ML20147D461
| ML20147D461 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Summer  |
| Issue date: | 10/03/1978 |
| From: | Kanciruk P, Witten A OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 7810140076 | |
| Download: ML20147D461 (26) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS UNITE STA d bibk k POOR QUAllTY PAGES N JCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 10/3/78 .y y BEFORE THE ATOMIC SAFTEY AtlD LICENSING BOARD f In the matter of
)
.ho f(3' @g7 N J SOUTH CAROLINA ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY DocketNo.50h % 7 (Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Station ) /)** d N cr AFFIDAVIT OF PAUL KANCIRUK Paul Kanciruk deposes and says under oath as follows:
- 1. I am employed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division as a Research Associate II.' My responsibilities include the review of environmental reports, writing of the aquatic portions of environmental statements, .and providing expert testimony.
I have participated in the review of the V. C. Summer operating licensing environmental report.
- 2. My qualifications are summarized in the attached resume.
- 3. I prepared the attached testimony on Contention A6 in coll.aboration with A. Witten on the oxygen and thermal models.
I hereby certify that the information given is true and accurate to the best of ntv knowledge. y f.7 f
/ i' / ...._
Subscribed and sworn to before nie this 2gi day of yTp ,1978. (( Norany? (f$c/!& lic .
~
coninunu una g23,sa My commission expires _
) . STAFF TESTIMONY ON CONTENTION A6 Contention A6 in this proceeding states:
"The State of South Carolina has duly issued a certificate for Summer pursuant to Section 401 of the FWPCA, and has duly issued an NPDES permit under Section 402 of the FWPCA. The thermal effluents and the cooling system intake velocities presumably will comply with South Carolina's FWPCA standards. Even so, the thermal discharge from the Summer plant will result in a depletion of oxygen and a corresponding degradation of water quality downstream from the Monticello Reservoir. The thermal effluents will also adversely affect plankton and the spawning of landlocked striped bass in the Congaree River downstream from the Summer plant. Intake velocities in the cooling system will exceed 0.5 fps thus causing excessive mortalities of indigenous aquatic life. These impacts have not been adequately considered in the over-all cost-benefit analysis required by NEPA."
The principal concerns expressed in this contention are as follows: I. The thermal discharge from the nuclear plant will result in a depletion of oxygen and a corresponding degradation of water quality downstream from the Monticello Reservoir. II. The thermal effluents will adversely affect plankton and tne spawning of striped bass in the Congaree River downstream from the nuclear plant. III. Intake velocities in the cooling system will exceed 0.5 fps causing excessive mortalities of indigenous aquatic life.
I. Oxygen Depletion A. Background
- 1. The passage of water through the cooling condensers of the V.C. Summer nuclear plant will raise the cooling water temperature within the plant itself by 25 F (13.9 C).
- 2. The maximum solubility of oxygen in the water is reduced as the temperature of water is raised (Table I, Appendix D).
- 3. The discharged cooling water from the Summer plant can pass through the Fairfield pumped storage facility during the generation phase and thereby enter the Broad River system.
- 4. Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) spawn in the Congaree River (which is a continuation of the Broad River), the upper limit of the spawning area is approximately 35 miles downstream from the Summer plant. See discussion of striped bass spawning in paragraphs 17-19 below.
- 5. In the performance of the review of the effects of oxygen depletion of the thermal discharge from the Summer plant, the staff I has considered two approaches of analysis with varying degrees of j conservatism. Appropriate conclusions were drawn from these analyses.
- 6. The first method of analysis utilized a conservative approach assuming incoming water to lose the maximum percent of oxygen (40%) through the cooling system; all cooling water utilized by the nuclear plant in one day being discharged during the 7-1/2 hour Fairfield facility generating cycle; no re-aeration of the thermal discharge occurs and that the dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentration will be zero below the 20 foot level in the lake. Further details of the assumptions are provided in Appendix A.
- 7. The second method of analysis utilized a less conservative approach which may more reasonably and realistically approximate actual conditions. This analysis assumed: water at the cooling intake at less than maximum dissolved oxygen concentration; partial super saturation of the oxygen in the cooling water with rapid heating; and the presence of re-aeration in Monticello, through the Fairfield Pumped Storage Facility and in regional water bodies.
Further details of these assumptions are provided in Appendix B.
