ML20206T815

Submits Concerns Re Transfer of Three Mile Island Unit 1 Operating License to Amergen Energy Co

ML20206T815
Person / Time
Site:	Crane
Issue date:	01/03/1999
From:	Shawn Williams AFFILIATION NOT ASSIGNED
To:	Shirley Ann Jackson, The Chairman NRC COMMISSION (OCM)
References
CON-#199-19980 LT, NUDOCS 9902120059
Download: ML20206T815 (35)

Text

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..c e [ gN. f. 9 .i,... O. i THE ATOMIC ATTORNEY GENERAL.e. - ~' BYHdRVEYWASSERM kY/. l' l Ten years after. loca! Pennsylvanians The Bush administration is.a' de-l still bitterly denounce then governor / manding that America's d' .. dated Richard Thornburgh-now the U.S. ,i atomic. bomb factories ntinue to attorney general-for delaying their - operate despite devas.ating health evacuation during the Three Mile is-and environmental problems. But (g,a :.. T.M.I.gave Thornburgh a unique per. land accident and for downplaying its s health effects. Indeed. In Thorn- +t sonal stake in nuclear power. burgh. the atomic-power industry has g Withinhoursof theMarch28.1979. I its own attorney general. uniquely ), - meltdown. one of the world's leading I suited to the rabid pro-nuclear posi- % ' expertsonthe healtheffectsof radia- .i tion of George Bush. Chief of Staff ~ ....., tion--the University of Pittsburgh's Or. John Sununu. and Secretary of En-trying to buf! doze localopp'osition,and. i Ernest Sternglass.'-warned Thorn-ergy James Watkins. forceopenNewYork'sShorehamand.. burgh.,to immediately evacuate at Bush. Sununu. and Watkins are New Hampshire's Seabrook reactors ',.least pregnant, women and small chil ' l '3 rj.. :.i:'I.M.'c/OC.t,fi.Tr 9 y.comuto oN PAGEy2{ 120 PENTHOUSE l. \\ g .4 e

I I p!aN " recalls MacLeod. "He was now presidential ambitions. Me s ceepiy ~ cemm a t lling me to leave af ter just eight mor%s committed to the Reagan agenda, but drsn from the area. His os, ltcretary because things were 'just not wo j much more capable of carryingit out. - of health and longtime friend, Dr. Gor-out.'" The governor publicly blameo ine He never acted in the best interest of don MacLeod also urged an evacua-firing on "a difference in administrative the people of Pennsylvania, but was al

• lion "in the strongest possible terms." style." But the U.P.I. reported that ways ready to take credit when be -

Yet the owners of the $900 mi!! ion re-MacLeod had been the " state govem-could." As this story we to press, actor assured the public that the acci-ment's harshest critic of the way the Thornburgh's of fice lailt. io respond te dent posed no health danger at all. Thornburgh administration responded Ponthouse's request for comment on his MacLeod is a te!!ow Republican and to the Three Mile Island accident. And handling of the accident and its af ter-an advocate of nuclear power. A re-that may have been why he was fired." math. But T.M.I.'s bitter legacy will spected professor of pubhc health, he The last thing the industry wanted was clearly dog the attomey general for the served in the Nixon administration and a Gordon MacLeod handling research rest of his career. At the very least, was a special adviser to the United Na-into the long-term offects of the world's Richard Thornburgh now has a unique hons. Like Sternglass, MacLeod feared most notorious reactor accident. " Health persorat interest in making sure no one T.M.1/s lethal fallout. But for two and a is really going to be downplayed in the proves T.M.I.-sized radiation doses can half crucial days Thornburgh heeded whole Three Mile Island issue " warned cause harm. If they do-and the evi-ihe assurances of the nuclear industry MacLeod,"and the reasons for this are dence is mounting fast-his steady and did nothing, not entirely clear to me." climb to national power could find itself Then Joseph Hendric, head of the Af ter MacLeod's dismissal, inde-stittbom. His moral stature will be for-Nuclear Regulatory Commission, told pendent studies were performed that ever contaminated by the suffering of Thornburgh that if he had a pregnant indicated serious health effects were those who were not properly evacuated wife in the area, he'd get her out. "be-associated with the accident. But during those lethal early hours of the~ cause we don't know what is going to T.M.f. disaster, when he scorned Ernest happen." Hendrie also later character-Stemglass, ignored and then fired Gor-ited the N.R.C. in its response to T.M.I. don MacLeod, and then oversaw a De-as being "like a couple of blind men g partment of Health apparently dedi-cated to proving that the accident staggenng around making decisions." Thornburgh's poorly ceordinated harmed no one and to making sure no evacuation was finally impemented Thornburgh now one else proved otherwise. I more than two days af ter the meltobwn hO O Ue personal or maimed because the state failed to "we all wonder how many were killed began. "Thomburgh's performance was . !OreSt.in making evacuate," says larmer Jane Lee. In worse than abysmat," says Jane Lee, a f armer living three miles from the plant Sure no One proves T.M.I.. " Sooner or later, Thomburgh will have who has spent the last decade tracking to answer for those two and a ha!! days, sized radiat.lOn when people were out mowing their the health effects of the accident. "He reacted as if his primary responsibility doses can cauSe harm. lawns, children waiting for buses, play-was to protect the public-relatiens ci-ing in school yards, never suspecting fort of the nucicar industry" g what was coming down on them. By early Apn!, dozens of local farm- / "The state will also have to answer for ers were reporting widespread deaths, all these years of fudging health data." mutations in newborns, and stillbirths she adds. "And.that means Richard among their animals. Several scientists Thornburgh. He has no business being and at least one local veterinarian Thornburgh's new secretary of health, attorney general of the United States. pointed fingers at the fallout from T.M.l. Dr. H. Arnold Muller, proceeded to is-He should be in jail." t Pennsylvania's Department of Agricul-suo a long series of reports exonerating i ture immediately fired o!! a " survey" T.M.I. at every tum. In at least one key Harvey Wasserman has been reporting purporting to prove that none of the case, the Health Department refused on tiuclearissues since 1973 andis co-hvestock problems could be linked to private researchers access to crucial author of Killing Our Own: The Disaster the plant. The report was later ripped data for independent investigation. of America's Experience With Atomic apart by an investigative team from the Resuming his work at Pittsburgh's Radiation (Delra). His Harvey Wasser-Baltimore News-American, denounced Graduate School of Public Health, man's History of the United States has by at least 3G local farmers, and even MacLeod gave interviews, published been re-published by four Walls Eight questioned by one D.O.A. spokesman. papers, and made speeches at profes. Windows.O+ g Animals weren't the industry's only sional-organization gatherings criticiz-problem. MacLeod publicly wamed that ing the Thomburgh administration's re. the state was still woefully unprepared sponse to the accident and its refusal to handle another meltdown. Bitter dis-to disclose relevant statistics. He also pute also erupted when local mothers forced the Pennsylvania Department of reported disturbing nurT,bers of still-Health to make public evidence of a births, mutations, infant deaths, and dramatic increase in hypothyroidism-unexplained illnesses among their chil-a radiation-related disease among dren. In view of these developments,. newborns. For years af ter, MacLeod has MacLeod drafled plans to study in de-continued to wam that neither Pennsyl-tail any diseases that might be caused vania nor the federal government is by T.M.I. latlout. To guarantee impar-prepared for another meltdown. hality, he appointed an oversight panel Thornburgh has also been on the independent of the govemor's office, stump. "He spoke everywhere about the l Chatred by Dr. Leroy Bumey, a former great response of the state to the ac- : U.S. surgeon general. cident," says Esic Epstein of the Harris-l But on October 9. Thomburgh fired burg-based citizens' group T.M.t. Alert. his friend. " Dick had really worked hard "He's a very slick, threwd politician, very 132 PENTHOUSE I l ,-s + - _ =, =

