ML20126F116

Eighth Annual Occupational Radiation Exposure Report 1975

ML20126F116
Person / Time
Issue date:	10/31/1976
From:	Brooks B NRC OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS (MPA)
To:
References
NUREG-0119, NUREG-119, NUDOCS 8103060829
Download: ML20126F116 (34)

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ElGHTH ANNUAL OCCUPATIONAL i

RADIATION EXPOSURE REPORT 1975 I.

Barbara G. Brooks Date Published: October 197C Operating Data aranch Operations Evaluation Division Office of Management Information and Program Control United States NucIcar Regulatory Commission Washington, D. C. 20555 lU 8tO5 oho 2>9 u

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.J U.S. DEFART!JENT OF CSWaERCE

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l Eighth Annual Occupational J

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4 October 1976 i

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DAT A

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2 J. Rwe sparts's Accen.4..a No. -

SHEET NUREC - 0119

4. Tatie and Fuhtaale

5. Heport Date j

g Eighth Annual Occupational Radiation Exposure October 1976 f

Report

- 1975 6.

F. Author (s)

8. Perlorming Orsanisasso. Fept.

Barbare Brooks N** NUREG-0119

9. Perforenang Ursansasison Name and Addsess

40. I'sosecr/TaskJock Unis No.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Offic'e of Management Informatidn and Irogram Control.

II. contrace/ctsa No.

Washington, D.C.,

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12. Sponsoring 8 rgansaation Name and Address 13.

',-pe of Repers & Per>od e

C *ered

. Personnel 5'vnn nec Rennrt--1975' Same as 9 above is, e

15. Supplementary Notes Su:xnary of personnel exposure data submitted to the Commission i

ri'ir s u an t to 10 CFR O.40'4, 20.405, 23.407, 20.409.

16. Absiracts Tnis is a report by the U.S. Nuclear Rer,ulatory Co:xnission on the operation of l

its centralired repository of personnel occupational radiatior exposure information.

l The bu1*< of the Information was obtained from annual and termination reports submitted ty mertain types of HRC licensees (i.e., operatin;; :iuclear power reactors; industrial rrdiographers; fuel precessors, fabrict. tors, and reprocessors; commercial processors i

and distributors of specialired quantities of byproduct materiais) pursuant to l

10 CFR 20.407 and 10 CFR 20.403, respectively. Annual reports were received from 387 I

covered licensees inJicatin;,.that some 78.713 individuals, bsivint, an average exposure of 0.360 rems, were moattored for exposure to radiation dur;ng 1975 and tia.t 21,601 individuale terminated their employment or work assignment with covered licenseer in 197 :.

Information on incii ents involvin;, pctsonnel overexposures to radiation or radioactive materials is obtained from reports required to 'be submitted b;' all NRC licensees pursuant to 10 CFR 20.403 and 10 CFR 20.40).

The number of personnel overexposures repor:cd in 1975 decreased from previous years.

17. Ley s ords and Docuir.est Analynss. 17a. Descrsptors

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SUMMARY

This is a report by the U. S. tiuclear Regulatory Comission on the operation of the Comission's centralized repository of personnel occupational radiation exposure infomation. The bulk of the infomation was obtained from annual and temination reports sub-mittedbycertaintypesoffiRClicensees(i.e.,operatingnuclear power reactors; industrial radiographers; fuel processors, fabri-cators, and reprocessors; commercial processors and distributors of specified quantities of byproduct materials) pursuant to Part 20.407 and Part 20.408 of Title 10, Chapter 1. Code of Federal Regulations, respectively. Annual reports were received trom 387 covered licensees indicating that some 78.713 individuals, having an average exposure of 0.36 rems, were monitored for exposure to radiation during 1975 and that 21,601 individuals temir.ated their employ-ment or work assignment witn covered licensees in 1975.

Infomation on incidents involving personnel overexposures to radiation or radioactive materials is obtained from reports sub-mitted by all NRC licensees pursuant to Parts 20.403 and 20.405 of Title 10, Chapter 1. Code of Federal Regulations. The number of personnel overexposures reported in 1975 decreased from previous years. The nost significant overexposures which occurred in 1975 are sumarized.

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ETABLE OF CONTENTS

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SUMMARY

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l INTRODUCTION.............-..................................... 1 I.

