ML20113A712
| ML20113A712 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Millstone  |
| Issue date: | 06/20/1996 |
| From: | Miller D NORTHEAST NUCLEAR ENERGY CO., NORTHEAST UTILITIES SERVICE CO. |
| To: | Grier J CONNECTICUT, STATE OF |
| References | |
| D10010, NUDOCS 9606250207 | |
| Download: ML20113A712 (25) | |
Text
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N:rthe:st 107 seiden street, Berim, cr 06037 Utilities Systr.m sonheut time. senke compny P.o. Box 270 Hartford, CT 06141-0270 (203) 665 5000 June 20,1996 i
D10010 (Docket 50-423)
Mr. Jan es Grin, Principal Sanitary Engineer Water Mway2 ment Bureau Department of Environmental Protection 79 Elm Street Hartford, CT 06106-5127
References:
Letter (D09899), D. B. Miller to J. Grier, dated May 20,1996.
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Dear Mr. Grier:
Millstone Nuclear Power Station Modification Request - Permit CT0003263 Addendum to May 20.1996 Reauest On May 20,1996, Reference, Northeast Nuclear Energy Company (NNECO) requested that the Millstone Station NPDES permit be modified. Pursuant to a meeting with you and Mr. David Cherico of DEP and T. Arcari, R. Robertson, D. Peiffer, and P. Brindamour of Nonheast Utilities, NhTCO herein submits the following addendum to its May 20,1996 request.
Condenser Cooling Water Flows - DSNs 001 A,001B, and 001C - Withdraw the request for flow increases.
Hydrazine - DSNs 001B-1 and 001C-1 add Hydrazine monitoring requirements.
DSN006 add Hydrazine monitoring requirements.
Ammonia - DSNs 001B-6 and 001C-6 add ammonia monitoring requirements DSN001B-la can be expected to show ammonia at 9.9mg/l similar to DSN001C-la in the 1989 application for permit renewal.
ETA - DSN006 add ETA monitoring requirements.
Molybdate Compound (MC)- Add the discharge ofMolybdate Compound to DSNs 001B-9 and 001C-9. Add a note to DSNs 001B-9 and 001C-9 as follows " Prior to the use of Molybdate Compound the permittee must submit a report for the review and approval of the commissioner that includes process modifications and concentrations of discharge."
240157 t
9606250207 960620 I
{l PDR ADOCK 05000245 P
PH If I
Mr. James Grier l
IQ10010/Page 2 j
l June 20,1996 1
Change " Batch" discharges to " total" discharge as follows:
Requested D_SN Present Discharge Descriotion Discharge Descriotion 001A-1 30,000g/ batch - 1 batch / day 30,000gpd 001A-2 14,000g/ batch - 2 batches / day 28,000gpd 001 A-4 3,500g/ batch - 2 batches / day 7,000gpd 001B-2 5,000g/ batch - 3 batches / day 15,000gpd 001B-3 30,000g/ batch - 2 batches / day 60,000gpd 001B-6 25,000g/ batch - 3 batches / day 75,000gpd 001C-2 25,000g/ batch - 2 batches / day 50,000gpd 001C-3 5,000g/ batch - 4 batches / day 20,000gpd 001C-6 25,000g/ batch - 2 batches / day 75,000gpd An MC is a product that can be used for corrosion control and can be used to funher reduce the dependency on Hydrazine. The ability to use an MC will provide NNECO an opportunity to minimize the use of one substance by panial substitution of another product that is more environmentally beneficial. Enclosed is data on MCs. NNECO plans to consider the use of MC in the future and prior i
to use will submit a complete engineering repon on the product and its effect on the environment including the expected reduction in the amount of Hydrazine required for present operation of Units 2 and 3.
The request to eliminate the present batch flow descriptions and replace them with maximum daily flows is to dispel the present confusion as to what constitute a " batch." The operation of several systems requires that discharges be intermpted prior to complete discharge (non-continuous).
l NNECO funher requests that in changing from " batch" to " total" discharges the following typographical errors in Permit CT0003263 be addressed:
DSN001B-1(a) - The maximum quantity per batch for hydrazine is listed in the " Maximum
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Quantity per Batch column as kg/d. This should have been listed as kg since this is a "per batch" limit.
DSN001B The maximum quantity per batch for Boric Acid is listed in the " Maximum Quantity per Batch" column as kg/d This should have been listed only as kg since this is a "per batch" limit.
