ML20148N384

Forwards Geologic Rept Re Suggested Graben in Gravelly Springs,Al Area.Distance to Facilities Precludes Significance of Structures.Related Documentation Encl

ML20148N384
Person / Time
Site:	Browns Ferry, Yellow Creek
Issue date:	12/11/1980
From:	Lefevre H Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
To:	Rolonda Jackson Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
NUDOCS 8101050610
Download: ML20148N384 (15)

Text

. . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

!NM

• i . ,

l THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS -

POOR QUAUTY PAGES

\

[ *

. DEC 11 1980 1 ] .

,g U Docket Nos:- 50-259, 50-260,.50-296

, 50-566, 50-567-MEMORANDUM FOR: Robert:E. Jackson, Chief . 3 $ 3 Geosciences Branch, DE- g .ge c2 FROM:' Harold E. Lefevre, Geologist Jd: '

E3 Geology Section, GSB, DE W% ~ ",' ' y -. m i

SUBJECT:

SUC3ESTED " GRABEN" IN THE GRAVELLY SPRINGS, Y  :

t ,

ALA8AMA AREA $ F3 j -

5 y E As a " follow-up" to my informal transmittal to W. Seay of TVASof documents i

. (NUREG/CR 1519 and supplementary letters) relating to reported structure i- north of Gravelly Springs, Alabama, Mr. Seay forwarded to the Geosciences Branch (on Dec.' 2,1980) a geologic report stemming from a recent (Oct. 30,1980) visit to the area. :The field geologic information was generated by Dr. Ernest Russell, TVA Consultant, who was in the company of two TVA geologists, Hal l Robinson'and Charlie Burshears.'The Russell party traversed the Gravelly

.[<

Springs area-(abcut 15-20 miles east of Yellow Creek and 50 miles northwest i

of Browns Feryy). As reported in earlier geologic letter reports (Severy,

' 1929 and Mellen,1942) there does indeed (according to Dr. Russell) appear

i. to be a disturbed area in the identified region. See Figure 4 (Areas 50 l

[- and 51) of the August 1,1980 Jack Kidd (Geological Survey of Alabama) annual progress report.. entitled " Structural Geology of Northwest Alabama" for the i location of the reported feata m. Due to a-lack of surficial information, however, the origin of the features cannot be conclusively determined. Dr.

Russell does have an opinion (s) relative to the possible nature and extent of the structures:

1. They are probably grabens involving faulting of Paleozoic rocks.

I 2. The faulting may be non-tectonic.

I

3. Displacement of the Cretaceous Tuscaloosa formation may be the result of gravity sliding. . _

4 The graben may be related to solutioning of the underlying limestones.

5. The structures are probably localized to the Gravelly Spring area.

I am in general agreement with Dr. Russell regarding the extent of the

[ structures - at least to the southeast of the old Natchez Trace. There is y insufficient evidence to make a determination of the extent of the.

' structures' continuation, if any, northwest of the 2,000 ft. exposure along the old " Trace." The age of the faulting / slumping / sliding is also inconclusive since both Paleozoic and Cretaceous have been disturbed.

No younger identified significant deposits overlie the Cretaceous here. Two of the many possible typotheses explaining the faulting are discussed below.

y; V a.un.m.... . ...:.y... ..................... ................ .............. ........ ...........

, m. ....................... ................ .

. I unc somu m a.m wacu ous

• v.... m - ====. . m m ... .......

1.

( _ _ . . - _ , . . _ _ _ . ._ . . _. .._._.___..._________________s -

i

c. )

. . .l l

l

. W  %

.i

^4 %G 4 ,

\

l DISTRIBUTTON: - - 2- DEC I 17980  :

DOCKET FILE-NRR RDG GSB RDG The faulting (displacement) may have occurred during post - Tuscaloosa time when' abundant Paleozoics may have covered %e ridges, down-dropping those Paleozoics preserved in the graben and di.' ring the Cretaceous as well. 3 This was some time ago since there are n' artedly (Dr. Russell) no other Paleozoics of this type within at . east 10 miles of the investigated  ;

exposure. The remainder of the exposures have been eroded. The faulting could have occurred during Paleozoic' time with the Cretaceous Tusca150sa later slumping into the area due to gravity sliding. At any rate, because  :

the deformation ssen along the old Natchez Trace is not seen a short distance '

to the SZ of.the exposures it would appear the structure is of limited extent to the southeast (and, by inference, to the northwest) and may not be of '

tectonic, but of non-tectonic ico11 apse) origin. In conclusion, the structures are of no significance with respect-to either Yellow Creek or'to Broves .

L Ferry because of:

I

! 1) .' The distance to the power plants

. A. 15-20 miles to Yellow Creek I, .

B. 50 miles or so to Browns Ferry .

0  :

I 2) The strike (N10 W to N65 W) of the features seen in the olo Natchez Trace, if extended to the NW or to the SE, would not project into l 1

either plant area.-  :'

y

3) As an aside, there is no seismic activity in the area to indicate  !

possible recency of faulting.

I Several attachments to the document transmitted to the Geosciences Branch ',

on Dec. 2, 1980 by W. Seay of.TVA will not reproduce well. Consequently Mr. Seay's transmittal will be retained in its entirety in the Branch file 4Ye110w Creek) for future reference.  ?

