Text

Exam of Concrete Cores Millstone III Subcontainment Porous Concrete
	ML20217C220
Person / Time
Site:	Millstone
Issue date:	12/16/1997
From:	Kanare H, Powerscouche, Shkolnik E; External (Affiliation Not Assigned)
To:	;
Shared Package
ML20217C203	List: B17115, Forwards Response to 980224 RAI Re Erosion of Cement from Underlying Porous Concrete Drainage Sys.Addl Encl Contain Info to Facilitate Review & Closure of Issue; ML20217C212; ML20217C220;
References
	NUDOCS 9804230247
	Download: ML20217C220 (95)
	v • d • e

{{#Wiki_filter:l REPORT 10: Northeast Utilities System P. O. Box 270 i Hartford, CT 06141 Examination of Concrete Cores Millstone III Subcontainment Porous Concrete by Howard Kanare Laura Powers-Couche Ella Shkolnik Fulvio Tang Ronald D. Sturm 16 December 1997 CTL Project No. 050943 5420 Old Orchard Road, Skokie, Illinois 60077-1030 847/ 965-7500 800/ 522-2CTL Fax: 847/ 965-6541 $R D 0 000 23 P PDR

l 1 CTL Report Approval Page Examination of Concrete Cores Millstone III Subcontainment Porous Concrete Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. 5420 Old Orchard Road Skokie,11 60077 Principal Author: j k /12dM" Date: Howard M. Kanare 7' Group Manager \\ Reviewed: /1/iG!f1 Laura Powers-Couche e - s-Date: Senior Microscopist l' ~ / / tuV M h!M Date: Ella Shkolnik j-Materials Technologist / / 8 b /8 ! !77 Date: Fulvio Tang Principal Scientist / b bf' "/ 9 Date: l Ronald D. Sturm i Senior Petrographer

TABLE OF CONTENTS Section

1........................................................... Execu tive S u mmary Section

2............................................................. Petrographic Examination of Mockup and ESF Cores Section 3............................................................. Petrographic Examination of ESF Basemat Concrete Section

4............................................................. Linear Traverse Measure me nts Section 5.............................................................X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Section

6............................................................ Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Analysis Section

7............................................................. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Section

8............................................................Specime n Observations and Analytical Data

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

Conclusions It is CTL's opinion that the high alumina cement (HAC) porous concrete is in good condition and will continue to serve its planned function. No significant chemical or physical degradation has taken place that negatively impacts the performance of the HAC concrete. The potential is small for further changes to the chemical and physical structure of the HAC paste. Since the concrete is already 23 years old and is in a cool, stable environment, it should remain in good condition for several more decades. Examination of HAC porous concrete cores from the Millstone UI Engineered Safety Features (ESF) building confirms CTL's opinion in our 11 April 1997 report, that the white residue in the ESF sumps and weirs is the product of dissolution of lime from hydrated portland cement, and lime and alumina from hydrated calcium aluminate cement. The material dissolved from these hydrated cement pastes is structurally insignificant and is mitigated by densification due to continued hydration and other chemical reactions. Comparison of ESF HAC porous concrete cores to mockups made in August 1997 representing day-zero concrete indicates cement paste thicknesses and void sizes similar to the day-zero conditions. ESF cores have slightly less void volume and slightly more cement paste than day-zero mockups. The median pore size in the ESF HAC porous concrete paste is one-fourth the diameter of pores in the day-zero mockups. These observations indicate that compressive strength of ESF cores should be comparable to, or exceed, strength of the mockups. Recommendations ~ Water should be sampled and tested annually from the two monitor wells installed in the ESF building (one in the HAC porous concrete layer and one in the sub-membrane portland porous concrete layer) to track water chemistry changes. Any significant changes in water chemistry should be studied to evaluate the potential effect on the performance of the HAC porous concrete. These conclusions and recommendations are based on the following findings: Basemat Portland Cement Concrete This dense, ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete is in very good condition. No unexpected chemical or physical degradation was observed based on microscopical examinations. Steel reinforcing bars were observed to be tightly bonded to non-carbonated portland cement paste and to be free of corrosion. Minor amounts of incipient alkali silica reaction products were observed at some aggregates and were judged to be insignificant presently and likely not significant in the future. No reactions, distress, or leaching of constituents were observed at the interface between this concrete and the underlying HAC mortar. Given its current condition and exposure, this concrete should remain in very good condition indefinitely.

I HAC Mortar This layer, resting between the overlying basemat concrete and the underlying porous HAC g concrete, is in very good condition. This layer is well-bonded to both the OPC basemat g concrete and the porous HAC concrete. There is no evidence of chemical or physical degradation within this layer or at the interface with the overlying OPC concrete layer, based on microscopical examination. HAC Porous Concrete This layer, resting between the overlying HAC mortar and the underlying OPC mortar is in good condition. The upper portion of this layer is more dense and has fewer voids than the lower portion of this layer. HAC paste in the upper portion is generally darker and less fully converted than HAC paste in the lower portion. Moist HAC paste is relatively soft and tenacity of the paste-aggregate bond is weak. Voids in the HAC paste are coated with loosely attached crystalline deposits. These deposits typically form a thin coating that does not substantially decrease the void space and drainage capability of the concrete. There is no microscopically apparent erosion or degradation of the HAC paste. Chemical reactions have occurred producing calcium carbosulfoaluminate, ettringite, and other incidental phases. The presence of these phases interferes with accurate determination of the percent conversion of the HAC paste. Based on the concrete mix design, thermal history and exposure conditions, and analyses by differential scanning calorimetry, microscopy, porosimetry, and X-ray diffraction, it is CTL's opinion that conversion and subsequent chemical reactions have been mitigated by continued hydration and cold temperatures so that there has not been an overall significant loss of strength in the HAC porous concrete layer. Portland Cement Mortar This layer, underlying the HAC porous concrete and resting on top of the butyl rubber membrane is in very good condition. At the interface between this layer and the HAC porous concrete there are abundant crystalline deposits of similar composition to those found in the g HAC porous concrete voids. There is no bond between the PC mortar layer and the overlying g HAC porous concrete. Calcium hydroxide has been leached from the upper two to three millimeters of the PC mortar. Portland Cement Porous Concrete This layer, underlying the butyl rubber membrane, is not directly accessible for analysis and no cores were removed from this layer for examination. A water sample was collected and analyzed. The pH and chemical composition indicate leaching of some calcium hydroxide from the portland cement paste in this layer. Such leaching is common in OPC concrete and is not deleterious. t I

1 PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF MOCKUP AND ESF CORES Cores obtained from the mockups at Alden Research Laboratory Inc. and from the Millstone III Engineered Safety Features (ESF) Building were examined in accordance with ASTM C856-95, " Standard Practice for the Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete." This analysis was performed at CE by Laura Powers-Couche, Senior Microscopist. ESF core samples were collected in the field under the supervision of Howard Kanare, CTL Principal Scientist, in accordance with "NNECO Procedures for Handling and Testing of HAC Porous Concrete Reference Samples and ESF Building Cored Samples Millstone Point Unit 3," September 1997. Samples were photographed and wrapped in Alumiseal aluminized Mylar zero-perm wrap to exclude carbon dioxide and to preserve the moisture levels in the cores. Chain of custody was maintained from the time of sampling through analysis and storage. Data sheets with documentary photgraphs of the samples as received and petrographic descriptions are included at the very end of this report. General Characteristics In each of the core samples examined, the present condition of the dense basemat portland cement concrete, the HAC monar layer, and the portland cement mortar layer is considered good. No evidence of deterioration is observed m these layers although the dense portland cement concrete exhibits early-stage alkali-silica reaction limited to specific siliceous rocks which represent a small part of the total aggregate. The present condition of the porous HAC concrete represented by the large diameter cores is considered good. Some of the smaller diameter cores were received fractured into several segments or in crumbly condition which was attributed to coring damage. The upper portion of the porous HAC is relatively dense, that is, having fewer voids and higher paste content than the lower portion. Variability in paste hardness (from soft to hard) and paste-aggregate bond (from weak to moderately tight), is related to degree of conversion and subsequent chemical reactions and also to moisture condition. Moist HAC paste is soft and the tenacity of the paste-aggregate bond is weak. Paste surrounding voids is lighter in color and also softer than paste in denser ponions of the concrete. Voids in the porous HAC are coated with loosely attached crystalline deposits. These deposits are heaviest in the bottom half of the porous HAC layer. Interlayer Bond Bond between the dense portland cement concrete and the HAC mortar is tight. A thin dark gray band occurs at the lower surface of the ponland cement concrete above the contact with the HAC mortar layer. One small diameter core exhibited separation of the dense portland cement concrete from the HAC mortar. Failure, probably caused by coring damage, occurred within the lower 1 to 2 mm of the concrete. Secondary ettringite deposits are observed in the air voids exposed on the fracture surfaces. However, no evidence of distress was observed. The porous HAC concrete layer is firmly attached to the HAC mortar layer. In several of the small diameter cores the HAC mortar and the porous HAC concrete are now separated. The failure occurs within the porous HAC concrete and appears to be related to coring damage in undercompacted ponions of the porous HAC concrete. A layer of crystalline deposits occurs on the bottom surface of the porous HAC concrete layer.

1 I The pm.us HAC concrete and the portland cement mortar layer are not bonded. The top surface of the portland cement mortar layer is somewhat soft and thinly coated with crystalline deposits. DESCRIPTION OF INDIVIDUAL LAYERS Dense Basemat Port.ind Cement Concrete The basemat concrete caaists of siliceous sand and crushed siliceous rock (25 mm ~ maximum size) uniformly distributed in a medium gray portland cement paste entrained with a small amount (typically 2 to 3%) of air. Interpreted water-cement ratio is moderate to moderately low (less than 0.45), based on paste characteristics. Paste-aggregate bond is moderately tight. The paste is moderately hard to hard. Secondary deposits, mainly small amounts of ettringite, indicate that the concrete has been moist. Evidence of significant paste r leaching (removal of calcium hydroxide and alteration of cement hydrates) is not observed. Dark, glassy rims are present on some aggregates (principally, metamorphic rocks containing strained quartz). Peripheral microcracks are observed around a few aggregates. However, radial cracks indicating deleterious expansion are not observed. Portions of steel rebar firmly embedded in the dense portland cement concrete do not exhibit evidence of corrosion or distress (cracks) associated with deterioration. Rebar loosened during the coring operation l does not exhibit corrosion. Paste lining the rebar impression exhibits a high pH. HAC Mortar The H AC mortar consists of partially crushed siliceous sand (3.6 mm maximum size) E uniformly distributed in a hard (when dry), relatively dense, calcium aluminate cement paste E containing 3 to 5% air voids. The mortar does not appear intentionally air entrained. Randomly scattered air voids are oval and irregularly shaped with diameters up to 2 mm. Paste in the upper i mm of the mortar is light beige and somewhat softer than paste in the body of the mortar layer and appears to exhibit a greater extent of conversion. Carbonate (calcite or vaterite) is observed m this layer. The paste typically exhibits a few narrow microcracks passing between aggregate particles. These microcracks, and also small air voids, are often filled with gibbsite deposits. Based on the abundance of residual aluminate cement grains, the interpreted water-cement ratio was moderately low to low. Porous HAC Concrete The porous HAC concrete consists of crushed siliceous coarse aggregate (25 mm maximum size) in a light beige to dark red-brown calcium aluminate cement paste. The paste contains a small amount of quartz, feldspar, mica, and hornblende fragments shed by the coarse aggregates during mixing. Dimensions of the voids are similar to the dimensions of the aggregates (typically 5 mm to 25 mm). Voids are interconnected and total air distribution is nonuniform. The upper (50 to 100 mm) portion of the porous HAC concrete is generally E more dense (lacking voids) than the lower portion. Voids are coated with deposits of white E and pale yellow tabular platy crystals and, less commonly, white acicular crystals (ettringite). Ettringite is a more abundant constituent of the crystalline deposits in the lower portion of the porous HAC concrete layer, above the portland cement mortar. The deposits are loosely attached and the underlying surface of the air void is smooth. The paste lining does not reveal evidence of etching, removal, or alteration. The mottled appearance of the paste appears related to extent of conversion. Light beige paste is more completely converted and reacted and occurs predominantly around voids. The light beige paste is softer than the dark red-brown paste. Narrow microcracks are occasionally observed in the paste. The wider J ) )

microcracks tend to be filled with crystalline deposits. Based on the abundance of residual aluminate cement grains in the paste, the interpreted water-cement ratio is low. Portland Cement Mortar The portland cement mortar (grout) layer consists of partially crushed siliceous sand uniformly distributed in a medium gray ponland cement paste. The mortar is dense and well consolidated. The paste is hard to moderately hard. Paste-aggregate bond is tight. The mortar does not appear to be intentionally air entrained. The upper surface of the monar layer is coated with a thin layer of powdery deposits (ettringite and other crystalline deposits). Small remnants of HAC paste are locally adhered to the surface. A single layer of carbonate (calcite or vaterite) crystals occurs at the interface. The portland cement paste is only slightly carbonated near the surface. Calcium hydroxide has been leached from the paste in the upper 2 to 3 mm of the mortar. Dark rims occur on some aggregates in the upper 15 mm of the mortar layer. Several short peripheral microcracks were observed and only meager quantities of gel have been produced. Distress related to expansive ASR is not present. Interpreted water-cement ratio is moderate, based on paste characteristics. METHODS The samples were visually inspected and photographed. Each sample received for examination was studied using a stereomicroscope at magnifications up to 45X. The examination and subsampling were performed in a controlled environment (described elsewhere) intended to maintain humidity and prevent excessive contact with oxygen and carbon dioxide. Rectangular blocks, measuring approximately 40 mm long,25 mm wide, and 15 mm thick, were cut from portions of selected samples in order to study interfaces between different layers and to examine the microstmeture of the porous HAC concrete at different depths. The blocks were mounted on glass microscope slides with epoxy resin. Following epoxy hardening, the thickness of the mounted samples was reduced to approximately 20 m (0.0008 in.). The resulting thin sections were studied using a polarized-light microscope at magnifications up to 1000X to determine aggregate and paste mineralogy and microstructure.

l l (TL 4 l g. y-L ~ ,%'h @ 'dg,; k '" \\, ~sh ,gt. g k ., ! ?'r {}'t f "l g Y 1 t1 1Y g-Photograph 1.1.apped cross section of Core D2 showing, from left to right at top, portland cement basemat concrete, HAC mortar, porous liAC concrete. Bottom of core segment at top is a fracture surface matching the fractured end of core segment at bottom. White crystalline deposits line voids. Top portion of porous liAC contains fewer voids. 5 s Photograph 2. Core B3 showing, from left to right, portland cement basemat concrete an.] liAC mortar in the uncut portion of the core, and porous HAC concrete in the lapped cross section of the core. Bottom of core segment at top is a fracture surface matching the fractured end of the core segment at the bottom. Note areas oflight and dark paste in the porous llAC. White crystalline deposits line voids. Top portion of the porous liAC contains fewer voids. 1

(TL h ", I k [ 4. I fM ,j j . yypR .'t I. Y :-. hh

k p' Y,j c

, t.1 . ' ##:ihPA ;9; ( V k..'

- Agg; y.

l;,, i 7 ' ,. ( - n. +w..g* c ? u. ,h;. Y.' ';, i,'. P.- gi- '.- s. 4 ..,..e w... r . y ,.4 ,p ..lh -;gl 4 s co: ,. e - a p'g+ c' .. ; R:n t. , gj ay qQ: :, f,, ' y

h :

3 l;l. s. @: l f @x]n-Photograph 3. Stereomicroscope photograph,7X magnification, of lapped surface showing mottled paste color and white crystalline deposits in an air void in the porous IIAC portion of core D2. <,.3.,-.... e

i'ai ',,

5*. dk Y .k y.t- ~ %g/ N 'fc J.:r, s g,y ~, a.,,. ,g #p.. e v.c, .v;; gg p .f, t

n 1

e we Ff; 7;,?'fy Lc f &,. a

'y f g [{?h,,,y N r /: nF;t,- ua , s'

b

' }' ' .kp l$ ', s ".

s..

p.~.

.. 't # O.: ;

Q'; y' s 3'rg ty3: ' ~ .e i { ihd l[..,.:+p;h*,- e. e u + 1 v S f l Photograph 4. Stereomicroscope photograph,10X magnification, oflapped surface showing dense, dark paste with narrow, filled microcracks (arrows) in the porous IIAC portion of core B3. Light beige paste occurs adjacent to an aggregate (right of photo center).

l CTL .mm e f.5, ',kff)., ,71 h ?.. .I q g 3 ) '" 4 c y;,4 hj Q Q j e ,.P ' ' [ '. l. , e.. a, -u [' ) .,.q Ci .;k . >C yfc,s\\ d[.-. ', ;;. ? 3 V , &y.. y yy;y ._ f.. < >;. p'. w-sf WQ 3e'. ,,y, ? 2.:(?l}i }f g[y - ; ig ss '[k ^ s 'd AH-1, t,.44 r photograph 5. Stereomicroscope photegraph,7X inagnification, of lapped surface showing mottled (shades of brown) paste in the porous llAC portion of core D2. ..fr l'*' .,[: ,},, j -[

i k'+

?.

l,

b{,,y ...X: g ;_ t j',S w ll ~A, 'gs..',, .f) . y 1.., N -.m\\.N,O . : g')5%e

- '..L

. 3 + i

.3

/6 ; y4Y@% ::'.f xg b QD;. 'f , ~ .. T i3fg <- ( ' ' o;. p; + \\ 4,o c el4e gg :,. ,,,t

',, y #

,.$. 3.' se V Md.n p e .aw e. .o Photograph 6. Stereomicroscope image,20X magnification, of platy crystals (CCASH) lining a void in the upper portion of the porous HAC concrete in core Al. l

l CTL 3 i\\

e.,

3 <+,g\\g '?% ; :q "Q 5 .wf - h's 3 b 1

9 lh Wl. 'l.

g, <r _.h b,Q;f.T 'l3 {Tih - h") si Yk"r j.{[ ( ? 7, gv q v", ;:9:y; j

a. ~

z e. IN O !K ' ~,?,ip a J y k [. iKlw. kdks d. U5bn Photograph 7. Stereomicroscope image,20X magnification, of crystalline deposits lining surface of a void near the top of the porous HAC concrete in core Al. White, filamentous deposits on right side of pher.o are ettringite. Platy crystals on left side of photo are CCASH. i kf -4 ft w w.~ s., y k, i '.., : i ',e i 7,. r. Photograph 8. Stereomicroscope photograph,10X magnification, of lapped surface of core D2 showing the interface (arrows) between the portland cement basemat concrete, upper portion of photo, and the HAC mortar, lower portion of photo. A thin dark gray layer is locally present on the concrete side of the interface. Below the interface, the HAC paste is carbonated and exhibits a greater degree of conversion.