DSNs 001A-5,001B-5, and 001C-5 are permitted for continuous chlorination at a concentration of 0.25mg/1. These DSNs discharge to the quarry via DSNs 001 A,001B, and 001C respectively. Since DSNs 001 A,001B, and 001C are condenser cooling water discharges and are limited to two hours per day chlorination, NNECO requests that a clarification be made that the continuous chlorine discharged up pipe from DSNs 001 A-5,001B-5, and 001C-5 is also permitted at DSNs 001 A,001B, and 001C.
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Mr. James Grier D10010/Page 3 l
June 20,1996 i.
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Should you have any questions, please call Mr. Thomas Arcari, Northeast Utilities Service Company, Environmental Permitting Department, at 665-3713.
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Very tmly yours.
NORTHEAST NUCLEAR ENERGYrgOMPANY
/]/l D. B. Miller, Jf.
I Senior Vice President - Nuclear Sa[fety and Oversight Encl:
cc:
U.S. NRC Attention: Document Control Desk Washington,DC 20555
Information Sheets on Molybdate Compound i
The attached MSDS sheets represent a Molybdate compound that we wish to test as an alternative corrosion inhibitor to hydrazine in closed cooling water systems. A significant amount of work has been done to develop a customized compound for Millstone's application. From this work, we have concluded that a molybdate compound will be used.
However, the manufacturer, as of this date, has not compiled an. MSDS for this new molybdate mixture.
We are sending MSDS sheets for the three constituents that will be used to formulate this compound. The approximate % of these components in the final vendor product are as l
follows:
1.
Triazole, approximrtely 1%
2.
Sodium molybdate, approximately 7.5 %
3.
Sodium carbonate, approximately 1 %
4.
Demineralized water, balance The product would be fed into the closed cooling water systems to maintain a molybdate concentration of between 500 to 1000 ppm.
Also included is information describing the use of molybdates as corrosion inhibitors.
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cc : $/ gar $ _.
hp SECTION_I MANUFACTURER:
PMC SPECIALTIES GROUP, INC.
ADDRESS:
501 Murray Road Cincinnati, OH 45217 EMERGENCY TELEPHONE:
(513) 242-3300 FOR TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY:
(800) 424-9300 CHEMICAL NAME AND SYNONYMS:
Sodium Tolyttriazole, 50% Water Solution TRADE NAMES AND SYNONYMS.
COBRATEC* TT-50S CHEMICAL FAMILY:
Triazole j
FORMULA:
C,H.N#a DOT SHIPPING DESCRIPIlON:
Caustic alkaliliquids, n.o.s.
(sodiumhyevak),8, UN1719, PGII i
PRODUCT NUMBER:
X18WT7440 NFPA BASED RATING:
halth: 3, Flammabuity: 0, Reactivity: 0 HMIS RATINGS:
Health: 3, Ir1*=i=== hey: 0, Reactivity: 0, PPE: F WHMIS CLASSIFICATION: D-2-(B), E SECTION II INGREDIENTS Material CAS No.
Wt. %
Exposure Lhnits Sodium Tolyltriazole 64665-57-2 49.5-51.0 None EstabHowd Water 7732-18-5 48.5-50.0 None Established 5
Sodmm Hydroxide 1310-73-2
<0.5
'!WA=2mg/m SECTION HI PHYSICAL DATA BOILING POIN1:
100* C FRER7JNG POIN T:
-8* C SPECIFIC GPXYTTY:
1.19 @ 25' C VAPOR PRESSURE AT 20C:
0.04 mm Hg VAPOR DENSITY:
Not Applicable SOLUBILITY IN WATER:
Mascible in all ymrntons
% VOLATILES BY VOLUME:
50% as water EVAPORATION RATE:
Not applicable (Butyl Acetate = 1)
APPEARANCE AND ODOR:
Clear yellow to amber solution, characterisac odor, pH=13.5
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114065 Q..
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SEL fiON IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Not Applicable F1,;ASB POINT:
Not Applicable AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE:
Not Applicable FLAMMABLE LIMITS IN AIR:
<!ot Applicable EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:
Full protective equip =aar including self-7,FiCIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDUF.ES:c<mta'med breathin l
Gre. Dunng -w/ condaions overexpose to f+wie:ition pudscts may cause a hazard. Symptotr may not be inunediately apparent. Get Wint attention.
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GEUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Closed containen may ruptu du. Io steam pressure build-up when exposed to extreme heat.
i closed containers.
