ML20113D516
| ML20113D516 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Hope Creek  |
| Issue date: | 04/08/1985 |
| From: | Mittl R Public Service Enterprise Group |
| To: | Schwencer A Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8504150337 | |
| Download: ML20113D516 (10) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:a C PS Pubhc serwce Doctnc and Gas Cornpany 80 Park Plaza, Newark, NJ 07101/ 201430 8217 MAILING ADDRESS / P.O. Box 570, Newark, NJ 07101 Robert L. Mitti General Manager Nuclear Assurance and Reguldtion April 8, 1985 Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 7920 Norfolk Avenue Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Attention: Mr. Albert Schwencer, Chief Licensing Branch 2 Division of Licensing Gentlemen: PROCESS CONTROL PROGRAM HOPE CREEK GENERATING STATION DOCKET NO. 50-354 Pursuant to our letter of March 22, 1985, (R. L.
- Mittl, PSE&G to A.
Schwencer, NRC) which transmitted the Hope Creek Generating Station Radiological Effluent Technical Specifi-cations for NRC review, Public Service Electric and Gas Company hereby submits the Solid Waste Process Control Pro-gram for Class A wastes for Hope Creek Generating Station. This program is qualified for solidified Class A wastes con-sistent with the requirements of 10CFR61. Public Service Electric and Gas Company is currently participating in a testing conformance program, which is scheduled to be com-pleted by January 1986, with Waste Chem Corporation. The objective of this testing program is to determine the ability of the asphalt binder to maintain stability while encapsulating Class B and C wastes in accordance with the requirements of 10CFR61. Based on the results of this testing program, the present Process Control Program will be modified if required, to qualify for solidification of Class B and C wastes. Upon NRC approval of the attached Solid Waste Process Con-trol Program for Class A wastes, Public Service Electric and Gas Company respectfully requests that the Hope Creek Generating Station Safety Evaluation Report Section 11.4.2 be modified to remove the imposition of an operating license condition for Class A wastes. 1 E4 0 R D The Energy People 95 4112 (3W 4 84
-Dir. of Nucl. Reac. Reg. 2 4/8/85 Should you have any questions in this regard, please contact us. Very truly yours, s hl i Attachment-- HCGS Solid Waste Process' Control Program C D. H. Wagner USNRC Licensing Project Manager A. R. Blough USNRC Senior Resident Inspector + AK7 1/2-3.-. e n,---
D [t.. u .PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC ' AND GAS COMPANY - I HOPE CREEK GENERATING : STATION PROCESS CONTROL PROGRAM A l'. 0 INTRODUCTION Long-term experience.with various binding agents.used .to solidify radioactive process waste L materials - indi-
- cates that ' stringent waste. process controls are
' required,to assure that complete solidification-- takes . place. _To provide assurance that proper process con- - trols c are identified and implemented, the NRC'has adopted a technical position (ETSB 11-3 ) requiring sy s-tem vendors and ; plant. operators to respectively estab- ~ lish and implement a. process control program. Thez purpose of this document -is to satisfy the NRC-ETSB ' requirement for a vendor, specifically Werner & Pfleiderer Corporation, Inc. ( WPC), ' to identify process parameters within which.tts WPC-VRS Systen must be operated to obtain complete solid ification. -WPC has o .previously received NRC approval (letter from K.
- Kniel, NRC to R..Doyle, WPC,' dated April 12, 1978) of the.VRS
.Sy stem. Topical Report No.. WPC-VRS-001, November 197 6, - - Rev. - 1,1 May-1978, "Radwaste Volume Reduction. and Solidification ' System" in which all elements of thi s P program were discussed. in deta'il. The reader is ref erred - to : this Topical Report for a thorough' discus- 'sion of the WPC-VRS System. -1.1"
Background
- The~ WPC-VRS System utilizes a. thermal process and a-thermoplastic binder _ material (asphalt) to reduce the volume,' and ? encapsulate and solidify process wastes.
