Text

Voltage Study for Split Group Bus Configuration
	ML20215E462
Person / Time
Site:	Salem, Vermont Yankee, 05000000
Issue date:	11/30/1986
From:	Hannett L; POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
To:	;
Shared Package
ML20215E442	List: FVY-86-105, Part 21 Rept Re Design Defect Relating to Limitorque Motor Operators Mfg Prior to 1975.Mfg Contacted & Retrofit Kits Installed on safety-related & nonsafety-related Operators. Addl Info Encl; ML20215E462;
References
	NUDOCS 8612220319
	Download: ML20215E462 (49)
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{{#Wiki_filter:f I I I I SALEM NUCLEAR PLANT VOLTAGE STUDY FOR SPLIT GROUP BUS CONFIGURATION I

I I

I I Prepared by: Louis N. Hannett POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Schenectady, New York November 1986 l I l$k22 DOC 0 71 S PDR I

1 I Power Technologies, Inc. ~

1.0 INTRODUCTION

? This memorandum documents simulation runs of motor starting t and fast group bus transfer at the Salem Nuclear Generating Plant for PSE&G. The system model for the simulation runs was based on a split group bus scheme at Unit 2 so that during normal opera-tion half of the group bus load was supplied through the unit's auxiliary transformer and the other half through the station power transformer. In event of a reactor trip or loss of coolant accident, the voltage dip af ter the remaining group buses are transferred for the split configuration would not be so low than in the case for a fast transfer with the normal configuration. These simulation runs revealed that the voltage dips were above 0.92 per unit which is above the undervoltage relays settings. I I s

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Q 9 '{yD \\ < Power Technologies, Inc. I v$ 2.0 SYSTEM MODEL \\'( The model for the plant was based on the information received from PSE&G. A detailed description of the model is presented in the report for the simulation cases of the present I and normal configurations of the plant load. The initial condition load flow for these dynamic simulation cases models the plant load for Unit 1 with supply from the power station transformers due to the outage of the auxiliary transformer. The plant load for Unit 2 is divided so that half of the load is supplied through the auxiliary transformer, i.e. Group Buses 2F and 2H, and the other half is supplied through the station power transformer, i.e. Group Buses 2E and 2G. The motor load for the initial conditions are based on brake horsepower which was supplied by PSE&G. The power flows for the initial conditions are shown in Figures 2.1 and 2.2 for Unit 1 I I I I 'I I

l l Power Technologies, Inc. l i 1 3.0 MOTOR STARTING AND FAST TRANSFER SIMULATION CASES I The disturbance for the first set of two simulation cases was a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) on Unit 1 and reactor trip l (RT) on Unit 2. The vital bus motor starting was simulated in the first case. This consists of starting all remaining vital motors on Unit 1 and the two auxiliary feedwater pumps on Unit 2. The time plot of the 4.16 kV voltages at the power station trans-formers is shown in Figure 3.1. The lowest voltage was on Power Station Transformer 12 with a value of.94 per unit. The other voltages remained above.95 per unit. The voltages recovered to near pre-switching values as the motors reached full speed within two seconds after the signal was initiated. The second case simulated the fast transfer of the Group Buses 2F and 2H to the power station transformer which occurs thirty seconds after the RT signal was initiated. By that time the generating units are on line at reduced load due to the steam being bypassed from the turbines. The switching for the transfer consisted of opening the breakers connecting the group buses to the auxiliary transformer and the closing of the breakers to the power station transformers 80 milliseconds later. The plot of the 4.16 kV voltages at the power station transformers are shown in Figure 3.2. All the voltages were above.92 per unit which is above the.undervoltage relay settings. I I

I Power Technologies, Inc. F L The disturbance for the second set of two simulation cases was a reactor trip on Unit 1 and a LOCA on Unit 2. The third simulation case was the starting of the vital motors. The plot !E of the 4.16 kV voltages at the power station transformer is shown r in Figure 3.3. All voltage drops were above the undervoltage L relay settings so that no action will be taken. [ The output for the simulation of the group bus transfer is shown in Figure 3.4. Again the voltages were above the undervol-tage relay's settings. The voltage drops and the steady state values after the L-switching are listed in Table 3.1. All voltages are greater than l .92 per unit well above the set point for the undervoltage relays to start timing out. l l l L I

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l I ' b NEW PLANT CONFIGURATION - HERTER ORRIN PP #12 ON GROUP 2G PSE4G SALEM NUCLEAR PLANT AUXILIARY STUDY E H - I'{., MOTOR STARTING - LOCA ON UNIT 1 -_J RT ON UNIT 2 O FILE: OUT.018A ooE C' C LL.

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t, 3, e, i. I, 6 a. 5 0 I e I, 1, 0, t, t, I 4 o I l t, o g tu I ____..._;_....._.q___.___4.........;__.....__1___....---,'.----t,--i-----l---------l-------- gI .} t I ,1, g I _..____4 8 i O t[ I 1, I I t o 9 8 8 8 la I I I 8 y i____..._J._....._A___.___.c..____..t L_.....J .__.l.- A__.1..._t________f....._ I I t i e t 6 4 i a o I l 8 8 i t 8 I I I O e i l t O t I I 9 I I I l I t I I I i t B 1 L, g I 4 I I o 1 0 0 t i 3 8 I t I o B 4 8 I I g I 9 I t I o _.....,t____... 4.....___.1 I 8 1 1 9 I I .... w.1.____ w.,___ M. ..____..,_____. 3 ____ 4 t 4 I I l 3 I I '. 1 8 I t I t 8 l 8 y1 1 l B 3 0 0 3 I I .I e .I ,t ,i ,I ,I l It i I I I I i 3 I l o ,1

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,I o j i o Ie N _..___.I,________,I....____,1___.....I,.___..._I,.f.....,4 _______,Ig.____.y... ___i,_..... _ g i, c. / , s t 8 8 I I I i, g e, t/ o I i g I I f. t i I _._. _ _.:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ q. _..... - t - - - - - - - - l- - - - - - f -l- - - - - - i - - - - - - - - t - - - - - N. ul- - - 2.- - -l- - - - - - - g I I I _A_ 1 +* I a I t /f f i I f t I 6 / [/ i 1 I 1 8 l 6 I I I t t i 5 0 .i I i i / 1 i i i i i o I i 1 i I L / /s I I l l l 1 o

M M M Power 'ibchnologies, Inc. Table 4.1. Station Power Transformer 4.16 kV Voltages 1 SP Transformer #11 SP Transformer #12 SP Transformer #21 SP Transformer #22 Disturbance Dip Steady State Dip Steady State Dip Steady State Dip Steady State A UJCA - Unit 1 RT - Unit 2 1 Motor Start .972 1.040 .94 1.036 1.006 1.053 .992 1.048 2 Group Bus Transfer .976 .983 .989 .995 .929 .965 .940 .977 B RT - Unit 1 LOCA - Unit 2 I 1 Motor Start .982 1.036 .991 1.052 .949 1.038 .943 1.048 2 Group Bus .976 .983 .996 1.001 .927 .957 .941 .973 Transfer i )

s. ENCLOSURE 3 br ~R IS N. HANNET, Senior Engineer Mr. Hannett attended Clarkson College of Technology for his undergraduate study. In his senior year, he received the A. Raymond Powers Award which cited him as "an electrical engineering senior who ) a has de:nonstrated the best understanding of the basic physical poenanena and principles of rotating electrical machines, and whose interest and ,M ability give promise of an outstandiry career in the field of power ,f engineering." Mr. Hannett graduated from Clarkson in 1971 with honors.

hl

. { Upon graduation, Mr. Hannett joined Power Technologies, Inc. as an analytical engineer and was promoted to senior engineer in 1982. At PrI he has contributed in the following areas: - Large scale power systen studies involving load flow, transient and dynamic stability, load rejection, subsynchronous oscilla-tions and econonic dispatch. - Development of the power system simulator program, PSS/E, the machine and network transients program, M. r/E, ard the interac-V tive dynamic analysis program, ICAP. - Studies of fossil-fuel power plant dynamics with particular reference to gas path transients and furnace implosion problems. - Hydro plant dynamics including interactions betMCen electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic transients. - Studies of mechanical and electrical equipment dynamic performance, such as motor starting, shaft torques, diesel gen-erator shock loading, etc. - Research on determination of synchronous machine model para.neters for use in stability studies sponsored by EPRI. - Research on application of induction generators to power systems. - Developnent of a power system stabilizer using digital control. l Mr. Hannett is a senior menber of the IEEE and is a Registered Professional Engineer with the State of New York. 12/84