I

\ b t \ i Harold E. Lefevre, Geologist '

Geology Section Geosciences Branch, DE i

cc: J. Knight ,

i L. Reiter l R. McMullen  ;

' H. Lefevre i J. Harbour N. Steuer

-* :p. sa....  :

i . . . - * . . . erM4:.sa.................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....................

.m .. ...1241.1480. . , , . . . . . . . . , , ....., . . . . , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , ,,,,,

' NBC. F3RM 318 (9 76) NRCM 0240 W u.s. sowena sav en avine oneses isvs . see is.

'e

• Q:- , ,

r

' ~ s

, -A .

s.

cs e

Sed r2 /2 ~4-90

~ .

$ /&c 3'C

'f o

R

. hhCbd- l Chem Knes M. 5. -

'! L_.J O

---

w - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

mus . . rense g , 'l .

t O ^--- ' Knom ' M M i CJhe * ! C ! . 5.

!l_

ATub c( /: ~~& ./~ 4 an! ll%.s u/ .

f g 4 $ Y

/

/-l;_

a/

// - tr'E 9 /*<.p ma: f

.e 3 k, .-/,q/

/ -

a.n .7, . Le , L 7b }La...L c4.6

/ /h /t >

k /'

L( .Th] An _* ,, l*

, 4.*/?.% & Ae C**.*. SW l '

/ W /0 -!

• h- f f$*

. V w / 9 +2- .

/5hc, e br.ss0 /O /?c, f, ~ c ~. ,

c (7~rk)

4. ~ l'hrtlr e b it3kJo/*y f>lbhr('/E 6 'act Geb-- a 7-) e,1,77//% lecu%

s ' '

+ es Oc/. 3 0 ,/'t&C . ..

D f. l 4 L h*

J <  ;

t&.,ccel i c r w. A nea. m i j / 1  :

ll[ e b l 19VLv0 I!cc c.Di r T ?% dS t

/-

/

J A- 2 C-l/C% Ef2 Ai, > C 2><~ On l A coe%cis ed 7h geo c/ GW \

8 ci d As7ijn Te ce _ fb b&

rva ao tos e minnomes mune sur I

1 3

i'

'\a

• 1

. l

. 5s' a' , we F

O ^""

g -

lChe+tl Knon l M. 5.

Il l i i

__--_-_ --_ ----- ww---------__-------

me sm so.

i

. F R

O "- ' M. 5.

-M llChett'  !! RKnes ! L_ J f -s a.

3* n/ c e -> W d) r // a f c~ *cj / W tc l

? J2: : O.

)

/W

/.t. .: n-

..: ! -/ . .

i~ ,_

_.../.-.

m .

/ ,7 --

/__? & is t r' c/ ~F :.w f, L.. AC '/.% . ~~~ ~

4 a h _s- Q.) G- -*- CW '_ I, ' 0' '

d bhTe a-ds e, YliT~ 141 rh.:n.:=.a>.n.

<:/4 s

/i . eL- / ,1 /2-

/-

c;xt9 / fu e r2 y 9.vt l / c?c'n. . , *>

/

fLne.:re c'/ 6 "s s' /" / lw Me J

A /w, b. .h e n , % c- e/ 1, - emw.4 .

• ~7h w w :t ,s,w & e hl<~t

/

e$ N c C-.' _c Sur(,, s /r NNc~~f /O a

ffYlg~ A l ,O -

l W 5""dr 4 :./

p4 1

w _._

Au Aeon suiL</ iz 7L c/R.<6>-

~7Ln1 in u.s V /w ew e M , L 7~c

= . m e o u -

su, e - N 5

l 1

e i

)

i I

9

.g

.. 3 I

l l

t l

.e J.

• MA.e4 DAf5 F '

0 ^~

R 'K"*8 IN"!

!L_J L J l M 3-

_________________w,__________________

NAMG EKr$NilCN F

R O ^-"" ' M. S.

M lliNM' I!! Knes ! Q g s-o . :. ery ', *h , ?

4 /2c.L ., /si // ~ i be n

/ ~ ~ '

~"~~)

'Q' L A* s

~

,/C /

j y> L +'

f5 /,'* ."e. . /. *%/

4' .... .: fx , w Os *A -h. . .' / , ./ <, u. - l tC / s,w' r / ? ,: 1s :( * ~ f_. A /

. ls" c - .fa c' .h

/

isi bs.* f & r l *1o .' A y .Z

/

f* g ll *

/ _

$C 'r% ;' 0%* & ! bY / W'4  % 'o # L. ,/ &

4o e. A /h W6 t..A ne , .

J-

/ / / 5' /1/L w JEL e, 7e -e .- 7e*

-t- _ - s .,,,,_ ,

/A_J/ )X (f)ms s, r#Q C//9l /r4

/ s

/lw& wm a 7&r, w; L >

a en-, s e/

wo' 0 t.,V 7,LT&r Y

. W cd / C el 3 G

/ /?C k A < !% f_ 141 u 2 kJ Mr '_ G. w l1 * ~. s , s G ~__r

/ J i s

4,*

d.-l c n m. / (e- c /d b. au C AL. ' '* /8H i~ . /p i e f rdM . .- 4 s.~ w . +: wiu

~

do, e i, w 0 $*/C +hp n b. No .