Thermoplastic materials' reversibly sof ten (liquify) n when - heated and har' en (solifidy) when cooled. This d solidification process is insensitive to waste - feed chemistry; i '. e., - pH, chemical spe cies, etc.,. and i h l 1requ res - only the removal of ' eat to assure comp ete solid ification. .l.2 WPC-VRS Process The WPC-VRS System-is a one-step volume reduction and solidification (VRS) process. A heated extruder-evaporato r is enployed to evaporate free water, mix and disperse the. radioactive residue in an asphalt matrix, 'and L discharge the product-into an appropriate con- [ .tainer. Volume reduction is achieved by evaporation lof m water from the - waste / asphalt mixture through devolitiz- [ ing portsL located along the.. length of the machine. - The extruder-evaporator is maintained at elevated tem pe ra-p.~ . tures ; to control. the L evaporative rate. a - _i_
x. o.' 0: A.2 WPC-VRS' PROCESS-(cont.)- and maintain the waste / asphalt. mixture in fluid. state until11t is discharged into a container. Cooling to ambient temperatures causes the asphalt / waste mixture to harden and _ form a Treestanding monolith. Elevated process temperatures assure complete evaporation of free water, hence,- no free water is present in the end product. 1.3 VARIABLES INFLUENCING END PRODUCT PROPERTIES This section identifies and defines the process variables of the WPC-VRS System..These process variables have a direct bearing on the properties of the final' product which relate only to'the ability to form a . freestanding monolith with no free water. Additional process. variables such as pH, must be controlled to minimize corrosion within.the system; however, since these variables do not affect the-ability of the waste product to form a monolithic solid upon cooling, they will not be discussed herein. In accordance with the foregoing limitations, the ~ 'following variables influence the properties and consistency of the final solid product: A.- Asphalt type; B.- Waste-chemical species being incorporated into the asphalt matrix; C. Ratio of waste-to-asphalt; and-D. Process temperature. A detailed discussion of the effect and limitations placed on each of the foregoing-items follows: A. Asphalt Type -WPC recommends use of an oxidized petroleum-based asphalt, conforming' to ASTM-D-312-71, Type III requirements. This grade of asphalt has a low residual volatile content, and a high molecular weight. At room temperature, and at all normal ambient conditions, this material is a freestanding monolith. A detailed specification of Witco Chemical Company's Pioneer 221 Asphalt, which conforms to the referenced ASTM specification, is attached. Specification of Witco Pioneer 221, or an egoivalent, is the means by which process control for asphalt quality is achieved. 'WPC must be . consulted if-use of-an alternate asphalt material is-contemplated. JN .s 1.3 VARIABLES INFLUENCING END-PRODUCT PROPERTIES (cont.) B.. Waste Chemical Species The type and relative quantity (waste-to-asphalt ratio) of waste chemicals being incorporated in the asphalt matrix has a direct influence on the properties of the final product.. Encapsulation of inorganic salts and solids typically "stif fen" and harden the waste product; whereas organic liquids have-the opposite effect..When the proper ratio of waste-to-asphalt is maintained, final product . properties relative to solidification, for all practical purposes, are independent of the waste type. WPC places a limit of 1 percent oil and organic contaminants in the waste feed stream for process control. Most oils found in a power plant waste stream are low viscosity fluids, which are liquid at room temperature. Based on calculations for a j typical waste stream with.20 percent solids by l weight.and 1 percent oil, the total concentration of 0 oil f.n the end product would be approximately 2.5 percent. This would lower the end product softening point by approximately 5' F; a negligible change. ,C. Waste-to-Asphalt Ratio in the Product The ratio of waste-to-asphalt contained in the end iproduct has the most bearing on the viscosity and physical consistency of that product during processing. The recommended ratios of waste-to-asphalt for each waste feed is as follows: ~ Ratio of Waste-to-Asphalt in Feed the End Product 1. Evaporator Concentrates 45/55 to 50/50* 2. Spent Resins (Bead or 30/70 to 50/50* Powdered) Optimum value depends on type and quantity of contaminants present. For resins, the presence of C . fibrous additives may also influence product flow characteristics, and, therefore, waste loadings. Should the ratio of waste-to-asphalt be increased above-the range specified in the foregoing table, the-end product viscosity will increase and may exhibit a grainy texture. This could lead to " pyramiding" of the product in the container, /2 es 1.3 VARIABLES INFLUENCING END PRODUCT PROPERTIES (cont.) C. Waste-to-Asphalt Ratio In the Product (cont.) thereby decreasing the container filling efficiency. In all cases, the product will cool to form a freestanding monolith. If lower than specified waste loadings are realized, the end product' properties will approach that of pure asphalt. Again, solidification is assured; however, towards this end of the spectrum, economical volume reduction may not be realized. Proper waste-to-asphalt ratios in the product are automatically maintained by a coordinated proportioning feeo system to the extruder-evaporator. Operator involvement is limited to setting the extruder-evaporator and the initial proportion of waste-to-asphalt flow. To do this, he must determine, by sampling, the solids contents of the waste feed. With the sample analysis, he need only consult a graph in the operating manual Feed Section to determine the proper feed control settings. D. Process Temperature A proper temperature profile along the. length of the extruder-evaporator is required to provide adequate evaporative (process) capacity, and to assure that f ree water is not discharged f rom the machine. Typical process temperature proiiles for all Hope Creek waste types are as follows: WASTE TYPE
- PROCESS TEMPERATURE (F)
BARREL: 1 2 3_ 4 5 6/7 8 EVAPORATOR 85 190 250 250 250 320 280 CONCENTRATES SPENT RESINS 85 190 230 230 230 240 240 ( Ce ntrif ug e) SPENT RESINS 85 190 240 240 240 270 2'7'O (slurry) Temperatures are approximate. Field changes may be required to optimize process. Low temperature alarms are provided to alert the operator to a low temperature off-spec. condition which could potentially lead to the discharge of free water. These alarms are based on a percent (%) deviation from set point, typically 1/2-l% or 1-4 4-
F L 1.3 VARIABLE INFLUENCING END PRODUCT PROPERTIES (cont.) l l D. Process Temperature (cont.) degrees F. The percent deviation permitted can be I adjusted in the field up to 10% (16-35 degrees F) of set point. While deviations of 10% will not result in free water in the product, this condition is the maximum deviation that should be tolerated since failure to hold this range indicates a problem with the equipment. If an off-spec. condition persists for two (2) minutes, the extruder-evaporator is automatically tripped to prevent f ree water f rom being discharged into the container. Free water cannot be discharged in the interim, since the residual heat of the extruder-evaporator itself is sufficient to effect evaporation. The foregoing controls / interlocks are provided to prevent the discharge of free water to the container. The temperature profiles specified above have been proven by experiment to yield residual total moisture content in the product of 1%- by weight for waste concentrates (inorganic salts), and 10% by weight for bead resins. This margin provides assurance that free water cannot be discharged under normal circumstances. Under upset or of f-spec, conditions, discharge of f ree water is prevented by the low temperature process interlocks.