(TL fhk( S h k4 I'kk,* dhl', Y l..h* ' [ 'J'.}$ % g . rf.,i PgD 'gj.:q o ...p 4 4h

h.. e,e. _ Y M(#}/ 1}6 'f.,'

f af

p*4 4 c

2 W~<*<4.,$2wt s vs f: , l l) t, -. ~k

s

+hf.k,*~i?fi .. k db.

gen-

~ h :. ckY[Mi ',- $ ' u. ;.lj,ed.,s ,y :g. ?1 pi. ' i Qh W. r jyh]ICli _ k ~

.] f jb MS 1,1 i "A

' 'N* I' y.% f"74 1 fM.. 4 HQ{Wl, %-- l4. ?W' r 15;},*

u.,

, y Photograph 9. Two views of embedded, large diameter steel rebar in the dense portland cement basemat concrete repre.sented by core B (21 to 31 in.). Left side of photo shows the cylindrical surface of the core. Right side of photo shows a smooth, sawcus surface. Rebar is free of corrosion and is tightly embedded in the cement paste. ~ u w, ,,x

. I &n',.e A

,.,. \\ ,y . '. * ' ,e f nh"1I /, ; b' (: l.'.IL'I,hgpy.'. fl.: .e ~ I i } ? A.% '\\g }= kyj: 's $e s '. j f Q, x. u - 1. m

4: %

^ 1 5 '.l 5 j {?' k' t Q.f f:

n. '

Photograph 10. Thin-section photomicrograph, plane-polarized light at 100X magnification, of paste in porous HAC portion of core B3 showing the transition from light (left) to dark (right) paste. The light paste exhibits a greater degree of conversion.

(TL e .mpp. m? pkr Af p n. may 9gf.,f4

A. y;gM i '

- ' m-m[

eq,4.y,

x g.

s..#.,.

' l,7kg s w [$,'CMygd,*.3;54hh;., A .g,f era

v,t f:

t"p.43{pyQ, V W +4,eg L g ^~~' n f. +e. ~,,, r ..,,, -'h.,.. ,/ .c j ^ w y ,;,f l 3._, } *J e. l :g. ^ ft v _ t: ^

hQ Photograph 11. Thin-section photonderograph, cross polarized light at 100X magnification, showing carbonation (arrows) of the paste in the HAC mortar below the contact with the portland cement basemat concrete.

y... t'

j' 1.'

<,,3-e, f.% a 2 s , * \\s... 3 . ;A " ' '.. < ",w '; p an . t.,gs., t.. -g-y 4 , -- *"%y%c, t p,, yw.. v,' .Anb. ,t e ~y4 - 1 .,. 4, ! l_) y;; ^ ' Q. ff. '4f i h).',, - s t n k,&sgl. a ^ 'l 3 "ll. .y... ,(; .+

b h.i, u) ky p

,y d, y~ ,f,af.. g i Photograph 12. Thin-section photomicrograph, plane-polarized light at 100X magnification, showing a periphetal mictocrack (arrows) adjacent to a coarse aggregate (quartz-rich gneiss). Such microcracks only infrequently contain deposits of ASR gel. However, paste surrounding the aggregates is typically cloudy and dark. )

(TL ~ y)

' ; w.N Qj g +,f y

I k V C[*N t r h j {. l,. 'k c A g. t

?

e g... .~ 'k e gA.c. y- , [, Qfy4,..e, if

7. f{

Photograph 13. Thin-section photomicrograph, plane-polarized light at 200X magnification, showing representative paste in the porous HAC concrete in the C2-A mock-up sample. The paste is cloudy. Individual cement grains are difficult to distinguish. 11-' f 1 , T '4 7 -s, 3( I <Y ~ \\ ha gy' e. g. ~ + u, k jfpd$?% ', f .U e,A o,9 y Q. ' ~ [ . v: i- , af ,,y .h e Photograph 14. Thin-section photomicrograph, plane-polarized light at 200X magnification, showing representative paste in the porous llAC concrete in core B3. The paste I exhibits a high degree of crystallimty. Residual cement grains are easily distinguished.

b (TL ~

)

Q[jasQ

/ ;;f -*...h'

k. 3

,. ')my;. y y.,+- w ri - xN i' * 's d?. Th.,..L ' A ,$}g? ~ $,,. - .t 4 __gT ' g kg.! ?; i,; Y

%* L :.;t)-

c'.7. - e g Photograph 15. Thin-section photomicrograph, plane-polarized light at 100X magnification, showing a mixed deposit on the top surface of the portland cement mortar, below the porous HAC layer. The deposit contains some material w hich accumulated at the interface. Other material fonned from chemical interactions. The arrow shows an unhydrated HAC grain. i l ;,-,p \\ .~ N 4 ? ~ (. N, (.' ' f r p Photograph 16. Same field as above, photographed in cross-polarized light to show the layering of the deposits and the zone of strongly leached paste underlying the deposits. Leached paste is black (calcium hydroxide removed).

(TL 'A l s t t Photograph 17. Thin-section photomicrograph, taken at 200X magnification with cross-polarized light and $30 nm accessory plate. Photo shows ettringite (blue and yellow fibrous crystals) and CCASH crystals (yellow, blue, green, and pink platey crystals) lining an air void near the top surface of the portland cement mortar.

PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF ESF BASEMAT CONCRETE Method Petrographic examination of one basemat concrete core was performed according to ASTM C856-95, " Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete." This analysis was performed at CTL by Ronald D. Sturm, Senior Petrographer. Three segments of a 254 mm diameter concrete core (designated Core "B") were received on 23 November 1997 representing previously contiguous segments of an approximately 0.79 m long core taken from the high density, pontand cement concrete basemat portion of the ESF Building. Due to the large size of the sample, smaller diameter cores, of a nominal 100 mm diameter, were drilled longitudinally from each segment of the sample. Each concrete core segment was longitudinally saw cut and one of the resulting surfaces of each was lapped and examined using a stereomicroscope at magnifications up to 45X. Surfaces of freshly broken concrete were also studied with the stereomicroscope. Brief petrographic examination of these smaller cores was performed to 1) evaluate the general condition of the concrete,2) determine if alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is evident in the concrete, and if so,3) determine the extent of damage attributed to ASR. Observations from previous petrographic examinations performed on other cores taken from the structure were also incorporated into this evaluation. Findings The following findings are based on the results of the petrographic examination of the submitted cores segments, as well as more detailed examinations of other cores from the structure. 1. The concrete is judged to be in excellent condition. No major cracks are observed other than those associated with coring operations. 2. Evidence of alkali-silica reaction (ASR)is observed in each of the examined core segments. However, the concrete exhibits no significant damage associated with this reaction. A few microcracks possibly related to the reaction are observed along the peripheral regions of some reactive aggregates and in the adjacent cement paste. These microcracks are short, typically less than a few millimeters long, and sparse in occurrence. The reaction has likely produced insufficient expansive forces to damage the concrete. 3. Evidence of the development of ASR includes 1) the presence of meager amounts of vitreous, clear, ASR gel in cement paste and voids adjacent to reactive aggregates, and 2) translucent reaction rims along the peripheral portions of reactise aggregates. The reaction rims are created by the formation and deposition of reaction gel into the microstructure of the outermost portions of the aggregates where sufficient amounts of soluble silica (from the aggregate) and alkalies (mostly from the cement paste) are present to produce the reaction. Some reaction gel has also penetrated into the surrounding cement paste, giving the paste a vitreous luster when freshly exposed, as well as a cloudy appearance in thin section. 4. The reaction appears to involve certain metamorphic rocks, primarily quartz-mica schist and gneiss, found in the coarse aggregate. The reactive component of this rock is likely strained quartz in which the crystal lattice has

) I been deformed and altered by metamorphism of the rock. The reactive rocks in this concrete are considered to be slow reactors, meaning, the reaction g usually develops and produces reaction get at a slow rate compared to more E.' reactive aggregates. The reaction is influenced by the amount and availability of reactive constituent., namely, strained quartz in the aggregate, alkalies in s the cement matrix, and moisture. It is CTL's opinion that the observed minor amount of ASR is structurally insignificant, is not presently a problem, and not likely to be a problem in the foreseeable future. The basemat structure has sufficient mass and internal restraint to control any minor expansion produced from the ASR reaction. I I I l

I LINEAR TRAVERSE MEASUREMENTS Method Microscopical measurements of paste and voids in HAC. porous concrete cores were made according to ASTM C457-90, " Standard Test Method for Determination of Microscopical Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete." In this method, specimens are alaced on a support bed that is electromechanically moved under a microscope. The chord ength of phases visually intercepted is recorded electronically. Thus, the method produces not only the total volume of phases but also the distribution of chord lengths representmg the variations in size of individual phase segments. This work was performed at CTL by David Vollmer, Senior Petrographer. Mockup cores B2-B, C2-A, C4-A and ESF cores B, D, and E were examined using a Princeton Economics Concrete Analysis System. The outside surface of each core was traversed longitudinally at 25 mm circumferential increments for a total of 2.25 m. Data were collected separately for the upper 100 mm and for the lower 100 mm of each core. The smallest feature measurable at the magnification used was estimated to be 0.2 mm (200 pm). Data were electronically transferred from the Princeton system to a m tatistical Macintosh Power PC 7200 for analysis using commercially-available Statistica s analysis software (StatSoft, Tulsa, Oklahoma) and plotted using commercially-available DeltaGraph software (DeltaPoint, Monterey, California). Findings The percentages of HAC paste, voids, and aggregate were calculated from the data and are shown here. (Paste and voids were measured directly; aggregate was calculated by difference.) Top 4-Inches of HAC Cores &,wa21 Q:g 22 ..M @ @ E Wik 57 l % :, [ ESF 27 [ 5._5 &_ W 56 D Mockup k'77h n ~ .g.I..gI ...g....g....gI ...g.I g u n g ...g....gI I 5 s... 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 constituent percent Bottom 4-inches of HAC Cores Q(k 32 ISM &= u l50S ESF Mockup " { f[ 37 M 5515(W 47_fN M 5 ....g....g ..g... g....g....g....g .g ...g.... 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 constituent percent @ Paste Voids ih Aggregate

I I The distribution of chord lengths of HAC paste from the top and bottom of mockup and ESF cores are shown on the following pages. The chord lengths are lognormally distributed. Statistical analysis for differences between the mockup and ESF cores was performed on logarithmic transformed data. The log-transformed data were found to be nonnally distributed E (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) and with equivalent variances. The means of the log-transformed 5 data were found to be not statistically different (t-test, df=567, p=0.05). These results indicate there is no significant difference of the distribution of paste coatings on aggregate particles a between the mockup cores, representing day-zero conditions, and the ESF cores representing g current conditions. Conversion and reactions of the HAC paste with water are not causing erosion or other microscopically observable changes in the HAC paste coating thickness. The percentage of voids is about ten percent greater in the bottom half of the cores than in the upper half of the cores,likely due to the specific practices for placing the concrete in both mockups and the ESF concrete. The percentage of voids is about five percent less in the ESF cores than in the mockup cores, suggesting the ESF cores would have greater compressive strength, all other factors being equal. I l l t I

Ch rd Lcngth3cf HAC Patta Top 100 mm - Mockup Cores 82, C2, C4 25 _^$ 20 S 8< 'o 1 5 v> E a 8 -jo g g a { 5= u. nr n,,, n, lll11 nm n 0 ii,, iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chord length of paste (mm) \\ Chord Lengths of HAC Paste Bottom 100 mm - Mockup Cores B2, C2, C4 25 _^$ 20 2 v ~ 15 o S E 8 - 10 E Ett 5 ~ n m n 0 ieiiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiii 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chord length of paste (mm)

Ch:rd Lcngths cf HAC Prta Top 100 mm - ESF Cores B, D, E 60 = 50 m 15 -o Q 40 y E 30 _8 x 8 20 E i Lt 1 0 -- h,_, r w - n-r 0 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiti 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chord length of paste (mm) Chord Lengths of HAC Paste Bottom 100 mm - ESF Cores B, D, E 40 35 =$ S 30 S { 25 l 9 E 20 0S g 15 c Q S10--- 8 u. 5-- -"h,- -f h.,,- n m n 0 i i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chord length of paste (mm) I

Chard Lengths of Velda Top 100 mm - ESF Cores B, D, E 45 40 35 30 x l 25 h20 Lt 15 10 5 0' i i i i 0 10 20 30 Chord length of voids (mm) Chord Lengths of Voids Bottom 100 mm - ESF Cores B, D, E 45 40 35 30 &g 25 &o 20 tt ~ 15 10 5 0-0 10 20 30 Chord length of voids (mm)

X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS Method X-ray diffraction analysis of HAC paste and deposits in voids was performed according to ASTM D934-80 (94), " Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits by X-Ray Diffraction." This work was performed at CTL by F. J. i Tang, Principal Scientist. Analysis was performed using a Philips X-ray Generator PW 1720 equipped with PW 2273/20 Cu-target long fine focus tube, theta-compensating slit, graphite monochromator, gas proportional counter detector, pulse height selector, and chart recorder. Tube operating Power was 45 kV/40mA, scanning rate 1* 20 per min, scanning range: 5* to 65* 20 @ 1000c/s and time constant of 2 seconds. l Specimen preparation consisted of processing the sample in a mortar and pestle under a blanket of nitrogen gas bubbled through a saturated solution of sodium nitrate (~73% relative humidity). Next, a sample of the processed fine powder (at least passing a No. 200 mesh sieve) was mounted in a Philips aluminum sample holder and then analyzed as a packed powder, with the sample chamber continually purged with moist N gas during the entire scanning period. 2 Analysis of the powder samples was accompanied with a daily scan of ot-quartz reference standard. Findings Representative diffractograms of mockup samples, reference samples, and ESF core samples, are attached. Mock-up Specimens - HAC pastes obtained from the mockup concrete specimens representing top, middle and bottom of the cores. All the paste samples showed very similar phases present, namely: AH3 (gibbsite, aluminum hydroxide), CAH o (the primary hydration product of HAC), i C AH (hydrogarnet, conversion product of CAHjo)and C2AHg, These phases observed are 3 6 consistent with the normal process of calcium aluminate hydration shown as follows: 3CA +30H = 3CAH o-= 3/2C AH + 3/2 AH + 131/2 H = C AH + 3AH3 + 15H i 2 8 3 3 6 Paste taken from the middle depth of the core appears to show a higher degree of conversion as indicated by the higher intensity of the X-ray peak due to C AH6. The higher degree of 3 conversion at this depth might simply be due to the heat produced during early hydration of the high alumina Lumnite cement in the HAC porous layer. Sample of paste taken at the interface of the HAC concrete and PC grout showed similar above mentioned hydrates, and, in addition, C ASH (GH), C A 1/2CC 1/2CH Hi t(HC), and 2 3 C A CC H12(FC) were also observed. This sample was showing relatively lower amounts of 3 paste as indicated by the more intense lines observed for the aggregate minerals (quartz, feldspar, mica) as compared to the other three previous paste samples. ESF Core Specimens - Paste samples from Cores Al, B 1, B2, B3, Dl, D2, D4, El, E2, E3, E4 at vanous depths and deposits found in the voids of some of the cores were similarly analyzed. The A1 core yielded two paste samples (dark and light color) found to be markedly different in phase composit:on. The dark color was predominantly CAHjo and AH3 with only small

amounts of C AH present indicating a low degree of conversion. The light color paste, on the l 3 6 other hand, showed very little CAH o and consisted mostly of C AH and AH3 mixed with i 3 6 small amounts of AFm. Cores B1, B2, Dl, D2, D4, El and E2 at a depth of 33 to 35 in. showed intense lines for 3CaO Al O 2/3 CACO 31/3CaSO4 llH2O (CCSAH) and 3CaO Al O CaSO412H2O(AFm) 2 3 2 3 along with somewhat weaker lines for FC, HC, C AH AH3,GH,3CaO Al O 3CaSO4-E 3 6 2 3 32H O (aft) and CAHjo. This set of hydrates was sinillarly observed in the HAC mortar of 5, 2 core E2, and cores B3, E3 and E4 at depths of 27 to 34 in.,31 to 41 in. and about 40 in., respectively. These observations suggest that whatever processes taking place at various depths appear to be fairly uniform and perhaps have reached equilibrium. A sample of deposits found in the voids of core B3 was found to be predominantly CCSAH mixed with small amounts of AFm, aft and GH. These sulfate-bearing hydrates, such as CCSAH, AFm, and aft, present in the concentrations observed, are not usually observed in the calcium aluminate hydrated cement system. Most likely they were formed as a result of interaction between HAC concrete and ponland cement concrete, with the latter providing for the source of both sulfate and calcium ions. This interaction is enhanced by the alkaline solution in common contact with the two concrete systems and acting as a transporting medium. As long as this condition exists, the process of dissolution and deposition will continue. l ll l

m g _._ p._,.._.._p ..J.-.. ,+ -4,. w -_, _,. ; _ _p . + _. _ _,.p _ .,_,_7_7 , -w __., ,_. _..e m ... p _ _ .e.,_- .--g.- 6_ ,og _ ~ _.. _ _. - -m_ .j.... 4.. g. ee ,. _.,_ L. .. w i y n l __H< g p-._.. _ __.q _. ._._,__--__o ._._ y .. _.,,..,._.,._, q, - * - + - - - y. ,. _ q - d -- ...r---- C--- - -+ M .4-_~.-._ ._ ~. ...._._.4_._._._r 1. ... i.. .._..._j.;...-_ __,'%.._. ..___..}_._.___- 4 ...r L,. _ _[' _,_, _ 6 . 9__

.f.._.._

--.._.{._ 7._._... ._a_ ._, _. _,_1 4 _- p. .D __._.L.... ... _ _. - +. _. _. ( _. _.w ...__q__.. ..._l-.. _.. .._q_ ._,...._A,_.._ f ,... _ g. .3 4 ._,__-g _. _..... _} ._._4__._ . _.., _ _ _ _ _. _. _. -__.._.t __..._p. p _.y _..-.4. -._. g .._._p,.__..._.....__._...._.. a ,_s .__y._..___. wr _. e 7...,_ -. _ __..__-,y._._. g ._..t p . p.. _ g y _._.. __p.-.-._-__.-__7 ._.7 o.._____ 7_ g _.,_ _.7 _--__,9_._ _r__._ .__.4.__.. . _ t _. _ . -.. p _ E~% m. .. ~_ l _.g._r __,,+._. '~ <J i. ,,,sr-4- _ _ j. . - _._ _l. 9,- g -...._._-.r.-_ _7_L.....__.. e 3,,, _-_,.{,-.._+ 7..__ 6_._, (...g ,7_ g om_ C,,, G _._~;_ ~ _ '..a e n ..n._. .....4..-_ ..._e_ n 4 n + .s u.Tf.., ] _... __ _...%_., _._._._ PL.,.. _ 4 _. 4 _.. L _., _.'Q p._. .n , q,.}- yg. g _.4. - n ..N. .._.L_. _. 4-

_ }

-3 y, 7.. c _}_ --.._-__4., .w- -._7._.. _ __._p..__9.._._.____1.-_,__._.l_._.7._. [ g eg 9 _ _ __ 9 -_.._q.- p. ~ j__ '.. s I.'- 4G ,-_.-_..._..._._.a_.._T..._._.q__..._..-__l..._- _. _ _._ _g._ %lN_.%y [ g 4,.._. _ _ _ _. _ _ --- t i ..a._. y _. p q ..}.. .-p.. _. - g.CJ 4 _ Q... q -... -[_._____._._.-._ .q E #8 iA M .. _3 g _ ,v.,. -4 .. _p._.__ .. _._.. j ..{.__._4_.._... anes ._..____9._-.l...._j._._.. _. _. _

W p...__.._.

