ML20117F399
| ML20117F399 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Susquehanna  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1984 |
| From: | Doty R, Fields J, Shank K PENNSYLVANIA POWER & LIGHT CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML17156A226 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8505130227 | |
| Download: ML20117F399 (114) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:-. _-. - - - - - - _ - - - p SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION O UNITS 1 & 2 1984 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT ! (NONRADIOLOGICAL) 9 m - E l o %-) l FACILITY OPERATING LICENSE NO. NPF-14 & NPF-22 l DOCKET NOS. 50-387 & 50-388 prepared by ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP, : NUCLEAR SUPPORT l PENNSYLVANIA POWER and LIGHT CO. 2 N. 9th Street i Allentown, PA 18101 : ! I iO ;
- APRIL 1985 i D DOC 0 87 R PDR
l SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT 1984 Prepared By: ( % y k.f , Date: Y /I/ J. S. Fields s S r Environmental Scientist - Nuclear Reviewed By: uf # Date: #47
'K.' E. Shank /'
Environmental Group Supervisor - Nuclear
/
Approved By: i .0 QA ol , Date: Ic' hI R. L. Doty Radiological & Environmental Services Supervisor O .
-p FOREWORD-d The Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Susquehanna SES) consists of two boil-ing water reactors, each with a net electrical generating capacity of 1,050 megawatts. The site of approximately 1,300 acres is located in Salem Town-ship, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, approximately five miles northeast of Berwick, Pa. Under terms of an agreement finalized in January, 1978, 90% of the Susquehanna SES is owned by the Pennsylvania Power and Light Company (Licensee).and 10% by Allegheny Electric Cooperative, Inc.
The 1984 Annual Environmental Operating Keport f.r.onradiological) for Units 1 and 2 describes-the programs necessary to meet requirements of Section 2F of the Operating License, Protection of the Environment, and Appendix B, Environ-mental Protection Plan, as well as requirements of the Final Environmental Statement related to operation (NUREG-0564), June, 1981. Also, the Operating License, Appendix A, Technical Specifications requires an Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report. j-~g Jerome S. Fields () Senior Environmental Scientist-Nuclear O 9 1
.T. _A _B _L _E _O _F _C _0 _N _T _E _N _T _S SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT 1984 SECTION TITLE PAGE NO.
Foreword .............................................. 1 Table of Contents ..................................... 11 1.0 Objectives ............................................ 1-1 2.0 Environmental Issues .................................. 2-1 2.1 Aquatic Issues ........................................ 2-1 2.2 Terrestrial Issues .................................... 2-2 2.2.1 Monitoring Bird Impaction on Cooling Towers ........... 2-2 2.2.2 Operational Sound Level Survey ........................ 2-2 g-s 2.2.3 Maintenance of Transmission Line Corridors ............ 2-2 q ) 2.3 Cultural Resources Issues ............................. 2-3 3.0 Consistency Requirements .............................. 3-1 3.1 Plant Design and Operation ............................ 3-1 3.2 Reporting Related to NPDES Permits and State Certifications ......................,........... 3-2 3.3 Changes Required for Compliance with Other Environmental Regulations ............................. 3-2 4.0 Environmental Conditions .............................. 4-1 4.1 Unusual or Important Environmental Events ............. 4-1 4.2 Environmental Monitoring .............................. 4-1 4.2.1 General Monitoring for Bird Impaction ................. 4-1 4.2.2 Maintenance of Transmission Line Corridors ............ 4-3 4.2.3 Sound Level Survey .................................... 4-5 (
-' 4.2.4 Cultural Resources .................................... 4-5 I 11 L
IAlk! 21 EREIEEli n) SECTION TITLE PAGE NO. 4.2.5 Aquatic Programs ...................................... 4-5 5.0 Administrative Procedures ............................. 5-1 5.1' Review and Audit ...................................... 5-1 5.2 Records Retention ..................................... 5-1 5.3 Changes in Environmental Protection Plan .............. . 5-1 5.4 Plant Reporting Requirements .......................... 5-1 5.4.1 Routine Reports ....................................... 5-1 5.4.2 Nonroutine Reports .................................... 5-2 Exhibits 1 American Shad Impingement Survey Results ..............
- () 2 Sound Level Measurements Near Susquehanna SES Operation, 1984 .......................................
lO I l l , iii L.
p' T,A,B,h { S, V Number Title 4.2-1 Species of Birds Collected at the Unit I and 2 Cooling Towers, 1978-84 4.2-2 Bird Impaction Totals from Unit 1 and 2 Cooling Towers, 19 March-8 June 1984 4.2-3 Bird Impaction Totals from Unit 1 and 2 Cooling Towers, 20 August-9 November 1984 4.2-4 Maintenance of Corridors - Manual (Sheets 1-7) 4.2-5 Mean Density of Periphytic Algae at SSES, 1984 4.2-6 Mean Density of Periphytic Algae at Bell Bend, 1984 4.2-7 Species of Periphytic Algae at SSES and Bell Bend, 1984 4.2-8 Density of Phytoplankton at SSES, 1984 4.2-9 Density of Phytoplankton at Bell Bend, 1984 () 4.2-10 Species of Phytoplankton at SSES and Bell Bend, 1984 4.2-11 Description of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Sites, 1984 4.2-12 Density and Percent Total of Benthic Macroinvertebrates at Each Station, 1984 4.2-13 Mean Density of Benthic Macroinvertebrates at Each Station, 1978-84 4.2-14 Mean Density and Percent Total of Benthic Macroinvertebrates at Each Site, 1984 4.2-15 Benthic Macroinvertebrates Collected at SSES and Bell Bend, 1975-84 4.2-16 Dry Weight and Percent Total of Benthic Macroinvertebrates at Each Station, 1984 4.2-17 Mean Dry Weight of Benthic Macroinvertebrates at Each Station, 1978-84 > ( IV
_F _I _G _U _R _E _S Number Title 4.2-1 Algae and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling $1tes, 1984 4.2-2 Total Number of Impacted Birds at Unit 1 and 2 Cooling Towers, 1978-84
'4.2-3 Standing Crop of Periphytic Algae at SSES and Bell Bend, 1977-84 4.2-4 Standing Crop of Phytoplankton at SSES and Bell Bend, 1977-84 4.2-5 Annual Mean Biomass and Density of Benthic Macroinvertebrates at SSES and Bell Bend, 1976-84 4.2-6 Annual Mean Density of Benthic Macroinvertebrates at SSES and Bell Bend, 1975-84 4.2-7 Dendrogram for 1984 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data 5.1-l' Auditing Organizational Chart O
A V
l l 7-s 1.9 OBJECTIVES U The Licensee submitted an Environmental Report--Operating License Stage for the Susquehanna SES to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in May, 1978. This report reviewed the results of the preoperational impacts of construction, preoperational and proposed operational environ-mental monitoring programs. The NRC and other agencies reviewed this report and made recommendations for operational environmental monitoring programs which were listed in the Final Environmental Statement (FES) related to the operation of the_Susquehanna SES, Units 1 and 2, NUREG-0564, June, 1981. In addition, the Licensee has developed procedures and guidelines to assure that operation of the Susquehanna SES does not adversely affect the environment in the vicinity of the station. The Licensee has developed procedures for environmental responsibilities and interfaces necessary in monitoring environmental impacts. This includes coordination of NRC requirements and consistency with other federal, state and local requirements for environmental protection. To keep the NRC informed of other agency activities, the NRC is being . provided copies of environmental correspondance. In addition, this 1984 Annual Environmental Operating Report provides a summary of both opera-tional environmental programs and procedures as required in the FES and
. Appendix B, Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) of the Operating License, No. NPF-14 (Ref. 1.1-1) and NPF-22 (Ref. 1.1-2) .
g3 This 1984 report is the third Annual Environmental Operating Report ( ,) submitted to meet EPP requirements. The 1983 report was submitted to the
'^
NRC in April, 1984 (Ref. 1.1-3). 1-1
REFERENCES 9 1.1-1 Facility Operating License No. NPF-14, Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Unit 1, Appendix B, Environmental Protection Plan (Non-Radiological), July 17, 1982. 1.1-2 Facility Operating License No. NPF-22, Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Unit 2, Appendix B Environmental Protection Plan (Non-Radiological), March 23, 1984. 1.1-3 Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Unit 1, 1983 Annual Environmental Operating Report (nonradiological), Pennsylvania Power and Light Co., Allentown, PA, April, 1984. O l O l-2
l l l 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES n 2.1 ' AQUATIC ISSUES The aquatic monitoring program for the operation of the Susquehanna SES is divided into two phases. Phase 1 includes effluent monitoring required-by two National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PA DER). Monthly dis-charge monitoring reports are submitted to the PA DER as part of the permit-ting requirements. The two permits are the Sewage Treatment Plant NPDES permit No. PA0027448, dated September.14, 1982, and the station operational NPDES permit No. PA0047325 dated July 31, 1979. These two permits were combined into one permit in early 1985. Phase 2 of the aquatic monitoring program deals with programs listed in the FES involving aquatic environmental biological monitoring. The PA DER, in Phase 1, is responsible for issuing water quality permits for the Susquehanna SES. The NPDES permit No. PA0027448 deals with discharge parameters for the Susquehanna SES sewage treatment plant. These parameters include the following: Flow Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD-5) Total suspended solids Fecal coliforms (g PH l "'
! Chlorine residual (Free available chlorine)
Percentage removal of total suspended solids Percentage removal of BOD-5 The second NPDES permit No. PA0047325 deals with operational discharges from the station. This includes the cooling tower blowdown to the Susquehanna River and also various sumps and drains that discharge through storm sewers into Lake Took-a-while, the recreation pond, and finally into the River. Parameters monitored for this permit include the following: Free available chlorine Total suspended solids Total iron Oil and grease Flow PH Part C of this permit includes additional parameters to be monitored such as 316(b) impingement and entrainment and chlorination of the cooling water system. The impingement and entrainment requirements were completed in 1982. Phase 2 of aquatic monitoring programs required by the NRC in the operating license and FES for the Susquehanna SES includes monitoring algae and benthic macroinvertebrates, both above the intake and below the discharge. This information is summarized in Section 4.2.5 of this report. 1% U 2-1
An impingement study for American Shad was undertaken in 1984 in response to a request by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Commission. This study meets require-ments of Section 5.3.4, Aquatic Monitoring of the Final Environmental Statement (Ref. 2.1-1). The Susquehanna River Anadromous Fish Restoration Committee of which the Licensee is a member, reintroduced American Shad to the Susquehanna River during 1984. Prespawned adults were collected from the Hudson and Connecticut Rivers in May, 1984, and approximately 4,700 were transported to the upper Susquehanna River (Ref . 2.1-2) . Between August 22 and October 14, the Licensees' biologi-cal consultant Ichthyological Associates, Inc., monitored fish impingement on the station intake screens. No juvenile shad were collected on the screens during 1984 (Exhibit 1). 2.2 TERRESTRIAL ISSUES 2.2.1 MONITORING BIRD IMPACTION ON COOLING TOWERS Systematic searches were conducted by Ichthyological Associates for inpacted birds at the Unit 1 and 2 cooling towers of the Susquehanna SES in 1984 during spring and autumn migrations. A total of 24 birds of at least 11 species was collected; 11 birds were found in the spring and 13 in the autumn. Almost all impacted birds were small passerines known to be nocturnal migrants. Typically, spring impactions were associated with the passage of warm fronts and autumn impactions with the passage of cold fronts. Almost all impactions occurred when at least one of the cooling towers was operational. Fewer impacted birds were collected in 1984 than in previous years, but it is uncertain if this was g due to operation of the cooling towers or other factors. T 2.2.2 OPERATIONAL SOUND LEVEL SURVEY An environmental sound survey was conducted in September, 1984, by Bolt, Beranek and Newman. Both daytime and nighttime measurements were taken in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES. Exhibit 2, Sound Level Measurements Near Susquehanna SES, Operation 1984, discusses the program and gives results. In addition, Section 4.2.3, Sound Level Survey lists sound survey parameters. 2.2.3 MAINTENANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINE CORRIDORS The maintenance program for transmission line corridors for the Susquehanna SES is discussed in detail in Subsection 4.2.2 of this report. During 1984, there was maintenance of transmission line corridors by manual clearing. There was no selective herbicide application in 1984. The terrestrial moni-toring program for the Susquehanna transmission lines was initiated in response to requirements in Section 5.3.5 of the FES. The three transmission lines associated with the Susquehanna SES are the Stanton-Susquehanna No. 2 500 kV Line, Sunbury-Susquehanna No. 2 500 kV Line and the Susquehanna-Wescosville 500 kV Line. Originally, the Susquehanna-Wescosville 500 kV Line was called the Susquehanna-Siegfried Line. These lines may be operated at either 230 kV or 500 kV. After their construction, areas around the transmission structures and along access roads were seeded and regraded to prevent soil erosion. The schedule llll 2-2
~
for conducting periodic erosion control inspections of these lines and access (#)
'~
roads is based on the age of the line. During the first five years, heli-copter patrols will be conducted three times a year. Thereafter, foot-patrols will be conducted every two years and overhead patrols conducted every five years. The dates of patrols and the information collected are logged and recorded by the Licensee, which is responsible for this activity. An audit of the transmission lines in 1984 indicated that there was some erosion along the Stanton-Susquehanna No. 2 500 kV line at a former generating station ash basin. This area will be stabilized in 1985. 2.3 CULTURAL RESOURCES ISSUES In accordance with Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 800, Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties, the Licensee has taken efforts to miti-gate any impacts from either plant construction or operation to sites eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places. A mitigation plan for the four sites (Site SES-3, Site SES-6, Site SES-8, and Site SES-11) was completed in 1983 (Ref. 1.1-3). o l'3 U 2-3
REFERENCES O 2.1-1 Final Environmental Statement related to the operation of Susque-hanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2, Docket Nos. 50-387 and 50-388, Pennsylvania Power and Light Co. and Allegheny Electric Cooperative, Inc., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, June, 1981. 2.1-2 Restoration of American Shad to the Susquehanna River, Annual Progress Report - 1984, Susquehanna River Anadromous Fish Restora-tion Committee, January, 1985. O l l G l l 2-4
,m. 3.0 CONSISTENCY REQUIREMENTS i 3.1 PLANT DESIGN AND OPERATION In accordance with the EPP, the Licensee has prepared and recorded an envi-ronmental evaluation of any proposed change in plant design or operation or performance of any test or experiment which may significantly affect the environment. Activities which do not affect the environment are not included in this environmental report. Activities which concern (1) a significant increase in any adverse environ-mental impact previously evaluated by the NRC or Atomic Safety & Licensing Board, (2) a significant change in effluents or power level or (3) a matter not previously evaluated which may have a significant adverse environmental impact, shall be deemed to involve an unreviewed environmental question. For such activities, the Licensee shall provide a uritten evaluation of the activity and obtain prior approval from the Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. The Licensee has developed a Nuclear Department Instruction procedure to evaluate unreviewed environmental questions. If it is determined that a particular action will meet any of the three NRC criteria for an unreviewed environmental question, the NRC will be notified. If the change, test or experiment does not meet any of these criteria, the Licensee will provide an environmental approval to the group requesting the action. T During the operation of the Susquehanna SES in 1984, there were five actions (J \- that the Licensee reviewed as part of its unreviewed environmental questions program. These five actions were as follows:
- 1. New Diesel Generator Building Construction and Waste Site 1 (Construction).
- 2. Dye Study of the Susquehanna River.
- 3. Demolition of Houseo at the Susquehanna SES.
4 Waste Disposal Sites 2 and 3 (Construction).
- 5. Vegetation Management Specification (Update).
These activities were determined not to be an unreviewed environmental ques-tion since there was not a significant environmental impact associated with them. Records of environmental evaluations are maintained by the Licensee in the Susquehanna Records Management System. These records include brief descrip-tions, analyses, interpretations, and evaluations of the changes, tests and experiments. / U> 3-1
3.2 REPORTING RELATED TO NPDES PERMITS & STATE CERTIFICATIONS Violations of NPDES Permits have been reported to the NRC by submittal of O reports required by the NPDES Permits. It should be noted that Pennsylvania is a NPDES Permitting agreement State with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and State Certification pursuant to Section 401 of the Clean Water Act is not required. All changes to the operational NPDES Permit No. PA0047325 or application for renewals have been submitted to the NRC within the required 30-day period. 3.3 CHANGES REQUIRED FOR COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS During 1984, the only change in plant design or operation and performance tests or experiments was approval to construct and/or operate air contamina-tion sources or air cleaning devices. The Pennsylvania Department of Environ-mental Resources approved the following permits: o Operating Permit - Permit No. 40-311-012, Concrete Batch Plant, issued June 13, 1984, expires August 31, 1989. o Operating Permit - Permit No. 40-306-005, Four Diesel Gcnerators, issued June 13, 1984, expires August 31, 1989. O O 3-2
n 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
! I i 4.1 UNUSUAL OR IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS During 1984, there were no unusual or important events that resulted in significant environmental impacts from Susquehanna SES operation.
4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 4.2.1 GENERAL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR BIRD IMPACTION Preoperational studies of bird impaction were conducted during spring and autumn migrations at the Unit I cooling tower since autumn 1978 and at the Unit 2 cooling tower since spring 1981. These studies (Refs. 4.2-1 through 4.2-5) provided data on bird mortality during tower construction. Operational studies were begun in the autumn of 1982 and continued in 1983 (Refs. 4.2-5 and 4.2-6). The basic objective of the operational studies is to monitor and to evaluate bird impaction mortality'during operation of the cooling towers. Collections of impacted birds were made at the Unit 1 and 2 cooling towers during 1984 spring and autumn migrations. Each hyperbolic natural draft tower is 165 m tall with diameters at the base, throat, and top of 128 m, 86 m, and 92 m,-respectively. Both towers are illuminated with five, 480-volt aircraft warning strobe lights on the top and seven, 480-volt high-intensity mercury vapor lamps around the lintel, about 12 m above ground level. The strobe lights were installed immediately upon completion of each tower. The towers (7 w) are about 100 m apart and aligned south to north with Unit 1 the more northerly (Fig. 4.2-1). They are located approximately 1,400 m west of the Susquehanna River and 650 m south of a ridge which extends east and west along the site boundary. The top of the Unit 1 tower is 381 m above mean sea level, 6 m higher than the Unit 2 tower (375 m). Within 1 km of the towers, ground elevations vary from 160 m above mean sea level near the river to 326 m on the ridge. Both towers exceed the highest point on the ridge by at least 49 m. Systematic searches for impacted birds were usually begun prior to 0900 h on weekdays, excluding holidays, from March 19 through June 8 and from August 20 through November 9. Each search included the tower base, cold water outlet, basin interior, and an area extending at least 10 m out from the base. Impacted birds were tagged to record date and point of discovery. Floating specimens were collected with a dip net and those impinged on the trash screens were removed with a rake. Birds were usually identified in the laboratory with the aid of keys detailed in Reference 4.2-6. Bird nomencla-ture follows the revised American Ornithologists' Union Checklist (Ref. 4.2-7). Impacted species were checked against the federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants (Ref. 4.2-8) and the Pennsylvania Game Commission Wildlife Classification (Ref. 4.2-9). An attempt was made to collect all impacted birds during each search; however, some specimens recovered from the turbulent, discolored water in the cooling tower basins were impacted one or more days before collection. All data were, therefore, tabulated in 5-day groups to reduce day-to-day carryover of impacted birds. n 4-1
Weather conditions were noted daily at the Susquehanna SES site. These notes were augmented with data recorded at the Biological Laboratory, at the Susque-hanna SES Meteorological Tower, at Avoca, Pennsylvania by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Ref. 4.2-10), and at locations in eastern Pennsylvania by Weather Services Corporation. Barometric pressure was moni-tored constantly at the Biological Laboratory with a Taylor Weather-Hawk Stormscope Barometer adjusted to equivalent sea level pressure. In 1984, 24 birds of at least 11 species were collected during systematic searches for impacted birds at Unit 1 and 2 cooling towers of the Susquehanna SES. Since September 1, 1978, 1,431 birds of at least 63 species (Table 4.2-1) have been collected at the towers. During spring migration in 1984, 11 birds of eight species were collected from March 19 through June 8 (Table 4.2-2); one specimen was found at the Unit 1 tower and 10 specimens at the Unit 2 tower. During autumn migration, 13 birds of at least 7 species were collected from August 20 through November 9 (Table 4.2-3); nine specimens were found at the Unit 1 tower and four specimens at the Unit 2 tower. In addition to these birds, three bats were collected. A big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) and a little brown myotis (Mvotis lucifugus) were found at the Unit 2 tower in the spring and a little brown myotis was found in the autumn at the Unit 1 tower (Ref. 4.2-11 and 4.2-12). Almost all bird species were small passerines known to be nocturnal migrants (Ref. 4.2-13). Mest of these birds migrate long distances to wintering grounds in the American tropics. The three most commonly collected species were the red-eyed vireo (5), the Blackburnian warbler (4), and the common yellowthroat (4). Together they composed 54% of the birds collected. A Cooper's hawk, a Pennsylvania " species of concern" (Ref. 4.2-9) was found on April 4, 1984, in the water of the Unit 2 cooling tower basin adjacent to an impacted rock dove (pigeon). Both birds had large cranial bruises with crown feathers missing indicating that they probably impacted head-on into the tower during a high-speed pursuit of the pigeon by the Ccoper's hawk. No federally listed threatened or endangered species were collected in 1984, nor have any been found since the study began in 1978. The total number of spring impactions was less in 1984 than in any previous year (Fig. 4.2-2). No more than three birds were collected on any morning and no more than three specimens were found of any species. Most spring impac-tions were associated with warm fronts entering Pennsylvania from the west or south. In spring, the northern movement of birds often follows a warm front when warm moist air flows from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean accompanied by a falling barometer (Ref. 4.2-14). All spring impactions occurred when only the Unit 1 tower was operating with a visible plume. Fewer birds impacted on the cooling towers in the autumn of 1984 than in any previous year (Fig. 4.2-2). No more than four specimens were collected on any of the nine days birds were found. This contrasts markedly with the large daily collections of 79 and 81 birds made in 1981 (Ref. 4.2-4) or 26 and 34 birds in 1982 (Ref. 4.2-4). But similar to past years, most autumn impactions were associated with the passage of cold frcats moving through Pennsylvania from the northwest. South-bound migration is heaviest in this region during cold front movement (Ref. 4.2.-14). All but one of the autumn impactions at the Unit 1 tower occurred when the tower was functional, but three of the four llh 4-2 l
impactions at the Unit 2 tower apparently occurred when it was not creating a () Plume. The low numbers of bird.impactions in the autumns of 1983 and 1984 occurred when at least one of the towers was operating throughout most of the migration season. At least three factors associated with operation may warn approaching birds of the towers: 1) visible plume. 2) air turbulence, and 3) noise. The plume can be several hundred meters in length and is well-illuminated by aircraft warning lights which make it visible at the high altitudes where migrant birds usually fly. Wind currents and the resulting air turbulence caused by the operation of a natural draft tower probably make flight diffi-cult for lightweight birds and may discourage them from flying too close. Generally, noise levels near an operating medium or large cooling tower range from 80 to 90 dBA and are caused principally by the resonance of air drafts and waterfalls in the tower (Ref. 4.2-15). This broad-band low-f.requency noise is within the hearing range of most birds (Ref. 4.2-13) and may alert them to the presence of the towers. The cooling tower lights may attract night-flying birds to the towers, but apparently not from great distances. Night-flying birds are sometimes attrac-ted to, then blinded by, bright lights, accounting for impactions on tall buildings (Ref. 4.2-14). When cloud ceiling is low and birds tend to fly below the clouds at low altitudes, nocturnal migrants are confused by tower lights (Ref. 4.2-16). However, it seems that the direction of movement by nocturnally migrant birds flying at higher altitudes is not overtly affected by nuclear power plant lights and the birds are not drawn to operating towers (\ from great distances (Ref. 4.2-17). O Although at this point, it might be concluded that operation of the cooling towers deters bird impaction; the number of impactions recorded during the preoperational phase showed high variability, and operational phase data may eventually demonstrate a similar pattern. Furthermore, this variability may be caused by factors not associated with tower operation. For example, fewer bird impactions may have occurred in the autumns of 1983 and 1984 because of the lack of strong cold fronts normally associated with waves of nocturnal migrants. Limited additional data collection is planned, particularly when both towers are commercially operational before any conclusions are made about the effect of tower operation on bird mortality. 4.2.2 MAINTENANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINE CORRIDORS 4.2.2.1 HERBICIDES USED All herbicides utilized to control incompatible vegetation within the trans-mission line corridors from Susquehanna SES conform to approved uses as registered by the Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, major manu-facturers or formulators all have had these products registered for distribu-tion by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania under the authority of the Pennsyl-vania Pesticide Control Act of 1973. The following is a list of the approved herbicides specified for use in the r~-) Licensee's programs. All are applied within the instructions designated on (_/ the label. 4-3
EPA Commercial Active Registration g Name Ingredient (s) Number T Krenite Fosamine 352-376 Krenite S Fosamine 352-395 Tordon 101 2,4-D Picloram 464-306 Garlon 3A Triclopyr 464-546 Garlon 4 Triclopyr 464-554 Additional herbicides may be added to this list in the future depending on new technology and/or other a~dvancements in the state of the art. All herbicides will have an approved EPA registration number. 4.2.2.2 RECORDS Records are maintained for a period of at least 5 years in the appropriate Division Offices of the Licensee. These include the following:
- 1. Copies of labels of specified herbicides which designate commercial names, active ingredients, rates of applica-tion, warnings, storage and handling.