• hi%ve ( saa 4 <l c3 .

N, t. m . x -

c.e R., im A, Tcs - icw v

Q r9 5 0 i(&n i u % /$ f GO I ~:' ~ L..- [/ &I J

ti O c /'> u c 1 A ~ -l iT f ,i **= b e b{ i2 tv4 m tos. e wrinomca u.ames su, g

.. _ ~ . , , _ . _ _ .

%,  % 1

~

s if

.i .4 1.,

ip

, f

&, > s

. /,  ;

i MAME DAfl l F

0 -M

.g lCg Kne '! . S.

Oin ,

Maut a- G F ,

1 O Knos ' M. 5.

M llChett'! !!!

I O i '

< ,1 w &

~

/z.; nd CEY 13o

.- / .~

0* 7$N$ L** f3 L

• I e, ?t4 4 ' _C'*k (* w' & . -'-l

/ j ..

cM /h c/[J7wi4 A - -4 c sv 6

}' ** G. (

• C bAVW h* Y ~b'  ;

l if, &

v.

c.f-e- .

n ,in y

10

..i' o ,' - t < ....>r, 13 7; ,

r w m ,v.w R - ,.

- - a a.

. i} > , W, ',,, . $MW ks'Jef wc..$  % d. .l .

e a

v. .

r' , ,

.f4 f & OO / .w C <fp f A 8 tvA % ** 'h

"' I {

-- , u.V ,.

h /h N* W Y.Dr $Y'f y ' i r/(c-~:% /3 .I sito w us.r At _$

i

/ .) /- -

w-Jh9 C(.J W /mCr' / fNw~ / C' W j

t/ Y ? G so %

/ &W4 /+1 # n'W c5 ,

C7 l

/L /w.. L ,+ wg/ a arr+s i:,.d i

' 4

/

.' ?-

,s t

" i m . io - - - so, -j

+

i i

l-t i  !

s

}Y a

n w a .,- ,, , , - .,m -

c s *. - y MISSISSII:'1:"I . ST.-\TE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY

• MISSIS $1 ppt STATE, MISSISSIPPI 39762 . -

PHONE (601) 325 0915 November 7, 1980 Mr. Bill Seay Geological Services Tennessee Valley Authority Knoxville, Tennessee

Dear Bill:

Thursday, October 30, 1980, I met with Hal Robinson and Charlie Brashears to' examine a graben: structure reported by Jack Kidd in the; appendix of NUREG/CR 1519, .

General Geology, Geophysics and Seismicity of. Northwest Alabama (1980). As you know, the basis for the structure is correspondence and a private geologic-report by F. F. Mellen of Jackson, Miss. He postulated not one but-two grabens in the area. north of Gravelly Springs, although only one is shown on his maps. Mellen also included an' older geologic report for an oil prospect by Mr. C. L. Severy, a gelogist from Tulsa, Oklahoma (1929) who postulated several anticlinal structures in the area.

Both Severy and Mellen's structures (geologic reports 1929,1942) were based on analysis of outcrop control; however, they did not include a geologic map. Severy as well as Mellen identified the green shales and oolitic limestones in Sections 33 and 34 as Gasger or Chester and recognized that they were stratigraphically low.

The steep (10 ) north dipping beds in the vicinity led Severy to conclude that the Gasper beds had been brought down on the north limb of an anticline, part of a complex of anticlines and synclines he described in the Gravelly Creek area. j In the same vicinity (Sections 33 and 34), Mellen noted a series of "Chester" i shale outcrops restricted. to a narrow east-west belt that were bounded by Tuscumbia l Limestone to the north and the south. Therefore, he inferred that the "Chester" shales were in a graben and that springs in the Tuscumbia Limestone were associated with faulting. He makes no reference to having observed any fault features such as slickensides, etc. On the basis tf an outcrop of green shale (on his map) in Section 9 he inferred a similar graben more or less parallel to the previously mentioned graben l about 2.5 miles to the north.

We examined the structure on the coundaries of Sections 9 and 10 in the limited time available. The outcrops are deeply weathered, heavily colluviated and the  ;

vegetative cover is thick. However that dips more or less south at(D on, thethere map. is an outcrop of 6-8 feet of bedded cherThe in the graben The lower slopes atCD on, are covered and gravel float is present on the upper slopes.the map 570 feel. ASL there are bedded limestones. Therefore, on the basis of what we observed, we can neither confirm nor deny the structure.

n

) . J' t -i N,

g , ,

pt 17 g .