. _.-_ 9 w C. g.. t -_. _ .p y. g .._.,7..._ _.. a..___.. _.... _ _ -_. 4._ . _ g m g... g._._ _ _ _ g_ __4 _y g, __ r._ ._,e.__ u m.._ r.-_.._ ____.._p._ 2 a. ,.\\ _. _ _.. + -.... ...__.s .g _.A --.._ y._. ..._..E.__. _., - J _, _ i_.... L _L, _ p.___ _ _ _-.,____.;_.._._-__-_.__-..g._.,.._-...~ 7 _.4 _' ._.3_._. p p ,_,_h..._.__ ..+__-. _-,. .__.._7__ _._ . _ __.....[_._-._...__,_.. _... _ --_e.... _e. a._._- _ e.._.._+__.2..w.._ .-._k ._.a_. .. ~. - - - f __ _ y. . _ _.. _. m.. _._ q .._.___j__._.__.y, ._..._r..._- 7 -_.. c ...,_.7 _ _... _._.._r_.__.._ 9_.__ _._ ', -... 4 _,_.p g ._._. _ p_..._.._. .._4.._.__ i ____.4 _ _ m _. y. ._ j. _..-.-__.-..4 .._a__,.,- .. _.... _,. _.} _._.y._. .,.. -.__.-..._.__{.._._..-..,-,_..... . { ___,..,..._L.._. _ y. (.. _, ._...t_. _ _. _. + __q_. -.__.__._.--i.. _. _ _ _. _._e _.. _ j._. _.. .4.- e.2 .g. ..._..l .. _ - _.4 l _ 4 __.__._._._ 73 __..... _. .__g ~._.j..... _. . -4._ 9__.,_._. .._-l...,. .....- _.-...q.,.. p. .1 __ ;- _. .9- -.._._.__- -..} 4 .-.-_--,3 .. _.._. og e_. _. -._ -. 7. ....q_--_.-, _. - - - + -. -. - / N 7 .. _. q.. - _4 ../a_ ---)... .. _.-._t_.-...

i. _._ _,...._._

}. __.. } _ ___ _ _._._,_7__- _y....,. y,_. ,__q..__.

i..... ~ _

.y_ -..{-__ .p, .g.._. ..__ 4 .. ___ _ q .a._..___ . h._. ;._.. p.._.._ _ -p p _ _ p __. l.___7_..__,.___.____p.._... . _..4- . - _ - _.,. _ ~ ..q__ _..l -._._.w_._ ._ ~. 7 I_. 4 .r..__. -.--.3-_--. ,.. _ - 9. - - .-3 T . L. _. }... 1 .-., -.. L 1 .-. _. _ _.... _.... _.._.p___..__. 1... .r. .. _ -..-....,+--.r. --- .. - - +..... - _ _. -._.e j. v

.--e

.._..p...- m e h._ ._...__l-.-,._--..., I.. 4 .1 ,.._._g._. ___ o ..___.....H__ q., g., ...q..-. .l._. r_. .___-.c .._.. +... g - _.. _... _ -y. ._..g.._._. w._,_. ....._4 ....._1h . - : _.. _ _*J.._.. M-.-;. ._...L..._-- y p j._._.-, _ _..g. _ ],...... + _.. . r'.... _. _ __ _. C__. p _._. __r. . _j .__._j_. ~._N_.-...;.... .- i _-q-...___ _. ~. ..j._ . _i. _ q_.._- ____. 7_y

_ _ y

__a e v -+h-*.h-e-=..- e.e-,.-+ia .._we .h.e.. -m-'.=*.a-.. ---f-gup_._f.... '_..e-- 4_...me+. m mds. t.

4. _-. _ _w. *

.. ___._t,.___._.._..r,__._ A _,__.-.4...,_.. ....7.%_..--._ _g.-___ . 7_.4_. Y ~ .4._..___. .,.,..._.__.._...I# _..J..,_. .__..l._.. ..__m p.. __.L__,. ~ 1. . __ f _w... ~_- .-..;__-4...,_, ..} _._.. - -~.,.4 -.. - p ....p-p.& 4*e_._.e. -. -.m en .s-..

-. L '_.

_.'4... a.-._, r.i - .... - 4._a_, _ ' ' .p a ;j e=. + = - = - - =.. e e_y_ ^ = ag**.=* c j p-L. m.-. j j -+ ,i _, - i qQ ..i i i .. _ _ - _ __ _ q_._ ,4 m, ..J ;. - - c,, -,- , - - ---- - f-- ._._._._r----,.. -. -. _ -- r m,

lq a_H __. _. {_. -. *=-- y f_..~... .. _. ~. _. q ,- g_. Q -.t. j -y _. -, _ +, _ ..j...,... ~,., __. _. - _._ L_ p _._, 7..__y--p,._. 9.r _. - + - _ ~ 4 _.,___,, 9.._..-..._._ .e t _ g ._._u-7 _,_.- ~ _. - .-.-,-yn_-.,. - y-.-.-- -., _,, -~._.-_7.. \\ ,, i.{. *, -.- ,l .__ g ~ ,,i -+- i i j - -~- .. ~ _ -

_.

T..._ y. -_ 7._. 6 p - _7_ --7_.7_. 4_, re_ _. ~. _ gg ,.7 ~ .p.___._.. + ..-._d-I -r i ._.- -,i.- 4 -_4_-.,r _.4 - _.__4, _ _._]. 'l l l[ v y _._._: + y 4 i_ -q ,j j ,j - g _. - -y_ 4, 4 --g~,.,_ ._.9_ y y y 1_ ] _ ! ~. _.. _, _ ),._,.. a_. _L 4_.. _j ._,]a _.p-Q.g p,_ _. ~ _..._.p_.__- . _g_.. p j, _. - _ 7 .p t ] _,. _ - J .y - p ____.__9_.__._. _ _. -.. -..,, _, _ _ _. _ -.. ;_ g.- ...,.4 _._tFT w. _._.i _-._.L'. -.m.. 4_, ,g..___._,_._. q ._p_- g_ 4..- ._. ;. r.- ,_ 7 ._A ...,_. _, __ 4.o. ..., v e _.,.._4_ ,.__...l _.L- .___.7_._.-.. i p,.., i r / v _ v %n .,-. i. u T j.. m g. g = m (..... _..,... _ _ _..,.p, .-. e ,00. _b. _.4.. ~ 9.._-- o ..__. 44 - h... _ --}, _ - _ _ _._J l .._...y_._._-.-.__.-7_,___-.... _ _ _. + _ _. - l m._ _ p... _ _._._._y,-_._. n _W _.-.._I----.- "/ l _ q- -~ .'-j-~~ l.3 W ,f. - --.- l 4 .. C* g. * * " t ..-t - vg$.- A - Cd g + - h ..__.-.4._.- ..._i.._..,. _--- q. _ -. p e,, T *7._-..--.- ~, - - - - 1-4 _._.-.__._p.___. ,_1.-._ .y. + _._ __ y g 7._ _ - _ a - O. esCy,d,. _._. - _ _ _, x _ g. m,-- _..._, p.. 1_ 4 ... _ -, -_____.7_,._.... ~. _. -. _., _ _ _ ,___.q____. 9_....,-__ y- _ _..-_L.~.._..__..q_.. _. -..L._...._ . j._, _ 9 ....,_7 ' ~ V .,...... P. _.. 5" _,.....@.... -.4 _ _.d .. __ r _..M,__-}. f1.... ; _.. _. C41 _ _... c _......_._._[ . ;.. _. _f _ _, p_._. _.. L_~..-_ _____p_-- .n_. __..g_.~..,.. _ _. - - -_..4.___,_ -__._._;..-.._____I_ 7 f fi 4 -... w w 1 +' ' ~ < - -..t'_ _ _ _. ~ - - '- i ._..._.1._..+j._-*._______.._--'_~_.9.'_.'._.-'-~ L .. l . I. __f,-~__ .__,r'._~'-._.- - _,... _.. _ .4_ _. t...__.. _ j.. _' _. _. -. _......_ 1. ._ _c4 _~. _._._ _,..._ __ -___,__ y _ _.q___ _.j_ _.L g' _. _. -.. _,.p _._ ~ _. Mg T.yl -. m - _.- __s 1r _. ._ w. .- _w I .. j _ _... i.., 4_.7._ _.. .l__. _ p _ __ .._..a_-.. . __._[_._..-,....-_._,. _ _.. _.. _ ~ _ _ _.,. _ _ _, _ _ _... _. _ _. _... { _ _ _ __ L, [.. 4 e e ~ t. ._._7...._ -._L-_..____-,_ h,.- __.-.._.g.__. .q.__._- _ {._ g } . l {- ,t 4 _. i _.., . -4 i .c .. I _ _. _ _ 7 ___}..._..., _. .. 9.._ __._. _ _ 7. -..____ ... + ,___{ p

v...,_, I

,_._ g ._...__.__.4__,_.L___ ~. ____,. - -. .__._.-r.,_.._ .____._r.____ _.l.__ 1.____- ._.._,.__4,.__.- j v_,- m .j__. _p _._ __J-.__.,.L e-C p ..__._4..__-._. ...__.__{.. _.q___. ..4_. p - _ - g. _ _. t.. _. 4 _. J r_._ .. q. _,_.__p_. _._..Lg_..___q _>.. [.., s.

3 c

.__.9._ 7_._..4.__.$_._.____. -... _.y.__ 9_.-..,.......,,_...__._

p. _. y.

.__}_-_...,.. _ i_ _ - g. __. ._g. ___.7 ._.,_.__4._.____. . g. ...y_ _ p.__._ 7..._._.__ L_.-.__.7.-.__ ..._p_._ [_. ._,._j__..-_ ...__I__._.~_ 7____...__ ___.9_._._... _. _ _ _ _,. _ ..,._.3.,__...-___

u _.. _._W

.~ _ _7,.-__._ ._._, r _ ..y _.. q._ _... J 7_. _. _. j _. _ _ ~ _ [. _. _ _ p -_. ..__.__y_.__.. ..-___,r_~_.._". .._-*.-_H._.+_.. -.-._r-.. p. _..._ {._ ...e __...._._._r-_ __4_.__.,_- ,,._.,_p.. _._~r-- _._ [.. _...__,7,_._._._._.__._p._.. ___._j-.-.,.- r--*-+-*--- f . r ... _..p..._.-- 9. _.. m i = N 9.,... ..1_.-_._. 9... .. 9. g _ 9 __ _.- _._.4.. . _ _ p.. l _ n... _. y_.,.__.. ..y_..-- ___.r._. .. q.... .., _._...g.._,_._ ..,__[..__...,. ...._a c } . g _.. .__.p.____g-_ l_._._._ ....___.y_.. o. . }.,.. - _p__...__ _]... _. 7 ,___...._ ___._ q _.._ y _,__ 4_ ,4 .___q__._-.______.I_,___._ eg.e p ,._7_,_4. _ _. + q. p W-ge g_. + ep .i _.g.._9 g p. .wgo. i_ _...-M. ..,....._.i-.dm w.p _y,... e. .__._q.._,__. .g __ _j._?_ ,____,_._.,h...__ l _..,...-j...-_. K- _4 .__._q.__, v

a. C...,_. y y

.,, _, ; t.g ,l -q- ......_o. _..L a __ _.q_ _..., _... n7,. q..........._.q g. _ ...j_. _..p_, _ m.__ p _-. .p,,_ ....4 i, O, _ i. __ -_.... _..i... .i..._...4.__. i.

w' l

4 e. ,'7*4 f l i ..I - - p,_. --I q _,, - ..~._p.. p ___, _.._,_ ,_4. p_. e 7 {... _ ,_,__4 g l .N. .i. C..--..M...... h.._., [..J'u.,._._.j.....f9 -... ;..___ M _. _;__. _.ap.,_ _} _t. L 10 i. l. 4.._._ ._..._p._..._}_,,.~_-. _...-6.... - _ _ ..J~_. L-..,.. .-...__.9 .-.--}-..,,._. _. _ -. -.. e__..--b__.~...-,.-.-..._- ._._._ y _. L.4_._. . j .q.. .l 4 _.q m. ..._._.___.4___. _...L_.__.#___p. a ._..[.__-._ _. ~.. -.. l . _K.. __..___ q .t... ._ _.__.__J_._. u._ ._.._q. .... }_.._._. _ q. J q....-. .._.-.l_.., ' 4_. .-..._.g. . _. y._ _. r ._._p.. w 7._ _ o, j _... _. _ __.,.____ M .,.._ _4 .q.._ g l __ .

7.7 hyh_ _. j..

_......4____.._ L.... _ ; _.3.._._,- . }..... . 4.. g g .. _ p.._ __r- }. _._,_____{_,.-_._, i d i.. - } - _. r.,r *** .m.._J._._. ,_.-T-

4. --

I j .v. . _..._.).~_...-

#q."".'; -'- _.

.~ ~ _ - '. - - ' - - +- ~ -+ l i g g. .__q.. ...._.-.p... . v_. q _. _. _ _ . _.4.._' q ~_~--'-T_'-~. 4 _,...p_,. -._4._. 4 __..._.. - q _. - .f___. _... _.. _... j.. 1 1 E"

f -- - 1 ~ ~~

p .. D,.__. 1 .@g ~ _.., v..m....r_._,_._. -}....._. J...y.,......._ g _.d e .u - _. - -.. }.-~ m. ....q . __. {. ... 7 m ;l3, _. _,_. _, ag,,3 _ l _ -._ _7 _ _.. -_ _ -. _ _ _.. __._ .-4wy.c.4L.__y._... __._ ) __ 4 .. _.. J _ 6 p.._.__. _m__....___. ._ C ... q._.._

.....; __...,...._._. _._..{._

_. _S._,__...,.g. -. @4 ..J c C.#...._._;._.___ _.a

& b.

.l _ _ _ _. p_._.__. L..__. ... _.{. _; to On. q _. _ _ _. - _4 _ _..,_ p . %..,.,_}...,.___.. ~.,.. -, __. _ -_9_-.-. > _. _i _ _.L.: j .._..l _ _. -C _L p ,,, g, m.... j .___.__._.__t._.__ ._._.7,_.__- .o .4 .l n= g. v. 3. _.___. __._..._9.__.- ... _.l .. j.. _..... 4___. i g es...,f, _ 3._,.- .-.. _ __7, -.-,__.___j__ _ _ ___44.._., _ _ _ 4__..g,_ 4 6 .lyq,4 .j m. ..j .. __ p _.__... 4.. G -. 4.ees.f4 h. j -q ~. _ + _ _... ap .4 7,,,,, _~_. .6 .._._4._.. _. _... p. .,_.,__7...__._..... p._. .. E y., _,.. _. _ _ p. - _..j...,- ,...}_._. j **. p.7. g._, -4,. - -. _. _, _ ~ _ -.., _j.. -..;_ j.._ --. .... y __,.._J g... . W. ._.e-y ,.....e- +. -. +. - . - - * - '- *' -* *P *.D L 7 m.3 a.,..,}_-.p-.g___. - .. _L._._- _...,. _ _

g g.,y.g..

-, -.. ~, _.._.,. _ 7 _ j.._____ .. _....,.,;..._._.9.___. i.. y I.. .k' .._. '. j. .vi W .. _.L _ __. _,.,_l._._ ._. ;_ L _. . _...._,_-i_._.. J. _, _ _.. a d.. _. . _., _... _ ~ _ _. _. _ _ _ _..- 4

v< .--._qW.- .*.w w_.+ .e-.e g-. .em -.=e.e_.- _._g_.e9$_...h ..u .. j..___..._

l. _....,,,..._q.,._=-...-...,,..g9'%.

