ML20137Y355
| ML20137Y355 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Vogtle  |
| Issue date: | 10/02/1985 |
| From: | Patel S GEORGIA POWER CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20137Y343 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8510070310 | |
| Download: ML20137Y355 (50) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:,_ __ l PLANT V0GTLE UNITS 1 & 2 CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR FUEL OIL STORAGE TANKS AND ASSOCIATED PIPES S. G. PATEL OCTOBER 2,1985 l l l l l 1 e i 9 h ,wi,
c. CONTENTS SECTION PAGE
- 1. Origin of Current Issue 1
- 2. Historical Background 1
- 3. Corrosion Concerns Regarding Fuel Oil Storage Tank and 1 Associated Piping
- 4. Existing Cathodic Protection Measures 2
- 5. Loss of Metal Approach 3
- 6. Scope of Testing 3
- 7. Methodology 3 A. Category-1 Backfill Resistivity Measurement B. Category-1 Backfill Chemical Analysis C. Galvanic Voltage and Current Measurements D. Current Density Vs. Exposed Bare Metal Area Test
- 8. Discussion of Test Results 5 A. Category-1 Backfill Resistivity Test B. Category-1 Backfill Chemical and Content Analysis C. Galvanic Voltage and Current Test Results D. Current Density Vs. Exposed Bare Metal Area Test Results
- 9. Computation of Metal Loss and Penetration 7 A. Mettl Loss B. Dept 1 of Penetration
- 10. Summary and Conclusion 10 Bibliography 11 I
el (i) L.
FIGURES PAGE
- 1. Galvanic Corrosion on Tank and Pipe 12
- 2. Tests Locations 13
- 3. Test Circuit - Galvanic Voltage and Current Measurement 14
- 4. Test Circuit - Current Density Vs. Exposed Bare Metal Area Test 15
- 5. Graph: Backfill Resistivity Data 16
- 6. Graphs: Galvanic Voltage and Current 17-22 A. For Plate 1 (Bare Plate)
B. For Plate 2 (Coated Plate) C. For Plate 3 (Bare Plate) D. For Plate 4 (Coated and Taped Plate) E. For Plate 5 (Bare Plate) F. For Plate 6 (Coated Plate)
- 7. Graph: Current Density Vs. Exposed Bare Metal Area 23 4
Test Results
- 8. Graphs: Adequacy of Excess Wall Thickness in Tanks and Piping Against Corrosion A. Depth of Penetration Due to Corrosion on the Surface 24 of Fuel 011 Storage Tonks B. Depth of Penetration Due to Corrosion on the Surface 25 of Associated Piping I
-6 (ii)
APPENDICES PAGE A. Category-1 Backfill Soil Content and Chemical Analysis
- 1. Category-1 Backfill Soil Content Analysis Al-1
- 2. Category-1 Backfill Soil Chemical Analysis A2-1 B. Coating Specifications i
- 1. Coating Specifications on Pipe B1 -1
. 2. Coating Specifications-on Tank. B2-1 C. Basis for Calculating Metal Loss (Faraday's Law) C-1 D. Photos
- 1. Photos-Galvanic Voltage and Current Test Dl-1
- 2. Photos-Current Density Vs. Exposed Bare Metal Area Test D2-1
- 3. Photos Category-1 Backfill Resistivity Test D3-1 E. Corrosiveness of Backfill Soil Based on Electrical Resistivity E-1 F. Increased Corrosion Vs. pH for Fe, Al, Zn and Cu Alloys F-1 I
(iii)
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T-w-'- g+r-u? - - -- m - e-w-- --e- w -*e --e- g +-m -r
CATHODIC PROTECTION
- 1. Origin of Current Issue Question 430.20 of the Vogtl. FSAR Questions requested justification for not providing cathodic protection for the fuel oil storage tanks and the underground portion of the fuel oil transfer system.
- 2. Historical Background During May and June of 1974, Georgia Power Company performed a series of galvanic voltage and current tests in the in-situ soils near the Vogtle cumbustion turbine area. Based on the results of these tests in accordance with the available technology at the time, it was concluded that the soil was basically non-corrosive in nature. These results were utilized as a basis for the initial Georgia Power Company position regarding FSAR Question 430.20. In responding to an NRC request for additional information, Georgia Power Company determined that supplemental test results would be required to support the project response.
- 3. Corrosion Concerns Regarding Fuel -0il Storage Tank and Associated Piping.
Two basic types of corrosion processes are of concern when bare carbon-steel fuel tank and associated pipes are buried underground in the vicinity of, and connected, to a copper ground grid in the backfill environment. These corrosion processes are: A. Corrosion from a chemically active spot on the tank or pipe (Anode) to the other chemically less active spots (Cathodes) on the same tank or pipe in the backfill (Electrolyte). B. Corrosion from chemically active carbon-steel tank / pipe ( Anode) to relatively inert copper ground grid (Cathode) in the backfill (Electrolyte) . The corrosion process listed in (A), also known as concentration cell or pitting corrosion, is due to several half cells formed around the tank and the pipe due to different chemical (PH, Oxygen etc.) and electrical (resistivity) characteristics of each local area in the backfill. These half cells are connected together by the metal of the tank and the pipe forming several full corrosion cells. Electric current flows from anodic areas to the cathodic areas through the backfill resulting in corrosion of anodic spots. This corrosion is independent of the copper ground grid and its connection with the tank and the pipe. The effective coating such as specified in Appendix -B1, -B2 along with the chemically inert backfill environment, essentially eliminates this type of corrosion. (1)
In bimetallic or galvanic corrosion listed in (B), the carbon-steel metal of the tank and the pipe corrodes to the less active copper ground gri d. This corrosion process requires a low resistance connection between the two metals which usually is the case for safety reason. A typical cross i section of the fuel oil storage tank and associated piping buried in category- backfill soil is shown in Figure-l. The tank and associated piping when connected to a copper ground grid system form a typical galvanic corrosion cell. Due to inherent voltage difference between these disimilar metals, the electric current flows from the tank and the pipe to the copper ground grid through the backfill and back to the tank through the low resistance connection. The flow of current liberates positive ions of iron (Fe++) at the tank and the pipe surfaces which react chemically with the l negative ions of the backfill resulting in the metal loss of the tank and : the pipe. This chemical reaction is called the oxidation reaction. I Conversely at the copper surface the reduction type of chemical reaction takes place in which positive hydrogen ions (H+) in the backfill reduce to hydrogen gas (H2) and the dissolved oxygen gas (02) and the moisture (H20) reduce to negative ions of hydroxyl (40H-). The copper is typically protected from corrosion in this system with the electric current flowing in the direction shown in Figure-l. If the direction of the current flow shown in Figure-1 reverses, the carbon-steel tank and the pipe is then protected from corrosion. The galvanic corrosion is primarily dependent on the magnitude of galvanic current which in turn is dependent on the open circuit voltage between the metals and chemical ar.d electrical characteristics of the backfill environment.
