ML20135A018
| ML20135A018 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Reed College |
| Issue date: | 08/31/1996 |
| From: | REED COLLEGE, PORTLAND, OR |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20135A017 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 9702260415 | |
| Download: ML20135A018 (23) | |
Text
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O E
REED REACTOR FACILITY 8lh)
ANNUAL REPORT September 1,1995 - August 31,1996 9
o' R PDR
REED REACTOR FACILITY Ih ANNUAL REPORT September 1,1995 -- August 31,1996 3203 Southeast Woodstock Blvd.
Portland, Oregon 97202-8199 voice: 503-777-7222 fax: 503-777-7274 email: reactor @ reed.edu Stephen G. Frantz Director, Reed Reactor Facility Program Director, Nuclear Science Consortium of the Willamette Valley
T A BLE OF CONTENTS l EXECUTIVE S UMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 INTRODUCTI ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 PERS O NNEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Facility S taff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 R adia tion S afe ty Co m mitte e........... .. .. . ......... . ...... ... . .. .... ..... .. ... ...... . 4 Reactor Op erations Commi t tee....... .......... ....... ............ .. .. . . ... ... ...... . 4 FA CILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Reactor Facility Floor Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Rotating Specimen Rack Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Pneumatic Transfer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 In-Core Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 In-Pool Facili ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Beam Fa c i l i t i e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 REACTOR US ERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Reactor V i s i t o rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 R eac tor Op eratio n s S emin ar.... .............. .............. . . ...... . ...... ... ........ . 7 Nuclear Science Consortium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 High School Student Proj e e t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Pacific University Science and Technology Camp for Girls ...................... 9 Pacific University Modem Physics Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Concordia University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Reed Classes, Theses, and Faculty Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Industrial and Commercial Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 REACTOR O P E R A TI O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Operati ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Unplann ed Re ac tor S h utdown s..................................................... 11 REACTOR MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 S ignificant Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 S afe ty Revie ws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 RADIATION PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Personnel Dosime try . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 G aseou s Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Liquid Waste Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Solid Waste Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Environmental S amplin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Fi x e d A re a D o s i m e t ry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-96
l
! EXECUTIV E SUMM ARY l This report covers the period from September 1,1995 to August 31,1996. This repon is intended to fulfill several purposes including the reporting requirements of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory l Commission, the U.S. Depanment of Energy, and the Oregon Department of Energy.
Highlights of thelast yearinclude:
I Student panicipation in the program is very high. Tlie number of licensed student operators exceeds one percent of the student body. Fony percent of the licensed operators are women; sixty percent are men.
. The facility continues its success in obtaining donated equipment from the Portland General Electric, U.S. Department of Energy, and other sources. Pacific Nonhwest National -
Laboratory has been generous in lending valuable equipment to the college.
- The facility is developing more paid work. Income this year was much greater than previous j years. The U.S. Department of Energy's Reactor-Use Sharing grant remained constant this year in spite of a general reduction in their pool of money. i l
Progress is being made in a collaborative project with Pacific Nonhwest National Laboratory on isotope production for medical purposes. This could be an exciting long term relationship I which is very promising for the facility.
There were over 1500 individual visits to the Reactor Facility during the year. Most were students I
in classes at Reed College or area universities, colleges, and high schools. Including tours and research conducted at the facility, the Reed Reactor Facility contributed to the educational programs of six colleges and universities in addition to eighteen pre-college groups. Mest of the reactor use by non-Reed personnel was conducted under the auspices of the Nuclear Science Consortium of the Willamette Valley, supponed by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy through the Reactor-Use Sharing Program.
During the year, the reactor was operated almost three hundred separate times. The total energy production was over 23 MW-hours. The reactor staff consists of a Director, an Associate Dimetor, a contract Health Physicist, and approximately twenty Reed College undergraduate students as hourly employees.
All radiation exposums to individuals during this year were well below five percent of the federal limits. There were no releases of liquid radioactive material from the facility and airbome releases (primarily41Ar) were well within regulatory limits. No radioactive waste was shipped from the i
facility during this period.
i i
l Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-96 Page1
INTRODUCTION l The Reed College Reactor Facility has been a resource for research and educational projects in the Portland area since its establishment in 1968. Cooperative progrann between Reed and several public and private high schools, colleges, and universities in northwestern Oregon were established in 1970. These programs, fostered by the reactor staff, are an important part of the educational picture of the region. Partial funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's Reactor Use Sharing Program through the Nuclear Science Consortium of the Willamette Valley enables use of the reactor by educational institutions other than Reed.
The Reed College reactor is a TRIGA Mark I reactor with zirconium hydride / uranium hydride fuel elements in a circular grid array. The uranium fuel is enriched to 19.9% in uranium-235. The reactor is at the bottom of a 25-foot-deep tank of water and is surrounded by a graphite reflector.
The Reed Reactor operates at various steady power levels. The reactor is brought up to a desired power level (up to the license ceiling of 250 kW-thermal) and is kept at that power until the experiment or irradiation is completed. This power level is usually maintained for periods ranging from a few minutes to several hours. Repeated operation over several days are possible for long-term irradiations.