I g_._ w q._ g _,_ __,_ _o y._..._.. 4_ ; _ ..p__- g "._..a.,. g ._ J'.. .[..._._...._._j __ ...,q. _.. _. _ _.._..]. .p _.. 4 _.; s .___.g._. _,._.p..._ . _,_. q ..__._9_._._.. 3.._._. t - -- g ~ I'~~~~g*-- ~I... - _. _.. _. _ _ _ -......I - - *b * - -' ~ 1 ' ----

g

-- * ^ * - - - ~ - - - "' - - - + r+- ~3 g ,_____-..._.y-; fr p _.. n.. n _..,_, ; _ _ . W. _... _. 4_ g , x.. q. _, L _.. %,- q , _ ~, _.,... q._ m -. + r._.___. __. 7, - 9 _.._y_.-_.,_. _. _. {..., __7 i.-.e.e g +.-*.e --=.g._e .--g.. gee.e6_ ..i-.-4-..g. .g .,e-w_e _..--._fe.. L. .i. .a 4_r..,__ .-.4.- $ _.r _ ..E. .._.._4._. - ~ .,._...9___,f.._._.m- .,4 ..,. f. .,q._ _ _. _ _-, M, $'.#.. u -. c L.._., A ,.'~%_.._._._.,._. L... _ p[.___. _ -, _.._--._1.. l l.. 43 _. 4. .q,, 1.___ ..,4 4_ _.{_ 4 _. -.9.._--.___9_ _. _- a_- n ~ __ W. ___..r.__.___,_ . - p __ 3 _.a

.6--,---.e

-+--4--.. -- e -.-------p.-~,-' +_ _. _ ..__,_.i _..e__ .... 7 1 . _...y. __ _ _..1....___ ..l. .._-_4 .,e m - g... +_,$-_..,_.e .-.r._, a 4.-._..--_-. -.j. q.. _ ,%.._,_.4. . _. g -. p _... - .._ p., _, - m q -___,_r

1. ~..

4 __ . _., 3 4 ..._4._,. _...._._.__4.--, _t_. _..3 ._.[.,_. ...p__,_ c _._a .. _ r._. _ _ q _.+_..+._,.g._ . g._ _. p .._._.T~~~--'* + +... _ ._..___.p._.__,_._,_.__ y. _ j _._...- _+.,_.._.e .,_ _ _.a. y A .t._____.}__-____._._.-_.-.. j _- -. p_.. - 4 ~~..~.A.-_._.j__.. ,.-4._.4 _._.-. T i 'c e ._p,___-._ g',.__.-. i o_ _..._._.-._y~..__ 4 M_ 1 .y _ _., _ _7,.._._ _ _..._.1 p._ I I I g ._.z_.___._... _ ..y v4 r a _._. - - _. ~ ..___h,.,,. k I_. ..~L.-_. 4_ . - _. _.._.. _. h 2. l __7 . p., _ r_.. _ r r -- ..g.___.__... 7 p_,_._._.]_,.-._. _..} _ .__;-Q._4 _a _,. y ...r,_._.._.. _n,,~ ,_7. d. _._,. d.,. i ^, - h- ~.,. _ _... 4._ -' -. _... _.,.x C .L t ;_. 4.._ r __... _. _ _j..L.... . _._g. %_., ___ g.- _._ L_. ...,.. j.._.. .j ..t i.... 1 .a..

....,.m .~.p,__._ g ] i i p._.. _ ._.>(--_.. g .._. q _.a_- r ,_g j g ~ i s 4 ..j -. ..___. g .._r,_,._ ._7_.. .._p v. ,._..g.{_ 6 .. g- ._.3.,_.__,.i7..,_.__. { N 4..,_. 7....._. ,._m .a._,_ q w.._. _._a_._. 1.., _. 4...-.__p._.._.__ 5..... __.r,.___..._.._-_l__... _ _. _... ~_ .o__g- . _. _ _ +.. -. _._.. a l. _ _ _. + _ _. _ .p ._,___j_..._..__

7. _#..._. j _._. _. _. _ _. _

_ _ 4 _ _ __. _j.. -,...__.j__4 ._ { q. _._. r _ p.., . __ _.y4 _ y.o ;__-___ ___y__... r _. _.,..__h_ __._. .y._ .j _._ p _ _ _y.. _.. _. r._ _._q,._ _ .._...,4-.,_.._ .____.b__... . ____- i ....._f_.g-....._-.._ ~.,.. _. _ _ '. _. 2_. w-v _,._..,y_.. _. _ _.,._,_ q _ _. _. i, r v_ i. i__..__;__._,--..- ---.__-__m.-._...}_._.___. _--_..__-y_-- , __ o g.. p l . _..g, __ g._ > _ _. -. -._ __.___.9.+._. _ _ _ _ _f _.. ._..__,_.__. _ g _. g _ gg ,..__m g _.- l ___ _j __.. _ _. -_.. _ _ _,.. - __.,9.q_, c _ __-_ _ y.... _.. _. _.. _ _ g l. _.. _ r. __ .. _. _. _ _,_6 .,y._.. .L. .y._. .-f . M. -f _4 m .g._.. @t --p. 4 ,ty _ a i t 7p__._=g__.,_--._--- e e ._. m s g._ e.. [g. +_. _ _. 6_ g_ _. _ g r_ q. 4_ q 7 o, ., _. -. _ _. ~.,.,. _. p ....p. y. . _{ y m -_3 r

v.. _,._.

.o .g . __ A - _ f6 _ y_.. ,7.. p, g. y _._ e 4 ._[_.,__,_._. _.__._q..._._.. _ _. _ c e. g. -.,. _. 3,. .i.-_.__, . _ 9._ .S.._. .O 4 L. .j* - gJ, g _ __ g - q _ _.. _. _. , g g - _.. _ _ _- ~ - r r = - E 2,..~;.~ _._~._~._._-_.t.. "~1._~ r ~T,

9. Q t"

/e. _.__."r_-.~ ~~ ~ "-~ g. P _1_. y l &_ __ q__ -1_.._.-_y . p _ _.. p_. _ _. I,. _., _..._ q. .-..,[.... . __a.. __ _.j._-.- s- _... g _ _,_. f. ._q_f i._.. j - 1 ..(..___r-..~_...~~__--~.._.~..(._.. s _ s_..{'... _. l... _ _ _,. <,N . _. p - _. _, _u_ y___ _p . s_ g _ g - - - -C. I'..__ _...p ._... u.. q. _ q __. _ _ -p ...___ *F._ _ ~ r_._- _ d,._ __ g.__._.?lr_.-_.__-___- w..,.. _ -__-_ A _ . p._ _.__i. --i------ J_ _ w,. _._. - hg __... .._ _ p. q. . __[.. ._ _,_c __ _. _, _ _ _ _ _,._-,4._._.___p g _._. .j_.__._...,..._... -9 ..~_4. v. -__s -._._ 3_ ._..... p _ . __g _. p_.__. _......_f. .7.. _ __._ p _ _. ___ _. %. - 3 . p..._. _. _. F,W .._.g...._.__J.i..._4.._. _. _ u._ _. _ _. -..._ __._ 4 . _.... _ _4 4__ .s._._ u.._... . + - _ _ _ _ _

_- p__._

3 __ ___.., _. __4,.__., ..._.y ____ .__ _.g _. ..-.._7,___..y_._ ___ ^ .a_._.___, .y._-.__. I L,__ ,._-_..'_-._._p.p. 4_ . }. .___.q.__...__..._..._..._.t_._._..._. __.. L.... _ p - ._.p._._L.___.q__-. _ _ _ _ 7__ 2 ...a. _ q_ p__.-. -. _.., -. ~ .n _A s g p__.__.. .___.y__ . _. _._._.. _ __.4_ _.E ._____....._._.__.._.____._._._,.___..._._.4._.....-,. a.. _m _i.__,._..q.____. .). j- _ _ _ __._._;__.__. 7..__ ._...m. ....__.p . _ _.._ p _ _.. --,.~.... q._..._ s -7 s . _ -. ~.. -.. _..._.-s. .. 4 ...p. .,.___,_.._.3,_.___.- __.._4 _. _ q..._ ;. _ _. ;.. __ __,. _..__.p..__4__. _l ...q._ i .} 9_ ._._4_.__. , _ ' g___.. _ _ _. _ C } . _ _. __.,r.. _g y. _. _ p._.._ . __ 7, _.. _ p _-l._ .._y_.. i _ _. _... ..._ q. _, .q. .g____._._.4._.__..._ 4 _3... _ _ _ _-._+._._.....__-_4__._.. _s _.___ f. .__y- .'_--_..__j. _,...4 L__..._ ..M,_4 ...__._7__._. .__..,7_._, j }___...,____._._.___.___g....___,_., __ i _ __ _ _ t m._ -_ tt._ _ _ _ ;. __ _..c _ _. Y -L.,..._., _._ .r?.. _,.__ _ _m ~.#. _.r. _..

1. - _._L

[ k.4 l__. _.. i_-_. ' ..,._...._]W___.._._ . p.t.y 4____ j l ~< -e. _.__4 .__{.._.__ ..___.1.. L _. ___r,__.. 4. _ 4 _. ..L.., _.___.4.___._____._ _ _! u ._.__.__.p._. _f t__. _.____ _ F,_ __4 ____._.4-____ "7 E ---;__.____K_._. _1___._ y-_ _ i _.. _e _ _ _q _.. __ _; _._._.. __v.. _ L a __ __ _ 3 _ _. . _, + _.._. p _ ~_ ,D __i__._... ..,__.p_..,_, _. .. _ p..__ _.__ ..q._... _ _ _ _ _,.. _.g._ _. _.. _. g... _ g__ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~,. l- - - 2 1

i ~ ~ ~- 4'^ --,_.7 _.t"-- -~'n'"--- P= ,. -. - ~ - - - . We .._t_ _7 L. :. i -4 i. ~ + _. .e 7 ., _. ~ .. _ ___.r. _. _.._ _3 _ - -_ . -.. 4_.. y _ + _, _ _ s ..y _y__ ._ j,. _4.._ 4 l.,__-,. .-,..a._. g: _..... 4. a .w ..s__- _[..._._ .._.~._,p.~.__ 1 .,.._.J _.L .___l.___ .s,. L.;,_ _. ,_ q_; _ _..;_.L c. g.._,_ ,u. ., 4.4 _J.-.. .,._..} _....)_.p. m. ). A g. j.-_. *r g.. =.. .n,. .__..,_44,_,_..,_.._._..,.._ .-.J_ m, _. _. _. _,_; ;. _ _ Le. M Q.. m . - _. _m - N-m n . f'.. _. i. _.. -_. 4L.J j., _ _ _G.._ ___p _ _ M.t _.. L.... _. F,J... . p . W._, _%_ L Q. .__; _.g,._,.._ _._.;_.; j .__...g. ._ _ g g i Q. .,..-.,._,j,_. _. L,.. ;. _. -. _..p___. ___.a_._.ew ..p . _ - _. 9..., g q. T'- - --*~T1---- - -'--7 '- -*--'-(---*----- - - - * ~ - - w f.. ___. y Q)- g,.. _~ ..___q- --(_._ _., r; n_. __ } t 's ._a.._.. __,y _. e,, _ Yge,,n._ '_}-.-.. ..p.___. .... - _ q,, n_.___._..__.7_,___ _._,_4_.. g, 4..., _.._.9_. .g .+.e __.. ; _._ _., I _, {.

..g y g

.._.4_,_ [ m,_ J y ...y.._.., -. g. Q ~L_.._--, .,-g..-__ .--_.j.- -t-4h wn ..._.4_g.- .p, _.. [ y j*,_ g_. j.. _. -..,._ o___ 4. _k _. 4._-_.... .g _ ~ ]9 -_ Q' -f_.__. p ._._..j._.._.. 4 _. _. -. ~ _ _. _. m.{..- -. -- 7_ __.__ _..__.; j _...-,3 7 g _p._, a .7._

9.......

....._..~.gg..- _m m. ,+. y f 7._.4 r- .._,.._{.._~.. ,. ~ %. ,y _. _-.q- ~_.-,._ 9.-.. l .. j gg6 - i-. ._.4 _.~,,-._4,- . -,. g - .q,. } ..gwND _.--.--.__-H... 4.-._,7._. -. 4 ..* smg, -. amme., ,_4-,. ,r,-, j 4 p .~.s 4- . Y, O g..-. p,.._.-.-, _ _ ., + + ~. h,-.y. t. i + P -t.*-.s-p 6.-.. ..._q_._,-- _4_,.7, g -r+ - --}. ~ p cj.,. t j -.. -. -,,.,.g-7-* .I e ..y.g %g.. y,.._.,. - >- p. - - _ + _, -.._9 Hq ~ ~ -" -N ' - m p

2 E C

.. -..L &.~ j --i. -"~ .. _.; Q g. A Q.. 4 _.._ .__ b.._.. -. - _ + _.. _. _. -.+4 .,..-4.-. '+-.m-~.. .}---...,-7.y__-..._,..r7.._.--- .... - +. _. -.4--.._._ -.-----.6 _.. y. _... _.. _.,. _7_._ _y._ 9 ...-~.-e.--._ g w .__j..- r j -._.-d i .__._..g._. . ~ -,.. -.. ..,%~.--- _+_ -. 7 - _,.__.,__...p-.. - - - h e..N.- A .m, ,n. - - ]' - - _._ q _.___ - -._ - -,_-.-- -..~.3.-,-e-,-_,-4.,_-'. -{.-.,_-Q

[..- y L.

.i_. ___ f' _, _ ,-...,_j -..~ __ ._,.,._._9---- -.-.-_p.-.__.--- '. _ -- @d. -...--- L H- _. - Y 4.. j [ __... _1 -_-f... s..,-... L.-.. I . - -. - - +. - - + - __.___._;_~.~.- -- q -- 6.. " -._4-.--- -tI--.--- F.- _..7___.. __q..__... .---,-t--~ t-*- - - --F '-- 3 _.l . - _. -. -. - + ~ - + -.. - ~ -,4 .. - _. + _ q-. .---g-.. .g-_.e..-,-+ .( 3 7.q. l. _..~.- - - _ -.. y1 -J..... -j. .. _ q.._. - _ _- _. _.....-..._q_--- .. y _q-_. -...g._,._. e.-..7--.- .,..-a.---.~.

~4.-.----

g f h., ( ., - -. _ _..._._..j.... - +, - * ~. . + -. - - .-.--+_.t-. - Q_, -.- -- -_.-j. -.g ..7_-,-. .-.-..:..y.- ._ p . t__-_ g- --m.,.A --.,1 s , ~.. _ .y.--- -. - _ - + 1 .-}. ---...T_-. 4 N 4 .,.... _. 7, _-.4-----..,_--.--j- -- [h.% - -. - ..+ --.- -------4-b 4 . + - . { .,__..,,,.-1... -. -.-..-,-j_._, ~~ I y-- . - g -- 3-,- l ...~...-.*.3-- w- -..-----,.~_a_4_ l s s ( t% F1 /_ h b. "_.~._d..... I-e~-.-.-4~--+N---+~. ' -*-+-+j--' NI . g... _- j_ -t-- --4 l { s +. - j ._4.____.. ..--l """} 'f v .- d.. _. -. 4 -_. --3 = * -. ' - l g --- - - * - - - " * * * - ' * - * - ". * - * - - - - --_--t-f- - ' 3 ...__.?.- J t- -- .. _.4 .p._ 4__.. + - - - - --- l - 4 p t

y-**'

-.9 ... - - p .--4, --4 + 9 {.-.. _..,h--_.. ~._7,_.__-.._,-__._- f __l _.f 4_._ je L,_ .g__._ 4 _} '

.. L._-

~. ~ = g e c +.-,.. _.4.,- -e -..-.-_ee-i, .__4_ _- ____.9_._...4..__d_y_-__. .... _ _ ~.. _.7......~....._._..- -, _ p._.- q.- _ _. _..__._._w_ V 4 _a . _i __.q A -._. g. _. _ ____7, j 4_ y_ _. + _. e.-_. _. _ e ~. .4.. -,.e- ..J. +e .-_.,+.f~%.e. . ~ -. _ - .y .Q.. -..y g 21 -f'.,_ lA Y ... i.- .t.

j

. -.g _. {.. l l p._. m + i J -,._,7 --e_.._.. 1 p--

p

. - -._.4_. _. i r,_ ~ _ ~ ~ - * ~ c s 3 y-I.3m-ii t 6 l ~~~ ~ i .4 ...i.- _.. .j q.,j i i i C L_ .-_-L_.h...~+-,.4-. !d -a-

DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC) ANALYSIS Method Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses of HAC paste specimens collected from mockup and ESF core samples were performed according to CTL test procedure CSG-TST-004, " Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis of Cement and Cement Related Materials." This method determines the heat absorbed or released by a specimen when its temperature is raised at a slow constant rate, revealing changes in hydration state and identifying specific phases. Specimens were obtained by chipping and gentle grinding to carefully separate hardened HAC paste from aggregate and deposits. Samples were handled in glove bags under carbon dioxide-free nitrogen at 60-70% relative humidity to minimize alteration. The work of obtaining samples was performed at CTL by Laura Powers-Couche, Senior Microscopist and Ronald D. Sturm, Senior Petrographer. DSC analysis was perfonned at CTL by Ella Shkolnik, Materials Technologist. The following samples were analyzed by DSC:

1. Laboratory-prepared reference samples. HAC paste samples prepared at CTL from the Lumnite@ cement used in the mockup samples.

2. Sub-samples representing top, middle, and bottom from mockup HAC porous concrete core C2 B. These samples were submitted for evaluation of the extent of conversion in the mockup HAC porous concrete.

3. Samples of " dark" and " light" colored paste from ESF core specimens.

These samples were submitted due to their obvious difference in color and phase composition as determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The light colored HAC paste is more fully converted than the dark paste.

4. Sample of crystalline deposits found in microcracks and voids of the HAC porous concrete. These deposits were of special interest for thermal analysis due to their unusual composition, i.e., presence of sulfate-bearing hydrates not nonnally associated with calcium aluminate cement hydration.

5. A set of nine composite samples representing ESF HAC porous concrete at various depths. To investigate the degree of conversion of the in-situ samples, sub-samples collected from top, middle, and bottom of the 38 mm diameter cores from B, D, and E locations were combined. This generated a set of nine composite samples representing HAC porous concrete surrounding the 152 mm cores at respective locations.