- 8. Staff Analysis and Conclusions (a) More Conservative Approach
- 8. The volume of cooling water passing through the nuclear 'l .
plant on a daily basis can be calculated as: 9~ 0 1200 cfs x 60 sec x 60 min x 24 hrs = 1.04 x 10 cu ft The volume of water pumped to the Broad River by the Fairfield - i station during its 7.5 hour generating cycle may be approximated as: 9 48000 cfs x 60 wec x 60 min x 7.5 hrs = 1.30 x 10 cu ft
- 9. Basedontheabove,thevglumeofwagerwithreduced oxygen content represents 1.04 x 10 /1.30 x 10 or 8.0% of the total water mass pumped to Parr Reservoir during a generating cycle. This represents proportionally 4.8 ft of the 60 ft deep intake channel to Fairfield, or E,% of the 20 ft oxygenated upper water layer (see paragraph 6 above). The reduction of oxygen u-content in the water going through the Fairfield facility as a result of mixing with the discharge water from Summer would be 40% of 24% or 9.6%. The Fairfield discharge is further diluted with flow from the Broad River upstream, tributaries downstream, and with water from the Saluda River which is approximately 30%
the flow of the Broad.
- 10. A computer model which predicts the incremental reduction in dissolved oxygen concentration in Parr Reservoir and the Congaree River due to Summer Nuclear Plant operation under varying conditions has been developed by the staff and is attached hereto as Appendix C. The model demonstrates that dilution effects alone will reduce the incremental reduction of oxygen concentration to approximately 5.4% in Parr Reservoir and 2.4% in the Congaree Riverynderadversecaseassumptions(includinglowBroadRiver flow). Reaeration of this water mass as it flows through the Fairfield facility and down the Broad may reduce or cancel these small reductions in D.O.
l The 3080 cfs flow is based on the one-day low flow at station 02161500 (Richtex, S.C.) for the months of April and May for the years 1974-1977. t
- 11. Given the relatively high concentrations and wide fluctuations of dissolved oxygen which are typical of the Broad River during striped bass spcwning, these small reductions in oxygen concentration will not have measurable adverse effects on the reproduction of striped bass or plankton in the Congaree.
- 12. These percentage reductions are well within the average daily, monthly, and year-to year percentage fluctuations of dissolved oxygen in the waters of the Congaree and Broad Rivers during the spawning season and throughout the year (Appendix D, Table II).
(b) Less Conservative Approach
- 13. The assumptions set forth in Appendix B for the less conservative approach provide a more reasonable and realistic estimation of dissolved oxygen deficiences which may practically result from thermal discharges from the Summer plant. As noted previously, the most conservative analysis provides an extreme determination of possible dissolved oxygen deficiencies. When the basic assumptions (see Appendix B) concerning the more conserva-tive model were developed more realistically by the staff, the potential incremental effects on dissolved oxygen were qualitatively projected as being further reduced from that of the more conserva-tive model.
- 14. The impact of the nuclear plant on the oxygen levels in the Broad and Congaree Rivers under these more realistic conditions of mixing and re-aeration was qualitatively predicted to be negligible or more likely to be non-existent.
II. Thermal Effluents A. Background
- 15. Spawning of striped bass in the Congaree River takes place primarily in April and May of each year. Striped bass appear to be attracted to strong rivar flows during the breeding period and migrate up from the Santee-Cooper Reservoir system into the Congaree River. Approximately one-third of all spawning
~
occurs below river mile 27 (Atlantic Coast Line Railway Bridge over Lake Marion = river mile 0); one-third between river mile 27 and river mile 42; and the remaining one-third are spawned above mile 42.
- 16. The mean spawning area is reported to be river mile 37, the total range believed to be between river mile 5 ar;d river mile
- 53. The closest known spawning to the Summer plant is located about 35 miles distant from the nuclear plant (Columbia is above this point at about river mile 62).
- 17. The timing of spawning in the spring is known to be closely correlated with water temperature. Spawning commences at a water temperature of about 60 F (15.5 C), and continues with ambient water temperatures reaching about 74 F (23.1 C), with some spawning taking place at temperatures up to 78 F (25.4 C). Daily water temperature fluctuations during this primary reproductive period (April through May) often average between approximately 2.8 F (1.6 C) to 4.3 F (2.4 C) and 5.4 F (3 C) daily fluctuations are not uncommon.
Fertilized eggs drift downstream from the point of fertilization for 38 to 75 hours. (The actual development time before hatching is dependent on temperature). (see Reference 2).
- 18. The State of South Carolina has issued an NPDES permit to the applicant (SC003856, June 21, 1976) which limits the thermal discharge from Monticello Reservoir (through the Fairfield Pumped-storage facility) to an average of 3 F (1.65 C) AT (above ambient) as measured at the Fairfield intake in Monticello at a depth of 1 foot (0.3 m), and a maximum discharge temperature of 90 F (32.2 C).
B. Basis of Assumptions
- 19. As in its analysis of dissolved oxygen, the staff in its assessment of the effects of thermal discharge on striped bass spawning habitat considered two approaches of varying degrees of conservatism. Both approaches incorporate compliance wit!' discharge requirements as defined and allowed in the NPDES Permit.
- 20. The more conservative (adverse) approach assumes: water intake and discharge from the Feirfield unit at 50% above and below the AT measuring depth (1 ft) (see Appendix E), at the limits of the NPDES permit, with no allowance for cooler waters.