.. n '

f ,

7' Bill.-Seay & e

,,[ November 7,!1980:

A Pagel2 -

However, roadcuts along the old Natchez Trace r(No. 4 on.' map) in Sections;101 c .and 15 and 3 miles northeast of trave 11y Springs expose.aivery good section of L a yMississippian cherts and shales (no limestone) 'and' Cretaceous gravels'and -sands - 1

. (see profile). ' Within the'section and in the ' northwestern gravel pit there are :

, 'several NW-SE trending faults that cut the shales and gravels and; sands. Although, 1-

- it is: difficult to determine which of the blocks are up or down they-could be-interpreted as 'downfaulted blocks in'a graben, especially if the' graenish-gray Mississippian shales: involved in the structure:are low stratigraphically as. Mellen-Dhas suggested. Another possibility is that the Tuscaloosa. sediments could have; been involved in gravity faulting resulting from slope failure on the; deeply weathered clay shales.. Some evidence suggests this possibility.. Photo :5 shows gravels. lying  ;

on contorted clays and the gravels appear to be the toe of a slide. The faults ~ north  !

of the toe could bound:a series of blocks in 'a gravity slide induced graben and all the o structure itself~ the result of multiple. slope ' failures. The faults are nearly vertical- '

and the strike varies from N10W to N65W as shown on the~ road profile. There is a

large gravel pit paralleling the road and about 300 feet northeast of the northernmost;  ;

fault--no structures were' observed in the pit (photo).: 'Of course a third possibility - '

is that the Tuscaloosa gravels were deposited on a surface truncating' the green clay -

shales that were in a' graben, and, subsequently they have been. involved in gravity .

induced slope failure.

No other structural features were observed in the traverses. However, green clay ' shales are present in at least' one locality about one mile SE of the Natche:

Trace ' structure in the SE 1/4 of Section 15. It underlies flat lying Tuscaloosa "

gravels.

Several ' observations need to be made in conclusion. Most importantly, no detailed ,

geologic map exists in this area and existing maps and reports are som what confusing '

in regards to the stratigraphy. On the 1926 geologic map of Alabama (Stose, et al.)

Gravelly Springs is shown to be underlain by Fort Payne and the uplands to the u east are Tuscumbia Limestone. On the Alabama Geological Survey Mao of 1962, only l Fort Payne is showa with Tuscaloosa on the ridge tops. Bedded limestone and cherts (

occur in the vicinity of Gravelly Springs. Mellen has called these Tuscumbia but j they are mapped as Fort Payne. The question arises--is it Tuscumbia; and .next, .is it possible for there to be Pride Mountain shale in the area. A slight reversal

'in dip could bring it down- Weathered green Mississippian shales are present .in road cuts aboutM miles to the southwest in Section 21, T3S, R14W, across the Tennessee River. If the green shales are in place then no graben is necessary to explain their presence. However, if the beds in the vicinity are Ft. Payne and lower Tuscumbia ,

and there are no green shales within those formations, Mellen's infeaences are~ j probably' correct and a graben would best explain the presence of the shales.

i

" ~ '

7_~_ I l _ _ _ . _

~ , [. . .,_ , - , . . _ _ . _ _,.,.._,_.,_._n._a

• ~ ' -

(

itye r _.

p ,

4. - .

m.,

BillhSeay November;7. 1980-

< Page:3' 4.t; l

L At best the orientation of the; grabens-is speculative and additional field work.would be necessary to-confinn their strike. The featuresL appear to be local,:

and the nearest undoubted grabens I~ know.of are those along Tennessee ' River at Cerro -

.Gordo, Hardin Co., Tenn'. There, the Eutaw beds, that lie on Mississippian beds ini l

l the. graben, are not disturbed therefore the graben is pre-Eutaw in age. In the-

' Natchez Trace structure beds. of. Tuscaloosa age are involved -but they could be .

related to slope failures. .

1 It is my opinion that these are local structures, probably grabens, but also  !

there are slope failures. If they are grabens they could be relateo to solution ,

in the underlying limestones. '

n On- Friday morning 'I checked a series of. road cuts in a ew highway-(Miss. State t

Hwy 350) west of-Yellow Creek Port. Preliminary examination of sodded cuts indicate '  ;

al1 units in place. Afterwards I looked at cuts in the excavation at Yellow Creek Nuclear Plant with Charlie Brashears.

I then met with John Mindock, Area Geologist, USCE Burnsville Office and '

examined all active areas of excavation along the waterway from the divide cut north  :

to Yellow Creek Embayment as shown on the map.

Sincerely, .

Q .

r Ernest E. Russell l

t EER:sr .

i i

' ?.s. GL. u. .% Ap+w a .4 m a p u s n p.h & & GL-h. E*..- JA - - qA l ett r%A Cs 4 i 4.- 44 +r.p w 44 6aM- '

r s

l t

i .

if -  !

l u .

l - * ~ . = . .

i, h

4

,? .

• i L ,

• .~

l

~ ~ ~

_ 2_ - . . . .

C am' y g i

r. .- "i +4 . .. < , , i ., , a dt 4 4 l k.

G ' ' f ~ ? b lf'~* ." - l

?,&

W$2.&.-).jbG'";",-~c'.4$hl& .

..gyr y >fN* . '

If b , ,g &'[, ' ,. - (, $

1-6. .% + , gpT 7 ,.. ...

g.p o,p.,

h; g .,;

k i

.' . . .'\

. . f ar L,...

e . . s, #- - 8 y . ? 2 q; . '~r. *-

c. .,,,.,

r- ,-, W -,0.q ,

• 3, p ' . , , .,3- 3

.* - t**e& ,.,.3-4 e

8

,, q ., [, ws. ,. + yw

9 f mu -n.<-- y.J- q' :3 ~'f

.*g I

Tb i1 ' *

(7*

~

M' f

. '1 M 4;45.d.

Re . .g.:.K .$. s l ,. g v y .t ,,v' Y

• sa s - , ,

~L 4 ,%D,, p. -n. **y

• p. .

