 419.2 416.5 416.5 424.2 429.2 423.4 820615 430.9 432.8 419.2 419.0 416.5 416.4 424.2 429.2 423.4 820616 416.1 820617 431.2 432.8 420.0 419.1 416.5 416.4 424.4 429.3 423.4 820629 431.2 432.4 420.0 419.1 416.5 416.5 424.5 429.5 423.4 820701 431.1 433.0 419.6 419.2 416.5 416.4 424.3 429.5 423.4 820706 430.7 432.8 4 19. 2 419. 1 4 16. 3 416.3 424.2 429.4 423.3 820708 430.6 432.7 419.1 419.0 416.3 416.3 424.2 429.3 423.3 820712 430.5 432.6 419.1 418.9 416.2 416.2 424.1 429.1 423.3 820715 430.5 432.5 419.1 4 18. 8 416.1 416.1 424.1 429.0 423.3 41
p -
ll:
APPENDIX B (continued)
Well numbers Date 80-1 80-2 80-3 80-4 80-5 80-6 80-7 80-8 80-9 820721 430.5 432.5 4 19.0 418.7 416.0 416.0 424.2 428.9 423.3 820727 430.2 432.4 419.0 4 18. 6 4 16.0 416.1 424.1 429.1 423.3 820805 4 31.0 432.5 419.5 418.8 416.1 416.0 424.2' 429.1 423.3 820809 431.2 432.6 419.7 418.8 416.2 416.0 424.3 429.2 423.5 820812-431.1 432.6 419.3 418.8 416.1 416.0 424.2 429,1 423.6 424.1 429.1 423.6 820816 431.1 432.6 419.0 418.8 416.0 820818 430.9 432.5 4 19.1 418.7 4 16.0 416.0 424.1 429.0 423.6 820913 430.5 432.8 4 19. 2 419.0 416.4 416.7 424.2 429.2 42 3. 6 820922 430.7 432.6 419.5 418.7 416.1 416.1 424.2 428.8 421.1 821001 430.9 433.0 821004 430.6 432.8 4 19.4 4 19. 0 416.3 4 16.3 424.2 429.2 421.5 821015 431.1 432.7 419.9 418.9 416.2 416.1 424.2 429.1 821110 430.9 433.0 4 19. 8 419.7 416.8 416.9 424.3 429.5 421.5 821130 431.2 433.1 420.0 419.7 416.9 416.9 424.4 4 29. 5 421.8 821229 431.0 433.1 420.0 420.1 417.0 4 17. 1 424.4 429.6 422.0 830113 431.0 433.0 4 19. 8 419.4 416. 7 4 16.7 424.3 4 29.2 422.1 830204 431.1 433.1 419.4 4 19.5 416.9 416.7 424.5 429.5 422.2 830217 4 29. 6 432.8 419.6 419.0 4 16. 5 416.5 424.2 429.0 422.2 830303 430.4 432.7 4 19. 5 4 18. 9 416.4 416.4 424.2 4 29. 0 422.2 830325 431.0 433.0 420.1 419.6 416.8 416.8 424.3 429.5 422.2 830414 431.0 433.0 419.7 419.4 416.7 416.7 424.4 429.3 422.3 420.2 4 19.4 4 16.7 416.7 424.3
-830421 830510 430.9 432.8 419.6 419.6 416.7 4 16. 8 424.3 429.3 422.3 830531 432.6 419.4 418.9 416.3 416.3 424.1 429. 0 422.3 830601 430,7 830615 430.1 432.5 419.1 4 18. 6 416.0 416.1 424.0 428.7 422.3 830706 430.2 432.5 4 19. 1 418.5 415.9 416.0 423.9 428.8 422.3 830726 430.0 432.3 419.0 418.1 415.8 415.9 423.9 428.6 422.3 830909 430.8 433.0 4 19.1 4 18. 9 416.0 416.0 423.9 429.0 422.4 831013 430.8 432.9 419.2 419.1 416.1 416. 1 424.3 429.1 422.5 424.5 831213 422.5 831219 416.8 419.5 831220 419. 8 831221 4 19.8 420.4 417.0 4 17. 4 424.6 430.1 422.5 840216 431.3 417.8 424.3 429.4 422.4 419.5 4 19. 9 840412 430.9 840522 432.8 433.1 420.0 420.4 416.9 4 17. 1 424.3 429.9 422.6 Well numbers Date 82-1A 82-1B 82-1C 82-ID 82-2A 82-2B 82-2C 82-3A 82-3B 406.5 821015 821110 415.6 410.8 406.5 416.3 821130 415.8 410.8 406.4 821229 416.2 411.3 406.5 416.6 410.7 407.4 42 l
e i.