- 21. The second method of analysis utilized a less but still conservative method of approach which may more reasonably and realistically approximate actual conditions. This analysis assumed:
water intake and discharge from the Fairfield unit at the conditions of the NPDES Permit; consideration of a temperature decline with depth at the Fairfield intake structure in the Monticello Reservoir, and a measured thermal discharge temperature of 3 F (1.65 C).
C. Staff Analysis and Conclusions (a) More Conservatine Approach
- 22. A computer model simulating the thermal characteristics of this discharge from the Summer plant under the above assumptions has been developed to predict the incremental aT (above ambient) in the Congaree River due to the Summer plant operation. It predicts the AT in the.Congaree given varying discharge AT's, Broad River flow rates, generating and pumping rates through the Fairfield pumped-storage station, dilution of the Broad River with water from the Saluda and other tributaries (about a 30% dilution), and natural cooling before it becomes the Congaree River (see Appendix C).
- 23. TABLE IV in Appendix D summarizes the results of the temperature simulation under varying conditions.
- 24. The model predicts an average maximum incremental AT (averaged over a day) of 0.63 C (1.1 F) in the Congaree River, for an intermittently high, release, i.e., a discharge AT 50% greater than the NPDES allows. The applicant will continuously monitor the discharge temperature. This high release could not long be maintained, and it would have to be balanced by proportionally lower releases, or it would raise the monthly average discharge AT above the NPDES limit. In addition, such high AT releases would probably be accompanied by the presence of a thermocline in Munticello, which would reduce the average AT released to the Broad River (see below). Analysis for a steady state (average) condition of a 3 F (1.65 C) AT indicates a AT for the Congaree of 0.42 C (0.76 F).
l
- 25. The AT's are within daily and monthly temperature fluctuations for this river system during the spawning season. Natural daily temperature fluctuations at this time can average 1.5-E.5 C (2.7-4.5 F),
with monthly ranges of 10 C (18 F) (Table V, Appendix D).
- 26. Since the majority of the observed spawning in the Congaree occurs before approximately the second week in May (below temperatures of about 70 F (21.1 C), that the closest spawning area to the Summer plant is at river mile 53 (~35 miles downstream from the plant),
that two-thirds of all spawning takes place below river mile 42 (about 46 miles from the plant), that eggs rapidly drift downstream from the original spawning area, and that the above model conditions are conservative (see below), the staff predicts that this adverse case AT due to Summer operation will not have a significant effect on striped bass spawning in the Congaree.
t
- 27. This small AT should also have no adverse effect on plankton populations in downstream areas.
- 28. The above adverse case analysis is conservative and it perhaps unrealistically models the problem at hand. It assumes that a thermocline will not exist in Monticello.
(b) Less Conservative Approach
- 29. For this analysis a measured thermal discharge temperature of 3 F (1.65 C) was used in the model. However, it is certain that a thermocline will develop to some extent in Monticello reservoir, and therefore the deep Fairfield intake structure (60-65 ft deep
[~20m]) will intake water from both the warmer upper and cooler lower layers. Preliminary thermal mapping of the Monticello Reservoir has indicated a decline in temperature from the surface to the bottom (about 20m) of approximately 20 F (~11 C) in June.
- 30. Assuming a thermocline depth of 20 ft (~6.5 m), above which the intake water is at the NPDES maximum of 3 F (1.65 C) AT above ambient, and below which the temperature is only 2.25 F (1.25 C) cooler, the average AT of the water entering the Parr Reservoir would then be 1.5 F (0.83 C). The model predicts an average AT for this case of 0.21 C (0.38 F) in the Congaree River.
- 31. Under these rea:onable, yet conservative conditions, the predicted AT for the Congaree River is quite negligible. In fact, under the assumption of a thermocline at 20 ft with the water below an average of 4.5 F less than the monitored surface water (at an NPDES limit of 3 F aT at the one foot monitoring depth) the mixed, discharged water from Fairfield to Parr and to the Congaree would be at ambient temperature, and would not thermally influence any down-stream areas. Such a thermocline is quite possible given the morphology of Monticello and the intake design at Fairfield. There is a reason-able probability that there will be no thermal impacts of Summer l operation whatsoever on waters downstream.
- 32. The predicted aT for the Congaree River due to Summer operation (0.21 F [0.38 C] most reasonable case) is not estimated to be of b40 logical consequence to plankton or to the spawning of striped bass. Based on present knowledge, only a small percentage of striped bass spawn in the upper Congaree where these predicted AT's may be exhibited. Available information indicates that striped bass spawn below river mile 53, approximately 35 mi from the nuclear plant (see reference 2), and the eggs, drifting quickly with the spring currents, are soon swept downstream from
this area. The fry themselves probably will never experience any AT due to Summer operation.