- 2. Concentrations of active ingredient formulations diluted h for field use.
- 3. Diluting substances (carriers).
- 4. Rates of application.
- 5. Methods of application.
- 6. Locations and dates of application.
4.2.2.3 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE REPORTED A. Selective Herbicide Applications There was no heribicide application for vegetation control along the transmission corridors in 1984. B. Vegetation Maintenance by Manual Methods Table 4.2-4, Sheets 1-7, summarizes vegetation maintenance activities other than the utilizati.on of herbicides. The four types of manual methods used in 1984 are as follows: O 4-4
m-. . - 7z
,s- 1. Selective'Reclearing - utilized to manually cut
() incompatible vegetatiog where herbicide applications are restricted.
- 2. Danger Tree Removals - cutting those trees outside of the cleared right-of-way which are of such a height and position that they create a potentially hazardous condition which could interrupt the line.
O' ' 3. Side-Trimming - trimming of trees on the edge of the right-of-way which through yearly growth encroach on the line conductors.
- 4. Screen Trimming - trimming of trees left intentionally on the right-of-way for aesthetic purpdses or other-wise to maintain safe clearances to the line conductors.
4.2.3 SOUND LEVEL SURVEY An environmental sound survey was conducted in September, 1984 Sound' Level Measurements Near Susquehanna SES Operation 1984, Exhibit 2 was prepared by Bolt, Beranek & Newman. It includes the following information:
- 1. Existing on-site and nearby off-site sources and barriers,
2. Noise sensitive land uses in site vicinity.
- 3. Daytime an,d nighttime measurements, 9 4 Equipment selection and dates of calibration,
- 5. Background and intrusion sound levels measured,
- 6. Description of pure tones included in this 1984 survey.
4.2.4 CULTURAL RESOURCES f The Licensee submitted'a mitigation plan for four historic sites (Site SES-3, Site SES-6, Site SES-8 and SES-11) in the 1983 Annual Environmental Operating , g Report (Ref. 1.1-3).. This plan was approved by the Pennsylvania State ' Historic Preservation Offices and, therefore, this EPP requirement has been completed. 4 d 4.2.5 AQUATIC PROGRAMS f_ 4.2.5.1 ALGAE . The basic objective in 1984, as it has been since F.ibruary 1977, was to describe seasonal' changes in the periphyton and phytoplankton communities at two sites (Fig. 4.2-1) near the Susquehanna SES (data collected prior to September 1, 1982 are considered "preoperational" and data since that date are
'/~T " operational"). One sampling site (SSES) was 460 m upriver from the Susque-
,a h l hanna SES intake structure and 135 m from the west bank; the other site (Bell 6 Bend) was 400 m downriver from the discharg'e diffuser and 30 m from the west
'^ bank. -
4-5
~__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - - -
r Periphyton substrates consisted of 8 sandblasted plates of clear acrylic (22 x 30 cm) in " detritus-free" holders similar to those of Gale et al. (Ref. 4.2-18). Two holders with four plates each were placed on the river bottom at each site near the main channel, where water depth ranged at SSES in 1984 from 1.9 to 8.9 m. From April through October 1984, two plates were sampled bimonthly at each site. Each plate was exposed to colonization for 12 months. Three replicate samples were taken from each plate by a scuba diver using a bar-clamp sampler (Ref. 4.2-19). Sampled plates were replaced with clean plates to be sampled later. The schedule for plate removal was a continuation of a plan established in 1977 by random selection. The 415 mm 2 area of the plate delimited by each bar-clamp sampler was cleaned by scraping and vibration (Ref. 4.2-19) with an ultrasonic dental cleaning probe for 10 minutes. Dislodged cells were carried to a collection jar by water sprayed inside the collecting cup through the cleaning probe. As a result, loosened cells were not subjected to unnecessary vibration. Vibration may have destroyed some cells, but Gale (Ref. 4.2-19) reported that more cells per unit area were obtained by scraping and vibration than by scraping and brushing. Samples (250 ml) were preserved with formalin and, after settling 10 days, were concentrated to 50 ml by siphoning. One half of the concentrate was sent to Dr. Rex L. Lowe, Department of Biology, Bowling Green State University, Eowling Green, Ohio, for identification and enumeration of algae. The other half of the concentrate was placed in our reference collection to be retained for at least 12 months. A 1-liter phytoplankton sample was collected near the river surface at each periphyton sampling site on the same days that periphyton samples were col-lected. After the samples were preserved and allowed to settle for 10 days, the algae in them was concentrated in a similar manner to that used for periphyton samples. The main difference in procedures was that phytoplankton samples, because of their greater initial volume, were siphoned three times instead of once (10 days settling time was allowed between each siphoning). Algal cells in periphyton and phytoplankton samples that contained chloro-plasts were enumerated as " units" (Ref. 4.2-20). In most instances, at least 1,500 units were enumerated and identified in each sample (about 500 per each of 3 subsamples). Extremely low algal densities in some subsamples made it impractical to count 500 units, and fewer were counted. Counts were made using a microscope (430X) and a Palmer counting cell. Higher magnification, including electron microscopy, was used for some identifications. Algae were identified by Dr. Lowe to genus and the more abundant forms to species using keys by Hustedt (Ref. 4.2-21) and Prescott (Ref. 4.2-22). In 1984, a total of 42 genera of algae was collected in 24 samples from acrylic plates upstream from the intake (SSES); 44 genera were found in 24 samples taken downstream from the discharge (Bell Bend). Thirty-six of the genera were found at both sites. None of the 14 genera that occurred at only one site composed more than 1% of the total units counted in any replicate. These data are summarized in Tables 4.2-5 and 4.2-6. At SSES and Bell Bend, 30 species of periphytic algae were identified that composed 5% or more of the total units counted in at least one replicate O 4-6
sample (Table 4.2-7). For the third consecutive year, green algae (Chloro-phyta) was less abundant than it was in 1981 (Fig. 4.2-3), and it was rela-tively less abundant in 1984 (14% of the total standing crop) than it was in 1983, when it composed 50% of the total. The mean standing crop of green algae decreased from 1,400 units /mm2 in 1981 to 600 units /mm2 in 1982 and remained at the same level in 1983. In 1984, there were only 100 units /mm2, One of the main causes of the high standing crop of green algae in 1981 was due to cu unexpected abundance (55% of the total) of Oocystis spp. (primarily O. parva) a species that usually occurs in lakes (Ref. 4.2-22). From 1977 through 1980, 0,. parva composed less than 1% of the total standing crop annually. In 1982, Oocystis spp. remained the most abundant green alga, but composed just 16% of the total algae found. In 1984, as in 1983, the genus once again composed less than 1% of the total standing crop. The most abun-dant species of green algae were Scenedesmus spp. (mostly S_. quadricauda) and Ankistrodesmus spp. (mostly A. falcatus), which composed 7% and 27. of the total standing crop at the two sites combined, respectively. The mean standing crop of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) fluctuated again in 1984 as it has throughouc the study. In 1981, for example, the standing crop was 800 units /mm a
; it increased slightly to 900 units /mm2in 1982 and then 2
decreased to 500 units /nm in 1983. In 1984, diatom density increased to 600 units /mmt . Diatoms were relatively more abundant at SSES in 1984 (86% of the total) than at Bell Bend (76% of the total). Overall, diatoms composed 82% of the total periphyton at the two sites. In 1981, diatoms composed 37% of the total algae collected (Ref. 4.2-23); in 1982, they composed 58% (Ref. 4.2-24), and in 1983, 42% (Ref. 4.2-25). The most abundant forms included Cyclotella spp. and Navicula spp., which each composed 29% and 23% of the total standing crop at the two sites, respectively. Cyclotella spp. was much more abundant at SSES (44%) than at Bell Bend (6%). Navicula spp.,*on the other hand, was much more abundant at Bell Bend (42%) than at SSES (11%). Numbers of blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) decreased from 9% of the total stand-ing crop in 1983 to 4% in 1984. In 1981 and 1982, blue-greens composed less than 1% of the total, r;hizothrix calcicola was the most abundant species in 1984 (Table 4.2-7). Most of the algae found were " clean water" forms and only seven of the 30 abundant species in the samples were among the top 20 species listed by Palmer (Ref. 4.2-26) as being most tolerant of heavy organic pollution. These were Nitzschia palea, N_. acicularis, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Melosira varians, Navicula cryptocephala, and Gomphonema parvulum. Nearly one-half of the 25 species of abundant diatoms (Table 4.2-7) were rated as "alkaliphilous" by Love (Ref. 4.2-27); one was acidophilous, five vere rated " indifferent," and eight were " unknown." In 1982, periphyton abundance on acrylic plates was about equal at Bell Bend and SSES, with an average of 1,500 units /mm2 . In 1983, much more periphyton occurred at Bell Bend (1,700 units /mm 2) than at SSES (600 units /mm 2). In 1984, periphyton density was higher at SSES (1,000 units /mm2 ) than at Bell Bend (600 units /mm2 ). Density peaked at SSES in October at 3,700 units /mm2 , The largest differences in standing crop occurred in October when there was over 2-fold more algae at SSES than at Bell Bend. Such large differences are O not unusual and have occurred many times since the study began (Fig. 4.2-3).
,4-7
Overall, the mean density of periphyton at SSES and Bell Bend in 1984 (800 units /mm 2 ) decreased from the 1,100 units /mm 2 found in 1983 (Fig. 4.2-3); the g 1984 mean was the lowest recorded since the study began in 1977. The results W of the 1984 sampling program do not indicate any impact upon the periphyton community resulting from operation of the Susquehanna SES; the decrease in abundance of periphyton at both sites was probably due to unusually high turbidities resulting from construction on the watershed in New York. High turbidity can affect the periphyton community by shading (i.e., reduction of cell growth and lowered reproduction) and by providing a silty, less stable substrate for colonization (Ref. 4.2-28). In previous years (Ref. 4.2-29), it was observed that periods of high river discharge, prior to sampling, washed away much of the periphyton which had colonized soft, silty sediments on river stones. Phytoplankton in samples collected at SSES in 1984 was nearly identical to that in samples taken at Bell Bend, as it has been in previous years (Fig. 4.2-4). There was a total of 41 genera of algae in 4 samples at SSES and 43 genera in 4 samples from Bell Bend (Tables 4.2-8 and 4.2-9). Thirty-four genera were found at both sites. None of the 16 genera that occurred at only one site composed more than 1% of the total units counted. In 1984, as in 1983, green algae was the major component of the phytoplankton composing 65% of the total standing crop. Scenedesmus spp. was the most abundant green algae at both sites in 1984 with a mean density of 600 units /ml (Tables 4.2-8 and 4.2-9). Scenedesmus composed about 16% of the total stand-ing crop; S. quadricauda was the most abundant species. Ankistrodesmus spp. was also abundant (11% of the total) with a mean density of 400 units /ml at Bell Bend and SSES; A. falcatus was the most abundant species. Diatoms composed 31% of the total standing crop. Cyclotella spp. and Nitzschia spp. were the main diatoms at both sites and composed about 16% of the total standing crop. In 1984, blue-green algae were less abundant at SSES and Bell Bend (4% of the total standing crop) than they were in 1983 (23% of the total). Fourteen species of phytoplankton composed 5% or more of the total units counted in at least one sample from the two sites (Table 4.2-10). Phytoplank-ton was much less abundant in 1984 (3,500 units /ml) than in 1983 (11,400 units /ml). Most of the phytoplankton found were " clean water" forms and only five of the abundant species (N. palea, S. quadricauda, A. falcatus, C. meneghiniana, and N. acicularis) were among the top 20 species listed by Palmer (Ref. 4.2-26) as being most tolerant of heavy organic pollution. Most of the species of abundant diatoms were rated as "alkaliphilous" by Lowe (Ref. 4.2-27); two were rated " indifferent," and three were rated " unknown." The 1984 phytoplankton com= unity mean was only about one-half as great as the previous low (6,400 units /ml in 1982). Much of the decline in standing crop in 1984 was attributed to high river water turbidity caused'by major construc-tion projects upriver. No impact upon this community was produced by the operation of the Susquehanna SES since both upstream and dcknstream community lll 4-8
levels declined. Clay and silt particles can act as a " nucleus" which aggre-7s (') gates phytoplankton into such a large mass that it settles from the water column (Ref. 4.2-18). Some of the phytoplankton lost in this way could accumulate on the river bottom and be included in the count of cells in the periphyton sample, 4.2.5.2 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES Density and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Susquehanna River near the Susquehanna SES were monitored since 1972 and 1975, respectively, to establish a baseline of preoperational conditions (Refs. 4.2-30 through 4.2-39). Unit 1 of the Susquehanna SES became operational in September 1982. Data collected after that date were considered operational (Refs. 4.2-40 and 4.2-41). The objective of the operational studies was to determine if the power plant had any impact on the macroinvertebrate community downriver from the discharge diffuser. From 1978 through 1982, benthic macroinvertebrates were collected in April, June, and October at two stations (four sites) near the Susquehanna SES (Fig. 4.2-1). Two sites (SSES I and II) are 850 m upriver from the intake struc-ture, and two (Bell Bend I and III) are 710 m downriver from the discharge diffuser (Table 4.2-11). Sampling schedule and sites in 1983 and 1984 were the same as those since 1978, except that samples were not collected in April because of high river level. In 1984, three samples were collected by a scuba diver at each site on June () 11-13 and October 8-11, using a doce suction sampler (Ref. 4.2-42). After the
, sampler was lowered from a boat to the river substrate, a scuba diver moved it upriver to the first undisturbed area where an adequate seal between the sampler band and the substrate could be established. The diver then vacuumed the substrate inside the sampler (0.163 m2 ) for five minutes with a screened intake nozzle leading to the sampler's pump. Sediments (silt, sand, and fine gravel) and organisms were pumped into a nylon net (216-p mesh). The diver carefully vacuumed large stones within the dome sampler and then discarded them.
One replicate from each site was used for biomass estimates. It was washed and sieved through a U.S. Standard No. 20 sieve (841-p mesh). The biomass sample was refrigerated (or kept in ice water) until organisms were sorted. Processing was completed within 12 hours of collection. By chilling the sample, it was possible to avoid the use of preservatives which distort organism weight (Refs. 4.2-43 and 4.2-44). Before molluscs were weighed, their shells were decalcified in 1% hcl. Sorted organisms were dried in aluminum foil containers at 100 C for at least 12 hours, then cooled to room, temperature, and weighed on a Mettler H10W balance. The other two replicates from each site were used for density estimates. Soon after collection, they were washed, sieved (U.S. Standard No. 60, 250-p mesh), and preserved (10% buffered formalin) for storage. Later, the residue was placed in white pans for sorting. Readily visible specimens (except chirono- , mids and naidids) were removed, identified, and counted. ; 1 1 4-9
Estimates of the number of chironomids, ncidids, and other organisms left in the sample were obtained by counting organisms in a subsample of the total residue using a dissecting microscope (10-70X). Chironomids and naidids were g counted from 1/23 of the residue; other organisms were counted from 1/4 of the residue. Both the 1/23 and 1/4 subsamples were a composite of three randomly selected portions of the total residue. The number of organisms found in the subsample was moltiplied by the appropriate conversion factor (23 or 4) and then added to the total number of organisms previously sorted from pans. The number of organisms per square meter was determined by cultiplying the number of organisms per sample by 6.1. Invertebrates were identified (usually to genus or species) using taxonomic keys cited in Ref. 4.2-41. Some naidids and chironocids had to be mounted on microscope slides and examined with a compound microscope (40-1000X) for identification; Mark J. Wetzel, Illinois Natural History Survey (naidids) and Dr. Robert W. Bode, New York State Department of Health (chironomids) verified organism identifications. Macroinvertebrate sample similarity was aralyzed according to abundance and taxonomic composition using BASIC computer programs and a Hewlett-Packard 9830-A computer. The Bray and Curtis index (Ref. 4.2-45) was used to calcu-late a between-sample similarity matrix because Chance and Deutsch (Ref. 4.2-46) found that it was the best of.four similarity indcxes for analysis of Susquehanna River macroinvertebrate samples. The similarity matrix was then subjected to a cluster analysis by a group-average sorting technique (Ref. 4.2-47). The mean macroinvertebrate density in June and October 1984 (stations com-bined) was 27,400 org/m 2 (Table 4.2-12), a value similar to that found in 1981 (27,400 org/m2 ) and 1982 (28,500 org/m2 ) but 16% less than the mean density found from 1978 to 1983 (32,800 org/m2 ) (Table 4.2-13). The 1984 density was 36% less than that collected in 1983 (42,600 org/m 2). Chironomids composed 45% of the total number of organisms collected in 1984; hydropsychid caddis-flies and heptageniid mayflies composed 27% and 9% of the total, respectively (Table 4.2-14). 2 Mean density at SSES (26,300 org/m ) was less than at Bell Bend (28,600 org/m2 ) for the first time since 1977 (Fig. 4.2-5). At SSES, the total number of organisms was composed primarily of hydropsychids (39%) and chironomids (34%) (Fig. 4.2-6). At Bell Bend, 54% of the total organisms was composed of chironomids; hydropsychids and heptageniids composed 16% and 10% of the total, respectively. A listing of the macroinvertebrates collected in dore samples since 1975 is in Table 4.2-15. Six taxa were found or' identified for the first time in 1984. Changes in nomenclature of several taxa were also made this year. In Deutsch et al. (Ref. 4.2-38), the subgenus Symphitopsyche was elevated to generic status in accordance with Schuster and Etnier (Ref. 4.2-48). Many biologists believe that this elevation was premature (Patricia W. Schefter, Royal Ontario Museum, personal communication, 8 March 1985) . Therefore, Symphitopsyche was redesignated as Hydropsyche. Macronema, another hydropsychid, has been O 4-10
reclassified as Macrostemum (Ref. 4.2-49). The chironomid genus Eukiefferiella l ) has been divided; E. bavarica gr. and E. discoloripes gr. now belong to the
~
genus Tvetenia (Ref. 4.2-50). Mean macroinvertebrate density in June (12,200 org/m 2) was 63% less than in June 1983 (33,000 org/m2 ) (Ref. 4.2-41). One of the factors responsible for this may have been low river temperatures in the spring of this year. Mean river temperature for the 30-day period preceding June sampling (15 May-13 June) was 16.0 C, the lowest mean in the past ten years. From 1975 to 1983, the mean river temperature for this period was 19.7 C (range = 18.2-22.3 C). High flows which occurred in late May may have caused catostrophic drift of macroinvertebrates, lowering benthic density. Chironomids were the most abundant macroinvertebrates (mean = 7,500 org/m2 ), composing 62% of the total number collected at both stations combined (Table 4.2-12). Rheotanytarsus spp. was the most numerous chironomid at all sites (17% of total macroinvertebrate density). Microtendipes sp. and Tanytarsus 2 spp. each composed 10% (1,200 org/m ) of the total density. An additional 21% of the total number of macroinvertebrates was composed of heptageniids (9%), naidids (7%), and tubificids (5%). In 1983, hydropsychids composed 7% of the June total; in 1984, they composed less than 1% at each station. At SSES, mean June density (5,800 org/m2 ) was less than 20%.of the mean density of the previous six years (30,100 org/m ) 2(Table 4.2-13). Chironomids composed 52% of the total density; Rheotanytarsus spp. (1,100 org/m 2) and Cricotopus epp. (500 org/m 2) were the most abundant genera. Naidids (prima- ! ) rily Nais behningi and Piguetiella michiganensis) composed 11% of the total. U Mean hydropsychid density was only 37 org/md, much lower than in previous years. In 1983, for example, mean hydropsychid density was 3,600 org/m2 , Both Rhame and Stewart (Ref 4.2-51) and Deutsch (Ref. 4.2-52) found that river temperatures of 15-17 C initiated emergence of hydropsychid adults. Low mean river temperatures in spring 1984 probably delayed emergence, thereby
~
reducing ov1 position and subsequent larval density. The large number of hydropsychids collected in October dome samples, however, reveals that the delay was short term. At Bell Bend, density in June (18,700 org/m 2) was only slightly less than the mean for the previous six years (19,800 org/m2 ) (Table 4.2-13). Chironomids 2 composed 65% of the June density; Rheotanytarsus spp. (3,000 org/m ), Micro-2 tendipes sp. (2,200 org/m 2) and Tanytarsus spp. (2,100 org/m ) were the most abundant types. As in 1982 and 1983, Microtendipes sp. was more abundant at site III than at site I. Heptageniids and naidids (primarily N,. behningi and N_. communis) composed 9% and 6% of the total, respectively. In October, mean macroinvertebrate density (42,600 org/m2 ) was over 3-fold greater than in June (Table 4.2-12), but was less than in October 1983 (52,200 org/m2 ). It was slightly greater than the 1978-83 mean (40,600 org/m:) (Table 4.2-13). Chironomids (16,900 org/m2 ) and hydropsychids (14,700 org/m2 ) composed almost 75% of the total number of macroinvertebrates. Rheotanytarsus spp., Thienemannimyia gr., and Microtendipes sp. composed almost 75% of the chironomids; Cheumatopsyche spp. composed 95% of the hydropsychids. O v 4-11
At SSES, mean density (46,800 org/m2 ) in October was 16% less than the mean of the previous six years (55,900 org/m2 2) (Table 4.2-13). Hydropsychids (20,300 org/m2 ) and chironomids.(14,800 org/m ) composed 75% of2 the total. Rheotany-g tarsus spp. (8,500 org/m ), Cricotopus spp. (2,500 org/m ), and Thienemannimyia gr. (2,200 org/m )2 were the most abundant chironomids. Heptageniids composed 9% of the total density. At Bell Bend, mean October density (38,400 org/m2) was 52% greater than the mean of the previous six years (25,300 org/m2 ) (Table 4.2-13). Chironomids (Microtendipes sp., Thienemannicyia gr., and Rhectanytarsus spp.) composed 50% of the total density. Hydropsychids and heptageniids composed 23% and 11% of the total, respectively. In the cluster analysis, samples were grouped by season before they were grouped by station or site (Fig. 4.2-6), indicating that seasecal differences in the macroinvertebrate community were more important than station and site differences. As in 1982 and 1983 (Refs. 4.2-40 and 4.2-41), the October samples were more distinctly grouped by station and site than ware those in June, meaning that there was less variability in October replicates. Since 1979, the cluster analysis usually segregated SSES samples from those at Bell Bend within a sampling period, suggesting that macroinvertebrate communities at the two stations were seasonally distinct. The mean macroinvertebrate biomass in June and October 1984 (2.5 g/m2 ) (Table 4.2-16) was slightly less than the mean of the previous six years (2.8 g/m2 ) (Table 4.2-17). Trichopterans (especially Cheumatopsyche spp.) and ephemerop-terans (mainly Potamanthus sp. and heptageniids) composed 61% and 28%, respec-tively, of the 1984 mean biomass (Table 4.2-16). g Biomass in June 1984 averaged 0.8 g/m 2 (Table 4.2-16). Organism weight at 2 SSES (1.0 g/m ) was twice that at Bell Bend (0.5 g/m ). Ephemeropterans made 2 up 63% and 86% of total weight at SSES and Bell Bend, respectively. 011-gochaetes and trichopterans composed 33% of the biomass at SSES; oligochaetes and dipterans made up 8% at Bell Bend. Biomass of macroinvertebrates in October (4.1 g/m2 ) was more than 5-fold greater than in June (Table 4.2-16) . Weight of organisms at SSES (5.5 g/m2 ) was almost twice that at Bell Bend (2.8 g/m 2). Trichopterans and ephemer-opterans composed more than 907. of the biomass at both stations. Biomass at SSES in 1984 averaged 3.2 g/m 2 (Table 4.2-16); trichopterans (2.1 2 g/m ) and ephemeropterans (0.8 g/m ) composed almost 90% of the total. 2 Biomass at Bell Bend in 1984 was 1.7 g/m2 . Dry weight of trichopterans (especially hydropsychids) at SSES was more than twice that at Bell Bend (0.9 g/m 2 ) (Table 4.2-16). Mean biomass at Bell Bend ha.s remained relatively stable during the past seven years (Fig. 4.2-5). Since 1978, annual mean biomass at SSES has been between 2- and 5-fold greater than at Bell Bend. Differences in macroinvertebrate biomass at the two stations were largely attributed to differences in substrate and rive current. For example, SSES is located in a riffle area which is more suitaita than Bell Bend for rheo-philic organisms, such as hydropsychids. G 4-12
Macroinvertebrate density and biomass increased markedly at both stations () tetween 1977 and 1980 (Fig. 4.2-5). This increase coincided with significant (P<0.05) improvement in Susquehanna River water quality (Ref. 4.2-53). In particular, there was a decrease in acid mine drainage, which was found to suppress the macroinvertebrate community in the study area (Ref. 4.2-54). Since 1980, however, density and biomass seems to have stabilized; in three of the last four years, they were generally similar at both stations. The Susquehanna SES has had no detectable impact on the macroinvertebrate com-munity. 1 0 O .. 4-13
i REFERENCES O 4.2-1 Ruhe, R. M. and J. D. Montgomery. 1979. Birds. Pages 250-283 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (annual report for 1978). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-2 Gross, D. A., R. M. Ruhe, and J. D. Montgomery. 1980. Birds.