l 3 ..). v I 1 - Who Knows What GPU Has Not Reported Or Identified Editor: Recendy General Public U-to wear a respirator while was delayed due to brake The leaks were caused b; tilities (GPU) has run a undressing men who had failure of the polar crane, faulty metal gaskets. The i series of newspaper ads entered highly radioactive GPU vented radioactive problem was not publicly geared to misinform the areas. On August 11,1984, gases into the environment. reponed. public on the cleanup of two days before an admin-Theventingoccurreddespite Presently, GPU has ap-TMI-II. The ads create a istradve law judE was to pledges by GPU and the NRC that no venting would, plied to the NRC to dump distorted reality and give the hear the case, Pennsyl mto the Susquehanna River misleading impression that reached an out-of-court takeplaceduring theheadlift' or evaporate into the at-the cleanup has-gone agreement with GPU. operation. GPU was later mosphere, 2.1 million gal. smoothly and without ' March 22,1983 - TMI-II imed $40,000 by the NRC lons of accident-generated, incident, when in fact there senior-safetyengineer, Rich-for the brake problem. radioactive. water. have been numerous me-ard Parks, pubhcly charged. February 10-12, 1985 -- This of~ course is only a chanical and managerial GPU and Bechtel Corp., The Philadelphia partial list of the numerous problems. joint-managers of the Inquirer reponed that spills, leaks, exposures and GPU claims that they have cleanup, with deliberately records at TM1 demonstrated contaminations at Unit-II. i met " tough challenges with circumventmg safety pro-that in hundreds of cases, Who knows what GPU has, pioneering solutions" and cedures, and harassing him workers had been contam-done that has not been that they are "proud of what and others for reponing inated by radioactive ma-reported or identified. And they (GPU employees) have these violations. On August terials either on the skin or most importantly, who accomplished."let's look at 12,1985 the NRC levied a through ingestion. The knows how many people some of the " pioneering. S64,000 fine against GPU result was that,the workers havebeenadverselyaffected, solutions" their " pride" had and Bechtel for mtimidanng were living in a state of both psychologically and c;njured up for the residents and harassing Parks. anxiety, fearing cancer, birth physically, as a result of the of Central Pennsylvania March 27,1983 - Larry defects and possible genetic accident and their mis-during the cleanup. King, former site operatmg ' damage to future genera-handling of the cleanup. 3 . July 1980 - 43,000 curies mana TMI-II, and tions. There are now over 2,000 of radioacdve krypton-85 Park'ger at s former boss, publicly August 14,1985 - 3,000. health suits filed against and other radioacuve gases supponed Park's. charges, gallons-of low-level ra-GPU as a result of the were vented from Unit-II. claiming he was improperly dioactive water leaked into accident. (TMI was designed to dismissed for mststmg the containment building at Finally, we should not i release approximately 770 safety procedures be fol-Unit-II. ' forget that this " pioneering" ' curies of krypton-85 a year). lowed. February 1986-One celledi com' any has the distinct, p In November of 1980 the . April 2,1983 - TMI-II organisms believed to be honor of causing the worst U.$, Circuit Court of plant engineering, director fungus, bacteria and algae-nuclearaccidentmAmerican Appeals for the District of Edwin Gishel signed an like creatures, obscured the history, and.is the only Columbia ruled that the affidavit charging GPU and view of the reactor core and utility operating a nuclear venting was illegal. ' Bechtel' with harrassment, delayed the cleanup. circum.. May 28,1986 - Argon gas ' power plant with a crimina August 12, 1982' - intimidadon and convicuon under its belt.c. Cleanup worker William vention of safety procedures. was foundleaking from mne

/

Eric Epstein Pennsyl was fired for-July 24-27,1984 During fuel cannisters containin The writtr is ym.. okes insisting that he be allowed th' re : tor head lift, which highly radioacdve materia. man gr;,, e / e W

s N) b Jr.fi 25,1938 DEAR PRES. RO::ALD REAG4N,. I.:7 nAME IS 5HERYL WILLIAMS. I LIVE IN MIDDLEE"CI, PA, HOME OF EREE MILE ISLAliD NUCLEAR l POWER PLANT. I'M WRITING TO YOU ARE THE ONLY PERSON j LEFT WHO CAN SPED SOME LIGHT ON SOME PROBLH4S THAT LIES III YOUR GOVEEIMENT OFFICES,, WHICH ARE LOCATED l IN WASHIKGTON, DC AUD HARRISBURG,, PA. SDiCE THE HUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT EREE MILE ISLAND IK 1979, EiESE GOVER:04ENT OFFICES HAVE BEm COMPLETELY UI! FAIR TO' ME,. NY FAMILY AIID THE PUBLIC.- MY HUSBAND, MY CHILDREI AND I HAVE BEM H;VOLVED IN LEGAL LITIf!ATIO:T AGAINST THREE MILE ISIAliD. WE ARE

0T EUKES, NOR DO WE BELONG TO A:sY ANTI NUKE GROUPS.-

WE ARE JUST REGULAR PEOPLE,. WHO CARE ABOUT THIS TOWN,. AED IT'S PEOPLE AED OUR HEALTH. YOUR GOVETiMEiT 0FFICES HAVE BEDi GIVING THE PUBLIC NOMIRG BUT LIES j AI;D POSSIBLE PAY OFFS TO KEEP PEOPLE QUIET. DN BOTH MARCH 1979 AND IN AUGUST 1CJ84, THREE MILE ISLARD RELEASED INTO THE AIR VERY HIGHLT UI! SAFE DANGEROUS LEVELS OF RADIATION, AND NEVER TOLD A::IONE. EVER SUICE THEN, Mr HAIR HAS BEDT FALLING OUT. THIS HAS BEEN DIAGNOSED AND CONFIRMED BY FAMILY DOCTER. I DOII'T GET DIVOLVED IN BIG PROBLH!S, BUT WHEN IT C0;CERI S EE HEALTH OF MY FAMILY AND I ARD THE PUBLIC,. I GET HIGHLY UPSET. I FEEL THAT AS A TAXPAYER AHD LOHGTlME REPUBLICAN VOTER,. I'M ENTITLED TO KNOW THE TRUE. I'VE BEIN TRYING TO GET TRUTHFUL ANSWERS ER THE PAST HINE (9)yeg. AND STILL I HAVE NOT BEES ABLE E TRUST ANYONE. MY TELEPHONE HAS BEEN TAPPED,. PEOPLE STELL ONE OF MY FRIDIDS GARBAGE NY MAIL BAS BEHT TAMPERED WITH, WITH ABSOLUTELY NO HELP OR DiFORMATION FROM THE POST OFFICE MASTER GEIERAL IN MIDDLETOWN, PA OR BE POST OFFICE MASTER GEiERAL Di HARRISBURG, PA. PIDPLE HAVE EVEN GONE AS FAR AS TO TEREATER OUR LIVES EVERY OUT OF HAND. EVH1 WITH MY A'PID3NEY,EDiG IS GETTING WHOM I SUSPECT MAY BE'INTDITIONALLY DELAYING OUR TRIAL. WE WANT OUR DmY IN COURT FOR munt AND JUSTICE. I HAVE GIVDi MY ATERXET A LOT OF INFORMATION AND HAVE ASKED HIM SEVERAL TIMES TO INVESTIGATE VERY SERIOUS ALLEGATIONS TO STRENGTHIN OUR CASE AGAMST THREE MILE ISLAND,. BUT.NONE OF MY ALLEGATIONS HAVE BDEN LOOKED DTE OR DiVESTIGATED.

.) I._,i b. s HERE IS A PARTIAL LIST OF 0072;C.NE3T OFFICES frIAT I O VE CONTACTED IN THE I;.ST HINE (9) YEARS. L NRC AGENT GARY SANDBORS-ONCE WORKED lE THE NRC OFFICE IN MIDDLETOWN, PA LAST HEARD,. AGERT SANDBORN WAS WORKniG AT SE NRC OFFICE IN KING OF PRUSSIA.. PA. AGENT SANDBORN WAS PROVIDED WIE VITAL DiF0mATION ABOUT EE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT THREE MILE ISIAND M AUGUST,1979 HE REVER EVESTIGATED ANY OF MY AL:.EGATIONS, NOR WAS ANY OF MY MFORMATION GRUED OVER TO THE PROPER FEDERAL AUEORITIES TO BE INVESTIGATED. D STEAD, AGENT SANDBORN RAN STRAIGHT TO EREE MILE ISIAND AND TOLD HIGH. RANKING OFFICIAL'S THERE EVERYTHHiG EAT I TOLD HE4.