INIS N. HANNETr 'IECHNICAL PAPERS AND ARTICLES - 1. "Pract1 cal Approaches to Supplanentary Stabilizing

13. "Systen for Stabilizing Synchronous Machines",

' fran Accelerating Power," IEEE Transactions on Power United States Patent No. 4463306, (co-inventors F. P. Apparatus and Systens, Vol. PAS-97, No. 5, Sept./Oct. de Mello, J. S. Czuba, D. W. Parkinson). 1978, pp. 1515-1522, (co-authors, F.P. de Mello and J.M. Undrill). 4/85 2. " Turbine-Generator Impact Torques in Routine and Fault Operations," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systens, Vol. PAS-98, No. 2,. March / April 1979, i pp. 618-628. (co-author, J.M. Undrill). 3. "'Ihyristor-controlled Reactors Analysis of Fundanental Frequency and Harmonic Effects," IEEE Winter Power Meeting,1978, (co-authors, F.P. de Mello, B.K. Johnson, D. Birfet, and J. Toulenonde). 4. " Studies of Subsynchronous Oscillations in Itaipu Series Campensated Transmission Alternatives," 4th National Conference on Production and Transnission of Electrical Energy, Rio de Janeiro,

Brazil, 1977, (co-authors, J.M. Undrill and B.K. Johnson).

5. " Validation of Synchronous Machine Models and Derivation of Model Parameters from Tests," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systens, Vol. PAS-100, No. 2, February

1981, pp.

662-672, (co-author, F.P. de Mello). 6. "Large Scale Induction Generators for Power Systens," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and

Systens, Vol.

PAS-100, No. 5, May

1981, pp.

2610-2618, (co-author, F.P. de Mello). 7. " Validation of Nuclear Plant Auxiliary Power Supply by Test," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systens, Vol. PAS-101, No. 9, Septenber, 1982, pp. 3068-3074, (co-authors, F.P. de Mello, G.H. Tylinski, and W.H. Becker). 8. "A Power Systen Stabilizer Design Using Digital Control," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systens, Vol. PAS-101, No. 8, August 1982, pp. 2860-2868, (co-authors, F.P. de Mello, D.W. Parkinson, and J.S. Czuba). 9. " Derivation of Synchronous Machine Stability Paraneters fran Pole Slippirq Conditions," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systens, Vol. 1-PAS-101, No. 9, Septenber 1982, pp. 3394-3402, (co-authors, F.P. de Mello, D. Snith, and L. Wetzel). [ 10 " Application of Induction Generators in Power Systens," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and i Systens, Vol. PAS-101, No. 9, Septenber 1982, pp. 3385-3393, (co-authors, F.P. de Mello, J.W. Feltes, ard J.C. White). 11. "Detennination of Synchronous Machine Electrical Characteristics by Test", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systens, Vol. PAS-102, No. 12, Decenber 1983, pp. 3810-3815, (co-author F. P. de Mello).

12. " Digital Control Algorithns and control Tuning",

presented at POWID 26th Annual Power Instrunentation Synposiun, St. Petersburg, Et, May 16-18,

1983, (co-authors, J.

W. Feltes and F. P. de Mello). i

~ _.,. .__m m m_.. D o I PTI 21 4 Page 2 of 6 EIEClRIC LTILITIES IO1ESTIC (cont'd) t o Public Service Co. of Colorado o Tacoma City Light i o Public Service Co. of Indiana o Tampa Electric C m pany o Public Service Co. of New Hampshire o Tennessee Valley Authority o Public Service Co. of New Mexico

o. Texas Electric Service Co.

o Public Service Co. of Oklahoma o hxas fianicipal Power Agency o Puerto Rico Electric Power Autnority o Texas Power aM Light Co. 4 o Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority o Texas Utilities Generating Co. o Puget Sound Power & Light o Toledo Edison Co. s o Rochester Gas & Electric Corp. o Tri-State Generation aM Tranmission o Rochester (!ti) Public Utilities o Tucson Electric Power Company Sacramento Municipal Utility Dist. o UGI Corporation o o Salt Rive

Power District o Union Electric Co.

o San Antonio City Public Service o Unite $ Illminatirq Co. o San Diego Gas & Electric Co. o UnitM Power Association o Santee Electric Cooperative, Inc. o U.S. Bureau of Reclanation (Santee Cooper) o Utah Power & Light 03. o Savannah Electric & Power Co. o Vermont Electric Power Co., Inc. o Seninole Electric Coop. Inc. o Vermont Yankee Power Corp. o Sierra Pacific Power Ctanpany o Virginia Electric & Power Co. o Snohcanish Public Utility District o Virginia Power & Light Cb. o South Carolina Electric & Gas Cb. o Washington Public Power Supply Systern o South Texas Electric Coop. o Washington Water Power Co. o Southern California R$ison Co. o West h xas Utilities o Southern Cbmpany Services o Wisconsin Electric Power Company o Southern Ir:31ana Gas & Electric Co. o Wisconsin Power & Light Cc. 3 o Southern Minnesota Ptznicipal o Wisconsin Public Service Company o. Soutnwestern Electric Power Co-op, I,nc. o Yankee Atomic Electric Co. 1 o Southwestern Electric Power Ctanpany IDREIGi t o Agua y Energia (Argentina) o ITAIPU (Brazil) o Alberta Power Limited (Canada) o ITAIPU Binacional (Brazil) o British Cbitznbia Hydro & Power o Korea Electric Power Corp. (Korea) 1 Authority (Canada) o Luz y Fuerza (Mexico) o CADAFE (Venezuela) o Manitoba Itydro (Canada) o Calgary Power (Canada) o Mexico Light aM Power Co, (Mexico) o CD41G (Brazil) o National Electricity Board of o CESP (Brazil) Malaysia (Malaysia) o City of Dinonton (Canada) o National Power Corp. of tne Philippines o Comision Federal de Electricidad o New Brunswick Electric Power (Mexico) Ccmnission (Canada) o CHESF (Brazil) o Newfoundland & Labrador Hydro (Canada) o EDEICA (Veneztiela) o New Zealard Electricity o Dinanton Power (Canada) Department (New Zealand) l o Elecan (New Guinea) o Norges Vassdrags og Elektrisitetsvesen 4 o Electricidad de Caracas (Venezuela) (Norway) o Electricity Generating Authority of o Norwegian State Power Board (Norway) i Thailand o Nova Scotia Power Corp. (Canada) o Electricity Supply Board (I;91aM) o Ontario Hydro (Canada) o Electricity Supply Comn. (S. Africa) o PGDi (NetherlaMs) o EL!rTROPAR (Paraguay) o Quebec Hydro-Electric Ccmn. (Canada) o ELirTROPERU (Peru) o Queenslard 21ectricity Generating o ELETROSUL (Brazil) Board (Australia) o ELKRAFT Power Co. (Derinark) o Rio and Sao Paulo Light (Brazil) o Dnpresa de Energia Electrica de o Saskatchewan Power Corp. (Canada) Bogota (Colombia) o SECBA (Argentina) o Enpresas Publicas de Medellin (Colcanbia) o State Electricity Comnission of o Fuerza Electricas Del Noroeste, S. A. Victoria (Australia) (Spain) o State Electricity Comnission of o Fuerzas Electricas de Cataluna (Spain) Melbourne (Australia) 4 o FURNAS (Brazil) o State Energy Comnission of W. Australia i o Chllspang Kraf taktiebolag (Sweden) o Swedisn State Power 3oard (Sweden) o Fidroelectrica Espanola (Spain) o &iss Federal Railways (SwitzerlaM) o Hidronor (Argentina) o SYDKRAFT (Sweden) o Iberduero (Spain) o TAIPOWER (Taiwan) o Imatran Voima Oy (Finlard) o bronto Hydro (Canada) o INTEL (Ecuador) o TransAlta Utilities Corp. (Canada) i o Israel Electric Corp. Ltd. (Israel) 1 I _~.

