ML20198H215
| ML20198H215 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Peach Bottom  |
| Issue date: | 02/27/1986 |
| From: | Hackett P, Link R, Reynolds J FORENSIC TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORP. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20198H207 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8605300160 | |
| Download: ML20198H215 (32) | |
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INTERIM REPORT , AN AL,YSIS OP A
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CABLE TRAY' PIRE by Joseph R. Reynolds, J r., P.E. , i
,- Forenstc Technologtes Internattonal Corporatton , ,
2021 Researph Drive , Annapolis, Maryland 21401
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_ February 27, 1986 , Reviewed and Approved: L 0 LL . Et h Patricta L. Hackett, Engineerin0 Manager i n
]
/
Roger W(A / Link, Techntcal Otractor _ FTI Case No. 6304.5 , ' 0605300160 060521
$DR ADOCK 05000277 '
PDR . 1
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TABLE OF~ CONTENTS _t
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. 1.0 I N TRO DU CT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
,_ 2.0 BACKG ROU N D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.0 I NV E ST IG AT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 i
4 .0 ANALYSIS................................................ 5 I ', 5.0 C0H CL U S I ON S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 a APMNDIX A - Matrix of Data APPENDIX 0 - Cable Damage Matrix APMNDIX C - F1gure 1
" APPENDIX 0 - Photographs M". I I
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LO INTRODUCTION s . __ On December 23, 1985, Forende Technologies ~ International (FTI) was ' s1
". asked to assist in the analysts as to the cause of a cable tray fire which.s. .
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':5 9 cccurre.d at the' Peach Bottom Nuclear Plant on or about November 9, 1985..
A meeting was ' he'id at the Philadelphia Electric . Company Offices with
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Robert J. . Wet ndorfer and Leon B. Dumtniak on January 6,1986. :,The bastc' facts were discussed and a set of 16 photographs were provided. After. briefly inspectirig the cables which were disarranged in a wooden crate, 'It- ..
,I ? ; 0' .- - was.dectded to ship the crate to FTI. ,q.
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],. Based on this f f rst meettng and a subsequent phone conference wIth'
[ . George Hunger, Ppiladelphie Electric Canpany requested that FTI 'was to f1rst examtne the cables and mater 1als for any' signs of a non-accidental
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cause of-the fire. This report documents the results of that phase of the
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- - - failure analysis. : 2. a2.3.
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1 l. L0 BACKGROUND ,. _ During his normal rounds on the day of the fire, a security guard j- assigned to the Peach Bottom Plant smelled smoke in the rad-waste t a#
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buil ding. No other problems had been noticed in the plant when' smoke was i
.. first detected on an upper level of the butiding. , As a means of locating
_q .o , [?; ~t.ii the . source of the smoke, the guard began' to trace .the smoke to a lower y.
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L i. level. He nottf ted the control . room, the plant fire brigade was dis- '
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- j. patched to extinguish the fire which was found in a cable tray above a .
L' . caged room. After CO2 was used to extingutsh the fire, the damage was
}, found to be confined to the cables in the tray at a 90 degree vertical .
4, band and to an assortment of tools and materials in the cage bel ow. It
- l. , was also noted that a copper pipe carrying 80 pounds of air pressure burst .,
pp; adjacent to the outer radius of the 90 degree bend in Os cable tray. m An ' t '6 fH ., M ' elevator located in the rad-waste butiding niay have,been effected prior:to G,,
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Si or during the fire. No other electrical problems wereinoticed. !; s .
. .[ i After the fire was extinguished a sertes of 16' color photographs were 'I taken before anything was moved." The damaged sections of all cables in
_, the tray and two side ratis in the 90 degree bend were renoved andu saved, t. t M5. .
,j None of the debris located on the floor in the cased room was saved. .. M 4 n.k.. . .
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As with any fire cause analysts the fire scene was reconstructed to, 4, l the extent possibl e. That is, the cables were placed in their' relative
'N. positions at the* time of the fire based on the' photographs and
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- , found on each cable. As the cables were removed frca their crate it was n, '. n:
!; noticed that each one was numbered near the cut end which appeared to be i
j 'the left-toartght or reverse arrangement of the cebles in the tray prior
-- to their removal. The cables wars arranged in the same order on the floor
,, - ' of the FTI reconstruction / test bay. 31:. . . .