ANNUAL REPORTS t)

Expos ure Dis tri buti ons.................................... 3 a

Ma n-rems pe r Ca teg o ry..................................... 5

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Licens ed Power Rea ctor Facili ties......................... 6

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II. TERMINATIONS j

Terminations - 1975....................................... 10 Terminations - 1969-1975.................................. 10 Transient Workers......................................... 10 Career Doses.............................................. 11 f

III. PERSONNEL OVEREXPOSURES..................................... 15 i

FIGURES 1.

Distribution of Annual Whole Body Exposures Reported by Covered Licensees, 1975...................... 4 2.

Summary of Annual Whole Body Exposures For Covered Licensees, 1968-1975......................... 5 i

3.

Man-rems Accumulated by Category of Covered Licensees................................................ 7 4.

Summary of Annual Exposures Reported by

- 1 Nuclear' Power Facilities. 1969-1975...................... 8 5.

Man-rems per Work Function................................ 9 6.

Transient Workers, 1969-1975................................

11 7.

Average Career Doses....................................... 14 l

8.

Summary of Overexposures to External i

Sources of Radiation..................................... 17 3

9.

Summary of Exposures to Excessive Concentrations. 1971-1975................................ 18 APPENDIX A Career Doses for Radiation Workers Tenainating 'uring the Years 1969-1975............. 20 s

APPENDIX B Overexposure Summaries, 1975...................... 22 ii 1

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h EIGHTH ANNUAL OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE REPORT l.

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1975 I

h INTRODUCTION F

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OnNovember4,1968,theU.S.AtomicEnergyCommission(AEC) 1 approved a program for the reporting of certain occupational radiation exposure infomation to a central repository. This infomation was to be required of four categcries of AEC licensees, I

I as defined in 10 CFR 20.407, and of AEC contractors exempt from licensing. The reporting requirements were implemented by the pro-mulgation of.10 CFR 20.407,10 CFR 20.408 and the imediate Action Directive 0525-19. It was also decided that certain information contained in personnel overexposure reports sutaitted by all types I

of Commission licensees and contractors pursuant to 10 CFR 20.403, 10 CFR 20.405 and AEC Manual Chapter 0502 should be maintained in the repository. As of December 31, 1973, these six types of reports

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i had provided information on a total of approximately 150,000 1

1 occupationally exposed persons. This information for the period of 1969 through 1973 has been sux:arized and published in the six 1

documents designated as WASH-1350-R1 through iiASH-1350-R6.

t I0peratin: "uclear power reactors; industrial radiographers, fuel proces' r,. fabricators and re;rocessors; cnercial processors and dist" utors of specified quantities of byproduct r:aterial.

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f With the division of the AEC into the two agencies, the Energy ResearchandDevelopmentAdministration(ERDA)andtheU.S.huclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), in ilanuary 1975, each agency assumed responsibility for collecting and maintaining occupational expostre infomation relating to its own activities. Both agencies have I

continued to retain similar data' and computer systems at the Union Carbide Computing Technology Center, Oa;; Ridge, Tennessee. Comp-arable infonnation for ERDA facilities and contractors ;aay be obtained from ERDA's Division of Safety. Standards and Compliance at Gemantown, Maryland.

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ANNUAL rep 0RTS - 10 CFR 20.407

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Exposure Distributions.

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On February.4, 1974, 10 CFR 20.407 was amended to require the four

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categories of covered licensees to submit an annual statistical report which indicates the distribution of the whole body exposures -

k incurred by their employees. It shculd be borne in mind that all of the figures compiled in this report are based on radiation expusures as determined by various types of personnel monitoring devices, all of which have their own inherent uncertainties. Figure 1 is a com-pilation of.the reports submitted for calendar year 1975. As can be seen from this figure, nearly 50% of the 78,713 individuals monitored during 1975 received exposures that were too small to be

.f detected by personnel radiation monitoring devices and more than 99%

of the exposures were less than 5 rems.

J It should be pointed out that very few of the annual exposures that exceed 5 rems are personnel overexposures. Although 5 rems is the annual limit set forth in Paragraph (a) of 10 CFR 20.101, Para-1 graph (b) pemits a licensee, under certain conditions, to allow a l

worker to receive a whole body dose of 3 rems per calendar quarter (or12remsannually). The conditions are that (1) the licensee must have determined and recorded the worker's accumulated occupational dose to the whole body and that (2) the worker's whole body dose does not exceed 5(N-18) rems where "N" equals the indivi-dual's age in years.