9 I f'- g ;. 'y s dQMg eNiw[ bdw, M2 mM nhh Faa ~ +b m _m-dm d,gh 4] w J -Z2P i.<. __t LIST OF CLIENTS Clients are 11stal below by name, location ard business only. Where a$ditional infocnation is desired, PI'I will request clearance of the client cmpany to release sach infocnation, or will aid in establishirq direct reference. ELECTRIC tRILITIES DTESTIC o Alabana Power Cmpany o Inter:nountain Power Project o Allegneny Power Service Corporation o Interstate Power Co. o American Electric Power Service Corp. o Iowa Power & Light Co. o Arizona Electric Peer Coop. o Iowa Public Service CcInpany o Arizona Public Service Co. o Iowa Southern Utilities o Arkansas Power & Light Cbmpany o Iowa-Illinois Gas & Electric Co. o Associated Electric Coop., Inc. o Jacksonville Electric Authority o Atlantic City Electric Co. o Jersey Central Power & Light Co. o Baltrnore Gas & Electric Ccrnpany o Kansas City Power & Light Co. o Basin Electric Power Coop, o Kansas Gas & Electric o Benton Cbunty PUD o Kansas Power & Light Cb. o Big Rivers Electric Corp, o Lake Superior District Power o Brazos Electric Power Coop, o Iansing Board of Water and Light o Bonneville Power Aininistration o I.incoln Electric Systen o Boston d ison Co. o Iong Island Lightiry Co. o Burlington Electric Dept. o Ios Angeles Dept. of Water & Power o Cajun Electric Power Coop., Inc. o Louisiana Power & Light Co. o Carolina Power & Light o Iower Colorado River Aathority o Central Hudson Gas & Electric Co. o Madison Gas & Electric o Central Illinois Light Co. o Maine Public Service Co. o Central Illinois Public Service Cb. o Massacrusetts Electric Co. o Central Maine Power Co. o Metropolitan Mison Co. o Central Power & Light o Mickile South Services o Central & South West Corporation o Minnesota Power & Light Co. o Cincinnati Gas & Electric Co. o Minnkota Power Cooperative o City of Austin o Mississippi Power ard Light Co. o City of Brownsville o Micsissippi Power Cm pany o City of Colorado Sprirgs o Missouri Basin tunicipal Power Agency o City of Santa Clara o Molokai Electric Co., Ltd. o City of Tacczna o Montana-Dakota Utilities o Clevelard Electric Illtrninatirg Cb. o Montana Power Ctanpany o Coltrnbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co. o Muscatine Power & Water o Councnwealth Mison Co. o Narragansett Electric Co. o Ccrrnonwealth Electric Cb. o Nebraska Public Power District o Connecticut Yankee AtcInic Powr Co. o NEGEA Service Corporation o Consolidated dison Co. of N.Y., Inc. o Nevada Power Co. o Consixners Power Co. o New Erglard Electric Systen o Cooperative Power Association o New Englard Power Service Co. o Dallas Power & Light Co. o New Orleans Public Service Inc. o Dalrylard Power Cooperative o New York Power Authority o Dayton Power & Light Cmpany o New York State Electric & Gas Corp. o Delmarva Power ard Light Co. o Niagara Pthawk Power Corporation o Detroit Mison Co. o Northeast Utilities (brp. o Duke Power Company o Northern Indiana Public Service Co. o bst Kentucky Power o Northern States Power Co. o Electric Power Developnet Corp. o Oglethorpe Power Corporation o Enpire District Electric Co. o Chlo Edison Ccxnpany o Florida Power & Light Co. o Onaha Public Power District o Florida Power Corporation o Orange & Rocklard Utilities, Inc. o General Public Utilities, Inc. o Otter Tall Power Co. o Georgia Power Campany o Pacific Cas & Electric Co. o Gulf States Utilities o Pacific Power & Light Co. o Hawaiian Electric Co. o Pennsylvania Electric Co. o Hooster Ehergy Div. of Indiana o Pennsylvania Power & Light Cb. Statewide Rural Electric Cb-op. o Philadelphia Electric Co. o Houston Lighting & Power Co. o Plains Electric o Idaho Power Ccrnpany o Portlard General Electric Co. o Illinois Power Ccxnpany o Potcznac Electric Power Co. o Indiana & Michigan Electric Co. o Public Service Electric & Gas Co. (N.J.)

ENCLOSURE 2 Dl ? I g. -~ L~ "-" " ' .i._ -.a i .a.4%~~~u - -~ a m a ~ ~ A LIST OF CLIENTS Clients are listed telow by name, location aM business only. Where additional infocnation is desired, PrI will request cle rance of the client cmpany to release sacn infornation, or will aid in establishiry direct reference. ELIrTRIC (TTILITIES DTISTIC o Alabama Power C mpany o Intecnountain Power Project o Allegneny Power Service Corporation o Interstate Power Co. o American Electric Power Service Corp. o Iowa Power & Light Co. o Arizona Electric Power Coop. o Iowa Public Service Ctrnpany o Arizona P211C Service Co. o Iowa Southern Utilities o Arkansas Power & Light 02npany o Iowa-Illinois cas & Electric Co. o Associ6ted Electric Coop., Inc. o Jacksonville Electric Authority o Atlantic City Electric Co. o Jersey Central Power & Light Co. o Balti:nore Gas & Electric Capany o Kar.sas City Power & Light Co. o Basin Electric Power Coop. o Kansas Cas & Electric o Benton County PUD o Kansas Power & Light Co. o Big Rivers Electric Corp. o take Superior District Powr o Brazos Electric Power Coop, o Lansing Board of Water aM Light o Bonneville Power Aininistration o Lincoln Electric C" sten o Boston d ison Co. o Long Islard Lightirg Co. o Burlington Ela-tric Dept. o Ios Angeles Dept. of Water & Power o Cajun Electric Power Coop., Inc. o Louisiana Power & Light Co. o Carolim Power & Light o Lower Colorado River Aathority o Central Hudson Cas & Electric Cb. o Madison Gas & Electric } o Central Illinois Lignt Co. o mine Public Service Co. o Central Illinois Pablic Service Co. o Massacrusetts Electric Co. o Central Maine Power Co. o Metropolitan d ison Co. o Central Power & Light o MicMle South Services o Central & South West Corporation o Minnesota Power & Light Co. o Cincinnati Cas & Electric Co. o Minnkota Power Cooperative o City of Aastin o Mississippi Power ard Light Co. o City of Brownsville o Mississippi Power Ccrnpany o City of Colorado Sprirqs o Missouri Basin Manicipal Power Agancy o City of Santa Clara o Molokal Electric Co., Ltd. o City of Tacana o Montana-Dakota Utilities o Clevelard Electric Illtznimtiry Cb. o Montam Power Canpany o Coltznbus & Southern Chio Electric Co. o Muscatine Power & Water o Ccrunmwealth Mison Co. o Narragansett Electric Co. i o Ccrinmwealth Electric Co. o Nebraska P21ic Power District o Connecticut Yankee Atanic Power Co. o NEGEA Service Corpration o Consolidated Mison Co. of N.Y., Inc. o Nev M a Power Co. o Constraers Power Co. o New EnglaM Electric Systen o Cooperative Power Association o New Englard Power Service Co. o mllas Power & Light Co. o New Orleans Public Service Inc. o DalrylaM Power Cooperative o New York Power Aathority o IMyton Power & Light Cmpany o New York State Electric & Gas Corp. o Delmarva Power ard Light Co. o Niagara m hawn pow r Corporation o Detroit Edison Co. o Northeast Utilities Cbrp. o Duke Power Ca pany o Northern Irdiana Pablic Service Co. o E2st Kentucxy Power o Northern States Power Co. o Electric Power Developnet Corp. o Cglethorpe Power Cor pration o Bnptre District Electric Co. o Ohio Mison CcInpany o Florida Power & Light Co. o Qnaha Public Power District o Florida Power Corporation o Orange & RocklaM Ut111tles, Inc. o General Pablic Ut111ttes, Inc. o Otter Tall Power Co. o Ceorgia Power Canpany o Pacific ces & Electric Co. o Gulf States Ut111ttes o Pacific Power & Light Co. o Hawa11an Electric Co. o Pennsylvania Electric Co. o Hooster Ehergy Div. of Indiam o Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. Statewide Rural Electric Cb-op. O PhilMelphla Electric Co. o Houston Lightirv3 & Power Co. o Plains Electric o Idaho Power Cmpany o Portlard General Electric Co. o Illinois Power Cmpany o Potma: Electric Power Co. o IMiam & Michigan Electric Co. o Public Service Electric & Cas Co. (N.J.)