SECTION V HEALTH HAZARD DATA l
Corrosive. Proloeged cormt can be destructive to tissue.
l EFFECTS OF OVEREKPOSURE:
Contact with the eyes may severely damage delicate eye tissue.
l IF ON SKIN: Wash aFected area EMER'GENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES:
S i
thoroughly with soap and water. Rezr.ove contammated cMhirg, rings, e l
Get==fini ::antion.
IF Flush eyes with large amounts of war for 15 minutu.Never giv SWALLOWED:
If affxted, VOMrriNG. Give large amounts of water. Get medical anenti:s IF INHALED:
Oct==ilmi attecison.
i temove frarc exposure. Restore breathing. Keep warm and quiet.
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TOXICITY DAT!w
]
920 mg/kg (Male)
)
i Ora? LDn (rat) 640 mg/kg (%:nale)
Can cause severe irritation Eye and Skin Irritant (due to free caustic content).
I CAP.CINOGENICITY: None of the ccmponents in this maturid ces lised i
l 0:;HA, or ACGIH as a carcinogen.
=
SECTION VI REACTIVITY DATA l
STABILITY: Stable INCOMPATIBILITY: Strong Oxidizing Agents, Strong Acids.
BY FIRE:
1 RAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTJ:
l Monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, I'CN possible in redurmg atmospheres.
Will Noc occur HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION:
l E6 '
1, d
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SECTION VII SPff f OR LEAK PROCEDURES STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN CASE THE MATERIAL IS SPrrm OR RELEASED: Pick l
up spill on suitable absorbent material. Flush spill area with water.
WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD: Sanitary landfdl or incinerate in approved facilities in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Do not beat or incinerate in closed containers.
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTIVE INFORMATION RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: If personal exposure cannot be controlled below appilcable exposare limits by Wintion, wear respiratory devices approved by NIOSH/MSHA for protecdon against organic vapots, dust, fumes and unsts.
VENTILATION: Local exhaust is recommended.
PROTECTIVE GLOVES: Nwy to avoid skin contact.
EYE PROTECTION: Use safety glasses with u+.A.E4 side shields, or ibil face shield j
when danger of splashing is great.
OTHER PROTECITVE EQUIPMENT: Rubber apron or similar protective ek*hia= to prevent contact with sidn or clothes.
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS CORROSIVE MATERIAL Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. DO NOT TAKE INTERNALLY. Clean up spills inunediately.
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN HANDLING AND STORAGE: Keep careniners tightly closed when not b use. Store only in containers which are resistant to caustic solutions.
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SECT 2ON X REGULATORY STATUS n
Sodium Tolyltriazole (CAS No. 64665-57-2) is containd on the followine chantent lists:
i
)
1.
Canadian Domestic Substance List; 2.
TSCA Inventory List' Sadium Hydroxide (CAS No. 1310-73-2) is conrniaad on the followina chanicit lists:
1.
Clean Water Act Secdon 311 Hazardous Substances; 2.
NIOSH Recommendation Substances; 3.
Comprehensive Environmental Response O-q=stian, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Hazardous Substances (RQ=1000 lbs);
4.
OSHA Air Conenminanrc; 5.
American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Chemicals; 6.
DOT Hazardous Materials;
't.
DOT Hazardous Substances Other 'Ihan Radionuclides; and Radionuclides; 8.
Me~~ha etts Substance List; 9.
New Jersey Right To Know Hazardous Substance List; 10.
Pennsylvania Hazardous Substance List; 11.
WHMIS Ingredient Disclosure List; 12.
canadian Domestic Sahace List; 13.
TSCA Invemory List; FREPARED:
November 6,1995 SUPERSEDES:
August 28,1995 The infonnanon contamed herein is based on ibe dass avadable e us and is behered to be correct as of ibe das prepared; however. PMC SPECIALTIES GROUP. INC. makes so warramry, expressed or haphed regardaag ibs accuracy ofibses desa or ibe rendu so be obuined trom ibe use abereof.