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Figure 1 DISTRIBUTION OF AWSL WiOEE BODY EXPOSURES REPORTED BY CCVERED LICEM5EES-1975 (evemi Otr a tes Esposure Raeges (Rem) of MC Tetal NJ.

Less thaa Meas *ble 0.10 3.25 0.50 0.75 L t :~,st es Penttered Measurable 4 0.10 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 e'. S 9-10 10-11 11-12 > -12 i

rewer sca:ters 5476J 26729 10606 4081 2943 1778 1384 3932 1873 692 424 159 60 24 2

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Int.-trial R+dic ;r erey 9173 4435 1811 813 614 346 263 533 171 64 35 21 8 1

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I' One can see that more than 95% of the exposures have consistently o

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rems. Annual exposures that exceed 12 rems indicate that an over-exposure has occurred; however, not all overexposures must exceed 12

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c' rems in order for them to be reported. A discussion of various types t"

of overexposures that have occurred is given in Sec,lon III.

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FIGURE 2

SUMMARY

OF ANNUAL E.0LE BODY EXPOSURES 3

FOR COVERED LICENSEES 4

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1968 - 1975 1

Total Nt r

Percent of Number of Annual.

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Year Monitort:u Exposurcs (2 Rems Exposures >12 Rems j

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1968 36,836 97.2%

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1969 31,176 96.5%

7 1970 36,164 96,1%

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1971 36,311 95.3%

1 1972 44,690 95.7%

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1973 67,852 95.0%

i 1974 35,097 96.4%

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1975 78,713 94.8%

1 Man-rems per Catecon The statistical data contained in tie annual reports required by 10 CFR 20.407 pernit an estimate of the nunber of man-rets accuma-5 l

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lated by the four covered categories to be made. This was done by taking each licensee's annual report and suosing the products obtained by multiplying the numbers of individuals in each of the exposure ranges (shown in Figure 1) by the midpoint exposure of each range. These nutbers developed for each licensee in the four categories were tleen totaled to yield the information shown in Figure 3.

Also shown are two values indicating the average annual exposure per individua!. The lower values were obtained by dividing the total nu:ber of can-rems by the total number of individuals nonitored and the higher values were obtained by dividing the sate total number of man-rees by the number of those individuait reported as having received a ceasurable exposure. In most cases it is

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thought that this latter average is the better value to be used for radiation workers because the minimal exposures of many individuals who are conitored for convenien:e or identification are deleted. In 1975 the average expo ure for workers ecployed by litersees in three of the four categories increascd slightly fron last year's values as did the overall average. However, the averages consistently remain less than one res, t ; censed Power R. actor Tzcilities F4f.y,crcent or ~;re of the 'ndividuals ar.r.; ally reported as teing ro,c;cred euring the last fcur years h1ve beca e ploy (j at nucle:r powar facilitics. There is now e parate cablication. "Cccupational Radiaticr. Lirosures a' '. v ' K'ater Cooled Fc+er Reacters, 1959-1975',

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"AN.PEMS ACCLMJLATED BY CATTGORIES OF COVER G LICE 15EE5 Cc e ed Average Exposure Average Exposure

!a tapries Neder of Tctal f:o.

No. Individaals (Rems) Fer (Rems) Per c f v r.

Calerdar Licensees Individuals With Meastrable Total fro.

Individual (Based Individual (BasM en L$2r*res fear Fer Catmory Monitored _

Ctresure Man-rems on All [nposures) Nessurable f arosures)

(~r e rc ial 1975 54 54.763 2e.034 21.273 0.39 0.76 r.*r ;*ectors

?*74 53 62.044 21.914 14.073 0.23 0.64 e

1971 41 44.745 IE.553 14.337 0.32 0.87

.rca tr'a1 1975 291 9.17a 4.693 2.79f C4.33 0.60 r3ec;rgAj 1974 319 s,792 4,943 2,933 u.33 0.59 1973 341 8.2C6 5.32 3 3.354 0.41 0.63 F,e1 Processie9 1975 23 11.405 1.495 3.125 0.27 0.56 p_1 T. t e k s t ion 1974 25 11.921 4.617 2.739 0.25 0.59 1973 27 10.610 5.055 2.400 0.23 0.47 rmu s. ten c 4 1975 19