Samples were received already ground to pass a No. 325 (4a pm) U.S. Standard Sieve and no additional preparation was required. All measurements were performed on a Mettler TA8000 thermal system. This system combines a DSC25 measuring cell with TC15 data acquisition and analytical unit. A Mettler MT5 microbalance associated with the system pennitted accurate (10.00lmg) determination of the weight of samples used in DSC tests. The DSC25 cell measures the difference between the heat that flows to a sample and to a reference crucible. The unit has a high signal resolution and detects small changes in the heat flow (0.024 mW at 150*C for I I

r-3I I one minute). When a sample is heated, the DSC unit can identify reactions such as decomposition of material. This decomposition requires energy and is expressed as an endothermic (negative) peak. For each peak, there is a corresponding value for the energy 3 expressed in Joules associated with : hat peak. To assess the heat associated with the mi decomposition of tested samples, the area under the endotherm is integrated or the peak height is measured. The energy value in Joules for the peak can then be converted into a specific heat of reaction, in Joules / gram of material. For the analysis, a 160 L aluminum crucible containing approximately 50 mg of specimen and a reference crucible containing Al O (an inen material) were placed on the sensor plate 23 of the DSC measuring cell. The cell was heated at a constant rate of 10*C per minute from 50*C to 600*C. The measurements were conducted in nitrogen with a flow rate of 20 cm3 min. / Findings E Reference and Mockup Samples - Calcium aluminate cement hydration products such as g CAH10 (the primary, normal HAC hydration product), AH3 (gibbsite), and C3 AH6 (hydrogarnet) demonstrate unique thermal profiles as seen in the thennograms of the reference samples. In early stages of conversion, a thermal profile of HAC paste exhibits two endothermic (decomposition) peaks: a CAH10 peak in the temperature range of 120-140*C and a gibbsite peak in the temperature range of 260-300*C. As more conversion takes places, hydrogamet is formed and generates an endothermic peak in the temperature range of 300-320*C. The " degree of conversion" can be calculated from the measured height of the CAH10 and AH3 Peaks: 100 * (Height of AH3 Peak) De = (Height of AH3 Peak + K

Height of CAH10 peak) where K is a calibration constant. This calibration constant can be determined by analyzing standard samples with a known degree of conversion. Due to the absence of acceptable standards the degree of conversion cannot be measured accurately in these samples.

Samoles of " Dark" and " Light" Colored Paste -Thermal profiles of the tested samples demonstrated a significant difference in the phase composition of these samples. The CAH10 peak in the " light" sample is absent, whereas this peak is still present in the dark sample. Furthermore, the " light" colored sample has a more pronounced hydrogarnet (C3AH6) peak than the " dark" colored sample. The presence of more C3AH6 in the " light" sample is an indication more conversion has taken place in this sample. However, accurate measurements of the actual degree of conversion cannot be made due to the sulfate and carbonated phases mentioned above. Crystalline Deposits -The thermal curve of the crystalline deposits found in the voids exhibits a number of endothermic peaks in the temperature range of 120-380*C due to a multi-step decomposition. XRD analysis determined that these deposits consist primarily of the carboaluminate sulfate hydrate designated "CCSAH" with the formula l (3CaO*Al2O3 2/ CACO 3*I/ CaSO411H2O). 3 3

/ Core Samples - X-Ray Diffraction analysis established the presence of hydrated sulfate phases (CCSAH, aft, and AFm phases)in the paste fraction of the submitted core samples. These phases are uncommon in the calcium aluminate hydrate system, especially in the relative amounts observed. The XRD analysis had also confirmed the presence of other hydrates such as carboaluminates, geblenite hydrate, Friedel's salt, and others. The DSC curves of these compounds are very complex. They are characterized by a scries of endothermic peaks below 350*C, with some of the peaks occuring within the same temperature range. This overlapping of decomposition peaks of different hydrates s complicates the DSC analysis, and it is impossible to separate and quantify the compounds involved. DSC testing of the in-situ samples produced thermal curves that exhibit endothermic peaks typically associated with the decomposition of Lumnite@ cement hydrates. In addition to these peaks, the thermograms demonstrate endothermic peaks in the temperature range of 140-220"C that are attributed to the presence of carboaluminates, sulfate-bearing hydrates, etc. The intensity (peak height ) of CAH10, gibbsite, and hydrogarnet decomposition peaks are likely affected by the presence of these compounds and peak overlapping phenomena. The extent of this influence depends on the amount of hydrates involved, and can vary from sample to sample. As shown by XRD and DSC results, the core paste samples have a very complex composition as a result of the interaction between water in contact with the HAC porous concrete and the portland cement grout and concrete. The " degree of conversion" in this type of a system cannot be characterized accurately. ___w

3 2 0 0 b T 0 5 2 1 8 1 A ^ 4 g T V 1 O 7 D 9 E E 9 T L A O 1 R T O 2 YH 0 R 1 S i 0 E E E 4 L 6 T T T A 1 A N T N E I I M M M U U L L A A O O B F R L A U C S O 0 S N 1 0 D O 2 M s R e A c D i N v A r T e S S E l C a N c E i R m E t n e i F m h E C R / 0 3 0 l 6 s 4 0' e 9 6 ^ i 0 r 5 5 1 o 0 ^ t g a W ro b 0 l 0 a 4 L 0' 4 T y E g N o E R l T A I h G o S O n B R h B O I Y 0 c G H 0 2 e 0' T 2 n y o i tc u r ^- 'l O t o s x n e o ^ C l i l 1'

mu n-0 2 \\ n 2 t 0 e-i m 0 8 8 ~ I 5 D A 1 m 1 1 T 4 ^ m 0 O 1 g W i E 7 9 L 9 O n 1 T a m 0 R 2 01 E 1 5 u L u 6 T 1 T m E M m I 0 u 4 m m u t m e 0 n 01 S r 4 m t a s u E e g e m L n o c P r r M a d e i g A y t v m o i 0 r u S r e H I 3 e m s t d b E H s b S i y i b G l a C b a m N i E G c u R 0 i 01 m E 3 e m F E h m R C a / e 3 2 s 1 0 e 4 I 2 7 7 i 9 9 9 l r 0 l e 5 4 e 4 dG o s ) ) 0 8 s dG 8 s n t a 3 y n 3 y aa a m 1 a aa a n r 1 " d n ~ d 0i 0 o 0i 1 m 01 E 0 1 m E 0 Hu 2 b em L 1 H u L Al a m 1 P Al P CA L u M r CA M r A o A o S f y S f g m u E T E T i 0 o n C C 1 l N 3 N 5 E 2 E 4 on R R t h m E t E F a F a c ma E E R d R d e e e 0 T E r E r 0! m T u T u 1 n m C o a I C I N ( ( N i M M t U U L L c sn u a /l O r s t m o s m x n u e o ^ C [ ,!ll l ll { l

0 0 \\ n 5 T 0 i m 0 7 8 3 21 A ^ T 4 g 1 V 1 5 D 0 O 7 E 9 L 9 O 1 T 2 0 R 1 0I 5 E L 6 T 1 T E M i 0 4 B 2 t C e n 0 N r 01 a 4 E g s R o e O r c C d [ v y e i H t E i 0 r T s i 3 e E b b E M S R L O i C G D T l N P D T O I O a O C T M B c 0 i <j m m 0i m m f C o o o 3 e ) r r A r /^ f f h f H s C E g' E E \\ P L L L U P P P M M M s K \\ 0 e A A A i 2 C S [ J S S i m1 O r M B - TT 8 B U 3^ T U U o / 0g S S S t 3 +V78 a 4 e 574 r 1 1 .9 0 9 o 0 3957 0I 8 B 2 b 777 5 B 00223 a 0 2 [1 2 2 L f k C C C a y e g t P E E E h h R R O g .t O O I 0 o R 1 l l i l d C C o C ae oi rH pW E E n E pt h g a T T T ekk rk E E c E aat a R R R e neexe C C C 0 T I PPEP N N N O O O 0t C C C n 1 o C C C i A A A t H H H c P P P u U U U /l 0 r K K K t o C C C x O O O s e M M M no ^ C

7 0 4 t\\ n 0 i s m 0 m r 8 1 u 4 A i1 T 4 ^ l 0 0 1 5 0 y 7 E 9 L 9 O 1 T 2 0 R 0i 1 E 5 L 6 T 1 T E M S N i 0 4 S E E N M t T E I d e S M C n I E r A C t P e P E e S g P n o 0 D S r E r 0I a R d 4 E E .4 g s O y R R o C H e O O r c L C d F y i O S v F H e E C S t e i 3 e 0 r E i M t s O S i T M b R s H O b F b R i b l G F G E a i L G c I L E P 0 i L 0I m M P (I A 3 e M S , g d A /< h n S E / C sA a T E S g T A \\ s S \\ P \\ s u K A \\ b i 0 e ( R P D 2 a i A E r D O R E o O 1 R 1 L J-t m^TT m^tT / O J - O C a 3 L T C g r 4 O m g 3W02 0 o 9 C 6W1 6 2 502 0I 9 2 b 1 430 T 4. 0 ~ 4 ^ 0 H 4709 a 5 K 9668 G 3 769 L 0 R 9 774 I 40228 A 40223 L 8 y O 6 k k a g a e e t P I 0 o 1 l t P h h o h h g .t l i l d n g . t l i l d ae oi h ae oi rH pW c rH pV g a e g a ekk rk ekkrk t aat a 0 T t aat a neexe 0I neexe I PPEP n 1 PPEP o I i tcu k /l O r t o s x n e o ^ C

2 0 T n 1 0 i 4 m 0 8 4 A T 4 1 0 0 i 5 0 7 E 9 L 9 O 1 T 2 0 R 1 0 5 E L 6 T 1 T E M f 0 o 1 4 S O I O V d 0 S 0 n T a 4 s I S S e O K c C i P A E R v 0 r D C i 3 e O R E S CE N I T l I ME L R a L nC c i N A 0 i O 0 m T OC 3 S N e Y US h R OU C FO C R / SO 3 TP s 0 e I I 2 4 SC i 9 OA r 0 PH o 5 E 0 O ta E r N 0 o I 0 L 2 b L a A L T S y Y g R i 0 o C 1 lon hce 0 T 0 n 1 o i tcu I O r 1 1 t o s ^ x g n e V o ^ C

M 0 0 3 Tx n 0 i m 0 L 8 6 i 4 A a T 4 W M 0 0 1 i 5 D ~ 7 E 9 L 9 O 1 T 0 R 2 0i E 1 5 L 1 6 T J - m^TT T 1 T g E 5W89 M 7 996 i 0 2 7 4 6400 1 774 9O224 B 3 M k a N e t t P e 0 O h h n 0i I g .t r 4 d e s T l i l A ae oi E g M e C rH pW L o O 4 g a O r c T O P ekkrk O e i T L O t aat a I y T neexe M H e O v I PPEP i 0 r t B i 3 e M M s M S O O b O E R R b R T F F l i F E G a E R E E c L L L 0 i C P P P N M M M 30i m O A A A e S S S h C / / C B B C U / B U U s A S S S \\ H N s g i 0 e > N 2 F s i S B B B r E o / t N 3 N N a O O O r 4 I I m I 0 9 T T o VE T 0i 0 A A A 2 b 5 C C C a O O 0 L L O L L M M M y O O m O g R R RF i 0 o F F 1 l E E o T T T n E E E h R R R c C C C e N N N O O O 0 T C C C 0i n 1 C C C o A A A H H H i t F F F c m-S S S u E E E /i O r t o s x n e o ^ C l{llllll ll. llL lllllllll l1 o

l I l 4 0 T n 1 0 i m 0 0 5 8 1 1 A ^ T 4 g 1 V 0 0 I 5 0 7 E 9 9 L O 1 T 2 1 0 R J - 0 m^tI E 1 T 5 L g 6 9W01 T 1 0 874 T 0 4 E 3591 2 673 M 1 0229 7 I 0 4 k a t 0 e e t P n d h h r g .t a N l i l d g O ae oi o 0 0 I rH pW r 4 T g a d s A ekkrk y M e t aata E H C neexe L O c O P PPEP O T I i C T L O T e O v I 0 r M t B I 3 e i M M s M S E O O b O R T R b R F l E F i F G a R E E E c C L L L 0 i N P P P 0 m M j[ M M 3 O A A A e C S j S S h y C C B B B U A U U S H s S S g s \\ I 20 e F i S O r E O O o / t 3 N N N a 4 O O O r 9 I I 0 I T o T T 0 0 A A A 2 b 5 C C C a 0 O O O L L L L M M M y O O O g R R R F F I 0 o F 1 l E o E E T T T n E E E h R R R c C C C e N N N O O O 0 T C C C 0 1 n C C C o A A A H H H i t F F F c S S S u E E E I O r o t x s e n ^ o C l l

mmu 3 0 ~ \\ n T 1 0 i m 0 a 3 1 1 8 m 1 u A ^g T 5 W n 2 v0 1 5 0 m 1 0 0 a 7 E 9 L 9 O a 1 T m u R 0I 1 E 5 1 J - C L m m^*T 6 T m T 1 g T i 3W56 E 8 756 M i 0 um 1 8 4489 2 666 4 n 5O229 5 E k a m e t u t P e s N h h n 0 O g .t r 0f I l i l d a 4 m T ae oi E g M s A rH pW L o O e su g a O r T C P ekkrk C d T c O O t aat a I i y 0 L T neexe M H 8 v a I PPEP 0 r m M M e i 3 e u M O O t O S R R R i E F F s F T b m l E E E b E a m L L i L R P P G c u P C M M 0 i M N A A 0I m A O S S 3 e m j S h u C / B B B m [ U C U U C S S S A H m N s u K i 2 n 0 e F E ,s E i E N S r E o a N N / N t m O O 3 O a u I I I 4 T T r T i 0 9 A A o A 0I 0 C C C 2 b m 5 O O O a u L L 0 L L m M M M O O O y m-R R R g F F F E E i 0 o u_ 1 l E T T T o E n E E R R u R h u C C C N N c m N O O e O C C C 0. T 0f a C C C 1 n A m __ A A H H o u H i F F F t S S S c n E E E u u_ P /l O r n t o s x u n e u ^ o m C !ll l llll l!

MERCURY INTRUSION POROSIMETRY Method Mercury intrusion porosimetry was used to determine the sub-microscopic pore size distribution in laboratory-prepared Lumnite reference samples, one mockup core, and seven ESF HAC porous concrete cores. Samples obtained as previously described for XRD and DSC analysis were crushed to pass a No. 30 U. S. Standard sieve. Samples were obtained and stored under moist, carbon-dioxide-free nitrogen until analysis. Porosimetry was performed using a Quantachrome Autoscan 60 porosimeter at Particle Technology Labs, Ltd., Downers Grove, Illinois by Richard Karuhn, PTL President. Findings Three representative porosimeter reports are attached. The results for a sample of Lumnite HAC hydrated for 10 days at 23*C indicate a bimodal submicrometer pore size distribution with maxima at 50 nm and below 5 nm. The median pore size is 35 pm. These measurements represent the pores developed in Lumnite paste during 6 P us gibbsite. The small early age while kept cool, with little conversion of CAH o to C AH l i 3 size of these pores is consistent with published literature values. The results for a sample of Mockup core B2-B (cored when the mockup was 3 weeks old and processed for analysis at approximately 10 weeks of age) reveal the absence of the finest pores and an increase in the amount of the 50 nm pores. The median pore size is 9 pm. Significant porosity in the range from one to one hundred micrometers exists in both these specimens. The results for a composite sample of HAC paste taken from several 38 mm diameter cores at ESF location E indicate a maximum in the pore size distribution centered on one micrometer with little submicrometer porosity. There is a minimum in the pore size distribution at 20 - 50

m. The median pore size for this sample is 2 m. Results are similar for samples taken from ESF location D and for sub-samples of D and E cores representing top, middle, and bottom depths in the HAC porous concrete layer.

These results are generally consistent with published literature values for the development of micrometer-size porosity as conversion progresses. (See, for example, J. Jambor and J. Skalny, "Another Look at the Deterioration of Calcium Aluminate Cement Concrete," Materiales de Construccion, vol. 46, na. 241,1996.) This porosity is at the limit of ordinary microscopical visibility and is not readily apparent in the optical microscopy examinations performed on these samples. Normally, in HAC paste conversion, strength loss is associated with the conversion and with the subsequent development of porosity. However, in the ESF samples, additional chemical reactions have taken place producing carbonate and sulfate hydrates. Hydration has continued and further densification from gibbsite has reduced the median pore size in the ESF specimens to smaller than the median pore size in the mockup or early age reference samples. Therefore, strength should not have been decreased significantly compared to the mockup (day zero) samples.

Oate: 12/05/97 Page 9 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, INC. Quantachrome Autoscan Multiple Curves Data Report l Version 3.00 cata File #1........ SA7C0501.PRD Filling Apparatus 0 - 24 PSIA cata File #2........ SA7C0502.PRD Autoscan 60 1X 0 - 60000 PSIG 'g Surface Tension. 480.00 erg /cm2 Hg Contact Angle.... 140.00 o inimum Delta Vol... 0.050 % FS Moving Point Avg.... 25 ercury volume normalized by sample weight

- - LUMNITE IIAC REFERENCE SAMPLE - 10 Days Cure @ 23 C ***

dV/dlosP vs. Diameter 2.763-2.432- - - + + - - : - + - ( .i4..I+i +- e..i4.e. e. +. +. +. - .ib. ' 2.215-e.i 4.i4. +. - 1.333- ?!+ t i + - +ti !+ +- i+t +tt < it:+ 6 1.662-4 ? i4 + - - - - i+-+- 3 g i 1.385-bi+ !i it " +- i+ih++; - ii"+e - iii '+ + - g +!+>+ +.- " 1.108- +:+!+ > + i.t.ti i + i+t i i 4-0.031-

-+-

-- +. +14ee 0.554-4.+. ii4. ~ +. - +- i41i+ 4. >. +- b..i4.~ +. +. +-

1. &. ~ i.

F+.!- +! : + : ! + > +t!+t : - + its< 9.2??- >i! 0.000. l 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Diameter Cum) X-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... pm I Y-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... cc/g x 1E-1 l

1 Date: 12/05/97 Page 6 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, INC. Quantachrome Autoscan Multiple Curves Data Report Version 3.00 Data File

1........

SA7C0501.PRD Filling Apparatus 0 - 24 PSIA Data File

2...