- 33. In summary, given the magnitude of the predicted AT's (or even the lack of any AT above stream ambient due to thermocline effects); the distance of the spawning population from the Fairfield discharge (~35 miles), the limited exposure time for the eggs, and the fact that the majority of spawning takes place prior to mid-May at temperatures below 70 F (21.1 C), it is the staff's position that there should be no significant impact on striped bass spawning due to Summer station operation.
III. Intake Velocities
- 34. The assertion that the water intake velocities at the Summer plant will exceed 0.5 fps and therefore be the cause of excessive mortalities is unsubstantiated. The approach velocities to the intake screening at Summer under various conditions are presented in Table VI, Appendix D.
- 35. The intake velocity measured between the trash rack and traveling screens, under normal conditions, will be an average of 0.51 fps (low water in Monticello due to Fairfield generating) and 0.44 fps (high water in Monticello), or 0.48 fps. Under the unusual condition of emergency drawdown (elevation of Monticello at 418 ft), the intake velocity will be only slightly increased at 0.55 fps.
- 36. Table VII in Appendix D lists operating power plant facilities in the southeastern U.S. and their intake velocities.
In comparison, the Summer intake velocities are not uncharacteristic l or excessive.
- 37. Low velocities are not in and of themselves a guarantee of low fish impingement during operation at high velocities are not a guarantee of the reverse. Many other factors such as intake placement, basin morphology, species composition, population structure, behavioral considerations, interactions between discharge and intake areas, season, etc., will also influence impingement losses. Monticello Reservoir is a newly formed structure. Its species composition and population structure has yet to be defined or developed, and an accurate prediction of future impinge-ment losses is difficult.
- 38. The designed intake approach velocities for the Summer station are not excessive, are generally within recommended
.g.
guidelines for approach velocities and are not uncharacteristic of approach intake velocities at other similar generating facilities. (See Table VII, Appendix D). See References 5 and 6.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION BEFORE THE ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD .
O In the matter of ) . SOUTH CAROLINA ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY Docket No. 50-395 (Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Station) *- . AFFIDAVIT OF ALAN J. WITTEN Alan Witten deposes and says under oath as follows:
- 1. I am employed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Energy Division, as a member of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Group. My responsibilities include the review of environmental reports, the hydrothermal effects -
sections of environmental statements, and providing expert testimony as to the thermal effects of proposed operations. I have participated in the review of the V. C. Summer operating license environmental report. i
- 2. My professional qualifications are summarized in the attached resume.
- 3. I collaborated with Paul Kanciruk on the thermal and dissolved oxygen -
predictions given in the attached testimony. ' I hereby certify that the information given. is true and accurate f l to the best of my knowledge. R&ma.abi6'm
- . Alan Jbi tten, Ph.D. '
Subscribed and sworn to before me this J j _ day of _S t L A , 1978. [h R 4** " _... NOTARY PUBLIC//// M/ Commist ion c>pires 1/23l82 My Coninission Expires: .
FEFERENCES
- 1. LOAR, J. , GRIFFITH, il. AND K. DEVA KUMAN, An analysis of factors influencing the impingement of threadfin shad at power plants in the southeastern United States, in: Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement (L. Jensen, ed., 1978).
- 2. MAY, O. AND FULLER, J, A study on striped bass egg production in the Congaree and Wateree Rivers,16th Ann. Conf. S.E. Assoc. Games and Fish Committee (1962).
- 3. REID, G., Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries (Van Nostrand Reinhold, ed.,1961).
- 4. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Reports SC-74-ll, SC-75-1, SC-76-1, SC-77-1; U. S. Dept. of Interior.
- 5. Boreman, J., . Impacts of Power Plant Intake Velocities on Fish, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Publication No. FWS-OBS-76-20.1.(March,1977).
l
- 6. Reviewing Environmental Imoact Statements - Power Plant Cooling Systems, Engineering Aspects, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-660-2-73-016 (1973).
A-1 APPENDIX A ASSUf1PTIONS UTILIZED IN MORE CONSERVATIVE STAFF ANALYSIS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN EFFECTS DUE TO THERMAL DISCHARGE
- 1. The water entering the nuclear plant is saturated with oxygen at the ambient temperature (and therefore will lose the maximum amount of oxygen when heated). This conservative assumption ignores re-aeration effects.
- 2. The passage of cooling water through the plant will cause a temperature rise of 25 F (13.9 C), attributable to the piant's cooling system and the cooling water will loose 40% of its dissolved oxygen.
- 3. This water mass with 40% reduced oxygen content moves without mixing to the Fairfield pumped-storage intake-and there mixes with the Fairfield discharge water entering Parr Reservoir (maximizing impact of the Summer discharge on Parr).