3. M I.859 1.188 0.35 0.63

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3. M0 1.P77 1.050 C.31 0.57 t,,-c u t l'J F 3 34 4.251 1.925 1.177 0.28 0.61

%'e. *a l Total' and 1975 387 73.713 41.081 28.379 0.36 0.71 cver311 1974 421 85.097 33.t91 20.810 0.24 0.63 Asera;as 1973 443 67.852 28.867 21.263 0.31 0.74 I

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NJREG-0109, that contains a more detailed analysis of the annual personnel exposures sutnitted by power reactors pursuant to 10 CFR f

20.407 and Regulatory Guide 1.16. A b-f ef swanary of the annual data submitted during the last seven years and of a portion of the infor-j mation found in MJREG-0109 is presented in Figure 4 and Figure 5.

7 FIGURE 4 SUMARY OF A'iKJAL EXPOSURES REFORTED Bf MJCLEAR POWER FACILITIES 1969 - 1975 l

Number of Operating--

Total Number Percent of Year Facilities Monitored Exposures (2 Rems f

l 1969 14 6.332 66.2, 10~ 0 20 12.042 83.6%

1971 23 14,516 90.1%

1972 30 21,283 94.3%

1 r

1973-41 44,735 94,0%

1974 53 62,044 96.5%

1975 54 54,763 94.1%

figure 4 ilbstrates the growth in the number of oper: ting power reacters and the correspor6 ng increase in the number of individuals

.f nonitored by these facilities during the last seven years. The decrease in the number of individuais ronitored in 1975 from the number nonitored in 1974 was prirarily due ta a significant drop in i

j tne number of individuals who were reported as having b.. than ceas-l l

urable exposure. These are usually individuals who are ronitored while tcaring or visiting nuclea p uer facilities for short periods 5

1 l

L p-y

p I

e t

+

I of time. As can be seen from Figure 3, this is further eviden;ed by f

{

an increase in the reported number of individuals who were monitored i

and found to have measura~ ole exposures and by the corresponding

{

increase in the number of man-re:s.

figure 5 provides an indication of the distribution of the cumulative doses (man-rems) among the majcr work functions of the workers at power reactor facilities during the last two years. Routine maint-enance continues to be the major contributor.

FIGURE 5 MAN-REMS PER WORK FUNCTION Work function Percent of Cumulative Dose 1974

.975 Reactor Operations 14.0%

10.8%

and Surveillance Routine Maintenance 45.4%

52.6%

Inservice Inspection 2.7%

3.0%

Special Maintenance 20.4%

19.0%

Waste Processing 3.5%

6.9%

Refueling 14.0%

7.7%

9

.. ~.. - - -. -..--.-- -.----

I'

. - - ~..

. - ~. - -

. _... _...... i; i

II. TERMINATIONS - 10 CFR 20.408 Teminations - 1975 i

During 1975 some 30,133 reports of temination of unployment or work assignment at covered licensed facilities were received which provided personal identification, employment and exposure infomation on a total of 21,601 individuals. Both figures reflect an increase of about 20% over those reported in 1974. The difference in the figures given ter the number of reports and for the number of indivi-1:

duals indicates that about 4,000 reports were received for individuals who terminated employment more than once during the year.

Teminations - 1969-1975 During the years that the repository has been in cperation, some 110,000 reports of teminations have been received from covered licensees. These reports provided infomation for approximately 74,000 individuals. Again the difference in the two figures indi-cates that several thousand individuals have terminated more than once over the years. More than 50% of the temination reports continue to be for indivicuals working at nuclear pcwer facilities, l

Transient Workers Since more than 30% of the temination reports are for individuals whose period of employment was less than 90 days, it would be possible for several thousand individuals to be employed by two or 10 i

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_ _. -. ~. -. _.,.