The main uses of the Reed Reactor Facility are instruction and research, especially trace-element analysis. In addition to providing student research opportunities, the reactor staff has worked to b educate the sunounding community on the principles of nuclear energy and radiation safety.
Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Page2
PERSONNEL l Facility Staff During the period from September 1995 through the present, the facility staff consisted of:
Directort Stephen Frantz (4S4-Pmsent)
AssociateDirector: Josh Filner(6S4-Present)
ReactorSupervisor Chris Ghormley (9B6-Present)
Chris Melhus (7S6- 8S6)
Chris Ghormley (@6-7S6)
Kathy Reeves (@5-@6)
Training Sgpervisort Chris Ghormley (@5-Present)
RadiationSafetyOfficer: Cindy 5 avage (4S3-Present)
ContractHealth Physicist: Marshall Parrott (8S1 -Present)
AssistantHealth Physicist: Traci Hilton (lOS4-Present)
SeniorReactor Operators: ReactorOperators:
Joshua Filner Patricia Bennett Stephen Frantz Juliet Brosing Chris Ghormley Nate Carstens TraciHilton Si Cook Chris Melhus Brian Halbert MichaelPollock Jimmy Huang Kathy Reeves Claire Jouseau Aubin Whitley Chris Meecham Eric Saunders Matt Shaw -
Zoe VanHoover Greta Vanderbeek Operators who held licenses during the period but who no longer have licenses:
Wendy Evans Noah Iliinsky All staff members were Reed College undergraduates during the report period with the following exceptions. Mr. Frantz and Mr. Filner are the Director and Associate Director, respectively. Ms.
Savage is the Reed Campus Safety Officer. Dr. Parrott works on contract to Reed College as Reactor Health Physicist. Dr. Brosing is Professor of Physics and Mathematics at Pacific University. Mr. Pollock was the previous director of the reactor. Nate Carstens is a student at Rex Putnam High School. Kathy Reeves graduated in 1996 and is continuing her research at Reed.
The Reed Reactor Facility has two oversight committees: the Radiation Safety Committee and the
. Reactor Operations Committee. The Radiation Safety Committee is concerned with emergency preparedness, health physics, radiation safety, physical security, environmental impact, and the mterface between the Reed Reactor Facility and the Reed College Campus and the surrounding Community. The Reactor Operations Committee deals with the day-to-day operations of the Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Page3
i 1 4 3
l reactor, reactor maintenance, reactor safety, and operator training, and requalification. The i q membership of the committees during the reponing period is shown below: I
, Radiation Safety Committee l Voting Members:
l Curt Keedy (Chair) (Chemistry Faculty, Lewis and Clark College)
- Virginia Hancock (Music Faculty, Reed College)
Wayne Ixi (Environmental Director, Portland General Electric)
- Jack Mahoney (Neighborhood Resident)
Cindy Savage (Radiation Safety Officer, Reed College)
George Toombs (Radiation Control Section, Oregon State Health Division - retired)
} Ex Oficio:
i Linda Mantel (Dean of the Faculty, Reed College)
Stephen Frantz (Director, Reed Reactor Facility)
Josh Filner (Associate Director, Reed Reactor Facility) e Marshall Parmtt (Contract Health Physicist)
Kathy Reeves (ReactorSupervisor) i
- Reactor Operations Committee Voting Members
John Essick (Chair) (Physics Faculty, Reed College) y Juliet Bwsing (Physics Faculty, Pacific University) 1 Dan Gerrity (Chemistry Faculty, Reed College) l Johnny Powell (Physics Faculty, Reed College)
Bill Nicholson (Ponland General Electric)
- Michael Pollock (Geology Faculty, Portland State University)
- Ex OBicio
- Linda Mantel (Dean of the Faculty, Reed College)
- Stephen Frantz (Director, Reed Reactor Facility)
, Josh Filner (Associate Director, Reed Reactor Facility) ,
Marshall Parrott (Contract Health Physicist) l l Kathy Reeves (ReactorSupervisor) l 5
s i
Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Page4
9 F A CILITIES l Reactor Facility Floor Plan In addition to the reactor, the Reed Reactor Facility has associated space for a nuclear science lab. 3 A floor plan appears as Figure 1.
The equipment available at the reactor facility includes four gamma spectmmeters (with High Purity Germanium and Sodium Iodide detectors), surface barrier detectors, alpha spectrometers ,
Silicon Lithium X-ray detectors, a whole body counter, gas flow proportional counters, ior.
chambers, beta counters, Geiger-MQller tubes, and thermoluminescent dosimeter readers. The instruments are used for experiments in basic nuclear science and radiation detection. Hand and shoe monitors are used in the reactor bay and the lab. A liquid scintillation detector is available in the chemistry department and serves the campus radioisotope committee.
G C E2 Mech.
A -
Room Stairs up to Psychology Building
- La an =0 Sump F Control =
a Reactor Room Storage-Tank Room V D l Nuclear *.,cience Lab Reactor Room
- Break Counting I ' Room Room Exit Corridor ,
E H l Electrical Closet ------%
Letters initancs l'E'E MM pg 4 indicate the positions of 0 5 10 20 Building Hailway Fixed Area Dossmetry. Feet (approximate)
RestroomA I
Upstairs Figure 1 - Reed Reactor Facility Floor Plan The reactor facility has several special for performing irradiations, described below.