- APPENDIX 'B (cont 1Cnuai):
Well nnabers
~
Date 82-1A 82-1B-82-1C 82-ID 82-2A 82-2B 2C 82-3A 82-3B 830113.
416.3 411.3
-406.3 416.5 410.8
.830204:
416.4
~411.5 406.3 416.2-410.9 l
830217 4 16.6
.411.4 406.3 416. 5 ~
410.9' 830303 416.8 411.4 4 16. 3 416.5 411.1
.830325
'417.0 411.5 406.3-416.5 411.I'
'830414 417.2:
411.9
'406.4 391.3
-416.6 411.2 y
.830601
'4 17. 6 411.7
.406.4 416.8 411.3 830615.
417.5- :411.7
-406.4
-417.8 411.3 830706 417.5 411.7 406.5
~416.9 411.2 830726-417.3 411.8 406.5 417.0
.411.2
'420.6 830912:
416.7 411.6 406.6 417.4 411.4' 420.0 831014 416.3 4 11. 5 406.6 417.0 411.5 ~
422.5 831201 416.1 411.2 406.4 420.9-411.5 831208' 416.0 411.0 406.3 416.6 411.2 422.7 412.9.
831215 416.2 411.1
'406.4-416.6
-411.4 422.7 412.9 831221 422.7 412.8 840216 417.1 411.5-406.2 416.4 411.4 421.8 412.4
~
l~
840412-417.7 411.7 406.3 416.6 411.-5 423.0 840522-4 18.5 412.3 406.6 416.9 411.5 422.3 Well-numbers 82-3C 82-3D 82-4A 82-4A2 82-4A3 82-4B 82-4C 82-5A 82-5B 821015 421.2 410.9 821110 421.6 412.0 406.7 414.1 406.7 821130 421.8 412.2 406.7 414.9 406.8 1821229 421.8 420.2 421.6 412.4 407.7 415.9
-406.8 I
-830113 421.7 421.3 421.6 413.4 416.0 406.9 830204-421.6 421.5 421.7 412.6 406.8 416.1 407.1-830217 421.6 421.5 421.6 i
416.1 407.1 830303 421.7 421.5 421.7 412.5 416.1 407.1 830325 421.7 421.5 422.1 412.4 416.1 407.1 830414 421.8 421.6 421.8 412.4 416.2 407.1 830601 392.8 421.7 421.6 422.1 412.4 416.2 407.2 830615 421.8 421.5 422.0 412.4 416.1 407.2 830706 421.6 421.6 421.8 412.4 416.0 407.2 830726 392.9 421.3 421.3 421.4 412.3 415.9 407.2
{
830912 392.9 421.2 421.0 421.2 412.2 415.8 407.2 831014 421.7 421.1 421.1 412.2 415.6 407.2 831201 393.3 407.5 l
412.3 831208 411.3 393.1 422.1 412.5 414.1 407.2 831209 414.1 831211 414.0 831213 414.0 831215 411.0 422.1 421.2 421.5 412.4 414.0 407.2 4
831219 414.1 1
43 i
APPENDIX B (continued).
Well numbers Date 82-3C 82-3D 82-4A 82-4A 4A3 82-4B 82-4C 82-5A 82-5B 412.2 831221 411.7 393.2 421.5 414.1 831222 414.1' 831229 414.3 407.7 422.3 421.3 421.5 412.5 840216-414.3 407.5 3 93. 2 422.0 421.4 421.2 412.3 840412 422.1 421.8 421.8 412.5 840522 Well numbers 82-5C 83-A-1 83-A-2 83-A-3 83-A-4 83-A-5 83-lD 83-lE 83-2D 821015 405.2
'821110 405.4 821130 405.9 821229 406.2 1
l 830113 406.2 830204 406.8 4
i 830217 406.7 l
830303 406.4 l
830325 406.3 830414 406.5 417.7 416.3 830421 4 17.8 416.3 830510 410.4 410.8 400.0 4 18. 3 416.1 830531 830601 406.7 430.7 410.4 414.6 399.6 830615 406.7 418.1 415.8 419.5 830616 410.2 399.8 430.7 830706 406.7 4 17. 9 415.7 419.9 830707 830726 406.8 417.7 415.7 420.1 430.5 410.0 410.3 399.9 430.8 409.8 410.3 399.8 418.0 415.8 420.4 830909 830912 406.8 83101'3 418.4 415.5 431.0 410.0 410.2 399.9 831014 406.8 420.5 831201 410.8 399.9 831202 409.9 411.5 400.0 831208 406.2 410.0 411.5 400.0 831215 406.3 431.1 831219 418.3 4 16. 2 831220 399.8 840216 406.4 418.4 416.6 421.2 430.9 409.7 399.8 430.9 409.5 840412 406.8 418.2 416.2 421.4 418.3 416.4 421.0 430.9 409.6 400.0 840522 44