2. NRC AGENT JOHN COLLIHS-ONCE WORKED IN THE NRC OFFICE IN MIDDLETOWN,. PA MI HUSBAND KEPT ASKING NRC AGENT COLLINS 'ID INVESTIGATE HIS STORIES AND ALLEGATIONS AGAINST EREE MILE ISLAND HE RAN TO HIGH RANKDG OFFICIALS WORKDIG AT EREE MILE ISIAND AND TOLD THEM EVERYSING I TOLD JOHX COLLINS. RIGHT AFTER THAT, NRC AGERT JOHN COLLIES ASKED TO BE TRANSFERRED TO A NRC OFFICE IN TEXAS.

3 NRC AGERT VICTOR GILIRSKY-ONCE WORKED IN NE NRC OFFICE IN WASHIRGTON, DC. NRC A GERT GILINSKY WAS PROVIDED WIE TWO (2) MAI!USCRIPTS WRITTE ABOUT EREE MILE ISLAND. ONE OF THESE MANUSCRIPTS WAS WRITTEN BY HUSBWD, THE OTHER MANUSCRIPT WAS WRITTER BY A GUY FROM OKLAHOMA. MR GILDTSKT WAS ALSO PROVIDED WIE NUMEROUS LETTERS ABOUT GE GI ACCIDENT. HE COVERED EVER1nuNG UP. HE READ EVERYni.utG I SHIT HIM,. THER HE SERT IT ALL BACK TO ME. NOMING WAS NEVER INVESTIGATED. WE NEVER HEARD FROM VICTOR GILDISKY AGAIN. f+ DR. HELIRY MYERS-THIS INFORMATION WAS ORIGINALLY GIVEN TO CONGRESSMAN ALLEN ERTEL. HE WAS TOO BUSY EmuuaGEUR.tGOVtxtua DF "PEMh311NANTAsMDINVE5ETATE ANT OF OUR ALLEGATIONS. JUST HINK PRESIDERT REAGAK RUNNING FOR GOVERNOR OF PA WAS MORE IMP 0kTANT THAN THE LIVES AND HEALE AND SAFETY OF THE PEOPLE OF PEE!NA. DR HERRY MYERS TRIED TO GET MY FAMILY AND I TO DRIVE DOWN TO HAGERSTOVE,. MD FDR A (KARm SILKWOOD TRIP) TO MEET WITH-OTHER NRC AGE:ITS AND ONER PEOPLE INSOME STRANGE MOTEL. 1 __n

l9 ) PAGC TIU?EE ~' 5 ACTIMG US ATTORNEY GENERAL JAMES WEST. M.R. WEST WORKS OUT OF THE FEDERAL BUILDING IN HARRISBURG, FERNA. MR. WEST WAS PROVIDED WITH THIS IMPORTANT IHERMATION IN MARCH 1983. AND IT WAS STRICTLY DITENDED TO BE TURNED OVER TO THE FEDERAL GRAND JURY INVESTIGATION ABOUT MI8S CONDUCT AND OPERATIONS OB THE PLANT. I STRONCLY FEEL THAT OUR NAMES AND INFORMATI0% WERE NEVER TURNED OVER 10 THE FEDERAL GRAND JURY, & ALSO THAT THREE MILE ISLAND'S CONUICTION FOR WRONG DOING WAS FAR FROM LEGAL AND UNDER THE TABLE. THIS IS OBSTRUCTIOY OF JUSTICE AND FEDERAL GRAND JURY TAMRERING. JAMES WRST IS ALSO THE ONE WHO PROSECUTED BUDD DWIER AND CAUSED HIM TO COMMIT SUICIDE ON LIVE TELEVISION 6 NRC ATIORNEY ARTHUR GOLDBERG-MR GOLDBERG CAME HERE T6 MIDDLEIOWN, TO THE 7MI OBSERVATION CENTER TO MEET WITH US AND TO ASK MY HUSBAND WHAT HE KNEW ABOUT THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT 'D4I.. I HAD A QUESTION 10 ASK MR GOLDBERG, AND ALL THAT MR GOLDBERG SAID TO ME WAS TO SEUT UP AN'D MIND MY OWN BUSINESS. THESE ATTORNEY'S HAVE WITH-HELD VALUABLE INFORMATION CONCMNING THE (TRUTH) AND ACCIDENT AT TdREE MILE ISLAND. MR PRESIDDIT, WITH ALL OF THESE GOVERNMENT OFFICE EMPLOYEES HAVING ALL OF THIS INFORMATION IN THEIR HANDS, HOW COMES NO ONE CAN TELL (THE TRUTH). IF THE RUSSIANS CAN COME CLEAN WITH THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT CHERN0BYLSO CAN YOU AND THE UNITED STATES C04E CLEAN ABOUT THE NHCLEAR ACCIDDIT AT THREE MILE ISLAND. I WOULD HATE TO SEE THIS INFORMATION AND ACCIDENT BECOME ANOTHER (WATER-GATE) OR (IRAN-CONTRA SCANDE) ALSO MR PRESIDDIT, THIS IS ELECTION YEAR, AND THIS INFORMATION COULD FALL IN TO THE HANDS OF THE-DD40CRATIC PARTY NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS IF THEY GET TBIS INFORMATION,. IT WILL SURELY BECOME PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE. MR PRESIDERT,, YOU ARE OUR LAST HOPE TO GET SOME TRUTHFUL ANSWERS ABOUT THREE MILE ISLAND,. AND OUR GOVERNMENT OFFICES. I WOULD ALSO LIKE A (WLL) INVESTIGATION ABOUT OUR ALLEGATIONS FROM SOMEONE IN WASHINGTON,, DC WHO YOU TRULY TRUST, SINCEII CAN'T TRUST OUR (GOVENMERT).. THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME AND WAITDfG TO HEAR FROM YOU. SHERYL L WILLIAMS SHERYL L WILLIAMS I ld b 319 CARAVAN COURT mmmuerea = N

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l [ . ",i n .j,, q <.4% 1;. j l,. 1:. ..c. -.. s ?. .. w. w a.s.. MbArAcnV@ Anti!Jrh,M.dWH.' % 4 n. It has been more than ton years now fccts of radiation exposure. Nor is it the effects of radiation damage are since the near moltdown at the Three widely known that General Pub!ic Utili-manifested in an illness, typica!!y can-Mile Island nuclear power plant just tics has already paid out between $15 cor. Consequently, the public deesn1 1 outside of Harrisburg Pennsylvania, and $20 million to settle 200 health question industry and govemment c!- l b Since that time, government and on-claims out of some 2.500 that have been ficials who tell us that "no one was hert l ergy4adustry officials have told us that filed. We have not Icamed any details by the accident at Three Mile Islano. no one was hurI as a result of the coun-of these claims because the settic-But the govemment's reassurances ( try's worst nuclear accident. But is that ments were made with the condition that do not cortcspond with what we row { really so? cach recipicnt agree not to reveal any know about the health cifects of the levet p !! you look at the quiet rural commu-information about their claim or the of radiation re! cased or with the ctsims nity of Middictown. Pennsylvcnia, where amount of their reward. Most people are of the peopfe who actua!!y experien the power plant is located 4 certainly also not aware that radioactive plumes the accident. A growing number of sci-l seems that the crisis is long over and spread far beyond the ten-mile evocu-entists are re-evaluating the impact of ' )h forgotten. Recently, on a ten-year an-ation radius, and that a sudden rise in Three Mile Island arid the information niversary visit to the arca. New York mortality rates occurred in areas ex-disseminated by the government. lh Newsday special correspondent Stuart posed to those radioactive clouds. Dr. Ernest Sterng! ass, emeritus pro-l Diamond reported,