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more licensees during one quarter. The exposures of these " transient '

workers" (i.e., individuals who began and teminated two or more l

employmentswithdifferentemployerswithinthesamecalendarquarter) are periodically examined to detennine whether or not they are Figure 6 demonstrates that although the number of these i

excessive.

f workers increases every year, the average individual quarterly exposure continues to be less tha'n 20% of the quarterly limit of three rems, t

FIGURE 6

'i i

I TRANSIENT WORKERS 1969-1975 l

_1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Totals Number of Workers Teminating employ-8 28 14 66 154 313 530 1113 ment with Two or More Employers in One Quarter Total Number of 5.4 12.6 2.9 58.2 127.4 160.7 330.8 698.0 Man-rens Average Indivi-dual Quarterly 0.67 0.45 0.20 0.88 0.83 0.51 0.62 0.63 e

Exposure Career Doses Another possibla use of the temination data is to detemine the total whole body dose that a worker might expect to receive during This might be his period of employment in the nucicar industry.

done by suming each individual's periods of employment and each of his corresponding whole body doses to give the cumulative dose that 11 I

I I

e

{

the individual has received during his career. However, it should It be pointed'out that the data are limited in several ways:

l (1) Tennination information is submitted to the repository only for those individuals that are employed by the types of HRC licensees previously described on page 1.

(2)Itisnotalwaysknownwhether l,

the dates given in the tennination reports indicate the individual's complete period of employment or just the period that the worker was monitored while he was assigned to work in radiation areas, However, for the majority of the individuals, the two periods are i

identical.

The temination information submitted by four types of covered i

i licensees (power reactors, fuel fabricators and processors, indus-l trial radiographers and fuel reprocessors) for 51,285 individus1s were examined. The individuals' periods of employment and whole body doses were summed as described above and were broken down into ten ranges of employment periods: 0 - 90 days; 90 days - 1 year; 1 - 2 years; 3 - 4 years 4 - 5 years; 5 - 10 years; 13 - 15 years; 15 - 20 years; greater than 20 years. As can be seen in Appendix A, the whole body doses received by the number of Individuals whose total period of employment fell within these ranges were summed and indicated as total number of man-rems. The division of the number of nan-rens by the total number of individuals employed for that perio; yicided the average dose received by each individual durirg that period. However, as mentioned previously, some of the indivi-duals included in this total figure were nonitored for the sake of 12 I

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convenience. idost of these individuals would have a cumulative dose 5

I I

so small that it would be reported as minimal or zero. -If one sub-5 1

tracts the number of these individuals from the total number of

[

individuals monitored, the number of workers having measurab'ie doses i

i remains. Since these workers are more likely to be routinely I.

einployed' in radiation areas, the average deses shown in Appe, dix A '

i were calculated by dividing the total number of man-rems by the

[

i number of individuals with measurable doses.

Figure 7 graphically displays the average career doses for workers employed by flRC licensed power reactors,-fuel fabricators and pro-cessors, industrial radiographers and fuel.reprocessors. One can see that in every instance, the average dose is less than the 5 rems annual average dose limit specified for radiation workers.

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III. PERSONNEL OVEliEXPOSURES - 10 CFR 20.403 and 10 CFR 20.405 One of the requirements of the above-referenced sections of Part 20,

' Title 10, Chapter 1, Code of Federal Regulations, is that all i

facilities or individuals having radioactive material licensed by the NRC must submit reports of all incidents involving personnel exposures to radiation that exceed certain levels.. Based on the~

magr.itude of the exposure, the reports may be placed into one of

{

three categories:

f A.

10 CFR 20.403(a) - Expasure of the whole body of any individual 1

to 25 rems or more; exposure of the skin of the whole body of 1

any individual to 150 rems or more; or exposure of the extrem-ities (feet, ankles, hands or foreams) of any individual to 375 rems or more. The Comission must be notified imediately of these events.

B.

10 CFR 20.403(b) - Exposure of the whole body of any individual to 5 rems or more; exposure of the skin of the whole body of any individual to 30 rems or more; or exposure of the extremities to 75 rems or more. The Comission must be notified within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> of these events.

C.

10 CFR 20.405 - Exposure of an individual to radiation or conctn-trations cf radioactive material in excess of any applicable limit in Part 20 or in the licensee's license. This includes reports of exposures of the whole body that exceed 1.25 rems, or that exceed 3 rens, as pruiously discussed on page 3.

It also includes exposures of the skin of the whole body that exceed 7.5 l

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j rems and exposures of the extremities that exceed 18.75 rems.

l Reports of exposcres of individuals to concentrations in excess of the levels given in 10 CFR 20, Appendix B, usually fall into this category' These reports must.be sutmitted to the Commission within 30 days of the occurrence.