SA7C0502.PRD Autoscan 60 1X 0 - 60000 PSIG Hg Surface Tension.. 480.00 erg /cm2 Hg Contact Angle.... 140.00 o Minimum Delta Vol... 0.050 % FS Moving Point Avg.... 25 Mercury volume normalized by sample weight

- - LUMNITE HAC REFERENCE SAMPLE - 10 Days Cure @ 23 C ***

Percent Volume vs. Diameter 100.0-i!

90. 0 --

80.0-iiii i i - iiii - 70.0-ii iI !!!ii iii ' j i - o i-e C o H gg,g. . +.. .. ; + ;... o D a 50.0-iii: ~,!- ' ii ifi ~i ' i-c U U 40.0-i+ Ht++; +>++ +- it? + + - !i : + - g U n. 30.0- - - - - + - -~ - !+i- - + - +!--- ni 20.0- ' i! iii 4!i! i!i ~i ! - 10.0- !i. - !i!i! iii<. + i - .!ii! 0.02. 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Diameter (um) 1 X-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... pm 1 Y-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... % x 1E0

ate: 11/13/97 Page 9 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, INC. Quantachrome Autoscan Multiple Curves Data Report Version 3.00 ata File

1........

SA7B1304.PRD Filling Apparatus 0 - 24 PSIA .ta File

2........

SA7B1305.PRD Autoscan 60 10X 0 - 6000 PSIG mta File #3........ SA7B1306.PRD Autoscan 60 1X 0 - 60000 PSIG g Surface Tension.. 480.00 erg /cm2 Hg Contact Angle.... 140.00 o inimum Delta Vol... 0.050 % FS Moving Point Avg.... 25 arcury volume normalized by sample weight

- - MOCKUP CORE B2-B Approx. 3 weeks old at coring ***

dV/dlosP vs. Diameter 2.868-2.581- -i4+--+ - -4 +! - - f-i+1- !+; - - - .t ( l 2.235- .i.i..i-I -14i.i ...iii -l -

6. i.i i. i. i -

ii. i4. i 4.. b ? g: :. 2.008- +i !. - t-

!+-

!+!+! ti m. ! ! !. !i!. r ! + 1.721- - !+ + ;- +- - b4+ - I +- -+i-i -!;+b - -

4. i4. 2 i-,.

1.434-

6. i..-

6. i 4. "~.i-i -i.--i.-

-i6.i.4..i+ -i4. i+i-* * +- 1.147- "i+iti - - + !+ i-i-+. -!+!+!- -! - -t!+ti-!-! -!- -!t!++ 0.860- - i+ f +-- - - - i+i - +- - i i+ -. - +!;': +- 4 +i- + + - -- 0.574-i.+. +, -

4. i 4..".i-,.i- --

".i 4..i.~ i. ".;.- .i" .Fi.+. i- "i. - -i6. i4. +. 2. i+tti ~!-+ -!i.t. t + 0.287- + ! + ~ t. + - -!+!+! +- 0 800 I 5 I 5 I 5 I 5 I 5 I 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Diameter Cum) X-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... m Y-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... cc/g x 1E-1

r i I l Date: 11/13/97 Page 6 l PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, INC. Quantachrome Autoscan Multiple Curves Data Report Version 3.00 Data File #1........ SA7B1304.PRD Filling Apparatus 0 - 24 PSIA l Data File #2........ SA7B1305.PRD Autoscan 60 10X 0 - 6000 PSIG Data File #3........ SA7B1306.PRD Autoscan 60 1X 0 - 60000 PSIG Hg Surface Tension.. 480.00 erg /cm2 Hg Contact Angle.... 140.00 o 1 Minimum Delta Vol... O.050 % FS Moving Point Avg.... 25 Mercury volume normalized by sample weight

- - MOCKUP CORE B2-B Approx. 3 weeks old at coring ***

Percent Volume vs. Diameter 100.0-30,8 .........4.. ..:.4 3 . !.3.;...p... 80.0-4 6. i. ' 4i4 + +- ..i + i.;

6. i 4. +. +. +. - -

-iF.i4. +. -

e!+!~ -

70.0- -!i !+ +' i- "4- +"i-i+i' ' t t + ' o a 3 r-f gg,g. ,;4 ]. + 4 +...+. .+;+.

+;....

o +; i+ -i-

l. i.4. +. i-+ -

-1614. +. : : e 50.0-o 61 f ;4+ +. c o U eH+ i+i ' '. - +. - ' i+i +

40.0-i+

+ - g o c. 30.0- -- + i i - - !+ ! - i-7 -i i i i - !-:! i i : - iii++. : iiii ! i i iliii ' i-i ! -l - iiii+ - 20.0-ii 10.0-i'- -lii+i~ "i- '-i".-- "ii +'. 0.0. 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 l 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 l Diameter O m) X-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... pm Y-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... % x 1E0

@ ate : 12/06/97 Page 8 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, INC. Quantachrome Autoscan Multiple Curves Data Report Version 3.00 eSata File #1........ SA7C0605.PRD Filling Apparatus 0- 24 PSIA <ata File #2........ e> SA7C0606.PRD Autoscan 60 1X 0 - 60000 PSIG

g Surf ace Tension.. 480.00 erg /cm2 Hg Contact Angle.... 140.00 t

pinimum Delta.Vol... O.100 % FS Moving Point Avg.... 25 I Tercury volume normalized by sample weight

- - ESF COMF0 SITE "E MIDDLE" ***

dV/dlosP vs. Diameter 4.192- \\ \\ 3.773-i,- 3.354- ..+

n.,.

.s - <+> ~,.~ s - s -.c - - - u.+. m.. < .~<.. 's" +- - s.c + c - - s -! + ! + + -- > i !+ i i-!-!" 2.335-i+ i +!+ -fi !et -i- - 2.515- --.+ 4 -- - i 2.096- +. +.i 4 ;; -i.i 4. ' - -i - ' -i 4. i + i- ,l.i-i- - - i + i 4. +. - ; -i - -

x o9-

,-.t-5+,i. i-:.t -!-.. --.!i.3 9 +.. 1,677 , u, +. -!96 6 m... 1 p 6 1.258- ~~ : :.. - - - -~4!+++ -: i+--

i++~ -

---!+: r 0.838- - " + > ' < .- + " + > ' - ' - - -.".+.i..>--+.-.i- <+>"'~i-'- 0.413-i+ it i + - ~ 9 ! + + + ! ' ~ + " +t!+!-i- +- i+: . -'--i- ~!i. tit. i-* -i-0.000. 2 5 2-5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Diameter (#m) l 4 X-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... m Y-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... cc/g x 1E-1 j

I Date: 12/06/97 Page 5 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, INC. Quantachrome Autoscan Multiple Curves Data Report Version 3.00 Data File #1........ SA7C0605.PRD Filling Apparatus 0 - 24 PSIA Data File #2........ SA7C0606.PRD Autoscan 60 1X 0 - 60000 PSIG Hg Surface Tension.. 480.00 erg /cm2 Hg Contact Angle.... 140.00 Minimum Delta Vol... 0.100 % FS Moving Point Avg.... 25 Mercury volume normalized by sample weight

- - ESF COMPOSITE "E MIDDLE" ***

Percent Volume vs. Diameter 100.0-90.0- -- ' - i - - !4+ - iii: + -i- - -iii h

80.0-i--

+ - g E 33 3.!.. 5.i.n.. 3. 3...!.. . 33 3.;,.3... 70,9 . 3. !..,, c m I 3 H S0.0-4:-- i! - - - i : + -- --iii--- o o s 50.0-ii iii ii i i- - -i-iii -i- !- - i!i c y U 40.0-i+ rf i '+!+i - iti <-!-!- !- iti + < + t y L 30.0- - i i i - - -- i-i i!- -:i- - ii -- !i i i ! - - - 20.0-ii i i-i;iii ii

i i -

ii-10,0 ...,,..3.. ... 3 3 3.!. !... ,,. 3..

3. !.p.. 3..,... !...

. 3 5 3 3 3.... 5.. 0.0, 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 I Diameter Cum) l X-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... pm Y-AXIS SCALE UNIT..... % x 1EO 1 l I h L

u een SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYTICAL DATA

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTLID Petro Description Mockup B2-A 926655 Core B2-A (diameter = 5.9 in.; length = 10.0 to 11.8 in.) The sample consists of relatively dense, well consolidated concrete. Only a few large ( 0.7 in. maximum length) entrapped air voids are seen. Aggregates appear well graded to 0.8 in, nominal top Appearance when received size. Coarse and fine aggregates are siliceous, mainly quartz and feldspar-rich igneous and metamorphic rock types. Paste is medium gray, moderately hard, and paste-aggregate bond is moderately tight. The broken end of the core exhibits fracture mostly around the coarse fh,(f f. :.M %'. <N ',. } 74 L. aggreg tes. 3 5y4( :. -.. ,e :4;) p-9 r ny

c.p 4,

r sy .. 3; ; _ . _. [ I ' '? - f. ' +, Sampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/1/97 X Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Othar

Millstone lli Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA SampleID CTLID Petro Description Mockup B2-B 926655 Core B2 - B (diameter = 5. 9 in.; length of porous HAC concrete = 9.0 in.; thickness of PC grout layer = 1.7 in.) The PC grout layer is not physically attached to the porous HAC concrete. The PC grout 3 layer contains siliceous aggregates graded to No,4 E Appearance when received top size, uniformly distributed in a medium gray paste. The paste is hard and relatively dense. Entrapped air content is estimated at 3 to 5%. Paste-aggregate bond is tight. Patches of brown HAC paste adhere to the surface of the grout layer. A rubberized membrane is adhered to the opposite .[* '; e%v

M,g*

v y; surface of the grout. The porous HAC concrete c 9-jk: J consists of siliceous aggregates (No. 4 to 3/4 in.) JA coated with HAC paste. Paste distribution in the M [7i N h(f(f*.j HAC concrete is nonuniform. However, most .f ? 3 4. $.,", { (4 d A few aggregates are well coated with paste., aggregates lack paste coatmg over a portion of the surface of the aggregate. The maximum size of observed voids is 1 in. The paste is hard (resists scratching by a hardened-steel probe). Paste-aggregate bond appears tight. Paste color is Sampled date/ time Received at CTL predominantly light brown with a few ameboidal darker patches. A 0.3 to 0.6-in.-thick layer of HAC 10/01/97 grout is tightly adhered the end of the HAC concrete opposite the PC grout. X-Ray Diffraction J ThermalAnalysis I Other True powder density of HAC paste by helium 3 pycnometer = 2.52 g/cm

l Millstons lll Porous Concrcto SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA SampfsID CTL ID Petro Description Meckup C2-A 926668 Core C2-A (diameter = 5.9 in.; length = 9.0 in.) The porous HAC concrete consists of siliceous aggregates (No. 4 to 3/4 in.) coated with HAC paste. Paste distribution in the HAC concrete is App:2rcnce when received H" " "Y *EEE

" Y with paste (minimum coating thickness measured 0.005 in.). Irregular void pockets in the concrete are typically no larger than 1 in across. Several elongated void pockets are observed. The maximum length of observed voids is 3 in. The paste is hard (resists scratching by a hardened-steel probe).

Paste-aggregate bond appears tight. Paste color is predominantly light brown with a few ameboidal darker patches. A 0.3 to 0.7-in.-thick layer of HAC grout is tightly adhered the end of the HAC concrete opposite the PC grout. The grout consists of siliceous sand graded to No. 8 top size uniformly distributed in HAC paste. The paste is relatively hard and dense. Estimated air content is 2 to 3%. Sampled datenime Received at CTL 10/2/97 1 X Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Othsr

1 Millstons til Porous Concrcto SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sunple ID CTLID Petro Description Mackup C2-B 926668 Core C2-B (diameter = 5.9 in.; thickness = 1.5 to 1.6 in.) The PC grout layer is not physically attached to the porous HAC concrete. A rubberized membrane is adhered to one surface. The opposite 3 surface has a soft powdery coating that may have 3 Appearance when received been produced by grinding when the sample was cored. Powder was collected for analysis. The PC grout layer contains siliceous aggregates graded to No. 4 top size, uniformly distributed in a medium gray paste. The paste is hard and relatively dense. Entrapped air content is estimated at 3 to 5%. Paste-aggregate bond is tight. Sampled dateifime Received at CTL 10/2/97 X-Ray Diffraction l top E middle bottom interface Mock-up top HAC: AH3, C2AH8, CAH 10, C3AH6 ThermalAnalysis Mock-up middle HAC: AH3, C3AH6, CAH10, C2AH8 Mock-up bottom HAC: AH3, C3AH6, CAH10, C2AH8 Othtr

Millstons ill Porous Concreta SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Simple ID CTLID Petro Description Mockup C4-A 926654 Core C4-A (diameter = 5.9 in.; length = 9.0 in.) The porous HAC concrete consists of siliceous aggregates (No. 4 to 3/4 in.) coated with HAC paste. Aggregates are generally well coated with paste. "E Appearanca when received maximum size of vo d pockets is 1 in. Paste i distribution in the HAC concrete is nonuniform. Paste color is predominantly light brown. The paste is hard (resists scratching by a hardened-steel probe). Paste-aggregate bond appears tight. A 0.3 to 0.8-in.-thick layer of HAC grout is tightly adhered one end of the porous HAC concrete. The grout consists of siliceous sand graded to No. 8 top size uniformly distributed in HAC paste. The paste is relatively hard and dense. Estimated air content is 2 to 3%. Simpi:d datAime Received at CTL 10/01/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other I l

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description Mockup C4-B 926654 Core C4-B (diameter = 5.9 in.; thickness of PC l grout layer = 2.1 to 2.2 in.) No rubberized a membrane is present. However, an impermeable barrier impression is observed on one paste-rich a surface. This surface also exhibits rounded and l Appearance when received irregularly shaped bubbles. The surface is somewhat powdery. The opposite surface exhibits concentric grinding markings indicating that the PC grout layer had debonded from the porous HAC concrete. The PC grout consists of siliceous sand graded to No. 4 '~ Ne 7 .g % top size, uniformly distributed in a light to medium .f d 4 y C; gray, relatively hard, relatively dense paste. j Entrapped air voids up to 0.3 in. across are observed g, _ v.gk g i but large voids generally are not abundant. c' i.,f

p yt gv 4'

Paste-aggregate bond is tight. Estimated air content .,i 7,, s <, 7, A.. r.; p f / is 3 to 5%. v- ,,g Sampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/01/97 I X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other I

i Millstona Ill Porous Concreto SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample 10 CTL D Petro Description A1 ccre 3" - 15" at Millstone Appe:rince when received Simpled dateAime Received at CTL 9/30/97 X-Ray Diffraction l ThermalAnalysis Oth1r

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description A1 core 15" - 22" at Millstone core Appearance when received Sampled dateifime Received at CTL 9/30/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other )

Millstone lli Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description A1 core 22" - 29.5" 926676 Core Al 22 to 29.5 in. Core diameter is 2 in. The core sample consists of dense portland cement concrete. No deterioration is observed. Paste properties are good; paste is hard, medium gray, with a subvitreous luster. Paste-aggregate bond is tight. Distribution of Appearance when received paste, aggregates, and air is generally uniform. .....u,,,um,,,,,,,,,,mmir.,;,m,m,,,,n,,nt,.ni,y,n,,,,,,. 3,,i:' Some clustering of small air voids occurs around the ii imi > aim im MIE3 coarse aggregates. Air voids are empty; interior ime. alii.t if,,,tii,l.I,ni,1,,,,.,1,i,s..,1,,,,,,lJ ,,,,,,,,,l,l,'g,,g,,7 Paste is shiny. A small piece of rebar was cut during the corm, g and has subsequently dislodged from the concrete. Paste in the impression is free of deposits. . ],%& (l:? sk.. ., M. :.';;

5..