Y \\- m. s. '.e ,'k PTI 21 Page 4 of 6 g l l r (i y INIX.lSTRIAIS l f COESTIC (cont'd) ( o PRD Electtmics o Standard Oil of Indiana o Proctor & Ganble o StaMard Oil of Ohio o Prodelin, Inc. o Sterling Winthrop o Q-Dot Corp. o hjas Cbntrols, Inc. o Quindar Electronics o hnnessee Eastman Co. o Raychen Corporation o Texaco 'u o Reed Tool Company o 3M Campany '( o Reliable Electric Co. o Trenton District mergy Corp. o Riley-Stoker Corp. o Triangle Conduit and Cable o Rohrback Technology Inc. o Triangle Industries o Rubbermaid o I.hion Carbide o Sangano Electric Co. o United Technologies o Schenectady Chanicals o Westirghouse Electric Co. o Shaker Camputer & tegmt. Services o Weyerhaeuser Cbrp. o Sienens-Allis, Inc. o Windfarms Limited o Simplex Wire and Cable o Sperry Corporation FDIEIGN o Algcma Steel Corp (Canada) o Martin Marietta Alanina (USVI) o Alusuisse (Switzerland) o Nokia Electronics (FinlaM) o ARMCO Overseas Co. (Sadi Arabia) o Norsk Data (Norway) o ARAMCO Services Co. (Sadi Arabia) o Cecidental Peruana, Inc. (Peru) o ASEA (Sweden) o Pirelli (Italy) o BBC (Switzerland) o Proccmil for CANIV (Venezuela) o Canadian General Electric (Canada) o fMELT (Yugoslavia) o CGEE Alsthan (France) o Syncrude Canada Ltd. (Canada) o GEC Switergear (England) o Taihan Electric Wire Co. (Korea) o Daninion Foundries (Canada) o 3MSA (Mexico) o GullsaMkraf taktiebalag (Sweden) o OPSIS (Venezuela) o Hoeyanger A/S (Norway) o Western India Erectors (India) o Hylisa (Mexico) o W.S. Insulators of India, Ltd. o Karnkraf tutbildnirg Ab (Sweden) o Kraftwerk Union AG (Germany) CNSTBUCIDRS, DGINEEIE, CD3ST10CERS DOESTIC i o Alexarder Kusko, Inc. o Gibbs & Hill o Applied Managanent Sciences o Gilbert Ccmnanwealth Associates o Bechtel Power Corp. 'o International Engineerirg o Black & Veatch o Kaiser mgineering, Inc. o Booz Allen & Hamilton o Keane Associates o Bovay mgineers, Inc. o Keytech (for People's Republic of Gina) o Burns & McDonnell o Kuljian Corporation o Cannon Design o Laramore Dotgias & Pophan o CH2t Hill o Ianco Engineers o C.H. Guernsey & Company o Life Systens, Inc. o W. A. Gester, Inc. o Arthur D. Little Co. o Cambustion Engineering Inc. o Litwin Corp. o L.K. Comstock o Iondon Morenco Consultants o Davy McKee Corporation o Iower Ourchill Develognent Corp. o Doble Engineering Co. o G as. T. Main, Inc. o Dotglas G. Peterson & Associates, Inc. o Mosely, Hallgarten, Estabrook & Weeden, o Oranetz Engineerirg Inc. o EBASCO Services, Inc. o Nixon, Hargrea.es o EIG mgineering, Inc. o NUS Corporation o eta Service Corporation o Pan West Constru: tors o F. Eberstadt & Co. o Presearch, Inc. o Fluor Engineers, Inc. o Pugh Roberts Associates o Forest Electric o R.W. Beck & Associates

i - i . PrI 21 Page 3 of 6 i t. POER POOIS AND REIJABILITY OINCIIS DOESTIC o Electric Reliability Council of hxas o Northeast Power Coordination Council o Intercompany Pool o P-J-M Interconnection o Main Coordination Center o RDWEC o MAPP Coordination Center o Western Area Power hininistration o Mid-Continent Area Power Planners o Western Systens Coordinatirq Cotzicil o New mglaM Power Excharge o WisconeirWJpper Michigan Pool o NPPC o New York Power Pool

FOREIGN o TOI (Brazil) o Krangede Power Pool (Sweden) o OPSIS Olenezuela)

INDUSTRIAIS IDESTIC o Alassearch o Exxon mterprises o Airproducts & Gemicals o Exxon Minerals Q). o AIEAN Cable Corporation o Exxon Research & mgineering o AICOA o Ferranti International Controls o Allied BeMix o Finch, Pruyn Co., Inc. o Allied Genical o Fluor Utah o Alpha hch, Inc. o Fort Pitt Steel o Anaco o Foster-Miller o knoco Genicals Cbrp. o G & W Electric Specialty Co. o Anaconda Wire & Cable Canpany o General Autanation o Arabian hnerican Oil Co. o General Electric Co. o Arco Genical O General tetors Cbrp. o ASEA o Genro Energy Systens o Baker Autanation o Gould-Brown Boveri Corp. o BBC o Gould, Inc. o Bell Telephone Iab o GrE-Lenkurt o Bethea Company o Harris Centrols o Boeirq Electronics o Hess Oil Virgin IslaMs 03rp. o Boeing mgineering & Construction o High Voltage Breakers, Inc. o Bowater Southern Paper Corp. o High Voltage Power Corp. o CTI-Cryogenics o IOmble Oil Co. o Caddim, Inc. o IBM o Ceramaseal, Inc. o International Paper Co. o Chase Bag Co. o Kaiser Aluninun m anical Corp. o Champlex o Lapp Insulator, Interpace Corp. o Cities Service Co. o tocke Instrunents o Claniel Enterprises o Inckheed Missiles & Space Co. o Cogeneration Develognent Cbrp. o Loctite Corp. o Colgate-Palmolive o MAC Products o Collyer Wire aM Cable o Macrodyne, Inc. o Canbustion mgineerirg, Inc. o Martin Marietta Aluninun o Consolidated Papers o Masstron Scale, Inc. o Consolidated Rail Co. o McGraw-Edison Co. o Continental Oil Cb. o Mobil Coal Producing o Control Data Corporation o Moore Systens o Doble Engineerirg o Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. o Dow Chanical Co. o Ohio Brass o Dupont o Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corp. o Eastman Kodak Co. o Odens-Illinois o Eaton Corp. o Oxygen Enrichcent Co. o Elasti:nold o Paige Electric Corp. o Envirornent One o Phelps Dodge o Essex Group United hchnologies o Pirelli Corporation

l s a s PTI 21 Page 6 of 6 e e MHER DOESTIC o University of Illinois o ' Wilkinson & Carmody o University of North Iowa o Wisconsin Assoc. of Mfgrs. & Connerce o University of Utah Research Park o Wood, Imaver & Associates o Utah Association of Manufacturers o Worcester Polytechnic Institute o Watkiss arti Campbell o World Bank EDEIm o Atomic Energy Canada, Ltd. (Canada) o Inst. Argentino de Capacitacion en la o Canadian Electrical Association (Canada) Rana (Argentina) o CEPEL (Reazil) o Manitoba Ebrestry Resources Ltd. o China National Technical Import (Canada) Corp. (PRC) o W Kana (Holland) o China National Instrunents Import o Peoples' Republic of Qina (PRC) & Export Corp. (PRC) o !bsiss b4detal Railways (Sditzerland) o Electric Power Develognent Cbrp. (Japan) o Wuhan High Voltage Research Institute o Electric Power Research Institute (People's Republic of Qina) (People's Regublic of mina) o ELTR0 BRAS (Brazil) o Halden (Norway) EDR FURNER Gntact: Del D. Wilson INEDRRTIm President Power Technol.ogies, Inc. P.O. Box 1058 Schenectady, NY 12301-1058 Telephone: (518) 374-1220 Telex 145498 PC H:R 2 %2I 5/86