, j. After several cables were arranged it was noticed that remains of a h cable penetration fire-stop compound was adhering to the outer insulation fg
'M.e L Q. . .,o._ E@y3 u T at~ about the same location on each cable.'e This was .used as a.on vertical . - q?
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- Fl] . Index for the reconstruction of the relative cable postttons'. . A.totalioft . h,,
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l .:- 37 cable sections were found in the crate,234 of whtch .had been. Identiffed' l _.' .. n- 1 F. ~. i f,0 by numbers. A matrix of data for the numbered cables' was developed ~ as,a'
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f.l-l l. 2 , result of th'et r examination, which can be; found In ' Appendix A.c,CThe"ff re- -i;
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second . matrix,&' Ifound
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f, damages. on each cable were documented in a '.p g; 1 - v,
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O ' Appendix B. A graphic representation of this detai-is given in Figurei,le-
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M Appendix 0 contains representative photographs of the cables.l' i t_; . Appendix C. l t.p '
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'M All fire damage was confined to an area below;the floor penetration . [% fJ
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.: Ll 5 seal ant. ' One-st ded ~ charring dontnoted 'the upper portion of the lftre. ;
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damaged area and was pre-dominantly found ~on the side facing the vall...at' 7s g ; 6 ...Ay~!. F :4 !c- P'S
' @g g the back of the cable tray. Complete loss of; .tnsulationi b'5thj..Jr. jouterla. , !,) , g..;
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. sheath and conductor /was dominant at the icwer ends;lof;the ".:cablesywhere.G. .:.2c:
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the outer strands of the conductors as well as the total separation.!and:
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- loss of conductors. Short pieces of separated cables were matchedj,toi lf9 w a" z ;,r' thei r longer sections based on separation deta11 s,
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4 number of strands, and date of manufacture. In order to'. assess the potential for non-accidental cause....the char s
- m. and burn pattern on the insulation was studied car $ fully.' Also, a search ' '
.i was conducted for any indicattons of chemical' att'ack'to the ' ins' ul att on" ,
N beyond these areas. Flourescent trace elements found in some fuels are
."Y detectable using ultraviolet radiation. Each cable was subjected to these .,
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i'l Inspections and no positive results were found. .
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The n atorial s on the floor in the caged room'below the ' ca'ble ^ tray.
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were identified as 4 metal filter cylinders (without filters), two garden R - hoses of plastic (vinyl) and an underwater extension cable / inspection l' amp M'f,,. - c .,Y. .' were which all stored in plastic bags. An electric' motor driven wa'ter - ..:
. . pm y .. e 99 pump and two ' plastic pails with an assortment of-hand tools completed the . ,8 f 3..., .r] .
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.. inventory of materials involved in the fire at the' floor. Photographs of. .
v . . . these items just after the fire indicate a very localized 'and - selective
.n; yL burning radiating outward from what was the major'f tre drop area below the , ,
hq4 90 degree bend in the cable tray.
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- , !! i 4.0 ANALYSIS ,
.G l Based on the condition of ~ the cables and the. photographs of the fire it scene there is little doubt that the' f tre ortgt nated in tne cable -tray.'
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The position of the burst hole in the air line reflects the highest tem-W.T,'.: . .,., m ;y s g 1 -paratures generated in the cable tray fire. Once this high pressure af.r : 1 -fc .
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- was released it intenstf ted the fire and its spread.
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; the cable burn pattern, it is reasonable to suspect that the fire orf gi- 'i7
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e?fet. y.c' nated to the left of center when facing the cables in'the bend.' The h'3 eat
- ,r }i . ?:, w 5-f , from the cable fire also caused the cage mesh directly below to sag from 1
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the tray ' struts and side rail fel1~ to the floor of ;the cage a5d' easily EiFi
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ignited the plastic materials directly below.
. 1. It is also noteworthy that all visible surfaces above the cable-tray, 'i l* V. .
l - . , .1 ocl udt ng constderable at r ducttog, showed little to no heat ' damage and ' 1 L 1, i - only moderate soot accumulatton. This 1s consistent w1th' an totense - - o l
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- local ized fire in cables as opposed to the comisstion of rapidly burning.