Sampled datchme Receivedat CTL 9/30/97 10/6/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description A1 core 29.5" - 33" 926679 inci HAC mortar Appearance when received we b lj h' i 'Ri 25 kb 111 8.i k [ k'~1 Sampled datenime Receivedat CTL 9/30/97 10/6/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other l l

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVAllONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description A1 core HAC 33" - 926678 41.5" (2 pieces) Appearance when nxeived Sampled dateAime Receivedat CTL 9/30/97 10/6/97 X-Ray Diffraction Al dark HAC paste light HAC paste subt mottled 11/4/97 sub2 mottled 11/4/97 Sub 1 mottled 11/4/97: CAH10, AH3, C2AH8 Therma / Analysis subt mottled 11/4/97sub2 mottled 11/4/97 Sub 2 mottled 11/4/97: AH3, C3AH6, CAH10 light HAC paste: C3AH6, AH3, C3ACSH12 dark HAC paste: CAH10, AH3, C3AH6 Other

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA I Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description A1 core 41.5" - 42.25" 926680 HAC Appearance when received I 11 2 3 4 5 .Mb ..~.-. hti:il!$tillilllktilttiil5511tlis:tlIi:HmiI:n91uiit:Imdi$tinil$1;ttiill[W!killbi!U11dnhrili Sampled datenime Received at CTL 9/30/97 1400 10/4/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

i Millstono lil Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA t Simp:2 ID CTL10 Petro Description A1 mortar 926800 Appear:ncs when received I l l S;mpled datenime Receivedat CTL 10/3/97 2345 10/13/97 X Riy Diffraction ThermalAnalysis i Oth1r 1 l

Millstone ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description A1 reinforcing steel 926677 fragment Appearance when received Sampled datenime Received at CTL 9/30/97 10/6/97 X-Ray Diffraction I I g rh.-,,n.,,,,, Other

1 l l Millstone lli Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sampla ID CTL ID Petro Description E3 core 27 5/8" - 34" 926993 The core diameter is 1.5 in. The sample represents 1.7 in. of intact portland cement concrete and several chips from above the intact portion, approxirnately 0.5 in. of HAC mortar, and the remaining several inches of the core represents porous HAC concrete Appearance when received of which 0.3 in. is intact and the remainder consists . of fragments. The portland cement concrete is w r. ~ - ,l uniform and paste properties are good (as previously , i I.,.. y,' 1'g[ . ( f *f 7 :~. described). Dark rims are present on some coarse TN i ' yi.c [3 aggregates. The portland cement concrete and HAC .~C. mortar are well bonded. Crystalline deposits are ' Y, observed on the broken fragments and in the voids in the intact portion of the porous HAC concrete. A bulk subsample was collected from paste g I '- (k k, throughout the porous HAC concrete. . '."?t"'ZWgy,,2r.1!T. T ,,,. =. ,7 -, f, ? aw:; :::= - ( ,h iEigge T 4: -,:.g . ;$,,5,," y@gg Y *, Q'.g b,o Sampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/24/97 2100 10/23/97 X-Ray Diffraction E3 HAC: CCSAH, C3 ACCH 12. C3A1/2CC1/2CH.HI1, C3AH6. AH3, C3ACSH12, C2 ASH 8, CAH10, C3A3CSH32 ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description E2 core HAC 30" - 926992 The core diameter is 1.5 in. The sample includes 2.2 41.5" to 2.7 in. of the dense portland cement concrete, approximately 0.5 in. HAC mortar, and 8 to 9 in. of porous HAC concrete. The core fractured close to the bondline between the portland cement concrete Appearance when received and the HAC mortar. The fracture surface is in the L ~ pin Opggg upper 0.04 in of the mortar. Exposed voids in the ggg,. h) HAC mortar are filled with compact masses of white k gp'W' :"q ettringtite needles. A complete fracture throught the 4 46 porous HAC concrete occurs at a depth of 34.5 in. ~ The bottom 0.5 in. of the porous HAC concrete is also broken into chunks. Deterioration is not observed in any of the layers but dark rims are present on the coarse aggregates in the portland

cement concrete. Paste properties in the portland yg%

ra mg " cement concrete are good. The paste is hard, ML "N E. :: I medium gray, with subvitreous luster, and ikh eZCbm wd paste-aggregate bond in moderately tight. Air voids q q J 1 r ;; %e m & e < e g g a m the PC concrete are typically empty. The porous awm .wkst HAC concrete is undercompacted where the upper gw wm fracture occurred. Ettringite deposits are present in Samplad date4/me Received at CTL voids exposed at the fracture. A thin layer of crystalline deposits is present in voids throughout the 10/23/97 2010 10/23/97 porous HAC concrete. Heavy deposits occur in voids in the bottom 2 in. Paste-aggregate bond is relatively tight and the paste is relatively hard. maay Deaction Between the top and bottom of the HAC concrete, no E2 HAC @41": CCSAH, C3ACSH12, significant differences in paste color or hardness are C3 ACCH 12, C3A1/2CC1/2CH.Hi l, C3AH6, observed. Subsamples were taken from HAC AH3, C2 ASH 8, CAH10 mortar at the fracture and in porous HAC at 35,38, and 41 in. E2 HAC @38": CCSAH, C3ACSH12, C3 ACCH 12, C2 ASH 8, C3AH6, AH3, CAH10 ThermalAnalysis E2 HAC @35": CCSAH, C3ACSH12, C3ACCHl2, C3AH6, AH3, CAH10, C2 ASH 8 E2 HAC mortar: C3 ACCH 12, CCSAH, C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11, C3A3CSH32, C2 ASH 8, AH3 Other

Y SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND $gillstone 111 Porous Concrete TL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA kmpleID CTLID Petro Description 31 core HAC 39.5" - 926991 00" l ppe:rincs when received i ..p o9,

nip, 1[Uh5([

*tse!sesammmmwrme

-citg g. qo;

; m:

,, m. - E Bar . Ceee E % u oo i.. 40.* 28dpgA a.

7..Cb!!.. if.._f 1'If 21[l ub I. [b hb5

@ampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/24/97 0150 10/23/97 M-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Oth:r

Millstone lli Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND l CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description E1 core 25.5" - 30" 926989 The diameter of the core is 2.2 in. The sample represents well-consolidated dense portland cement concrete and contains a portion of a 1-in.-diameter rebar. The steel is free of corrosion and is firmly bonded to the concrete. Distribution of aggregates, Appearance when rece/ved paste, and air voids is generally uniform. Air voids are small (mostly 1 mm and smaller) and tend to cluster at the aggregate interface. Paste-aggregate bond is tight to moderately tight. Paste properties are 'n good. The paste is medium gray, hard, and dense, and exhibits subvitreous luster. No subsamples ' ' ~ ~ were taken. L& n i&IJIM E & al.iE M E En h u u 4 f.f${N-;d; 'f~~ 6,4,ww. ? M ed to Ost 1997 0045 hrt Sampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/24/97 0045 10/23/97 X Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other I

Millstone Ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA SemieID CTL ID Petro Description / E1 core 30" - 39.5" 926990 The diameter of the core is 1.5 in. The core consists of 3.2 in. of dense portland cement concrete. 0.3 to 1.0 in. HAC mortar, and approximately 5 in. of porous HAC concrete. The core fractured within the portland cement concrete approximately 0.07 in. A p;arance when received above the contact with the HAC mortar. White P gggyE ? f:,g. ettringite deposits fill small air voids revealed on the gy pNygieg ' ' 1 L. c4 j fracture surface. The HAC mortar is tightly bonded w..M f@[9: 4 J.nc JfM,<.m:

- - - W.c d. a e c e v.i to the portland cement concrete and no specific AgN kMV%44$ M deterioration is observed along the fracture surface.

' Damage probably occurred during coring. Paste 'L properties of the concrete are good. The paste is hard and medium gray with subvitreous luster. ,1 Paste-aggregate bond is moderately tight to tight. ee z.: -. The porous HAC portion of the core is fractured at a ~y;q$. . ~. - o- ., ]WQ6E'3.*[' Q,l depth of 38 in. The area of the fracture appears .j'1 - 7 ,.R jj slightly undercompacted. Fractures pass through 9d 63 E Ei:T. W, JM.? paste that does not appear altered. Overall, the HAC l iM(jg%4 s... 77, @mugg:l22 ? :pe paste is relatively hard and does not exhibit mottled . hzu%$e iP m de we coloration. Paste-aggregate bond is relatively tight. r Voids throughout the porous HAC are thinly coated Sampled datedirne Received at CTL with crystalline deposits. Deposits are heaviest in the bottom 3 in. of the core. Subsamples taken 11/6 10/24/97 0115 10/23/97 from 35 in.,38 m., and 39.5 in. X-Ray Dtitraction El sub @ 35": C3ACSH12, CCSAH, C3AH6, AH3, C3 A3CSH32, C3 Al/2CC1/2CH.H11 CAH10 El sub @ 38": C3ACSH12, CCSAH, C3AH6, AH3, C3A3CSH32, C3 Al/2CC1/2CH.H11, CAHl0 ThermalAnalysis 1 El sub @ 39.5": C3ACSH12, CCSAH, C3AH6, AH3, C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11, C3 ACCH 12, CAH10, C2 ASH 8 Other

Millstone Ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description E core HAC 31" - 926996 Core E 31 to 41.5 in. Diameter of the core is 6 in. 41.5" The sample represents the lower 2 to 2.5 in. of the dense portland cement concrete,0.5 to 0.7 in. of HAC mortar, and the full thickness (approximately 8 in.) of the porous HAC concrete. The bottom Appearance when received surface of the core is essentially flat. The layers are [Ep y["?"'N PM"$4TfWi well bonded with no specific evidence of distress. [y%MO* -gyy < Constituents of each layer are generally uniformly "n Q distributed. Subtle mottling of paste color is M oZ observed throughout the porous HAC concrete. h N Lighter colored paste is softer than darker paste. The M bottom 4 to 5 in. of the porous HAC concrete is [f-{If somewhat undercompacted. Paste coatings on ts )E [r gW aggregates in the undercompacted regions are locally as r thin or absent. Crystalline (tabular and acicular) )[f' ^ IN deposits are present as crusts lining voids throughout 1'wwry diVN!! the porous HAC concrete. Deposits are heaviest in ,g a_,,," hME[D% the bottom 6 in. of the porous HAC. =L_. 1, b,,$i. %L u.AO, .-~~w' ~~~^~T. LU ~ ~L. a.xu v Sampled datettime Receivedat CTL 10/28/97 0030 10/29/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis iOther True powder density by helium pycnometer of 1.5-in diameter E cores: -top = 2.70 middle = 2.60 bottom = 2.59

Millstone lli Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Samplo ID CTL ID Petro Description E core 41.5" - 44 926997 7/8 " Appearance when received {' vg. . o fs4 tr. Q .s.,.' g _'. 'l _l c '.Y; '.

9 5;

3. I f.,.

_~. '. Mp ; :.W q g, e,

(

..[. -. - w,, .p .;g[}3. er .,J p; g. h'" k ,A . egy. -v

?,N,1$fh]?if[mf,.;.

K hem '. .,..;EW3 1m.r.y',,.qme:..,; r.m; _- p:;::~A e w: mon. z.., ~. W. c.. v.- :. _;;t, msg _ -i : =- ~ e V* , 9 Qiu ' '- 1 n: Sampled datenime Received at CTL 10/28/97 0110 10/29/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Othar I

Millstone lli Porous Concreto SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND @TL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA ?cmpl> ID CTL ID Petro Description D4 coro 16 to 30.5 in. 927055 Core diameter is 2.2 in. The core is broken into two with robar segments; 10 in. and 4.5 in., respectively. The sample is heavily coated with mud. The sample represents the dense portland cement concrete and contains large diameter rebar, possibly No. I1, Appfarance when received ernbedded at one end of the longer core segment. No ) 4 - evidence of steel corrosion is observed. The .. s a. s,.:. f -

4. ggt.u..:me.T ':kf3..r. ;..

ca qq 7 3. D'..y[.... s..z.. .i t concrete is well consolidated. Paste-aggregate bond .g,;g$y J.?;y.,Kl.j ;..,.... :. 7 A is tight to moderately tight. The paste is hard with a j .,... p;,3.a y;;R;.c;: y qqy r rg .H subvitreous luster. Paste, aggregates, and air void distribution is uniform. Dark rims are boserved around many of the coarse agt,regates as the sample dries. Evidence of specific distress, such as cracks, 4 is not observed. No subsamples were taken. l. ~,. j; F. A'?.. . m ': : -. i.': 2 . t;. J y;.p,,y. ; p;. %;*?; ' e.

.; N. r{t d.,$.' C'
.;. '- 3.a) ip;pp) ; b.': ;,';.

t.- n er.. .c.. Sampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/29/97 2110 11/5/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstona 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Proj::ct 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA S:mple ID CTL ID Petro Description D4 core 30.5 to 41.5 927056 Core diameter is 1.5 in. The sample represents the in. lower i to 1.3 in. of the dense portland cement concrete, HAC mortar (0.9 to 1.2 in. thick), and 9.0 in. of porous HAC concrete. The bottom end of the porous HAC is generally even and abraded (the core Appearance when received appears to have spun in the hole). The core is w:< mm v fractured transversely at the contect between the bg$g!hk [Mhk$#we.:ms%sg{h[ m e t

g Portland cement concrete and the HAC mortar. The fracture occurs within the HAC mortar.

No ygge. gg M deterioration is seen; ettringite masses are not observed. The core is also fractured transversely at a depth of 37.5 in. where the porous HAC is somewhat undercompacted. Voids in the porous d_ "E h e HAC are lined with crystalline deposits. Deposits ( m .j!Z are heaviest in the lower 3 in. The portland cement p$gg _.,,..y m.....p.,,,, W "P "..u _a si concrete is uniform. No distress is observed. Paste 9M M MN color and hardness in the HAC mortar and porous CMI@Q75NGE9p?M$798hhihIhjj$$@@?" y concrete appears uniform. The paste is moderately g wccm k m y ml9i.W soft when wet but hardens significantly when pcco sy

"'h*

allowed to dry. Subsamples were taken at 41 in., + 37 in., and 33 to 34 in. S:mpled datenime Received at CTL 10/29/97 2135 11/5/97 X-Ray Diffraction D4 @33-34" HAC: CCSAH, C3ACSH12, C3 ACCH 12, C3AH6, AH3, C2 ASH 8, CAH10 1 D4 @37" HAC: C3ACSH12, CCSAH.C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11, C3AH6, AH3, C2 ASH 8 ThermalAnalysis D4 @41: C3ACSH12, CCSAH,C3AH6, AH3, CAH 10, C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11, C3 ACCH 12, C2 ASH 8 I Olh*r I; I

Millstone Ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description D3 core 21.5" - 29.5" 926945 Core D3 21.5 to 29 in. Diameter of the core is 2.2 in. The sample represents the dense portland cement concrete and contains 1.5-in.-diameter steel rebar embedded at a depth of 25.5 in. (measured to the top of the steel). The rebar is properly encased. No Aopearance when received evidence of corrosion is observed. Aggregates, paste, and air voids are uniformly distributed. Paste-aggregate bond appears tight. Paste properties are good. The paste is medium gray, hard, and exhibits subvitreous luster. No secondary deposits ~ are present in the air voids. No evidence of distress is observed. .'.. $ ;./.(.' '~ Sampled datettime Receivedat CTL 10/20/97 2250 10/23/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other i l I i

Millstone Ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND = l CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description D3 core HAC 29.5" - 926946 41.5" Core D3 29.5 to 41.5 in. Diameter of the core is 1.5 in. The sample consists of dense portland cement concrete (approximately 1.6 in.), HAC mortar (1 in. maximum thickness), and porous HAC concrete. Appearance when received The upper 3 in. of the porous HAC concrete is intact <j 4 but exhibit pockets of underconsolidation. The > >;r remaining approximately 6 in. consists of chunks of Jt ~. .?. c' f.: - W t , @ r,/.- b*>c' ,s p varying sizes. These chunks are mainly aggregates fr' ~. bonded with paste or simply aggregates with partial ' ' ' J. ',., 4 N 4r - c;k.sl. coatings of paste. This portion of the sample may jT. j d * .M..j:n*. have been underconsolidated and appears to have ,q been mechanically broken. The:HAC paste is j N }f( g g. somewhat softer in this portion of the sample but 4, 3, . - f</vl, h does not exhibit characteristics typifying highly d ;~ -.. 3 u . 4. converted paste. The portland cement concrete is Ig . g.: 1 now disbonded from the HAC mortar although no Ill h <,

9..

S ' specific deterioration is observed along the contact. -w 9 4..?w TADy' *m Subsamples we-reportedly removed on Oct. 23 A.r r. ~ f ',. ,, 3 ~. M or 24 by FT. Sampled datenime Received at CTL 10/21/97 0017 10/23/97 X Ray Diffraction Thermal Analysis Other I

f Millstons lil Porous Concr;ta SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND f CTL Proj:ct 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sunpl)ID CTL ID Petro Description D2 care 30" - 41.75" 927054 Core diameter is 1.5 in. The sample represents the [ lower 2 in. of the dense portland cement concrete, I HAC mortar (0.5 to 1.1 in. thick), and approximately 9 in. of porous HAC concrete. The bottom surface is even with a heavy coating of { A Peatnce when received crystalline deposit in the exposed voids. A few thin P patches of light gray material, presumably portland cement mortar. The layers are well bonded and no j specific evidence of distress is observed. The sample is fractured transversely at a core depth of 35.5 in. Voids throught the porous HAC concrete l contain crystalline deposits. These deposits are I heaviest in the lower 6 in. of the concrete. The -m distribution of paste and voids is nonuniform in the siEf5IT= 'T MC . porous HAC; this layer is undercompacted g; approximately 35 to 39 in. Paste properties in the w. , Nil

dense portland cement concrete and in the HAC wi WgypM M 4 mortar are good. The paste is relative hard to hard, S.,L/*hM:d%$nie %og:y paste-aggregate bond is tight. The portlan Nh N

r Nf. man: I Lc h4;ur e 4

aw9p agj

>r 0 paste exhibits subvitreous luster. A subsample of interfacial material (HAC paste, deposits, and SImpled date4/me Received at CTL attached light gray material), and a composite 10/29/97 2330 11/5/97 subsample of representing paste from 35 to 39 in. were taken. X-R!y Diffraction D2 interface HAC-PC mortar @41.75": CCSAH, C3AH6, C3ACSH12, C2 ASH 8, AH3, C3A3CSH32, CAH10 D2 @35-39": CCSAH, C3ACSH12,C3AH6, AH3, f C3 ACCH 12, C3A3CSH32, C2 ASH 8, CAH10 ThermalAnalysis I f Oth:r i 1

I Millstone ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description D1 core 25.75" - 926987 The diameter of the core is 2.2 in. The sample 27.5" represents dense portland cement concrete and a segment of rebar. The concrete is well consolidated. Distribution of aggregates, paste, and air voids is uniform. Air void interiors are shiny and free of Appearance when received secondary deposits. Paste properties are good. The paste is medium gray, hard, and exhibits subvitreous luster. Paste-aggregate bond is tight to moderately tight. Although the rebar is not now bonded to the paste, the impression is free of deposits. No evidence of distress is observed. y ~ Sampled datenime Receivedat CTL 10/22/97 1930 10/23/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other r I i

Millstone lll Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description D1 core HAC 30" - 926988 The diameter of the core is 1.5 in. The sample 41.2 E " represents the lower 1.4 in, of the dense portland cement concrete, the HAC mortar (approximately { lin. thick), and tne porous HAC concrete. The i l ponland cement concrete, HAC monar, and the HAC Appearance when received concrete are firmly bonded. The porous HAC 37;.;.D ..pgy;ggygg,p;7;;7 fractured at a depth of 2 to 3 in, below the HAC %y mortar (approx. 34.4 to 35.4 in.). The porous HAC ~~ y 9.,7 g Y.. appears to be underconsolidated at the location of the fracture. Another broken segment 2.5 in. long (to - " p.g:lg core depth 37.9 in.) also has diagonally fractured 3.. - ends. The remaining approximately 3.4 in, consists . ' ". - of fragments of paste-coated and paste bonded c. egates. This portion of the core appears g._ .;,g,aggr mechanically damaged. Although the paste is slightly softer that the paste nearer the top of the y q.. ~ ig porous HAC concrete signifcant paste alteration and n . ~.; ~ J iM y gl;. As. deterioration is not observed. Voids throughout the ggg*W"m g7%g%) Three subsamples were take M6W be+c u4 w n ess @c u. h y* "s p y porous HAC contain white platy crystallm, e deposits. R;as -ane m y - approximately 34 in.,38 in., and a bulk sample from Sampled date/ time Received at CTL 38 to 41.25 in. 10/22/97 2130 10/23/97 I X-Ray Diffraction Di sub @ 34": CCSAH, AH3, C3 ACCH 12, C3Al/2CC1/2CH.1 IH, C3AH6, C3ACSH12, C3A3CSH32, C2 ASH 8, CAH10 i Di sub @ 38": CCSAH, C3ACSH12, C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11 AH3, C3AH6, C3 ACCH 12, C3 A3CSH32, C2 ASH 8, CAH10 ThermaIAnalysis D1 sub @ 38-41.25": CCSAH, C3AH6, AH3, C3 ACSH 12, C3 A3CSH32, C3 A l/2CC 1/2CH.H 11, C2 ASH 8, CAH10 Other

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description D core HAC 927052 Core diameter is 6 in. The core is intact and the sample represents HAC mortar (1 in. average thickness) and porous HAC concrete (approximately 9 in. thick). The bottom surface is essentially flat. The top surface of the HAC mortar is even, appears Apptarance when received clean and free of deposits. Voids in the porous HAC concrete are filled with chemical grout. The grout also exudes from the voids at the bottom surface of the porous HAC. HAC mortar and concrete are well bonded. Paste color and hardness are uniform throughout the sample. Distribution of aggregates, paste and voids is generally uniform. Specific evidence of distress is not observed.. m := c- =. w - (3 -. m ;g wy-+.,y... p i.,,..;,, y MJ gjj .ig *;"kr [, i ? Sampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/31/97 0415 11/5/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other True powder density by helium pycnometer of 1.5-in diameter D cores: top = 2.70 middle = 2.61 bottom = 2.72

Millstone ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description D core Mortar 927053 Core diameter is 6 in. The sample represents the portland cement mortar layer (3.2 in, thick) underlying the porous HAC concrete at location D. The bottom surface of the mortar is essentially flat with an impression of the underlying membrane. No Appearance when received deterioration is observed at this surface. The upper x mm:g.tg. ?g;.;;dqi surface of the mortar is heavily coated (average ygg... ...?.e.... thickness 0.3 in.) with mud and debris from the .qw 4:e m... ~ . : y y'q t. coring operation. A 0.05-in.-thick, buff-colored ,.e f o g. ) g.7,. ; layer occurs at the upper surface of the mortar. ...:...y Ettringite needles are observed in air voids near the 2Md surface. Patches of red-brown HAC paste are g.a w,. vpw.._., .y g;q'.$. h present at the interface. Substantial softening or

p...