- 4. Existing Cathodic Protection Measures Following are existing cathodic protection measures for fuel oil storage tanks and the fuel transfer pipes at Plant Vogtle:
A. The power block area including fuel oil storage tanks and associated piping is filled with very sandy and high resistivity Category-1 backfill up to 90 feet depth. (See Appendix-Al. for content analysis of the backfill.) B. The fuel oil storage tanks are coated with "Tnemec" Coal Tar Epoxy to a dry film thickness of 22 mils. (See Appendix-B2 for the specifications. ) C. Fuel oil transfer pipes are coated and taped as described in Appendix-Bl. D. Additional wall thickness of 1/8" for the storage tanks and 1/16" for the piping are provided for corrosion allowance. The total wall thickness for the tanks is 5/8". The wall thicknesses for the 2", 3" and 4" diameter pipes are 0.216", 0.218" and 0.237", respectively. (2)
- 5. Loss of Metal Approach Amount of metal loss during anodic behavior is dependent on the type of material present and follows the Faraday's Law. This law states that the amount of material that leaves the anode and goes into the electrolyte (backfill) is proportional to the charge or quantity of electricity.
The mathematical expression of the law is given in Appendix-C. The corrosion rate for carbon-steel tanks and pipes based on Faraday's Law is calculated to be 9.13 Kg/ Ampere-Year or 20 lbs./ Ampere-Year. Using this corrosion rate, the metal loss from the surface of the tank and the pipe over forty year plant life was calculated. The maximum value of galvanic ! current from the field measurements was utilized for this computation. I The estimated metal loss was then compared with the excess metal allowed for corrosion.
- 6. Scope of Testing A testing program was developed to determine the galvanic voltage and current in the Category-1 backfill placed around fuel storage tank and the piping. Daily readings of voltage and current were obtained between 5/23/85 through 6/26/85. Additional readings were obtained at irregular intervals concluding the first week of August,1985.
Due to lack of quantitative data on the relationship between current density and the exposed area, it was decided to conduct a separate field test in the same Category-1 backfill. The results were expected to determine the trend of accelerated corrosion for small exposed metal areas on the tanks and the pipes. To further support the results, the electrical and chemical characteristics of Category-1 backfill soil were determined by utilizing both a field test and a laboratory test, respectively.
- 7. Methodology A. Category-1 Backfill Resistivity Measurement:
Electrical resistivity of backfill soil was measured using Wenner's 4-pin method. The pin spacing varied from 3 feet to 18 feet in steps of 3 feet to confine the test to the concern depth and also to avoid any interference from installed ground grid in the vicinity. Measurements were done on weekly basis from 5/23/85 through 6/28/85. The location of these measurements is shown in Figure-2. See Appendix-D3 for the photo of the actual . test.
"Vibroground" Model #263 was employed for this measurement.
B. Category- Backfill Content and Chemical Analysis: The analysis of particle and moisture contents-is periodically performed by GPC in the field as well as in the laboratory to verify the rigid requirements (Category-1 Backfill Specification X-2AP01, Section C2.2) to qualify this soil for use in the power block area. (3)
Chemical analysis was performed by Dunn Laboratory, Inc. of Atlanta, Georgia. The soil sample was obtained from 18 feet depth approximately 150 feet south of the Diesel Generator Building as shown in Figure-2. The sample was transported in air tight bags to minimize potential chemical reaction. C. Galvanic Voltage and Current Measurements: A group of six 12" x 12" x 1/8" carbon-:: teel plates were embedded at various locations and depths ranging from four to eight feet around the general location of the Unit #1 fuel oil storage tanks as shown in Figure-2. An insulated cable was attached to the center of one side of each plate. All six cable leads were connected to the ground grid jumper at the northeast corner of the Diesel Generator Building. To approximate actual conditions as closely as possible, two plates (plate #2 and #6) were coated to simulate the tank while one plate (plate #4) was coated and wrapped with tape to simulate the piping. The coatings were applied in accordance with original tank and piping coating requirements. Three uncoated plates (plate #1, #3, #5) were embedded to approximate an unprotected condition. Measurements of galvanic voltage and current were taken between each of the six cable leads and the copper ground grid jumper on a daily basis from 5/23/85 through 6/26/85. Ten additional measurements were made on an irregular basis from 6/28/85 through 8/7/85. Measurements were made utilizing Keithley Digital Multimeter Model #175. The current was measured across a 100-ohm resistor inserted in series with the galvanic circuit. This was done to avoid inserting a high meter impedance in series. The test circuit is shown in Figure-3. See Appendix-D1 for the photos of Galvanic Voltage and Current Test. D. Current Density Vs Exposed Bare Metal Area Test: A total of eignt 12" x 12" x 1/8" carbon-steel plates, spaced one foot apart, were buried at approximately a 3-1/2 feet depth on south side of the Service Building as shown in Figure-2. Each plate was coated with coal-tar epoxy and taped with three layers of insulating tape with the exception of a pre-determined area in the center intended to discharge the galvanic current into the backfill. The sizes of these areas varied from 1/8" d'ameter hole to 10-1/2" x 10-1/2" square area. Insulated cable leads from these plates were brought up and connected to the nearest ground grid jumper. The system was permitted to stabilize for a week before the measurements were taken. To measure the currents, the plates were connected in parallel and then connected to the ground grid by a single insulated cable as shown in Figure-4. This was done to simulate the actual condition on the tank and the pipe as closely as possible. Additionally, the circuit arrangement shown in Figure-4 made it possible to measure (4)
the individual plate current as well as the total current discharged by all the plates combined. The open circuit voltage of combined plate system was also measured. All currents were measured across a 10-ohm resistor. Initial attempts to measure the currents caused by natural corrosion voltage failed because of the low magnitude of current values, particularly those from the plates with smaller exposed areas. An external D.C. voltage of 0.5 volt was applied to provide an adequate magnitude of current flow from the plates to the copper ground grid in the backfill in order to facilitate the measurements. All the measurements were taken with the same meter as used for Galvanic Voltage and Current Test described in A. The photos of this test are presented in Appendix-D2.
- 8. Discussion of Test Results A. Category-1 Backfill Resistivity Test:
A total of six plots, each read weekly, of backfill resistivity Vs. depth are presented in Figure-5. The resistivities ranged from 281 ohm-meter at 18 feet depth (measured on 6/13/85) to 4018 ohm-meter at 3 feet depth (measured on 5/31/85). Also at each depth there are daily variations in the resistivity. At the depth of 18 feet the resistivity ranges f rom 281 ohm-meter to 1448 ohm-meter. A table showing the corrosiveness of the soil due to its electrical resistivity is presented in Appendix-E for comparison purpose. B. Category-1 Backfill Content and Chemical Analysis: Appendix-Al presents the content analysis of Category-1 backfill soil used in the power block area at Plant Vogtla. It can be seen that the backfill soil is highly sandy (92%) and as a result the average moisture content is only 12%. Chemical analysis on Category-1 backfill was performed by Dunn Laboratories, Inc. , Atlanta, Georgia. The test report is shown as Appendix-A2. For comparison, a graph of increased corrosion Vs. pH at 700 F of aerated water for several metals, including iron, is presented in Appendix-F. An industry standard to determine corrosiveness of an electrolyte environment based on Chlorides and Sulphates is unavailable but it is generally recognized that a value of 200 PPM or less of these chemicals in the electrolyte is indicative of a basically non-corrosive environment. C. Galvanic Voltage and Current Test Results: The galvanic voltages and currents for each plate over the i period of eleven weeks (5/23/85 through 8/7/85) are plotted in l (5)
Figures-6A through 6F. The measured galvanic voltage and current are of largsr magnitude than other periods of the year due-to above average rainfall over the Plant Vogtle area during this warm weather period. The measured voltage and current values at Plant Vogtle, overall, were less than the normal values generally measured for a corrosive system. The normal corrosive voltage value ranges from 0.4 to 0.6 volts. The current value of one milliampere or more is considered corrosive. As expected, bare plates discharged more current than the coated plates. Plate #4 (Figure-60) which was coated and taped discharged almost zero current despite the higher open circuit voltage, indicating the effectiveness of a combination of coating / taping process which has been employed for the fuel transfer pipes. The voltages on plate #4 and #5 (located on east side of the fuel oil storage tanks) were consistently negative resulting in corrosively protective current flowing from the copper ground grid to the plate in the backfill. .The east side of the fuel oil storage tank is, therefore, expected to be cathodically protected for most of the plant life. I Relatively larger values of voltage and current were recorded for plate #1 buried on west side of the-tank (Figure-SA). Note that this plate was buried at shallower depth than the other plates. The maximum current of 201 AA was read on this plate on 6/18/85 which has been used in computing the metal loss. D. Current Density Vs Exposed Bare Metal Area Test Results: In this test eight buried plates, each having exposed bare metal area of different size, were connected in parallel with each other.