t s e PrI 21 Page 5 of 6 9 g4 CQEULTAtCS, DCINEERS, C2cuumme DOESTIC (cont'd) o Sargent & Lundy o 'Ibtche Ross & Co. o Simulation Associates o Ultrasystans, Inc. o S.M. Stoller Associates o thderground Power P stens f o Sohio Construction Co. o Underground Systens, Inc. o Stone & Webster mgineering o Underseas Cable mgineers, Inc. o Strategies Unli:nited o thited mgineers o Sverdrup & Parcel o thited hchnologies o Synergic Resources Cbrp. o Wisner & Becker IVREIGi o ACRES, Ltd. (Canada) o Projetos e Estudos de Engenharis o Constructeurs Inga-Shaba (Zaire) S.A. (Brazil) o Develognent Cbnsultants (India) o ram Corporation SNC - Lavalin o Elmec, Ltda. (Coimbia) (Canada) o ELTm-TEK (Turkey) o SADF/ESIN (Argentina) o Energia y Desarrollo (Cblombia) o Serinel (Venezuela) o EFFISA (Spain) o SNC-Lavalin (Canada) o FERRCO (Canada) o hernoproyectos S. A. Consultora o Landis & Gyr (SwitzerlaM) (Argentina) o Lavalin Cbnsulting Grotp (Canada) o Tron Horn A/S (Norway) o Imighton & Kidd, Ltd. (Canada) o Motor Cblunbus International (Switzerland) OnER DOESTIC o Aerosace Corporation o Ievine, Gouldin aM 'Ihapson o Ari;:ona Corporation Cbunission o Ieylarx! Watson & Noble o Arizona State University o Iong Island Fann Bureau (N.Y. State) o Brookhavel National Labs. o Ios Alanos $ ace Laboratory o California mergy Resources O nservation o Massacrusetts Institute of hchnology and Developnent (bmnission o Metro-North o Condon & Ebrsythe o Michigan Public Service Cumnission o Connecticut Siting Council o Mid-America Interpool Network o Consolidated Rail Cbrp. o Minnesota kvironmental Quality Board o Corps of mgineers (U.S. Gov't) o NASA (U.S. Gov' t) o Cozen, Bezier and O'Connor o National Science Ebundation o Craig & Antonelli o Naval Research Iabs (U.S. Cov't) o Crowell & Moring o New York Depart:nent of mergy o Dalessio, Shapiro & Gore o New York Power Authority o Day, Berry & Howard o New York State Energy Research & o Dept. of mergy (U.S. Gov't) Develognent Authority o Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) o New York State Public Service Ctanission EPRI Waltz Mill Cable hst Facility o o Mrstar Venture Ebnd Etnpire State Electric mergy Research o o mrtheast Power Coordinatirn Comcil Company (ESEERCO) o Port Authority of New Yrk & New Jersey o Erski.ne, Dunn & McMahon o Power Facility Evaluation Cbuncil o Federal Energy Regulatory Connission (U. (State of (bnnecticut) S. Gov' t.) o R.I. Dept. of Attorney General o Ford EbuMation o Rand Corporation o Faulds, Felker, Burns & Jornson o Ray, Quinney & Nebeker o Fuller, Henry, Hodge and Snyier o Robinson, Robinson & Cble o Fusion mergy Corporation o Sandia Laboratories o Gray, Carey, Ames & Frye o me Hartford o Gribbin, Burns and Eide o morp, Reed aM Armstrong o G.tren, Merritt, Feibel, Sogg and Cohen o hlane University o Harristown Developnent Corp. o Tybout & Redfearn o International Copper Research Assn. o Tyler Cooper Grant Bowennan & Keefe o Kansas Cbrporation Ctanission o United States Navy o Kenley, BoylaM, Coghlan & Erskine o University of California o tasser, Hochnan, et al. o University of Hartford a

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c I s 1 PSS/E PSS/E is an integrated set of programs for power system simulations covering: o Load Flow a Fault Analysis o Dynamic Simulation a Network Reduction a Transfer Limit Analysis o Eigenvalue and Frequency Response Analysis PSS/E includes facilities for: o Working data base maintenance o Exchange of data with other programs a Graphics o Fully interactive, batch, and mixed modes of operation. 3 PSS / E is in service with 80 end users in computers ranging from one-user " work stations" up to the largest mainframes. I 4 e e O O e L-

PSS/E PSS/E is a large-scale power system analysis package designed to handle the full range of CAPASILITIES power frequency network analysis problems. it is designed for use in interconnected system studies, detailed studies of machine / plant / control dynamics, protection calculations, and subtransmission studies. The program's maximum capacities, as shown in Table 1, are consistent with the largest of system studies, w hile the program's fully interactive dialog style is ideally suited to the needs of smaller scale detailed design work. p mr w wp--m - - m w w m y -- m m m m mem p} n }ABLEf/ n ~ - y; . E h E, 4 2.3 -: PSS/E Memmum N =*= f _12000L ] i.

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~ .24000: \\ s Grenchee c Transformers t ~ ' 4000 > 3j " Generating _Ptents. 3 M 3000 L. _ Generators 'i4000' k

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1 Interchenge Control Areas : ?100 j r[ iZones - 999< ~ f f Zero Sequence Mutuel Couplings ? -l1000 d b y S%w udw d. hila.J4.44NJaus%&M4mW6 WiENa.mm:&20] LOAD FLOW PSS/E includes the following among its many capabilities:

Load flow solutions can use Gauss-Seidel, Newton-Raphson, decoupled Newton.

Fast-Decoupled, or secondary-adjusted Gauss-Seidel iteration. The user may switch iteration methods at any point in the solution. e Any transformer can be adjusted to control a local or remote bus voltage or real or reactive power flow through itself.

Transformer ratio may be adjusted either continuously or stepwise during Newton Raphson solutions. While continuous adjustment is not a true physical representation,it can be an advantageous step towards a physical solution in certain cases. Ratios can be forced to the nearest physical tap after solution with continuous adjustment e All load flow solution methods recognize both switch and thyristor-controlled static reactive power sources. Switched sources may consist of several stages of reactor and capacitor modules. which are switched sequentially to maintain voltage within a specified band. Thyristor-controlled sources, either reactor or capacitor, are adjusted continuously within rating to hold voltage at a scheduled value.
All solution methods can handle 2 and 3 terminal de transmission.

e Exception reporting can list overloaded lines or transformers, buses with unacceptable voltage, overloaded generators, atypicalinput data, islanded system segments, and out-of-service components.

A simple economic dispatch module is provided to allocate generator outputs system-wide or within a designated subsystem. This function recognizes commitment priority and incremental fuel cost.

e A special double-precision network solution activity allows secondary system flow cases to be converged to very tight tolerances in spite of unfavorable impedance ratios. e Both load flow data and results may be displayed i,a graphical form. The Fault Analysis solution handles all three symmetrical component sequences in full FAULT ANALYSIS detail, and can handle multiple unbalanced events at any combination of buses and phases. The system modeling includes exact treatme.nt of transformer phase shift and of the geographical distribution of zero sequence mutual coupling

Transformer sequence equivalent circuit setup is handled automatically from user-specified data on winding configurations. This facilitates the identification of individual ground currents at buses having multiple ground paths through transformers and other components.

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/ Q) fr" '.,' s + e Two fault analysis processes are provided. The first handles simultaneous events of complex configuration and provides results for all voltages and currents in the system. l This solution allows faults to be at a bus or at any point along a transmission line. The second provides sequential calculation of three-phase and L-G fault solutions for bus. I line-out. and line-end faults throughout a specified subsystem. l

A special module is provided to handle independent-pole switching of a transmission line.

The principal use of this is to develop positive sequence equivalent circuits to represent the incompletely switched line in dynamic simulations. e A double precision option allows high precision in calculations on systems having buses with a large spread of connected branch impedances. e Fault analysis results may be displayed on network one-line diagrams ..w-

DYNAMIC SIMULAT10N e The dynamic simulation section of PSS/E consists of a basic simulation module,together with a library of equipment models that are connected into the skeleton as required.

The simulation model library includes solid and salient pole generator models at the subtransient level, a comprehensive range of excitation system models, turbine-governor, stabilizer, and other control models. The full set of IEEE Transient Stability analysis models (both the "1968 set" and the "1981 set") is included.

e The model library includes load representations giving polynomial dependence of load on bus voltage and frequency, together with detailed differential equation level models of induction-motor loads. The library includes a range of models of de transmissions and static var devices, both with their primary power, current, or Mvar controls and with supplementary " system-stabilizer" controls.