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Some of the information in this articlo lessor of radiological physics at the, l Ip town and the currounding ccuntryside, will ditler from what we have heard from Universityof Pittsburgh Schoolof Med-h from which residents fled at the height the government and energy-industry icine,is especially concemed about the L of the feat. are booming with now hous-officials. We will discuss estimates of less than full disclosure of Three Mile . ing. full employment, and population how many people were really affected Island's impact on human health. Vi I growth." Even Middletown Mayor Rob-and why tho general public never heard ing Harrisburg shortly after the acc ert G. Reid, now running for his fourth about it, dent. he was instrumentalin convincing term, expresses surprise at the quick In the past, governments have either Pennsylvania's governor to order an recovery. " Properly values are up," he covered up industrial accidents com-evacuation of pregnant women and i says. " Housing starts are up. We are pletely or tried to downptcy their sever-children from the areas near the reac - / growing as a community." Once on th'e ity. It was not until 1988 that the British tor. But, says Stemglass, this evacua-

i verge of bankruptcy, the plant's.oper. government published papers con-tion, ordered days alter the accident.

ator. General Public Utihtics, "which was coming a fire at the military plutonium may have been too late. "When the i castigated for mismanagement and reactor at Windscale, north of Liver-evacuation took place," he says, "the whose officials pleaded no contest to a pool,in October 1957, the worst nuclear bulk of the estimated 14 curies cf io-criminal charge over safety topses, has accident in British history. Here in the dine 131 had already been re, seen its earnings and dividends soar to United States, very serious accidents leased.... Therefore, most of the dam-secord highs,". states Diamond. In the at the federal government's own nu. age to the developing thyroid of the fetus meantime, the sister unit-No.1-of the clear facilities at Savcinah River, South had occurred by the time pregnan! I damaged Nol2 reactor has been in op-Carolina, were kept secret, some for as women began to ! cave." l eration since 1985 and is attracting new long as 31 years. The Kemony Commission, convened customers. The dangers of nuclear technology by President Carter to evaluate the im- ) Dut if you look bencath the surface,' are easily obscured behind esoteric pact of the accident found that wind's if this poacclul picture begins to fall apart. science and then furtner distanced from were blowing the highest releases of ra-4 During the ten years that have appar-public scrutiny by the f act that small to dioactive material for beyond the ten-ently restored the communities around moderate doses of radiation are entirely mile evacuation radius into upstate New h( the reactor, piecemeal reports have undetectabfe. Radiation, absent mas-York and western Pennsylvania. Ac- [9 been h!!ering down tc!!ing an entirely sivo doses, cannot be smo!!cd, touched, cording to Stemglass, however, "Thce dt!!crent story. Most Americans havn nnt tasted, or experienced in any way with. Komony Commission concluded its ih- ) heard alanu' % people livirsg cloco lo out scientific it'struments f~urthermore, vestigation without considering an/ data tha mactor M nyperinnewI the of-il mny takn x innr1 as "O yem before on the hon!!h o!!cets of the wind berer ~.. ~.

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[, - ( fthe "that is necessary to levial confirm,that ton.mercial operation heavy impact of inflation was not was necessary for the tax write-forthcoming and continued to offs. 1 crode carnings." More important than the tax credits, the advocates said, were Besides the rate hikes. TM12's the rate increases sf alled until the commercial operation helped gain went commeref al. In investor confidence and support.. plant January. Pencice was granted the The plant made GPU's generating- $56.2 mdlion rate hike it had been facilities 40 percent nuclear and its waiting for. The same month, completion meant "the fraction of Jersey Central Power and Light earnings" f rom electric gener'ation Co.. which owns half of the plant "will improve significantly in with Penclec, was granted a $33.8 I.. 1979." million rate hike. /pd in Mnrch. Mel Ed was awattled a $49.2 Barbara Smith, attorney withlite million hike. Consumer Advocate's office, said. / I That money wasb:,dly needed by "l'd hate to be the one to write that the three companies hnd its parent. annual report without being able to GPI). Their annuaf report com. say TM12 was on line." l plains: "TM! units 1 and 2have been the source,of financial significant stress on the compadv. the impact'* V Qf f, '~'1 of which will be,fe!I m 1978 and 7 ,( j .1979 l 3. " Earnings were ilepressed sin A C4 year old bicyclist was ad-by inf'ation, costs mi!!ed to York Hospital with rib 19781 associated with new lacilities <like and facial fractures he received TMI2 and higher i:perating and Tuesday afternoon in an accident maintenance costs,jThe impact near his Delta RD 3 home.The vic-continued unabated :n 1978 duc 1o tim, Robert Ashley, was listed in the delay in resoluti n of pending satisfactory condition by the " Rate relief." the reports says, hespital. t rate cases. YorfuggDaily Record'; ............. 7574 859 - ' Classified Want ds............... Homo Delivery Se rvice..........................'.... 7574849 ' ........................ 7 574 853 Advertising.....f...........N e ws......... ' ................................. 7 574 B4 5 757-4842 - Bu sin e s s O f fic e.......................,,............ we. v..c o.,. u. ..i o... iae.p.ac. ace o... t t.a,, c.,. in e.io.ago., e,.,ie,,.-O.itg Reges 0, t7W ne P.,oi. n,o...,, m.,,.no e.cepi s.,ao.,... me s e....,.no ca imes, secoao ci.6s counm nberUsPSFIk200. e .l pv.t.ge gad st Vera. PA 17402 ti, the,Y.se ees to report a dele.ery etter. C.ut tcut,ces v.a.or.. Whos poss.bie. pie ate coatsti powe e Put s ve, f te j oi t s. [ CARRitR Howf DCt rit.ny t3 to monini, .w alpie 091, eheve c esi.a.Litif tv 1175 nionsafy 40RKCOUNTY U AIL Of.. w. et act g sl e,*issed. Att 01H(R MAIL ' A(LtL Ag {*,(#0 #n.stienty I t t

(j U.S. Department cf 7] ice United States Attorney Middle District of Pennsylvania Federal Buildung. 228 Walnut Street 717/782 4482 Post Office Box 19734 FTS/3W4482 Harrbburg. Prensylvania D108 .= March 9, 1989 l Mr. Harry E. Williams, Jr. 319 Caravan Court Middletown, PA 17057

Dear Mr. Williams:

In the process of organizing our files, the enclosed material was found and we are returning it to you. If you have any questions, please call me. Very truly yours, JAMES J. WEST United States Attorney By: e s KpSTINE L. LARSEN* Legal Technician 1

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l .) ? ~ ~ J /" *\\ UNITED STATES [h//y'j NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMlSSION 't. WASHINGTON. D. C. 20555 OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONE R October 6, 1983 t NOTE TO: HARRY E. WILLIAMS, JR. I am returning your manuscript as we discussed in our telephone conversation earlier this week. I have.given your name to the NRC staff responsible for investigating TMI. j /nLc Roxanne Goldsmith t

l ~ (u') fj ~ . Ao a8 ( f t311 swoooens en a C.vil Case ~ hiteb"fiistates' Bi. strict Court nn dF DISTRICT OF PP'INSYLVAt3I A IN RE: THREE MILE ISLAND COI3SOLIDATED PROCEEDINGS y, SUBPOENA IN A CIVIL CASE !!ETROPOLITAli EDISOli CO!!PAliY, ET AL CASE NUMBER: 1:CV-88-1452 (Chief Judge Sylvia H. Rambo) TO: HARRY E. WILLIAMS, JR. 319 Caravan Court fliddletown, PA 17057 ) C YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear in the United States District Court at the clace, date testify in the above case. PLAct of TESTIMONY g CDvRTRooM CATE ANo fiWe h YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear at tne crace. date. anc time seecified below to testify in the above case. PLACE of DEPC$1 TION GATE Aho taut Pepper, Hamilton & Scheetz, 200 One Keystone ~ t, orth Front & Marxet Sts., Harrisburg, January ll, 1995