- The common cable was connected to the copper ground grid jumper.
Individual plate current and the total current were measured. For each plate the current density was calculated by dividing the measured current by the exposed area on the plate. gThe current density corresponding to the exposed area of 144 in was selected as the base density. The current densities for other areas were then computed and plotted in percentage of the base density as shown in Figure-7. The information from the graph of Figure-7 regarding i the increase in the current density for smaller exposed areas is utilized to compute the metal loss in the next section. An extremely small current value was read for the p,1 ate having 1/8" diameter hole in the insulation (area =0.0122 in ). It is believed that, because of the small size of the hole, an air pocket may have existed between the backfill soil and the plate resulting in extremely small current. In reality.the same phenomenon will exist
. on the tank and the pipe as the size of the hole becomes smaller.
The slope of the curve shown in Figure-7, particularly for the areas smaller than 1 in' ,is steeper (more conservative) than what it will be if corrections for leakage current through the plate insulation and the effects of unintended exposed area discharging the current are taken into consideration. The sudden jump in current density from 4" x 4" area (16 int ) to 1" x 1" area (1 inl) is believed to be due to interplate current flow whichl could notE be l detected. The change in current density between 4 in and 1 in (6)
area is believ:d to be more gradual than shown in Figure-7. Overall the graph shown in Figure-7 represents more corrosion than the graph with the corrections applied.
- 9. Computation of Metal Loss and Depth of Penetration A. Metal Loss:
The worst corrosion duty was considered for computation of the metal loss as explained below:
- 1. The maximum current reading of 201 Ac A recorded on plate #1 (12" x 12". bare face' plate) was utilized for computation whereas the maximum current on the coated plate was much less. The current measured for the coated / taped plate was consistently zero.
- 2. A continuous current flow of 213 Ad for every square foot surface area of the tank and the pipe for forty years was assumed. .The average value of the corrosion current for plate #1 over the measurement period was much less.
- 3. Correction due to 100-ohm resistor inserted in measuring circuit is applied which increases the current value from 201 AzA to 213 ARA.
- 4. The current value of 213 skA was not reduced even though unintended exposed areas on plate #1 have contributed to this current.
e 4 (7)
Expression for the metal loss is shown below:
~
ML = Rx Ib x F% 'A x y - (1)
.'E E0 ML = Metal Loss for Area A in* , lbs.
R = Rate of Metal Loss (Faraday's Law)
= '20 lbs.//apere-Year from Section-5.
Ib = BaseCurrgntfromFieldMeasurements, amperes
= 213 x 10' amperes Ab = Base Area from Field Test, in#
= 144 in*
F = Factor to Account for Increase in Current Density when A6 Ab (Determine from Figure-7), % A = Area Considered for Metal Loss, in* Y = Number of Years (Plant Life)
= 40 Computation of metal loss using Expression-1 corresponding to two -
different size areas is illustrated below: Area = 144 in* (12" x 12"), Base Area ML = 20 x 213x10 X 100'144 x 40 144 TUU~
= 0.17 l'bs.
Area = 0.25 in* (1/2" x 1/2")
-c 508 213x10,X ML = 20 x O.25 x 40
,144 TUU.
= 20 x (7.5 x 10 ) 0.25 x 40
= 0.0015 lbs.
B. Depth of l'enetration: The depth of the penetration due to corrosion can be determined by comparing the metal loss with the available metal for the same area. The relationship can be mathematically expressed as: DP = ML / (Sw x A) - (2) where: DP = Depth of Penetration due to Corrosion for Area A in* , in (8)
ML o Metal Loss for Area A (From Expression-1, Section 9A), lbs. Sw = Density of Carbon-Steel Material, lbs/in3
=
0.2627 lbs/in3 A = Area, in* The depth of penetration due to corrosion is computed for the same two areas of Section-9A below: Area = 144 in* (12" x 12"), Base Area DP = 0.17/(0.2627 x 144) = 0.0045 in. Area = 0.25 in (1/2" x 1/2") DP = 0.0015/(0.2627 x 0.25) = 0.0228 in. To demonstrate the adequacy of the excess wall thicknesses on fuel oil storage tanks and associated piping, the depths of penetration due to corrosion for the range of exposed bare metal areas were computed utilizing Expressions-1 and-2 above and compared with the excess wall thicknesses. The plot shown in Figure-8A represents the measure of adequacy of the excess wall thickness of 1/8" provided for corrosion in the fuel oil storage tanks. The plot shown in Figure-8B represents the measure of adequacy of the excess wall thickness of 1/16" provided for corrosion in the piping. l l (9) i
- 10. Summary and
Conclusion:
The depths of penetration due to corrosion over the life of Plant Vogtle for wide range of exposed bare metal areas on the surface of carbon-steel fuel storage tanks and associated piping in Category-1 backfill have been conservatively determined by utilizing a series of test's. These depths of penetration were then compared with the excess wall thicknesses provided on storage tanks and piping for corrosion to evaluate the adequacy of the corrosion protection measure. The de (0.001 in* pth
) in of thepenetration for a coating of the hole pipe is of approximately determined to be 1/32" 0.03 in. diameter 3
This depth of penetration is 50% (Figure-8B) of the excess wall thickness of 1/16" provided on the pipes for protection against the corrosion. Due to larger wall thickness for the fuel storage tanks, more protection margin is available. For a hole of 1/32" diameter in the coating of the tank, the depth of penetration is 25% (Figure-10B) of excess wall thickness of 1/8" allowed for corrosion. It is apparent from above that a sufficient factor of safety has been provided to overcome anticipated corrosion resulting from galvanic current. Since the computation of metal loss is carried out based on the worst corrosion duty, the protection margins above are the minimum margins. In ' reality larger protection margins are anticipated at Plant Vogtle. Additionally, the parameters which, in general, indicate corrosive properties of the soil were also investigated. These parameters for Plant Vogtle Category-1 backfill soil are summarized below: Soil Major Content 92% Sand (by wt. ) Soil Resistivity Range 281 to 4016 ohm-meter Soil pH 8.4 Soil Sulfates 440.0 PPM Soil Chlorides 8.5 PPM
- All of the above parameters indicate a non-corrosive Category-1 backfill soil at Plant Vogtle.
1 (10)
l i BIBLIOGRAPHY
- 1. EPRI EL-2020, Project 1467-1, "HVDC Ground Electrode Design"
- 2. S. 2. Haddad, Sargent and Lundy, " Cathodic Protection Requirements in Power Plant," Presented at EEI Electrical System and Equipment Committee, Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 26, 1983.
- 3. D. W. Smyth and P. L. Waldon, GE, " Cathodic Protection of Direct Buried Transformers," IEEE Transactions On Power Appartus and Systems, Vol . PAS-91 No. 3, May/ June 1973, PP 1007-1014.