1 APPENDIX B (continual)
Well numbers Date 83-2E 83-3D G1 G2 G3 J-l J-2 J2 J5 821229 417.5 414.3 409.3 414.7 391.3 416.5 419.2 830113 417.5 414.3 414.8 416.4 419.2 830204 417.6 414.3 409.3 414.8 416.4 419.2 830217 417.5 414.2 830218 408.9 415.8 382.0 416.3 419.3 830303 417.5 414.1 409.8 414.8 3 82. 1 416.3 419.2 830325 417.6 414.1 409.3 414.7 382.0 416.2 419.2 830414 4 18. 6 417.5 4 16.0 830510 414.7 3 82. 0 4 16. 3 419.1 830531 395.5 417.9 414.0 414.7 416.2 419.2 830601 382.1 830615 400.3 39 5.6 417.7 414.0 409.1 414.9 382.0 4 16.2 418.7 830706 400.3 395.7 417.7 413.9 409.0 414.5 381.3 416.1 418.6 j
830726 400.3 39 5.7 417.6 413.8 408.9 414.4 381.9 416.1 418.5 I
830909 400.2 39 5.7 l
830912 4 17. 3 413.9 408.9 414.4 382.1 415.9 418.6 l
831014 400.2 395.7 417.3 414.0 409.0 414.5-4 19.8 418.7 415.0 831202 400.5 395.8 831208 400.4 396.1 831213 414.6 3 81. 8 416.0 419.2 831215 400.4 395.7 840216 400.2 395.8 417.5 4 17. 5 412.6 414.9 382.3 416.0 419. 3 840412 400.2 39 5.2 417.6 414.0 409.2 419.4 3 82. 1 416.0 419.1 840522 401.0 395.6 417.9 414.0 409.1 414.6 382.2 416.2 4 19. 0 Well numbers S1 S2 V
W1 W2 CT-272 B E
F 821229 408.4 410.0 830113 410.0 379.3 830204 408.3 410.0 379.2 830217 390.1 387.5 830218 408.2 410.0 379.0 830303 408.2 410.0 379.2 390.0 387.7 830325 408.2 410.0 379.2 390.0 38 7. 7 424.0 423.9 422.5
{
830414 390.0 387.7 424.0 424.0 423.4 830510 408.2 409.9 424.0 422.7 422.9 830531 408.3
{
830601 379.1 387.7 398.0 423.7 422.4 422.5 i
830615 408.2 409.5 398.0 423.6 422.1 422.2 l
830616 378.7 38 7.5 388.4 830706 408.1 409.3 398.0 423.6 422.1 422.2 j
830707 378.7 389.4 387.5 l
830726 408.9 407.9 378.5 389.7 387.5 397.9 423.5 422.3 422.1 l
1 i
45 l
l 1
APPENDIX B (continued)
Well numbers Date S1 S2 V
W1 W2 CT-272 B E
F
]
378.6 389.8 387.7 397.9~
423.7 422.8 422.5.
830909 830912' 408.1 409.3 423.8 423.4 422.4 831013 398.0 831014 408.2 409.9 831213' 408.3 4 10. 0 397.8 831219 423.4 l
397.9 840216 408.1 410.0 379.0 423.3 397.7 840412 408.1 410.0 379.2 423.4 398.7 424.5 840522 408.2 410.0 Well numbers L-2 L-5 M-5 N-1 N-2 N-3 NJ-l NJ-2 NJ-4 427.5 424.4 830325 423.6 423.5 423.9 427.3 424.7 428.0 427.8 424.4 i
830414 424.4 423.3 423.7 427.5 830510 423.3 426.5 423.8 427.2 4 27.2 424.5 427.9 427.2 424.2 830601.
422.7 423.2 423.5 427.0 427.5 424.4 428.0 427.2 424.1 830615 422.6 423.3 423.4 426.7 427.2 424.3 427.8 427.0 424.0 i
830706 422.6 423.0.