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~ X YOU ARE COMMANDED to procuce anc cermit inspection anc cocying of the following cocuments or colects a place. cate and time soecified below flist cocuments or conectsi: l SEE ATTACHMEt3T A 1 PLACE i

ATE Aho f*WE C YOU ARE COMMANDED to permit inspection of the following premises at tne cate ana time sp

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I Any organizatten not a Darty to t'his suit that is subpoenaec for the taking of a de00sition shall designate one or m officers. Q rectors. or managing agents. Or other Cersons who consert to testify on its behalf and may set forth, fo Der 3cn designated, the matters on which the Derson Will testify. Fea<trat Rules of Civil Procedure. 30(bif6). itsvino o,,icta ses=atuat ano ti tt puoicAtg i, arron=t v,om etAinti, om os,t*cI, n carg fnafananne) December 29, 1994 isss.~o o,rican s =aus. acoats5 4=o ewoma avon. Pepper, Harrilton & Scheetz 200 @rra PraxPMgtJUm>a

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1 l \\ ~ l ATTACHMENT A L All documents in your possession or control that refer or relate to the Three Mile Island nuclear generating station l (Unit 1 and/or Unit 2) ("TMI"). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the documents requested include any that' refer 3 } or relate to a TMI's design, construction equipment, ) maintenance, o(pe) rations, training program, p,rocedures; (b) your work at TMI; (c) the circumstances associated with the termination of your employment at TMI; (c) the TMI " accident" beginning on March 28, 1979; (d) all inquiries, investigations and/or litigation related to the TMI " accident"; and (e) restart or TMI Unit 1 and/or cleanup of TMI Unit 2. NOTE: IT WAS DISCUSSED OFF THE RECORD AT THIS SUBPOENA HEARING.THAT MY ATTORNEY LEE SWARTZ AND TMI'S ATTORNEY THOMAS B. SCHMIDT, BOTH SAW JOHN HERBEIN THE FORMER VICE PRESIDENT FOR GENERATION, POSE FOR PHOTOGRAPHER'S, SMILING AND HOLDING THIS FOUR PAGE TELEGRAM IN HIS HANDS ON TELEVISION, AT A TMI ACCIDENT PRESS HEARING CONFERENCE. WHEN ASKED WHXI THE TELEGRAM FROM BABC0CK AND WILC0X SAID, AFTER THIS PHOTO SHOOT, MR. HERBEIN REPLIED, I DON'T RECALL WHAT THE TELEGRAM SAID. NOTE: GPU7TMI HAS ALWAYS TOLD PEOPLE THAT I WAS FIRED FROM MY JOB AND THAT I WAS A DIS-GRUNTLED EMPLOYEE. I WORKED FOR GREGG SECURITY AS A SECURITY GUARD AT THREE MILE ISLAND FROM JANUARY 1979 to OCTOBER 1981. AT THIS SUBPOENA HEARING, I PROVIDED TMI'S ATTORNEY THOMAS B. SCHMIDT WITH A COPY OF MY LASTPAYROLL STUB FROM THREE { MILE ISLAND. HOW CAN THREE MILE ISLAND SAY I WAS FIRED FROM MY JOB, WHEN I WAG WORKING FOR THEM FOR.l YEAR. AND l MONTH,, AND WORKING AS A SECURITY GUARD AT THREE MILE ISLAhJ? AND ALSO AT THIS HEARING, I PROVIDED MR SCHMIDT WITH A HAND WRITTEN NOTE FROM MY FORMER BOSS, l CAPTAIN KENNETH RADLE, AT GREGG SECURITY, THAT I WAS NEVER FIRED FROM MY JOB, AS A SECURITY CUARD AT THREE MILE ISLAND. l l 1

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FEB. 19, 1991 DEAR LUMBERMEN'S MUTUAL CASUALTY CO., OUR NAMES ARE JIARRI WILLIAMS MID RICHARD KLINGEL. WE LIVE IN !EDDLETOWN, FA., HOME OF THREE lELE ISLAND. WE ARE WRITING YOU TO GIVE YOU SOME DINRMATION ON THREE MILE ISLDTD. I UNDERSTAND YOUR DISURANCE COMPDY IS'ONB OF EE INSURER'S FOR EREE LELE ISLAND, IDR WHICH THREE ! ELE IEAND HAS MADE AND FILED SEVERAL SEVERAL INSURANCE CLAIMS WIE YOU, WHICH DATE 3ACK AS FAR AS MARCH 28, 1979. WE ARE CONVINCED EAT SU HAS ELED ILLEGAL AND IMEROPE INSURANCE CLAIMS WIE YOUR COMPANY. OUR DIFORMATION WCULD BE VERY VITAL TO YOUR COMPANY, WIE YOUR LAWSUIT AGAINST THREE MILE ISLAND. THE SO CALLED ACCIDEIT AT BII, WAS NOT AN ACCIDEUT. 'ilE REPEAT, THE SO CALLED ACCIDEIT AT WI, WAS NEVER AN ACCIDENT AT ALL. WE WORKED EERE AS SECURITY GUARDS AND HAVE A FIRST HAND KNOWLEDGE OF EVENTS THAT WE SAW, THAT NO ONE WOULD NOT BELIEVE HAPPENED THERE. WE HAVE ALDO WRITTEN AND KEPT TWO DIARIES OF THE EVENTS EAT HAPPENED AT THREE MILE ISLMID. NE NRC, INCLUIENG A.US ATTORNE? GHTERE JAMES WESTI HAVE SEEN ED READ THIS MARY TO MANIPULATE ME SAME CIRCUMSTANCES ED FACTS TO EEER ADVETAGE, INCLUDDIG' THE COLUF3IA UNIVERSITI HEETH STUMES CONDUCTED BY A DR. MAUREDI C. HATCH. MOST OF EESE PEOPLE HAVE HAD A COPY OF EIS MARY AND OEER INCPlIENATING EVIDEICE IN THEIR POSSESSION SUICE 1982, AND HAVE l EPT THIS VERI IMPORTANT Di?ORMATION FROM YOUR INSURANCE COLTBY MID EE WORLD, WHILE AT EE SAME TIME TMI KEPT MAY.ING INSURANCE CLAIMS WIM 'IOUR COI:TMiY, CONCERHING THE S0 CALLED MARCH 28, TMI ACCIDENT. 1974 TMI NID NRC ATTORNEI'S TRIED TO FURCHASE MY FIRST DIARY FROM HE IN 1982, FOR MECH I TURNED THEM D0"di AND SAID NO, MY DIARI WAS NOT FOR SALE. I TURNED THESE ATTORNEYS DOWN BECAUSE WE UANT.. TEE REAL TRU.E KNOVCI FOR EE BETTERMENT OF EE WORLD, AND TO PREVETT EESE NUCLEAR ATROCITIES FROM EVER OCCURREIG AGAIN. WE WANT YOUR INSURANCE COMPANY 'IO KNOW THAT THESE PEOPLE HAVE HAD A CONSPIRACY AGAINST YOU. WE ESO WAUT YOU TO KNOW THAT WE ARE BEDIG HONEST WIE YOU BY LAUNG ALL OF OUR CARDS ON THE TA3LE AND LETTING YOU KNOW MAT WE ABE TWO OF ME 1500 PERSONAL INJURI CLAIMS NAT IS SUING THREE MILE ISLAND FOR HEETH REASONS. t 4 (** l%

O ~3 \\ LUI,IBERI.!HI'S MUTUAL CASUALTY CO. PAGE NO o IF WE ARE WROUG, WhT HASN'T THREE MILE ISLAND SUED US FOR BLANDER OVER OUR ALLEGAHONS, IIICLUDING THE ONES WE HAVE MADE ON TELEVISION MID RADIO (CBS) (ABC) IN THE LAST EX AND A HALF MONTHS? WE DARE BII TO TAEE US INTO COURT AND SUE US FOR SLAllDER. IF YOUR INSURANCE COI@ANY IS VERY SERIOUS AllD SINCERE ABOUT WANTING TO KNOW MORE ABOUT OUR INFORMATION AND ALLEGATIONS MADE BY US AS WE ARE, FLEASE CONTACT US. WAITING TO HEAR FROM YOU. l HARRY E. WILLIAMS JR RICHARD KLINGEL 1 l l L

