ML20217E044
| ML20217E044 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 03/24/1998 |
| From: | Christina Antonescu NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REGULATORY RESEARCH (RES) |
| To: | Hodges M NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REGULATORY RESEARCH (RES) |
| References | |
| CON-FIN-W-6960 NUDOCS 9803300366 | |
| Download: ML20217E044 (36) | |
Text
._______ __-___ - _-________-
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March 24, 1998 MEMORANDUM TO: M. Wayne Hodges, Director Division of Systems Technology i
s Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research THRU:
Thomas L. King, Acting Chief
/s/ John Calvert for Control, Instrumentation, and Human Factors Branch Division of Systems Technology Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research FROM:
/s/
Control, Instrumentation, and Human Factors Branch Division of Systems Technolog3 Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
SUBJECT:
REQUEST TO ACCEPT PRELIMINARY 189 i recommend that the attached preliminary proposal for Job Code W6960, " Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility" be approved. My recommendation is based on the following:
The attached proposal was evaluated, discussed with the proposer, and the results of the negotiations are documented in the attached NRC Form 555. The preliminary proposal was within the scope of the modification.
I believe that the agreed upon work is cost-effective and consistent with the budget that is available for this work. Thus, I recommend that you approve acceptance of the Preliminary 189 and FY98 funding in the amount of $150,000. Acceptance of the Preliminary 189 is necessary so that work can begic as soon as possible to meet our schedule.
Attachments:
- 1. Foim 189
- 2. Form 555
- 3. Proposal Evaluation DISTRIBUTION Central File CIHFB RF PUBLIC TKing JPersensky Q [-O_ o '
CAntonescu J
9 l
DOCUMENT NAME: G:\\ClHFB\\WINFILES\\W6960.MEM I
To receive a copy of this document, indicate in the box: "C" = Copy without enclosures "E" = Copy with enclosures "N" = No copy 0FFICE CIHFB: DST 6:
CIHFB: DST CIHFB: DST NAME 4/ CAntonescu JPersensky hY' TKing by %v.
DATE 03/M'/98 03/2 o /98 '
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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION O
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,tn March 24,1998 q
MEMORANDUM TO: M. Wayne Hodges, Director Division of Systems Technology f
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research t#
9#.M L
THRU:
Thomas L. King, Acting Chief fg gva Control, instrumentation, and Human Factors Branch u
y#
Division of Systems Technology Office of Nuclear Regulatory.
arch FROM:
Christina Antonesc MA Control, Instrumentation, and Human Factors Branch Division of Systems Technology Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
SUBJECT:
REQUEST TO ACCEPT PRELIMINARY 189 i recommend that the attached preliminary proposal for Job Code W6960, " Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility" be approved. My recommendation is based on the following:
The attached proposal was evaluated, discussed with the proposer, and the results of the negotiations are documented in the attached NRC Form 155. The preliminary proposal was within the scope of the modification.
I believe that the agreed upon work is cost-effective and consistent with the budget that is available for this work. Thus, I recommend that you approve acceptance of the Preliminary 189 and FY98 funding in the amount of $150,000. Acceptance of the Preliminary 189 is necessary so that work can begin as soon as possible to meet our schedule.
Attachments:
- 1. Form 189
- 2. Form 555
- 3. Proposal Evaluation I
(.[
NRC FORM 683 U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY CvuiMIS$10N JOB CODE
=
iu
SUMMARY
OF NEGOTIATIONS W6960 NAME OF LABORATORY NRC vrrict:
NRC DMSION OakRidge National Laboratory.
RES DST PROJECT TITLE Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility
SUMMARY
OF ISSUES DISCUSSED APPROACH Acceptable as proposed, since it follows the S0W very carefully.
SCOPE The preliminary proposal was within the scope of modification.
PERSONNEL QUAUFICATIONS Acceptable as proposed.
TRAVEL
)
1 Acceptable as proposed.
SCHEDULE
.The completion times in the proposal on certain tasks are extended somewhat beyond those in the S0W schedule; but considering contract progress to date, the later starting time in the proposal is more realistic.
SUBCONTRACT / CONSULTANT EFFORT Not applicable.
REPORT REQUIREMENTS The proposal follows the S0W.
i OTHER DELNERABLES
-Not applicable.
DeRC FORM tes (total FOR OM10NAL USE PRNTED ON RECYCLED PAPER 1
i
1
SUMMARY
OF ISSUES DISCUSSED (cintinued)
]
MATERIALS Acceptable as submitted.
EQUIPMENT PURCHASE Not applicable.
REQUIRED START DATE 1
i The project.Will st' art as soon as the contract is in place, j
SPENDING PLAN l
Acceptable as proposed.
FlP OR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COORDINATION Not applicable.
l 1
COST Acceptable as proposed.
X THE PROPOSED COSTS WERE CONSIDERED REASONABLE, GIVEN THE SKILL MIX, LEVEL OF EFFORT REQUIRED AND DEGREE OF COMPLEXITY INVOLVED IN THE PROPOSED EFFORT. NO EXCEPTIONS WERE
- TAKEN TO THE NRC SOW.
l THE ITEMS NOTED ABOVE WERE DISCUSSED AND/OR CLARIFIED WITH THE DOE LABORATORY.
THE FOLLOWING CHANGES TO THE NRC SOW WERE AGREED UPON.
1 OTHER COMMENTS SIGNATURE V
(Pnnled or Typed Name)
SIGPATURE DATE 63/P)*/g
4 j ' u -
om o omm u=
==o - aroem.
m-
- (
@poRu tesisiwt 1)
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION DATE PROPOSAL SENT g,m q
2/18/98 NRCuos,T l'-
DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND X
1998 4
NEw ev COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK REWSION NUMBER PROJECT TITLE JOB CODE Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility W6960 NRC OFFICE NRC S&R NUMBER Office of Nuclear Rerulatory Research Division of Systems Technology _
860 15 21 10 15 DOE c0NTRACTOR NRC DOC CODE Lockheed Martts Emerry Resee _ reb Corporation 253D stTE Oak Ridge Nationalimberatory CONTRACTOR ACCOUNT NUMBER f
Oak Ridge. Tennessee 37831 41 W6 % OW 1
}
COGN51 ANT PERSONNEL ORGANIZATION TELEPHONE NO.
DOE S&R NUuSER
<t010 0106 i
~
NRc PRamCT MAN 4GER PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE Christina Antonescu -
RES// DST /CIHFB (301)415-6792 OTMR NRC TECHNCAL STAFF P902h! START DATE 03/01/98 DOE PROJECT MANAGER FROJECT END DATE S. R. Martin DOE-ORO (423)576-4522 12/31/98 LABORATORY PROGRAu D6 RECTOR C.E.Puzh CMO (423) 574-0422 LABORATORY PROJECT MANAcaEM R. T. Wood 1&C (423)574-5578 PRaNC PAL WVESTMATOR(S)
P. D. Ewing I&C (423)576-5019 MEY PER$0NNEL 1
STAFF YE@.8 OF EFFORT FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 owtECT sCt4NTwiC/YECMICAL 0.5 0.2 0
0 OTHER DIRECT (SUPPORT SERV:CES) 0 0
0 0
TOTAL DIRECT STAFF YEAR 3 0.5 0.2 0
0 COST PROPOGAL poww= w neumrsi piRECT LAa0R (sCIENTFIC/ TECHNICAL) 68 23 0
0 CVERNEAD (INCLUDED IN DIRECT LA80R) uATumuutsewCEs 5
1 0
0 FOREioN 0
0 0
0 00uEstic 2
4 0
0
)
sueCoNTRACT(s) 0 0
0 0
i omER DWtECT 0
0 0
0 GENERAL AND Aouwe6TRATIVE EXPENSES 35 12 0
0 TOTAL ESTIIJATED 110 40 0
0 L.ABORATORY PROJECT COST DOE Ao0ED FACTOR 0
0 0
0 TOTAL DOE PROJECT COST 110 40 0
0 CwiyovfR FRou PRoR FY 0
-40_
0 0
CANRyovfR TO NEXT FY 40 0
0 0
TOTAL FUNDING REQUIRED 150 0
0 0
NRC roRu tee tioasj PAGE 1
OF 14 J
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po.es) mRC eORu ice (Put 2)
U.S. NUCLEAR GEGULATORY COMMISSION m coeg i
p NmCuDti.T DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND W6960 cATE I
COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 FOR PROJECTS, EXCLUDING TASK ORDERS AND TASK ORDER AGREEMENTS PROJECT tmz Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility DOE PROPOGNG ORGANGATION Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Oak Ridge National Laboratory ESTIMATED COST BY TASK ($K)
TASK 1 TASK 2 TASK 3 TASK 4 TASK 5 35 13 25 29 48
~
TASK 6 TASK 7 TASK 8 TASKS TASK 10 TASK 11 TASK 12 TASK 13 TASK 14 TASK 15 l
TASK 16 TASK 17 TASK 18 TASK 19 TASK 20 J
PROJECT DESCRIPTION A HARRATNE DESCRIPTION 88 PROVIDED ON EACH OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS W THE ORDER USTED.