Relay models included in the library cover a range of distance, overcurrent, over/under voltage, and other types. Supervision of relays by one-another can be represented. Relay models can be set to act as programmed, or to observe system behavior and display flags but to refrain from acting.
All dynamic simulation models and the transmission network model recogniz'e the I

dependence of system parameters on frequency.

Any quantity identified in the transmission network or dynamic models may be selected for plotting. Plotting files may be retained for reptotting in comparison with subsequent runs, rescaling, and so on.
Utility programs are provided to assist in the estimation of parameter values of synchronous and induction machines when complete data is not available. The induction machine program calculates and displays the characteristics of torque, power factor,and current versus slip for a proposed set of equivalent circuit parameters. The synchronous machine program calculates and displays the V-curves corresponding to proposed synchronous, transient, subtransient reactance and saturation data.

e The facility is provided to compute the response ratio and open-circuit transient response of excitation systems. This permits the validity of proposed sets of excitation system parameters to be checked by reference to standardized equipment test procedures, A typical application is checking of the excitation ceiling implied by proposed exciter saturation and gain data in cases where exact values of these parameters are not known but the exciter ceiling output is. A similar data testing facility is provided for turbine governor data. I I I I i i i i i i ? o 5 o 4 -i ? l b E.=. d e ? _a - g 3 5 Ji o .a .l l .I l l .I s. l .I l ,y. m. .m. ...s. 7--R 1-2-l 4 e

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,3 th_ I, _ \\ f' j i, p - ~- f Qi (( .f.. g M a A h. &? -t c .s Q G, V 'g J .1 /, ~ ~ Y saur.. ' Unrf '. < ADOW } [ _q 4 L {e -_j___, _ _. s j uur s 1 J p, l' .); } ff sw; u awr; n nerrpt / V: ~ s ,E ~ p 1 2 u j MAu %OGLQ6wwwi w&Gusievna TRANSFER LIMIT The Transfer Limit Analysis section of PSS/E considers a single interchange between a ANALYSIS " study system" a.d an " opposing system." e The analysis takes a base case solution as its starting point and calculates the sensitivity of the flow in each " monitored" branch to a variation of the net interchange between the study and opposing systems. Linear projection then allows estimation of the permissible interchange between the study and opposing system. In this calculation: o D.C. analogy and matrix methods are used to give fast execution. Only real power flow is considered. o The set of monitored branchesincludes all ties of the study system plus anyindividual or multibranch interfaces designated by the user.

The analysis is performed for the base case and for zero, one or two levels of branch outage contingencies. The set of contingendes includes outage of all study system ties plus a user-specified listof additional emple or (ombined branch and generator outages.

Output lists the maximum interchange, the limiting branch or interface, and the flows on all other monitored branches. e A second vanation of Transfer Limit Analysis considers a single study system and two opposing systems. This analysis produces a graphic display of the dependence of the limiting interchange with each opposing system on the interchange with the other.

An insrtial Load Flow solution calculates the generator output. bus voltage, and line flow condstions that would exist o A few seconds after a major load or capacity change (e g, a unit trip) when the system frequency and generator outputs are functions pnmanly of generator inertias and load-voltage-frequency characteristics a Several secor'ds after a load or capacity change when the system frequency and generator outputs are functions of turbine governor regulation and load-voltage-e, frequency characteristics e

The equivalent construction section of PSS/E builds reduced-network models of EQUIVALENT e CONSTRUCTION specified subsystems. This section automates the identification of boundaries between areas, voltage levels, and zones, and handles the " sewing together" of partial system models.

A module is available to perform a simultaneous reduction of corresponding positive, negative, and zero sequence networks for fault analysis purposes.

EIGENVALUE/ FREQUENCY e The time domain simulation section of PSS/E is augmented by activities for analysis of RESPONSE ANALYSIS stability by eigenvalue and frequency response methods. These activities start with a standard time domain simulation setup and use perturbation methods to build up the finear differential equations. i = Ax + Bu t y = Cx + Du desenbing the asymptotic behavior of a group of machines. The linear equations may have order of up to 200 and hence may describe up to about ten t machines modeled in high detail or 100 machines modeled at the classicallevel.

Eigenvalue and frequency response calculations based on classical-level representation can give a usefulindication of the shapes of the basic modes of system oscillation and hence can provide a guide as to where supplemer.tary stabilizers can be applied effectively. Calculations based on detailed modeling are useful both in the design / tuning of individual control loops and, more importantly, in showing interactions between high gain controlloops on generators at different locations.

l e Results may be plotted in Bode and Nyquist plot forms. OPERATION OF FSS/E The Calculator Principle The operation of PSS/E is similar in principle to that of an advanced hand-held calculator. With the calculator, the user places a number in the display register and presses function keys to perform operations on this number. The intelligence needed to select the number and keystroke sequence is provided by the user, the processing power is provided by the calculator. In the case of PSS/E, the " display register" is replaced by a large working file containing a complete positive-negative-zero sequence and dynamics representation of the user's power system; the mathematical functions (keys) of the calculator are replaced by power system analysis functions such as " iterate load flow." " advance time simulation," or " summarize line overloads." + g N j, ;; / s \\ N. ~ \\ / W N h f j u [ .p g,gg- ,,.4=nn a> Ygi f 9 9 +$.:: / 3=M7 .,= m 1 4 ) 1 " s d gi DW~ p m

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e t The basic dialog with PSS/E is an English-language question and answer sequence. The PSS/ E executive has an internal macro-scheduhng capability which allows routine job steps to be handled in batch mode while critical setup and decision-making steps are executed in interactive mode with the engineer taking full control. Program Structure The program is structured as a set of ACTIVITIES which may be invoked by command of the user to perform processing or 1/O operations on a WORKING FILE of system data. The working file is used for all processing, and is backed up by an extensive data file hbrary system which allows for storage and/or retrieval of multiple system representations, solved cases, and output hstings. PSS/E has two principal modes of control; I fullInteractive Mode On initiation the master program module of PSS/E invites the user to specify the first activity to be executed and immediately transfers control to that activity. When any activity is terminated, whether by completion, by user interruption, or by an abnormal condition, control i is returned to the master program module which immediately invites the user to select the next activity. Each activity carries on its own dialogue with the user through the CRT console, may read input data from data storage files or from the console, and may qenerate tabular and/or graphic output at the CRT console, in a file, or on a printing device. Batch Mode PSS/ E may be used in batch mode for routine production runs. Batch runs are specified by a control language in which the user desenbes the run in a set of English-hke sentences. The following example specifies a stability run in which a faulted line is to be tripped. reclosed into the fault, and then tripped and locked out. 7. m., -, re m.-m rew 7 -- y,-. - .v ,7-y ~ ~ 7-.y ..f 6 [. 1 MM %.pWb ~ " N Q ,ms am ammesse,3 ~~~~j g 0 7.n.:.ieum =me,ms. sa - : y (4MW4WissN # 2%kkW I 9 r s.m.., m 7 m c t g l $ N M 8 9, M 15 9_. 8 h 8 E .a: d,3 y (,,, g g,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 7 ', 'im. massinsmems se se ss on, emmer-5 NELS. W 2 K19 W M' M;M ' ]' +- -fans ~mesueWsemess.eueni. s h ~ i.M fM as'eg!W: ^E .;)--l:. ,a ,s e $ dam'gg g e pg'gg, M gQ 1 + <e~ssaseusaseeiusissasee;as - s -> ; i ~ ~ q ' W m m as e en as tes a es. ages t a M 3 e lb 1 W

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9998RAN FEATURES Selective Reporting PSS/ E allows the user a broad range of options in manipulating his system data. Dialog may be carried on in terms of either bus numbers (at random between 1 and 29997).or bus names (eight characters plus four-digit base voltage field). Output reports may be ordered either numerically or alphabetically. All system manipulation operations and reporting activities may work selectively. The selection criteria are area, zone, base voltage level, and bus number. A user can, for example, request an output report for buses in areas 7 through 9 at voltages above 230 kV, or perhaps, examine overloads on all lines at 138 kV and above but ignore overloads in lower voltage circuits. Options PSS/E recognizes a wide variety of user requirements and preferences. Among the i user /selectable options are: e 50 or 60 Hz base frequency e ' Names' or ' Number' bus identification. i e Load flow output in MVA or KVA.