- 4. NACE Standard RP-01-69, " Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping System"
- 5. Henry Suss, New York University, " Technology for Corrosion Prevention" Seminar Handout, November 15-17, Atlanta, Ga.
(11)
~ ~
FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK
*- EL 218 PUMP HOUSE gggg'-0-1/4' g PLATE *2
=
- EL 211'-G' e+ , .
PLATE
- st h
I 40;f
+I COATING
% I
/ EL 202'-5-3/4'
' ' . ,\
'{ . .
COPPER ORoute [* =e 'N "*
- CROUT YOID BETWEEN TA*
'h , ,h \
GROUT FM .H SS
' .' ' '(h k &* TO 9' h0DMAT Y
%,N ' :, :
N/ ' ' ; < : , 3, , ' .'" /- WN&h [. CATAGORY-1 BACKFILL
- i. FIGURE-1 GALVANIC CORROSION IN TANK AND PIPE
DIESEL COL Ib BLD'C.
" GROUND (GALVANIC CURRENT TEST LOCATION)
SOIL SAWLES FOR fgf C 0
*3 '
18'-O' DEPTH 2'-3*m 3'-0'q 2 4,_& sw PLATE *1 ggg .,7 EL.215'-11' 12'-O' 1'-O', J J , _21'-7' , DIESEL FUEL OIL STGE. TANK PUMP HOUSE hh.3%f b J5'-9' , 29'-6', ^ lIATE'5
" EL.215'-6'
[ T ATE '4 EL.212'-2' 20'- 6*---* -*- E 101+84 hg
~ NOTES: 10 in *
- 1. PLATE 'i.*3, &'5 COATED DE h @ SERVICE DEMINERALIZER $ g E D'C.
- 2. PLATE '2 & *6 C0ATED EACH FACE. #
D'G.
- 3. PLATE '4 COATED AND TAPED. O h] h
- 4. ELEVATIONS ARE TO THE TOP OF PLATE. d
- 15'-0*-* *---
5.CRADE ELEVATION IS 219'-O'.
-* *--- 25'-0* l l
l FIGURE-2 TEST LOCATIONS
STATES NORMAL / TEST BLOCK SWITCH PL .1, PL. 5 . PLATE-1 n , ,y PLATE x
/ U ll V 11 O JPL.3
!3 PLA1E 0PL.2ll y
[ l l PL. 6 -O PLATE p Il 3;i d g
~
(N PLATE ii g PLATE v ll iI v g PL. 4 PL. M IJ L. 2 GROUND ( R R@ s (s
~
1 O se PL.5t -l gl j j l_I gu.r; IJPL.1 l NORMAL l E U ._ 1 0, C T {j COPPER GROUND 9 PL.6 2 U6 0 0 3 0 s 4 NOTES: SWITCH
- 1. NORMAL / TEST SWITCH SHOWN IN TEST POSITION
- 2. d (- WHEN PLATE SELECTOR SW. ON PLATE POSITION
- 3. M WHEN PLATE SELECTOR SW. ON NORMAL POSITION FIGURE-3 TEST CIRCUIT-GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENTS
'/2 VOLT D.C. SOURCE JUMPER C O O C O C^
O O 10-1/2' X 10-1/2' 10 PL. 8 O C^ O v v 5-3/4'X 5-3/4' PL,7 O O' ^ O O 4-3/32' X 4-3/32' PL. 6 O C*^ O O
~~~ : :
PL. 5 2'X 2' r 10^ v v PL. 4 l' X l' O C* ^ v v v PL. 3 19/32' X 19/32' O C* ^ h
%O ::::::
O PL.2 1/4'X 1/4' r O O^ O O g PL.1 . ev 1/8' DI A. HOLE O C ^h NOTES:
- 1. TO READ CURRENT, READ VOLTAGE ACROSS 10 OHM RESISTOR AND DIVIDE BY 10.
- 2. READINGS BELOW 10 MICR0 AMPS WERE READ WITH AMMETER ACROSS OPEN LINK ABOVE RESISTOR.
- 3. RESISTORS MEASURED BETWEEN 10.01 AND 10.05 OHMS.
FIGURE-4 TEST CIRCUIT - CURRENT DENSITY VS. BARE METAL AREA (15)
a BACKFILL RESISTIVITY DATA 5000- [WENNER'S FDUR PIN METHOD] 40007 [ g .* I
\
i 2 yI 3000-
-N s
.\ RESISilVITY RANGE = 281 TO 4018 OHM-WETM
,g 5
Z R.,'\x
. s
., 'Ns
,g t '..,
5 2000- ' 5
,3 N'xNsN Legend I h N' dsN A 5/2-V85
.# x
., s gf- ^- 7 -- - N x s/st/as .
' t~. / m/' ~
1000-
\ U WWS_S_ . . ; .. Z . h h ....._,_,' " "' ' % g ,
e s/is/as_,
~.
.,_,, E @ 9A S.,,
x s/2s/as a O i e i l 3 6 w i 12 s 15 18 i DEPTH IN FEET 1 FIGURE - 5 CATEGORY - 1 BACKFILL RESISTIVITY DATA
GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT FOR PLATE 1. [ BARE PLATE: 0.5 - -250 0.4 - -200 1
* ~
CURRENT _ _ so E [ bI h 3 g 0.2-x
-200 i
o
> g sr b W 2
i I 0.1 - -50 i 0.0- - M 0
-0.i , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . -=
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 F 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 MEASUREMENT NUMBER [5/2$5 - 8/7A5] FIGURE - 6A GALVArilC VOLTAGE AND CURREflT FOR PLATE-1
i l i GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT FOR PLATE 2. l [ COATED PLATE] o.4 - -too j l o.3 - youxcc !s 7 i. j O.2 - -50 1.
~
1' C co O.1 - -25 b - x 8 4 o e
^
O.0 r O E P 4
- 0.1 - I
--25
-0.2 - --50
-0.3 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -75 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 MEASUREMENT NUMBER [5/23/85 - 8/7/85]
FIGURE - 6B GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT FOR PLATE-2
~_.
GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT FOR PLATE 3.
~ BARE PLATE ~
0.5 - -125
. 0.4 - -100 0.5 - -75 c e 3 @ x 9 N VOM q 0.2 - t50 0.1 - -25 i i i i 4 4 6 e ir 4 di A A A A di A s A A li 4 e" MEASUREMENT NUMBER [5/23/85 - 8/7/B5]
FIGURE -'6C GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT FOR PLATE-3
4 l GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT FOR PLATE 4. [ COATED & TAPED PLATE: l o.1 u -1 4 l
- 0.1 -
-1 j 0.0 .