I' 08JECTIVES OF PROPOSED WORK 0 REPORTING REOUIREMENTS AND SCHEDJLE
- 2. SUuMARY OF PRIOR EFFORTS
- 9. SUBCONTRACTOR / CONSULTANT AND MAJOR PROCUREMENT WORMATION' I WORK TO BE PERFORMED AND EXPECTED RESULTS
- 10. NE FACNS, F REOUND
- 4. PROPOSED PERSONNEL-INCLUDE RESUMES
- 11. CONFUCT-OF-MTEREST WFORMATION S. meet:iNGS/TRAat
- 12. CLASsFICATION OR SENSmVITY, F APPUCASLE (e.g., safeguards, proprietary, other)
- 8. unep m DuA m S
- 13. ADDENDUM: (A) WTERPRETATIONS OF STATEMENT OF WORK, (S) COST WFORMATiON, AND(C) SCHEDULE
- 0RMATION
- 7. RELAttONSHF l'O OTHER PhamCTS 14 SPENDMGPtAN
- PRCueCTS WITN COST. TYPE SUSCONTRACTS CANNOT DE CLOSED OUT UNTIL REQURED DCAA AUDfTS HAVE SEEN CONDUCTED l
SIGNATURE-APPROVALN DATE
[
f, W. M C. E. Pugh, Director, NRC Programs M ~M "
8 NRC PORM 1es 0083)
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JacPonu mtc m U.S. NUCLEAR REQULATORY COMMISSION JoS CODE
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0o93)
W6960 g
nneuo nr DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND oArE i
CO8T PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TELE
- Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility 1.
OBJECTWES OF PROPOSED WORK:
There is a potential susceptibility of both digital and analog safety-relatei instrumentation and controls (I&C) systems to adverse effects resulting from conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) along interconnecting signal lines. Traditional means for addressing immunity to EMI/RFl involve susceptibility testing to verify that equipment can withstand projected electromagnetic conditions and installation employing proper grounding and isolation practices. Based on previous resemith, it has been found that the test criteria and methods described in the U.S. military standards do not specifically address conducted suscepdbility along interconnecting signal lines. In addition, the expected
~
conducted EMI/RFI conditions for signal lines have not been well characterized in nuclear power plants. Derefore, addressing conducted susceptibility along signal lines and establishing the means to assure an appropriate level ofimmunity remain open technical issues for safety related I&C systems in nuclear power plants.
EM1/RFI noise conducted along interconnecting leads can causs erroneous or out-of-range signals. De resulting incorrect or failed safety-significant process variables can lead to missed or spurious trips for individual channels. De detectability of such effects depends on the character of the stressor. If the EMI/RFI source is chronic, then it may be detected during periodic surveillance. If the EMI/RFI source is intermittent, then it may not be detected until a channel fails to properly perform its safety function. Thus, susceptibility to conducted EMI/RFI effects poses a potential hazard that may lead to degraded or failed performance of safety telated I&C components, thereby reducing the overall assurance of safety by compromising the performance ofindividual safety channels.
The objective of this project is to develop the technical basis for guidance to address the potential susceptibility of safety-related I&C systems to effects resulting from conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines. Such guidance should help to ensure that safety related IAC systems are adequately qualified for the electromagnetic conditions they are expected to experience by endorsing conducted EMI/RFI immunity test criteria, methods, and operating envelopes that are applicable to interconnecting lines for I&C rystems in nuclear power plants.
The rescuch approach proposed to resolve the potential susceptibility of safety-related I&C systems to conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines includes an evaluation of the significance of the hazard, an assessment of preferred methods to establish immunity, a characterization of the expected EMI/RFI conditions, and a determination of reasonable withstand levels for testing. An investigation into the potential consequences of EMI/RFI on signal lines will incorporate the research findings of an experimental investigation into the effects of conducted EMI/RFI that will be performed under the related research project JCN Ll?98," Qualification of Advanced I&C Systems." Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards that have been identified in the r: lated project JCN L1951. " Regulatory Guide and Acceptance Criteria for EMI/RFI in I&C Systems," will be assessed to select appropnate test criteria and test methods for determining the susceptibility of I&C systems -
to conducted EMI/RFI along signal lines in nuclear power plants. Operating envelopes for conducted electromagnetic conditions will be derived based on an understanding of the expected nuclear power plant electromagnetic environment and the
. established operating envelopes for comparable industrial and military environments. De end product of this research is expected to be guidance on appropriate methods and criteria to address this issue in safety-related I&C systems at nuclear power plants.
2.
SUMMARY
OF PRIOR EFFORTS:
This proposal describes a new project. ORNL has two related NRC sponsored projects that address environmental compatibility issues for safety related IAC systems. The first project is JCN Ll951, " Regulatory Guide and Acceptance Criteria for EMI/RFI in IAC Systems." De research under JCN L1951 involves the assessment of military and commercial standards for addressing EMC for I&C systems in nuclear power plants. During the course of this research, military test criteria and methods for evaluating radiated and conducted susceptibility and emissions were identified for endorsement in EMC guidance It was found that the military susceptibility standards (in particular, MIL-STD 461C) did not specifically address conducted susceptibility along interconnecting signal lines and that the electromagnetic environment in nuclear power plants was not sufficiently charactented to suppost the establishment of recommended operating envelopes for this phenomena. A vecent task under JCN L1951 identified some consensus standards that include conducted EMI/RFI immunity test methods that unc ronsnespes)
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(uncrosm tootcoewee, U.S. NUCLEAR REKULATGRY COMMISSION Joe CooE om W6960 Nacuosit DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND care COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted SusceptibiIity can be applied to interconnecting signal lines. The findings of this study represents input to the proposed g roject and the approach followed for JCN Ll951 serves as a model for this research.
The second project is JCN Ll798, " Qualification of Advanced I&C Systems." The research under this project involves the identification of functional and environmental qualification issues for microprocessor-based I&C equipment. As part of that research, an experimental digital safety channel (EDSC) was assembled and used to investigate the cifeus of environmental stressors on the functional performance of digital safety systems. Electromagnetic susceptibility tests have been perfonned on the EDSC to identify potential vulnerabilities of digital technologies to environmental stress and to assess the adequacy of the test methods for use with digital equipment. ~lhe confirmatory research performed under JCN Ll798 gives ORNL practical experience with EMI/RFI immunity test methods. In addition, the EDSC provides a test platform to assess t!u potential susceptibility of safery-related I&C systems to conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines.
3.
WORK TO BE PERFORMED AND EXPECTED RESULTS:
Sumamarv 1he proposed work supports the development of & technical basis on which NRC staff will devise regulatory guides that will help qualify and ensure the operability of analog and digital safety related !&C equipment in a nuclear power plant environment. The focus of this researcl. is conducted EMI along interconnecting signal lines. For FY 1998, research is directed toward accomplishing the following objectives: (1) evaluate the potential consequences of conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines to determine the significance of the hazard such effects pose; (2) develop the technical basis for recommendations on conducted EMI/RFIimmunity test criteria and methods suitable for nudear power plant safety-related applications; (3) characterize the conducted EMI/RFI environment for signal lines in nuclear power plants based on available information; and (4) provide technical assistance to the NRC Program Manager in the presentation of project results to ACRS, NRR, and others in the nuclear industry.
l P - " had of Perfer--- = FY 1998 - First Ourin W 1999 Task 1. Project Management - The overall project will be managed through approved procedures. Monthly reports summarizing technical prog ess, trports and publications produced, meetings and trips, problems, and program expenditures will be piepared.
The deliverables for this task are Monthly Status htter Reports.
(a)
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31,1998 (b)
FY 1998 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.12FTE FY 1999 Estimated 1.4 vel of Effort:
0.04 FTE Task 2. Evaluation of Conducted EMI/RFI Hazard - This task supports an evaluation of the potential consequences of conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines. To confirm the potential susceptibiliti of I&C systems to effects induced by conducted EMI/Pfl, an investigation into the potential consequences of such exposure will be performed. One aspect of this study will involve a review of event databases (LER and NPRDS). In addition, the study will incorporate the i
research findings of an experimental investigation into the effects of conducted EMI/RFI that will be conducted u:4er the related research project JCN Ll?98," Qualification of Advanced I&C Syst:ms."