- 4. The total volume of cooling water used by the nuclear plant (on a daily basis) is discharged through the Fairfield.pu.mped-storage facility
~
during its 7.5 hr. generating cycle (concentrating the Summer discharge as a proportion of the Fairfield discharge into Parr and therefore maxi- , mizing the possile impact on Parr Reservoir.and downstream waters). -
!l i,
A-2
- 5. There is no re-aeration of this water mass from. Summer as it travels through Monticello Reservoir, the Fairfield pumped-storage tailrace, Parr Reservoir, or down the Broad River to the spawning area in the Congaree River (about 35 miles distant).
- 6. This oxygen model must predict the incremental percentage reduction in oxygen concentration due to Summer operation. It is therefore influenced by the dissolved :,xygen concentrations of the incoming, diluting waters (Broad, Saluda, etc.) which determine the final D.0. concentration down-stream. Given the morphology of Monticello, the assumption that the diluting waters will have approximately the same D.0. as the surface of Monticello seems warranted. However, even wide deviations from this assumption are.
reficcted as only small changes in the estimated D.O. conce,ntration downstream.
- 7. A thermocline will be modeled to exist at 20 ft, below this level the D.0. concentration will be zero. The Summer discharge will be considered to affect the D.O. level of this upper layer (thereby.further maximizing the impact on the D.0. level of the water entering Parr).
9 e
-e 9
l - t B ' u, . ' APPENDIX B ASSUMPTIONS UTILIZED IN LESS/ CONSERVATIVE STAFF-ANALYSIS OF DIS $0LVED OXYGEN EFFECTS DUE'TO THERMAL DISCHARGE-o 4
- 1. Water entering the cooling intake at1 Summer will probably not be at maximum dissolved oxygen concentration (saturation) and therefore will lose less dissolved oxygen through heating than the 40% estinated under '
the more conservative approach. I
- 2. 'R'apid heating of wat'er often leads to supersaturation of. dissolved gasses:ct the elevated temperature. Instead of completely: driving off the excess oxygen, the water maintains some of the excess in solution, and upon cooling, contains more oxygen:than the more conservative analysis predicts. ~
- 3. The discharge canal in Monticello Reservoir will not allow thermal effluent from the nuclear plant to travel rapidly or directly to the Fairfield intake; the effluent will be discharged at the surface, and will take from hours to days to reach the Fairfield intake. Therefore, mixing and some re-aeration may occur. ,
- 4. The passage of the discharge water through the Fairfield pumped-storage facility and tailrace, through the old Parr Hydroelectric facility, and-35 miles down the shallow Broad and Congaree Rivers will most probably.
foster additional re-aeration before the water reaches the striped bass. , spawning areas. r
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. C-1 i r~-. <..u....,_.,--.- . . - - - - . - - - . . . . . . . . ..
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APPENDIX C
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1 t . V.C. SUMMER THER$L I40, DEL - ( V Dt3174 00 07707- - -~ -- -- TEMP =
. O pa .. -+ :-- '
-,g. :--.-~;r n --- - - . .. .
-e.. -- . . . . _ .-_
( TIME =0. - - - T/ ' FLOHDN=480DO./. , ' ' N ,' - ( FLOUUP==40000.2 . 9?!!b ..
. . . .. . S L A C K = 3 7 5- --- ' '- -- ' ;-'-" ' '* -'- " -" -
" - " - - - - - -- ~- - - -
OD=7 5 , [s D tM 9..
- DT= -
' * -tf RI TE f 15s 11M VOLs BFs FLOND N sFL OMUF sDD,D'U sSL ACKs DT -
u 111 FORMATI /// s 1SX e'V.C. 4 5UMMER THERMAt. MODEL's/// k .+,10Xs* INITIAL CONDITIONS:*s//s
~.. +12%,' P A HR' L ON VOLUME =s
- s E12.5 3 2Xs 'CU. FT."s/s
+12X s ' B R O A D- >T'. FLOW ="*sF7.Os2Xs'CO. FT./SEC.'s/s
(, +12Xs'GEhERATING FLOW = 'sF9 132Xs'CU. FT./ S EC. 's /s
+12Xs' PUMPING FLOWS ',F9 132Xs'CU. FT./SEC . 's / s -
+12Xs*GINERATING DURATION =
- sF 4 1 2X s ' HOURS 's/s
+12Xs' PUMPING DURATIONn *,F4.192Xs' HOURS's/s - - - -
+12X s ' SL ACK DURATION = *sF5 2s2Xs' HOURS's/s
( +12X s ' DE LT A T FROM MONTICELLO= ' s F5 23 2X s ' D E G. C.