6 7-

.y '

^^W^ . -] ' 'j * - 's,'-dt D D. -

• 1. .g'r-6. - fhp'-p ^Tgg 6..

• W** *nY ' i

s . . . ,

. -r

.- 6.,qs.y

,- ' .3~)' g 't.'Js4

...E _ vy c',;g.l

, , s ' % 'y g.;.f f' -

'^

,- .'f,? .% A '..!+4 '. Ne .'_ t 3P- .

~ %:.. wWar 5 m:p .4- ?.2f M~T. ,'rfg..m.'r' - 'l 9{.o ' ? .

t,

.?; . ," ~: -

s.

w a zw y .4 a 5 -

h -- *

~ g.

.- - R ,

+

N n ; p W gl ^ u r p I x__ i;YM&T4%k '

"y'% .~= [ c : 4.8 _

s Q _ ax -9

2. -#f,..%

.. Y wW.e'3, '**

~

=m .. / -

N7 WM

~~

e. CoryTe ft.7(P CL MS

., dg  %.lg C3.A*f ' Stw

~{

~~~~)

~

- - - '-*;--~~~ -. .n. ..

~. .

i-i _

...........,-fw... _4 a ~ .. m, .

- s .

~

.' .V , I

, n. .......

' ' e- : c -c# f Q_l:g [ '

h -

_/ . ~ -,_

r. .

b %, ,r -

+. .

r"

. . . -A*:

L

. ,., .p~.. .'.

.  :.r y ;% ' .g.

-_.a s

.*, . - . g _.

.. s . t; ' y .

7 x tr m' .; . ' . '

. . - - gb ,' p%.

~ W;;. ~ ' ' ' '

^!,&' f

- f -- .- - **

~

I

.. :'2 . .

- ( L .-j ^ y gl (,y' g( '

.; p ..

~

w _ .D d__',.. -

~ ~

, ,_ ~

i

.-l_ '_

rhyy[

. . n .?g  ::. m &f,y* . .. .

z -

.. . m ' .y v' .

- " j ._ . - _*

,.. 4; t '. .-. '

m:Qf < l

'..-U

~

< g ei C. .

-n't g l g: '. ' . . 3*

? .. ..

n v \

s

4. *

• • .~ .

Y.  % :

w-yh ,  !

.f

. a t.... ~_ * \' -

nr - y .

• 4 .#

h., -. 'r 4 '. D. w,, - k ,_,.,

.- .i ,.

,- > < ~ .: .

,. J n **t

?y* ,.9* s4. ".

• 1  %

• • • . 9,

~. '

. . .. w'-

• e: )

5  ?,,,

' f " ** '  ; e3 .4 h - .-C

! h~ ~~

,, ) .; 2- ' . - - -; -*Y l *

.- '*'...%* 'M-l

'" ,-Q. x w;; , .

f C

-ini** $3 j' f

f. { t, d ip Ns'w * % ",&

... ..w

_ . * .?m'21 M .: ._ .

y r=: . . . . .

_ ('

,,.,,.....__,,mo, w ay.,, ..,.,,,,w.p.y.e

m -. ~ > - - - ~ ' = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - - -

a. 4 miw _ 2 JA_.u 3, ,4 a o 4 b

o 7 ..

. an an*

h-

~ ~ -. ~ - _

) . . - - .

st I

.I

}

. y- -:.--(v . L.,.

. I

• ..  ; l r,-

• * ,- n.  :

-- .: . ,. /. - v,: <.

~

1 \

_s. e } i g- -s  ;._.4 .

• ' ~

• W ,

e.. :h:;

w c .- - ~>=$ ga? :

7 m c, .

'% - af,, +

, ,,. ## ' -_m.

4

~&lL w *}ge -

~-

>, ~ ~ , ,. ., i

.. _ . ; w 4_; _

, , -@t

- '%-3 .4.~ .:I,'[* .c MS ~ hQ - ;C '. . ,

pg - "<v% ~~7 s.Au g3. l

.7' ,

1 r 4. . . , .. '

M---qm t- f si 4.# 7. A y

.y N.; O^' ' ' # *N ". ' S d5 g y .4 & /s&' ***

s*

< \ l AG e.'.. t .s4 w,

'F .c o g .w -ra ,

~ ~ _

e,.n6.:.rir7 CW my _ _ _ _ _ -

.SD =.uhm e. _ , , . g

~

$ ^

1 . -

l

.y...~ ..

. J leeuwe. I u -

Ja s x

w. .g y.o. ,- i,.<

y sm

.m. ;s.;. <

o

,"1

$1 D.

n. I i

,. M s

4 l

'l l

- L ' '

,  %%.. 7. .a .. .,. . I s

WHh5 i S. ._

n

, +gehj i

, r ..m -

I**A A # N'* "AD % 0 0

.l s.r m sL M %p& w o& ' *Y ' .n M Ued. J %tm ~sJ. - ~; \

tLenst Q uno'p\ Frvel. M. -&~V:*.*: W -

Gw C g m* w --

- ._ o i

W 9 de. h q uMe b id NN.M i

l 9

a**e*===,* . . , . . . . , .