The deliverable under this task is input to the determination of immunity guidelines for conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signallines.
1 (a)
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31,1998 (b)
FY 1998 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.07 FTE FY 1999 Estimated hvel of Effort:
0.00 FTE mac Pomuice oc es)
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- I eene comu m tecranwee U.S. NUCLEAR REuut.ATeRY COMMISSION JOS CODE poem W6960 Nacuo n.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND oarg COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility Task 3. Immunity Goldelines for Conducted EMI/RFI along Interecomeeting Signal Lines -his task provides assistance to and suppott of NRC staff in developing the technical basis for addressing the immunity of safety-related IAC systems in nuclear power plants to conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines. In the related project JCN L1951," Regulatory Guide and Acceptance Criteria for EMI/RFI in I&C Systems," EMC standards developed for the non nuclear power generation industry have been reviewed to identify those addressing susceptibility to conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines. Some of the most promising candidates include IEC 61000 4-6, " Electromagnetic Compatibility, Part 4. Testing and Meaturement Techniques, Section 6. Immunity to Conducted Disturbances, Induced by Radio Frequency Fields," International Electrotechnical Committee,1996; MIL STD-464," Electromagnetic Environmental Effects for Systems," U.S. Department of Defense 1997; 1EEE C63.15. " Immunity Measurement of Electronic Products," Institu'e of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, draft (expecied to be balloted for approval in November 1997).
i These standards will be assessed to develop recommendations for test criteria and test methods that are applicable to the nucleet power plant I&C systems.
The deliverables under this task are a NUREG/CR documenting the technical basis for addressing conducted EMI/RFI on signal lines and technical support for the development of guidance for immunity test criteria and methods that are applicable to safety related I&C systems in nuclest power plants.
(a)
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31,1998 (b)
FY 1998 Estimated Levelof Effort:
0.10 FTE
)
FY 1999 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.03 FTE Task 4. Characterize Conducted EMI/RFI Conditions for Signal Lines la Nuclear Power Plants - This task provides the technice.1 basis for determining conducted EMI/RFI operating envelopes tailored for signal lines of safety related I&C systems in nucicar power p!snts. These operating envelopes will serve to establish recommended testing levels for use in immunity testing ofinterecnnecting signal lines. This effort involves the identification and critical evaluation of testing levels for similar industrial and military environments. In addition, existing evidence and understanding of the expected conducted EMI conditions for signal lines in nuclear power plants will be assessed to suppott the development of operating envelopes that are consistent with the nuclear power plant environment. De resulting recommendations for applicable operating envelopes can be confirmed in future effort through mesurements of characteristic conducted EMI/RFI levels in nuclear power plants, as warranted.
)
De deliverable under this task is technical support for the development of acceptable operating envelopes that are applicable
{
for conducted EMI/RFlimmunity testing of safety-related I&C systems in nuclear power plants.
(a)
Estimaad Completion Da:e:
December 31,1998 (b)
FY 1998 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.15 FTE FY 1999 Estimated Levelof Effort:
0.00 FTE j
i Task 5. Techalcal Assistance to the NRC Project Manager-nis task provides technical assistance and input to the NRC l
Project Mr. nager. Activities include support for presentation of project results to the Advisory Committee on Reactor
)
Safeguards (ACRS), supplemental documentation of project findings for review and discussion with NRR, and dissemination of technical information to the nucler.r industry through the Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting (WRSM) and other appropriate conferences, with concurrence from the NRC Project Manager.
De deliverables for this task are ACRS presentation materials and testimony and technical papers for appropriate conference publications such as WRSM.
I l
NRC PORu tas 00 93)
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NRC FORW 13e (Conenued)
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATO..Y COMMISSION JOB CODE 0033)
W6960 uncuo ti.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND
+
cars COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility (a)
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31,1998 (b)
FY 1998 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.10 FTE FY 1999 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.10 FTE 4.
PROPOSED PERSONNEL-INCLUDE RESUMES:
Richard T. Wood Program Manager responsible for project planning, administration, and reporting.
l Paul D. Ewing Principal Investigator for conducted EMI/RFI immunity research.
'5.
MEETINGS / TRAVEL:
Trio Puroor.e Staff and Time
' Wash., DC To participate in program review 1 trip,2 people for 2 days Wash., DC To participate in ACRS meetings 2 trips,2 people for 3 days
]
Wash., DC To present technical paper I trip, I person for 4 days at WRSM Deviations from the t, ravel submitted as part of NRC Form 189 and accepted by issuance of an NRC Form 173 will be coordinated with the NRC Project Manager.
Foreign travel must be addressed separately and approval must be obtained by processing NRC Form 445,in addition to being provided as part of the approved proposal.
6.
NRC FURNISHED MATERIALS:
Proprietary or other privileged information may be provided by the NRC Project Manager on an individual basis with the understanding that it will be protected from disclosure and will be returned to NRC upon completion of the task. ORNL will safeguatd proprietary or privileged informatica including company confidential data in accordance with 10CFR 2.790 and not release sach information to any person not directly involved in the performance of work under this project unless such release is authorized by the contracting officer, j
7.
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PROJECTS:
ORNL programs related to this project include JCN B0828, Aging-Components and Systems Ill, JCN Ll?98, Quahfication of Advanced l& CSystems, and JCN L1951, Regulatory Guide and Acceptance Criteriafor Electromagnetic and Radio Frequency laterference in /&C Systems. Programs at other laboratories that are closely related to this project include JCN W6542 (previously JCN L1908, Aging-Risk Based Prioritization of Stressors) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In addition, we are aware that the National Research Council assessed for NRC:RES the needed research framework in which to address total systems issues for digital 1&C systems.
NRC PORM tes 00 as)
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~ '.S. NUCLEER RELULATORY COMMISSION U
Joe COD (so.es)
W6960 Nacuo tu DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND om COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TTTLE:
Sigr.al Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility 8.
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS AND SCHEDULEt NUREG Reports:
1.
Publish a NUREG/CR documenting the technical basis draft August 31,1998 for addressing conducted EMI/RFI on signallines. (Task 3) final November 30,1998 Other Publientions and Presentations:
A T-chnient Retorts 1.
Pronde input for guidance on conducted EMI/RFI immunity test draft December 30.1998 criteria and methods that are applicable to interconnecting signal lines for safety-related I&C systems. (Task 3) 2.
Psovide inpet for guidance on conducted EMI/RFI immunity draft December 30,1998 operating envelopes that are applicable to interconnecting signal lines (ce safety-related 1&C systems. (Task 4) 3.
Provide testimony before the Advisory Committee on As scheduled Reactor Safeguards. (Task 5) 4.
Submit a paper to the WRSM documenting project findings on fin)
October 30,19M conducted EMI/RFI immunity test criteria and methods. (Task 5)
B. Publication Note The NRC Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES) encourages the publication of the scientific results from RES-sponsored programs in referced scientific engineering journals as appropriate. If the laboratory proposes to publish in the open literature or present the information at meetings in addition to submitting the required technical repons, approval of the proposed article or presentation should be obtained from the NRC Project Manager. The RES Project Manager shall either approve the rnaterial as submitted, approve it subject to NRC suggested revisions, or disapprove it. In any event, the RES Project Manager may disapprove or delay presentation or publication of papers en information that is subject to Commission approval which has not been ruled upon or which has been disapproved. (Additionalinformation regarding the publication of NRC-sponsored research is contained in NRC Management Directive 3.9 and 3.10.)
If the presentation or pape.r is in addition to the required technical repons and the RES Project Manager determines that it will benefit the RES project. the Project Manager may authorize payment of travel and publishing costs, if any, from the project funds. If the Project Manager determines that the articles or presenteion would not benefit the RES project, the Project Manager can specify the costs associated with the preparation, presentation or publication will be borne by the contractor. For any publications or presentations falling into this category, the NRC reserves the right to require that such presentation or publication not identify the NRC's sponsorship of the work.
Any reports to be generated shall not contain any proprietary (including the unit specific NPRDS data), confidential or copyrighted material without written permission from the institutions and organizations to which the information may belong.