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RECTION 1 CHEMICAL PRODUCTS & COMPANY IDENTIFICATION CLIMAX MOLYBDENUM COMPANY c J"E "C",."o"2% ""*"
An Affiliate Of Cyprus Cilmax Metals Company c,,,,,,c, 1501 W. FOUNTAINHEAD PARKWAY FAX:
So2 929-443o P.O. BOX 22015 Tm:
2ieino cuco TEMPE, ARIZONA 85285-2015 SUBSTANCE: SODIUM MOLYBDATE DlHYDRATE PRODUCT: SODIUM MOLYBDATE CRYSTALLINE TRADE NAMES / SYNONYMS: DISODIUM MOLY 5DATE DlHYDRATE: SODIUM MOLYBDATE; H.MoNa20.; SODIUM MOLYBDATE, DlHYDRATE; CHEMICAL FAMILY: INORGANIC SALT SECTION 2 COMPOSITION /INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS COMPONENT:
Sodium molybdate, dihydrate CAS NUMBER: 10102-40-6 PERCENTAGE:
100.0 SECTION 3 HkZ,ARDS IDENTIFICATION CERCLA RATINGS (SCALE 0 3):
HEALTH = 3 FIRE = 0 REACTIVITY = 0 PERSISTENCE = 3 NFPA RATINGS (SCALE 0-4):
HEALTH = U FIRE = 0 REACTIVITY = 0 EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: No known fire or reactivity hazard.
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS:
INHALATION:
SHORT TERM EFFECTS: May cause irritation. Additional offects may include coughing and chest pain.
LONG TERM EFFECTS: No information available on significant adverse effects.
SKIN CONTACT:
SHORT TERM EFFECTS: May cause rash.
LONG TERM EFFECTS: No information available on significant adverse offects.
EYE CONTACT:
SHORT TERM EFFECTS: May cause irritation.
LONG TERM EFFECTS: No information is available.
INGESTION:
SHORT TERM EFFECTS: May cause vomiting, high blood pressure, weakness and coma.
LONG TERM EFFECTS: May cause lack of appetite, diarrhea and anemia.
CARCINOGEN STATUS:
OSHA:
N NTP:
N IARC:
N sa 1
},
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ ___ _ _ _______ ~ _ _ - -
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SECTION 4 FIRST AlD MEASURES
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1 INHALATION: FIRST AID - Remove from exposure area to fresh air immediately. If breathing has f
stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep person warm and at rest. Treat symptomatically and t
supportively. Get medical attention immediately, i
SKIN CONTACT: FIRST AlD - Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. Wash affected area with soap or mild detergent and large amounts of water until no evidence of chemical remains (approximately 15 20 minutes). Get medical attention immediately.
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EYE CONTACT: l'IRST AID - Wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water or normal saline, j
occasionally lif ting upper and lower lids, until no evidence of chemical remains (approximately 15-20 minutes). Get medical attention immediately.
]
INGESTION: FIRST AfD - Treat symptomatically and supportively. Get medical attention
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immediately. If vomiting occurs, keep head lower than hips to prevent aspiration.
]
j SECTION 5 FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES i
i FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD: Negligible fire hazard when exposed to heat er flame.
4 EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Extinguish using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.
FIREFIGHTING: No acute hazard. Move container from fire area if possible. Avoid breathing vapors or dusts; keep upwind.
HAZARDOUS COM8UST10N PRODUCTS: Thermal decomposition products may include toxic sodium oxide.
SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES OCCUPATIONAL SPILL: Sweep up and place in suitable clean, dry containers for reclamation or later disposal. Do not flush spilled material into sewer. Keep unnecessary people away.
SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE STORAGE: Observe all federal, state and local regulations when storing or disposing of this substance. For assistance, contact the district director of the Environmental Protection Agency.
Store away from incompatible substances.
SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION EXPOSURE LIMITS:
MOLY'OENUM, SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS (A8 Mo):
5 mg/m' OSHA TWA 3
5 mg/m ACGlH TWA 8
5 mg/m DFG MAK TWA (total dust);
50 mg/m* DFG MAK 30 minute peak, average value,1 time / shift VENTILATION: Provide local exhaust ventilation and/or general dilution ventilation to meet published exposure limits EYE PROTECTION: Employee should wear splash-proof or dust-resistant safety goggles to prevent i
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cys cantcet with this 3ubztzncs.
EMERGENCY EYE WA.tM: Where there is any possibility that an employee's eyes may be exposed to i
this substance, the employer should provide an eye wash fountain within the immediate work area for emergency usa.
CLOTHING: Empsoyee should wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with this substance.
Gloves: Employee should wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent contact with this substance.