.___ m_ _ _ _ _ - _ .__.___m.__ _ . _ _ - . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _+_ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _' _ w -- ' w N -.PN

a 4 __ .s.--4_. caaa +. 4= di .m e--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - -

. ~

l --

__ ,,,, _ . . - - - - + - .-

,~

.,,-w q '* y . . . . . -

l .. .. --

p. v -

? + ._.,.- . . : ;,- l

, Qsh.t T. .ygg

'f ^ d._m: W *

- .= ~1 l t i

= -

y % k?; p . ;; k;+ . n g. g

., l , ~.

[,y'6 .:.7 3%. t

. L

~

- f.

v.

g 1y A. %. .. $.., gs

,. 3 . ~ ~

~ '-

• p& .4.Q

' * .. ~

~

( , l. ]$$y;Rg. - l .' ." -  ?

gl' j. 4; - Q ; ' ' $+ *'- - ., . .., %l g' g ,~~ g%;r.%

• w4 '

/. *

=- as

, i~

g. ,'s. /g '.;; - . ,

.4 ..

9,.,$ % -..". - - 4 ,

. . ;* , - / *. } j s 9

<,  % - t

.,,[;* _, , , -_ y /f

• 4., ..., . , ...:. ~ -.

...x , , , - . ,w nw

^

5 '

N ','

. ty.

4'.~7

. . _ c. < sm ,, .

c m.,1,,. s, ,~. g. .. m.~,t k -

.~, ..

.- sr T,. .'-

. I.

• y  %._ 4 a, *. . ...

A ?: -N N S E T -1. . ?_ _

-- '. Y .  % - .h7 h 5 0 'g .% ~, -, .<r.

^

~

g

) ggJ,J&W Y I _

et e O f ** W Y t

M "-

,,.,s.4 een am eth *SM " , _ _ _

, , , - se -

• "Ng ggg,, -ea *8-*

f __

.__.O

. .. . w. s--. . ? - ^- ~ . , . . . s ; : ~-#' ~ ' - *

('~~',.

W' Q _

E.7

f .1 F h.

n , . V $ $$ ' 3.. % -

.Ip' .

q . . , , , ,

r' l

" M. . _

'..,Y .'4%'7 ,4 -

. .' .' i ' -

L~ & g -

^.l g ,f,T?,,%;

2. ; 's gQ

_ ^ _

i l- -L . . : _ .

, % t q%, };g' q q.

f  ; ' f.x Q Gj '

+;u -

.:c 4m.%

9.

'l m (

Qy2QRy x, = ~wy w.. .,.-osv

,- e w.. g. . qy f W%WY *h. k 1. . "% 6 ?,' ,;[

4 '*-

O - l " . '. .

f.) _ , .- .4~ .

.,. , K- m.~.=.

< - , ,, m

- = & - ~: . *y:l .1 gqQ% 4 -

--a I 6

. n,_...-.-ww G4d Oh^

i 4

. -. . . 4s. a ga,$lh"l m

p )W o ffIldb J %,/u

@i GWWM hip.U&h4, efII%i

)

__se -

.. a se -

, _ -----_____r _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ - - -

• _ - _ _ _ _ _ --- -*- - _.-4L -w- ---wr-.-m9 h=***--r-wwmee is.Nm.-9*w

1 O

I t i .I -

j l I $

' L( .'. --I .',

emMNO Ri ci t( p d

4 4

!u%g.... - - -,

~ $['hl , t

\ I 3 .. ,t (e i s

i -i I

H g

i i k l- e a -

i

\

g

-1

\ .

1 t

5 1 .

~

I

.t l

! i e

a,I 4

N id s ha.

.N,.

'tLI b

0 h

i 't*

! i

(

+ .a- g-m. . + . . w I

i, s

J g s .i * -

3 7.,

1 q

u ,

' N. . xsj }.

){' l .,t g *,

&aip , i,,,

s.Wa q .; *7 m~ .' \3s .3. }.-

Y r.s #-+

3,.,

.s,

• • a*.  : ;

<g, . 3.e=-* d. f :=f.1

~- ,t 4

". .v / ' Ic t.y c 2, , ., .,

Q Q :;

.- p i s l3 ,

-~y n m.

j-w ie s] g,.cjj. .asi 7i

.1 S y).)p9 .

.E

=

31

.n

- / n as q', w@

.! j d Ig 2 p

$ l

,o' +'4 l. 82M}[: ( #-5.*p, k. . , i

.s

{

-- m,

% {f3 v.

i f

g n g ,}. %<- \. .

. i.

m;

p(

- 6

.}

I' i'.:i ../ .,.gk . -..['.M'dI3/ d...e .* :

a' '

'E h,.: _ [

'm ..

i !

A},'.-)

' g j

--->=r 2

'\

• -* l , :.3 -;

p ',

, A  ;

li4 -a 1/

f. t :1 # '{p,. . .ii

.[. 3 g: - \ l-

.y'# f.,-

- --- 7

( =

.' o 1,'

.i x, T,- 1 .o

- t