C. Monthly letter Srnrut Reoort Monthly letter status reports (MLSRs) will be delivered during the course of the period of performance and a final report will be generated following the completion of all scheduled tasks. Details on the content and fonnat required l'or the MLSR are included in Part VI and Exhibit 12 of Handbook i1.7.
nne pew see($o es)
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y v
.NRC FORM ins (consnued)
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION a
Joe CooE (10-33)
W6960 wncne1u DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND em COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RF1 Conducted SusceptibiSty The MLSR will be submitted by the 20th of the month to the NRC:RES Project Manager, Christina Antonescu. with copie provided to the following:
- M. Wayne Hodges, Director, Division of Systems Technology, M/S T-10E37 T. L King, Acting Chief. Control, Instrumentation, and Human Factors Branch, M/S T-10E37 Division of Contracts and Propeny Depanment, Office of Administration M/S T 712.
9.
SUBCONTRACTOR / CONSULTANT AND MAJOR PROCUREMENTINFORMATION:
A. Subcontracto /Consuhant Information Not applicable.
B. Luinment Purchases No equipment purchases are planned for this period of performance. Normally, the purchase of propeny costing $500 or more (including Federal Information Processing (FIP) resources) will be approved through issuance of a work order accepting the proposal in which the property is listed. If additional property costing $500 or more (including FIP resources)is needed after l
work starts, the laboratory will request approval of the additional propeny in writing to the RES Project Manager. This written j
request can be in the form of a revised proposal or a letter.
C. Maior Procuremeals Not applicable.
- 10. SPECIAL FACILITIES,IF REQUIRED:
Not applicable.
- 11. CONFLICT-OF-INTEREST INFORMATION:
There are no known relationships between this organization or its employees with industries regulated by the NRC and suppliers thereof that might give rise to an apparent or actual conflict of interest regarding the work described in the proposal.
- 12. CLASSIFICATION OR SENSITIVITY, IF APPLICABLE (e.g., safeguards, proprietary, other):
Any software development performed under this program will adhere to the procedures specified in the Oak Ridge Natinal Laboratory Instrumentation and Controls Division Quality Assurance Procedures (QA-IC 19 Software). "Ihese procedures are based on ANSl/IEEE Stds. 7B1984 and 983-1986 and on ANSI /ASME NQA 1 and NQA 2.
Mac romu tas(io.m3)
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mac.Fosw see (cononued)
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION m co0E
[,o.es)
W6960 Nacuo is.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND care COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility
- 13. ADDENDUM:
(A) Interpretations of Statement of Work - The tek numbering in this dccument is different from the Statement of Expected Work to facilitate tracking of significant project activities. Task 1, which covers project management, was not directly identified in the Statement of Expected Work. The level of effort required for project management was estimated for Task I and is within the overall budget provided for the project in FY 1998. With the inclusion of the project management task, the task designations given in the Statement of Expected Work are increased by one unit (e.g..
Task 2 is Task 3 in this document, etc.).
The estimated level of effort for each task differs from the Statement of Expected Wcak because the estimated level of effort was subdivided into FY 1998 levels and FY 1999 levels (corresponding to carryover funds for the first quarter of fY 1999). The sum totals for each task correspond to those given m the Statement of Expected Work.
1 l
l Nmc PORW tae(16es)
PAGE 9
OF 14 4
lanckonu see (consnuea)
U.S. NUCLCAR REGULATORY COMMISSION JOB CooE
' pp.es; W6960
)
uncuo ti.t DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND ons COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility
- 13. (B) Cost Irformation Estimated Cast Schedule ($K)
Prior Years 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Tuki 0
0 27 8
0 0
35 Task 2 0
0 13 0
0 0
13 Task 3 0
0 19 6
0 0
25 Task 4 0
0 29 0
0 0
29 Task 5 0
0 22 26 0
0 48 Previously Completed Tasks 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Subtotal 0
0 110 40 0
0 150 DOE Added Factor 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Total (Costs) 0 0
110 40 0
0 150 Carryover from Prior Fiscal Year 0
0 0
-40 0
0
-40 Carryover to Next Fiscal Year 0
0 40 0
0 0
40 Total (Funding) 0 0
150 0
0 0
150 I
wnc Pomuinpom)
PAGE 10 OF 14
,{
mac1omu ise(cononueo U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Joe CooE (io43)
W6960 Nacuosu DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND ong COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility
- 13. (C) ScheduleInformation Subtask / Milestone Schedule FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 BEYOND Subtask / Milestone i
a 314 i : j3 4
i a
3 4
1 2
3 4
5 2
3 4
FY 2001 Task 1:
Complete project planning and dl budget proposals (189 Forms)
Task 1:
Review project progress and report to g
NRC Project Manager (Spring and Fall Program Reviews)
Task 1:
Oversee project by monitoring costs, N
preparing MLSRs, reviewing l
technical reports Task 2:
Review LER and NPRDS records to identify events resulting from d
conducted EMURFI Task 2:
Evaluate conducted EMI/RFI hazard b
based on documented effects and l
experimental results Task 3:
Review conducted EMI/RFI A
immunity guidelines for suitability p
for interconnecting signallines Task 3:
Develop the technical basis for g
recommendations on conducted l
EMI/RFIimmunity test criteria and methods Task 3:
Document recommendations U b guidance on conducted EMI/RFI l
immunity for signallines Task 3:
Provide input for guidance on g
conducted EMI/RFlimmunity test l
criteria and methods for signallines Task 4:
Characterize the conducted EMI/RFI 4
environment in NPPs through l
analysis ofindustry data Task 4:
Review recommended testlevels 4
from commercial standards on l
conducted EMI/RFIimmunity Task 4:
Develop the technical basis for g
recommendations on conducted l
EMI/RFIimmunity operating envelopes Task 4:
Provide input for guidance on A
conducted EMI/RFIimmunity l
operating envelopes for signal lines NRC PORM ISO (10 93)
PAGE 11 OF 14
secpomu see(conenueo)
U.S. NUCLEAR RE:AULATORY COMMISM JoeCODE (10.e3)
W6960 Nacuo11.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND ons COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signej Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility
- 13. (C) ScheduleInformation(Continued)
SubtasWMilestone Schedule W 1997 FY 1998 W 1999 W 2000 FY 2001 SEYOND SubtasidMilestorie 1
2 '3{4 1
2 3
4 1
2 3
4 1
2 3
4 1
2 3
4 FY 2001 Task 5:
Provide technical assistance, as needed, to the NRC Project Manager O
regarding dissemination of project findings Task 5:
Present project findings to ACRS g
Task 5:
Present project findings via a paper at the 1998 Water Reactor Safety A
Information Meeting 5YuaOL KEY:
Intermediese Milestone V
Int.MilestoneO-f 2 Y
M4or Milestone b
MW. MN Complemi A
h Rescheduu Milesione Rescheduled Milestone Completed h
Revised Milessone Revised Milemone Complesed
. e answ.
snes sene ponu tas(io es)
PAGE 12 OF 14 9
- *(*)
U.S. NUCLEAR RE2ULATORY COAAtAISSION xecoes
- 14. SPENDING PLAN
'i secuo u.T FY 1998 uoomeAT.m NuusEn in anac =>
PERFORMANCE PERIOD Oak Ridge National Laboratory yo 03/0188 12/3188 Tm.E or PacwEcT 3F Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility
%m ='
$150K EsmATEo cost AND COMPLETON SY MONTH COST N OCTOBEM NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY PESMUARY MARCH 0
0 0
0 0
12 owactcost(%)
0 0
0 0
0 0
psomEct cost (Sk) 0 0
0 0
0 12 total cost (Sk) 0 0
0 0
8 Pncunct coMeumON (%)
EStuAATED COST AND COMPLETION BY MONTH COST N april MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEheEm 15 12 12 18 13 28 owwcTeosT(Sk) 0 0
0 0
0 0
memEc7 cost (Sk) 15 12 12 18 13 28 total cost (Sk) 18 26 34 46 55 73 Pncuect-(%)
secPOMMSao(1684 PAGE 13 OF 14
.4.