? ages 250-288 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (annual report for 1979). Ichthyological Associates, Inc.,
Berwick, PA. 4.2-3 Gross, D. A. and J. D. Montgomery. 1981. Birds. Pages 255-295 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (annual report for 1980). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-4 Gross, D. A., D. G'. Richie, and J. D. Montgomery. 1982. Birds. Pages 279-325 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (1981 annual report). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-5 Gross, D. A. and J. D. Montgomery. 1983. Birds. Pages 286-342 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in g the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (1982 annual w report). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-6 Gross, D. A. and J. D. Montgomery. 1984. Birds. Pages 283-326 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (1983 annual report). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-7 American Ornithologists' Union. 1983. Checklist of North American birds, 6th ed. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence KS. 877 pp. 4.2-8 U.S. Department of the Interior. 1979. List of endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. Federal Register 44: 3636-3654. 4.2-9 Pennsylvania Game Commission. 1983. Wildlife classification. Pa. Bull. Vol. 13: 1026-1027, 1944. 4.2-10 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1984. Local climatological data, monthly summaries (Jan-Dec, 1984) at Wilkes-Bcrre/Scranton Airport, Avoca, Pennsylvania. Nat. Climatic Cent., Asheville, NC. 4.2-11 Burt, W. M. and R. P. Grossenheider. 1964. A field guide to the mammals. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA. 284 pp. O 4-14
4.2-12 Hall, E. R. and K. R. Kelson. 1959. The mammals of North America, vol. 1. Roland Press Co., New York, NY. 546 pp. 4.2-13 Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY 1109 pp. 4.2-14 -Pettingill, O. S. 1970. Ornithology in laboratory and field. Burgess Publ. Co., Minneapolis, MN. 524 pp. 4.2-15 Edmunds, P. R., H. K. Roffman, and R. C. Maxwell. 1975. Some terrestrial considerations associated with cooling-tower systems for electric power generation. Pages 393-407 ,in S. R. Hanna and J. Pell (coordinators), Cooling tower environment-1974. Nat. Tech. Inf.
. Serv., U.S. Dept. Comm., Springfield, VA.
4.2-16 Cochran, W. W. and R. R. Graber. 1958. Attraction of nocturnal migrants by lights on a television tower. Wilson Bull. 70: 378-380. 4.2-17 Marsden, J. E., T. C. Williams, V. Krauthamer, and H. Krauthamer. 1980. Effect of nuclear power plant lights on migrants. J. Field Ornithol. 51: 315-318. 4.2-18 Gale, W. F.,,T. V. Jacobsen, and K. M. Smith'. 1976. Iron, and its role in a river polluted by mine effluents. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 50: 182-195. , 4.2-19 Gale, W. F. 1975. Ultrasonic removal of epilithic algae in a bar-clamp sampler. J. Phycol. 11: 472-473. 4.2-20 Gale, W. F. and R. L. Lowe. 1971. Phytoplankton ingestion by the fingernail clam, Sphaerium transversum (Say), in Pool 19, Missis-sippi River. Ecology 52: 507-513. 4.2-21_ Hustedt, F. 1930. Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae). In A. Pascher (ed.), Die Susswasser - Flora Mitteleuropas. Heft 10._Guscav Fisher Verlag, Jena, viii. -466 pp. 4.2-22 Prescott, G. W. 1962. Algae of the western Great Lakes area. William C. Brown Co., Dubuque, IA. 977 pp. 4.2-23. Gurzynski, A. J. and W. F. Gale. 1982. Algae. Pages 48-82 g T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of_the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (1981 annual report). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-24 Gurzynski, A. J. and W. F. Gale. 1983. Algae. Pages 47-82 g I. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of-the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (1982 annual report). Ichthyological Associates Inc., Berwick, PA. O 4-15
4.2-25 Gurzynski, A. J. and W. F. Gale. 1984. Algae. Pages 58-82 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in g the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (1933 annual W report). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-26 Palmer, C. M. 1969. A composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution. J. Phycol. 5: 78-82. 4.2-27 Lowe, R. L. 1974. Environmental requirenents and pollution toler-ance of freshwater diatoms. Nat. Environ. Res. Cent., EPA-670/ 4-74-005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. 334 PP-4.2-28 Patrick, R., M. Eohn, and J. Wallace. 1954. A new method for determining the patterns of the diatom flora. Notulae Naturae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 259: 1-12. 4.2-29 Gurzynski, A. J. and W. F. Gale. 1978. Algae. Pages 35-67 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (annual report for 1977). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-30 Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsyl-vania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972). Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, PA. 658 pp. 4.2-31 Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1974. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsyl-vania (Progress report for the period January-December 1973). Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, PA. 838 pp. 4.2-32 Deutsch, W. G. 1976a. Macroinvertebrates. Pages 97-140 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress report for the period January-December 1974). Ichthyologi-cal Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-33 Deutsch, W. G. 1976b. Macroinvertebrates. Pages 123-161 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1975). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. i 4.2-34 Deutsch, W. G. 1977. Senthic macroinvertebrates. Pages 36-69 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1976). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-35 Deutsch, W. G. 1978. Benthic macroinvertebrates. Pages 68-119 in T. V. Jacobsen'(ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1977). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. lh 4-16
4.2-36 Sabin, L., W. G..Deutsch, and W. F. Gale. 1979. Benthic macro-() invertebrates. Pages 86-119 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1978). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-37 Sabin-Zelenak, L., W. G. Deutsch, and W. F. Gale. 1980. Benthic macroinvertebrates. Pages 79-115 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecologi-cal studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susque-hanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1979). Ichthyologi- , cal Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. l 4.2-38 Deutsch, W. G., W. F. Gale, and L. Sabin-Zelenak. 1981. Benthic macroinvertebrates. Pages 80-120 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecologi-cal studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susque-hanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1980). Ichthyologi-cal Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-39 Deutsch, W. G., L. S. Imes, and W. F. Gale. 1982. Benthic macro-invertebrates. Pages 83-123 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (1981 annual report). Ichthyological Associ-ates, Inc. , Berwick, PA. 4.2-40 Deutsch, W. G., J. L. Meyer, and W. F. Gale. 1983. Benthic macro-invertebrates. Pages 83-120 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological / studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (1982 annual report). Ichthyological Associ-ates, Inc. , Berwick, PA. 4.2-41 Deutsch, W. G., J. L. Meyer, L. S. Zelenak, and W. F. Gale. 1984. Benthic macroinvertebrates. Pages 83-114 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (1983 annual report). Ichthyo-logical Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. 4.2-42 Gale, W. F. and J. D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrates in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104(2): 398-405. 4.2-43 Howmiller, R. P. 1972. Effects of preservatives on weights of some common macrobenthic invertebrates. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 101(4): 743-746, 4.2-44 Wiederholm, T. and L. Eriksson. 1977. Effects of alcohol-preservation on the weight of some benthic invertebrates. Zoon 5: 29-31. 4.2-45 Bray, J. R. and J. T. Curtis. 1957. An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecol. Monogr. 27(3): 325-348. (_3 / 4-17
e-- l 4.2-46 Chance, J. M. and W. G. Deutsch. 1980. A comparison of four simi-larity indexes in the cluster analysis of Susquehanna River macro- g benthic sanples. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 54: 169-173. W 4.2-47 Clifford, H. T. and W. Stephenson. 1975. An introduction to numerical classification. Academic Press, New York, NY. 229 pp. 4.2-48 Schuster, G. A. and D. A. Etnier. 1978. A manual for the identifi-cation of the larvae of the caddisfly genera Hydropsyche Pictet and Symphitopsyche Ulmer in eastern and central North America (Tri-choptera: Hydropsychidae). Environ. Monitoring and Support Lab., EPA-600/4-78-060. U.S. Environ. Proc. Agency, Cincinnati, OH. 129 PP-4.2-49 Flint, O. S., Jr. and J. Bueno-Soria. 1982. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXII: The immature stages of Macronema varipenne Flint & Bueno-Soria, with the division of Macronama by the resurrec-tion of Macrostemum (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 95: 357-370. 4.2-50 Bode, R. W. 1983. Larvae of North American Eukiefferiella and Tvetenia (Diptera: Chironomidae). N.Y. State Mus. Bull. 452, State Ed. Dept., Univ. of the State of NY. 40 pp. 4.2-51 Rhame, R. E, and K. W. Stewart. 1976. Life cycles and food habits of three Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) species in the Brazos River, Texas. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 102: 63-99. 4.2-52 Deutsch, W. G. 1984. Oviposition of Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) in a large river. Can. J. Zool. 62: 1988-1994. 4.2-53 Soya, W. J. and T. V. Jacobsen. 1981. Physicochemical analyses. Pages 3-45 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1980). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, PA. . 4.2-54 Deutsch, W. G. 1981. Suppression of macrobenthos in an iron-polluted stretch of the Susquehanna River (Pennsylvania). Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 55: 37-42. 4.2-55 Cummins, K. W. 1962. An evaluation of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters. Am. Midl. Nat. 67(2) : 477-504. O 4-18
Table 4.2-1 Sptcice of birds collected at the Unit 1 (nd 2 cooling towsrs of ths Susquthsens SES. 1978-84 An astsrish (*) dsnotes spscias found in 1984 Accipitridae Emberizidae (cont.) {N
- Accipiter cooper 11 - Cooper's hssk Piranga olivacea - scarlet canager Piranga sp. - tanager sp.
Columbidae Pheucticus ludovicianus - rose-breasted
- Columba livia - rock dove groseeak Cuiraca caerulea - blue grosbeak Picidae Spiza americana - dickcissel Picoides pubescens - downy woodpecker Spizella pusilla - fisld sparrow '
Colaptes auratus - northern flicker Melospiza 11nco1nti - Lincoln's spatrow M. teorgiana - swamp sparrow l Tyrannidae Zonotrienta leucophrys - white-crowned Contopus virens - eastern wood-pewee sparrow Escidonax flaviventris - yellow-bellied flycatcher Junco hvesalis - dark-eyed junco E. virescens - Acadian flycatcher Annodramus savannarus - grasshopper E. minimus - least flycatcher sparrow Icterus galbula - northern oriole Sittidae Sitta canadensis - red-breasted nuthatch
,S_. carolinensis - white-breasted nuthatch Fringillidae Caroodaeus purpureus - purple finch Carthiidae Carthis americana - brown creeper Troglodytidae Troslodytes aedon - house wren Muscicapidte Regul_us atrapa - golden-crowned kinglet R. calendula - ruby-crowned kinglec Catharus suttatus - hermit thrush Hylocichia mustelina - wood thrush Minidae
- Dumetella carolinensis - gray catbird
- Toxostome rufum - brown thrasher vireonidae Vireo ariseus - white-eyed vireo
- v. solitarius - solitary vireo
- V. flavif rons - yellow-throated vireo
- 7. philadelphicus - Philadelphia vireo Y
_. milvus - warbling vireo
- 7 olivaceus - red-eyed vireo vireo spp. - vireo spp.
Emberizidae vermivora sinus - blue-winged warbler
- v. permarina - Tennessee warbler Y. ruf1capilla - Nashvine warbler Farula americana - northern parula 3endroica potechia - yellow warbler
- 3. pensvivanica - chestnut-sided warbler
* [. amano11a - segnolia verbler
- 3. tiarina - Cape May warbler
- 3. caerulescens - black-throated blue verbler
[. coronata - yellow-rumped warbler D. virens - black-throated green warbler
- I. fusca - Blackburnian warbler
[. pinus - pine warbler D. discolor - prairie warbler D. palmarus - palm warbler D. castanea - bay-breasted warbler
- D. striata - blackpoll warbler Mniotilta varia - black-and-white warbler Secoonans ruticella - American redstart Helaitheros versivorus - worm-eating varbler
- Seiurus aurocapillus - evenbird Oporornis formosus - Kentucky warbler
~
- 0. amilis - Connecticut warbler
- Ceothlysis trichag - common yellowthroat Wilsonia pusilla - Wilson's warbler W. ennadensis - Canada verbler Icteria virens - yellow-breasted chac
- Parulinae spp. - verbler spp.
l e Table 4.2-2 weekly bird Lapaction totals from Unit 1 and 2 cooling towers, 19 March through 8 June 1984 APR MAY JUN MAR TOTAL 26-30 2-6 .9-13 16-20 23-27 30-4 7-11 14-18 21-25 28-L 4-4 PANILY/ SPECIES 19-23 UNIT 1 VIREONIDAS O 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 YELLOW-TER0ATED VIREO O O O 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
. TOTAL SPECIES 0 0 0 UNIT 2 ACCIPITRIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 O O 1 COOPER'S EAWE COLUMBIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 O O 1 0 0 0 ROCE DOVE VIREON',DAE 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 RED-EYID VIREO O EMBERIZIDAE 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 fs MAGNOLIA MAR 8LER 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 BLACEBURNIAN WARBLER 1 0 3
{g,,,/, 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 COMMON YELLOWTERCAT 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 0 10 0 0 2 0 0 TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 6 0 0 2 TOTAL SPECIES
%W -
e 48418 t*t-t M**MTA 472p tr&eosTov 2osets ;zos nut 2 1 euP t sootTuB gonoss* go yn6nsa )q2on6g 6 Moaeuq82 169t*
'1
[% - 40D sad 031 NDA JVNII'A/Sd23IIS !0-ft ff-fT 9-1 10-tt T1-71 ft-?s t-G t-tf TC-T6 tf-?9 f6-E 5-6 &O&VT GNI& I NINIUY3 DEVA 3Y&SIEG 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 AIE2ONICV2 130-213C AIE30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t 0 0 0 0 C 2dt3WIIICY2 E!f31EDENIVN MVEE12E 0 t t 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O E 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t etf3adOIT MY48131 0 0 0 30eme0N A2ITOM&HMOY& 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 QRIcaN&IIIVt72 MVws12H 1
&o&Y1 IRGIAIGDYI'S 0, E 1 O t 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 6 0 E 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 9
&O&YI' Sd2DIIS O E t
~
3KI& Z AIERONIQVE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1-SOI*I&YNA AIEIO 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 W50-3120 AIE20 3Ms3MIIIGYE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 tIf31dOIT MYwsisu 0 0 0 0 0 0AENEIEG 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 t 0 0 0 0 E 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 t
&0&YI' INGIAIcoYTS 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 Z 0 1 0 1 0 401VI' 5423325 9 -O -
e
ll l
/ ? nt iF L
t ( n o _ 6 0 i 5 1 s 5 8 i 1 1 1 v 7 t hi o o4S e cD nT n / T a e i P h h i o o i 4 5 S e t 7 _ L t a a 0 _ n c c 6 _ w o g o o t L n L 2 n g i e n d m d 4 l i i m i 0 l s m r i rm7 A s m Gm T r Go4S e r i o r/ , r r n F B d T F 0 1 d e 8 1 A e e 7 8 d - r 0 i c 6 x S S o
- B 4 2 8 .
/
o o1 D. S T T2/ R R s 8 O s e D e t 2 I t a 2 R a D R D & O m4 C m 8 9 E o r o/ r 0 3 N F F02 I .