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d([g/' Q l]Q l y (f* Trom Page !!! the complaint. The policy cover. Ms7 1 !! d u v ' J %s 8ge involved a plant here, the Unit I reactor workable. Those property damage occurred here !!3, Torn Dochat/ Patriot.New' repairs are the focus of the insur-and the witnesses to the damages ance claim. live in the area, he said. "That's !)uring the last decade, the owners of Three American Nuc! car and Lum, where it should be 1 operation of their plant and the cleanup of the be, men's Mutual were providing - has to be pitiEated),,itigat Mile Island have been imred in disputes over the , he said, (rippled Unit 2 reactor. linoitity coverage totaling $300 There is virtually no New million at the time the problems York connection to the dispute, Now they are engaged in a dispute that many first were discovered. The insur-he said, peuple can relate to: A rejected insurance claim. ers contend their coverage ex-liut most people probably can't relate to the cludes the damage to the tubes, A spokeswoman for GpU, ammmt of the claim - more than $31 million. The and they informed the companies however, said the suit was filed nwners and operatur of the Londonderry Twp. nu-of this finding back on Sept. 20, lieved we would be able to effect in New York because "we be-alcar plant me weking the money for repairs to 1985. uacn> m the sicam neuerstor tubes at the Unit i legal service" to all -12 insurance rr a tor. That determination, says phil-companies providing the insur. The insurers contend the damage, first discov-adelphia attorney Stephen Cozen, ance. ANI is an unincorporated rred in late 1951 and unrelated to the March 1979 was made after a "very extensive association of a variety of insur. auident at the plant, resulted from cormsion or investigation with the coopera-ance companies. determrayen -,, conditnms that are excluded from tion of GpU l Nuclear Corp., the uurage in their pdicies. plant operatorj." The insurers have filed a re. the compagnes that own the plant - Metropoh. For the subsequent three quest to prevent any further legal proceedings in New Yoik or any tan rdison Co., pennsylvam,a Electric Co., and Jer-years, he said, GpU did not pur-other jurisdiction. In addition, wy C entral power and 1.ight Co. - contend the sue the matter, but it consistently they have filed a motion to dis-camage is a covered peril. asked for extensions of time to miss the New York suit based on Ile a formal claim or institute a the prior action filed in Dauphin twostle at ah ide h s acts e ! L t mu% put-C weking a convenient jurisdiction favorable to their con er jence.' p.trticular side. The insurance companies filed suit in Dauphin A formal claim, containing a The TM! companies contend. County on March 22 to seek a court judgment that sworn statement in proof of loss, in preliminary objections to the was made by GPU last Oct. 31. Dauphin County suit, that the in-the claim is not covered by'the policies. Nine days Once again, Cozen said, the insur. surers' action was premature be-later, TMI owners filed a suit in New York, con-cis' decision was evaluated. cause there was no " litigable" is-tending the claim denial is a breach of contract. The insurers - American Nuclear Insurers of Cozen said the claim was de-sue at the time the complaint was Farmington, Coan., and 1.umbermen's Mutual Casu' nied because of a number of ex-filed. They contend a formal let-W n%ng e clam; not ally Co. of Long Grove, !!). - have now asked clusions contained in the policy Dauphin County Court to prevent the TM! owners coverage. been prepared or received as of March 22. from pursuing any further legal nellon in New York it also was determined that state ur in any other jurisdiction. They have accused the damage was not fortuitous, or "Th a t's baloney," Cozen the plant ownen of " forum shopping" and filing a an unexpected action, and the maintains. "The knew what our suit in a state that has virtually no connection to the damage may have been a result view was in 19/5." Despite that, insurance stalm or the repairs to the steam genera. , of faulty workmanship in plant he said, the insurers agreed to tor tubes, TMI owners, howrver, believe the insurers construction or design, he said. "take another look after the for-mal claim. They gave us nothing done their own version of, forum shopping,have ,,We feel very confident in the new or different." by ,tod,ging their complaint in 1)auphin County, where position we have taken," Cozen FMI still ;ener t i said. "It is consistent with the As a result, Cozen said, the l 1 tend the msurers,es many passions. They also con-I policy language and the facts, insurers had two options: pay the lawsuit was filed before a legal claim or seek a declaratory judg-tasue surfaced, arguing that a letter denying the and is consistent with the public ment in court, W1,192,50!) claim was not prepared until after the announcements that GpU made in 1981 wh owe regret that we had to do Dauphin County suit,was fil,ed. covered...en this damage was dis-this, but it is the only resolution g we had available." j I , in late 1981, the owners of TMI - already beset vith cleaning up one reactor damaged in the na-cpu contends Dauphin Coun-lioni war.si connnercial nuclear accident - learned Cozen views GPU's decision ty lacks jurisdiction in the dispute auuut cracking steam generator tubes at the undam-to file suit in New York as " dis-because the suit was filed in bad aged Unit I reactor. 'the more than 31,000 tubes turbing" and a " sad commen-faith and to pre empt a lawsuit were part of the primary and secondary loop feed-tary." they knew would be filed by the mg process that creates steam to turn the turbines It's a clear indication to me TMI owners. i

• 4 ; encrate electricity.

they don't want the courts of Many of the tubes were found to be damaged Pennsylvania to decide what is Regarding the request to stop .nd rep' irs were made to seat them to make the essentially a Pennsylvania mat-York, the spokeswoman said the !cgal proceedings in New a ' t M..'j W j ter," he said. GpU feels the insurers have not d lie argued that Dauphin met the legad requirements need- .sec 1MI - Pg,e H2 ~

l THREE MILE CLAND *ationalInstitutes of Hea"h a request""k" '" ' " ' i$ '""' ' e s :