e 7
'" I* *I U.S. NUCLEAR RE20LATORY COtHAISSION JoS CODE
- 14. SPENDING PLAN NRCMC 11.7 FY 1999 woorcAroN NuusEn (8 W)
PERFORMANCE PERCO Oak Ridge National Laboratory 03.T)l/98 12/31/98 TnLE or PncuECT MM Signal I ine EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility h *"
$150K
{
l EsmaTEo Cost AnoCouPLEToN oY uowm oCT00ER NoVEn4ER DECEMBER JANUARY PEDRUARY MARCN 27 7
6 omsCTCost($k) 0 0
0 momECT Cost (Sk) 27 7
6 TOTAL Cosi($k) 9I 96 100 PnomCT CCuPumoN (%)
ESTMATED Cost AND CoMPLETON BY MONTH
)
i COSY E.BIENT APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OmECT Cost ($k) momeCT Cost ($k) l YoTAL Cost ($k)
PaomCT CouPtateN (%)
l i
NRC Ponu sepoest PAGE 14 OF 14
.9 i
Biographical Sketch Richard T. Wood Instrumentation & Controls Division Oak Ridg-National Laboratory January 8,1998
- Education:
B.S. Nuclear Engineering 1980 The University of Tennessee Knoxville,TN Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering 1990 The University of Tennessee Knoxville,TN
)
I Employment History:
)
I 1986-Present Development Staff Engineer, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, contributing to and managing activities focusing on PWR surveillance and diagnostic methodologies based on neutron noise; automated acoustic data acquisition systems; advanced reactor control systems;
)
guidelines for qualification of digital safety systems for advanced reactors; and distributed systems of workstations for nuclear power plant operations
]
1980 - 1986 Graduate Research Assistant of The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, focusing on surveillance and diagnostic methodology development based on neutron noise and dynamic process modeling Professional Societies:
Control and Instrumentation Section Editor, Nuclear Safety Joumal ASME Standards Subcommittee on Reactor Internals and Heat Exchangers Amencan Nuclear Society
4
, s e
f Biographical Sketch Paul D. Ewing Instrumentation & Controls Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory January 8,1998 Education:
B.S. Electrical Engineering 1980 Tennessee Technological University Cookeville,TN M.S. Electrical Engineering 1988 The University of Tennessee Knoxville,TN Employment History:
1993 - Present Group leader, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managing professional staff members and performing development activities focusing on advanced electromagnetic-based measurement and instrumentation systems 1980 - 1993 Development Staff Engineer, Oak Ridge National Laboatory, performing electromagnetic interference (EMI) test methodologies, developing electromagnetic sensors and measurement systems, and designmg process control and data acquisition systems Professional Societies:
I Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers National Association of Radio and Telecommunications Engineers American National Standards Institute Recognition:
Registered Professional Engineer Certified EMC P.ngineer Senior Member. IEEE EMC Society Member, IEEE EMC TC 4 Committee (EMI Contmis)
ORNL Represer.tative, ANSI C63 Committee (EMC Standards)
EMC Technical Expert, NIST Laboratory Accreditation Program Member,ISA SP67.16 Working Group 1 i
t
t % YObitL U tu W lOl\\)
NRC FORM 189 (Part 1)
U.S. NUCLEAR RESULATORY COMMISSION DATE PROPOSAL SENT 00-93)
A g
2/18/98 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND X
1998 NRCMD 11.7 t
NEw rY s,....
COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK Revision NuueER PRCUTCT TITLE JOB CODE Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility W6960 NRC OFFICE NRC B&R NUMBER Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research Division of Systems Technology 860 15 21 10 15 DOE CONTRACTOR NRC BOC CODE Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation 253D srtE Oak Ridge National Laboratory CONTaACTOR ACCOUNT NUMBER Oak Ridge. Tennessee 37831 41 W6 % 0W l COGN!ZANT PERSONNEL ORGANIZATION TELEPHONE NO.
DOE B&R NUMBER 40 10 01 06 NRC PROJECT MANAGER PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE Christina Antonescu RES// DST /CIHFB (301)415-6792 OTER NRC TECHNaCAL STAFF PROJECT START DATE 03/01/98 DOE PROJECT MANAGER PRCUECT END DATE S. R. Martin DOE-ORO (423)576-4522 12/31/98 LABORATORY PROGRAM DIRECTOR C. E. Pugh CMO (423)574-0422 LABORATORY PROJECT MANAGER R. T. Wood 1&C (423)S74-5578 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR (S)
P. D. Ewing I&C (423)576-5019 i
KEY PERSONNEL STAFF YEARS OF EFFORT FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 f
DiRtCT SCIENTWIC/ TECHNICAL 0.5 0.2 0
0 STHER DIRECT (SUPPORT SERVICES) 0 0
0 0
TOTAL DIRECT STAFF YEARS 0.5 0.2 0
0 COST PROPOSAL inwemw sr n=wes; DIRECT LABOR (SCIENTIFIC / TECHNICAL) 68 23 0
0 OVERHEAD (tNCLUDED IN DIRECT LABOR)
MATERIALS /SERVtCES 5
1 0
0 FOREIGN 0
O O
O TRAVEL DOMESTIC 2
4 0
0 sueCON.RACT(s) 0 0
0 0
OTHER DIRECT 0
0 0
0 GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 35 12 0
0 TOTAL ESTIMATED 110 40 0
0 LABORATORY PROJECT COST DOE ADDED FACTOR 0
0 0
0 TOTAL DOE PROJECT COST 110 40 0
0 CARRYOVER FROM PRIOR FY 0
-40 0
0 CARRYOVER TO NEXT FY 40 0
0 0
TOTAL FUNDtHG REQUIRED 150 0
0 0
hr NRC FORM 199 0433)
F' AGE 1
OF 14
NRC FORM 189 (Part 2)
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION JOB CODE (to-es) l W6960 NRCuC 11.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND oArg COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK i
2/18/98 FOR PROJECTS, EXCLUDING TASK ORDERS AND TASK ORDER AGREEMENTS PROKCT TITLE Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility DOE PROPOSING ORGANIZATION Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Oak Ridge National Laboratory ESTIMATED COST BY TASK ($K)
TASK 1 TASK 2 TASK 3 TASK 4 TASK 5 35 13 25 29 48 TASK 6 TASK 7 TASK 8 TASK 9 TASK 10 TASK 11 TASK 12 TASK 13 TASK 14 TASK 15 TASK 16 TASK 17 TASK 16 TASK 19 TASK 20 3
I PROJECT DESCRIPTION l
A NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION IS PROVIDED ON EACH OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS IN THE ORDER USTEC.
f l' OBJECTIVES OF PROPOSED WORK 0 REPORTING REOUIREMENTS AND SCHEDULE 2*
SUMMARY
OF PRIOR EFFORTS
- 9. SUBCONTRACTOR / CONSULTANT AND MAJOR PROCUREMENT INFORMATION"
- 3. WORK TO BE PERFORMED AND EXPECTED RESULTS
- 10. SPECIAL FACILITIES, IF REQUIRED j
4.
PROPOSED PERSONNEL - INCLUDE RESUMES
- 11. CONFUCT-OF-INTEREST INFORMATION
- 5. MEETINGS / TRAVEL
- 12. CLASSIFICATION OR SENSITMTY, tF APPUCABLE (e.g., safeguards, prDprietary, other)
- 6. NRC rURN!SHED MATERIALS
- 13. ADDENDUM: (A) INTERPRETATONS OF STATEMENT OF WORK, (B) COST.4 FORMATION, AND(C) SCHEDULE INFORMATION
- 7. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PRCUECTS I4' SPENDING PLAN
' PRMCTS WITH COST TYPE SUBCONTRACTS CANNOT BE CLOS 4D OUT UNTIL REQUtRED DCAA AUDITS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED.
SIC. NATURE-APPROVAL AUTHORITY DATE fcg;[
C. E. Pugh, Director, NRC Programs o2 "M "
8 M
[
NRC FORM 180 (10 93)
PAGE 2
OF 14
unc Sonu ses tconanued)
U.S. NUCLEAR REzULATORY COMMISSION JOB CODE (5o.ga W6960 hacuoisr DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND om COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility 1.
OBJECTIVES OF PROPOSED WORK:
There is a potential susceptibility of both digital and analog safety-related instrumentation and controls (I&C) systems to adverse effects resulting from conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio-frequency interference (RFI) along interconnecting signal lines. Traditional means for addressing immunity to EMI/RFlinvolve susceptibility testing to verify that equipment can withstand projected electromagnetic conditions and installation employing proper grounding and isolation practices. Based on previous research, it has been found that the test criteria and methods described in the U.S. military standards do not specifically address conducted susceptibility along interconnecting signal lines. In addition, the expected conducted EMI/RFI conditions for signal lines have not been well characterized in nuclear power plants. Therefore, addn:ssing conducted susceptib lity along signal lines and establishing the means to assure an appropriate level of immunity remain open technical issues for afety-related !&C systems in nuclear power plants.