/
j L s S -8 t L 4 SOI EN s R AS s s 2.N S e m r e e e 4 AM NI a c r El S l N A T L EN V e B UA n - A QR T K i UST 6 0 L 3 e SF 0 3 n O 5 4 o
- h E e o 8 P C l o T 9 N l T n 3 A
N i v n o -
- o i 5
E s i t 1 T o g t s a 2 N c n a _ l c I s c _ a o A e i o v L M W r L o a m d e d e i l c i R r e r G R G e m a m e o n o r r n e r T F s ' a v F e h i r c e t c e i u e g v q n r s l e a e e u S D S l S n it o i T o o t T T u b i s s r e e t t t s nU ( D a a D i D r , a m m . 4 e o o v r r 8Y F F p u 9 1 S
l
.. 'n nt n iF i L
8] n o r i G s 1 2 i n . v a t l a D i o o1 e e r nT n TNA h t n o o G 1 S i i 7 0 e t t R 2 C a a A 8 c g c 1 _ o o l n L . g i a n d m d P i i m i a s m r i rm l , s a m Gm r Go n n e i o T ra o r r F 1 t d r n e d T F e N n z A l e e ? a d r n i c n H S S a , t 4 e
._ R e
/ r 9 t 1 S o o/ r S T Tn i a R s l O . p D s _. e o I e t P R t a a D a R D R h O m/ t u
C m o n o ri o E r F / S N F n I i 4 L 4 S 3 m
- EN /
SO 4 I AS s s s NS e e e 2.N 4AM I m a r c e r l l S N A T EEN e LUA BQR n 4 1 AST i L 4 e TU 7 n SF - o O 4 h E e o 5 P C l l o T . 4 N i T n 7 A v n o 1 N s o i 7 E o i t T c g t s a N s a l c I e n c a o A W i r o v L M a L o e m d l d e i c i R r e r G a R G e m n m e o n o r r a e r T F h v F s e i e t r u c e c q g i s e n v u l e a r e S S D el S t n iT o o o i T T t u s b
) s i e e r r t a
t a t s ' D D i r D 4 a m m 8 e o o . 9 Y r r v 1 F F o u S
.flj J ) -
nt iF L O i n o s 3 i l v _ t ai o o rD e nT nT 1 t 0 e n o o 9 _ h S e i i 9 C t t 1 a a c c o g o a L n L P g i n d m d . i i m i n s m r i r Go rm o s t e m Gm i r o r T r e r F ld T F n zd e aA e e H d r i c . S S t e e r t S r o o a S T T l R p O s o D s e P I e t R t a h R a D t O D u C m m o o o S E r r N F F 4 I 4 L 3 O 4 SO S EN
- - I AS s s s
l 2.N S e m e r55 e 6 e 4 4 4NI AM a c 1 1 r 6 1 El S l N A T L EN e B UA n AQR i T UST L 4 1 e SF Q 7 4 n d 4 9 7 o O 7 2 4 4 1 2 7 3 0 - h E 8 4 o2 2 4 1 1 4 P C o 1 3 N T43 3 4 4 5 N A T 6N 0 nN N 3 3 4 N n 6 8 o 6 0 N N - E a o 4 9 i 6 8 9 0 7 i 4 4 t 9 9 2 9 1 T n t s 4 0 0 7 N n g a 4 4 a 4 5 5 I a n c l c 4 4 A h i o a o 44 M e r L v L u a o o e d m d s l i 7 0 e i 70 2 6 u c 8 4 R r n4 S e r 2 1 G 91 2 3 G e ma4 1 1 R m4 4 3 e o a3 4 4 e o3 rN N r rNN 3 3 T N N
- v F 85 2 7
Fn2s7 7 1 s n i t 8 9 r n9 7 8 e e a4 9 0 c ~ o c 4 4 g d4 4 5 i t e 4 4 4 4 v n l n r a e a e e t S D S S 44 44 44 8 8 l
. 8 8 R8 / / n i t
/ / //
o6 6 66 6 6 o T 2 2 i T /2 2 o92 / / t 0 0
/ T// 00 0 0 u s 1 1 s 11 1 1 b i
e e r O t t t a a s D D r 4 4 44 a 4 i g 8 D 4 a 8 e m8 o/ 8
/
m86 o// // 6 r66 1 6 6 . 9 Y 1 r61 1 F1 1 1 v p F // //
/ / n0 u 0 0 00 i1 S 1 1 11 l[ tI'!fl
nt iF L n o i 4 l s ai t r v e ti o o e nD T T h n n. n, 1 S e i o o n
?
i t t R a a 1 c c o g o a L n L g i P n d m d i i m i n ~s m r i r rm o s m Gm Go t r e i o T r r r F ed T F n 1 7 d e a A e e H d r i c . S S t e e r
._ t S
o r o a S T T l R p O s o D s e P e t I R t a h R a D t O D u C m m o o o S E r r N F F 4 I 4 , L 3 S EN 4SO
- I 2.ANSS s
e s e5 5 _ s e9 6 4NI m r e1 r AM a c1 1 El S l N A T LEN e BUA AQR n 4 1 TST i L 4 7 4 e U 4 4 4 7 7 n SF 2 2 4 4 - o O 4 4 7 2 4 h 3 3 o4 4 5 P E 3 C oN N 0 T3N N 4 N T66 8 n 6 80 7 A a n 9 9 o 6 1 N n o 4 4 i 9 9 7 E n i 4 4 t 4 4 T a g t s a 4 4 N h n a l c I e c a o A u i r o v L M o' a L o s e d 7 0 m d 7 0 u l 8 4 e i S c i 2 1 R r R 4 e r 4 4 G ? 1 R G 3 3 e md 4
- mN o8 N e r o 1 3 N
e r 5 2 7 rNR 2 s v F 8 T F 5 7 e n i 9 8 9 c o t 4 4 r 4 4 t c 4 4 e 4 4 i v n e g r a n t l e a . e e S 44 D S S 88 44 l
/ / 88 n t 6 6 // o i 2 2 6 6 i T o/ / 22 t T0 1 0 o// u 1 T 10 01 b i
s s r e e t t t s a 44 a a4 i D 8 8 D R8 D
. r / / //
4 a m6 6 m66 . 8 e o1 1 o11 v p 9 Y r/ / r// 1 F0 0 F n0 u 1 1 i1 S [
nt . iF L 4 n 5 o 7 ai 7 n s 1 ni
'5 a v 0 .
hi eD o o 1 1 a t e u nT n T A 1 r e P e o o o n . v , h s i i u't i e S u t t T R R l S a a l c c i o g o v L n L s g i r n d m d A 5 8 u i m Q 8 8 i r i 1 2 2 o s m m i r rm d 4 4 t s Gm T Gor 1 3 3 n e i r o N N N o r r F M d T F n 1 3 9 5 5 d e 7 Q 4 6 A e e 1 4 4 8 d r 4 4 4 5 i c 1 S S x o 4 4 B. R 8 4 O.
/ / 8 P
/
o o9 1 1 2 4 S T T / // R 7 7 8 0 O s 2 D s e 2 I e t R t a t R a D 4 4 R O D - C m m8 o/ 8 4
/8 .
o r81 0 / S. E r 2 3 N F F / // U I 7 7 8 L d S l EN O 4 SOI AS s sR s 2.N S e e e 4 AM NI m r1 e0 a c r6 l El S N A T L B ENUA e ~ A QR n 6 i 0 T UST L i 3 e SF 7 5 n O 7 - o 7 h E 9 o2 2 P C o1 T43 3 N T4 - A n n N 7 N a o n i o 90 1 E n i u 7 T n t T t 2 N a g a s a 4 I h n c l c 4 A e i o a o M u r L v L a a o s e d 9 m d 3 u l i 5 e i 7 _ S c 2 R r 2 e r 4 G 4 G e m3 R m3 e oN
- oN r r4 s e r9 e -
v F6 T F 22 c n i 0 r 4 i o t 4 e 4 v . t c d g r n e n e a l a S t e D e S S n l 4 8 4 o t i i
/ R t o1 /
3 u T To/ T2 / b i 7 8 r s s t e e s t- t i a a D D D 4 r 4 . 8 a m8 m48 v 9 e o/ o p 1 Y r0 r/ u F 2 F /3 S
/
7 8
0 . 0 nt2 iF 4 L 3 5 _ 7 7 1 O a s ni i n o 4 6 0 P a 6 n v 4 e ai o3 o l n TN nT t hD l e cu o 7 o i e i 6 1 i v h o' t 4 t s S s r u a 4 a u S c c o o g o t L n L n g i o n d m d M s i i 0 m i rm m r 5 i , s m Gm0 r Go 8 e i o4 T r 5 r r r3 n F 1 d T FN0 e d e 8 e x A d 2 r o i 4 c B. S 4 S O. P a , R 0
/ 2 1
1 o 2 S To/ 7 T e R s t O s e u D e t o I t a R R a d D R D R . O . m C m/ o S. o62 r U E N Fr/ F d I 7 l L O S 0 4 EN SO
- AS I
s e s e s e
- 2. N NI S m a
r5 e r 4AM c l l S N A T EEN e LUA . 6 BQR n 0 AST i L 3 e TU 6 5 n SF 5 - o O 0 7 h o 2 E 4 3 P C o3 T - N TN0 n 7 A n 6 o 1 N o 4 i 7 E i 4 t T g t 4 s a N a c I n c l a o A i o v L M 0 r L o 2 a m d
# e d 0 e i l 5 c i 0 R r n r G n' e G 4 e m T R m3 e o oN r r r e r0 T F a v F 28 s m i t 4 r e r
c 4 e c n e g i f n v c l e a r e n S D e l a 4 S r t T 8 n i
/ o T o1 o i T3/ T t 7
u . s s b _ e e i r 0 t t _ a t a s D D r 4 i D - a e m8 m o 4 o/ r . R Y r6 F v 9 F 2 p 1 / 7 u S
O Table 4.2-5 2 Mean density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae on two acrylic plates submerged for 12 months at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1984. 15 JUN 20 AUG 15 Oct t TOTAL TAMON 30 APR CHLOROPHYTA 0.0 10.8 0.0 1.1 0.3 ACTINASTRUM 0.0 58.4 1. 9 0.0 15.4 ANKISTRODESMOS 0.0 1. 9 0.0 0.0 <0.1 ARTRRODESMUS 0.1 0.9 0.0 2.7 0.1 CHLAMYDOMONAS 0.0 0.0 24.4 0. 6 0.0 <0.1 COELASTRUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 1.1 COSMARIUM 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.1 <0.1 CRUCIGENIA 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.4 DICTYOSPHAERIUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 <0.1 EIRG NERIELLA '4.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 MICRACTINIUM 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.t 4.3 0.1 OOCYSTIS 0.0 0.. 1.6 < 0.1 PEDIASTRUM 0.0 0.0 12.6 0.1 254.3 6.9 SCENEDESMUS f.0 0.6 <0.1 SGROEDERI A 0.0 0.0 e 1.1 <0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 STAURASTRUM 0.0 0.0 (0.1 0.0 0.3 TETRAEORON 0.0 4.8 0.1 TETRASTRUM 0.0 0.0 UNIDENTIFIED 0.0 6.8 0.1 92.2 2.6 G LOROPETTA BACILLARIOPBYTA 0.0 <0.1 ACENANTHES 0.0 1. 5 0.0 1.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 ASTERIONELLA 0.3 50.3 1.3 COCCONEIS 0.0 0.0 O- CYCLerELLA CYMBELLA' 0.0 O.0 4.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 , 1678.5 13.2 43.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.1 DIATOMA 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 <0.1 EPITREMIA 0.4 0.0 <0.1
- 0.1 0.0 FRAGILARI A 0.6 1.2 40.3 1.1 GOMPEONEMA 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 17.1 0.4 GYROSIGMA 4.5 40.8 1.2 0.3 0.0 MEIDSIRA 0. 0 0.0 <0.1 0.1 0.0 MERIDION 0.5 9. 3 3.3 409.4 11.0 NAVICULA 0.5 18.8 4.3 213.9 6.2 NITISCHIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 FINNULARIA 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 <0.1 REI20$0LENIA 0.0 16.4 0.4 R8OICOSPRENIA 0.0 0.0 287,1 7. 9 0.0 15.1 0.0 STEP 8ANODISCUS 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 <0.1 SURIRELLA 2.1 0. 5 0.1 17.3 0.1 SYNEDRA 0.0 0.0 0. 0 442.8 11.5 TEALASSIOSIRA CYANOP5YTA 2.1 0.2 CHR00 COCCUS 0.0 3. 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.3 0. 6 -
OSCILLATORIA 0.0 2.2 0.0 5.8 0. 2 SGIZOTERIX 0.0 R50DOPRTFA 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.L
, R50DOCRORTON 0.1 3.6 131.0 14.8 3698.4
- TOTAL O
p V Table 4.2-6 Mean density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae on two acrylic plates submerged for 12 months at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1984. 30 APR 15 JUN 20 AUG 15 OCT 1 TOTAL TAEN CHLOROPHYTA 1. 7 ACTINASTRUM 0.0 41.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.6 0.6 16. 7 2.6 AN KISTRODESMUS 0. 2 CHLAMYDOM3NAS 0.0 0.9 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 <0.1 CLADOPHORA 3.1 0.1 COELASTRUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.7 0.1 COSMARIUM 4.8 0.2 CRUCIGENIA 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 - 0.0 (0.1 DICTYOSPHAE RIUM (0.1 GOLENKINIA 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.3 2.2 0.2 KIRCH1ERIELLA MICRACTINIUM 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 (0.1 0.0 0. 3' O.0 22.9 0.9 OJCYSTIS 0.6 0.1 PEDI ASTRUM 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 0. 0 (0.1 POLYEDRIOPSIS 2. 5 57.1 6.2 SCENEDESMDS 0.0 92.2 4 0.0 0.3
- 0.0 0.0 <0.1 SELENASTRUM STAURASTRUM 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 (0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 (0.1 TETRAEORON 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 1.3 0.1 TETRASTRUM UNIDENTIFIED 3.1 24.0 1. 9 CHLOROPHYTA 0.L 18. 8 BACILLARIOPHYTA 0.9 23.3 1.1 0.0 3.4 ACHN ANTHES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 <0.1 AMP R3RA 0.0 0.0 0.1 O 1.3 -
0.0 ASTERIONELLA 6.8 4.2 0.5 g COCCOMEIS 0.0 0.3 0.0 49.3 6.2 94.7 6.1 CYCLOTELLA 3.7 5.4 0.6 CYMBELLA 0.0 5.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 (0.1 EUN7FIA 0.0 <0.1 FRAGILARIA 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 <0.1 FRUSTULIA 0.0 1. 4 0.3 1.5 19.4 13.9 GOMPRONEMA 0.6 10.7, 0.5 0.0 0.0 GYROSIGMA 19.1 1.7 0.9 MELOSIRA 0.0 0.6 (0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 MERIDION 40.7 949.8 42.4 0.7 51.2 N AVICULA 0.4 104.2 43.2 14 7. 0 12.0 NITZSCSIA 0.0 0.3 0.0 < 0.1 PINNULARIA 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.7 RHOICOSPHENIA 61.4 7.2 STEPHAN0 DISCUS 0.0 115.3 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.0 < 0.1 SORIRELLA 0.1 2.9 0.1 68.1 0.6 2.4 SYMEORA
- 0. 0 0.0 0.0 16.S 0. 7 THALASSIOSIRA CYANOPHYFA 1.1 0.2 CHROOCOCCUS 0.0 3. 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 J.5 0.3 OSCILLAYORIA 58.0 8.5 0.0 113.2 38.2 SQIIZOfHRI X CHRYSOPHYTA 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 (0.1 MALLOMOWAS 3.1 726.1 197.3 1531.6 TOTAL
. O
Table 4.2-7 Species of periphytic algae composing SI or more of the total units counted in at least one replicate .d sample from SSES or Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River,19848 pH affinity as rated by Love (Raf. 4.2-27): 1 = alkaliphilous. 2 = acidophilous, 3 = indifferent, and 4 = unknown. Species pH Affinity SSES Bell Bend CELOROFETTA Actinastrum hentzschii Jun Jun Ankistrodessus falcatus Jun Jun Chlamydomonas sp. Apr Micractinium pusillum Jun Scenedessus quadricauda Jun, Oct Jun BACit. flat 0FETTA Achnaathes minutissima (1,3) Oct Asterionella formosa (1) Apr Apr Cocconsis placentula (1) Aug Cyclotella atoons (4) Oct Oct C. pseudostellisera (1,3) Oct Jun Fram11 aria crotonensis (1) Apr F. vauchertae (1,2) Apr Geesbosses anzustatus (1,4) Apr G. olivaceus (1) Aug G. pervulum (1,4) Apr (canhomens op. Apr p lostra arenulata (1) Apr . (1) Aus Aug M. varians Meridice circulare * (1) - Apr Navicula crystocephala (1) Apr (4) Aug N. Efesaris Aug,Oct -p N. salinarum var. intermedia (4) Oct N. syumetrica (4) Oct i (1,3) Apr. Jun Apr. Jun N. wiridula Jun Mitsschia acicularis (1) Jun N. dissipata (1) Apr Apr N. salea (1,3) Aug Aug Oct
- Finnularia sp. Apr Steshanodiscus invisitatus (4) Jun, Oct Jun Surirella ovata (1) Apr Apr Synedra acus (1,4) Apr Apr Synedra sp. Jun Jun Thalassiosita pseudonana (3) Oct CTANOPETTA Jun, Aug, Oct Schisothriz calcicola RBOD0FETTA Rhodochortoo sp. Apr ,
7
(% Table 4.2-8 Density (units /al) of phytoplankton in bLmonthly samples (indicated by date and collection number) at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1984. 16 APR 15 JUN 20 AuG 15 OCT MEAN 2 TOTAL TAE3M AJ G-8 4-0 01 AJ G-64-02 5 AJ G-6 4-0 51 A3 G-6 4-10 2 CHLOROPRrrA 0 240 0 94 83.4 2.5 ACTIN ASTRU M 10.5 2 510 42 854 351.9 ANKISTRODESMUS 289.6 8.7 2 20 22 1115 CHLAMYDOMONAS 0 20 0 52 18. 0 0.5 COELASTRUM 0. 7 <0.1 0 0 3 .0 COSMARIUM 21 6.3 0.2 2 0 3 CRUCICENIA 156 148. 0 4.4
' 0 430 6 OICTYOS PRAERIU M 0 37.5 1.1 0 150 0 OOLEN RINI A 3 2.9 0.1 Rt RCHN ERIELLA 2 10 0 0 240 0 42 70.4 2.1 MICRACTINIUM 10 19.0 0.6 00 CYSTIS 0 60 6 0 20 0 0 5.0 0.1 POLYEO RIOPSIS 580.2 17.4 SCENEDESMU S 5 1060 142 1115 0 0 6 0 1. 4 <0.1 SCMROCOERIA 0 2.5 0.1 0 10 0 SELEN A3TROM 20.8 0.6 STAURASTRUM 0 0 0 83 0 790 0 0 197.5 5.9 TREU 94RI A UNIDENTIFIEQ 729 326. 3 9.8 CMLOROParTA 6 420 150 B ACILLARIOPRTTA 0 6.4 0.2 ACENANTuss 6 0 19 AMPHO RA 0 0 11 0 2. 8 0.1 ASTERIONELLA 5 0 0 0 1. 2 <0.1 0 0 42 0 10.4 0. 3 COCCONEIS 8.1 CTCLorELLA 5 60 103 917 271.0 n CYMeELLA 25 0 0 0 6.2 0.2
( ) 12 0 0 0 3.1 0.1
\d F RACILARI A 0.9 GONPRONEMA 78 10 25 0 28.4 32 0 86 42 40.0 1.2 MELOSI RA MERIDION 25 0 0 . 0 6.2 0.2 23 0 117 73 53.2 1.6 N AVICU LA 260.4 7.8 NIT 2SCHIA 75 5 90 231 146 0 0 47 0 11.8 04 RROICOSPHEMEA
!TEPHAN00tSC35 18 460 86 104 1G7.2 5.0 SURIRELLA 2 0 3 0 1.1 <0.1 SY1EO RA 11 550 0 0 140.2 4.2 THALASS10SIRA 0 0 0 73 18.2 0.5 CYA40PNTTA CH R00 COCCUS 0 30 3 458 12 2.8 3.7 MICROCTSTIS 0 60 0 0 15.0 0.4 OSCILLATORI A 0 0 6 0 1. 4 <0.1 Scat 20TERIX 0 0 17 0 4.2 0.1 CHRYSOPMfTA 0 0 3 0 0.7 (0.1 DIN 05YROM 2 0 0 0 0.4 <0.1 S YNU RA R9300PHYTA 0 2.5 0.1 0 10 0 RWODOCHO RTON 335 5750 1175 6004 3336. 0 TOTAL j
4 O
t 1 4 (V Table 4.2-9 Density (units /ml) of phytoplankton in bimonthly samples (indicated by date and collection number) at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1984. 16 AP R 15 JUN 20 AUG 15 OCT TAMON AJG-84-003 AJ G-8 4- 017 AJG-84-043 M G-84 -094 MEAN % TOTAL CHLOROPHYTA ACTINASTRUM 0 280 3 21 75.9 2.1
.ANKISTR00ESMUS 3 900 25 792 429.9 11.9 CHLAMYDOWNAS 2 40 22 - 128 1 336.3 9. 3 COELASTRUM 0 10 0 0 2. 5 0.1 CRUCIOENIA 0 0 11 0 2.8 0.1 01CTY0SPHAERIUM 0 550 6 73 157.1 4.4 GOLEN KI:4I A 0 200 0 10 52.6 1.5 KIRCHNERIELLA 0 70 6 0 18.9 0.5 1.3 4
MICRACTINIGM 0 140 0 52 48.0 OOCYSTIS 0 60 0 0 15.0 0.4 PANDORINA 0 0 3 0 0.7 <0.1 POLYEORIOPSIS 0 10 0 10 5.1 0.1 SCENEDESMUS 6 1140 128 938 552.9 15.4 SCHROE0ERIA 0 20 0 0 5.0 0.1 SELEMASTRUM 0 20 0 0 5. 0 0.1 TETRAEDRON 0 20 '0 0 5.0 0.1 TE"fRASTRUM 0 20 3 146 42.2 1.2 TREUSARIA 0 850 0 0 212.5 5.9 UNIDEMTIFIED CHLOROPRrfA 3 640 83 76 0 371.7 10.3 BACILLARIOPMTTA ACHNANTHES 0 0 19 10 7.5 0.2 ASTERIONELLA 5 0 0 0 1. 2 <0.1
-COCCONEIS 0 0 81 0 20.1 0.6 100 175 792 267.1 7.4 Q['N CYCLOTELLA CYMBELLA 2
17 0 8 0 6. 3 0.2 OI ATOMA 5 0 0 0 1. 2 <0.1 FRAGILARI A 17 0 0 0 4.2 0.1 COMPHONEMA $8 0 11 21 22.6 0.6 GYR03IGMA 0 0 3 0 0.7 (0.1 1, MELOSIRA 3 0 36 21 15.0 0.4 MERIDION 43 0 0 0 10.8 0.3 NAVICULA 45 0 100 31 44.0 1.2 NEIDIUM 0 0 3 0 0.7 <0.1 MITZSCHIA 88 700 272 63 280.6 7.8 RHOICO3 PHEMI A 0 0 31 0 7.6 0.2 STEPHAN00!SC33 0 770 106 94 242.3 6.7 SURIRELLA 8 0 0 0 1. 9 0.1 SYNE 0RA 0 670 0 0 167.5 4.7 T8ALASSIOSIRA 0 0 0 52 13.0 0.4 CYANOPHYfA CHR00 COCCUS 0 70 0 354 106.0 2. 9 MERIS MOP EDI A 0 10 3 0 3.2 0.1 1 MICROCYSr!S 0 12 0 0 0 30.0 0.8 SCHI20fMRIX 0 0 6 0 1. 4 <0.1 CHRYSOPHYFA MALLOMONAS 0 10 0 0 2.5 0.1 EUGLEMOPHYrA TRAcaELOMONAS 2 0 6 0 1. 8 <0.1 TOTAL 305 7420 1147 5521 3598.2 O
Table 4.2 10 Species of phytoplankton composing 5% or more of the total units counted in at least one sample from SSES or Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River.1984; pH affinity as rated by Lowe (Raf. 4.2-27):
~ 1 = alkaliphilous. 2 = acidophilous.-3 = indifferent, and 4 = unknown. .,
Species pH Affinity SSES Bell Bend CB14ROPHTTA Ankistrudessus falcatus Jun. Oct Jun. Oct chlayadomonas sp. Oct Oct Dictvosphaerium pulchelium Jun Jun Scenedessus cuadricauda Jun. Aug. Oct Jun. Aug. Oct
. Troubaria crassispina Jun Jun BACIIJARIOPHYTA Cocconsis placentula Aug Cyclotilla atomus (4) Oct Oct C. seneshiniana . (1) -Aug Aug
'Gomphonens olivaceum (1) Apr Apr Meridion circulare (1) Apr Apr Navicula viridula (1.3) .