. g$3

y #)^ '

'i; /

5~

\*'

l t/[]w.M \ '-} 5{$.4 1 's,,is 8

]

Jh.t. Y. N - ,v[ f.-

-i rn a n Ne. f- s F ,

. - J  :

i v.y ,.r,,  ; c. ub- w* - 5 ,= 1-. .

y

• l ,

\ Y 'j ,o.g f [' 'd .d y;; I$

3 .

U.1 l : .'

g.

m t

v 7

t e f,

os c . 1 -e..

..4 .- . . e s

.f

.4

.it  %  ! g]";,zgj* z,?

I <

5 <

s

\ ,.,, . 'g,\ e/gfa$ -

[2 b' U$!!kh-3b II [E bE s  ; 3rgg.m

-=  ; y .4  ! **e s $ma  ;

t, - ,

IU N

, .- f I

L-e-m,gN .

,. 1 P

4

.m t i . b %'i

~e - N'@J  ;

jX.,

,.: . - o 1

w

'*b.

N ( . $f..*/ f i -

• N g hg[ ' lI j --6

!!3 5

• h f i

• / 8

{ ~!

.fc.

g b ' .

's g[ fu

,i *.

r.._,

e.

e, ,m. x " .

o i,,

a i

\

w.[ r " " *p \

i 6

V ,,1 '. ".

y,I N Pr'

• g.9 ,-

! a' I.

E x -

(g%~ -2, -A.N t

+ 4!.. i l 4 !. l 'l:

-} ; m y2

.j D  !  !

~

N N/ j d'2 d- i r.

N r==r-'[e>l t

.- m i, Ns s >

-7io .c.. i l i i

s, s==

_is

.- l l1 t+% .-ao .t

. . t ia i

, . N .p -i l  ;

f,'.] af \M n .,,, hg ga i 1.[-  !

W '

q -' y b '

i u

n a

o N ':

{

a i\ i o 1

. ul - n f.

2- .

W ,9 ' ' h, . f 'J I

n, l 1 w } .w. , >

i

' c"" }

<L f,': S T ' gf. 8 h h{Y  !

y$f,

[ 4, ,r ) t -'

5 u -- T ; j j ., - m. . .

'N ,.i3 sm I , .

4 t  !  : u, i sV,$,

61 - i

{  !  : .t

c b ,

q 1: f- a

, E l.

%3 g i

f [<~ ' - i N ,

i 1r f -

A J gj l

l 's\ vej %i ph  :; sA.4?rrAp>

1 a

9 tr l

wcwj%

1 x:,.> , a ...-.S.. . n ; .; , ; ; j - ; ,  ;

g.4.- .

\ . i t. . i ri:  : .

m Om am. gy up esse - "

i

s ,

s 4 . /

U*sFID 17Af t$ : .

tJNITED $7ATES seso,t? Quaosassong '

/.=

4 DCutsf rnitMT OF *1.E 'aeTIMOR .

• IF8ME15EE 4tacama . * ,#

1,sowascA6 suaver - ...u. em ano euv4u. EY.:AitTNC,A.ffY saanc e s wauts sassi m,on.auci m-e '

~=~~=~*

~

. ;. - p".m .v. .

d-~~~4L " - - - - r~w- . s,.,.. * *T:; ,* , .

s. _ ,

, a W-., kr_, e.. _.s~ i S '* .;sNcw-F { % , "a ]s [ l p, a-.-*Di. ,. . I -g,

'. %,N .

set //

.t...- . ania g, Nf' -

?

'**'" cf .- .

. ,, f .

i , N' v- ) . ,

r[f DN*,*g I ' '

[ ""*

. , .e.,w n..e m"T. ,. y- p . g,,,, ~.. ~ ,'

..- _ .. v. 3- . .

,,. -J> M i W c. h. (% . L. t.g5* .

• g gla  ; 4 .

,, v ' ,% , #,%?. M.

, 1 ..,.v= .

. sy Q e. . .

+f. ;. %w '( 6 M g ,- .q 5 q .4 g

,3 to 4

j *k g( a .c -*,uS'S-~g,','.<*

,-a 9 ",. -W;,

/

j g

/

'} t%s -o s

%w ,

i t i .-

4 , e 3, y , . io - n!

- . =. u; n-V:...-4 s

,- i..*f-- >.p%.v s a .,% y. q; (*

( .s-

• N,'..\

' r

., -\ -.  ; -

4.cj/ . ,W M e c. ~ ,,%. ,. 3, 3., Y

,v  : * . *

@y>S;p-g v / \.\ a m:~. t,< ,w . x, w I ' -.%,- ,

e.

.- i.. .!, , *

~

3ntp/s%, x,. ,\. ,- r n

\ w -..

- . . ** = -

i ; _ m . .. .

le. , e  ?

b .

-N. :.-$f ~ $ Y$ '

f *-

%R]

• • I 88 p p ( @Il\.3 ,. -

'I h, @f% ~

!, d j I .Q

'$'*N{ ,j l$ d[M 4IYp. f l5 /."

k - O "' l.

3 i N :. LS\ .

/

\

~~ _

p- hh[. e .:i ,"'

', ), *" L ej- ff f- l ~& $ kff ;j, O& j.l ,_,,

f,_ . - , n[, *_.

q - s- r- -

~ . - - . , . 2

' - 4, .,