- 3 ///// )
100 AN=DDm60 *
.* - ~ ~ * -
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- HOUR 's 6X s 'PARR VOL.*s9X
- PAR 4 T EMP.' 3 9X s *CONGAREE
+ TEND.'s/)
( IFtTIFF.EO. 301309,400 - 309 HOUR =H3UR+.5 WRITEf15 444)HOURsVOLsTEMPsTMP TIME =0. 444 F OR M A T ( 3 X ,F 5. 2,4 X , E 12. 5 s 11 X , F 4. 2,15 X, F A .2 ) 400 CONTINuc WRITEI 14,5551 555 FORMATt/s6x,'5 TART SLt.CK CYCLE:',/) HRI TC ( 15,333 i BN=5 LACK 450 ,, , _ . - . _ .. -_ ,. , ._,.m_.. __m-
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. .ZVOLsVOL+9F*60 . . .
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- TMPwTEMP+.71
---- W i
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- IF(7INE.EO 15.I450s500- -
450 HOURnHOUR+.25 '- * -~ 1 TIME =0. '
- ---{
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- IF(HOLO.EO.29460s500 4 6 0- H 01. Ow 0. ' '- ' ' -
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500 ; CON WRI TE t 15 s. 444 ) HOUR e VOL s TEMPS TMP TINUE
- f.
- I F( HOUR. GE. 721999s 6 00 - -.s.
-600 999 SIF(FLAG.EO.17200s100.-
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TOP ..
- s. . ., END ..
- r. ; .
V.C. GUl&tER OXYGEN MOIEL . ( [.... VOLu174000000.. . . .
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0Fa .
. , p. ' v * .
.~ A
. TINEn0. C c... -
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, FLOWDN=48000 I h- -
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FLOWUP=~40000. -- " -- ' SLACK =3.75 - 00=7 5. ' o DUm9. ,,
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11 HRI FORTE MA( 10 T t 11
// / )VOL 315 XssBFs ' V.C. FLOWDNs FLOWUPs00 0U sSLACK eDTSDXY SUNMER OXYGEN N0 DEL's///
.i
'- +s 10 X s 'INITI AL CONDITIONS 3's//s
- +12% s ' P A RR L ON- V OLUt1E= '
- s E 12 5 s 2 X, 'CU. F T. ' , / s '
+12Xs' BROAD R. FLOWS ',F7 0s2Xs'CU. FT./SEC.'3/,
+12X3 8PUMPING
+12Xs* GF.NE R ATFLOH= ING FLOW *sF9.132X,'CU. = 'sF9 1s2Xs'CU. FT./SEC.'s/s FT./SEC.'s/s .:
.. +12X e ' GE NE R A7 ING D UR AT IO N= - 'sF+.1 r2X* *HOU9 5 ' s / s --
+12Xs* PUMPING DURATIONu
- F4.l s 2X s ' HOURS ' s/ s
+12X e
- SL ACK DURATION = *sFS.2s2Xs' HOURS's/>
;~ +12Xs' RELATIVE 02 CONC. FROM MONTICEL.LO= ", *
+FS. 2s 2X s ' UNI TS
- s /// // )" -,
100 AN=00u60 t F LO W FLOWDN ' HRITE(10s1111 ~ <.;- 111" FORMAT (/s3Xe* START OF GENERATING CYCLE:'s/) FLA G= 1 .i ..* _W - GOTO 300 1;{
$.' -;7 200 AN=DU460 , -
- i.: P t
FLOW =FLOWUF -- - - - - - ' - " - - * *- - - - - FLAG =0 H RI TE (10,2221
- 222 FOR MA T( / s 3X s ' ST ART. OF PUMPING CYCLE:'s/)
300 N R I TE ( 10 : 33 2-) - - DO 400 I=1 AN - -! ZVOL=VOL+BFe60+FLOWe60 * } I F( FL A G. E O. 01303,302 302 OX Y GE N'( V OL*0X YGEN +FL OW9 60
- DI S0XY+SF*60 )/ZVOL -
G OT O 335 . . . 303 OXY GE N:I ( VOL + FL OH -6 0140 XY GEN + 6F.i S O l/ ZVOL 305 VOL=ZVOL-8Fu60 CON Ox Y= 0X YGEN -((OXYGEN-1)a.291
- T IM E iTI ME v1.
332 F + DR.M A T( 6X e ' T IFE 's 0 X s ' P A RR VOL.'s12Xs'PARP OX Y GE N. 's 12X e *CONG A REE OXYGEN.'s/1 , V
.,w ..
C-3
- o.
Il*( TI ME .E O.3 01309's 400 . . . . . 309 HOUR = HOUR +n5 HRI TE(10 s 333 IHOUR,VOL s OXY GEat C0h0XY T IM Ew 0. i 333 FOR M A f t 5X sFS.'2 s 6X s E12.5,14 X F 4 2318X s F4 2 ) 1 400 CON TINUE i HRI TE t 10 : 444) . 444 FOR M A T( / s 6X s ' 5T AR T SL ACK CYCL E: 's / I ' ~ HRITEf 10:3521 - - BNeSL ACK* 60 DO 500 Im1sDN 7 IM Em TI ME+1 - Z VO L= VOL + BFa60 ' ' OXYGEN =IVOLa0XYGEN+8Fn603/ZVOL C ON OX Y =0 XYG E N~( ( 0 X YGE N-i le . 291 ' V OL=2 VO L-BF
- 6 0" ~ ' ~ ~'~ '
IFtTIME.EO. 151450s500 - 450 HOURnHOUR+.25 TIME =0. H O L D = H O L D + I-- ' ' -~- '
'-- ~
IFfHOLD.EO.234603500 - 460 HOLD =0. .