Rotating Specimen Rack Facility
'Ihe rotating specimen rack (" lazy susan") is located in a well on top of the graphite reflector which surrounds the core. The rack consists of a circular array of 40 tubular receptacles. Each receptacle can accommodate two TRIGA-type irradiation tubes, so that up to 80 separate samples may be irradiated at any one time. Vials holding up to 17 ml (four drams) are routinely used in this system.
Depending upon its geometry, a sample up to about 40 ml could be irradiated by joining two vials.
Samples are loaded in the specimen rack pn,or to the start-up of the reactor. The rack automatically rotates during irradiation to ensure each sample receives the same neutron flux. Typically, the rotating rack is used by researchers when longer irradiation times (generally greater than five Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Page5
minutes) are required. The average thermal neutron flux in the rotating rack position is approximately 1.7 x1012 n/cm2s with a cadmium ratio of 6.0 at full power.
He specimen rack can also be used for gamma irradiations when the nactor is shutdown. The shutdown dose rate in the specimen rack is approximately 3 R/ min.
Pneumatic Transfer System
. The pneumatic transfer system (" rabbit") consists of an irradiation chamber in the outer ring of the core with its associated pump and piping. This allows samples to be transferred in and out of the reactor core very rapidly, while the reactor is at power. It is not currently in use.
Routine use of the pneumatic transfer system involves placing samples into vials, which in turn are placed in special capsules known as " rabbits." The capsule is loaded into the system in the laboratory next to the reactor and is then transfernxi pneumatically into the core-irradiation position. At the end of a predetermined time the sample is transferred back to the receiving tenninal, where it is removed for measurement. The transfer time from the core to the terminal is about seven seconds, making this method ofirradiating samples particularly useful for experiments involving radioisotopes with short half-lives. The flux in the core terminal is approximately 5x1012 n/cm2s when the reactor is at full power.
In-Core Facilities The central thimble, which is a water-filled irradiation chamber about 3 cm in diameter, provides the highest available neutron flux, about lx1013 n/cm2s. Special sample holders can be designed for the central thimble to provide maximum flexibility in experiment design.
A source holder assembly can also be used. The chamber fits into a fuel-element position within
- the core itself. However, it holds only one specially positioned irradiation container, containing a cavity 7.5 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter. Use of the chamber as an irradiation facility necessitates special arrangements.
Foil-insertion holes,0.8 cm in diameter, are drilled at v .cious positions through the grid plates.
These holes allow inserting special holders containing flux wires into the core, to obtain neutron flux maps of the core.
In Pool Facilities Near core, in-pool irradiation facilities can be arranged for larger samples. Neutron fluxes will be lower than in the lazy susan and will depend on the sample location.
Beam Facilities The central thimble can be evacuated with gas, producing a vertical neutron beam. This beam can be used to generate directional neutron flux, or for limited irradiations above the tank. Neutron radiography is also possible. The flux above the beam exit is approximately lx103n/cm2s when the reactoris at full power.
Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Page 6
O RE ACTOR USERS l Reactor Visitors A total of 1564 individuals visited the Reed Reactor Facility duing the year, as derived from the visitors log - Entry List B. Individuals who visited more than once are counted for each visit. A display of visitors by month is shown in Figure 2. Visitors include all individuals who are not listed as facility staff. A large percentage of these were students in classes at area universities, colleges, and high schools as discussed below.
300 r 250-/
200-!
150-'
100-'
50-d I I I I I I I I I I I I Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug AVE Figure 2 - Visitors Reactor Operations Seminar The Reed Reactor Facility conducts a annual seminar series for students and faculty from Reed and other area educational institutions. This non-credit course serves as an introduction to nuclear reactor theory, health physics, and reactor operation. Some of the students continue with in-depth reactor operator training and subsequently apply for a reactor operator license. If successful, the individual may be hired to operate the reactor. In addition, existing reactor operators may take the NRC senior reactor operator exam to upgrade their licenses. For those NRC exams administered during this reponing period, all eight reactor operator candidates passed and three of four senior reactor operator candidates passed.
Nuclear Science Consortium In order to better use the resources of the Reed Reactor Facility, Dr. Scott and representatives of several area colleges and universities established the Nuclear Science Consonium of the Willamette Valley in 1970. Funding for the Consortium has been derived fmm Reactor Use Sharing Grants of the U.S. Department of Energy. This made the facility available without charge to classroom groups and unfunded reseamh projects for consonium members.
The following institutions have participated in facility tours, experiments, and research projects in the reponing period. A chronological listing is attached.
COLLEGE TOURS Concordia University Clackamas Community College Oregon Health Sciences University Pacific University PortlandCommunity College I
Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-96 Page 7
.'4 PortlandState University HIGH SCHOOL & MIDDLE SCHOOL TOURS SEMontessori Edmonds High School Elmira High School Forest Grove High School Gladstone High Schos!