EMI/RFI noise conducted along interconnecting leads can cause erroneous or out-of-range signals. The resulting incorrect or failed safety-significant process variables can lead to missed or spurious trips for individual channels. The detectability of such
{
effects depends on the character of the stressor. If the EMI/RFI source is chronic, then it may be detected during periodic surveillance. If the EMI/RFI source is intermittent. then it may not be detected until a channel fails to properly perform its j
safety function. 'Thus, susceptibility to conducted EMI/RFI effects poses a potential hazard that may lead to degraded or failed performance of safety related I&C components. thereby reducing the overall assurance of safety by compromising the performance ofindividual safety channels.
The objective of this project is to develop the technical basis for guidance to address the potential susceptibility of safety-related I&C systems to effects resulting from conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines. Such guidance should help to ensure that safety related I&C systems are adequately qualified for the electromagnetic conditions they are expected to experience by endorsing conducted EMI/RFI immunity test criteria, methods, and operating envelcpes that are applicable to interconnecting lines for I&C systems in nuclear power plants.
he research approach proposed to resolve the potential susceptibility of safety-related I&C systems to conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines includes an evaluation of the significance of the hazard, an assessment of preferred methods to establish immunity, a characterization of the expected EMI/RFI conditions, and a determination of reasonable withstand levels for testing. An investigation into the potential consequences of EMI/RFI on signal lines will incorporate the research findings of an experimental investigation into the effects of conducted EMI/RFI that will be performed under the related research project JCN Ll798," Qualification of Advraced I&C Systems." Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards that have been identified in the related project JCN L1951, " Regulatory Guide and Acceptance Criteria for EMI/RFI in I&C Systems," will be assessed to select appropriate test criteria and test 'nethods for determining the susceptibility of I&C systems to conducted EMI/RFI along signal lines in nuclear power plants. Operating envelopes for conducted electromagnetic conditions will be derived based on an understanding of the expected nuclear power plant electromagnetic environment and the I
established operating envelopes for comparable industrial and military environments. The end product of this research is expected to be guidance on appropriate methods and criteria to address this issue in safety-related I&C systems at nuclear power plants.
2.
SUMMARY
OF PRIOR EFFORTS:
This proposal describes a new project. ORNL has two related NRC-sponsored projects that address environmental compatibility issues for safety-related I&C systems. The first project is JCN L1951," Regulatory quide and Acceptance Criteria for EMI/RFI in I&C Systems." The research under JCN L1951 involves the assessment of mihey and commercial standards for addressing EMC for I&C systems in nuclear power plants. During the course of this research, miinary test criteria and methods for evaluating radiated and conducted susceptibility and emissions were identified for endorsement in EMC guidance. It was found that the military susceptibility standards (in particular, MIL STD 461C) did not specifically address conducted susceptibility along interconnecting signal lines and that the electromagnetic environment in nuclear power plants was not sufficiently characterized to support the establishment of recorr. mended operating envelopes for this phenomena. A recent task under JCN L1951 identified some consensus standards that include conducted EMI/RFI immunity test methods that i
NRC FORM 189 (10 93)
PAGE 3
OF 14
~
l NRC FORM te9 (Consnued)
U.S. NUCLEAR RE_ULATc RY COMMISSION JOB CODE (10-93)
W6960 NRCMD 117 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND om COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility can be applied to interconnecting signal lines. De findings of this study represents input to the proposed project and the approach followed for JCN L1951 serves as a model for this research.
De second project is JCN Ll798, " Qualification of Advanced I&C Systems." The research under this project involves the identification of functional and environmental qualification issues for microprocessor based I&C equipment. As pan of thai research, an experimental digital safety channel (EDSC) was assembled and used to investigate the effects of environmental stressors on the functional performance of digital safety systems. Electromagnetic susceptibility tests have been performed on the EDSC to identify potential vulnerabilities of digital technologies to environmental stress and to assess the adequacy of th test methods for use with digital equipment. De confirmatory research performed under JCN Ll798 gives ORNL practical experience with EMI/RFI immunity test methods. In addition, the EDSC provides a test platform to assess the potential susceptibility of safety-related 1&C systems to conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines.
3, WORK TO BE PERFORMED AND EXPECTED RESULTS:
Summarv De proposed work suppons the development of the technical basis on which NRC staff will devise regulatory guides that will help qualify and ensure the operability of analog and digital safety related I&C equipment in a nuclear power plant environment. He focus of this research is conducted EMI along interconnecting signal lines. For FY 1998 research is directed toward accomplishing the following objectives: (1) evaluate the potential consequences of conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines to determine the significance of the hazard such effects pose; (2) develop the technical basis for recommendations on conducted EMI/RFI immunity test criteria and methods suitable for nuclear power plant safety related applications; (3) characterize the conducted EMI/RFI environment for signal lines in nuclear power plants based on available information; and (4) provide technical assistance to the NRC Program Manager in the presentation of project results to ACRS, NRR, and others in the nuclear industry.
Pronosed Period of Performance FY 1998 - First Ouarter FY 1999 Task 1. Project Management - ne overall project wiil be managed through approved procedures. Monthly repons summarizing technical progress, reports and publications produced, meetings and trips, problerrs, and program expenditures will be prepared.
t ne deliverables for this task are Monthly Sr tus Letter Repons.
s (a)
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31,1998
[
(b)
FY 1998 Estimated Level of Effon:
0.12 FTE
)
FY 1999 Estimated Level of Effon:
0.04 FTE Task 2. Evaluation of Conducted EMI/RFI Hazard - his task supports an evaluation of the potential consequences of conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting si nal lines. To confirm the potential susceptibility of I&C systems to effects F
induced by conducted EMI/RFI, an investigation into the potential consequences of such exposure will be performed. One aspect of this study will involve a review of event databases (LER and NPRDS). In addition, the study will incorporate the research findings of an experimental investigation into the effects of conducted EMI/RFI that will be conducted under the related research project JCN Ll798, " Qualification of Advanced I&C Systems."
The deliverable under this task is input to the determination of immunity guidelines for conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signallines.
(a)
Estimated Completinn Date:
December 31,1998 j
r (b)
FY 1998 Estimated Level of Effon:
0.07 FTE
/
FY 1999 Estimated Level of Effon:
0.00 FTE wnc Fonu tes(10-en PAGE 4
OF 14
NRc FOmu 189 (Cammed)
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
.ceCODE (so ss)
W6960
' uncuosif DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND oarE COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility Task 3. Immunity Guidelines for Conducted EMI/RFI along Interconnecting Signal Lines - his task provides assistance to and suppon of NRC staff in developing the technical basis for addressing the immunity of safety-related I&C systems in nuclear power plants to conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting signal lines. In the related project JCN Ll951, " Reg Guide and Acceptance Criteria for EMI/RFI in I&C Systems," EMC standards developed for the non nuclear power generatio industry have been reviewed to identify those addressing susceptibility to conducted EMI/RFI along interconnecting s lines. Some of the most promising candidates include IEC 61000-4-6, " Electromagnetic Compatibility, Part 4. Testing and Measurement Techniques, Section 6. Immunity to Conducted Disturbances, Induced by Radio-Frequency Fields," International Electrotechnical Committee,1996; MIL-STD-464," Electromagnetic Environmental Effects for Systems " U.S. Department of Defense,1997; IEEE C63.15. " Immunity Measurement of Electronic Products," Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, draft (expected to be balloted for approval in November 1997).
Rese standards will be assessed to develop recommendations for test criteria and test methods that are applicable to the nuclear power plant I&C systems.
De deliverables under this ta;k are a NUREG/CR documenting the technical basis for addressing conducted EMI/RFTbn signal lines and technical support for the development of guidance for immunity test criteria and methods that ar plicable to safety-related I&C systems in nuclear power plants.
(a)
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31, !998
[
%p (b)
FY 1998 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.10 FTE FY 1999 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.03 FTE
\\
i Task 4. Characteriae Conducted EMI/RFI Conditions for Signal Lines in Nuclear Power Plants - His task provides the technical basis for determining conducted EMI/RFI operating envelopes tailored for signal lines of safety.related I&C systems in nuclear power plants. Dese operating envelopes will serve to establish recommended testing levels for use in immunity testing ofinterconnecting signallines. His effon involves the identification and critical evaluation of testing levels for similar industrial and military environments. In addition, existing evidence and understanding of the expected conducted EMI conditions for signal lines in nuclear power plants will be assessed to support the development of operating envelopes that are consistent with the nuclear power plant environment. De resulting recommendations for applicable operating envelopes can be confirmed in future effort through measurements of characteristic conducted EMI/RFI levels in nuclear power plants. as warranted.
The deliverable under this task is technical suppon for the development of acceptable operating envelopes that are applicable for conducted EMI/RFI immunity testing of safety-related I&C systems in nuclear power plants.