Fault analysis results in rectangular or polar coordinates, and in kV/ Amp or per unit va'ues Multiple Sizing PSS/E is supplied in standard-installation versions with capacities of 1000,2500,4000 buses. The maximum program capacity is up to 12000 buses, depending on the host computer type.

Industry Standard Data Interfaces PSS/E can accept load flow input data in several formats that are widely recognized by utilities in the U.S A. The preferred input medium for load flow is nine-track magnetic tape in PSS/E, IEEE Common," Philadelphia." or "WSCC" format. PSS/E can produce load flow tapes in each of these formats for transmitting data to other computers. While there is not yet any widely used standard for dynamic simulation and fault-analysis data, special interfaces can be provided to allow PSS/E to accept this data from other programs. BRAFNtCS Displays While PSS / E may be operated in a minimum configuration computer system having text-only input-output devices, it is normally used with both hard-copy and CRT graphics units. The graphic display capabilities of PSS/E include: e Load flow one-line diagrams showing voltages branch flow, equipment status, and impedances.

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Plotted dynamic simulation results e Single bus data and results summaries e Graphic verification of generator, induction motor, tranformer data.

Hard-copy Power system engineering requires extensive written reporting of analyses, and rapid production of hard-copy graphicsis a major factorin the use of PSS/E.TheVersatecV 80is the main graphics unit for PSS/ E: primanly because of its ability to produce high-resolution drawings of 8-1/2 x 11 and 17 x 11 inch size at high speed. A PSS/E load flow diagram can show a system segment of up to 122, buses, with full annotation on a 17 x 11 inch diagram. Versatec V-80 units may be located either at the computer site or, with an auxiliary controller, at a remote user site. Calcomp. Tektronix pen plotter, and other hard-copy units can be supported in specific computer and operating system environments.

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CRT-Graphics The CRT graphic subsystem complements the hard-copy graphics functions of the basic PSS/E package. CRT displays have the same format as the standard hard-copy graphic outputs of PSS / E, with the added capability to zoom in on areas of specific interest. The CRT graphic subsystem also provides a graphic-based data examination and change facility. PSS/E currently supports the full line of TEKTRONIX CRT terminals via the PLOT 10-lGL interface software. Alternatively, a number of TEKTRONIX-compatible terminals such as the Retrographics 640 may be used. On IBM systems, the IBM 3279 and IBM 3290 graphic CRT terminals are also supported via the IBM GDOM software. When available, color can be used to highlight overloads, overvoltages, undervoltages, and kV levels. Graphic Interaction Interaction bet *een CRT displays and the user is via the cursor or crosshairs of the CRT. The cursor /crosshairs may be used to: Direct the load flow display to zoom in on a specific point. o o Select display options from a menu. o Direct the data examinatiun/ change function to a specific bus or branch. f { The load flow output and dynamics plotting CRT graphic activities allow immediate j " redrawing" of the display on the hard-copy device. This allows the user to " experiment" with ~ the scaling of plots at the CRT and then commit his favored results to permanent form with a minimum of commands to the computer. Digitizer Drawing Input A further optional section of PSS/E allows use of a digitizer to prepare and update the j one-line diagrams used in the graphic output activities, j L .I l i l / l f/ l $( l). i lll' " l J.j .m ' s. k %%G2 i