. .0 i
=
i 1 a CURRENT d
- 2 o -o.i- x
--i 2
-0.2 - <
--2 A#
! -0.3 -
--3 i
s I l l - 0.4 ' 1 $$7 e l1 1'3 t's /7 1's $1 2'3 $5 $7 de $1 I3 Is $7 It It 25 45
.-4
. MEASUREMENT NUMBER [5[23/115 - 8/7/115]
FIGURE -6D GALVANIC V0LTAGE AND CURRErlT FOR PLATE-4 i
1 GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT FOR PLATE 5. [ BARE PLATE 0.1 -
-50 0.0 0 l VOLTACE g
i I -o.i . __30 I i e R $ CURRDif X
. = g m a
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- 5
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- 0.4 i . . . . . , , . . . . . . . -200
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11 13 15 17 19 21 23 23 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 j MEASUREMENT NUMBER [5/23/85 - 8/7/B5] i FIGURE -6E GALVAtlIC VOLTAGE AND CURREllT FOR PLATE-5
GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT FOR PLATE 6. [ COATED PLATE] c.5 - g -90 i ' i WW
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= a o o o O e 4 M N M (25)
APPENDIX- Al BACKFILL SOIL CONTENTS t J 92% SAND (by wt.) 8% CLAY / SILT (by wt.) 110 lbs/cu.ft. DENSITY 12% MOISTURE CONTENT (Average) Al-1
APPENDIX-A2 CATEGORY-1 BACKFILL S0IL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DUNN LABORATORIES. INC. s7oo'I. j CHEMISTS AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERS P.O. BOK 19798 ATLANTA, GEORGIA 303254798 August 2, 1985 Georgia Pou:cr Company P.O. Bot 4545 270 Peacltfree Street Atlanta, Georgia 30302 ATTENTION: SitasM Patel Ret Soil Sample Revd. 7/23/85 Lab. No.: 52918 CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS 8.4 y y. <40.0 Sulfates, ppm 8.5 Chlo. tides , ppm , Respectfutty suballted, PUNN LABORATORIES dc et )k . *k Suzanne M. Kierzek SMKtay Approved:
? .
,/
Tim G. Dunn, P.E. 8 A2-1
APPENDIX-B1 C0ATING SPECIFICATIONS ON PIPES
?
~
- P - PROCEDURE NO. 2
=g ** SHOP AND FIELD PROCEDURE--UNDEROROUND CARBON STEEL PIPE EXTERNAL 8 CLEANING AND COATING
$yo ~ -
z 6 A. SCOPE 7. This procedure defines the requirements for external surface treatment and l2 coatings for underground carbon steel pipe lines. It also covers mate-gy rial, inspection, testing, and handling procedures and subsequent repair
,e of damage or def ective areas on coatings.
{*g 518 B. CENERAL INSTRUCTIONS i
- 1. This procedure covers all sizes of plain carbon steel piping sub-gE assemblies. The temperature of the fluid carried will not exceed E .
150 T. No pipe shall be coated or wrapped that was cleaned on a 3[ y
;g previous shift. Pipe primer coat shall cover the entire pipe surf ace o without voids or cracks. Primed surfaces that become dusty or that
}pq remain uncoated for more than 48 hours shall be reprimed.
TE Pipe coating and wrapping shall provide a complete cover for the E! 2. , pipe, without holes, gaps, breaks or bubbles. Tape shall be applied {f t5 with enough tension to make it adhere to the pipe wall. Pipe ends shall be lef t free of coating and wrapping a distance of 6 inches to
'{ allow for connection. Were a fiberglass material is used, it shall be applied with enough tension to embed in the hot enamel but not to 25 penetrate to the pipe wall.
- 3. Shop and field welds shall be coated only af ter acceptance of hydro-E- ' static tests.
Ub
?j2
' C. EXTERIOR PIPE SURFACE PREPA? ATION
=t The exterior pipe surface sh=M be free of all loose mill scale, hj 1.
rust, corrosion products, dirt, grease, moisture, or other foreign material. Grease or heavy oil shall be removed with a volatile 2} e solvent. Loose rust, mill scale, or dirt, shall be removed by wire 35 brushing or by grit or sandblasting in accordance with SSPC-SP-6. II Were possible, all surf aces shall be coated immediately following B3 2.
. cleaning and before any visible rusting occurs. ;
{2g
- 3. Cleaned pipe intended for subsequent coating shall be stored. when 4af necessary, in such a manner that it shall remain free from recon-fj In the event of surface contamination, pipe shall be "y
tauination. ag ': W # ~ rec 1 v..aed in accordance with Paragraph 6.1. I3 hi
?%
~ ~
.- 2 -
08 'G W PIPING CLASS SHEE! 8 Joe N. 9510 h MM elf Z mfv-UNITS 1, 7 AND CC'Of05 i f' C MSSIFICATICNS 1 j e ALVIN V. VMLE !.*t' CLEAR PLA::T EL*RY". C0"NTY. GEOROIA swast FN1-L o, 4 B1-1
C0ATING SPECIFICATIONS ON PIPES (con.) s'. u' i' ' PROCEDURE NO. 2 YE b.
- If D. MATERIALS IS 33 1. Materials for Coal Tar Enamel Coating.
5L 1.1 Materials us'ed for coating pipe shall conform to' applicable g $*
.{ portions of AWA-C-203-73 including Appendix A2. The follow-D ing is a list of approved materials:
I 'I 1.1.1 Primer- Koppers Company " Jet Set" (AWA-C-203-73 Type B) E-
- I
't [ 1.1.2 P.namel - Koppers company "70 B" (AWA-C-203-73 Cold
!g Temperature)
$. I Primer and enamel shall be obtained from the same manuf acturer S[ to assure compatibility, o.
}j 1.2 Wrapping material shall be as follows:
}=I 1.2.1 ovens Corning "Coromat Type 20" reinforced fiberglass
.E L 18 mil pipe wrapping ii 1.2.2 Johns-Manville " Blue Flag" fiberglass 20 mil pipe t3 52 wrapping 1
)) 1.2.3 Johns-Manville #15 felt.
*2
- 2. Materials for Primer and Tape Wrapping.
.d.s hi 2.1 The following wrapping caterials shall be used for coating cy pipe with primer and tape.
5 f; 2.1.1 Primer is kj 2.1.1.1 Tapecoat Company "TC Cold Prime" .
.I~*I 2.1.1.2 Polyken #927
- I 2.1.2 Tape gy 5s >
i
*}
g. 2.1.2.1 Tapecoat Company "CT Tape Coat" jT 2.1.2.2 Polyken P930-35
. 2.1.3 Primer and tape wrapping produced by the same manu-
!i iacturer shall be used to assure compatibility.
I5
!T
*I a
3 oaiGIN PIFING CLASS SP.EE! l Jos me. 9510 UNIIS 1, 2 AND COS010N I UN MM l
- EV- 1 3
; ALVIN V. VOCTLE h"JCLT.AR PUN; C A55ITICATIONS ( 1 ,
i m n Com m . CEoRC A ...., nu-: o. 9 ; B1-2
COATING SPECIFfCATIONS ON PIPES (cont.) / ,
-4 PROCEDURE NO. 2
-.a p ..-- , 9 Ej -
Rf E. PIPE TREATMENT
- f. e Coal Tar Enamel Coating.
.I8 1.
- 1 1.1 Coating shall be applied using a double wrap process which gy includes primer, coal tar enamel, fibrous-glass mat. and bonded
!j asbestos-felt wrap in accordance with AWA-C-203-73 including f,
- y Appendix A, Section A1.5, and the following procedure:
L
= ~* *j 1.1.1 One e, oat of primer shall be applied cold by brushing or 't j spraying. Primer shall be thoroughly dry before apply- $e ing coal tar enamel; however, elapsed time before jj application of enamel shall not exceed 14 days.
I I; 1.1.2 Apply first coat of hot coal tar enamel, 3/32 + i* 1/32-inch thick. The coating shall average 3/32-inch. An enamel coating which consistently runs 1/16-inch 7'
*7 in thickness (1/32-inch under nominal), does not meet l 'E this specification. The enamel shall be mechanically 3i applied to clean dry surf aces. Thickness and uni-
{g f ormity of the film shall be determined by visual
- t. inspection. When flanges are provided the enamel shall i
- be applied up to the back side of flanges. l.
j. y[ 1.1.3 Apply one wrap of bonded fibrous-glass mat over the hot
-; coal tar enamel. A spiral wrap shall be used with ia edges lapping 1/2-inch minimum. %T 55 1.1.4 Apply a second coat of hot coal tar enamel 1/32-inch Ei minimum thickness.