.4 other evidence of distress is not observed. The body

p. J 1 Lfn;Q of the mortar exhibits hard, dense, medium graypas

"; p - .y.. ; p74 4:,., y er" w +m 3 pfk A. -a L.E 'j gg t.;l distribution of the constituents. k.' ; u,w; t;A m mc_ ey., g% g.w e.., f

e. g, f p y~ 3. -.3

,,.. y e m.mme ,4 +n @ 7 7 4 %,) y;g; g 3 3 9; &,1 ' y %l s 3 Sampled dateAime Receivedat CTL 10/31/97 0415 11/5/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other I

Millstone ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA ) Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description 84 core 22" - 31" 926809 Core B4 22 to 31 in. Core diameter is 2.2 in. The sample represents the dense portland cement concrete. A 1.5 in. diameter steel rebar is embedded at a depth of 25.5 in. (3.5 in below the 22 in, mark). No corrosion is present. The core is broken Appearance when received into two segments at the rebar (26.5 in.). Aggregate, . 7...a.c. y. c.;. paste, and air distribution in the concrete are 7.- generally uniform. Paste properties are good. The paste is hard and luster is subvitreous. The ends of the core are fracture surfaces passing through most of the siliceous aggregates. Dark rims and dark ~ . patches of paste are observed around many of the aggregates. This feature has been observed, ~ described. ami sampled in other sections of the ... ~ ~ portland cement concrete. .r a - ., i.. h, d% Sampled date.fime Received at CTL 10/9/97 2200 10/13/97 X-Ray DiWraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone lli Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sarnple ID CTLID Petro Description B4 core HAC 31" - 926810 Core B4 31 to 401/2 in. Core diameter is 1.5 in. 40.5" The core is unbroken and represents the dense portland cement concrete (1.2 in.), HAC mortar (0.5 in.), the remainder is porous HAC concrete. The layers are well adhered. The dark band in the Appearance when received concrete at the contact of portland cement concrete j and HAC mortar is again observed. No specific f distress is seen. Constituents are well distributed in a the portland cement concrete and in the HAC mortar. However, some aggregates in the porous HAC concrete are only partially coated. Portions of the porous HAC concrete are undercompacted. Crystalline deposits (described previously) are { heaviest in the undercompacted regions. The core .__. _ : ;,,..,,.y.,, broke in one of these regions during handling. 7,..., skum ~.' ~ ~ ~ h __ Photographs taken (10x magnification) of the broken "E h,_ surface, show delicate ettringite deposits lining r voids. Some of these deposits are overlain by platy -v M meg &. l& M M...-..

m crystalline deposits, or microcrystalline stalactitic thfi1L.Alllieratz2dt2id,um deposits. These deposits are identical to deposits sampled in Core B3 (subsample B3-1). The bottom Sampled dateMime Received at CTL surface is heavily encrusted with white, yellow-white, and green-yellow crystalline deposits and the 10/9/97 2215 10/13/97 underlying HAC paste is somewhat soft.

A subsample (B4-1) was scraped from this interface and includes deposits and soft paste. X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B3 core 25" - 30.5" 926807 Core B3 25 to 301/2 in. The sample represents the dense concrete, as above, and also includes large diameter steel rebar. The sample presumably broke during coring. The top portion of the rebar is well bonded. The lower surface is free. No evidence of @pearance when received corrosion is observed. Voids are empty and interiors are shiny. Some aggregates are rimmed by dark paste that appears wet - resembling alkali-silica reaction. The core was dry when examined. The dark rims will be examined in thin section. Above observations pertaining to paste properties and l distribution of constituents apply. h?b l~ M Sampled datenime Receivedat CTL 10/9/97 1900 10/13/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone lil Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Proj ct 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA I Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B3 core HAC 30.5" - 926808 Core B3 301/2 in. to 40 3/4 in. Core diameter is 1.5 40.75" in. The core is unbroken and represents dense portland cement concrete (1.5 in.), HAC mortar (0.2 to 0.5 in.), the remainder is porous HAC concrete. The layers are well adhered with no specific distress Appearance when received observed. In each layer, the constituents are well distributed. A dark line appears at the contact j i S 4 D h.J S @.~ a 3 %.N "" / &:.# smQn d JM QC it?W - ' LM between portland cement concrete and HAC mortar. q k 41g} v ^4 i ,.4ql4lW4#

.4MS$gdJ P W I. E. i.,

The porous HAC concrete is generally well .' m aH consolidated with high paste volume and few large irregular voids. The upper 1 in. and the lower 5 in. are somewhat undercompacted. The bottom surface A" of the porous HAC is even. This surface is heavily MU$... 7% encrusted with white, yellow-white, and E = ll lhne deposits. Deposits occur in E 3 47 4gEk; j%gNy%@hT?-@g.M@$ green-ye g(hg..J"QS ' i~' %i g g voids throughout the " porous" HAC concrete but are p ig,. y.ygg most abundant in the bottom 3 to 4 in. Photographs .%nr were taken (7x magnification) and subsamples of the h ') :jhMA;N k$hh ,sits (B3 -- 1) were taken for XRD/ thermal Sampled datenime Received at CTL 10/9/97 1914 10/13/97 X-Ray Diffraction B-3 deposits: CCSAH, C3ACSH12, C3A3CSH32, C2 ASH 8 ( B-3 top 34": CAH10, AH3, CCSAH, i C3 A l /2CC 1/2CH.H 11, C3 AH6, C3 ACS H 12 B-3 middle 36.5": AH3, CAH10, C3AH6, CCSAH, Thermal Analysis C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11 Subsample B-3 bottom 40": CCSAH, C3AH6, AH3, C2 ASH 8, CAH10. C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11 C3ACSH12 Olhor I

Millstone lli Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B2 core 23.75" - 926805 Core B2 23 3/4 to 313/4 in. The sample represents 31.25" the dense concrete, as above, and also includes large diameter steel rebar and wire tie. The sample presumably broke during coring at the location of the steel. The top portion of the rebar is well bonded. Appearance when received The lower portion is free. No evidence of corrosion is observed. Voids are empty and interiors are shiny. No evidence of paste alteration or cracks is observed. Above observations pertaining to paste properties and distribution of constituents apply. 7, No subsamples taken at this time. v Sampled datenime Receivedat CTL 10/9/97 0200 10/13/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other I

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B2 core HAC 30.5" - 926806 Core B2 301/2 to 401/2 in. (1.5 in. diameter) The 40.5" sample represents dense portland cement concrete (1 in.), HAC mortar (0.2 to 0.4 in.), and porous HAC concrete (approximately 8 in.). The core is broken into three segments. The breaks occur in the porous i App;arance when received HAC concrete. A thin dark gray band occurs at the s g* *g contact of the portland cement concrete and HAC t y mortar. The band appears to be within the concrete. 2 gy4. [...d.. E n d%N.,..._ ) Concrete and mortar are tightly adhered. No { .W J evidence of specific degradation is observed at the interface. The " porous" HAC concrete is fairly dense. Distribution of paste and aggregates is generally uniform. However, void distribution is .... g.aA, m ;.7.. ? nonuniform and void content is low overall. 9 ,g

g.g t-7aryggng;1

.1W Crystalline deposits (platy greenish yellow and g g.. w:._. - e

g yellow. white crystals) line the voids throughout the wggyDM porous HAC concrete and heavy deposits of

. - lis./ 4 n { gyy?i W .M platy crystals and white acicular crystals are present

gplMgmg. f.s MddC lemyis7 on the broken surfaces indicating the fractures may b4a k

C me %ru ,. ~ - O m be pre-existing locations of deterioration. Clumps of white acicular needles are locally present in the voids Sampled dateAime Received at CTL throughout the " porous" HAC concrete. In each 1 yer the paste is hard and the paste-aggregate bond 10/9/97 1800 10/13/97 is tight. Paste color in the HAC concrete exhibit subtle color variations. As the sample dried during examination, a clear shiny deposit formed on the X-Ray Diffraction paste portions of the HAC concrete. B2 core HAC @ 33" top: CCSAH, C3 ACCH 12, C3ACSH12, CAH10, AH3, C3AH6, C2 ASH 8, C3A3CSH32 B2 core @ 35" middle: CAH10, CCSAH, AH3, C3 ACCH 12, C3AH6 B2 core @ 38" bottom: CAH10, AH3, C3AH6, CCS AH, C3ACSH12, C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H 11 Other 1 I

< Millstone all Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B1 core mortar 40" - 926803 B1 Mortar Layer 40 to 42 in. The sample is a broken 42" fragment of portland cement mortar. Paste properties appear good. The paste is medium gray, hard, and exhibits subvitreous luster. Paste-aggregate bond is tight. Distribution of constituents is generally Appearance when received uniform. The top end of the core has patches of HAC paste on the surface. Air voids in the top 1 in. of the mortar contain densely packed ettringite needles. No cracks or microcracks are observed. \\ V L y e. g ny;. ,.b,, c g,, p g. - tE34n cTL M - T Y "' ... Y ? ? # $ g,. -. -.?# Sampled datenime Recc.ved at CTL 10n/97 0150 10/13/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B1 hole membrane 926804 044" I Appearance when received Sampled dateAime Receivedat CTL 10/8/97 2220 10/13/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description 81 core 25.5" - 31" 926801 Core B1251/2 to 31 in. The sample consists of dense portland cement concrete. The paste is medium gray with subvitreous luster. Paste-aggregate bond is tight, based on examination of the fractured ends of the core. The concrete is Appearance when received well consolidated. No evidence of paste alteration is \\- observed. Air voids are empty and interior paste is shiny. Aggregates are siliceous micaceous schist and h gneisses. The top end of the core intersected large (approx. I in.) reinforcing steel. The bar was well encased and does not exhibit evidence of corrosion. Bond with the paste appears tight. Distribution of aggre ates, paste, and small air voids appears 1 uniform based on stereomicroscope examination of core circumference. No subsamples were taken. . f. - Sampled datenime Received at CTL 10/6/97 2330 10/13/97 X Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other 3

Millstone Ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B1 core HAC 31" - 926802 B131 to 42 in. Core diameter is 1.5 in. The sample 42" comprises a layer of dense portland cement concrete, up to 1 in. thick, a 0.5-in.-thick HAC mortar layer, and porous HAC concrete. The bottom end of the core is a fracture surface. Dense portland cement App;arance when received concrete, HAC mortar, and porous HAC are well ~5 ,. JERFEli bonded. No evidence of deterioration is observed in G the vicinity of the contacts. Distribution of constituents is generally uniform. Paste properties are good in all three layers. Paste color in the porous HAC concrete is uniform. Areas of discoloration and softened paste are not observed. Voids in the lower 4 in. of the porous HAC concrete have loosely attached crusts of white and off-white crystalline a ""'f'M4 - deposits. These deposits are identical to the deposits W "-'- collected from Core B (6 in. diameter core). M =_ ~== ,1 [q[~ ~ % s, af <- ~ '. _, - Bre". 33, @ Sampled dateAime Receivedat CTL 10D/97 0030 10/13/97 X-Ray Diffraction B1-HAC @ 33" top: CCSAH, C3ACSH12, C3Al/2CC1/2CH.HI1, AH3, C3AH6, CAH10, C3A3CSH32 B1-HAC @36" middle: CCSAH, C3ACSH12, C3AH6, AH3, C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11, CAH10, C2 ASH 8 ThermalAnalysis B1-HAC @41" bottom: CCSAH, C3ACSH12, C3AH6, AH3, C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11, CAH10, C2 ASH 8 other I I

l Millstone ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B core mortar 40" - 926799 43" Appearance when received m in N u Sampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/11/97 1945 10/13/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis l Other l

Millstone lil Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B core 21" - 31" 927268 Basemat concrete; see petro description CTL report 16 Dec 97. Appearance when received Sampled datenime Received at CTL 10/11/97 1800 11/21/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B core HAC 31" - 926798 Core B 31 to 40 in. Diameter of the core is 6 in. 40a The sample consists of approximately 1 to 2 in of the dense portland cement concrete, approximately l 0.4 to 0.7 in, of HAC mortar, and 8 in. of porous HAC concrete. Green-white chemical " grout" Appearance when received exudes from many of the voids from the bottom - J%y y re-v 7,7p 51 (near membrane) to the top (near HAC mortar). ... m ,m._. N4 +. 4 M 1l Contacts between layers are clean; the layers are 4 ) y tightly bonded with no evidence of delamination or EMg deterioration. The bottom surface is even. A thin 64M}j] VM 4hh layer (approx. 0.05 in.) of the paste on this surface is g@y hA light brown and relatively soft. Voids in the bottom dN@. it 4 in. are coated with a thin crust of secondary $:fM deposits. A subsample (a) was removed and QAf % submitted for XRD analysis. Voids in the HAC mortar layer and in the dense portland cement h y.f ~ ~ f .T? pw;j concrete layer are empty. Distribution of paste, .._u dC N y _,1 Ow! ~ ~ aggregates, and air voids is generally uniform. 4 Paste-aggregate bond appears tight. No evidence of a.- . _ _. J reactions involving the aggregates is observed. No microcracks are observed. Sampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/11/97 1920 10/13/97 X-Ray Diffraction CCSAH, C3 ACSH12, C2 ASH 8 ThermalAnalysis Other True powder density by helium pycnometer of 1.5-in diameter B cores: top = 2.70 middle = 2.70 bottom = 2.72

Millstone til Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA A Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description B core 0 - 14" 927268 Basemat concrete; see petro description 94 CTL report 16 Dec 97. Appearance when received Sampled dateAime Receivedat CTL 10/11/97 1730 11/21/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone lli Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sarmle ID CTLID Petro Description B core 14" - 21" 927268 Basemat concrete; see petro desciiption CTL report 16 Dec 97. Appearance when received Sampled dateAime Received at CTL 10/11/97 1745 11/21/97 X-Ray Diffraction ThermalAnalysis Other

Millstone 111 Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA Sample ID C7 LID Fctro Description E4 core 21.5" - 31" 926994 The diameter of the core is 2.2 in. The sample repr sents dense portland cement concrete and a segmet of 1.5-in.-diameter rebar. The concrete is well consolidated. Distribution of aggregates, paste, and air voids is uniform. Air void interiors are shiny Appearance when received and free of secondary deposits. Paste properties are .~ good. The paste is medium gray, hard, and exhibits ,a'. subvitreous luster. Paste-aggregate bond is tight to moderately tight. The rebar is well bonded to the paste and is free of deposits. Dark rims occur around many coarse aggregates. Small amounts of clear to milky white alkali-silica gel (evidence of i-ASR) is present adjacent to these aggregates. ._.._...-~--. .. Microcracks are not observed. ana; g==.1.- m $ $:$, f Sa pled datehtme Receivedet CTL 10/23/97 2245 10/23/97 2 X-Ray Diffraction Thermal Analysis Other

Millstone Ill Porous Concrete SPECIMEN OBSERVATIONS AND CTL Project 050943 ANALYTICAL DATA I,' Sample ID CTL ID Petro Description E4 core HAC 31" - 926995 Core diameter is 1.5 in. The sample represents the 41" lower, approximately 2.2 in. of the dense portland cement concrete, HAC mortar (average thicknes.s 0.5 in), and porous HAC concrete. Significant amounts of ettringite are observed in air voids exposed by the Appearance when received fracture. Only 1.5 in. of the " porous" HAC is intact 4 and this segment is dense. Few voids are observed. 5 The core is fractured transversely at the contact .'f. between the portland cement concrete and the HAC mortar and at a core depth of approximately 34 in., r ,.3/ 'm near the top of the porous HAC layer. The bottom

/

v portion of the porous HAC concrete (about 4 to 5 ( . g~ c in.) is crumbly. All fragments and core segments are heavily coated with mud from coring. One i, .< i j k, po o AC. .,\\. Sampled datenime Received at CTL 10/23/97 2325 10/23/97 X Ray Diffraction E4 : C3Al/2CC1/2CH.H11, CCS AH, C3AH6, AH3 ThermalAnalysis Other}}

ML20217C220

Text

SUMMARY

Navigation menu

Search