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ment is not cur protector,":c:s N: for a study of morfah!y TOtcs near nu- "l!is not Cooking af ter cur best ete c: cicar reactors. It was passed on to the our pub!ic hea!!h. Quite &c ::c: : York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. The National Cance r institute, which has an-they are laoking toward the :cterestr only factor that I have been ab!c to as-nounced plans to complete the study in the giant corporations like G.FL'.. : f certain that would account for this is the 1990. Gould notes, however, that the helping them to get away with rur:: ) tallout from the T.M.I. accident." study is restricted to cancer deaths in Stud;cs based o,daulty drta v.e e - Could has roccived a substantial areas very close to nuc! car reactors. the only means used to m.ne:e lf i amount of cnticism from scientists who "This." he says, "does violence to what effccis of Three Mie Islanc..Y rt: argue that his evidence is weak and we have found in the case of Three Mile rate statistics were ahc<cd ty g:,r does not substantiate his theory. Out, !sland-namely that the damage ex mont authorities. Af ter the ac:.': d as he explains, he is simply a statisti-tends to areas hundreds of miles away. says Gould,"The Pennsylvania Ce:: Ig cian who has looked at the numbers and Low-level radiation is dispe: Sed by wind ment of Hea!!h reported in the:r m:-- j seen that they do not aliors with the of-and waterways and offccts people who publication that 271 infants hac c c: l ) facial version of what took placc. " Stat. are quite some distance from the nu-July 1979. In the annual summary. :. cticians use the concept of a ' sign li-clear plant," hc says. lished in November 1980, this f.g."e - cant exc9ss of deaths,'" he says. "The Evidr"ac suggests that government been changed to 185. ano no es: i signlicance is based on a purely sci-studies P.y 1pathize with the concems nation was ever made for th:s cnar;r. ,.s entific analysis of the probability that the of vested interests, resulting in miticad-Both Stemglass and Gould tel eve :- cycess could be due to chancc. The ing,if rot altogether false, conclusions, the changes indicate that the gese-probabilily in this caso is of such a low Activist Chris Nord talks of the reports mont wa: well aware of the carac;c : order that chance has to be ruled out, cotapiled by the Centers for D:scate was trying to minimize it. If you :oc< We get probability values as low as one Controlin conjunction with the state of reports compiled by c:tizens' grc. In a million or even less. That means with no vested interest in a cart:. that if low-level radiation is not respon-outcome, the picture of Three '.' e l sible for the excess, then it is up to the land is substantia!!y different frem %- scientific community to offcr an alter-we have been led to believe. t native hypothesis" Says Nord, "A sm3lt (citizens] sr,- But Gould is not the only voice ques-of only about 450 peop!e was concu::: I fioning the of ficial version of what took lt's nO! Widely knOWn in an area where a high concentra! c-place at T.M.I. Chris Nord a membcr of the citizens' group Clam Shel! Alliance, that the utility hac Sbent sympt ms h a been reported ct j time of the accident. They c:sc:ve c i comments on the health risks associ-MOre than $15 a 600 percent increase in cance: cer ated with radiation sposure and the milliOn 10 Settle health af ter inc accc dent. But inc state g: symptoms exponenced by those living emment cid not find anything tie v.- around the T.M.I. reactor. Claims resulting the citizens curvey was report:n;. A l "One of the phenomena we have wit-from Three Mile Island, cording to the citirons group. me s!: l netted with peop!c coming Iorward did not even go into the neignbornc:: who were present at the atomic bomb g covered by their survey." tests in Nevada was a reporting of clas- / In this country, scientists tend to c'. sic high leve! radiation symptoms-miss as unreliab'c the accounts Ce:: burning throat, hair loss, reddening of give of their !!Inesses. Generary, - the skin, metallic tastes," says Nord. leeling of the American scientifia c: - "Many of the veterans who were close Pennsylvania: "What the state and the munity is that the lay pubhc teccmt to the test sites reported these symp-C.D.C. did was to look at the concentric hysterical and overreacts to inc:de-l tems. Then 25 years later, many came circles at five, ton,20 miles around the such as T.M.I., and that poc;!e are ~ i down with horrible cases of cancor, for reactor, and then to look at cancer mo'- qualified to know what is going en j which the government is denying any taly in these areas. Their report con-their own bod:es or whether their sym: l responsibility. Cluded that there was nothing statistically toms are in any way related to a gr.: l "In the case of T.M.I.." Nord says, sinnificant that would indicato that some-event. A number of peop!c. hcweve j "there was an carty questionnaire re-thing other than chance was occurring. believe that these personal acccu"/ 1, 1 teased by the T.M.I. Pubhc Hea!!h Fund There are two very clear problems with pejorativelv Hbeled "aneccctal ev suoq af ter the accident. It was distrib-their study, which other scientists have dence" by r Scientific establishme-uted over a fairly wide area, about 20 also acknowledged. First Inc study of can provice invaluable informati: . l miles from the reactor, and a number of health effects in concentnc circles around concerning hen!!h effects. as tong : people did take the time te list the the pl ant diluted the appearance of health surveys and studies are concuc!c symptoms that they and their famihr*s probtems. sincc the wind carried partic-responsibly. cxponenced. Among the symptoms rn-utate radiation through only a small por-Dy disregnrding thie type el ev ported were meta!he taste., haii ioss, tion of that entire radius. The second dence, the Amoncan government ca all those things that the vetcrans had prob!cm," coys Nord, "is that the study the scien a community do no! Odd ! reported. Without the stack monitors included a survey of 122,C00 peop!c, their cret aihty, but rather give r I being around to te!! us how much ra. most of whom do not even live within the impression that they have 1:tt:e ince" diation was actually relcased, those foL ten-mile radius of Three fdile Island. tive to get at the truth. t or a ccuntt ~ towing up on the effects of T.M.I. are Whenever there was even a tip of a mu-such as ours-which pricos itse.f reminding us that the peop!c are the nicipality inside the radius, they included freedom of the press, openness. - dosimeters, and they are te!hng us bi-the hea!!h data f at the whole town. This honesty in govemment-surpress n ologically that they were exposed to is the prob!cm 'vith statistical data-it important evicence is part:cul arty er J : high levels of radiation." is at, cacy to ';u y the evidc1cc as it is barrassing in terms of cur imat. :Str On behalf of citizens' groups in Pitts-to reveal it. national!y. Whdc American researc.Pc' burgh. Gould presented his data to "We in the Un-!cd States think of our have dismrssed as unrehab'e inc cr Senator Edward Kennedy's Public govemment as a great pro'octor, and conal accounts of these wno tvc :9 r Heatth Committee in 1987. Later that the sad and co ry truth of the matter, vicinity of the acc: dent, f:re';n P :ca 14 0.NNTHouCC CC " IUC 1

CONTINUED FnoM PAGE 00 radiation." Whi!) the ; ymission was pr: paring its report. (A St:rngfass. 4 the Vital Statistics section of the Penn. sylvania Department of Health would not release any mortality data, on the grounds that it had not yet been ade- { quately reviewed. By the time the data j were officially compiled, the Kemeny Commission had already submitted its { linal report. Sterngtass discusses some of the conclusions he drew from analyzing 1 mortality statistics issued by the Na-I tional Center for Health Statistics four months following the accident: " Art examination of the monthly chan09s in infant and total mortality in Pennsylvania and nearby areas as orig-inally reported... indicated statisti-i colly significant rises occurred shortly j after the accident. For example, the i number of reported infant deaths per month in Pennsylvarfa rose from a min-imum of 141 in March 1970 just before i the accident on March 28 to a peak of 271 in July, declining again to 119 in i August. This is an unprecedented and highly significant rise in the summer i months. when infant mortality norrr. ally reaches its lowest values. In the four-month period fo!!owing the accident, there were 242 ' excess' infant deaths above the expected number in Penn-sylvania, and corresperidirg excesses l in western New York and Maryland.The hypothesis that this abnormal rise was associated with gaseous releases from T.M.t. is strongly supported by (certain) considernhons. "The peak in infant mortality three or four months af ter the initial release took place." Sternglass continues. "corre-sponds to the [ birth of] infants whose thyroid glands were most active in tak-ing up the radioactive iodine while pro-ducin0 hormones necessary for normal growth when the accident occurred. This explains the lar0e rise in the num-ber of premature and underweight ba-hies that died of respiratory distress as indicated by an examination of hospital records as lar away as Pittsburgh." Dr. Jay Gould, a fellow at the institute for Policy Studies in Washington. D.C.. served on the Environmer.tal Protection Agency's advisory board under the Carter administration. In studying mor. tality-rate statistics in the years fo!!ow-ing the accident he believes that large numbers of people may have died as a result of T.M.I. He exp!ains:"If you ex-amine the age-adjusted mortality rates in the Unitec States over a long period. you will see that from 1979 until 1982, there was a jump in that mortality that suggests that as many as 50.000 Amer-icans died whose deaths had been ac-cetera'ed by some factor. The butk of these ricaths om"~ed in upstate New i . r~4.wn m. mcr im _,. -- we y=.==-- g

.THREE MILE 15,aND "You can list one caso after another of P' ** ' ' "**"o *o'