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.4 :@!t; U,s,;? f.6, + e , a d' Inspection and' analysts of. the outer surface on~ each .
>:40(i 3 G7' cable' failed. to" . y.;
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J . f./ L0 CONCLUSIONS ,.
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JJ' The following conclusicns are based on"the foregoing inspection and- . t 1_y analysts , , 4, l- (1) The cau'se of th's fire was accidental.
, , c ,- ' . (2) The ortgtn was in the cable tray at the 90 dopw band area
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to the left of center.
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. (3) The cause of the fire was electrical in nature.
M;; (4) A more definitive conclusion as to cause will requi re ferther analysis.
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l Respectfully submitted, L. , c.-,...
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Joseph R. Reynolds, J r., P.E. , .;, . g . i M.i'
- U t- . r L Senior. Electrical Engineer .
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.' , PEACH BOTTOM CABLE RACK FIRE 630405 CABLE DATA Cable No. Length Conductors Strands /Cond. Cond. Diameter AWG Size Mfg.Date Ism 12'4" 2 7 .058" 15 1971 lig 16'8" 3 7 .148 7 1970 2 16'6" 2 7 .119 9 1969 3 13'2" 2 7 .062 14 1972 4 14'11" 2 7 .12 9 1972 i 5 14'8" 3 7 .079 12 . 1969
, 6 14'4" 3 7 .225 3 1971
- 7 14'0" 3 7 .28 1 1970 8 13'0" 2 7 .083 12 1971
) 9 15'1" 3 7 .12 9 1970 10 15'5" 2 7 .31 1/0 1971 11 12'7" 3 7 .08 12 1971 13 14'0" 5 7 .08 12 1970 14 13'4" 2 7 .07 13 1970 15 15'1" 3 7 .25 2 1971 16 14'11" 3 7 .15 7 1970 17 14'7" 3 19 .53 5/0 1970 18 13'11" 2 7 .07 13 1971 19 15'2" 2 7 .12 9 1971 20 14'8" 2 7 .07 13 1971 21 14'3" 5 7 .06 15 1969 22 13'7" 2 7 .06 15 1971 24 13'6" 2 7 .11 10 1971 25 13'7" 2 7 .12 9 1971 26 15'5" 3 7 .24 3 1969 27 13'1" 3 7 .10 10 1970 28 13'7" 3 7 .22 3 1970 29 14'8" 2 7 .11 10 1970 32 13'9" 3 7 .11 10 1970 33 14'4" 3 7 .27 2 1970 34 14'1" 3 7 -
.23 3 1969 Note: All cables marked "ROCKBESTOS PYROTROL III 600V"
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Cable Damage Matrix u 1
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cable Fire Seal Char (1 side) Char (all sides) Exposed Cond. Melting Arcing Description Missing Conductor-11'7"-11'11" 8 4'8"-5'8" 7'10"-11'0" - 11'0"-12'2" - - End cut ,'
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101"-12'6 Separation g4 3. ~ g4 10 Ist Cond.-all strands . arced apart 9 6'1"-7'1" 9'3"-10'1" 12'6"-14'3" - 13'6" 2nd Cond.-4 of 7 strands areed*anart
. 9'0"-12'6" .