1 Figure 8 summarizes the personnel overexposures to external sourras of radiation repcrted by Cannission licensees pursuant to 10 CFR

?

20.403 and 20.405 for the years 1971 through 1975. Column 2 of this '

i figure indicates the part of body overexposed; Column 3 indicates i

I the total number of overexposures reported for each part of body-Column 4 indicates a total of all the doses, in rems, reported for each part of the body (the total of the doses to the whole body could be called man-rems); Column 5 breaks down the total number of overexpos' ares and the total of the doses, as shown in the two previous columns, into the number of overexposures and the sum of these doses, shown in Darentheses, reported by various types of licensees. Those types of licensees included in the column "Other" consist primarily of test reactors and research and educational facilities, I

Personnelexposurestoexcessiveconcentrations(usuallyairborne) 4 of radioactive materials are summarized in Figure 9.

Although there are more reports of exposures to excessiv oncentrations than there are reports of overeiposures to external sources, the magnitude of i

the majority of then is ouite small. Less than 5% of these reports 16 A

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i 5;MtMV CF CVERERFOst;RES T3 EXTEMAL SOURCES OF RA0!ATICN 5'so. of Oveces

'InfusUlal pesures andMn'qf the Deses in ad ree licensed Activite fotal of I

3 70;e7 hv7a~chrin9 4 tateedar

• Part of 1otal E. of Doses in e seters Distribotton Pedtral Ot*ee seee co.ev S ere msures p e. s padianc ac%

e 5

13 3

male 43 189.7 20 2 -

(?).4 rems)

(58.4 rems)

(5.2 ress) suey (99.2 rews)

(4.5 rers) 2 j

1971 sh in 2

22.1 (22.1 rems)

E =trer:ity 13 4.681 5

5 3

a (4,444 ie. s )

(1M rem)

(102 wees) 10 whole 47 46E.8 18 16 3

(35.5 rens) fc 3f (372.3 rees)

(49 7 rems)

(6.3 rems) 1 1972 Sh in 1

43.1

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(40.1 rems) 6 2

fetremity 12 10.760 4

(134 reas)

(110 rm

( M M16 rer si h> ole 58 210.3 23 19 2

9 14 (28.1 rems)

(14.3 rees) m Body (101.8 ren)

(61.2 ree )

(4.9 rees) 2 1973 Skin 2

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(23.5 rems) 2 2

l Entre-tty 5

172 1

f t4 rensi ft7 re-s1 f os; --~ 1 hSole 95*

f.000.3 29 43 f>

8 7

Bosy (367.2 rems)

(155.3 rems)

(25.9 rem)

(34.2 rees)

(417.1 rees) 1~

f 1??4 5 sin 1

8.9 (8.9ress) a 6

1 i

tstrerity 7

203 (156 reas)

(22 rems) i i

knoic 31 121.2 11 14 3

2 1

"}

ccey (59.8 rees)

(44.2 rem)

(4.5 rees)

(3.3 rems)

(5.4 rems) 1 1975 Skin 1

8.1 (8.1 re'es) l 4

tntre ity 7

193 2

3 2

(74 reas)

(83reas)

(41 rems)

MTTJ<npos.4G7e reported by one pcwer reactor when there were unar.ticipated d:screpancies between the self-reading and film dosimeters.

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FIGURE 9 SLT.ARY OF EXPOSURES TO EXCESSIVE CONCENTRATIONS I

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Reported by NRC licensees pursuant to 10 CFR20.403 and 20.405 Number of Exposures per Licensed Activity caten ta Nucliden Number of Powr ruel Feb. &

Fuct Manuf. &

Hedical other-i

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' indicat'e that radiation workers were in an at:nosphere'containing.

.= 4

- concentrations of radioactive materials 'or the equivalent of a 1

1 period of time that exceeded the 2000 hours0.0231 days <br />0.556 hours <br />0.00331 weeks <br />7.61e-4 months <br /> per year that a worker'

)j d) could be pemitted to spend f a such an atmosphere.

1 Daring calendar year 1975, there were six overexposures reporte'd to h!

the Consnission that could be placed in Category A or B or that

!I i

could have resulted from the worker being present in an atmosphere il it containin9 the maxieta permissiole concentrations of radioactive.