/
(a)
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31,1998 t/
(b)
FY 1998 Estimated 14 vel of Effort:
0.15 ITE FY 1999 Estimated 12 vel of Effort:
0.00 FIE Task 5. Technical Assistance to the NRC Project Manager-This task provides technical assistance and input to the NRC Project Manager. Activities include support for presentation of project results to the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS), supplemental documentation of project findings for review and discussion with NRR, and dissemination of technical information to the nuclear industry through the Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting (WRSM) and other appropriate conferences, with concurrence from the NRC Project Manager.
De deliverables for this task are ACRS presentation materials and testimony and technical papers for appropriate conference publications such as WRSM.
Nnc FOnu ies (10 es)
PAGE 5
OF 14
NRC PORM 100(Censnued)
U.S. NUCLEAR REauLATcRY COMMISSION Jos cooE ti m )
W6960 Nacuo 11.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND DAre COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITI.E:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibihty (a)
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31,1998 (b)
FY 1998 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.10 FIE
[,-
te "
FY 1999 Estimated Level of Effort:
0.10 FTE 4,
PROPOSED PERSONNEL-INCLUDE RESUMES:
Richard T. Wood Program Manager responsible for project planning, administration, and reporting.
Paul D. Ewing Principal Investigator for conducted EMI/RFl immunity research.
5.
MEETINGS / TRAVEL:
Trin Purnose Staff and Time Wash., DC To participate in program review I trip,2 people for 2 days Wash., DC To participate in ACRS meetings 2 trips,2 people for 3 days Wash., DC To present technical paper i trip, I person for 4 days at WRSM Deviations from the travel submitted as part of NRC Form 189 and accepted by issuance of an NRC Form 173 will be coordinated with the NRC Project Manager.
Foreign travel must be addressed separately and approval must be obtained by processing NRC Form 445, in addition to being provided as part of th: approved proposal.
l 6,
NRC FURNISHED MATERIALS:
Proprietary or other privileged information may be provided by the NRC Project Manant on an individual basis with the understanding that it will be protected from disclosure and will be returned to NRC upon completion of the task. ORNL will safeguard proprietary or privileged information including company confidential data in accordance with 10CFR 2.790 and not release such information to any person not directly involved in the performance of work under this project unless such release is I
authorized by the contracting officer.
f 7.
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PROJECTS:
ORNL programs related to this project include JCN B0828, Aging-Components and Systems 111, JCN Ll798, Qualification of Adunced l&C Systems, and JCN LI951, Regulatory Guide and Acceptance Criteriafor Electromagnetic and Radio Frequency laterference in IAC Systems. Programs at other laboratories that are closely related to this project include JCN W6542 (previously JCN L1908, Aging-Risk. Based Prioritization ofStressors) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In addition, we are aware that the National Research Council assessed for NRC:RES the needed research framework in which to address total systems issues for digital I&C systems.
J NRC PORM 1at(1648)
PAGE 6
OF 14 J
unc ronM see n _ =0 U.S. NUCt. EAR REcuLATORY COMMISSKW i
,,o,cong (toes)
W6960 uncuo ti.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND oa7s COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility 1
8.
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS AND SCHEDULE:
NUREG Reports:
1.
Publish a NUREG/CR documenting the technical basis draft August 31,1998 for addressing conducted EMI/RFI on signal lines. (Task 3) final November 30,1998 Osber Pete=*in-and Presentations:
A. Tael= leal Renarts 1.
Provide input for guidance on conducted EMI/RFI immunity test draft December 30,1998 crueria and methods that are applicable to interconnecting signal lines for safety-related I&C systems. (Task 3) 2.
Provide input for guidance on conducted EMI/RFI immunity draft December 30,1998 operating envelopes that are applicable to interconnecting signal lines for safety related 1&C systems. (Task 4) 3.
Provide testimony before the Advisory Committee on As scheduled Reactor Safeguards. (Task 5) 4.
Submit a paper to the WRSM documenting project findings on final October 30,1998 conducted EMI/RFIimmunity test criteria and methods. (Task 5)
B. Publu: anon Note The NRC Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES) encourages the publication of the scientific results from RES-sponsored programs in refereed scientific engineeringjournals as appropriate. If the laboratory proposes to publish in the open literature or present the information at meetings in mMition to submitting the required technical reports, approval of the proposed article or presentation should be obtained from the NRC Project Manager. The RES Project Manager shall either approve the material as submitted, approve it subject to NRC suggested revisions. or disapprove it. In any event, the RES Project Manager may disapprove or delay presentation or publication of papers on information that is subject to Commission approval which has not been ruled upon or which has been disapproved. (Additional information regarding the publication of NRC-sponsored research is contained in NRC Management Directive 3.9 and 3.10.)
If the presentation or paper is in addition to the required technical reports and the RES Project Manager determines that it will benefit the RES project, the Project Manager may authorize payment of travel and publishing costs, if any, from the project funds. If the Project Manager determines that the articles or presentation would not benefit the RES project, the Project Manager can specify the c; sts associated with the preparation, presentation or publication will be borne by the contractor. For any publications or presentations falling into this category, the NRC reserves the right to require that such presentation or publication not identify the NRC's sponsorship of the work.
I Any reports to be generated shall not contain any proprietary (including the unit specific NPRDS data), confidential or copyrigined material without written permission from the institutions and organizations to which the information may belong.
C. L'c " *w 12tter Status Report Monthly letter status reports (MLSRs) will be delivered during the course of the period of performance and a final report mill be generated following the completion of all scheduled tasks. Details on the content and format required for the MLSR are included in Part VI and Exhibit 12 of Handbook 11.7.
Mnc PonM tas(toes)
PAGE 7
OF 14
1 J
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U.S. NUCLEAR REcULATORY COMMISSION Joe CODE comi W6960 wncami 2
' DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND cars COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98
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PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility i
The MLSR will be submitted by the 20th of the month to the NRC:RFS Project Manager, Christina Antonescu, s provided to the following:
M. Wayne Hodges, Director, Division of Systems Technology, M/S T 10E37 T. L. King, Acting Chief, Control, Instrumentation, and Hirman Factors Branch. M/S T 10E37 Division of Contracts and Property Department, Office of Administration. M/S T.7C
=
9.
SUBCONTRACTOR / CONSULTANT AND MAJOR PROCUREMENTINFORMATION:
A cohramewinrg'nnu,te==* Information 1
Not applicable, R. Ninment Purchagt i
No equipment purchases are planned for this period of performance. Normally, the purchase of property costing $500 or (including Federal Information Processing (FIP) resources) will be approved through issuance of a work order accepi proposal in which the property is listed. If additional property costing $500 or more (inc!vding Fl? resources) is needed after work starts, the laboratory will request approval of the additional property in writing to the RES Project Manager. This written request can be in the form of a revised proposal or a letter.
C. Maior Procurements Not applicable.
I
- 10. SPECIAL FACILITIES,IF REQUIRED:
Not applicable.
l
- 11. CONFLICT-OF-INTEREST INFORMATION:
'there are no known relationships between this organir.ation or its employees with industries regulated by the NRC and
{
auppliers thereof that might give rise to an tpparent or actual conflict of interest regarding the work descr. bed in the propo i
- 12. CLASSIFICATION OR SENSITIVITY, IF APPLICABLE (e.g., safeguards, proprietary, other)-
1 Any ;.,ftware developmem performed under this program will adhere to the procedures specified in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Instrumentation and Controls Division Quality Assurance Procedures (QA !C.19 Softwait). These procedures are based on ANSI /IEEE Stds.730-1984 and 9811986 and on ANSl/ASME NQA-1 and NQA 2.
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OF 14
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U.S.NUCEihR PNULATORY CYMi3S80N
'f JOSCODE po-es)
W6)60
- mew 11.7 NHi LADORATORY MlOJECT AND
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~~
ws COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WOflK 2/18/98 PROJECT 1Til.E:
m,_- -
. Si nal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibili'y f
- 13. ADDENDUM:
(A) Interpretations of Statement of Work - The task numbering in th::, document is different from the Statement of Expected Work to facilita.c vacking of signi0 cant project activities. Task I, which covers project meno6cment, was not directly identifi:d in the Statement of Expected Work. The level of effo. requimd for project manar: ment was estimated for Task I and is within the overall budget provided for the poject in FY 1998, With the inclusion of the i
roject snanagement task, the task designations ghu in the Statemer.: of Expected Work are increased by one unit (e Task 2 is Task 3 in this document, etc.).