10 5'10"-6'10" 14'3"-14'8" - 12'6'-14'3" -. - End cut 8'4"-9'6" 11 5'2"-6'2" 9'6"-11'8" - 11'8"-12'7" - - Brittle, End, cut , 8'9"-9'6" Separation- 3 Conductors arced apart 13 5'3"-6'3'" 10'11"-12'1" - 12'1"-12'11" 12'5" 12'3" - 1 strand arced ap' art 912'4" End -Fire melted (Missing 12'7"-12'9") 8'4"-9'2" , 14 5'3"-6'3" 9'2"-11'6" - 11'6"-12'11" - 12'0" Arced apart Brittle 15 5'1"-6'2" 8'5"-11'10" - 11',10"-13'7" - - End cut 1st. Conductor- 7 strands arced apart 16 5'1"-6'1" 8'4"-11'11" - 11'11"-13'4" - 12'2" 2nd Conductor- 3 strands arced apart 8'7" 10'0" 12'7",to is t Conductor 9 12'7",2nd conductor ; 17 5'2"-6'4" 10'3"-12'4" - - - g3 3 9 12'11",13'1",&l3'3". Cable tie 96'4;" f 18 5'3"-6'2" .' h
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i t S Cable Fire Seal Char (1 side) Char (all sides) Exposed Cond. Mel ti ng Arcing Description s 8'7"-10'0" 12'4*and 1st Conductor-4 strands melted apart ' ' 10'2"-11'0* 2nd Conductor-1 strand melted apart 19 4 4.-6'4" 11'0"-11'10" - 11'10"-13'9" 12'10" - _' 8'6"-9'11" 10'1"-11'8" gg.8"-13'11" - - End broken. Brittle *
; 20 4'4"-6'3 ,
' 8'0"~9'6" 1 strand broken 9,11'10".End cut I I ~11 3' 11'3"-13'0" - Slight Seraration
- f. 21 4'11"-6'9" .- -
8'10"-9'5" 1 Conductor broken brittle 911'4" 22 4'11"-5'10" 9'7"-11'2" 8'1"-8'10" 11'12"-12'8" - - Ends broken , l 7'3"-g*1= - 24 4 ' 6 "- 5 6 " 9'2"-10'11" - 10'11"-12'6" - 11'5"- End cut.1 Conduc' tor arced apart l ! l- 8'0"-9'5"
- l 25 4'11"-5'10 " 9'6"-11'2" - 11'2"-12'8" - - Ends cut 4
ll I 8'3"-8'11" - 9 ? 0 ".-9 ' 8 " 26 5'0"-6'0" .9'9"-11'8" - 11'8"-13'9" - - Ends cut ' ] - . 1 e 8'2"-9'7" - I ) 9'8"-11'2" . Ends cut i 27 4'8"-5'11" 11'9"-13'1" - 11'2"-1189" - - i l 8'1"-8'11" 9'0"-9'7" 28 5'0"-6'0" 9'8"-13'3" - - - - ' Ends cut -
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Reconstruction of cable lengths from tray.. fire +' with damaged areas to right.
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Photograph 2 2 Reconstruction of cable tray layout as Viewed ,," -
, from the bottom arc and fire damaged areas -
numbered left to right. ..
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Vertical index at the fire seal compund. .Three . unidentified cables in foreground.
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Ma,for arc and fire damaged areas of-cab'lesfound. ,.h 1. g .
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Photograph 5 - Cables 15, .. Md, }..c'. 4 W. . , fire seal compound on outer surface l(typical)g g.26 , W13.7.
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Electrical Engineering Division N3 2301 Market Street March 24, 1986 EE DIVISION COMMENTS ON FORENSIC TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL (FTI) INTERIM REPORT
" ANALYSIS OF A CABLE TRAY FIRE" (FEBRUARY 27, 1986)
The FTI Interim. Report, " Analysis of a Cable Tray Fire" at Peach Bottom APS, that was prepared by Joseph R. Reynolds, Jr., was reviewed and the.following comments are offered: 1.0 Introduction
- 1. ~ The Interim Report title and the " Introduction" imply that the causes of the fire originated in the cable tray. The origin of the fire, we believe, was inside the diver's cage.
2.0 Background
- 1. The facts presented at the November 13, 1985 meeting at
. the site do not agree with the investigator's statement that the plant fire brigade was dispatched to extinguish a fir'e in a cable tray. The fire narshall indicated that the fire brigade was sent to investigate a report of smoke on the 165' level. A red glow - not a fire - was observed in the tray while they were extinguishing the fire on the floor of the cage. .
- 2. The initially reported elevator electrical problem, it has been determined, was not related to the fire. High contact resistance within the contactor was the probable cause for the elevator malfunction. No electrical problems were noticed prior to the fire.
3.0 Investigation
- 1. The AWG cable sizes listed in Appendix A do not relate to the strand sizes of the cables involved in the fire.
A solid AWG wire table was used to match a measured
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stranded conductor diameter to a solid wire size. This approach resulted in overstating the conductor size.
- 2. Regarding the statement on one-side charring, it should be noted that this charring was directly above the cage fire. PECO testing indicates that cable damage due to internal faults /overcurrents occur around the complete circumference of the cable. Charring is indicative of an external heat source. If the heat was generated internally to the cable, one would expect to see insulation breakdown internal to the jacket with the jacket being ruptured at the high stress location.