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~ __m , m i t NOST COMPUTERS PSS/ E is currently available for the following computer systems: Appollo DN-460 and DN-660 Data General MV-X000 series DEC VAX-11 series IBM VM/ CMS, MVS. and MVS/XA systems Prime Sperry 1100 series 4 Specific hardware and software options are required in all cases; PTl can assist in the { specification of suitable computer configurations < j TRAlWNSAug The PSS/E package includes installation and training by PTl as follows: SUPPOEI o installation and testing of the PSS/E system in the user's computer. o A five-day training seminar for user engineers at the user's offices. The PSS/E package includes the following reference material: e Program Application Manual giving details of program capabilities, engineering aspects of its use and data setting requirements. I e Program Operations Manual giving details of input formats, console procedures and error i conditions. e Data Exchange Manual to allow external utility sources to prepare data for PSS/E users. I The PSS/ E system can be supplied by PTl either as an allinclusive system of hardware and software, or as a package of programs for installation on an independently obtained j computer of suitable specification. t 4 FSA FURTNEg Contact Timothy F. Laskowski, Senior Engineer INFORMATION or j Dr. John Undrill, Principal Engineer j Power Technologies. Inc. P.O. Box 1058 Schenectady, New York 12301 4 Tel. (518) 374-1220 Telex 145498 POWER TECH SCH I i i i i i i f { l l I i f 1 .--.,.,.--,.m.e--, ..,.c--e n,n,,y-n ,m,_,,wr.-e.,.m n-c n.,w,,_a,,v-,,,,. .wp,,,
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INTRODUCTION Electricalenergyis a most critical PTI has been helpingindustrial element in the operation of an industrial clients and engineering firms engineer plant. Modern electrical power systems electrical power systems since 1969. must be cost effective and reliable. These sen' ices include conceptual The design of an industrial power design; steady-state, dynamic, and system requires experience and transient system performance studies; knowledge of the process to be served software products; specialized hard-and the ability to use analytical tools ware; field testing; failure analysis; to fit the power system to the process and educational programs. j requirements. 1 sc-e, nI 5 g ). 1 [ 'ee-- ig,r,si = ac 17 i a W P, P t " N6 o, u .;. m m u T@ qr n 3 O d,^ 6 " ;1
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN The conceptualdesign of a power formanceisthe ability of the system AND SYSTEM RELIA 01UTY system must takeinto account the to respond to short time disturbances steady state, dynamic, and transient such as motor stating and operation of characteristics of the system to ensure large motors during system distur. the optimum performance of the drives bances. The transient characteristic of and other utilization equipment. The the system determines the quality of system must be easy to maintain, operation of static power converters operate within the short circuit rating during commutation and theirinter-of equipments, and provide reliability action with drive system regulators. commensurate with cost oflost pro-Reliability is assessed by experience duction. and by computer analysis. Steady state performanceis tested As anindependent company, PTlcan byload flow cases that show effects be completely objective in specifying of transformer taps, capacitors, and equipment and in evaluating the circuit arrangements on voltages and qualifications of equipment suppliers. I equipment loadings. Dynamic per- .--_.-..,e._- m.y 1 (' ,.,.,n-t,- ~ r m. a. e. ... n. .e n.. : I L"Ma'.,* '." ".". "E' e... e.n, t - l " ""u".".".". ' l r .u,,e.. ,u .s.. 7 av g to t.tn at,e[ept met 4 5 - ( E P.t,9 6 # _0.ag.3/.' $.55 GPif f { e.50 3/ 3.. N kwv, e n; ales p.sstava f e.sseet e.es' re .a$i.e i usurava e.au.o # ~ a [..... r ..a --a.u n', n.[" Is!d. ' ".h' '~ i,e h ?. sYs'w**si!E ~ ! e N N [IE P f !! !'A,u,,' "I '.lolv er:2. 3": ' 2 r l r, s.= s % m s r w t... T of hneL2 a deithermer X2o hheL4, n r j Events 1. Overlappmg outae Xt.transfor ge be erpla toutputto n D r nsform ofhnesLf a dL2 reQuin gthepow ^ tra n n MW be cu tadedto36Overlappmg outage e pla toutputto ,[ n r p '3 e e, r of knesLt.L2 anderpla toutputtotw [J L1 requen gthepow a 2 n MW j ,t cu tadedto62 3 overlappingoutneL3 requin gthepo n r w n astone tafsoged, average u [ s mt n r, r
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STABILITY Dynamic simulation is essentialin important where bus-fed excitation LOAD SHEDDING assuring trouble-free operation of plants is used) and apparent impedance MOTOR STARTING with generation or large synchronous trajectories for setting out-of-step, and induction motor loads. Growing loss-of-excitation, and synchronous use of induction generators adds a new motor " power factor" relays. Under-dimension to industrial system planning frequency and undervoltageload and frequently warrants simulation shedding relay strategies are developed studies. Simulation is useful in selecting from accurate simulations of isolated and setting protective relays, pro-operation following separation from the viding actual fault current decay (very utility supply. t u i u v i y 'l 6 I I I I I I E _ ;4 y~5/ f Ny, /," ,.-.._.A s i . m:. f [ s s j .i. 8 ,r l*\\,/ ~ ~ '. h y _
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MACHINE AND Though required only in special hading. Use of capacitors to start NETWORK TRANSIENTS situations, analysis of machine and large motors, improving power factor network transients can be critical to beyond.95, throw-over, reclosing, and successfulimplementation of a new or other problems may require simulation unusual drive system or control of electrical and shaft torsional trans-equipment. Examples include applica-ients. Machine and network transient tion of thyristor controlled reactive analysisis also used to determine power sources to stabilize voltage proper grounding, switchgear applica-transients caused by arc furnaces, tion, surge protection devices, and to mine hoists, metal rolling mills, and aidin product failure analysis. drives subject to pulsating or impact W F w 1 t I b? d n j i _L 1 a T T I I: /! ' ? L O () () . (,., ~ ~ ' ~ -- L F l] I I ~~~ .,[ T
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l HARMONIC ANALYSIS Theincreasing use of static power Field tests can include spot checks of converters and other harmonic harmonic levels or long term recording generating loads coupled with increas-of data forlater automatic computer ing sensitivity of control equipment, analysis. To avoid harmful resonances, is making analysis and controlof filters can be combined with power harmonic currents a major concern factor improvement capacitors to limit throughout the industry. PTl applies voltage distortion. "Ilarmonic load flow" both field measurement and analytical studies take into account impedances tools to these harmonic problems. that change with frequency. WWllipW 9 WWWWG w unemumme_ ,svg io i, ww avna-w= l o i.,;. i. E.F i T.-. www9- -wwy I-g i +'- - wve - ,,,,,-._-y=""- ..- 7.::. 9gggW.g g g g.W. W WWi- .; 2 m_ _ e l l l l l l t T a, 1 1 l = [ r -= S f _I,] "I" a t 5 1 4 c.) ,a.. n 1 l\\ 5 I! 9 llll = ll m I M lI Hli' !. - g l i ;l 1 = '!f$\\ A-lN \\,,, %s w, 3 00 60 '20 18 0 24 0 EO Hase %c B l w ~ [ _-_l l
REl.AY SELECTION An appropriate complement of properly equipment protection and freedom AND COORDINATION set circuit protective devices is essential from unnecessary tripping. Thisis for good system performance. Though particularly important where processes fairly uniform practices have evolved in require continuity of electrical power. the selection of protective devices, Increasing use of cogeneration intro-it takes an experienced engineer to duces special problems relating to utility ensure that the protective system practice on reclosing and protection. achieves an acceptable trade aff between p m.y ~.m.. .c m y - - --.- m y .j '.7 ,, p! f '"p---9 4g;; g' t "~.W 4. ;""% 5yq-
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POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT The total cost of energy purchased which will furnish the reactive pmver from an electric utility is dependent (kvar) locally. l upon two factors: energy (kWh) charge Capacitors affect system voltages, (related to fuel) and a demand (kVA) and can aggravate harmonic voltages charge,(related to the capital expendi-and currents. Selection, location, and ture to deliver that energy). The latter operation of capacitors require careful l is dependent on the total amount of engineering to ensure efficient system I kW and kVA delivered over a specified performance, with safeguards against time period. The demand charge can adverse harmonic resonances. be minimized by installing capacitors 1 ,,. -'] e' l l Cost Savings Analysis _m,, ~ ' ~ ~ ' ' ' ' 1 Demand charge 9 8/KVA
== Reductat in demand = 6000 - 4948 = 1052 KVA Savings = 1052 KVA x 9 8/KVA = $9468/ month e'* -1 l Capacitor installed Cost $10/KVAR 2400 KVAH u 10 $/KVAR== $24000 ,/ ( Payout $24000 = 2 5 months i 1 __ _ _ J_a_e b U f. [1 1 n - a I ~ s m 'M
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FAILURE ANALYSIS Equip.aent failures can be very costly by PTI.When the cause of a failure in terms of lost production, equipment is unclear, or responsibility for the repair or replacement. When equip-failure must be determined, expert ment does fail, it is often important to assistance may be warranted. PTl assess responsibility for the failure. offers inspection and analytical Cable, cable joint, transformer, switch-assistance to explain the cause and gear, arid motor and control failures recommend changes to prevent re-are among the many equipment mal-occurrence. Expert witness services functions that have been investigated can also be provided. 'N .;. KY .;.T W.
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1 SPECIALTY HARDWARE PTl has developed microprocessor PTI's all-digital stabilizer (SS/1) based load shedding systems that avoid may be usefultoindustrial plants the unpredictability and overshedding located at remote points on utility inherent in underfrequency load shed-networks, or in areas where utility ding. They offer nearly instantaneous system damping is light or inadequate. load tripping to balanceload and This device, universally applicable to generation following trip of a generator all generators,is connected to the or utility source. The system can also excitation system and modulates the l provide economic dispatch, regulation excitation to damp spontaneous oscilla-of utility tie energy flow, reporting, tionsin addition to those following and demand control. faults or other disturbances. M = 1 l I s s s k 5 \\ y s A k v , ~ l~ )- gell-A. a,
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.,l ij i. LD/1 Specifications - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - -- -- - ] t-e' i Mastmum Numberof Generators or Ties Monitored 15 m \\ - ~ ~ - ?- - --- h - Maximum Number of / Loads Controlled 30 s Analog inputs 45 s ','N-'**",'y*' Dig tat Out ts \\ o Computer INTEL 80286 Computer Memory 512 Bytes RAM Program Storage BUBBLE f %e, i2a ve at 4740 s, j u m__
\\ t SOFTWARE PTI's software tools are highly Coordination, and Phase Unbalance. developed and supported on a broad O PSS/E-Power System Simulator: range of computers from the PC class Full scale load flow, stability, and to mainframes. The principal items of general purpose dynamic simulation. the PTllibrary are available for O MNT/E-Machine and Network installation in clients' computers, or Transient: Shaft Torque Amplification, for use via telephone access to PTI's Power System liarmonic Character-computer. istics Time Varying Electromagnetic The programs of maininterest to Response. industrial users are: PTI provides full services for O PSS/U-Utilization Level Power installation of these programs on System Simulator: Load Flow, Short clients' computers, user training, Circuit and Circuit Breaker Duty. Relay program maintenance, and updating. j .g ,n., s O .-[' J T y Y T 1 P S I ~ WM M' t I 'l ~3N N me w' "~ jn C '.'..:.7 '.,*:.'... -.
l EDUCATION PTI has graduated over 600 students Coursesinclude specialties such as from The Power Technology Course, a system dynamics, cables, harmonics, graduate level power engineering and protection. PTrs comprehensive program. Short courses are regularly course in Industrial Power Systems is taught in the Schenectady offices and a major offering in this series. at locations throughout the world. ,w a, l ,. + ' ,t r u i~ ~" ,*, ey^._ 'l,%*h .;0 en ,.g. W. , _ - (( %. g
j Memo: Selected Short Courses a P>wer Plant Pertarmance meo' a steam Generation Comance and Ootimiraf+on
~ ' ' s Steam Turbine Nrtor a her System Dynamics s industrea# Nwer Systems 3 Nwer Plant Ma+ntenance Scheduhngm Scheduhng and Operatio n 3 e her System Plantng Techniques 1 a Nwer System Overvoitages arut inculation [ 3 Power Syste n Contdinar o ms 5 Underground Cab 8e Syste m t Cable and Accessory f ado e Analys ' 8 r B Power Distreutson Systems
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Power Technologiesincorporated is O Failure Analysis an independent, employee-owned O Software company supplying services and O Simulation & Control products, worldwide,in: O Experimental Programs O Analytical Engineering O Education Programs -4 X- -- - -ic=:= -- -- - - - - - = u___::= =- m- _g rL a _m
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== --= = _ _ - = = = = = - - - - - We welcome your inquiry. F. Paul de Mello Principal Engineer or Ray P. Stratford Manager Industrial Power Systems Power Technologies, Inc. Tel:(518)374-1220 Telex: 145498 POWER TECil ~ a =
e e J f 1 .g 0 POWER TECHNOLOGES INC. 1482 Ete Blvd. Schenectady NY 1230S BULLETIN 400-5 Su s' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _}}

ML20215E462

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ML20215E462

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

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