7, f E 1.1.5 Immediately apply one wrap of coal tar saturated asbestos felt over the hot enamel. A spiral wrap
- f. h shall be usec with edges lapping 1/2-inch minimum. .
[" The wrapper shall be free of wrinkles and all end y] laps shall be cemented down with hot enamel to assure ,,
=
a fira wrapping. All torn, abraded or mutilated spots 4l in the pipe coating shall be repaired by the original
*jy application procedure.
3y x2 5, " 1.1.6 Apply a spiral wrap of heavy kraf t paper over the i feld wrap. The kraft paper shall be smooth 75 lb,
}.j T 100 percent sulfate.
3Y 1.2 All materials shall be held in constant tension when wrapped. Tg A continuous ring of coating material shall be visible at each edge of the wrapping as evidence that the bonding coat [7-E covers completely. g (
- t.
I j OmlGi* FIPING CLASS SliEE! 4 Jos me. 9510
! UNITS 1, 2 A:D CCW.CN N iM E ER DC. I mav.
E CLA551FICATIO':S j l ,, ALVIN V. VOCTI.E NUC1. EAR FIX;; BUFI.E CC'.!NTY. CEORCIA s.e s s t ps?.1 os l 1 o
*. a B1-3
c C0ATING SPECIFICATIONS ON PIPES (cont.)
- -;- . ,. ~ ...- . - . , . . - . . . . . . - - . . - . . -
A y. PROCEDURE NO. 2 7A N
~
1.3 A sufficient distance shall be left at each end (approxi-
$2 mately 6 inches) of the pipe to permit the proper installa-tion of fittings or the welding of joints without damaging j)8 g
the coating and/or wrapping or interf ering with the velding. 12 The coated pipe shall be handled at all times in such a ej F, 1.4 manner and with such equipment as will prevent damage to the protective coating. (See Section 4 of AWA-C-203-73.) i) 't All torn, abraded, or mutilated spots in the pipe coating
*l, ,
shall be repaired in accordance with Section H.2.
't cl 2. Primer and Tape Wrapping c[2 A, ! 2.1 Apply one coat of primer to the clean, dry, outside surface
, 5F ,
of the pipe by brush or spray. The primer coverage shall i* not exceed 400 square feet per gallon. Adequate drying time T"7 shall be allowed before tape application. Dependent upon ambient temperature, a " dry to touch" time of a few minutes to an hour shall be allowed, per the manuf acturer's
}c
.e i E
recom:nendation. i5 2.2 Apply ' tape to the primed surf ace in a single spiral vrap, t3 E
.E with edge overlap of 1/2-inch minimum. a
]; 2.3 Pipe wrapping or coating shall completely cover the pipe.
without holes, gaps, breake , or bubbles. Apply tape with Js enough tension to make it adhere to the pipe wall. Pipe ends E3 shall be lef t f ree of tape or coating for a distance of GE 6 inches to allow for hydrostatic testing and connection of Ej adjacent pipe lengths.
*~
- 3. Coatine of Pipe Joints.
Q Et [2 3.1 Af ter the separate , pipe lengths have been connected and hydro-
;] static testing is complete. the bare pipe sections shall be
** cleaned in accordance with Section C and wrapped as follows:
ai jy 3.1.1 Joints shall be wrapped in accordance with Sec-tion E.2, overlapping the original wrapping by gy at least one tape width.
- 2
&E ji 3.1.2 When pipe is coal tar enamel coated, assembled in the 1 field, and then must be field coated to cover bare f# pipe sections. kraf t paper shall be removed f rom coal tar enamel coated pipe a distance of 3 inches back
}I from each end of the coating. Primer shall be applied
-[ per Section E.2 except that application shall extend h .-
3 over the portions of the coal tar enamel coating that S~l L h o0G'N PIPI:;G CLASS SHET.! I Jos me. 9510 U:(ITS 1, 2 A';D COSO:; Pl w ; MA!EalA j aav 3 i j j$ggffk l5 AI'**1:; W. V0GTI.I ::UCI.EAP. pix;; LLAh ;FICATicNs i 1
- N BU75.E CC"::*Y. OE0R0!A swit? P57-s o' 9 B1-4
C0ATING SPECfFICATIONS ON PIPES (' cont.)
. - - - m -~~. s - - . . - - , ~ ,
. . ~ . - ~
., /
4
- a. ,
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' 3,i . PROCEDURE NO. 2 (A [f are to be covered with the tape. Wrapping shall be applied per Sections E.2.2 and E.2.3 extending at least 3 inches over the coal tar enamel coating. 4 5 T 3.2 A protective coating shall be applied to k'eldneck Flanges and lJ ej uncoated irregular surfaces using a 3 or 4 inch wide brush.
"TC Mastic" shall be applied in two heavy coats of approximately
{g 30 vet ails each. No waiting time is required between coats. g.g 3.5 The coated pipe shall not be buried for at least 24 hours af ter
*l g8 coating application. Care shall be taken that sharp rocks, stones or other foreign material do not come in contact with oE the finished coating.
jE
.I jg o
3.6 Coating material shall be kept away f rom heat and open flame. Do not allow coating material to come in contact with potable
},;y water. The container shall be kept tightly closed when not in use.
g 9E 3.7 Apply coating in areas adequately ventilated and avoid pro- {5 longed breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. lj
---- F. TESTING AND INSPECTION I *l 1. Testine of Materials .J s *1 Wen tests are required on materials used in pipe coating or wrap-E- ping, then tests will be performed by the Purchaser at his expense d
ay and under his directions. Samples of materials to be tested shall be obtained from the shop stock by the Purchaser's Inspector. l
]*5 $
hg 2. Testine of Coattn: , J5 u 2.1 Af ter completion of coating, all surf aces excluding flanges i
~* shall be inspected for voids, employing a high voltage type ag holiday detector. Flanges shall be visually inspected for 'iT voids.
II 2.2 The electrical equipment used to test the coal car enamel or ei tape wrapping shall be the portable, low amperage, adjustable E *. 41 voltage. pulse-type holiday detector, Model A-P as manufactured Jj by the Tinker and Rasor Company of San Gabriel. California (or
~. equal approved by the purchaser). The holiday detector shall 7g be furnished with a coil spring electrode for the larger 1 coated areas, and a suitablo brush type electrode for the s8 lT smaller coated bolt and structural surfaces.
#4 L*.
PIPING CLASS SET.E! l Jos m. 9510 omicm { ' PlPING MAIERIAL i arv
~ tl NITS 1, 2 M;D COMMON Cd55!TICATIONS I 1 j
AI. VIN k*. V00TLE NUCLEAR PLANT BUPJJ CO'.*NTY. GEORGIA susar PN2-5 08 9 , B1-5
m C0ATING SPECIFICATIONS ON PIPES (cont.)
- .. n w n ......n. .
, '/
) .
PROCEDURE NO. 2_ N
===
Ei Purchaseroritsauthorizedrepresent$tive,unlessspecifi- ' ig '2 The Contractor shall notify the cally waived by Purchaser. g;
- Purchaser at least 24 hours in advance of the time pipe 1" processing or underground installation' vill commence so that inspection can be provided.
f]! - Es C. PIPE COATINC REPAIRS hl All coatings not meeting the specifications shall be repaired and
- & 1.