Apr Mitzschia acicularis (1) Apr. Jun Apr. Jun N. pales (1.3) Aug Aug Stephanodiscus invisitatus (4) Jun. Aug Jun. Aug Synedra acus (1.4) Jun Jun e v - 9 5
O O- O Table 4.2-11 Description and location of benthic macroinvertebrate sampling sites on the Susquehanna River, 1984. Station SSES BELL BEND Site 1 II I III Depth" 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.3 b pebble-cobble Substrate Type gravel-pebble gravel-pebble gravel-pebble with boulders with boulders Location 850 m upriver from 850.m upriver from 710 m downriver from 710 m downriver from t the center of the the center of the the center of the the center of the intake structure; intake structure; discharge diffuser; discharge diffuser; 30 m from the 100 m from the 40 m from the 70 m from the west bank west bank west bank west bank
" Site depth (m) when river surface elevation is 148.6 m above mean sea level (river discharge about 120 m3 /s) at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory.
Based on predominant particle size (Ref. 4.2-55).
"There tended to be accumulations of fine sediments downstream from boulders. -)
Table 4.2-12 Density (org/ma l and percent total of major groups of benthic macroinvertebrates j'~')#.
\ collected in four done samples at each station on the Susquehanna River in June and i'*"'- October, 1984.
Jt.N OCT MEAN SITE 2 2 2 TAXA ORG/M % TOTAL ORC /M % TOTAL ORG/M t TOTAL SSES QLIGOCNAETA 1139.5 19.7 1450.9 3.1 1295.2 4.9 EPHEMEROPTERA 1059.8 18.3 6622.3 14.2 3841.0 14.6 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 36.8 0.6 20340.3 43.5 .10188.6 38.8 CHIRONOMIDAE 3010.7 52.0 14772.6 31.6 8891.6 33.8 OTHER 544.4 9.4 3570.1 7.6 2057.3 7.8 TOTAL 5791.4 46757.7 26274.5 BELL BEND OLIGOCEAETA '1935.6 10.4 1343.5 3.5 1639.5 5.7 EPREMEROPTERA 3453.8 18.5 5829.5 15.2 4641.6 16.3 NYDROPSYCHIDAE 96.6 0.5 9003.0 23.4 4549.8 15.9 CHIRONOMIDAE 12067.0 64.7 19004.1 49.5 15535.6 54.4 OTHER 1111.9 6.0 3255.9 8.5 2183.9 7.7 TOTAL 18665.6 38437.1 28551.4 COMBINED OLIGOCRAETA 1537.5 12.6 1397.2 3.3 1467.4 5.4 EPREMEROPTERA 2256.7 18.5 6225.8 14.6 4241.2 15.5 KYDROPSYCHIDAE 66.7 0.5 14671.3 34.5 7369.0 26.9 CRIRONOMIDAE 7538.8 61.7 16887.3 39.7 12213.1 44.6 . OTHER 828.2 6.8 3412.6 8.0 2120.4 7.7 { TOTAL 12228.5 42597.4 27413.0 Table 4.2-13 Mean density of benthic macroinvertebrates (org/m3) collected in done samples at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River in June and October, 1978-84. JUN OCT MEAN YEAR SSES SELL SEND COMBINED SSES SELL BEND COMBINED
.f ,,
1978 16131 9459 12795 40473 15465 27969 20382 1979 22968 17241 20104 67546 35647 51596 35850 1980 54359 36037 45198 58593 18629 38611 41905 1981 36000 12199 24139 41377 20129 30753 27446 1982 18084. 10897 14490 60251 24655 42453 28472 198?. 33089 32979 33034 66919 37436 52177 42605 y.
>- HEAN 30118 19802 24960 55860 25327 40593 32777 (1978-83) 1984 5791 18666 12228 46758 38437 42597 27413 s.
e
1 Ttble 4.2-14 Mean density (org/m') and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected in four dome samples at each site on the Susquehanna River. 1984.
,n.
k )
%d SSES PERCENT BELL BEND PE RCENT STAT!CN II TOTAL ! III TOTAL SITE I TAXON 6 0 (0.1 0 0 0.0 HYDRA SP. 17 0 <0.1 ALLOEOCOELA 9 21 (0.1 5- (0.1 0 J (0.1 TRICLADIDA 8 44 51 0.2 81 34 0.2 PROSTOMA SP.
179 34 5 1.0 709 319 1.8 NEMAMDA O O 0.0 35 107 0.2 NA10!DAE 106 35 0.2 MAIS SPP. 0 0 0.0 396 1113 2.9 540 463 1.8 NAIS BEHNINGI 10 7 359 0.8 35 0 (0.1 NAIS COMMUNIS 0 0.0 Pt0GET!ELLA MICHIGANENSIS 0 110 0.2 0 385 495 1.7 753 732 2.6 7USIPICID AE 2 0 <3.1 0 2 <0.1 BOTHRIONEURUM VEJDOVSEYANUM 0 0 0.0 2 0 (0.1 150CHAETIDES PRETI <0.1 0 6 <0.1 2 2 LIMHOORILUS HOPPMEISTERI 2 6 <0.1 2 0 (0.1 QUISTADRILUS MULTISETOSUS <0.1 5 17 (0.1 11 LUfGRICOLIDAE 34 I 0 (0.1 0 0 0.0 3 STYLCDRILUS HERENCI ANUS <0.1 3 0 (0.1 O 2 GLOSSIPHON11D AE 0 (0.1 ASELLIDAE O O 0.0 6 , 0 0 0.0 0 6 <0.1 ! AP9HIPODA 0 0 0.0 2 0 (0.1 CAMMARIDAE 0 <0.1 CRAN 00NYX SP. 0 0 0.0 2 20 0 (0.1 35 0 (0.1 PLECOPTERA 0 0 0.0 NEMOU RIDAE 2 0 <0.1 0 0 0.0 3 0 <0.1 LEUCTRA SP. 8 <0.1 PERLIDAE 67 17 0.2 9 5 2 <0.1 2 21 <0.1 ACRONEURIA SPP. 0 0 0.0 NEOPERLA SP. 2 0 (0.1 26 31 0.1 0 5 <0.1 PNASGANOPRORA SP. 0 0 0.0 PERLESTA SP. 2 0 (0.1 2 0 40.1 0 0 0.0 EPHEME 30PTERA 144 103 0.5 212 482 1.2 EPHORON SP. 1104 3.3 POf AMANTHUS SPP. 1267 916 4.2 807 130 74 0.4 400 304 1.2 CAEMIS SP. <0.1 [O (/ j EPHEMERELLIDAE DIEJNELLA *LEERI 6 8 6 0
<0.1
<0.1 25 2
0 6 2
<0.1 (0.1 ;
l 0 0 0.0 0 EPHEMERELLA SPP. 0 0.0 EPBEMERELLA INVARIA 3 0 (0.1 0 , i (0.1 5 0 (0.1 SER*ATELLA DEPICIENS 11 12
<0.1 8 A ET1DAE 52 2 0.1 6 2 14 2 (0.1 0 0 0.0 SAETI S SP. 61 0.2 ISONYCHIA SP. 328 55 0.7 78 1210 541 3.3 1038 128 7 4.1 REPTAGEN!!DAE 179 0.7 HEPTA GEN I A SPP. 97 90 0.4 233 RHITHROGEN A SP. 9 0 <0.1 0 0 0.0 0 11 <0.1 58 31 0.2 STENACRON SPP. <0.1 STE4ACRON INTERPUNCTATUM 41 23 0.1 9 2 48 6 0.1 14 6 (0.1 STENONEMA SPP. 20 <3.1 STENONEMA ITHACA 29 14 <0.1 3 1416 730 4.1 787 1675 4.3
. STEN 0 NEMA PULCHELLUM 0.2 STE40 NEMA TERMINATUM 221 58 0.5 150 29G
$ 0 <0.1 2 0 <0.1 STE10 NEMA VICARIUM 3 0 <0.1 0 0 0.0 COMPMIDAR <0.1 i
COEN4GR10N10AE 15 8 <0.1 5 3 I 2 <0.1 9 17 <0.1 SIALIS SP. 8 0 (0.1 0 0 0.0 f CORYDALU9 9P. 5 3 0 (0.1 0 0 0.0 CLOSSOSOMAT!DAC 0 <0.1 h CHIMARRA SP. 72 0 0.1 2 0 0.0 6 6 (0.1 POLYCENTROP00!D AC 0 233 15 0.5 57 18 0.1 ' NEURECLIPSIS SP. 0 (0.1 POLYCENTROPUS SP. 0 2 <0.1 2 0 2 <0.1 0 2 (0.1 RYDROPSYCMIDAC (PUPAE) 2479 6419 15.6 CHEUMATOPSYCHE SPP. 11305 7778 36.3 0 2 <0.1 2 0 (0.1 CHEUMATCPSYCHE SPP.(PUPAE) 0 <0.1 NYDROP9fCRE SPP. 20 5 <0.1 2 0 2 <0.1 17 0 <0.1 NYDROPSYCHE SPP.(PUPAE) 0 0.3 NYOROPSYCRC BIPIDA CR. 15 5 <0.1 0 52 9 0.1 0 2 <0.1 HYDROPSYCHE MOROSA 130 HYDROPSYCHE PMALERATA 675 486 2.2 A9 0.3 9 (0.1 0 0 0.0 MACROSTEMUM SPP. 12 0 2 (0.1 0 0 0.0 MACRO 3TEMUM SPP.(PUPAE) 6 <0.1 HYDh0PTILA SPP. 0 0 0.0 0 l 5 u ____.__m
Table 4.2-14 (cont.) lV $SES PE RCENT BELL BENO P ERCENT STATION It! total I 11 TOTAL t SITE TAXON
<0.1 la 34 <0.1 2 14 0.1 LEPTOCERIDAt <0.1 46 23 CERACLEA SPP. 8 11. 0 <0.1 3 (0.1 2 0 0 (0.1 CERACLEA ANCYLUS 0 9 (0.1 2 CERACLEA MENTIEA 0 0.0 6 6 <0.1 0 1.2 MYSTACIDES SPP. 156 0.7 231 414 NECTOPSYCHE SP. 123 58 0.2 14 40 0.1 60 OECtTIS SPP. 25 12 <0.1 29 15 (0.1 0.2 OEcstts AVARA 2 6 (0.1 55 71 OECETIS CINERASCE18 0 3 (0.1 0 0 0.0 LEPIDOSTOMA SP. 0 0 0.0 2 0 (0.1 0.0 SEICSUS SP. 0 (0.1 0 0 8 (0.1 PSEPHENUS SP. 5 <0.1 9 2 8 <0.1 OU81RAPHI A 3P. 15 <0.1 6 14 28 1.8 QPT105tRVUS SP. 592 2. 4 4 34 566 STE1ELMts SP. 6 73 3 <0.1 26 11 (0.1 2 0.0 STE1ELMIS SP.(ADULFS) 2 (0.1 0 0 TIPULIDAE O
<0.1 0 0 0.0
'9 6 0.4 SIMULIID AE 1.2 50 140 HEMElt3DROMI A SP. 482 16 3 21 0.1 15 0 <0.1 55 CERATCPOG)N!DAE 0 0 0.0 O 35- <0.1 1.1 CHIRONOMICAE 0.7 216 396 14 3 216 71 0.2 CHI RONOMID AC (PUP AE) O 0.0 35 O 35 0.1 TANYPODINAE 0 0.0 35 0 0.9 A8LASESMY1 A SPP. 0.5 143 360 143 107 (0.1 ASLABESMYIA M LLOCHI 0 (0.1 0 35 NILOTANYPUS SP. 35 0 0.0 35 <0.1 0 0 1.0 PROCLA0105 SP. 4.3 2121 3018 719 1546 <0.1 THIENEMANNIMYI A CR. O 0.0 0 35 CHIROM3 MIN AE O
0.0 468 0 0.8 0 0 2. 3 CatRONOMUS SPP. 0 0.0 1115- 179 0 1.4 CRYPTOCHIRON3PEJS SPP. 35 <0.1 647 143 DICROTEN0! PES SPP.
~0 35 0 <0.1 0 0 0.0 0.2 DICROTEM0! PES NEOM00CSTUS 0 0.0 10 7 35 0 0.6 Cuo0CHIRON3MUS SPP. 0.0 215 143
((/O) CLYP?JTENGIPES SP. MICROTEN0! PES SP. 143 0 431 0 1.1 4745 0 2876 35 13.3
<0.1 35 0 (0.1 PARACHIRONOMUS A80RTIVUS 0.3 173 17d 0.6 POLYPE0! LUM C04VICTUM 35 107 35 0.4 0 72 0.1 216 POLYPEDILUM NR. SCALAENUM 18.3 2121 4747 12.0 RHEOTANYTARSUS SP P. 4926 4710 0 0.0 35 <0.1 0
$7tNOCHIRON3MUS SP . 0 4.0 143 0.4 755 1546 TANYTLDSUS SPP. 71 791 2.4 35 0 (0.1 $75 3 AV PELI A CR . 0 0.0 35 0 <0.1 SYMPOTTHASTIA SP. 0 0.2 O 0.0 71 35 O
ORTM3CLADtINAE 107 3.3 0 215 0.4 CORYMONEURA SPP. 35 683 2.J 971 1115 4.0 466 CRICOTOPVS SPP. 468 1.8 179 173 U.6 CRICOTCPUS SICINCTUS 466 0 0.0 0 0.4 0 EUETEFFERIELLA SPP. 216 E3 K!EFP ERIELLA 0 0.1 0 0 0.0 COERJLESCENS CR. 72 429 1. 3 - 0 107 0.2 322 NANOCLADIUS SPP. <0.1 35 0 <0.1 0 35 0 (0.1 THI ENEMANNIELLA SP P. 107 0.8 35 TVETENI A DISCOLORIPCS CR. 324 2 0 (0.1 0 0 0.0 40 (0.1 MELISOMA SP . 58 0.2 17 FERRISSI A SP. 23 40 0.2 20 12 (0.1 60 PtSIO!UM SP. 0.4 190 158 0.6 73 132 SPHAERIUM SPP. 0% V
a Table 6.2 15 Benthic ascroinvertebrates collected in done samples at SSES (SS) and Bell Bend (ER) on the Susquehanna diver, jq' 197$=84. Aa esterisk (*) denotes macroinvertebrates collected or identified for the iirst time in 1984. 9S MB SS BS Coelenterata Hydroida Ephemeroptera Hydridae Ephemeridae K Ephemem sp. K Hydra sp. I Platyhelminthes tie agenia limbata K K Turbe11 aria Hazagenia sp. K K Allaeocoela K K . Polymitarcidae Ephoren sp. K K Tricladida K K Nesertines Fotamenthidae Tetraetemmatidae Potamanthus spp. K K Prostoma sp. K K Caenidae Neestoda K I Caenis sp. K K Entoproeta Tricorythidae ihmatella gmanlis K K :'ricorythodas afbilineatus gr. K Annelida 011gochaeta Tricorythodes sp. 1 K Lumbricidae K Ephemerellidae Naididae Danella cornktella K K Nais bekningi K K 0. valkeri X K
. N. bretscheri K K Crunella spp. K K N. ccereutis K K Ephemerella dorothea K K N. elinguis K E. ezerucians K N. pardalis K E. invaria K K N. simple: K I E. neecharti X Mats spp. K K E. septentrionalis K Piguatiella Ephemerella spp. K K eichiganensis K K Lurylophella bicolor K K Slavina appendici. lata K K E. cozalis K Tubificidae E. lutulanta K Autodrilus limobius K Eurylophella spp. K K Bothrionsume terratella deficians K K vejdovskyana - K* K* 3. sordida K Isochastides freyi K* Serm tella spp. K K Ilmodritus hoffissisteri K I Leptophlebiidas p) t v
Osistadritus multisatosus Lumbriculidae K L Baecidae Paraleptophlebia adcptiva Paraleptcphlebia sp. K K Lumbriculus sp. I K Baetis macdw:noughi K
- Styloirilus heringianus K K 3. nr. propinquus K Hirudinea S. trimudatka x Cloesiphoniidae Saetis spp. K K Actinobdella Heterocioecn curiosum K inequiannulata K Tseudocioecn carolina K Erpobdellidae K Pseudocicson sp. 1 K Arthropoda Siphionuridae Crustacea isonychia sp. K K Isopoda Heptagen11das Asellus sp. K K Epeorus sp. K K Amphipoda Heptagenia spp. K K Cmngons sp. K* Jhit%rogena sp. K K Camans sp. I K 5tenacmn interpunctatum K K Jtenaamn spp. K K Decapoda K K Jtenonents schaca K K Aetacidae lasecta 5. w diopunctatum X K J. modesem K K Collembola lsotomidae 5. pulchellum K K
!. ter inatm K K Zootomurus palustris K K Plecoptera S. vicarium K X K* Stenonens spp. K 1 Nemouridae Taeniopterygidae Odonata Strophopterjz fasciata K Anisoptera K*
fannicpteryz sp. K K Gomphidae Leuctridae stylogomphus albistylus K Leseem sp. K K* Kygopters Ferlidae Coenagrionidae Acroneurta abnomia K Argia sp. K K K A. Lycerias K Hemiptera Acroneurta spp. K K veliidae Necperla olymene K K Microvelia sp. K
#eoperla sp. K K Melaloptera Phaspanopham capitata K K Sialidas K Sialis sp. K K Phanganophora op. K Perlest& sp. K Corydalidae Feriodidae 1 Chauliodes sp. I Corydalus ccrnutus
'{JO} Corydalus sp.
K K K 4
.y- v -t. - - . - .- ,n. , -
r ,- -
e Table 4.2-15 (cont.)
/ \ 55 38 I n-
- SS B8
. , kd Trichoptera Diptera (cont.)
Tabanidae K 1 Clossosomatidae Agapetus sp. K Atheticidae ' Classosom sp. K Atheri sp. K Empididae K K Protoptila sp. K Nemerodromia spp. K 1 Philopotamidae K K Chimrm obscura K X Ceratopogonidae Chimrm sp. K 1 Chironomidae Polycentropodidae Tanypodinae Beureclipsis sp. K K , Ablabesmyia mnzllocki K K A. ornata K K Polyc.atmpus sp. K K Hydropsychidae A. pelsensis K A. rhampi.e K K Cheumatopsyche opp. K I Eydropsyche bifidz gr. K 1 Ablabeampia spp. K K H. hageni K Labrundinia sp. K K R. morosa K K McCropelopia sp. K
#. phalerata K K Nilotanypus sp. K K Pmoladius sp. K K
#. simulans K
#. sparta K Psecre tanypus sp. K K. palania K Thienemannkyia gr. K K Bydropsyche opp. K K Chironceinae Necrostamunt carolina K Chironomus decorus gt. K M. sebmewt K K Chironomus spp. K K Cryptochironomus blarina K K Nacmstannnn app. 1 K C. fuloks gr. K K Hydroptilidae Cryptochironomhs spp. 1 K Agmyled sp. K K
#pdroptila sp. K K Demicryptochironomus sp.
Cchrotrichia sp. K Cicmtendiges neomodestka K K Phrygemeidae Dicrotendipeo app. K K Ptilostaris sp. K Endochironomus nigricans K K Leptocaridae K Caraclea alagma K K Endochironcmus sp. K C. ancylus K K* Clyptotendipes sp. K K
#arnischia gr. K K K C. flava Nicratendipes sp. K K C. maculata K K Ailothauma sp. I C. mentiaa K K Parachironmus abortivus K K C. neffi K K C. nepina K K P. carinatus K K
'*% C. tareipunctata K K P. frequens K K
, { } Caraclea sp. II K K Parachtronomus spp. K K Es' Caraclea spp. K K ParalauterbornielL1
#petacides nr. elachista K Phaenopsecem sp. K K alafimbriata K A)stacides spp. I K Polypedilum convicter K K P. fallar gr. K K
#ectopeyche sp. I 1 Cecetis ava n K K P. illinoense K
- 0. cine nscens K K P. nr. scalaenwt K K 0, inconspicua K K Polypedilum spp. K K
- 0. nocturna K Rheocanytarcus distincticstmus gr. K K Cecetis spp. I K Lepidostomatidae R. eriguas gr. X X Lepidostoma sp. K K hheotanytarsus spp. K K K 1 Stenochironsfus sp. I Lepidoptera Stictochircnomus sp. K Noctuidae K Coleoptera Tanytarsus cof.%zni K fanycarsus spp. K K Gyrinidae K K Dineutus sp. K lribelos fusicornis K K Hydrophilidae 1 K f. ,fucundus K K Sarosus sp. I K Caprelic gr. K K Psephanidae Diamesinae Cixresa sp. K Psephenus herricki X Psaudadiaresa sp. 1 Psephanus sp. K K Cympotchastia sp. I K .
Elaidae Orthocladiinae Cubimphia pietata 1 K Srfilia sp. K Dubiraphia sp. 1 K K Canfiocladius sp. K Macronychus sp. K Cptioservus trivittatus K Corynoneum celeriges K Cptioservus sp. K I C. caris K K Corynonsum app. K K Stenelmis bicarinata K K Cricotopus hicinctus K K S. men K C. tremulus K K Scenelmis spp. K 1 Cricotopus spp. K K Diptera Tipulidae 1 1 fikkiefferiella coerulescens gr. K* Antocha saricola K K Eukiefferiella spp. K Arttoche sp. K K
#esatonas sp. K iieterotriacoJladius it. K K 1 Nanocladius spp. K K A Psychodidae Crthocladius sp. K K simuliidae K K (V} Simuliusr spp. K 1 l
1 4 1 l
^ e ?
. Table 4.2 15 (cont. )
SS BB 1
.( Orthocladiinae (cont.)
Tarametricenemus sp. K K Eksocricotcpus spp. K K
. ynorthociadius sp. K K Thienemanniella spp. K K T' Tvetsnia bavarica gr. K K k
E T. discoloripes gt. K K Tustenia spp. K K
- Mollusca Gastropoda ,
i Physidae Thysa sp. K K Lynnacidae Ignriada sp. I K ~', Planerbidae Cyraulus sp. I E ' helisome ancepts K
#aliscma sp. K. K
- Ancy11dae .
4 Ferrissia sp. K K 4 Fleuroceridae Coniobasis virginicu K j' Pelecypoda Sphaeriidae Tisidi m casertan a K K Pisidi m sp. K K Ephaaria tmnsverswr K K Ephaeri m spp. K. K Unicaidae- K h 4 h 1
'e.
Table 4.2-1'6-
-D weight (g/m#) and percent total of major groups of benthic macroinvertebrates
-co lected in two done samples at each station on the Susquehanna River in Jure and October,1984.