~
HRI TE I 10 s 333 ) HOUR , VOL, OXYGENS CO NOXY' . 500 CONTINUE - " ~ ~ - IFt HOUR.GE.721999 600 --' 600 I Ff FL A G. E O.13 20 0 s 10 0 999 STOP- - END - -
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. APPENDIX D ,
TABLES I - VII *> o
;1 t
, t v- . .
- i. . TABLE I - . ,
a
- SOIndILIT'l OF OXYGEN IN WATER '
a;: . < VS. TD4PERATURE
.: ~ ,
.. .a,,
TH4PERATURE - OXYGEN SOLUBILITY
. . . ;t
_ s ..z t 0 0 14'.6 ng/l 0 C (32 F. .) - . . w. : 10 C (50 F) 11.3 mg/l s 9.2 mg/l O , 2d C . (680F) - ,N.
. ~
7.6 mg/l 0 0 - 30 C (86 F) ,
- ... .a -
- 9
..{
HorE: Above solubility values taken at 100% saturation.
~
)
SOURCE: Ried, 1961, p. 147. . . . ~ _ _, ,, -o e 849
~i
. . . . . - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . ~,. !
f
's
,l
.k, D-2
'i TABLE II .
. . . . 1 TYPICAL '
DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN THE BFEAD RIVER . e 4 I: a MONIH AVERAGE ,_ MAXIM W MINIM W
< w.
APRIL, 75 9.4 10.7 6.5 .
~ .. ..Y MAY, 75 8.1 9.1 , 6.6 -
1 - APRIL,.76 8.5 9.3 *
. 7. 4 MAY, 76 _ ,,
8.2 9.0 7.4 APRI'L, 77 8.9 7.6 11.0 MAY, 77 8.6 9.6 7.2
.. YEAR, 1975* 9.0 11.2 7.0 m
YEAR, 1976* , 9.1 12.4 7.1
.A
. . . . . . . ... a ..:.2.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN ,(D.O.) VALUES IN MG/L ' NI, .i;
- + ,, ( g ..
DATA EOR USGS STATION 02160991, JENKINSVILLE, S.C. , ; ~^- DAILY FLtETUATIONS TYPICALLY AVEFAGED .2 .3 MG/L ;.}c';
~.
.. .. C :,.,... , 4 .
- AVERAGE, MAXIMW, MINIMW FOR MONI'HLY AVEBAGES ...-.;
g; P 4
D-3 . TABLE III
~. . . . . .. .. .. %
BBOAD RIVERTIM ,, ,
-+
. M e
!ONI'B MEAN HIGH* IG* -
APRIL, 74 11,360 43,500 5,110 . MAY,.74 6,007 8,670 4,230 . [ .. .
.- APRIL, 75 8,042 18,600 5,410 ..
MAY, 75 11,330 33,900 5,350
.__ APRIL,.76. . 6,646 21,200 3,460 _.
_ MAY, 76 6,738 23,700 3,140 . APRIL, 77 13,150 68,300 - 4,500
. . MAY,.77 4,071 5,450 ,
3,080 MEANS 8,418 27,915 4,285 FIG IN CFS DATA FIOM USGS STATION 02161500 . , CONE DTY HIG AND LOW VALUES ~ ., s le ese s 'a=ce 84 . a . * * = ' **e **8'++ *
**""*I****FN4"*b*h8 ** ** **=***4* % .
\
e 0
<- c t n
, D-4 TABLE IV - - - CONGAREE RIVER ' INCREMENTAL DELTA T DUE TO V. C. SUMMER.. OPERATION .. . . DISCHARGE BROAD . CONGAREE - ~ :. DELTA T FLOW MEAN DELTA T- ' '
~c' .
C CFS C .. . ,
.2.48 3,080 ' ~ "- '
' ' 0.27 2.48 6,000 0.53 '
e:
. . . .. 2.48 8,000 .. 0.59 . _ . . _ . . . . . ;.
. .1 2.48. 14,000 0.63 ..
.. 2.48 20,000 -0.60 -
' ~
0.52 2.48 30,000 -
,- . .- .m -
1.65 3,080 0.18" - ' ~ i 1 1.65
~ '
. _ 6,000 0.36 . _. , .... _.