HoodRiver Valley High School Lincoln High School
- Oregon EpiscopalSchool RexPutnam High School Rogue River High School Rogers High School Wilson High School SPECIAL PRE-COI T FGE GROUPS Bring Your Child to Work Cub Scout Packs Boy Scout Troops Pacific University's Science and Technology Campfor Girls ProjectPlus SaturdayAcademy Most of the reactor tours include actual hands-on use of facility equipment to conduct experiments in basic radiation science, health physics, and nuclear physics. The most popubr experiments for middle school students are a demonstration of the inverse square law and the absorption of
- radiation by different types of rmterial. For high school classes, a typical lab expenerice would involve determining the background of a Geiger-Muller scalar system and then detem2ining the half-life of a radioactive material.
College classes are generally more closely tailored to the individualinterests and needs of the Consortium faculty member involved. Experiments include more direct use of the reactor itself by the students, more detailed analysis of materials, and emphasize the incorporation of other classroom activities as much as possible.
Several special programs for gifted children used the reactor. These are designed to enrich their educational program and prepare them for college. Many of the gmups who use the reactor target minority and disadvantaged youth who are historically under-represented in science professions.
High School Student Projects The Reed Reactor Facility continued to be used in independent science projects initiated by students from several Oregon high schools. Students from Oregon Episcopal School, Elmira High School, and Gold Beach High School performed special science research projects at the reactor this year.
Kim Boatman from Gold Beach went on to win first place in her category at international competition. According to the judges, her process for zirconium extraction is the first economically feasible method. She has applied for a patent.
Lincoln High School physics class spent three afternoons at the reactor performing experiments. A student from Lincoln High School and two students from Wilson High School spent most of the summer working at the facility on various projects. Nathan Carstens, a student at Rex Putnam High School, spent most of his summer and much of the school year working at the facility. He passed an NRC reactor operators exam this year.
ReedReactorFacili.9:AnnualReport1995-% Page8
Pacific University Science and Technology Qap for Girls The Pacific University Science and Technology Camp for Girls holds a summer camp for 7th and 8th grade girls. This camp is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The overall goal is to encourage the participants to continue in math and science.
Pacific University Modern Fbvsics Lab Each year the Modem Physics Lab at Pacific University, spends two lab sessions (4-5 hours each) at the reactor. De students do several labs including basic health physics, suberitical multiplication, and neutron activation analysis.
Concordia University Two or three times each year the Environmental Remediation & Hazanious Material Management Program (ERHMM) at Concordia University visits the facility. The reactor provides training and experiments involving radiation and radioactive material.
Reed Classes, Theses, and Faculty Research The Reed College Reactor Facility was used in three Reed College Classes and three senior theses.
The Chemistry 110 class conducted a lab using neutrun activation analysis to analyze for potassium in a compound synthesized earlier in the course.
Chemistry 315 students evaluated the presence ofimpurities in alumimun foil.
Natural Science 100 students studied the effects of acid rain on sedunent taken from the Reed Canyon.
Three Reed students used the reactor this year for their thesis work. We performed activation analysis for Luke Kanies who was working with Dave Dalton, and for John Notis who was working with Ron McClard. We produced P-32 for Dhawal Goradia who was also working with Ron McClard.
Three other Reed students did work with the reactor. Chris Ghormley performed yttrium measurement in solid state compounds for Chemistry 212. Traci Hilton investigated metal uptake in plants for Biology 332. Chris Melhus checked for arsenic content in vitamins as class projects in Physics Juniorlab.
Industrial and Commercial Applications ne Reed Reactor Facility is available for use by industrial or commercial concerns whenever it does not conflict with our educational goals. As in past years, the primary operations involve neutron activation analysis of materials or environmental samples. Arrangements may be made either on a time lease basis or the industry may contract for sample analysis.
This year work included attempts to find trace elements in soil samples and renting analytical equipment. The facility is expanding its commercial activities by providing radiation protection training to interested parties and schools in the area. ,
The facility has begun providing health physics courses. This year we offered two 1-day training sessions and one 40-hour Radiation Safety Officer training course.
Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Page 9
RE ACTOR OPER ATIONS l Operations During the year,153 reactor start-up checklists were completed with a total of 295 times critical. A reactor start-up is conducted on each day of reactor operation; each time critical represents one reactor operation. The total energy production amounted to 23.05 MWh. Operations by month appearin Figures 3-5.
40 '
35-#
30-' f 25-'
20-'
15-'
10-'
5-#
I I I I I I I I I 1 I I Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug AVE Figure 3 -Days ofOperation 60 '
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug AVE Figure 4 -Times Critical Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug AVE Figure 5 - EnergyProduction (MWh)
Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Page10 l
. _ . . _ . . _ _ ._.__-_m. _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ - _ _ - - . . - . . _ _ . , _ . . _ _ _ _
Unplanned Reactor Shutdowns
'Ihere were 19 unplanned reactor shutdowns (scrams) during the period, as shown in Table A. All were classified as inadvenent. On 5/20S6 the licensed operator manually scrammed the reactor when he noticed that the trainee had allowed power to reach 100% (we nonnally limit power to %%). One scram was due ta instrument noise. The remainder resulted from operator or trainee error. The number of unplanned reacter shutdowns is consistent with previous years.