-U -. 3,3 SITE TAXA G/M 2
% TOTAL c/M 2 % TOTAL G/M % TOTAL SSES OLICOCHAETA 0.2 1?.6 s0' .1 0.5 0.1 3.4 EPHEMEROPTERA 0. 6 - 62.8 0.9 16.1 0.8 - 23.3 TRICHOPTERA 0.1 13.0 4.1 75.4 2.1 65.7 DIPTERA <0.1 1.4 <0.1 0.9 e<0.1 1.0 OTHER 50.1 3.2 0.4 7.1 80 .2 6.6 TOTAL 1.0 5.$ 3.2 BELL BEND -
OLIGOCHAETA 40.1 4.0 <0.1 0.9 *0.1 1.4 ' EPHEMEROPTERA 0.5 86.2 0.8 28.8 0.6 38.2 TRICHOPTERA <0.1- 1.1 1.7 61.7 0.9 51.8
' DIPTERA -40.1 4.4 0.1 4.5 <0.1 4.5 OTHER <0.1 4.3 0.1 4.1 <0.1 4.1 TOTAL 0.5 2.8 1.7 .
COMBINED OLIGOCHAETA 0.1 14.1 <0.1 0.6 *0.1 2.7 EPBEMEROPTERA 0.6 71.1 0.8 20.4 0.7 28.4 TRICHOPTERA <0.1 8.8 2.9 70.7 1.5 61.0 DIPTERA <0.1 2.5 <0.1 2.1 <0.1 2.2 , OTHER <0.1 3.5 0.3 6.2 0.1 5.7 TOTAL 0.8 4.1 2.5 w Table 4.2-17 2 Mean dry weight of benthic macroinvertebrates (g/m ) collected with a dome sampler at 2SES' and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River in June and October, 1978-84. JUN OCT MEAN BELL BEND COMBINED' SSES BELL BEND COMBINED YEAR SSES 0.5 0.7 3.9 1.0 2.4 1.6 1978 0.8 0.7 0.6 8.5 2.9 5.7 3.2 1979 0.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 4.6 1.6 3.1 2.2 1980 2.7 1.1 1.9 4.5 2.2 3.4 2.6 1981
' 1982 2.7 1.4 2.0 9.7 2.4 6.0 4.0 2.1 1.4 1.8 6.6 2.3 4.5 3.1 1983 MEAN 1.7 1.1 1.4 6.3 2.1 4.2 2.8 (1978-83) 1.0 0.5 0.8 5.5 2.8 4.1 2.5 1984
~)
k 4 4 n- w- ,,mrw s..' - --,m-. r-+- + - - - a w, ,- ,,n ., ,,-, -w,--, ---rng.~-, n-,--,n -e<n-
-5 '
- NJ SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION
)
SPRAY PCND CO
-SSES
' * '- SUSQUEHANNA SES w BIOLOGICAL LITTLE
- A W AP WALLOPEN LABORATORY (s CREEK g
COOLING '% ,,,, TOWERS +s k TAKE DISCHARGE 'g NORTH O SAMPLING SITES A A ALGAE EEL WALLS O BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE 300
?!l V O
uETERS __ BELL BEND SUSQUEHANNA RIVER WAPWALLOPEN CREEK Fig. 4. 2-1 Algae ana benthic macroinvertebrate sampling sites at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1984. ,
l l a O UNIT 1 TOWER E UNIT 2 TOWER
- --- PREOPER ATION OPERATION 350-Q W
H _ O W _1 _J
's
(~/ O 250~ r400 u O _U_N I T_1_ _ ,p
- - - - - ,- - - t - - - - =
g _ Q l ! j j Z - l l W 5 ! ! l t
! 2 f
W i l l W O
' l[l i >
Z 150 - l lI ' r -
! -300 O C
Lt.J s I q Q '! 2 l l ,
~
Eji
.' 2
~
-) -
UNIT
/ I: ;
y Z / ll ,t ! , _ _ El _ 2_ , _
,; , j; ; y Ii ! i '!' _J l
i i ,, y 50- - ! l : i; L2OO I i 1 W D E I t 3 O i i, li EEI
.,-O O
, . ., .- i , . .. .
g SA SA SA SA SA SA SA 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Fig. l+.2-2 [] v Total number of impacted birds collected at the Unit 1 and 2 cooling towers of the Susquehanna SES during spring and autumn migrations from 1978 through 1984 with the elevation of each tower during the same period. No data were collected at the Unit 1 tower before autumn 1978 and at the Unit 2 tower before spring 1981.
O l
)
l SSES , p 4-m 5-gs ~
- 0
- __h .
it iil _ . il _Il I . JI ni. o M . x "*^**' BELL BEND y ., a . . .. Y t O O i; .. = O " . e* 3, b. 1" - n - -
! e t-
'L ... la isrr ist e iers isso l-F a 4 A O D F a e aO 9 7 a e a0 0 F a J aO O P a e a 0 O F a e a 0 0 F a 4 a0 0 a J ao isei
.ci :,
iser lh ises s.l ese. Fig. 4.2-3 2 Standing crop of periphytic algae (units /mm ) on cumulative acrylic plates 5 at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1977-84. 3- ---w--o.-y-g--.*v, v-+-,mmy-.,-,,,a _gwy,9.,. p7-.,%w,9gww.,,,w--g,g.- ,..,,-yvW-y %iqq- ,9.-..,,4,~ . _ . ~ ,m----er--- - , , , , ye
O ro. 45 y GC- l ss- p
~
so. SSES 4s. Q 40' gg. so-2S' 30' ,j
- - m__ m_. __ m - = _
N 5 a . .. E DIATC'.tS
' s s. O GREENS h g, O 8LUE GREENS
- y es. BELL BEND 5 .o.
30< IS< E Eo- O p I S-C n
]
^ , Y1.:...*r: tmYk. . . . .?. nhh ,% Nix b 1977 l978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Fig. 4.2-4 Standing crop of phytoplankton (units /ml) from bimonthly samples taken at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1977-84.
-------------s--,.-.--..,_.. . . - . , _ . . . . _ _ _ _ , , , ~ , , , , . , _ . . , _ , , . ..._...m____,,,...,_______.,,,,.,,,,_m ,m.,. . _ _ . _ , _ , _ , , , , _ , , , _ ,
O
~
5-SSES 4- --- BELL BEND N 3 3-s e 2- ~_ i- s , s o i i i i i i i i i So - O '"o 40 - 1 / f's s u
/
s 30 - N f W l 3 20 - ,f- 's s / y ~_-- /
< N s e'
@ N s ,/
- . o s o , i i i i i i i i
- -76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84
)
4 I l Fig. 4.2-5 l- Annual mean biomass (g/m') and density (org/m*) of benthic macroinvertebrates at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1976-84. The 1983 and 1984 means tre based on June and October samples. _r --- , .- -
. . - - - - , , . . . . _ . ,,m.., .__..-e.__.____-~
-O 40 - 8 CHIRONOMIDAE E EPHEMEROPTERA E OLIGOCHAETA O OTHER O HYDROPSYCHIDAE _
E
- BELL BEND E " .
20 -
- h 10 - s!
^
= $
M
#0 _
i i i i i i- i i i i 9 O E 40 - SSES 30 - 5_ 20 - By : N
, i 10 - .
O Yi T 7 7- -7 7: , 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 O r1 8. 4.2-e 2"":0 ::""2:':"m' F,N7s-eenfer=%sTi 1 e$ Yahsa pie er 1975-77.
0.0 - O.1 - 0.2 - O.3 - 0.4 - 0.5 - l O.6 -
/]
( O.7 -
~ . .
i O.8 - 0.9 - 1.0 - SI S2 SI S2 81 Bl B3 B3 SI SI S2 S2 BI BI B3 B3 JUNE OCTOBER Fig. 4.2-7 Dendrogram of the cluster analysis of Bray-Curtis similarity matrices for 1984 benthic macroinvertebrate data at SSES I (SI), SSES II (S2), Bell Bend I (B1), - and Bell Bend III (B3) on the Susquehanna-River in June and October 1984.
5.0 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 5.1 REVIEW AND AUDIT The Licensee has established procedures for an independent group to review and audit compliance with the EPP. Audits of EPP compliance were conducted by the
-Nuclear Quality Assurance Department with support from the Environmental Management' Department in 1984. All findings identified were satisfactorily resolved and did not indicate a significant deterioration of the activities being audited.
The Manager-Nuclear Support is responsible for off-site environmental matters and for providing any related support concerning licensing. In addition, the Superintendent of Plant-Susquehanna is responsible for on-site environmental matters. The Manager-Nuclear Quality Assurance with support from the Super-visor-Environmental Planning / Auditing is responsible for verifying compliance with the EPP. Figure 5.1-1,' Auditing Organizational Chart, lists the various groups utilized in environmental reviewing and auditing of the Susquehanna'SES Environmental Monitoring Programs. 5.2 RECORDS RETENTION Records and logs relative to the environmental aspects of plant operation and audit activities are retained in the Susquehanna Records Management System. This system provides for a convenient review and inspection of environmental documents which shall be made available to the NRC upon request. O Records of modifications to the plant structures, systems and components determined to potentially affect the continued protection of the environment shall be retained for the life of the plant. All other records, data and logs relating to the environmental programs and monitoring shall be retained for five~ years or, where applicable, in accordance with the requirements of other agencies. 5.3 CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN There were no requests for changes in the EPP during 1984. 5.4 PLANT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 5.4.1 ROUTINE REPORTS This Annual Environmental Operating Report was prepared to meet routine reporting requirements of the EPP for 1984. This report provides summaries and analyses of environmental protection activities required in Subsection 4.2 of the EPP for the reporting period. Included in Subsection 4.2 of this report are environment comparisons with nonradiological preoperational studies, and an assessment of observed impacts of plant operation on the environment. During 1984, there were no significant effects or evidence of trends towards irreversible damage to the environment. 5-1
5.4.2 NONROUTINE REPORTS All nonroutine events that were reportable during 1984 were reported to either 9 federal, state or local agencies in accordance with their reporting require-ments in lieu of requirements of Subsection 5.4.2 of the EPP. The NRC was provided with a copy of these reports. O t l l l O 5-2 L
FIGURE 5.121 O AUDITING ORGANIZATION CHART SR. VICE PRESIDENT-NUCLEAR I I^ ' ""' ^ ' 6" O . l
! I I SUPERVISOR-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGER- SUPERINTENDENT OF PLANNING / AUDITING NUCLEAR SUPPORT PLANT-SUSQUEHANNA O
.....,..,,,..,,,__.,..-_.,_.,-v,.7,,, , _ - , _ , . . - - y,__- _-_ - _ _ , - , . ~ _ ~
,,,.,.,.,__,_.-.,._,._,__m_ e___ , _ _ , _ ___,,4_ ,_ . . _ _ . . _
t l i
.O EXHIBIT 1 I
o Shad Impingement Survey O . S 0
ICHTHYOLOGICAL ASSOCIATES, INC. SUSQUEHANNA SES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY HoMA.JP. R.D. #1. BERWICK. PA.18603 yE*00,"8 V1^h8"6,",,,h wtwAM F.CALE. Ph.D. 30 F Aquiz Remerth Dascw non wrm igugo,mournygD.
"'*^::1 c'55".**
23 October 1984 Richard St. Pierre U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service PO Box 1673 Harrisburg, PA 17105-1673
Dear Dick:
No juvenile American shad were collected during surveys of the intake screens at the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (4 Sep-12 Oct) and the Hunlock Steam Electric Station (24 Aug-12 Oct). Personnel from Ichthyological Associates conducted the survey at the Susquehanna SES and plant staff from UGI n monitored their own screens at the Hunlock SES. At Susquehanna, screen checks (~) were made once each day, Monday through Friday (washes from Saturday and Sunday wereincludedintheMondaywash). At Hunlock, checks were made daily. Unfortunately, routine maintenance at both generating stations conflicted with the survey this year. PP&L removed silt from the intake bays at the Susquehanna SES from 4 through 17 September. During this period, the station was on-line and river water was drawn through the screens, but screen washes were not done daily. In addition, our sampling baskets twisted during the washes which may have reduced sampling efficiency. The Hunlock SES was off-line from 5 September through 12 October when only a fraction of the on-line amount of river water was drawn through the screens. Because of these situations, it is doubtful that many juvenile sh'ad would have been collected even if they were very abundant in this stretch of the Susquehanna River. If you have any questions or comment please contact me at your convenience. Respect 11y yours, . h 1
- t. A The are V. Jacob en, Proje Director TVJ/msh (o) copy to: J. S. Fields T. Robbins
O EXHIBIT 2 o Sound Level Measurements Near Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Site 1984 0 . 9 O e
Bolt B3ransk and Nswman Inc. 8=:= :: O Report No. 3024A-9 Sound Level Measurements Near Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Site 1984 Operation Noise Progress Report J.D. Bames and EW. Wood O . April 1985 Prepared for: Pennsylvania Power and Ught Company l 'O 9
-- -.n,, nm.,------a- -- -- - , ,e --- , , . , , , ,, e--,-,,------- - - - -
O Report No. 3024A-9 SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENTS NEAR SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION SITE 1984 Operation Noise Progress Report J.D. Barnes and E.W. Wood April 1985 O Prepared by: Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. 10 Moulton Street Cambridge, MA 02238 Prepared for: Pennsylvania Power and Light Company Two North Ninth Street Allentown, PA 18101 i
. R3 port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baranck and Nawman Inc..
O
- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES.............................................. iii iii LIST OF TABLES...............................................
1 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION....................................
- 2. SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENTS AT PRIMARY AND 5
SECONDARY LOCATIONS............................. 7
- 3. SUPPLEMENTAL SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENTS...........
8
- 4. ASSESSMENT......................................
APPENDIX L. HAN'D-HELD TAPE RECORDED DATA - September 1984 Operation Sound Pressure Levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-1 () APPENDIX M. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA - September 1984............. M-1 9 4 4 O u 1 W e
^
Report No. 3024A-9 Bolt Bercnsk cnd Newarn Inc. o b,~< LIST OF FIGURES Page FIG. 1. Map of general area near the Susquehanna SES
- site showing primary and secondary sound level measurement locations and site property line.... 9 FIG. 2. Photograph of main station complex taken in August 1984. View looking to the southwest. . . . . 10 FIG. 3. Narrowband A-weighted sound pressure levels obtained at location 2' - 1984 Operation........ 11 FIG. 4. Narrowband A-weighted sound pressure levels obtained at location 3 - 1984 Operation......... 12 FIG. 5. Narrowband A-weighted sound pressure levels obtained at location 4 - 1984 Operation......... 13 FIG. 6. Narrowband A-weighted sound pressure levels obtained at location 5 - 1984 Operation......... 14
() FIG. 7. Narrowband A-weighted sound pressure levels obtai'ned at location 7 - 1984 Operation......... 15 FIG. M-1 Map of area within five miles of Susquehanna SES
- site showing distant supplemental sound level measurement locations and site property lines... M-2 LIST OF TABLES Table I. List of instruments used during trip showing dates of laboratory calibration................. 16 Table II. Summary of Continuous Sound Level Measurements At "rimary Locations Near Susquehanna SES Site ,1984 (dB(A)]............................. 17 Table III. Summary of Non-Continuous Sound Level Measurements at Secondary Locations Near Susquehanna SES Site - 1984 [d B ( A ) ] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 111 1
1
R; port No. 1024A-9 Bolt Baranck cnd Nswmrn Inc. .O %J
- 1. INTRODUCTION Pennsylvania Power and Light Company (PPL) -has sponsored an the Susquehanna Steam environmental noise monitoring program at Electric Station (Susquehanna SES) s'ince 1972. This is the tenth report in the series of progress reports that present the results in the vicinity of of the environmental noise measurements made The first seven reports in this series summarize the the site.
in the years 1972 ambient and construction noise measurements through 1981. The eighth report presents data obtained with Unit 2 in 1 in the operation phase and undergoing testing , and Unit the ninth report contains the the latter stages of construction; data collected with Unit 1 in operation and Unit 2 in the final stages of construction. This report summarizes the acoustic data and observations obtained with Unit 1 in operation and Unit 2 in the precommercial operation phase. Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. (BBN) obtained these measurements during the week of 24-28 ( ') to update the acoustic description of the September 1984 community near the site and to provide suf ficient data for the Susquehanna SES Annual Operating Report. Similar to our procedures for conducting the previous. surveys, BBN reviewed the community measurement locations to verify that they continue to represent the noise sensitive land uses in the areas near Susquehanna SES. The dominant noise sensitive land uses near the site remain rural and low density residential housing. The selected measurement locations con- in sidered the existing on-site and nearby of f-site noise sources For the purpose of satisfy-addition to topographical barriers. ing the requirements of PPL's Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) BBN again selected three Non-Radiological, dated 17 July 1982, locations near the site for primary measurements and two loca- In tions f arther from the site for secondary measurements. O V 1
R0 port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Beransk and N1wman Inc.
/
(_ addition to EPP requirements,.five locations distant from the site that were employed in previous surveys were also retained for supplemental measurements. Unit 1 operated at 87% - 100% and Unit 2 at 48% - 98% of rated load during the week of 24-28 September 1984. The Unit.1-cooling tower water flow rate during the survey was approximately 7000 gpm, with the Unit 2 cooling tower water flow rate less than that figure during lower load operation. Construction of Unit 1 was 100% complete and Unit 2 was 99%- complete with commercial operation scheduled for early 1985. Approximately 100 construction people f rom outside contractors were working on first shif t and none on second or third shif ts. Site work outdoors included minor earthmoving on the east and south sides of the plant. Indoor work involved mostly PPL employees performing final work on Unit 2. A total of 1000 people are employed for the operation of ; l( ) This total includes of fice and administration, Units 1 and 2. ~ plant operation, and security personnel. This number is expected to increase by about 1000 people during times of scheduled outages, which may last 2 ' to 3 months. Other than the construction work described above, little outdoor activity was f observed by the measurement team during the survey period. The weather conditions varied during the measurement period with generally clear or light overcast skies, daytime tempera-tures of 75* to 80*F and light breezes early in the week, yielding to cooler and breezier weather and cloudy skies later in the week and with intermittent light rain on Thursday night (27 - 28 September 1984). Figure 1 illustrates the current primary and secondary measurement locations near the site. A photo of the main power 2 O t
+
e 4
+orw - w,wer .r+ ---~r,w.w-eme.
R2 port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baransk and Nswman Inc. %/ block, taken in August 1984 with Unit 1 in operation and Unit 2 in precommercial operation is presented in Fig. 2. ' The field measurement and calibration techniques employed in the September 1984 survey were similar to those used in the 1982 and 1983 surveys. Table 1 lists the measurement instruments that' the field team used for the 1984 survey _and includes their latest laboratory calibration dates. These instruments were selected to be appropriate for the required field measurements. They conform to applicable standards issued by the American National Standards 3 Institute l,2 (ANSI) and meet the Society of Automotive Enginee_rs (SAE) recommended sound data acquisition requirements. Acoustic _ calibrations that are performed periodically in the laboratory are traceable to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). Figure 3 in our previous report 4 summarizes the overall check and _ calibration procedures that are used for each instrument. At each primary location, the field team obtained 24-hour ( measurements with a continuous sound level monitoring system. The team also performed hand-held measurements .at the primary locations, as well as the secondary locations. These hand-held 1 measurements involved tape recording _ the sound, noting the audible sound sources, and' observing the weather conditions lANSI Sl.4 - 1971 (R1983) American National Standard for Sound Level Meters. 2 ANSI Sl. ll - 1966 (R1976) American National Standard Specification for Octave, Half-Octave, and Third-Octave Band Filter Sets. 3SAE J184A-1970 (R1978) Qualifying a Sound Data Acquisition System. 4" Sound Level Measurements Near Susquehanna Steam Electric ' Station Site 1983," BBN Report No. 3024A-8, April 1984. 3 i
R0 port'No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baranck and Nawman Inc. b
. audible sound sources, and observing the' weather conditions during each sampling period at- the selected locations. Each l
sampling period was approximately ten minutes long. After returning frem the field, the measurement t' e mn analyzed the tape recordings to yield narrowband and octave band sound pressure level and A-weighted sound level data for each time period. In
; addition to collecting data at the primary and secondary locations, the' field team obtained supplemental hand-held tape recordings and observations at the five locations more distant -
from Susquehanna SES, illustrated in Fig. M-1 in Appendix M. The following sections present the results of the sound level measurements. 1 P r-O . 4
,e t
--w-- ,_-,.-s_.,.- . , , , - . .,-,, , .,.__,-_y.--
, . - - - - _ - , . _ _ . , , , - , - - . , . - - . . - - - , . _ _ . . -m- , . - . - - - - - -
j Report No.'3024A-9 Bolt Berenck and Newann Inc.
- 2. SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENTS AT PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IOCATIONS The field team obtained continuous sound level measurements during 24-hr periods in the community at the primary locations 2', 3, and 4 shown in Fig. 1. The sound levels and sound sources noted during the 1984 survey are similar to those identified in the previous year's, survey. Table II summarizes the sound level data collected at these locations and presents the L90' L10' L eq and range of sound levela for the daytime and nighttime periods. The notes below the table explain the various sound leveldescripgorsandhow the data were averaged. The daytime L eq sound levels at these locations ranged from 40 dB(A) to 50 L dB(A), while the nighttime L,q values ranged from 37 dB( A) to 49 dB(A). The table also presents the 24-hr L,q and Ldn values and shows the 24-hr Leq ranging from 41 dB( A) to 50 dB(A) and the Ldn values ranging from 45 dB( A) to 55 dB(A). The field measurement team observed that the background sound levels were generally
() controlled by off-site sources, such as insects, and that on-site sources, including transformers, backup alarms, and paging were sometimes audible. Appendix L identif'ies specific sound sources together with additional hand-held tape recorded data. Figure 1 also shows the secondary measurement locations 5 and 7 where the field team obtained hand-held tape recorded data. These secondary locations are farther from Susqueh. anna SES than' are the primary locations. Table III summarizes the secondary sound level measurements and includes notes on how the data were averaged. The daytime L,q sound levels varied from 48 dB(A) at location 5 to 50 dB(A) at location 7, while the nighttime L,q sound levels increased at location 5 to 56 dB(A) and decreased at location 7 to 45 dB(A). The 24-hr L,q sound levels ranged from 52 dB(A) at location 5 to 49 dB(A) at location 7 and the Ldn sound levels were 61 dB( A) at location 5 and 53 dB(A) at location
- 7. The field team observed that local sound sources, including-insects and traf fic , generally controlled the background levels
~{ }' -
at these locations. The detailed data obtained from the tape 5
R0p0rt No. 3024A-9 Bolt B2ransk cnd Nswman Inc. f') G
- recordings and the field team's identification of sound sources are presented in Appendix L for these secondary measurement locations.