423.4 426.7 427.1 424.2 4 27.8 427.0 424.0 l
830726 422.5 422.9 423.2 426.3 426.6 424.2 427.7 426.7 424.0 I
830909 422.8 423.2 423.6 426.1 426.9 4 24.3 427.8 426.7 424.0 831013 422.8 423.3 4 23.7 425.8 427.0 424.5 427.9 426.8 424.0 840216 424.1 423.3 424.2 426.7 427.7 424.8 428.2 427.6 424.6 1
840412 423.0 423.4 424.0 426.1 427.3 424.6 427.9 427.2 424.3 840522 423.2 424.0 424.6 427.5 427.5 424.6 428.3 4 27. 5 424.5 l
Well numbers l
NJ-6 NJ-8 NJ-10 P
Q R
j 424.9 830325 423.4 423.3 t
830414 424.4 423.3 424,9 424.7 416.4 830510 423.1 423.2 424.2 424.7 416.3 830601 423.0 423.0 424.0 416.2 830615 423.1 422.9 423.9 424.0 416.1 830706 422.7 422.9 423.9 424.1 4 16.1 4 18. 5 830726 422.5 422.9 423.8 423.9 4 16. 1 418.6 830909 422.7 423.1 424.0 424.3 416.1 419.0 l
831013 422.9 423.2 424.0 424.3 416.2 419.0 416.4 831220 840216 423.5 423.5 425.2 425.3 4 16.7 840412 423.2 423.2 424.6 425.1 416.4 4 19. 0 l
l 840522 424.2 423.5 425.0 425.4 416.7 l
46
APPENDIX C h, frL AL GAMMA AND NEUTRON-MOISTU'RE IS RMATION FROM SELECTED WELLS Following are natural I can and neutron moisture logs of selected wells logged by the U.S. Geological' Survey May 11, 1983.
Pertinent logging infor-mation of each well is presented in tables 1 and 2.
A.
Natural gamma logging Well Number 82-1D 82-3D 83-1E 83-2E 83-3E Land surface datum (m) 420.99 423.46 425.68 424.64 420.50 Depth of casing (m) 29.26 26.21 18.60 28,95 24.p9 Type of Casing AWI AW1 BW2 BW2 AW Count rate (counts /s) 20 20 20 20 20 Variable span
- 1. 0
- 1. 0
- 1. 0
- 1. 0
- 1. 0 Logging speeds (m/ min) 3.05 3.05 3.05 3.05 3.05 Time constant 0.5 0.5
- 0. 5
- 0. 5
- 0. 5 B.
Neutron moisture logging Well Number 32-1D 82-3D 83-16 63-2E 8553E Land surf ace datum (m) 420.99 423.46 425.68 424.62 420.50 Depth of casing (m) 29.26 26.21 18.60 28.95 2 4. j9 Ty pe of casing AWI AWI BW2 BW2 AW Count rate (counts /s) 500 500 500 500 500 Variable span 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.65 2.65 Logging s peeds (m/ min) 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 l
Time constant 4
4 4
4 4
l l
1 Steel flush-joint casing with inside diameter of 4.84 cm 2 Steel flush-joint easing with inside diameter of 6.03 cm 1
47
e APPENDIX C GAMMA-RADI ATION LOGS NEUTRON MOISTURE LOGS 100 WELL 83-1E '
5000
.w 4000 Go 3000 40
(
20 1000
~
i 0
0 O
5 10 15 20 25 30 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 o
100 b
8
-2 WELL 83 2E
$5000 h 80 l
4000 p 60 8
3000 y
g 2
O z
U 40 0 2000 20 1000
<t 0
0 i
O 5
10 15 20 25 30 0
0 5
10 15 20 25 30 6,000 100 WELL 83-3E 5000 go 4000 3000 l
40
/
2000 20 1000 1
i i
i i
o 0
0 5
10 15 10 25 30 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 DEPTH BELOW LAND $URFACE. IN METERS DEPTH BELOW LAND SURF ACE, IN METERS Figure C1.--Geophysical borehole toge from select ed welle near the facility's vaste disposal area shouing gamma radiation and neutron-moisture readings within the lavery Titt and in tower unite.
48
APPENDIX C NEUTRON-MOISTURE LOGS GAMMA-RADIATION LOGS 100 WELL 82-1D g
e0 4000 80 3000 i
h-40
\\,
2000
~
~
l l
o h
1000 20 0
0
{
0 s
10 1s 20 2s 30 0
s 10 1s 20 2s 30 g
?ii 8
8 i
1 O
j w
h 100 6000 m
i o
WELL 82-30 I
l 2
< s000 1
g e0 6 4000 eo 3000 40 2000 l
_i i
i i
i 0
0 O
s 10 1s 20 2s. 30 0
s 10 1s 20 2s 30 DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE.lN METERS DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE lN METERS Figta e C1.--Coophysical borehole loge fran selected vette near the facility's vaste-disposal area shouing ganm radiation anl neutron-moisture readinge within the Lavery Tilt and in lover unite.
f
(
49
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