1.4 CONCLUSION
Solidification of waste materials, incorporated in an asphalt matrix by the WPC-VRS process, is assured due to the inherent properties of the thermoplastic binder. Upon cooling, the waste-asphalt mixture will harden to assume the shape of the container into which it was poured. If the container were subsequently removed, the product would remain a monolithic freestanding solid. Process controls for assuring proper solidification consist of: A. Specifying the proper asphalt grade; B. Controlling the ratio of waste-to-asphalt; and C. Limiting oil content of waste feed. D. Maintaining proper process temperature control. e-1.5 ASPHALT TECHNICAL DATA
SUMMARY
WITCO CHEMICAL - PIONEER 221 A. Basic Constituent Pioneer 221 is an oxidized, petroleum-based asphalt. Oxidation is accomplished by air blowing at temperatures ranging from 200 degrees C (392 F) to 300, degrees C (572 F). Air blowing results in a product with minimum volatile content (0.2%), greater inertness, and higher molecular weight. B.- Flash Point The Flash Point of Pioneer 221 is in excess of 288 degrees C (549 F). The Flash Point is determined by the Cleveland Open. Cup ( ASTM D9 2-72) method. It is the lowest temperature at which surface vapors will momentarily ignite when a test flame is passed over the surface. C. Fire Point The Fire Point of Pioneer 221 is in excess of 300 degrees C (572 F), and like the Flash Point, is determined by the Cleveland Open Cup ( ASTM D92-7 2) method. It is the lowest temperature at which the surface vapors will burn for at least 5 seconds before going.out;-the vapors-being ignited as in the test for Flash Point. D. Ignition Point The Ignition Point of Pioneer 221 is approximately 400 degrees C (725 F). It is the lowest temperature at which the heat-loss from the combustible mixture is exceeded by the heat produced in the chemical reaction. Thus, it is the lowest temperature at which combustion begins and continues in an environment of air. E. Softening Point The sof tening Point of Pioneer 221 is in the range of 88-94 degrees C (190-201 F). It is determined by the Ring and Ball method as per ASTM D-36-70.. w,.,,
- G%
1.5 ASPHALT TECHNICAL DATA
SUMMARY
WITCO CHEMICAL - PIONEER 221 (cont.) F. Viscosity The Viscosity of Pioneer-221 is presented in the attached graph. The graph is based on the following data from Witco Chemical: Saybolt Universal Viscosity at 350 F 3000 seconds at 300 F 9500 seconds G. Penetration The Penetration of Pioneer 221 by ASTM Method D-5-73 for various temperatures is given below: 25 C (77 F) 22-30 dmm 46 C (155 F) 40-60 dmm 0C (32 F) 13-18 dmm The abbreviation "dmm" means one-tenth of a millimeter. The number of dmm's represents needle penetration under standard conditions of loading and time for a given temperature. H. Specific Gravity The Specific Gravity of Pioneer 221 is approximately 1.0 gram per cc. It is determined by ASTM Method D-70-72, which employs a pyenometer, a container of known volume which is weighed empty and filled with sample. I. Solubility Pioneer 221 may be considered to be entirely waterproof and insoluble - in wate r. It is soluble in petroleum solvents such as naphtha, mineral spirits and kerosene, in addition to carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide and trichloroethlene. %I K E 60. '.44. a*=e C S e.t C.T.C.L VISCOSITY (SSul .. e... S = 8 e..-e+6 ^ ... e~ee = 8 ...J... 4 .4... .;.,.4,, a.. 1 1 q.. . M. t,,. .., L...A. ..f~. . n. .[. y. .~ L._..p..g....j. .t. 4 .q .._+. .. c. .~.. g... ...g ~.. ..t... t. p~.. . ?r7,:..;: j. - a
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