1.65 8,000 0.39 *
Nl
. 1.65 14,000. . 0.42 ' m- <
1.65 20,000. 0.-40 :
. ., 1.65 30,000 .0.:35 . ..; . .
_ c _ _.
. . . . , .0.83 ._. 3,080 0.09 ._ . .: .. . . .; 3. _. ; -
0.83 6,000 0.18 c
.- 0.83 8,000 0.20 . . . . .c - i 0.83 14,000 0.21
. . 0.83 20;000. 0.21 . . , f 0.83 30,000 0.18 .
ea 9 O g .ae. m.E g. g 5 g ) l ? ,
,l r
L [ x i [. o Ym, ni,,4s . :. L: . - : '. u. . - . . - - .
D-5 TABLE V BROAD RIVER TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS DURItG THE STRIPED BASS SPAhWING SEASON . UNDER NATURAL CCNDITIONS . ; MONrfi MEAN MAXIMUM MINUMUM APRIL, 7,5 17.0(62.6) 23.5(74.3) 13.0(S5.4) , , . . , MAY, 75 22.0(72.6)- 27.5(81.5) 17.5(63.5) APRIL, 76 19.0(66.2) 25.0(77.0) 15.0(59.0) MAY, 76 21.0(69.8) 23.5(74.3) 18.0(64.4) APRIL, 77 19.0(66.2) 23.0(73.4) 14.5(58.1) MAY, 77 23.0(73.4) 26.5(79.7) 17.5(63.5) - s
' ~
O TEMPERATURES ARE C(OF) 0
- DAILY FLUCIUATIONS AVEPAGE APPROXIMATELY 15-2.50C (2.7-4.5 F) e e
.e 5'
t D-6 9 TABLE VI . SUMMER VTATER INLEE APPROACH VEIOCITIES (FPS) ** EMEIGEtCY DRAWDOhH NORMAL IfW IORMAL 'HIGi - ~ EIrl. 418 ft ELEV. 420.5 f t EIEV. 425 ft nds OF U . :>u 0.46 0.40 ItTIAKE - '-- BE%iEEN 0.55 0.51 0.44 RACK AND - SCREEN - O e4 < = w
D-7 TABLE VII . ItEAKE VELOCITIES FOR OPERATING IUdER PLAIES IN THE SOUTHEASTERN . UNITED STATES - PIA 17F (STATE) MWe MAX. APPROACH
- IOdER VEIDCITY
~
Dan River (NC) ~ 284 14 (0.46) Cliffside (NC) ,770 24 (0.79) Hatch (GA) 786 26 (0.85) Pobinson (SC) 975 6, 64 (0.02, 2.10)a Ice (SC) 323 88 (2.39) Ghent (KY) 511 25 (0.82) Handley (TX) 523 31 (1.02) Greene Co. (AL) 568 33 (1.08) Riverbend (NC) 730 35 (1.15) 519 82.(2.69) 'N Buck (NC) l Allen (NC) 1,140 19 (0.62) Gaston (AL) 1,061 19 (0.62) Green River (K) 263 28 (0.92). Gorgas (AL) 1,546 31 (1.02) Car.c Run (KY) 1,017 46 (1.51) Oconee (SC) 2,658 51 (1.67) Wateree (SC) 772 15 (0.49) Marshall (NC) 2,025 21 (0.69) Browns Ferry (AL) 3,456 27 (O.89) Eagle Mountain (TX) 706 46 (1.51) Mill Creek (KY) 330 47 (1.54) Tradinghouse (TX) 1,380 56, 82 (1.84, 2.69)a Arkansas (ARK) 820 90 (2.95)b MEAN - 40(1.31) VEUJCITIES IN CM/SEC (FFS)
- - - . . _1. .
DATA FIOM LOAR AND KUMAR, (1978) if-
, -. . .a h^ ~
e 'INO UNITS b IIIIAKE CANAL VEIOCITY JY.
. . . _ . . . . . . t <.' ;
t E-1 APPENDIX E ASSUMPTIONS UTILIZED IN M0nm "^NSERVATIVE STAFF ANALYSIS OF THERMAL EFFLUENT EFFECTS ON STRIPED BASS SPAWNING
- 1. The model was developed for water entering the Fairfield intake structure at the average allowable NPDES limit 3 F (1.65 C) above ambient; 50% above the allowable limit (4.5 F; 2.48 C);1and also for a more reasonable (and defendable) case of water being discharged from Fairfield at 50% below the NPDES limit average.
- 2. The water entering the 60-65 ft (~20m) deep Fairfield pump storage intake canal is uniformly at these elevated temperatures (i.e., a thermo-cline, with cooler water underlying this heated strata, will not be con-sidered, except as it relates to the 50% below NPDES discha.rge limit condition ) .
- 3. There is no conductive or evaporative cooling of the thermal discharge from the Summer station in Parr Reservoir.
i i
. _ _ . - _ _- _- _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -}}