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injeries, but [the alleged link to the T.M.t. this information " says S!ctngtass, "be-accidentj is not borne out by scionec. trsts and researchers have conducted Concern and worry can do a lot to you," cause thay feared that public cisc5-sure would prevent the ccMnuatien e' surveys and compiled very useful in-formation on the health effects of T.M.I. says G.PU. spokeswoman Mary Wet!s. nuclear bomb reshng in Neva It is frustrating and maddening to be The Canadian journal Harrowsmith deliberately doccived under any cir-possibly prevent the operation of h L gave credence to these personal ac-cumstances Out what took place at nucicar reactors a!rcacy under cen. struchon." counts when it published a report by Three Mile Island surpasses frustration. writer Harvey Wasserman of his en-The falschoods generated by industry We now have evidence dating as fa-near Three fMe Island at the time of the and Govemment may have resulted in back as counter with the Danner f amily, who lived government deliberately withheld infor-accident: thousands of unncCOssary deaths, mation concerning the offccts of low- " Sam Danner turns to the mantel. These lies have been n!! owed to stand, Icyc! radiation. In piece and hhs his shirt, batir'g the two. at least in part, because of the invisible the detonation of two atamic bombs a nature of radiation. The long latent pc-test sites in Nevada, radioactive f a 's loor scar across the right sido of his riod of many of the illnesses c' luted by rained o back. Ten pounds of muscle, bono, and radiation has made it casy for govstn-nearb mahonant tumor were removed in June ment or industry to deny the causal link cighth o 1983.., A burly 47 year-old truck 5 dover, Danner hves with his wate, Don-between the iltncss and the exposure, tambs died showing signs of irrad In addition, low-levet radiation acts upon nic, in a hom o trasler about e,ix nules the human body in an entirely different !" armers and arca residents were un. northwest of the two nuctca' reactors way from high-level radsabon. Thb is derstandably upset, and panic spread on ibree Mile Islanti. Monttay, March another reason that its risks have been quickly. Veterinarians conducted stud-28, 1979, the riay of the acciderft, he ics on the dead sheep as well as thece was out working in the yard. in other arcas close to nuclear faci?ities. "The Danners' three rtaughters were Their conclusions all pointed to radia-n!so outdoors that day. Sherry, then 24, g lion-induced itiness and death. But. re-w came home from trade schooland went ports Science magazinc, "The A.E.C. jogging. f~our years later--cround the [ Atomic Energy Commission prede-same time her father's tumor was re-cessor of the Department of Energyj moved-she bcDan to suffer from a government aS a giant elected not to reveal these potentiany 7 wide ran0e of aller 0 c reactions,includ-9rO!OClOr, But it'S compromising observations. Critica: i ing uncontrollable sneering lits and really lOOking tOward the data from the atomic tests were sup-I.. rashes on her Icg. Most disturbing, a pressed wnen a summary was pre-large, apparently non-malignant turnor intereggg g{ g ang pared for public release, and intense j { c% eloped on each of har ovancs. 'The Corporations and helping pressure was brought to bear against one was the size of a grapefruit, the the veterinarians-inrough Ictters anc other the size of an orange,'Donnic says. them get tway with personal visits from A.E.C. employ-When they twcre) removed, they found murder

• ces-in an cH rt to make them revise her ovaries all twisted around. To this their conclusions." Although the A.E.C.

day, she can be walking across a room g never offered any express explanation and suddenly doubic over in pain for as to what killed the sheep, in a typica'ly no apparent leason. cavalict response, its of ficials later sug- "Dianc, then 17," Wasserman wrote, gested that the deaths were a resu!! cf spent that spring day riding her Ap-overlooked. Doth Could and Stemptass malnutrition and climatic hardship. believe that a discrete and dangerous When owners of the sheep sought paloosa. *1 remernber that horse was effect arises from chronic or long term damag ) pregnant at the time,' Donnie says. " Shortly after the accident, che nDorted.' exposure to radiation through ingesting Sherman Christensen d:smisted their contaminated food, milk, or water, or in-action for compensation and con-By the summer of 1984, when Sherry's haling the substances when they are cluded tumors were removed, Diano had be-airbomc. (Gould's book, Deadly 00-experts in the country expressed con. I I, Dun a long bout-sti!! ongoing-with ceit, about the Ottocts of low-Icvel ra-sidered and convincing judgment that unexplained fahgue and a high whito-diation, will be published next spring ) radiat blood ccit count. [Said her mother.] The indirect effects of low-level ra- "Dicy've checked her for infection,*1u-diation have only been fut!y understood have been a cause or contrib pus, leukemia everything they could since 1972, when Dr. Abram Petkau at cause." In 1979, however, the govemor think of. One doctor sant it was like the Canadian Atomic Energy Labora-of Utah obtained the re! case of classi-something foreign was trying to enter tory in Manitoba proved that gentic ra-ficd documents that, together with in-tv r tuly. ;"ul the txxty was trying to diation is much more rtamaging to ccIl formation gathered at congressional fight it off

• lhus far, every Ircatment, l

from special dictq to antibiohc':, has membrancs than, say, a short X ray or heanngs, revcated the Dovernment's deception. This evi. j lailed lot Dianc." a pt...:o from the ttash ot a nucicar bomb. donce revealed that a number of A.E.C Hormone-producing glands, such as Of course, G Pt). has its side of the the thyroid, or the bonc marrow, which officials, scientists, and their lawye ctory, backed up by a hut of reports by produces (bc white blood cetts so im-confirming the farmers' claims. It also had conspired to withho!d informahon the t, tate of Pennsylvania, the Nuctcar Regulatory Commission, the Environ-portant to our immune system, are the totd of the harassment techniques the most vutnerabte to radiation. mental Protection A0ency, the National Stemglass expresses suspicions that A.E.C, employed to coerce vercrinari-Inshtulos of Hea!!h, the U S. Depart-mont of Hea!!h and I!uman Sc. vices, information concerning low-level radia-ans to reverse their o dorse the A.E.C. position. The hetery and the Department of Defence. They tion has bcon purposcty e.uppressed in of atomic energy in the countr contend that not enough radioactive this country. Prior to Petkau's 1972 re-plcte with sim:lar cases. matenals were released to cause the search, the government had statistical heat!h eficCts that Pennsylvania resi. information suggetting that low-level We now know that radioactive partic-ufates and emissions can travet en the radiation,Was, andced C'}using heatth wind manV, many m!!cs frcm the de Cf I 150 ortmrousc

r. go -7 a reactor, in the caso of the Chernobyl s accident, radioactivity is believed to have traveled as far as 1,000 miles. In cases such as Three Mile Island, where radioactive wastewater was dumped into the Susquehanna River, contami-nated matter can be deposited any-where along the river's course and cer-tainly does not ha!! at some arbitrary point ton miles away. Neverthotoss, at prcsont, the Nuclear Regulatory Com-mission, the federal agency responsi-ble for oversccing nuc! car reactors, sets a ten-mile evacuation radius around all nuclear power plants in the U.S. The N.R.C. has issued a telephone book-sized manaaf of regulationsin the event of an accident, but the agency is still ignoring onc of the most important tes-sons from T.M,t -that the ten-mile evacuation radius is unrealistic and does not adequately protect pcopic from a major nuclear catastrophc. (,,.... The reasons for the ton-mile evacu-ntion zonc arc mainly political. If it werc extended to 15 or 25 miles, for instance, plans would have to be modo for the evacuation of major citics such as New York Chicago, and Philadelphia. Impic-menting an evacuation on such a mas-sive scalc would, of course, be impos-sible; recogni7ing the necessity of doing so would mean acknowledging the shocr fo'ly of building nuc! car power plants closeto dense!y populated arcas. At least once a weck,it seems a news story surlaces concerning prob! cms associated with nuclear icchnology-leaks at weapons facilitics, cover-ups, radioactive waste and its disposal. Not surprisingly, many citizens are working to shut down nuclear power plants. The success of those citizens' movements demonstrates that the public, not the government, is taking charge of its safety and well-being. Nowhere is the Government's topse of memory or lack of concern over safety matters cicarcr than at Three Mile Is-land, where the accident has all but been forgotten. At the heart of nuc! car-safety issues in this country, too, is the fact that many peopto still believe that nuc! car energy is clean, inexpensive, and safe. Until we stop and really ex, amine n!I its costs, the industry-with government assistance-will continue to make a strong revival, treating inci-dents such as Thrco Mile Island merely as public relations glitches to cicar up. - The forces behind the promotion of nu-clear technology are enormous, per-haps the most formidabic in the world. They include weapons manufacturcrs such as Westinghouse, General Elec-tric, and DuPont, as well as the De-portments of Defense and Energy and public utilitics. The public stands littic chance of battling these giants unless it takes a realistic look at nuclear tech- ~ nology and then derf 1 nothingless e than responsibic actk.,' and honesty from itc r'overnment officials.0% -}}