Table A - Unplanned Reactor Shutdowns Dalg II.Rg Cause Of Shutdown 9/8S5 Linear Power Operator error 9/28S5 Percent Power Operator error 10/2/95 Linear Power Operator error 10/2/95 ReactorPeriod Operator error 11/4S5 Percent Power Operator error 11/15S5 Percent Power Trainee error 11/28 S 5 Reactor Period Trainee error l 3/2B6 Linear Power Operator ermr ;
l 3BS6 Linear Power Operator error
! 3/1886 Reactor Period Trainee error 3/2986 LinearPower Trainee error 4/5S6 Linear Power Trainee error j SBS6 Reactor Period Operator error l SSS6 Reactor Period Operator error ;
l 5/20/96 -Manual Power above 96% l
! 6/22/96 Reactor Period Instrument noise l 6/26/96 Reactor Period Operator error j l 7/8S6 Linear Power Trainee error '
l 7/19S 6 Linear Power Operator error ;
l l
l l
l i
Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Pageil l
~.
RE A CTOR M AINTEN ANCE l Significant Maintenance Routine equipment checks are conducted by reactor staff members on a daily, weekly, bimonthly, semiannual (January and July) and annual (January) basis as required by facility procedures. Reed College maintenance personnel assist with routine preventative maintenance to auxiliary equipment.
Significant maintenance operations which v ere not part of a regular schedule are listed in Table B.
Table B - Significant Maintenance Operations Daig Maintenance 9/27B5 Soldered center arm on Linear Channel switch.
4/5S6 Soldered Regulating Rod motor wire.
Safety Reviews There were no changes performed during the reporting period under the provisions of 10CFR50.59.
Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Page12
)
R A DI A TION PROTECTION l Personnel Dosimetry During the period from July 1,1995 to June 30,1996, personnel dosimeters were issued to 34 Reed students and staff and 1 contractor working at the reactor. Since dosimeters are changed on a calendar quarter schedule, this period is the clo.sest to the reporting period. In almost all cases, individuals were issued both a ring badge for estimating hand exposure and a whole-body badge.
Seven individuals met or exceeded the detection limit, as indicated on Table D. No exposures exceeded nye percent of the federal limit.
Table D - Personnel Dosimetry (doses in mR per calendarquaner)
Eing Whole-body Total dosimeters issued 111 111 Reports below detection limit 104 104 Details of dosimeters exceeding detection limit:
Reed staff: 45 mR to whole body and finger ring.
Reed staff: 50 mR to whole body and finger ring.
Contractor: 55 mR to whole body and finger ring.
Reed staff: 65 mR to whole body and finger ring.
Reed student: 20 mR to whole body and finger ring.
Reed student: 15 mR to whole body and finger ring.
Reed student: 15 mR to whole bo-ly and finger ring.
Gaseous Releases The only routine release of gaseous radioactivity is fromd lAr (1.8 hour9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> half-life) and 16N (7 second half-life). These come from activation of pool water and air dissolved in the pool water.
The average annual gaseous activity released is approximately 5.3 x 10-9 mci /ml; well below regulatory guidelines.
Liquid Waste Releases No liquid radioactive waste was released from the Reed Reactor Facility during this report period.
Solid Waste Disposal No solid radioactive waste was shipped from the Reed Reactor Facility during this report period.
Environmental Sampling Soil and water samples taken from the area surrounding the facility showed no activity above background.
l Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-96 Page13
Fixed Area Dosimetry Radiation levels are continually monitored to provide an indication of the average radiation levels in the reactor bay and dose outside the facility. The locations of these dosimeters are shown on Figure
- 1. All are thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) designed to monitor beta and gamnut radiation. In addition, locations C and E have TLDs that measure neutron dose.
'Ihe radiation doses measured during the period beginning July 1,1995 and ending June 30,1996 are shown in Table E. Since dosimeters are changed on a calendar quarter schedule, this period is the closest to the reponing period. There are radioactive material sample storage locations along the nonh wall: a radioactive source storage safe and a lead enclosed sample box where samples are placed immediately upon removal fmm the reactor.
Table E - Area Radiation Dosimeters (doses in mR per calendar quaner)
Location heiglg 7/1-9/30 10/1-12/31 1/1-3/31 4/1-6/30 Inlal (m)
A North wall 1.5 P,7 140 110 160 0 410
~
B North wall 2.5 ,7 220 0 25 10 255 C East wall 1.7 D,Y 0 0 0 0 0 C East wall 1.7 neutron 0 0 0 0 0 D South wall 1.7 P,7 10 0 15 0 25 E West wall 1.0 ,Y 45 0 0 0 45 E West wall 1.0 neutron 0 0 0 0 0 F North outside 3.0 ,7 10 0 10 0 20 G Eastoutside 1.5 ,Y 0 0 0 0 0 H South outside 0.2 ,Y 0 0 0 0 0 I Roofoutside 0.0 ,Y 0 0 0 0 0 Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Page14
APPENDIX A Reed Reactor Visitors 1995-96 Dalg Institution # in Groun Comments 9/12S5 Reed Student 1 Tour 9/12S5 Cub Scouts - 7 Tour 9/14S5 Reed Student 17 Training Seminar 9/14S5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training Seminar 9/14B5 Neighborhood Citizens 2 Tour 9/15S5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 9/1985 Rex Putnam High School 1 Traimng 9/19S5 Pacific University 1 Research Project 9/1995 WaterMetric West 1 Maintenance 9/1985 Reed Physical Plant 1 Maintenance 9/21S5 SE Montessori Center 7 Tour 9/27S 5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Traming 9/27S5 Reed Student 1 Training .