,4 naterials for a time greater than 2000 hours0.0231 days <br />0.556 hours <br />0.00331 weeks <br />7.61e-4 months <br />. A paragraph suma-izing the circumstances and the results of the Staff's investigations of u.ch of these six incidents is contained in i

- Appendix B.

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r 4B APPEN3!1 f CAREIR D0sts rnQ FADIATION WORttRS TERMINATING DURING l

r THE YEARS 1963-1975 k

l NKt E AR POWER RE ACTORS I

Ninber of Nanber of

' t.i Averaoe Dose (rems) fota, tenqth of Ponitored Individuals M,:.cr for the Perico Inplornent Individuals with **asarable Doses o' Man-rens of Erployment 0 91 9a y.

18.066 10.939 7.219.3 0.67 90 Days - I vr.

7.530 5.2r36 5.282.5 0.99

?

1-2 y's 1.276 1.022 1.552.4 1.52 r

2-1 vrs 325 277 540.3 1.95 l -1 yrs 161 131 392.0 2.06 4-5 yes.

79 65 230.5 3.62 3-10 vrs.

155 137 874.4 6.33 10 15 yrs.

62 52 301.8 5.80 15-29 yrs.

10 10 46.9 4.69 L'

P0 yrs.

70 16 84.0 5.25 3

Tot ils 27.684 17.991 16.529.3

)

W Litt nstD l'.Dus1RI AL RADIOGRAPHHS, r

0-9J Days 1.919 1.333 479.2 0.35 90 itavs - Tyr.

2./bt 2.143 1.697.7 0.79 t-2 yrs.

1.962 1.501 2.157.6 1.44 2-3 yrs 1.279 1.024 1.734.9 1.69 1-4 yrs.

933 7C 3 1.640.6 2.18 c

4-5 yrs.

740 677 1.698.5 2.7)

L.10 yrs.

2.033 1.975 7.169.8 3.63 g

10 15 yrs.

1.622 1.469 6.646.6 4.52 15-19 yrs 429 3S9 2.337.7 6.01 10 vrs.

2, 3.r._

_1_.839 1296.3 2.as Tetals 16.061 13.103 30.850.9 v

a

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(

APPENDIX ~. *;0NT.)

rutt FABRICATORS AND PROCESSORS h

Number of Number of Total Average Dose (rems)

Total length of Monitored Individuals Nurber for the Period te7_l oyrent Individuals with Measurable Doses of Man-rems of Employne-t L

0-90 Days 1,259 538 120.5 0.22 90 Cays - 1 yr.

1.257 1.009 507.7 0.50 1-2 yrs.

735 677 609.0 0.90 2-3 yrs.

431 409 510.2 1.25

~

3-4 yrs.

342 332 372.2 1.12 a

4-5 yrs.

180 174 200.2 1.15 5-10 yrs.

468 438 1.214.7 2.77 10 15 yrs.

262 246 8 06.5 3.28 15-20 yrs.

114 93 319.9 3.26

> 20 yrs, 63 54 257.2 4.76 I

• tals 5.111 3.975 4.918.1

[)EL REPROCESSORS 0-90 Days 1.346 1.315 844.1 0.65

_h 90 Days - 1 yr.

725 724 1.536.6 2.19 1-2 yrs.

134 133 737.2 5.54 2-3 yrs.

71 71 634.6 8.93 3-4 yrs.

34 34 469.9 13.82 29 500.2 17.25 4-5 yrs.

29

' S3 2.254.2 27.16 5-10 yrs.

83 10-15 yrs.

7 7

275.5 39.36 15-70 yrs.

t

> 20 yrs.

Totals 2.429 2.396 7.302.3

[

d

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l 4

f 1

l APPENDIX B i

OVEREXPOSURE SUlHARIES 1975 Radiotherapy Activities - License Number 21-00215-04 While working in the radiotherapy department, an intern at a hospital received a whole body dose of 5.40 rems during the month 1,' Hay. The bulk of the intern's duties involved routine radium implants that would not have contributed more than a few hundred millirems to thfs dose. The only unusual incident that occurred during this time war one in which the intern thought that a radium tube was lost and she searched the entire inventory of radium tubes withcut following proper procedures. Corrective actions included a review of the pro-cedures and handling techniques to be used if a radioactive source is thought to be lost, industrial Radiography - License Number 45-10927-02 On November 11. after completing radiography operations at a field site, a radiographer discovered that his self-reading pocket dosi-meter was offscale. His other required dosimeter, a film badge, was imediately sent to be processed. Ihe film badge indicated that the radiographer may have received a whole body dose of 28 rems.