The field team also noted the tonal sounds produced by Susquehanna SES that were audible at of f-site locations. The two sources identified during the survey include the transformers in the southwest switchyard and the cooling towers near the west side of the main plant. Figures 3-7 present A-weighted narrow-band sound pressure level data that were analyzed from selected nighttime tape recordings at the primary and secondary measure-ment locations. Figure 3 illustrates the tonal sounds at 97.5 and 107.5 Hz produced by the cooling towers and the tonal sounds at 120, 240, and 360 Hz produced by the transformers that were measured at location 2'. This year's on-site measurements aided in identifying the cooling towers as the sources of the low (}
, frequency tones. Figures 3-7 illustrate other tonal sounds, however, these were masked by other background sounds, such as insects, and were not noticeable to Yhe field team during the survey.
4 6
R3 port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Beransk and Nawann Inc.
- 3. SUPPLEMENTAL SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENTS During previous surveys at locations quite distant from the Susquehanna SES, the field team has conducted supplemental sound level measurements. These measurements were performed to increase the existing data base of background sound levels for locations up to five miles from the site. Figure M-1 in Appendix M shows the supplemental measurement locations where the field team obtained hand-held tape recordings. These recordings were for approximately ten minutes at each location. The sound pressure level data analyzed f rom the tapes, the field team's notes on sound sources, and a legend are also presented in Appendix M, in the same format as Appendix L.
O O 7
_=_ - . . _ . _ - .- ROport No. 3024A-9 Bolt B3ransk and Nawman Inc.
. 4. ASSESSMENT The field team contacted the PPL Special Office of the President in Berwick, PA, to identify and review any community complaints due to plant noise. The Of fice records indicated that no noise related complaints had been received' to date -during the operation of Unit 1 and precommercial operation of Unit 2 in 1984. Based upon this infcrmation, and our acoustic measurements and field observations, we find no reason to recommend additional noise control treatments at this time. We shall review and update this opinion following the completion of the survey that is scheduled for Fall 1985.
0 0 O 8
w n
- h g p# y $f
.,d r , - P m - .
.a
;,P]
w s n
- 5ki 3 usni o t D
N GA M< i
'7 f
ll oa ic t ao cL N IS 4 b ) g;l *L ya o Ly rd r WN OO I I ST I
')zn.CPS
;El' ,.
a n A icmo EC i r e TO
,)j*:
OO IL S T f' . u'. r I SN (3 EE g p [ Qd' ,li,?
, / l SM p / !' .
I I.. AR NU E N ? ' NS AA
\
l i
\ \
\
) , 0 I
I EM E p E i 1 U QL m l '- =
.' : /
a lb,. :']-I 2 q x
,d SE UV SE L
b w Y . y p E I I TN RO D U m~ AS E y]*
- NY
- R AA .
o EDE n RNN
- _ f AOI 0 '
- CL o-0
- LE 0
5 g,fo $ b 0 0 4 - ASY R EDR NNE EAP T 0 3 G O f FRP YR M[ " . 0 OA g 4
- ME a e PI T D 4d L ARI l u MPS w
1 1
\ .
. G I
_yw _+ F
. Y. o
,o
., 7 o
[ ,l,jI l ) l :i ,Il MmTOMt ZO. f O N b>S yop Wmn _ wp ag,p m7O. u m. 174 . y '- 4
,~.
q
- w sW 4
n'h- ^ 8 pD 4 - 9 1 er, , - , 4, N" ,y.,. ' T 'h._ fs .- S
- qgf' -. , ..
c.
- e. y. .
b _ . U _'. a s j2'. G
$n -
U z
.C ,m kmL' C 4.$
A t
- k. .&-
k.
- d. n.
.'A
. wl}M**:4 f, u2 N I
,Qw- - y:
.. f7,pg ;
N Q
*1- g- E
]~
k Q , vr,j'q,e. -l'^ f K A
.~~
matp " .$ T M* mS' .a
.t ' Jh. e ,-,
- ' f' X
. %&. ,i ;
N , ~^
, 4&r
~
E Qxv . .#
..t - . L P
9,. M . MOT {I
.y J..ag 4 y .
, , . CS E
a
!g , .+ L 4 NW
.;^
~ w . OH mI IT t
,,..n.
,6.;.,,
% ,._5 -
. Qy. .
ws '
. AO TU TS
.mK.<% ,E . S Q,n, =
., = .
5 hg 74 . k l,cs:h
,s,
?
s t NH 5 { e . , i . ,
..
- R:,
+
1 IT A tY b
, g ,; flp ;$ * ,. ah1.u>
'g= '. MO T,
/
.i.
4' ggA F m t1. <v_S'S s
- i. OGN
. g '
w w
- e 3 e ]n..%
t o
- e,
. Nv.
~,
HI K u.~. -
'. l/ . PK
,ts.n?_a4~
;e
% AO RO w
a n, GL
., o I. .
j
- .p/n N,.A ;4,
-3 -
dc O G;; ?- . TW OE
'Q p ; .
mq?. %' ' HI PV
- r. t-'@*_#. , ; ~~
.m
' -g .C k* S-
^'
~% , '
=
y
~ . .
?_
;s c -
- I ~('~ N .c~
e
.I,
. ~ h a f.T e_%$ .,,
ff jM 2: ('
,m_
%,3 ., - #
~ i ,? -
,w, 6, p;?a%g .y:{.6Ds '.%* G g ~.e s:
. L
- f., .h '
I eg.
. s. F w<. ,w$Y M p {p.n 7 .S
; r nW , '
* . .'W:w 3
m 4 y- l .. .y-{'. e . I m p .r+hQ - t
,'m I- l, w-
" ._ \
n, s r - j p :c;
. E. . Ib-O I
$$p ge# tehg'X o $n ,_,ii ilg O-N,o Oe uO m]
0 0 q 1l! 0 _ g 1 _ i g - - 0 T 0 A 9 D 4 E l z 8 t 9 l I I g~~ 1 A 0 T 5 rs 0 B
. - %~
) er 8 O 3 -
bu h mo ) L
- t k eII P t
d 0 S i H p2 e5 0 ( w J - S2 7 d y 2 S n - - L a 4 E B C 2 V E U t_ l 0 L 0 ) _ Ay _ 6 z E i l R N ( U S pO 0 c y S E R Q 0 n 5 e P . 9
. M ~
l1 u q e DO l l N I A . _ i l _ r UT
- % ll P OA
- e j
- _ 0 SR g 0 E 4 DP o ~f- _
EO i r T l 3 i 4 _ 6 G8 _ c 0 I9 h 0 E1 p 3 W
, A n
D '2 N[ - 0 N AN 0 BO 2 WI _ M dl OT RA l [\ RC f
!. r AO r .
@i 1
,i[!!
i
- i . l 0 NL .
I y 0 r , 1 . o - j
- 3 l
_ ) .
- j..l lj[
G ( I i O F 0 0 0 0 0
/. 1 1 2 eN 4 gYgs a s S.
- o
. I4 m g c.T.$T< o,d n$ ~
- I i l
!$ go >E# $4 a
? y WP wo 0# ~ o
- t w
p]L 0 0
* . ' 0
- - ) 1
- ( '
g
- e 0 T A
N 0 r 9
- D 4
E z / 8 l N I I 9 I 1 0 A 5 0 s 0 T rr 8 B
- 3
/a eu O
- - - m bo )
h - mH
- t ~
e L
- d ~ -
n, t5 P i p5 0 S w u e3 0 ( d S2 7 n S a 4 L B 2 E V _ E
- 0 L
- 0 6 E I
R U
) S
- 3) -
z S 0 i E gQ - 0 l ( R 5 P y .
- c DN n NO
- e UI
~ -
u OT 0 q SA R
~
0 e N I 4 P r DE EP
- [ TO l
i G4
- 0 I8
\ 0 E9 l 3 W1
}
f4 - A-j N D3
. N jl 0 AN 0 BO I
I l
- ' Ig 6
4! !" 2 MI OT RA RC AO NL 0
,i
- 0 1
- 4 k -
G I { g- O F 3) r,L 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 2
. $gt94 sjO$Z a
mmYo$ao . me~ y"
s u t" 4
- n$$- g" 2. tbiU o n UP
@ E 3 go* o $ #,
)
qN . 0 0
) 0 S
1 M - g-0 0 T O g- - 9 A D g - E N I z Y 4 I I - f - 8 0 A O 9 0 T 5 < 1 ~ - 8 B 3
,r s O f
rr - h 4 eu - ) t bo - I
$ mI l
- 0 P d [ -
e 0 S i n t2 7 ( w \ . p2 S d * - n , J e0 - I T S0 E a - o V B ~ 5 . E V- - 2 0 L 0
%k- - 6 ) E l
z R
/~
i-I U ( S h'
- - S m0 e
d 0 0 y c E R 5 n P e . J u DN d q NO j ; e UI OT
- L r 0 F SA 0 R
- 4 DE EP
- l l
- TO l
- - i
- G4 I8 0 E9 0 W1 3 -
- f - A-
\
D4 b J N 0 AN 0 HO
. 2 UI OT RA RC
.' AO
[ NL 0 . 0
] .
1 . 5 g f
- - i- G
- I 0 F q\J 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 2 4 3 2 1 4 g % 8 as g y y' o8 6 E4 y c$Qi r aEgj0 $a . [
" b p4 WOH6 tmgn$ o ~5 mS5 D g" .
gORo g - '
/ V 0
0 0 L. - t 1
- g_ _.
0 0 9 T A y . D E I I z 4
- n N I
~ .
5 8 -
- A 9 -
e 0 T 1 0 l l 3 L_ s - 0 O rr - - h t eu - -
)
bo - L d mI l P b i e _ 0 S w t5 - b 0 ( d p4 7 n e3
- /
1 S jl a S2 - L B - - 3 E 4 / V 2 E f b 1 0 L 0
.- 6 ) E
- l z R
- A r
l I U S ( I p - - S y E
'v 0 /
0 c R s
. 5 n P e
'm_h
~ -
- u DN
- q NO e UI r OT r- -
0 0 4 F SA DE R f EP
]
TO l l G4 m _ 0 I8 E9 e e 0 W1 g 3 - 1 A-a D5 N {j _ 0 0 AN BO
, ' 2 WI OT
~
I IleeI RA RC
. AO
.i t_
; I NL
) 0 j 0
\ _ 1 .
- 6
,11
- G y I 3l 0 F
/.
0 0 i ( 0 4 0 3 0 2 1 2 n ,oH , 3 gg ogvAt ,G5 n ega.@ t $ i _ Na$gny. . . gA
?1 $ yp, uu6mD YP 3 dot Z0' $"#Te I' t .,U 0
0 _ fr - 0 1
) -
0 T 0 A
- - Q 9 D
4 8
% E z 9 - % N I 1 I 5
I 1 rr s qp' 0 A T eu q 0 B 3 - bo - 8 O h mI e l - m ) t t5 p L P d - p3 - S i w e2 S2
&. 0 0 (
d P j 7 n - 4 % S a - 2 L B E _ v - V
\L 6 E
- 0 L V 0
_ 6 E
) R z U I
I S _ _ ( S
- E 0 y R )U ~
( - g - 5 0 c n e P DN u NO q UI _ k e OT 0 r SA 0 F R
- _. 4 DE EP TO l
- i G4
- 0 I8 d 0 3
E9 W1
- A-D7
- N 0 AN t
0 BO
- l 2 WI I OT RA T
RC
- AO
_ !T: .
- 0 NL
- 0 1
9 . 4 - - 7
- - / -
_ - [ - G
-) \
I 0 F 0 0 0 0 _ 0 0 0 2 1 . ()- 4 3 2 1
,5N $~ @to c 4 <r 4 l' o [i$
3 moma'ouS.E oN 0
Rsport No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baranck and Nuwman'Inc. O TABLE I. LIST OF INSTRUMENTS USED DURING TRIP SHOWING DATES OF LABORATORY CALIBRATION. Typical Date of Date Serial Calibration Calibration of Trip Type
- Maket Model Nunber Schedule Before Trip 9/24/84 SLM BK 2203 96864 3 mos. 9/21/84 OBF BK 1613 83856 3 mos. 9/21/84 PC BK 4220 284859 3 mos. 8/23/84 SLM BK 2204 266518 3 mos. 7/19/84 OBF BK 1613 87967 3 mos. 7/19/84 to PC BK 4220 894102 3 mos. 7/19/84 TR KN III BH669164 3 mos. 8/08/84 TR KN III B621789 3 mos. 7/16/84
() PSMS BBN 614 772022 6 mos. 8/23/84 9/28/84 'ACAL GR 1567 17866
- 3 mos. 8/22/84
*SLM - Sound Level Meter OBF - Octave Band Filter PC - Pistonphone Calibrator TR - Tape Recorder PSMS - Portable-Sound Monitor System ACAL - Acoustic Calibrator T
BK - Bruel and Kjaer KN - Kudelski Nagra BBN - Bcit Beranek and Newman GR - GenRad
~ ~ Note: The scheduled frequency of laboratory calibration is based on experience with the particular instrument type. Typically, an instrument is scheduled for laboratory calibration. every 3, 6, or 12 months when the item is in active service.
O 16
v O O
^
().
%) '
- o a 1
'O TAllLE II o M
ct SIMfARY OF CONTINU0HS SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENTS AT PRIMARY I.OCATIONS Z-NEAR SUSQUEllANNA SES SITE - 1984 [dB(A)] o. W O yosittee Time
- Ikaytime (0700 - 2200) Nlighttime (2200-0700) 21-]Ir.
Background Intrusive Equivalent Range Background Intrusive Equivalent Range Equivalent Day-Night p b 10 ho L IO Eeq b9 ** Lt Esq(24) L,- g 1 90 3 1eq I99 ** L1 l I' I I ~ 44 49 50 36-67 45 47 47 38-52 49 54 9/26 8 1R00 - 29 37 37 26-52 42 45 3 36 44 44 29-56 9/27 0 1800 3 9/27 9 1400 - 26-53 32 40 43 24-55 41 49 . 30 39 40
, 9/28 0 I400 .
F' 4 4 9/25 0 1700 - 50 40-59 46 50 49 44-55 50 55 tu 9/26 0 1700 46 51 o 18 (t tDate and time of continuous 24-hr measurements. Note that the tuo 24-hr measurement times far Pos. 3 data overlap. td (D Notess is defined as the sound level that is exceeded ninety percent of the time in a sampling period. Similarly, LIO is deficad as
- L90 the sound level that is exceeded ten percent of the time. Data were measured continuously for each hour and the arithmetic ater,ge (p data ase presented in this table. */f' of the daytime and nighttime 190 and Lgg D8 L, is defined as the energy average sound level for a sampling period. The energy average of the hourly L,9 values for the daytime U an$nighttimearepresentedinthistable. g The total g
- L 99 and L, are defined as the sound levels that are exceeded for ninety-nine and one percent of the time period, respectively. (D range of the measured 199 and Lg values are presented in this table.
L.
- 24) is the energy everage sound level that averages over the daytime anJ nighttime hours. La , is defined similarly, but includes a weI(hting g factor of +10 dB for the nighttime hours.
H U O e
f% A h Q,]
- x2
. to e
O-N TABLE III rt Z o
SUMMARY
OF NON-CONTINil0US SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENTS AT SECONDARY LOCATIONS NEAR SUSQUEllANNA SES SITE - 1984 [dB(A)] u O k) b NIthetime f2200-0700) 21-gg. p poettlem Time
- Dagg me {0700 - 2200) Day-Night i Intruelve Equivalent Range Background Intruelve Equivalent Range Equivalent Backssound L IO I tq I SO Leq IS9 '* I! Itq(24) L, a
I SO 319 ** I-l . I-80 5 48 31-61 55 56 56 53-57 52 61 40 50 2 I ~ 42 47 50 32-61 44 46 45 42-48 49 53 g . co sDates on etch the field team obtained tape recorded samples. Additional tape recorded data presented in Appendix L. Notees. H
- defined as the sound levet that is exceeded ninety percent of the time in a sampling period. Similarly. LIO is defined as the sounJ level - tt t at le escoeded ten percent of the time. This table presents the arithmetic everage ISO *N b!O valuce for the daytime and nighttime samples.
- is deff ned as the energy average sound level for a sampling period. nts table presents the energy average L,g values for the daytime and Llhttimesamples. p nI D (D
- L,9 and I,g are defined as the sound levels that are exceeded for ninety-nine and one percent of the time respectively. nie table presente W the total range of the 199 and Lg values for the daytime and nighttime samples.
L, 24) le the energy average sound levet that averages over the daytime and nighttime periode. do L le defined stattarly, but includes a veY(httr.g g f actor of +10 dS for the nighttime perioJ.
- Stace the above values are calculated f rom tape recordeJ eamples that are not continuous, they are considered estimates for the daytime g fD and alghttime periods.
- Measured sound levels at these positions were controlled by non-plant sound sources. See sound sources in Appendix L.
D H D O 9
Rsport No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baranek and Newman Inc. t O . APPENDIX L HAND-HELD TAPE RECORDED DATA f SEPTEMBER 1984 OPERATION SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS , (dB re: 20 Micropascals) f O . j
- l O
t L-1
e Rsport No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baransk and Nswman Inc. (~T TAPE RECORDED DATA V (Statistical Analysis) SOUND SOURCE LEGEND a aircraft b birds ba backup alarms on mobile equipment c cow ct cooling towers d dog (s) barking eng gas and diesel engine equipment i insects and crickets j jackhammer p page system t local traffic t(a) traffic on plant access road t(d) distant traffic t(ll)* traffic on U.S. Route 11 () tfr tra
-transformers tractor trn train' w wind in brush and trees 99%
95%
*90% percent of sample period 50% sound level was exceeded 10%
5% 1% Leg energy average sound level OA overall sound pressure level dBA A-weighted sound level Note: Sound pressure level data presented in appendix include a major contributor, insects and crickets, in addition to the on-site and other off-site activities. O L-2
Report No. 3024A-9 Bolt Beranck and N3wman Inc. I4 CATION 2'
. 24 September 1984 1338 hours .
Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 56 37 28 27 25 22 29 38 61 40 95% 57 38 29 28 26 23 30 38 62 40 90% 58 39 30 28 27 24 31 38 62 41 50% 59 41 31 31 29 28 32 40 63 42 10% 60 44 34 35 34 32 36 50 64 49 5% G0 45 35 37 35 34 36 50 65 49 1% 60 47 37 42 46 41 38 50 67 51 Leq 59 42 34 34 33 31 33 44 63 45 sound sources: t(d), tra, i, d 24 September 1984 2252 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99%- 41 42 31 34 31 42 40 29 50 46 95% 42 43 32 34 31 43 41 30 51 47 O- 90% 42 44 32 35 32 43 41 30 51 47 50%- 43 47 34 36 33 44 42 34
- 52 48 10%- 46 49 36 39 36 '45 43 41 54 49 5% 51 50 37 39 37 45 43 42 55 49 1% 55 51 38 40 38 46 44 44 56 50 Leq 46 47 35 37 34 44 42 37 53 48 sound sources: i, t(d), et, tfr
*- 25 September 1984 1146 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 41 -
30 29 - - 42 37 50 46 95%- 41 37 30 29 - - 43 41 50 46 90% 42 38 31 30 27 - 43 42 50 46 50% 44 41 34 32 30 27 44 43 52 47 10% :50 50 48 39 35 32 46 45 57 49 5% 52 51 52 43 39 36 46 47 59 49 1% 56 56 57 46 46 41 47 47 63 52 Leq 47 46 44 41 39 35 44 43 54 49 sound sources: t,.d, i, a, j L-3
Rsport No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baransk and Nnwman Inc. s LOCATION 2' (Cont'd)
~
26 September 1984 0041 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 41 37 32 25 21 42 40 33 49 46 95% 41 38 32 26 22 42 41 34 50 46 90% 42 39 33 27 22 43 42 34 50 47 50% 45 41 36 30 26 44 43 35 52 48 10% 51 47 42 37 32 45 44 39 55 49 5% 52 48 45 40 33 45 44 41 56 49 1% 59 53 53 44 37 45 44 43 61 50 Leg 48 44 40 34 28 44 43 37 53 48 sound sources: d, t(ll), i, a, tfr 26 September 1984 1823 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Bz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 48 47 31 36 33 25 27 17 56 39
-~ 95% 49 49 31 36 34 27 29 18 56 40 49 50 32 36 34 28 29 18 57 41
( ). 90% 50% 51 54 35 38 36 31 32 31 60 43 10% 56 59 46- 41 50 48 34 27 70 54 5% 73 63 54 49 52 54 44 45 - 59 76 66 58 53 56 58 50 52 - 63 1% 63 57 46 42 45 46 37 37 - 51 Leq sound sources: t, et, d, i, w, b 27 September 1984 1240 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 51 48 33 35 36 25 22 33 59 41 51 51 35 37 37 26 24 35 60 42 95% 90% 52 52 35 37 37 27 24 37 60 43 54 59 38 42 41 30 27 40 63 47 50% 10% 57 63 43 45 44 35 31 42 65 50 58 64 44 46 45 36 34 43 66 50 5% 1% 62 65 46 48 47 41 40 44 68 52 55 60 40 42 42 33 30 40 65 48 Leq sound sources: 1, w , d, t, t(ll), tfr, eng. O v L-4
-Raport No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baran6k and Newman Inc.