9/28S 5 Oregon Episcopal School 9 Tour 9/2985 Reed Student 2 Training 9/29B5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 9/3085 Reed Student Family 6 Tour 10/1S 5 Hood River Valley High School' 25 Tour 10/2S 5 Hood River Valley High School 14 Tour 10/3B5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Trainmg
.10/4S 5 Reed Student 1 Training 10/4S 5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 10/5S 5 Pacific University 5 Class 10/5S 5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Traimng 10/12S5 Reed Student 1 Training 10/12S5 PacificUniversity 4 Class 10/12S5 Reed Student 1 Training (
10/12S5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 10/1765 Pacific University 1 Research Project 10/18S5 Portland Community College 1 Tour 10/18S5 Reed Student 1 Training 10/19S5 Reed Student 1 Tour 10/1985 Uni _versity of Califomia, Berkeley _ 1 Tour 10/19S5 Reed Student 1 Tour 10/20S5 Reed Student 1 Tour 10/23B5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 10/2@5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 10/2@5 Rose City Astronomers 4 Tour 10/28/95 Putnam High School 1 Training 10/28/95 Reed Student 3 Training 10/3W95 Elnura High School 2 Tour 10/3185 Reed Student 3 Chem Lab 11/1S 5 Reed Student 2 Training 11/1 S 5 EDUCOM 10 Tour 11/195 Reed Student 7 Training Seminar 11/1 S 5 OHSU 1 Tour 11/1 S 5 Wright Health Physics 1 Tour 11/4S5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 11/4 S 5 Citizen 1 Tour 11/4B5 Reed Student 5 Training 11/7S 3 Reed Student 7 Training Seminar Reed Reactor Facility AnnualReport 1995-% Appendix A:Page 1
i
=
. 11/895 Wright Health Physics 1 Training Seminar .
- 11/8S5 Reed Student 3 Chem Lab 11/8S5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 11/8S5 Gladstone High School 1 Tour 11/10S5 Citizens 2 Tour
, 11/11S5 Reed Students 11 Training Seminar 11/13S5 Reed Students 3 Traming 11/13B5 Reed Students 14 Nat SciTour i 11/14S5 Reed Students 15 Nat SciTour 11/14S5 PortlandGeneralElectric 2 Tour 11/14B5 Rex Putnam High Sciiool 1 Training 11/14S5 Reed Students 2 Traming 11/1485 Reed Students 2 Tour i
11/15S5 Reed Students 4 Training 4 11/15S5 Reed Students 14 Nat Sci Tour '
11/1665 Reed Students 3 Training 11/16/95 Reed Students 21 Nat SciTour 11/17B5 Reed Students 15 Nat SciTour 1 11/1885 Reed Students 4 Training 11/18S5 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 11/2065 Boy Scout Troop 18 Tour i 11/21S5 Reed Students 4 Chem 12b 3
11/22S5 Reed Community Safety 5 Training j 11/24B5 Reed Students 3 Training 11/28S5 Reed Students 2 Training 11/28S5 Portland Community College 19 Tour 11/28S5 Rex Putnam High School 2 Tour
, 11/29S5 Portland Genera 1 Electric 2 Tour 11/30/95 Reed Students 11 Chem Lab
- 12/1B5 Portland Community College 14 Tour
' - 12/1S 5 Reed Students 11 Chem Lab 12/2 S 5 Concordia University 16 Tour
- 12/5 S 5 Reed Student 1 Operator
. 12/865 Reed MALS 10 MALS Tour 12/27B5 ConnecticutCollege 1 Tour 1/596 Pacific University 1 Tour 1/6S6 Pacific University 4 Tour 1/196 . Amherst College 1 Tour 1/8B6 Reed Students 7 Training ISS6 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training ISS6 Reed Students 8 Training 1/10S6 Reed Students 10 Training 1/1096 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 1/1166 Reed Students ' 7 Training 1/11S6 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 1/11S6 Wright Health Physics 1 Tour 1/12S6 Reed Students 9 Training 1/12S6 Wright Health 1 Tour 1/13S6 Reed Students 7 Training 1/1496 Reed Students 6 Training 1/14S6 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 1/15S6 Reed Students 5' Training 1/15S6 Oregon Episcopal School 5 Tour 1/15S6 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 1/1686 Reed Students 9 Training Reed Reactor Facility AnnualReport 1995-% Appendix A:Page 2
1/17B6 Reed Students 7 Training 1/18S6 Reed Students 7 Training -