{i
.=
retested according to AWWA-C-203-73, this specification. satisf action of the Purchaser's inspector. Repair to pipeand the coating def ects shall be done at the Contractor's expense.
}!
8
, 2. Repair of Coal Tar Enarel Coating, 3j; i> 2.1 Repair using coal enamel.
~1 The repair proc =a: d.451 provide a finished area that 2.1.1 Surface pre-3]E is free from all damage and holidays.
1j pared for repairs shall be coated before rust appears, 3 3g otherwise surf ace must be s eworked. The , Y!. t 2.1.2 The damaged areas shall ha removed by cutting. ; s3 edge cut shall be tapered approximately 45 degrees. j h%g The area shall then be cleaned by wire brushing removing all loose coating materials. d,
.J I 2.1.3 The damaged area shall be repaired using specified M materials and follo 'sg the same sequence as the f 5j original coating.
g; 2.2 Repair of Coating using Primer and Tape. L!
*T
, i If a coal tar enamel coating requires repair using the E.
c#*r primer / tape materials system. remove the kraft paper or j damaged tape from the coal tar enamel coating a distance The pipe f, of 3 inches back from the area to be repaired. [g shall then ba cleaned and primed per Sections C and E.2.1 that primer shall also cover the portion of the shop l}
'except coating that is to be covered with tape. Wrapping shall be
{j a . g applied per Sections E.2.2 and E.2.3 extending at least 3 inches f rom the damaged area over the sound shop coating. s 53 i e8
!1I
*4
- :: i aos . 9510 0" ' C '" FI?!NG C:. ASS SEEET h #IFIN EEfM i afv l 1* NITS 1. 2 AND C0FMC:3 } I i _ALVIN W. VOGILE NUC1, EAR pix;;
C.AS S ITIC ATIONS j l
- Bl*RKE CCUNTY CECRCIA to.s g r PN2-7 es 9 B1-6
C0ATING SPECIFICATIONS ON PIPES (cont.)
.....~,.._......_._.3 i .
PROCEDURE No. 2 Q 2.3 The operating voltage of the detector shall be within the
}{
!- range of 8,000 to 10.000 volts. Due to variables, such as E* relative humidity and temperature, the detector voltage shall i be adjusted twice daily; once just before starting work in the morning, and again just bef ore starting work in the af ternoon.
lI UE The operating voltage of the detector shall be determined by [g 2.4 the f ollowing procedure: g {1
=
2.4.1 Select a coated and wrapped portion at the overlap of
,[ the felt approximately 15 inches from the end of one *8 g!
pipe length. This location represents the maximum thickness of the coating and wrapping on the pipe. jE
.I jg o
2.4.2 Deliberately puncture the coating and wrapping with a sharp knife poic.t. avi, ice pick, or a similarly sharply
]gi pointed tool.
TE Move the detector electrode back and forth over the 5E 2.4.3 2E puncture and reduce the voltage until the detector does i! not indf eate the known holiday. Ii 2.4.4 Place a strip of dry 15 pound coaltar saturated. . ( ? asbestos pipe line felt over the known holiday, move (--- the detector electrode back and forth over the felt 1I strin and slowly increase the voltage "ntil the detector
*R starts to indicate the known holiday under the felt d{
E- s t rip . Ob 2.5 Af ter the voltage has been properly adjusted, as outlined
=; *~ above, the electrode shall be passed over the coated and Ei vrapped surfaces one time only, at the rate of approximately 35 ft. to 50 ft. per minute,
(( g. Il 2.6 Any evidence of holidays or missed places will be indicated by
~* an electric spark between the electrode and the metal surf ace.
al All holidays or missed places so indicated shall be marked by j 7' chalk or crayon and repaired in accordance with Section F and l 8j retested in accordance with Section E. tA hk 3. Shop and Field Inspection ' -E l -.
, . . .ep.g.. .
. , 3 32.; e , g ; i ... y. p. g 315,
*- piping placed underground. Sacp ana FiaM inspection will se lg performed by and at the expense of the Purchaser. No treated
~B piping shall be processed or buried without inspection by the g
5I "4 4 c omGem PIPI::G CLASS SF.IE! Joe =.. 9510
+ MIN Mh "8v i
~
UNIIS 1, 2 A:O COS ON ALVIN W. V00TI.E NUCLEAR PLA:.7 Q SS!TICATIONS 1
* . BURKE COU:.iY CE0EIA sweat P?C-o os e B1-7
C0ATING SPECIFICATIONS ON PIPES (cont.)
..-- m_~...-.+,.. .... ,. ..~.. .ns~n.....--.,..
m .y a e
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PROCEDURE NO. 2 Tc
]A *.
2jo
> II . PIPE HANDLINC
.i 1. Handling of Coated and Wranped Pipen in the Shop -
- 1 ,; 1.1 Wrapped or coated pipe shall be handled in a manner to protect g6
. the pipe cover from damage. Damage to the pipe cover f rom any hl! of the Contractor's operations, including transportation.
loading, and unloading, s, hall be repaired by the Contractor at EE no cost to the Purchaser.
;e
.- ! 2. Handling of Coated and Wrapped Pipes in the Field l8 yE 2.1 Site operations involving handling, storing and installing of 3j treated pipe shall be done in a manner which will not damage
{p the pipe cover. e=
*I ,
2.2 No operation shall be employed which slides or drags the pipe
.I over any surface whatever. No cable or chain sling or choker Jj shall be used to lift the pipe. Forklifts used to lift or jg transport treated pipe shall be adequately covered to prevent cuts or abrasions to the pipe cover.
yy E$ E,3 2.3 Treated pipe to be stockpiled or stored shall be placed in a f i shaded area on wooden supports. The wooden surface in contact (Q7g *, with the pipe shall be not less than 4 inches wide and shall be spaced sufficiently close together to prevent pipe sagging. *
,j [ Treated pipe stacked in layers shall have wooden supports gi between layers. Pipe shall not be stacked higher than the 5j following:
w4 ($ Size Wrapped and Treated Pipe {} e 1" and 2" 10 layers l [ f' 7 3" 5 layers I i5 I [ 4" 3 layers j I .g:
*I 6" 2 layers 8h z2 g, ; Over 6" I layer
,t i-T 'l
*1
2 j~~ 2.4 In placing treated pipe in trenches and during backfill opera-tions, extreme care shall be used to protect the pipe cover.
1s In rocky or harl ground, pipe trenches shall be over-excavated [- in depth and a 3-inch bedding layer or sand placed to receive
;d the pipe. Backfill material, to a point 6 inches above the pipe, shall be a selected sandy material free from rocks or
$1 broken concrete, etc. Tampers used to compact material around gg and over pipes shall be of wood and used with care.
Shovels, [i picks or other sharp tools shall be kept away from surf aces of g
.= g treated pipes. In lowering pipe into the trench it shall not
$ ,8 be allowed to slide over any hard, sharp or abrasive surf ace
- or to strike sharp objects protruding from the sides of the 25i trench. ,
y[ j 2.5 Treated pipe shall not be bent or kinked in any way suf ficiently to produce a permanent change in pipe alignment. Pipe bent in I li this manner shall.have the treatment removed from the affected ' area and then replaced. I 2.6 Treated pipe subjected to welding or other excessive heating (f
%a shall have the treatment removed from the affected areas and i
lj shall be retreated.