LOCATION 2' (cont'd) 27 September 1984 1645 hours . Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 63 56 31 36 39 25- 20 21 58 43 99% 44 57 32 37 40 26 21 21 59 44 95% 45 32 38 40 26 21 22 59 44 90% 45 57 60 33 39 41 29 23 24 61 46 50% 47 63 41 41 42 32 27 27 63 47 10% 50 63 45 41 43 33 28 29 64 48 5% 51 65 49 41 43 35- 32 31 65 49 1% 53 60 39 40 41 30 24 25 61 46 Leg 48 sound sourcest et, t, f(ll), i, d , ba O s O L-5
R port No'. 3024A-9 Bolt Baranck and Nswman Inc. (~T LOCATION 3 'V 24 September 1984 1423 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Bz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 55 35 28 26 25 21 40 46 61 48 95% 56 36 28 26 25 22 41 48 61 48 90% 56 37 28 27 25 22 44 48 61 48 50% 58 39 30 28 26 24 44 48 63 49 10% 59 49 46 33 27 27 46 48 64 50 5% 60 54 50 38 28 27 46 48 64 51 1% 60 60 56 45 29 30 46 50 65 52 Leq 58 47 43 33 26 25 45 48 63 49 sound sources: 1, w , a, ba 24 September 1984 2355 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Bz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 40 31 23 21 20 47 45 38 52 52 95% 41 33 23 22 21 48 46 40 52 52 90% 41 33 24 23 22 48 47 40 52 52 s. 50% 43 36 26 26 23 49 47 43 53 53 10% 45 39 29 29 27 50 48 48 54 54 5% 45 39 29 31 29 50 48 50 55 55 1% 47 41 31 35 32 50 49 53 56 55 Leg 43 37 31 27 25 49 47 45 53 53 sound sources: i, t(11) 25 September 1984 1120 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 42 34 28 27 26 25 39 47 50 46 95% 43 35 28 28 27 25 40 47 51 48 90% 43. 35 29 28 27 25 40 47 51 48 50% 46 38 31 29 28 27 41 47 52 48 10% 49 46 38 33 31 31 43 49 54 49 5% 52 52 40 37 32 33 43 49 56 49 1% 59 56 45 42 36 35 45 49 62 51 i 45 35 32 30 29 47 48 54 50 Leg 49 l sound sources: t, a, i, w ! L-6 ; 1
Rsport No. 3034A-9 Bolt Baranok and Nawman Inc. _IDCATION 3 (cont'd)
~J ,
26 September 1984 0016 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 63 125 30 31 27 47 48 41 53 52 99% 43 38 30 32 29 48 48 42 54 52 95% 44 39 31 32 29 49 48, 42 54 53 90% 45 40 32 33 30 49 49 44 55 54 50% 47 42 35 35 32 49 50 46 56 55 10% 50 46 37 36 33 49 50 47 56 55 5% 51 48 38 37 50 50 50 59 55 1% 54 52 38 55 54 43 34 34 31 49 49 44 Leq 48 sound sources: 1, tfr, t(ll), et 26 September 1984 1730 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 63 125 250 32 29 26 27 21 51 36 99% 44 35 31 33 29 28 29 22 52 36 95% 45 35 31 37 T 33 30 28 29 22 52 (/
\- 90% 46 36 32 32 31 25 54 40 50% 48 40 35 36 33 40 37 37 36 31 57 44 10% 53 47 40 39 39 37 33 58 46 5% 55 52 41 42 41 41 41 36 61 48 1% 58 56 43 49 35 34 33 28 55 41 Leq 50 44 37 38 .
sound sources: t(ll), b, i, a, w, tra 27 September 1984 1145 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 63 125 250 26 22 23 27 53 34 99% 48 37 30 28 27 26 24 28 53 36 95% 49 38 31 30 28 27 26 29 54 36 90% 50 39 32 30 31 31 30 30 55 39 50% 50 43 36 34 36 36 36 34 58 44 10% 53 48 40 38 45 38 37 37 35 59 5% 54 52 43 40 48 41 39 40 37 62 1% 57 56 53 42 41 35 33 33 32 31 61 Leq 51 46 40 sound sources: w, t(ll), t, a, i G V _ L-7 .
--r - w e
Report No. 3024A-9 Bolt Boransk and Nswman Inc. (} LOCATION 3 (cont'd)' 27 September 1984 1547 hours l Octave Band Center Frequency (Bz) 500 1000 2000 -4000 8000 OA dBA 63 125 250 24 20 - 24 21 47 32 99a 40 35 29 25 21 - 27 22 47 32 95% 41 36 29 25 21 - 27 22 47 33 90% 41 37 30 27 23 20 30 24 50 35 50% 44 42 33 37 29 27 33 26 55 40 10% 51 47 43 40 32 29 33 28 56 42 5% 53 49 46 i 46 36 34 36 33 58 47 1% 55 51 52 34 26 24 31 25 52 37 Leg 47 44 40 + sound sources: b, i, t(11), d, a 4 e 0 - 4
- L-8
Rnport No. 3024A-9 Bolt Beransk cnd Newman Inc.
, TACATION 4 -(O.) !
24 September 1984 1455 hours
-~ Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 56 40 33 35 31 27 34 39 61 42 95% 57 41 34 36 31 28 34 40 62 43 90% 57 41 34 37 32 28 34 40 62 43 50% 58 45 36 39 35 31 35 42 63 45 10% 61 50 42 43 40 35 36 44 65 47 5% 62 52 44 45 42 36 37 44 65 48 1% 64 54 46 48 47 41 37 45 67 51 Leq 59 47 39 41 38 33 35 42 64 45 sound sources: 1, t(a), eng, p 25 September 1984 0022 hours .
Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) ~ 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 43 39 32 35 33 37 33 32 51 42 r- 95% 44 41 33 36 33 37 33 32 51 42 90% 45 42 34 36 34 37 33 32 52 42 50% 48 45 36 37 35 38 34 33 53 43 10% 53 49 42 39 37 39 35 35 56 44 5% 54 51 43 39 38 39 35 35 58 45 1% 59 59 46 41 39 41 38 36 61 47 Leq 50 48 38 37 36 38 34 34 54 43 sound sources: 1, t(ll), a, p, et, t(a) 25 September 1984 1330 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000- 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 53 43 38 41 38 36 36 46 62 48 95% 54 44 39 42 39 36 36 46 63 48
. 90% 54 45 40 42 39 37 37 46 63 49 50% 57 47 42 46 42 39 38 48 6;6 50 10% 63 52 - 48 54 49 44 39 48 71 55 5% 64 -53 49 55 51 45 39 48 72 56 1% 67 55 51 58 52 47 40 48 75 58 Leq 59 49 44 49 45 41 39 48 68 52 sound sources: 1, t(a), w, eng L-9 4
, , .--,,,- - - ~ - , , , , ,-_yw,- - - - - ,. -.-y- , , , - , , . , - , . - - .
R3 port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Beransk and N3wman Inc. q LOCATION 4 (cont'd) 25 September 1984 2342 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 63 45 38 43 41 39 35 33 54 46 99% 46 45 39 43 42 40 35 34 54 47 95% 47 46 40 44 42 40 36 35 55 48 90% 48 48 42 46 44 41 37 36 56 49 50% 50 57 50 48 46 43 38 37 60 51 10% 54 59 52 49 46 43 38 37 61 51 5% 55 62 54 53 48 44 38 37 64 53 1% 56 53 46 46 44 41 37 36 58 49 Leg 51 sound sources: i, et, t(ll), a, tfr 4 26 September 1984 1630 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 63 125 48 37 41 39 34 25 24 58 44 99% 50 38 41 40 34 26 25 59 44 51 49 (' . 95% 90% 52 50 39 42 41 35 26 25 59 45 ( 53 52 41 44 43 37 28 29 61 47 50% 49 55 43 47 45 39 30 36 66 10% 58 50 45 48 46 39 31 36 69 5% 60 56 52 52 48 42 38 37 76 52 1% 65 60 45 43 37 29 33 66 47 Leq 57 53 42 sound sources: 1, et, t(11), b, p, eng, tfr 27 September 1984 1215 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 63 125 35 33 33 26 21 30 55 39 99% 47 46 34 34 26 22 31 56 39 95% 48 47 35 34 35 27 22 31 56 40 90% 49 47 36 37 38 29 23 33 58 42 50% 52 50 39 42 42 32 26 35 61 45 10% 57 53 44 43 43 35 27 35 62 47 5% 58 54 45 45 46 38 31 36 63 49 1% 60 56 48 43 41 39 39 31 24 33 59 Leq 54 51 sound sources: 1, b , t(11), et, p, t O _ L-10
4 i Rsport No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baransk and Newman Inc. LOCATION 4 (cont'd) 27 September 1984 1704 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 47 45 33 30 30 23 - - 54 36 95% 47 47 34 30 31 23 20 - 55 36
.90% 48 48 34 31 31 24 20 -
55 37 50% 50 50 37 33 33 26 21 20 56 39 10% 56 53 44 38 37 31 25 22 60 43 5% 58 54 47 40 40 33 27 23 61 45 1% 61 57 50 43 45 37 32 27 63 49 Leq 53 51 41 35 35 29 23 22 58 40 sound sources: ct, i, b, t(ll), t, a, t(a) O , a L-11 t.
~ . . - . - - - - - . _ . _ . _ _ _ . . . _ , _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _
J R2 port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Beranek and Nawman Inc. LOCATION 5 24 September 1984 1645 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 49 44 36 34 30 23 37 40 58 44 95% 50 45 37 35 31 25 38 40 59 44 90% 50 45 37 36 32 26 38 40 60 44 i 50% 55 50 44 41 39 37 38 41 62 48 10% 66 61 53 47 47 44 41 42 69 53 5% 73 65 55 49 48 46 42 43 74 55 1% 79 73 62 52 50 48 46 43 81 61 Leq 66 60 50 44 43 40 39 41 68 51 sound cources: 1, t, a, d 24 September 1984 2345 hours Cctave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 40 39 32 31 24 50 44 41 54 53 32 25 51 44 42 54 54 ( 95% 41 40 40 32 33 33 25 52 44 42 54 54 90% 41 43 43 35 36 29 52 46 44 55 55 50% 46 45 38 39 33 ~53 47 47 56 55 10% 47' 47 38 40 33 53 47 48 57 56 5% 49 48 40 42 38 53 48 50 58 56 19 43 36 37 30 52 46 45 55 55 Leq 44 sound sources: 1, t, p, t(ll) 25 September 1984 0905 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 44 18 34 28 21 36 39 58 43 99% 48 46 38 35 28 21 38 40 58 44 95% 49 47 39 35 29 22 38 40 58 44 90% 49 46 49 41 38 32 27 39 43 60 50% 51 54 47 42 43 40 40 44 63 49 10% 58 48 44 44 43 40 45 66 51 - 5% 61 57 70 46 48 46 41 45 71 56 1% 68 52 47 57 44 40 38 36 39 43 62 Leq 56 sound sources: d, t, i, t(ll), a, b ' .C,~g L-12 l I
R3 port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Beranck and Nswman Inc. ( LOCATION 5 (cont'd)
'N
. 26 September 1984 0050 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 48 38 33 28 22 52 45 40 63 55 99%
38 34 28 23 52 46 41 64 55 95% 49 39 34 29 23 52 46 41 65 55 90% 49 43 39 34 29 54 47 43 66 56 50% 51 47 45 42 38 54 48 45 68 56 10% 54 48 46 43 39 54 48 45 68 56 5% 55 50 48 45 43 "54 43 48 69 57 1% 56 45 41 39 35 54 47 43 66 ,56 Leq 52 sound sources: 1, t(11), t 26 September 1984 1515 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 63
~~
40 38 35 29 35 42 60 46 99% 50 47 41 39 35 30 36 43 60 46 r 95% 51 48 43 61 47 (,j] 90% 52 48 '42 40 36 42 32 40 36 38 45 62 49 - 50% 54 51 45 43 50 47 48 '45 42 47 66 53 10% 6.0 56 52 48 49 46 43 47 68 54,' 5% 63 59 69 56 51 51 -48 45 48 72 56? 1% 69 50 47 44 44 42 40 45 64 Leq 58 57 sound sources: t, t(ll), p, ba, i, b , w - ! 27 September 1984 1007 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) i 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 40001 8000 OA - dBA t 27 26 23 23 19 53 33 99% 49 37 30 28 '27 25 24 22 54 35 95%- 50 39 31 l 32 29 28 26 26 22 54 35 90% 50 29 32 31 29 28 24 55 38 50% 51 41 34 48 42 43 37 -32 27 60 49 10%- 54 50 47 45 42 33 29 62 51 5% 56 53 52 51 49 46 37 33 69 53 1% 60 59 58 39 40 34 ~ 29 26 57 45
- Leq _52 47 45 <
t(ll), t, 1 a , w ,, b - , . sound sources: 7 O L-13
.a
JN R$ port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Beransk and Nswman Inc. y s. LOCATION 5 (cont'd) c^ U-m 27 September 1984 1800 hours ' Octave Band Center Frequency (Ez) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 QA dBA 99% 46 36 28 23 21 12 23 16 52 31 95% 47 36 29 24 22 13 24 17 52 31 90% '47 37 29 25 23 14 24 18 53 31 50% 50 39 32 29 29 22 26 23 54 35 10% 53 48 42 38 39 37 29 25 59 45 5% 55 52 47 41 43 41 31 27 61 49 1% 60 58 57 48 49 46 36 31 64 53 Leg 51 46 43 36 36 34 27 24 68 42 sound sources: t, t(ll), b, i O s . 4 e N 4
?
L-14 ( ,
R port No. 3024A-9 Bolt.Baranok cnd Nswman Inc. LOCATION 7 k 24' September 1984 1533 hours , Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 45 30 22 19 18 - 31 40 53 40 95% 45 31 22 19 18 17 31 40 53 41 90% 46 31 23 20 18 18 32 41 54 41 ! 50% 48 34 25 22 20 20 33 44 55 43 10% 49 40 31 26 24 24 35 45 56 45 5% 50 42 33 28 26 25 35 46 57 45 1% 51 45 42 33 30 28 38 46 57 45 Leg 48 37 30 24 22 22 34 43 55 43 sound sources: 1, d , a 24 September-1984 2235 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) t ) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA ( 99% 36 30 22 - - 36 38 31 45 42 l 95% 37 31 23 - - 36 39 31 45 42 31 23 36 39 32 46 42
/)' 90% 38 - -
37 39 34 46 43 50% 40 33 25 21 18 10% 41 37 31 23 18 3'7 41 35 47 44 ) l 5% 42 39 35 25 19 37 41 35 47 45 1% 44 42 38 28 20 38 42 37 48 45 Leg 40 35 .34 22 18 37 40 34 46 43 sound sources: 1, a 25 September 1984 1150 hours . Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 48 37 33 24 23 24 29 52 60 51 95% 49 37 34 25 24 24 30 54 61 52 90% 49 38 34 25 24 24 31 54 62 53 50% 50 39 34 27 26 28 33 54 63 53 10% 53 44 36 30 31 33 35 56 66 55 5% 55 46 37 31 32 34 36 56 68 55 1% 60 49 39 35 33 35 36 56 71 55 Leq 52 41 35 30 28 29 34 55 64 54 sound sources: 1, w , a, b L-15 B
R3 port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baranck and Nawman Inc. g IDCATION 7 (cont'd)
~
25 September 1984 2350 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 43 34 30 28 26 38 42 38 53 46 99% 43 36 30 28 26 38 42 38 54 46 95% 44 36 31 29 26 38 42 39 54 46 90% 45 38 31 30 28 39 43 40 56 47 50% 48 41 34 36 30 40 44 41 59 47 10% 50 42 35 38 31 40 44 42 61 48 5% 54 45 37 42 32 40 44 43 65 48 1% 46 39 32 33 28 39 43 40 57 47 Leg sound sources: d, i 26 September 1984 1600 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 47 38 34 36 35 35 38 39 54 45. 99% 40 36 37 36 36 39 41 55 46 95% 48 40 37 38 37 38 _39 42 56 47 90% 49 (._ 50% 52 45 42 43 43 42 43 44 60 50 60 53 50 50 50 51 51 48 70 57 10% 63 56 52 51 52 52 52 49 73 59 5% 68 61 54 54 54 55 56 53 80 61 1% 58 50 46 46 46 46 47 45 68 53 Leq sound sources: 1, w , d 27 September 1984 1048 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 42 35 25 20 - - 26 25 48 32 99% 36 26 21 18 - 26 27 48 32 95% 43 43 36 27 21 19 - 26 27 48 32 90% 38 28 23 21 21 28 29 49 34 50% 44 41 36 35 30 28 30 31 51 38 10% 45 41 37 32 31 30 32 52 40 5% 46 43 65 51 42 36 35 33 33 65 51 1% 47 37 32 26 2.5 28 29 52 38 Leq 44 49 sound sources: d,b, i, w, a, t L-16
-. . .. ._- . -_-- = .
R3 port No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baransk and Nawman Inc. n IDCATION 7 (cont'd) 27 September 1984 1613 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 41 30 21 - - - 31 25 46 33 41 31 21 - - - 32 26 47 34 95% 42 32 22 - - - 32 26 47 35
. 90%
34 26 21 20 - 35 28 49 38 50% 43 47 46 42 36 32 28 37 29 53 41 10% 49 46 39 35 30 38 30 56 43 5% 52 53 50 44 37 35- 39 33 57 46 1% 56 42 38 33 27 24 35 28 50 39 Leq 46 sound sources: d, i, a, b G J L-17 J -
Report No. 3024A-9 Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. O . J t APPENDIX M SUPPLEMENTAL, DATA - SEPTEMBER 1984 (Sound Pressure Levels in dB re: 20 Micropascals) 4 i-e O ._ 4 M-1
+ --- t ,-- --- +-w+ -evn-.- , - - . ,,. .....,,---,.--,--------.-,.www-4,.-----.---.,,a - . - - - .r--- .---7,y.,--~ . . - - - -. - - - , , 3--- , -- - - - ,
R port No. 3024A- 9 Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. 4 i / g.s' @ d =
-ww : y x 4 ~ = .. kenc .-.
h k oh k , naQ.mS,%.w.- j,m%m .,- ym YhY v .. 2 ELgy J..y c www.w-s .m.:.yh. ar u,qtw. a \e ,
.a wovW m ;g.;Mc:._
- .f g.gf 5 4
'g'.h. ,~,~'c~[.
/ \ p' g '
(S'h=gy- 5 .
~$ .@ g-1W . J[4 ;r :
r p -%e - aa.. s. . y
. , n.
W.y[_ ,. Su
!b -v>
- g.;;qu m %.e w,.,9n.4:
sa m
%;c,m
%: 2;.' 9 .. t ; ,_
p .. - : .
.;;....gf7.rp--
gps:9,p%-J, py . , g.. ..
'[ !!
; . m. fr-m._
)
~~
'\
t * :f;;=-- j.!ww.a .a . '[
*.. 4 Ql4? -'. .
r- '} ^
" * ..f >> -
'h, ,. f*i[g./jh$u'. . ,+,.,.';
\
,t,,,'h<w&} w '/te !
,1 -
y.11 1 -
.y . . . . < .- . . . ga -
. : w ',s 2 )-e.
-\s l-Q' _.G .a.2 '+"%&~;q;j%s.s'
- :' . / -
- / Q' . ' .
i f qd'd.1--- JW _.
.' ._s. % ~ d . M? e 4 .e >
tc p[%. . .k? ~ p y.s f M
'.'P.'%y.w: 321c--, suseeenss v- , _.s, .
*- Ah?WY $. $oUb f, -l$$. $k,<g-?
- A--~ ., . ~4 -
g -. f ,s
)~:
C '~. T ..
. 3 .< .s .. t. 's- - c- '
c.,
.f .;( ,. q, - .. . . .
s A. < , 'f.
.@.. ..=
IN ,,,
.;J4 ~~ ,
c W,:a.--, w ..
.. n. ,
W-
- c. u
,.. Q .k 5Y _ ' '
^
~*
C.,,d. f
"" 2 QQf&i&l? ' *-Ql-l-$*,c,es"* ~ ,L (Q&Q&~ &:-- )a
-i-O 1 2 3 MILES H H A I I
FIG . Mbl . . MAP OF AREA WITHIN FIVE MILES OF SUSQUEHANNA SES SITE SHOWING DISTANT SUPPLEMENTAL SOUNO LEVEL MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS AND SITE PROPERTY LINES. p
.)
- M-2
Roport No. 3024A-9" Bolt Baransk and Newman I,pc. TAPE RECORDED DATA (Statistical Analysis) SOUND SOURCE LEGEND a aircraft b birds c cow d dog (s) barking i insects and crickets pt people talking r rooster t local traffic t(d) distant traffic t(ll) traffic on U.S. Route 11 tra tractor w wind in brush and trees 99% 95% 90% percent of sample period O.. 50% sound level was exceeded 10% 5% 1% Leq energy average sound level OA overall sound pressure level. dBA A-weighted sound level M-3
Report No. 3024A-9 , Bolt Baranck.and Newman Inc. LOCATION A 24 Sep. ember 1984 1543 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 47 39 26- 19 18 16 26 25 53 34 95% 50 41 27 20 19 17 28 26 54 35 90% 51 42 28 21 20 19 29 26 ,55 35 50% 57 48 34 26 27 24 30 28 59 39 10% 63 53 40 35 36 34 32 30- 65 43 5% 65 54 41 36 38 36 33 30 67. 44 1%- 69 57 46 41 43 41 35 30 69 49 Leq 60 62 37 32 33 30 31 28 62 40 sound sources: i, b, t,'t(d), d, tra 24 September 1984 1422 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 46 34 28 24 21 19 26 28 57 33 95% 46 35 28 24 21 19 27 30 57 34 l 90% 47 36 29 25 22 20 27 30 57 34 ("~'# 50% 48 40 31 27 24 22 31 32 57 36 10% 50 46 42 35 27 27 33 35 59 41 5% 52 53 51 41 31 28 34 36 61 46 1% 54 58 59 49 36 32 35 40 63 51 Leg 49 46 46 35 27 24 31 33 58 40 sound sources: t(ll), i, t, b, a t .
~
M-4
.- Rsport No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baransk and Newman Inc.
q LOCATION C k.) 24 September 1984 1642 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 41 38 29 - - - 31 32 46 36 95% 42 39 31 - - - 32 33 48 37 90% 43 39 31 27 - - 32 33 48 37 50% 46 41 34 31 31 27 33 35 50 41 10% 53 50 43 38 41 37 35 41 57 46 5% 55 54 48 44 44 40 36 41 60 49 1% 59 64 57 52 50 45 40 42 67 56 Leg 49 50 45 39 ::3 34 34 49 56 52 sound sources: t, t(d), r,d,c, i, b, tra LOCATION D 24 September 1984 1734 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Ez) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 QA dBA gn 21 21 32 43 34 (s) 25 - 99% 38 34 - 35 26 22 17 16 21 33 44 35 95% 39 36 26 22 18 '16 22 34 44 36 90% 39 28 24 23 20 23 37 47 37 50% 43 39 47 32 29 32 30 25 38 52 39 10% 50 51 49 35 30 34 33 26 38 54 4. 5% ' 60 53 41 37 39 39 34 39 60 1% 43 35 37 29 27 24 37 50 *U Leg 47' sound sources: t(d), d, i, b, pt
~.
M-5
Report No. 3024A-9 Bolt Baransk and Newman Inc. LOCATION E 24 September 1984 1458 hours Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 OA dBA 99% 42 32 24 22 19 18 34 33 56 37 95% 43 32 25 23 21 19 36 38 56 40 , 90% 43 32 25 23 21 20 37 39 57 41 50% 44 32 26 24 23 23 39 48 57 48 10% 45 35 28 28 27 27 40 49 58 49
. 5% 47 36 30 29 29 29 41 50 58 49
.1% 49 40 33 34 33 35 41 51 61 50 Leg 44 33 27 28 26 25 39 48 57 47 sound sources: b, i, t, t(d), w, d O-M-6
.}}