Investigstions revealed that it would have been possible for the i

radiographer to have received such a dose if the radioactive source had been in certain unshielded positions while lie was handling the 22 l

A c__

......m..

W APPENDIXB(CONT.)

equipment. Evidently the proper methods were not used in performing required surveys. The radiographer was removed from duties in radiation areas for the remainder of the quarter. Extensive medical studies could not detect any abnonmalties and could not confirm or deny that a whole body dose of this magnitude had been incurred.

Corrective actions includeo improvement of the licensee's training and management programs and the licensee's requiring that their radiographers wear audible radiation detection cevices.

Industrial Radiography - License Number 52-13632-01 While conducting radiography operations at a field site a radio-grapher's film dosimeter indicated that he had received a whole body dose of 5.76 rems during the period of February 15 to April 14.

Investigations failed to reveal the exact cause of the overexposure.

The exposure devices were found to be in proper working order and the logs of the daily readings of personnel pocket dosimeters did not support a cumulative exposure of this magnitude, flowever it was assumed that the exposure was the result of infrrctions to the operating safety standards and the fo* lowing corrective measures were implemented. The frequency of processing the film dosimeters was increased from monthly to biweekly and the personnel were required to review the radiation safety procedures.

23 1

. wus l

I APPENDIX B (CONT )

8 Medical Facility - License Number 37-00697-31 f

On December 5 the routine monitoring of nuclear medicine person nel at a hospital revealed that one employee had an elevated thyroid I

i-I burden of iodine 131.

Since none of the other employees were found l

to have fodine burdens and the work area was found to be f

(

4 ree of contamination, the iodine must have been ingested by the individual It is possible that a diagnostic dose of 100 microcuries of liq id l

u i

iodine 131 that had been prepared for a patient who failed to arrive was poured into the individual's coffee.

The resulting thyroid dose was esticated to be 40 rems.A thyroid dose of this magnitude is routinely incurred by individuals und

• going diag o ti ns c procedures and would not be expected to produce any observable i

radiation injury.

The licensee strengthened the internal accounting system for unused patient doses.

Nuclear Power Facili_ty_ - License Number DPR-18 On April 18, while plugging tubes in a steam generator

, an individual was exposed to excessive concentrations of airborne radioacti ve materials.

Although the individual was wearing a supplied air mask and had signed a special wark pemit indicating he underst*

• the requirements for the jcb, he became contaminated with radioactive material.

His contamination was detected when he attempted to exit from the controlled area.

He was imediately decontaminated and scheduled for a whole tocy count to detemine if any of the radi o-24 m._._--

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APPENDIXB(CONT.)

l i :'

active material had become internally deposited. The body count i

1 Ii b

indicated that his exposure would result in a maximum annual dose i

4 to the lungs of 13.5 rems, where the nuclides of cobalt 58, f[

r=

i

[

cobalt 60 and zirconium 95 were the major contributors to the dose.

A lung dose of this magnitude is less than the annual limit promul-l 3

7

[

gated by radiological protection societies and would not be expected L{

. to produce any observable injuries. Corrective actions included the I

implementation of a training program for the use of masks at the f

plant for contractor sployees and the increased supervision of e

contract personnel when they are working in areas of high airborne

{

r activi ty.

f Fuel Processing Operations - License Number SNM-414 While preparing low-level contaminated waste for shipment to a j

burial site, three workers became contaminated with plutonium when.

k they handled an improperly packaged piece of contaminated equipment.

s 1

The workers' external contamination was removed and they were placed j

on a bioassay program to better evaluate their exposures. The results indicated that the workers had been in an environment con-taining the maximum pemissible concentrations of plutonium for the l

equivalent of 2360 hours0.0273 days <br />0.656 hours <br />0.0039 weeks <br />8.9798e-4 months <br /> or less. This slightly exceeds the 2000 hours0.0231 days <br />0.556 hours <br />0.00331 weeks <br />7.61e-4 months <br /> that a worker may be allowed to work in such a concentration I

per year. Conservative dose calculations indicated that the maximum annual dose to the workers' bones and lungs would be about i rem and 25 t

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