.J s 21 b
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k5 PIPING CWS SiiEET isos = 9510 ; j 0"'G'N r , FIFIE MEhlE nav L' NITS 1. 2 4 0 CC.T:0N i j M. VIN W. VCCTLE *:L'CL!.Ut PI.tJ;T LLASSIFICATIcss 1 e EG XE CCLT Y, CECRCIA s.e g e t pc.9 c, a 1 l B1-9
APPENDIX-B2 COATING SPECIFICATIONS ON TANK 5 -' f k i. p ij l$ !j i
- i i i ! M d h M p 'f
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- m M. I u%sh' I q n a g
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a m n M ai &4 [h g WD I k n d@dl dl i dl j ! br" ~Ue 'is .t '9 Gb N% %w .ly y'
. a
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$" $$r*$3%m aW C r y $. i gz qge g g-d s - a
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C0ATING SPECIFICATIONS ON TANK (cont.) o sees m A
=
s % T II.' o C m t
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- 1# -
N 4 W 1 = 2 . I 1 jr % % MN t
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s' l m ' s s I hy, t4c m; - a tt gi J d l ,a - ~ ~ w , gd i -
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e - <. 9 0 g : gn i t:mm um n ut s i s BE , . li q. t 3 x y t x e ~t g R $ w l D % Nd4 TN M ~N f II I h h l 5 hh s : .:. v I=8 t t 8 e a s w g: l !e i s s m
*
- 3, Ig'; v i4 f i i 5 0 iI *$' *A '#' ?- h 9 3 t 3 Ei N gig g N
f, . . . , 8 d I r L I '
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t - 4 2 s i s y > 4 > c o.. b y -
$l itMW ! e 9 11 M, i
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l y bb ~d k nil 7 2 re @44,' '
$tk b Ti l c b.4 $m sk n S h.,;.
~
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h g A *.. h R d es m= Aaatse w *! 3 N %s
; as ac 4 - t : 15I .
Qi a 2 t ;m'
. g 9 s s :,.s e-E idk> rf V- G-
#J 4
~ j y # I % . d _@ "c. P<^< *%9\
E = d] E [ e j I i : s e + m .: , M % e 1, s7 .[. {, a
% c- .
u E' cy y
, Ji - = ,. . . . j; . , ~ . . . .. I B2-2
C0AT1NG SPEC 1FTCAT10NS-0N TANK (cont.)
. .g-4 p dL-N la'i:
g a l 33i p
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7 9. aft 9. 1 31 3 i f
% Q ,jj e-..
d 4 i s s i hMb
$ , , 1 ** 5 6' 4 % o;g 'e bg tD t : ! s s a =l 4, w e
- a a
d ,"; g , E l a h qD3 , 3 a d 3[ . h v j j> d I %i s Y ! 7-
" 3 s" 2, a a bm s gli 3 i a @ -
a m = , ! 3 ? , , s s. s 5 = ~ l _ , +
'1' l* 4 4 s d N M N V 3 a e ,
-{ ,
il@ u n di@ j~,p%%s ?{2{ + ' pts i r i k d M 'd h l O h 3! L ~ 44 , i 3 0 k" . h e=
- w al t unkn
; l m x ha s h
liii 1 1-i qaqu.* e 4 Y e y-Cljd' , ~
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a ad s e
= 1 3
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. ,s w Ow + % h '-
s a t dh@' sy g s t
- 3= yg gp t?s e + p
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,z g :. t, s ec yn p a a e ,-
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b2 58 H %N d s i #N % g t t i 3 SM cs,M. c.h Z 1 ( 5 % man g gj i (5N A l P *m 6
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a . i.. > sR - B2-3
APPENDIX- C METAL LOSS APPROACH BASIS FOR CALCULATING METAL LOSS SOURCE: EPRI RP"1467-1 (REPORT EL-2020) i (FARADAY'S LAW) m: 2 Idt kg kt where m = mass (kg) of metal removed in time ty ,12= 1me (s) v = volence of meterial 7 P9
= Faraday's constant = 9.65 x 10 C/kg-molecules mg = atomic mass (weight) of material i = electric current (cmps)
WEIGHT LOSS RATE FOR IRON OR STEEL IS 9.13 Kg/ Ampere-year or 20 lb/ Ampere-year C-1
1 _ APPENDIX- D1 PHOTOS- GALV'iNIC V0LTAGE AND CURRENT TEST W w, A"
. .' M J.
', "g}f}7.??
Y' ' PLATE-1 PLATE-2
.-Mee.e. -#-*.
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yff.4cQ 3~: *%~_
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% a - M s .::: 's:tc *:.
%'g.hg:: - ,. w y'z[.*5.m%.W sar c! '%
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l l I PHOTOS- GALVANIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT TEST (cont.) O d Q ~,..i-
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APPENDIX- D2 PHOT 0S- CURRENT DENSITY Vs. EXPOSED BARE METAL AREA TES7 m . . - . u e
.x ,
to
, , -- . w. *y.' s l - ,
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D2-1 i
7. APPENDIX- D3
/
PHOTO- CAE GORY-1 BACKFILL RESISTIVITY TEST 1 4
"['
}:,- L
=* g I
M D3-1
APPENDIX- E CORROSIVENESS OF BACKFILL SOIL BASED ON ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SOURCE: PAPER ' CATHODIC PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS IN POWER PLANTS' BY: S.Z.HADDAD SARGENT & LUNDY PRESENTED AT EEI MEETING 10-26-1983 SOIL RESISTIVITY CLASSIFICATION OHM-METERS 0-50 VERY CORROSIVE 50-200 CORROSIVE 200-500 MILDLY CORROSIVE HIGHER THAN 500 NONCORROSIVE CONCLUSION: CATEGORY-1 BACKFILL SOIL
.IS MILDLY TO NONCORROSIVE E-1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l
APPENDTX- F INCREASED CORROSION Vs. pH, FOR Fe, A1, Zn AND Cu ALLOYS SOURCE: PROF. HENERY RUSS, NEWYORK UNIVERSITY. l CA NO PRISENTED: k1 CORROSION PREVEhTTON SEMINAR IN A CORROS/ON OF Al,Zn,Fe, AND%'rIA, u BAS!'MPR ALL15bVb978 AS
, FUNCTION OfpH AT ROOM (70*F) TEMPERATURE
- e. ^ AERATED WATER m.. . .
4-W.Th: . _
'$f
.W
- *: : t',
_..- x.A
-- ;C < .,
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'G 5. QM2;.nL* ' - L;
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,y"n ^ 4M a 2~
,,gej o .- u - <-
Al*(* RESISTAN 2.E-f .-- -. - . -
. = _ '_ _.-
.;UP TO pH 12 Zn*WITH NH 3)
.O
.m .
< ,Cu BASE ALLOYS-y catagory-1 /
/ CORRODES pH8 8 o Bagil Pl. Vog '
E - HIGHER WITH NH3 11 ~ Fe
.. 2 4- 6 8 10 12 14 (H Cl) pH (No OH)
CORROS/ON OF STEEL AS FUNCTION OF pH AT SOO*F 1 2 _o_ m o e e OA o . O W m W . m O 5 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 . p',
'( hcl) -//?,A ~
AT 70. *INoOH) 34 .'- .
' ,' f~ AEASURED FpH*
." .'..". .7.. .([.3
...- - ..c.- ^
> ;k .:
.2 . . . . .. .. . . v . . : . :. . : ? :.=
. =::an -:= k.==O. T ..e 4
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