- 3. PECO photographs taken after the fire indicate that the insulation and jacket materials were charred but still intact after the fire. The report should state that the complete loss of these materials occurred during removal and shipping.
- 4. The FTI report describes the materials stored in the caged room below but understates the extent of flammable material. The stored items were contained in as many as 2 of 7 highly flammable polyethylene bags.
- 5. The intensity of a fire hot enough to melt the 1/8-inch lead shield plates surrounding the filter cylinders would appear to be more than a selective and localized fire.
- 6. Mr. Reynold's statement that the major fire drop area is below the 90 degree bend in the cable tray suggests the conclusion that the fire originated in the cable tray and not the cage. It is difficult to perceive how one can determine the fire origin from observations of photographs of the fire aftermath.
4.0 Analysis
- 1. Mr. Reynolds, in his very first statement, has concluded the fire originated in the tray. However, the individual conductors of the cable in this tray were insulated with flame-retardant cross linked polyethylene, and each cable had an overall jacket of flame-retardant neoprene. It has been proven that these materials will not support or propagate combustion when exposed to the following fire tests:
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~ 1. IEEE 383.- 70,000 BTU Propane Burner, Vertical Configuration. ,
'2. PECO D-225924 - Oily Rag, Vertical Configuration.
- 3. Wyle Labora' tories, Nuclear Environmental Qualification Test Report 4660-3, Full Tray Short Circuit / Overload.
t The.first two tests require that the fire does not propagate and that the cables do not support combustion i when the flame source is extinguished. Both these tests must be successfally passed before a cable can be used . in a,PECO nuclear facility. The Wyle Labs test was a site specific test ~run for our Limerick Nuclear Generating Station. In this test, cables as large as 3x2/0 were subjected to, sustained overcurrents, 660 amperes for over one hour. The only ignition that occurred was in,one location where the cable exited over the sid,e rail,of the' cable tray with its minimum bending radius l greatly exceeded. The cables installed at Peach Bottom do not exceed their minimum bending radii. If
-currents 'high enough in magnitude to cause ignition occurred, some other. evidence of thermal damage must be present elsewhere in'the electrical circuit. There was no evidence of damage anywhere else in the affected ETrcuits.
- 2. ,PECO photographs indicate that the air line below the
' cable tray ruptured at the 6 o' clock position and air was directed down and toward the diver's cage tire.u The air helped to intensify the fire in the cage - not in the tray. ~
3.-- If a tray fire were started by a Nable' arc on the left side of the tray, it would 'have been caused by a faulted
#14 or #10 conductor as arcing was evident only on cables of these sizes. However, Wyle Labs testing clearly demonstrated that sust'ained fault current energy levels iri the' cables of a full _ tray could not initiate a fire. The Wyle Labs test results suggest that thermal
,ehergy levels from an arcing #14 or #10 conductor cable would not be sufficient to' start a fire in the cable
~~
tray. 4 'It is more like y that heat from the cage below and not the heat from~the cable tray above caused the cage mesh to sag and aluminum tray to melt. The Wyle Labs tests showed that the cable faults ca'nnot generate enough heat to cause widespread damage to the aluminum tray. , 4 -
e,
- 5. Since all visible surfaces above the cable tray, including considerable air-ducting, showed little to no heat damage - only moderate soot accumulation - we would conclude that the fire was below the tray. If the fire originated in the tray, there would have been more evidence of soot accumulation on the surfaces above the tray. The tray and fire-retardant cable shielded the air ducts and surfaces overhead from the fire in the cage.
- 6. Contrary to the inspection and analysis report that all indications point to what is normal to an accidental cable fire, there are indications from an inspection of the insulation and outer jacket that the flame was from an external source. Flame tests, such as IEEE 383 and the PECO oily rag test clearly have shown that short circuits do, in fact, occur after the jacket and insulation have been burned away, and this would explain the presence of arcing that was observed in the postmortem.
- 5. Conclusion FTI conclusions drawn by Mr. Reynolds have already been recited in the analysis report. There are no supporting reasons to conclude the fire to be accidental; to suggest it was electrical in nature; nor to place its origin in the cable tray. ,
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