1/1996 Reed Students 5 Training 1/2096 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 1/22S6 Rex Putnam High School 1 Tra*ming 1/23S6 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 1/23B6 NRC Examiner 1 Exam 1/24S6 Reed Community Safety 3 Tour 1/25B6 Reed Reactor 2 Tour 1/25S6 Pacific University 2 Tour 1/2666 Rex Putnam High School 1 Training 1/2666 Reed Student 1 Training l 1/27B6 Reed Students 3 Training ;
< 1/31S 6 Reed Student 1 Training l
2/196 Reed Student 1 Training l 2/196 Pacific University - 1 Tour ,
l 2/1S6 Reed Students 2 Tour j i 2/2S6 Reed Students 6 Training i 2/3S6 Reed Students 6 Training 2/3S6 Elmira High School 2 Tour ;
' 2/3S6 Scott Family 8 Tour l 2/6S6 Reed Student 1 Research 2/6S6 Reed Maintenance 2 Maintenance 2/6S6 Wilson High School 1 Tour 2/7B6 Reed Students 2 Research
! 2/8S6 Reed Students 3 Training 2SS6 - Reed Students 7 Training 2/1096- Reed Students 3 Tour 2/1396 Edmonds High School 4 Tour 2/14S6 Mt. Hood Chemical Co. 1 Tour 2/15S6 Reed Maintenance 2 Maintenance 2/1666 Reed Students 2 Tour 2/1896 Reed Student 1 Tour 2/19S6 Rex Putnam High School 2 Tour 2/1996 Prospective Students 5 Tour 2/20 S 6 Reed Students 19 Chem 110 Lab 2/2196 Reed Students 42 Chem 110 Lab 2/21 S 6 Reed Students 2 Training 2/2296 Reed Students 25 Chem 110 Lab 2/23S6 Oregon State University 1 Tour 2/23S6 Reed Students 24 Chem 110 Lab 2/26S6 Reed Maintenance 1 Maintenance 2/27B6 Reed Maintenance 1 Maintenance 2/28S6 Reed Reactor 1 Tour
- 2/29B6 Pacific University 11 Tour
, '2/29 S 6 Reed Students 3 Traming l ' 3/IS6 Reed Students 3 Training 3/2S6 Reed Student 1 Research l 3/3S6 Reed Reactor 1 Tour 3/5S6 Physical Plant 2 Maintenance 3/5B6 Saturday Academy 17 Tour l 3/6S6 PhysicalPlant 2 Maintenance i 3/6S6 Stericycle 1 Maintenance
! 3/6S6 Reed Reactor 3 Tour l 3/8S6 Wilson High School 1 Tour Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Appendix A:Page 3
3/12 S 6 Wilson High School 1 Tour 3/12B6 Panther Systems 7 Tour 3/13 S 6 Panther Systems 3 Tour 3/14/96 Reed Students 2 Research 3/14B6 Pacific University 1 Reseamh 3/15S6 Reed Student 1 Research 3/18B6 ' Reed Student 1 Research 3/19 S 6 Project Plus 12 Tour 3/1996 Reed Student 1 Training 3/20 S 6 Oregon Episcopal School 2 Tour 3/20S 6 Reed Students 5 Training 3/21B6 Reed Students 2 Training ,
3/22S6 Reed Student 1 Tour 3/23 S 6 Reed Student 1 Research 3/24B6 Reed Student 1 Research '
3/25B6 Omgon Health Science University 2 Tour 3/27B6 Portland General Electric 2 Tour 3/28 S 6 Reed Student 1 Reseamh 3/28 S 6 Harvard University 2 Tour 3/29 S 6 Wilson High School 1 Tour 3/29B6 Reed Student 1 Research 3/30 S 6 Reed Student 1 Reseamh 3/3166 Reed Students 2 Research 4/196 Reed Students 2 Training 4/2S6 Reed Students 2 Research 4/3S6 Ponland Fim Bureau 4 Tour 4/3B6 Reed Students 2 Research 4/3B6 Portland Police Bureau 5 Tour 4/4S6 Reed Student 1 Reseamh 4/5S6 Photographer 1 Photos 4/5S6 Reed Economics Students 8 Tour 4/6S6 Reed Students 5 Training 4BS6 Reed Student 1 Research 4/10 S 6 Reed Student 1 Research 4/1086 Lincoln High School 30 Tour 4/1086 Oregon Episcopal School 4 Tour 4/1196 Reed Student 1 Tour 4/11S6 Lincoln High School 19 Tour 4/12S6 Prospective Students 16 Tour 4/12S6 Rogue River High School 13 Tour 4/12S6 Cub Scouts 10 Tour 4/13B6 Reed Students 8 Research 4/15S6 - Prospective Students 11 Tour 4/17 S 6 Reed Students 2 Reseamh 4/1896 Pacific University 1 Tour 4/18S6 Reed Students 8 Reseamh 4/1986 Prospective Students 8 Tour 4/1996 - Reed Students 2 Research 4/20 S 6 Reed Students 4 Research 4/22 S 6 Pmspective Students 10 Tour 4/22 S 6 Reed Students 2 Research 4/23 S 6 Reed Students 2 Research 4/23 S 6 Prospective Parer.t 1 Tour 4/23 S 6 Wilson High School 1 Tour 4/23 S 6 Saturday Academy 8 Tour
}
Reed Reactor Facility Annual Report 1995-% Appendix A:Page 4
. +
4/24 S 6 Reed Students 2 Reseamh' !
4/25 S 6 Bring Child to Work 55 Tours ,
4/29S6 Reed Students 6 Training l 4/29 S 6 NRC Examiner i Testing :
4/30 S 6 NRC Examiner 1 Testing j
'4/30S 6 Reed Students 2 Training ,
5/1S6 NRC Examiner 1 Testing 5/IS6 Reed Students 3 Training ,
5/3S6 - Reed Student 1 Training 5/& 96 Honeywell 1 Maintenance !