m. .s

.--.og,,.,%,_.t.

-s

. f.h.

.>L,f. Q 3

'. w .

sh ,

s

[

_ _._m.

.t

,._-..4 p ,>. g.. y-7s e

k'[ ,,.,_g 1

-r

,,,,,y u

s -

. 1

.m-N*.

\

v o.-.

.a . , ,s-y

.s w y , g.., , . _ ,_ _ g , p 4n 3 ,, ,_._,. g. .. ,

, t ,,.y s_,,, _ , , ,

. .., c 3,,$ ', J 0 N'y6

, f,g. ,,;. v 't% /.%y ,a./? ,,.V q 1.' .

,,, yi%[1 -,,$.%

.C,s',,, g I'. %d.Ls .- ;O .6 f * .

• . '.jc "

4

. -^-l J% q ;1s/s' . , . t y/

y,,C.y gf4

• g.&(*

,,,( -P~ ,' ' * ,,,yc' ',. , '( g n~ s *.-

• -=

s A . b. 3 1, - y

,-- r. t -

J

.f, v, ,". g, .$- ~ W .g; -,.y. y k, . ,, va.,

r-9 e in- :.

• S

( ,g. .,

.gg -y.:;_ x, ,(*. :L

,,9 ,,i.  :

m, ,  % -

.g 6 s , u,6,. #.,e. , . ;na 3. . .

' ' ' -* .. /  : .

^

%, 3

/ 5 g k P.

/

a . G .,e, N ,} d* ,% %

e*d

';. .i ' c ;.3 / .

.I 4 &m .

. '4 y

g

'A g.gh. r8e dp.p., ** .

.,w,

/ T- ,, s

'iY ,:N I./'8P ,

Af.I, s

-g I" 5 ?hh,7, f.,$ 'sa-- ./ ~

h w --

~'%*

• g ' ,

f ,2 g

? =, &.f -

N.. ; vw . . e

1 Jg4+f .fv y,.,g s 1

,f

• 3 C"' g ~~

<:%.Dh*7,M-)g;.,y,,,,,,/ . 4p3 j :,l-  ;: ,,s ; -. -

p . _; p, W kp3bp's' y .i.v','Tf.'gO N,. T..3-~9 ki't, tj[f[. .: . , ,

J.M , # 2 %$ / 10 % -

t

, ~ H '. ? p a ., * '

hk kk P/.'

Ea bihkb .- E hh . ,,,

M)  ; r>

m b.. l .

)

4 e.

4 (

S " y

[/,

r s. ( c . -

b $' t 5Y@

r

@% , ,'. N t,3 r- L t

4/ Iy i.

DWM'sK o,

"r

.l f5.j ( g' J i

y a.,

s-

• • W '-

Is*Pf f r g'1d',"je i L 2

-- 1 e".p1t '~4'

'< W:7 A..af~. k. WQ'ds")

@'d3fG:%

~

'Y

..,, s,

--.' _ f st. .

I ( N-"."*"> " d N'h,A.

s.

,[a /' ,Jt N. \/ '..  ;

i 2 s

• {'*- g- .;';"^.j\ \% *

.. s. W y i 3v ~.e o f y ] ,v." e ,. .,

. ' h;

• - ,' A -MJ.g ,]f , y ,

g vg( "

". ,f.,

j '* ** [ ,h' ,. .

7teg C,,' hed

}%f w . 3 x,d[~N'f% 7

w. m .., g ., p s ~,{

i,

..w Or -i

• n, - t, a;  % s;

.i .. ,; / f M

• ,, "b -~

. . . .  % ,.* . 6Y D C ' h D' '

.'i 4 *- '-

i

s. ,

s,_

re.ver.rs,, ",~Vy' 7 e;.)'

Y s ,

-l' .

dcussz

's .1 nf, f  %

,1,e , ~ , ,; 'a,

• • • ',,,.% & "d',_v. .,u.< ,w ~n ,

t .- <~,: , *-

s ,,,,

. % ._ e.aa n g,f. f*e e ei a .*

• t

$, -s '- ,l'ip r--

n.. - > MN'%ek%.a c@i.,, i l

_ *~*. ter y $

\ ps, ~ y ,..e 'kr,_si f - ;. ; ,;9 '~;;,

5. - , w;- s,,

, NTrsq ,; < .

s i

. 4 t-g .,

< r .-

,.4 r, ,

^

a v.. . .r,. /

(;Y, . ' 3,* i . .Qs.;(,

s j >f

? ,4 Q ._ya . ,: ,,..d.- r-,Z,,, os N. f^,.[%

a * ';

j ,. _ .,

"'r",,,, . , .-.o ,, ,

. = - - i =,,, ,

. .wr,-

. ..., ~~, 'a

, . na . . , . .

.--s.-- .,, . . . , . . . -. .a *=~*~===

., w N.

4 . . .

, /,/,

=,..f.,- .. . -a.i i .-. :, .7,,

,, -- :;;' a . . .. - . ,- - .,1; . ... ,e. ,

.. . c.,

. ~ . . . , . ..:. .

,,,,,,,,=~..,=..,,.y:=a,,1.,,,,,,, 1-,,,,,,,

3.*- .=a-. .

.; . 3 . . , f,,,,. =;. .

"- .*. -. . O. .:' -': 1. ..r,,,.._... . . _ , , , , - .,L" . . . .ma,.y u.4

,, o.m. ;f r. -. ,.',,0., ,"-" 3./. .. ::;NT:T.' .4J.J"m..

4 . . .

Who e.ee. ees .