/y/E4- )
The estimated level of effort for each task differs from the Statement of Expected Work recouse the estimated level of' effon was subdivided into FY 1%81:vels and FY 1%9 levels (coar sponding to canyover funds for the fint quaner of FY 1999). The sum totals for each task correspomt to those given in the Stutement vl Expected Work.
1 1
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OF 14
7 U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION wmc rom teereco)
JOB CODE 0093)
W6960 macuo si.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJ3CT AND ong COST PROPOSAL FCR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptioility 13 (B) Cost Information Estimated Cost Schedule ($K)
Prior Years 1097 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Task I O
O 27 8
0 0
35 Task 2 0
0 13 0
0 0
13 Task 3 0
0 19 6
0 0
25 Tuk4 0
0 29 0
0 0
29 Task 5 0
0 22 26 0
0 48
'hevicusly Comr>leced Tasks 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Subtotal 0
0 110 40 0
0 150 DOE Added Factor 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Total (Costs) 0 0
110 40 0
0 150 Carryover from Prior Fiscal Year 0
0 0
-40 0
0
-40 Catryover to Next Fiscal Year 0
0 40 0
0 0
40 Total (Funding) 0 0
150 0
0 0
150 m pom see po.se)
PAGE 10 OF 14
m emcPonuise(conwesed)
U.S. NUCl. EAR REGUL.ATORY COMMISSION m coot gio 2)
W6960 wncuott.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND ong COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMl/RFI Conducted Susceptibility
- 13. (C) ScheduleInformation -
Subtask / Milestone Schedule ry 1997 ry 1998 n 1999 ry 2000 ry 2001 SEv0ND Subtask / Milestone i
a 3i4 i
a a
4 i
a a
4 1
a 2
4 i
a a
4 FY 2001 Task 1:
Complete project planning and budget proposals (189 Forms)
A Task 1:
Review project progress and report to NRC Project Manager (Spring and g
i Fall Program Reviews)
{
Task 1:
Oversee project by monitoring costs, g
preparing MLSRs, reviewing technical reports Task 2:
Review LER and NPRDS records to identify events resulting from d
conducted EMI/RFI Task 2:
Evaluate conducted EMI/RFI hazard based on documented effects and g
j experimental results j
4 Task 3:
Review conducted EMI/RFI immunity guidelines fx suitability 1
p for interconnecting signallines
)
Task 3:
Develop the technical basis for g
recommendations on conducted l
EMI/RFIimmunity test criteria and methods Task 3:
Document recommendations guidance on conducted EMI/RFI o A j
immunity for signallines Task 3:
Provide input for guidance on g
conducted EMI/RFIimmunity test criteria and methods for signallines Task 4:
Characterize the conducted EMI/RFI 4
environment in NPPs through analysis ofindustry data Task 4:
Review recommended test levels from commercial standards on 4
j conducted EMI/RFIimmunity Task 4:
Develop the technical basis for g
recommendations on conducted l
EMI/RFIimmunity operating envelopes Task 4:
Provide input for guidance on g
conducted EMI/RFIimmunity l
operating envelopes for signal lines NRC PORM iss(1943)
PAGE 11 OF 14
,wnc Fonu see(conenusa)
U.S. NUCl. EAR REauLATsRY COMMISSION Joe c00E (so.esj W6960 wacuo it.7 DOE LABORATORY PROJECT AND ong COST PROPOSAL FOR NRC WORK 2/18/98 PROJECT TITLE:
Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility
- 13. (C) Schedule Information (Continued) subtask / Milestone Schedule FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 BEYOND Subtask / Milestone 1
2 3{4 1
2 3
4 1
2 3
4 1
2 3
4 1
2 3
4 FY 2001 Task 5:
Provide technical assistance, as needed, to the NRC Project Manager regarding dissemination of project findings Task 5:
Present project findings to ACRS g
Task 5:
Present project findings via a paper at the 1998 Water Reactor Safety A
Information Meeting
)
)
l i
SYMBot. KEY:
/
Intennediate Milestone V
Int. Milestone Completed Y
Major Milestone b
MW. Milesione Completed d
Rescheduled Milestone h
Rescheduled Milestone Completed h
Revised Milestone g
Revised Milestow Completed
. w e
NRC PORu 100 (IM)
PAGE 12 OF 14
a
1 r,-
g., -
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U.S. NUCLEAR RESULATORY COMMISSION' Joe cooE j
- 14. SPENDING PLAN M 11.7 l
FY 1998 MornneAtoa uwsen j
<n ance 1
i NAME oF LAtoMATORY PERFORuANCE PERCo Oak Ridge National Laboratory Pnou to 03/0168 12/3168 Tm.E oF PpKWECT
'M M Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility M *"
$150K
)
EsimaTED cost ANo coMPLETON BY Mf#ffH cost ELSIEfff oCTOSEP NOVEMBER oECEMBER JANUARY PEBRUARY MARO,N 0
0 0
0 0
12 omEctcost($k) 0 0
0 0
0 0
momEc7 cost ($k) i 0
0 0
0 0
12 Torn cosi($k) 0 0
0 0
0 8
Pno.nct coMPurtioN (%)
ESTNATEo COST ANo Cop tPLETON SY MONTH co8V ELEndEpfr APRIL MAY JUNE JULY' AUGUST SEPTEMBER 15 12 12 18 13 28 omacycosyggg) 0 0
0 0
0 0
momEct cosi($k) 15 12 12 18 13 28 7,,g co,7ggg) 18 26 34 46 55 73 PecuEcT e(%)
k encromu tes(togo)
PAGE 13 OF 14
y ;.
- c., _
- a_
NRC PoRM tm (M 3)
U.S. NUCLEAR RE2ULATORY COMMISSION JoSCODE
- 14. SPENDING PLAN NRCMD 11.7 FY 1999 MOOWCATO.N NUMBER w Mwe=M )
m 0F LABORATORY PERFORMANCE PEnco Oak Ridge National Laboratory
,,ou 10 03/01/98 12/31/98 Tm.a or pnoJECT 22lllL Signal Line EMI/RFI Conducted Susceptibility M=
$150K
~
E87NATED COST AND COMPLEDON SY MONTH COST ELEGENT OCTOSER NOVBSER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH 27 7
6 oiRactCos?(Sk)
RMDWWCT Cost ($k)'
27 7
6 total cost ($k's PROJECT COMPLETON (%)
ESTMATED COST AND COMPLETION SY MONTH COSTELEMENT APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBE,R_
i OptECT COST ($k) -
3 PCT Cost (Sk)
TOTAL Cost ($k)
PaoJECT COMPLETION (%)
NRC PCRM tN (1640)
PAGE 14 OF 14
o, e
N,5 v.
Biographical Sketch Richard T. Wood Instrumentation & Controls Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory January 8,1998 Education:
B.S. Nuclear Engineering 1980 The University of Tennessee Knoxville,TN Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering 1990 The University of Tennessee Knoxville,TN j
Employment History:
1986 - Present Development Staff Engineer, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, contributing to and managing activities focusing on PWR surveillance and diagnostic methodologies based on neutron noise; automated acoustic data acquisition systems; advanced reactor control systems; guidelines for qualification of digital safety systems for advanced reactors; and distributed systems of workstations for nuclear power plant operations 1980- 1986 Graduate Research Assistant of The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, focusing on surveillance and diagnostic rnethodology development based on neutron noise and dynamic process moceling Professional Societies:
Control and Instrumentation Section Editor, Nuclear Safety Joumal I
ASME Standards Subcommittee on Reactor Internals and Wat Exchangers American NuclearSociety
ev.
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...[.
Biographical Sketch Paul D. Ewing Instrumentation & Controls Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory January 8,1998 Education:
B.S. Electrical Engineering 1980 Tennessee Technological University Cookeville,TN M.S.ElectricalEngineering 1988 The University of Tennessee Knoxville,TN Employment History:
1993 - Present Group Leader, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managing professional staff members and performing development activities focusing on advanced electromagnetic-based measurement and instrumentation systems 1980 - 1993 Development Staff Engineer, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, perfomitag electromagnetic interference (EMI) test methodologies, developing elec'.romagnetic sensors and measurement systems, and designmg process control and data acquisition systems Professional Societies:.
r
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers National Association of Radio and Telecommunications Engineers American National Standards Institute Recognition:
Registered Professional Engineer Certified EMCEngineer o
~ Senior Member,IEEE EMC Society Member,IEEE EMC TC-4 Committee (EMI Contmis)
ORNL Representative, ANSI C63 Committee (EMC Standards)
EMC Technical Expert, NIST Laboratory Accredi'ation Piugrian
' Member.1SA SP67.16 Working Group 1 D
i