5/696 Reed Student 1 Training i SUS 6 Reed Students 3 Research )
5RS6 Portland Community College 10 Tour i SnS6 ' Saturday Academy 20 Tour ,
SSS6 Reed Reactor 1 Tour )
SSS6 Portland Community College 8 Tour i 5/1066. Portland State University 6 Tour t 5/1066 Reed Students 2 Research :
5/10S6 Reed Reactor 2 Tour !
5/14S6. Reed Student 1 Training :
5/14 S 6 Physical Plant 2 Maintenance 5/1696 Reed Student 1 Training ;
5/1666 MurdockTmst 3 Tour 5/17S6 Reed Students 4 Training 5/17B6 Visitor 1 Tour 5/19S6 Reed Student 1 Research !
5/1996' Visitors '8 Tour !
5/2066 Portland Community College 16 Tour !
5/21 S 6 Visitors 7 Tour 5/2166 WilsonHighSchool 1 Research j 5/22S6 Rogers Middle School 4 Tour j 5/23B6 Rogers Middle School 10 Tour 5/23S 6 AWSEM 17 Tour. ,
5/23 S 6 Portland Community College 7 Tour :
5/24 S 6 Wilson High School 2 Tour 1 5/24S6 Portland Community College 10 Tour j 5/24 S 6 Rogers Middle School 7 Tour i 5/25S6 Reed Student 1 Research l 5/29S6 Portland Community College 23 Tour 5/3066 Clackamas Community College 13 Tour 5/31 S 6 Reed Student 1 Training 5/3166 Wilson High School 1 Research 5/31 S 6 Wilson High School 17 Tour 6/4S6 Forest Grove High School 10 Tour 6/596 Forest Grove High School 1 Tour
&1lS6 Visitors 2 Tour
-6/12S6 Reed Reactor 3 Testing
.6/14S6 Alumnus 6 Tour 6/14 S 6 Reed Students 2 Training 6/18 S 6 Reed Student 1 Traming 6/1996 Reed Student 1 Training 6/1996 Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute 15 Tour 62066 Wilson High School- 2 Tour 6/20 S 6 PhysicalPlant 1 Maintenance l 6/21 S 6 Reed Student 1 Training
' Reed Reactor Facility AnnualReport 1995-% Appendix A:Page5 o
{
6/21 # 6 Wilson High School 2 Tour
-6/2196 Pacific University 28 Tour 6/22 S 6 Concordia University 15 Tour 6/26S6 ' Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute 15 Tour 6/28S6 Penn State University 1 Research 6/28S6 WilsonHighSchool 1 Research 6/28S6 Dean Mantel 1 Tour 6/29B6 Visitors 5 Tour 6/29S6 Dan Gerrity 1 Audit 6/29S6 Wilson High School 1 Research 7/2S6 Wilson High School 2 Research 7/2S6 . Concordia University 1 Research 7/3S6 Wilson High School 1 Research 7/8S6 Wilson High School 1 Research
^7/8S6 Saturday Academy 12 Tour
-7/10# 6 Wilson High School 2 Research 7/1066 Saturday Academy 8 Tour 7/11S6 Saturday Academy 8 Tour 7/12S6 Wilson High School 2 Research 7/13S6 Wilson High School 2 Research 7/15S6 Wilson High School 1 Research 7/16S6 Oregon Health Science University 2 Tour 7/16S6 Wilson High School 1 Research 7/17S6 Wilson High School 2 Research 7/19S6 Wilson High School 2 Research 7/20/96 Wilson High School 1 Research 7/22B6 Wilson High School 3 Research 7/26S6 - PhysicalPlant 2 Maintenance 7/26 S 6 Wilson High School 1 Research 7/30 S 6 PhysicalPlant 2 Maintenance-7/3166 Wilson High School 1 Research 8/1S6 Physical Plant _1 Maintenance 8/666 PhysicalPlant 2 Maintentnce 8/6S6 Radiation Safety Officer Course 8 Training 8/14S6 Health Physics Northwest 1 Training 8/1 M 6 Wilson High School 1 Research Nv,, Radiation Safety Officer Course 3 Training tvd /L Wilson High School 1 Research 8/18S 6 Wilson High School 1 Research 8/8S6 Clackamas Community College 13 Tour 8/8S6 Radiation Safety Officer Course 5 Training 8/1996 Prospective Students 2 Tour 8/20S 6 Wilson High School 1 Research 8/22S6 Physica1 Plant 1 Maintenance 8/22 S 6 Citizen 1 Tour 8/22 S 6 WaterMetric 2 Mamtenance 8/23 # 6 Physical Plant 1 Maintenance 8/24 S 6 Wilson High School 1 Research 8/24B6 Concordia University 17 Training 8/26S6 J. Powell 1 Audit 8/26S6 Wilson High School 1 Research 8/27 S 6 Wilson High School 2 Research 8/28 S 6 Wilson High School 1 Research 8/28 S 6 Reed Parents / Students 23 Tour 8/2996 Reed Parents / Students 16 Tour Reed Reactor Facility AnnualReport 1995 % Appendix A:Page 6