RESPIRATOR: The following respirators are recommended based on information found in the physical data, toxicity and health effects sections. They are ranked in order from minimum to maximum respiratory protection. The specific respirator selected must be based on contamination levels found in the work place, must be based on the specific operation, must not exceed the working limits of the respirator and must be jointly approved by the National institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (NIOSH-MSHA).
-Any dust, mist, and fume respirator.
-Any chemical cartridge respirator with a dust, mist, and fume filter.
-Any powered air-purifying respirator with a dust, mist, and fume filter.
-Any type 'c' supplied air respirator with a full f acopiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full faceplace, helmet or hood operated in continuous flow mode.
-Any self contained breathing apparatus with a full f ace piece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
FOR FIREFIGHTING AND OTHER tMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH CONDITIONS:
Any self contained breathing apparatus that has a full facopiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
Any supplied air respirator that has a full facopiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus op. Rated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
SECTION 9 PHYSICIAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION:
White Powder 3
MOLECULAR WEIGHT:
241.95 l
MOLECULAR FORMULA:
Na,-Mo-0.2(H 0) 4 2
BOluNG POINT:
N/A MELTING POINT:
1269 F (687 C) (Anhydrous)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 3.28 (Anhydrous WATER SOLUBILITY:
56%
PH:
9-10 @ 5% Solution SOLVENT SOLUSILITY:
Insoluble in Methanol and Acetone.
Loses water of hydration above 212 F (100 C).
SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY REACTIVITY: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures CONDITIONS TO AVOID: May burn but does not ignite readily. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers, excessive heat, sparks, or open flame.
INCOMPATitiLITIES:
SODIUM MOLY 8DATE:
INTERHALOGENS: incompatible, b,
s.s 3
UN
~
METALS: Incompstibia.
i HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION: Thermal decomposition products may include toxic sodium oxide.
POLYMERIZATION: Hazardous polymerization has not been reported to occur under normal j
temperatures and pressures.
SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION 1
SODIUM MOLYBDATE:
j TOXICITY DATA:
j ANHYDROUS: > 2080 mg/m'/4 hours inhalation. rat LC50; 4000 mg/kg oral rat LD50; 670 mg/kg j
subcutaneous. mouse LD50; 917 mg/kg intravenous. cat LD50; 303 mg/kg intraperitoneal. mouse j
LD50; 576 mg/kg intraperitoneal-rat LD50: mutagenic data (RTECS); reproductive effects date 4
(RTECS).
DlHYDRATE: 520 mg/kg intraperitoneal-rat LD50; 257 mg/kg intraperitoneal-mouse LD50; reproductive effects data (RTECS).
j CARCINOGEN STATUS: None.
j ACUTE TOXICITY LEVEL: Moderately toxic by ingestion.
TARGET EFFECTS: Poisoning may affect the liver and kidneys.*
AT INCREASED RISK FORM EXPOSURE: Persons with gout or respiratory or blood disorders.*
ADDITIONAL DATA: The levels of copper, sulfur, and zine in the diet may have an effect on the toxicity.'
- May be based on generalinformation on soluble molybdenum compounds.
HEALTH EFFECTS:
INHALATION:
ACUTE EXPOSURE: May cause respiratory tract irritation, coughing, and chest discomfort.
CHRONIC EXPOSURE: Chronic exposure of workmen in a molybdenum. copper plant produced liver dysfunction with hyperbilirubinomia. Similar bepatotoxic effects were found in animals given molybdenum salts.
SKIN CONTACT:
ACUTE EXPOSURE: Brief contact with dry skin is unlikely to cause irritation. On wet skin, irritation j
and a difficult to heal rash may occur. Primary irritation which appeared after 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> and cleared up after 72 hours8.333333e-4 days <br />0.02 hours <br />1.190476e-4 weeks <br />2.7396e-5 months <br /> has been reported in animals.
CHRONIC EXPOSURE: Prolonged contact with dry skin may cause irritation. Among chemists handling molybdenum and tungsten solutions, there was a high incidence of gout.
EYE CONTACT:
ACUTE EXPOSURE: May cause irritation. A 20% solution applied to animal eyes caused conjunctivitis with discharge, but no irritation to the cornas and Iris.
CHRONIC EXPOSURE: No dets available.
NdGESTION:
ACUTE EXPOSURE: Large doses may cause cramping, vomiting, and hypertension. With lethal doses of molybdenum compounds, death was preceded by lethargy and coma.
CHRONIC EXPOSURE: Chronic feeding to robbets at dietary levels of 0.1% or higher was uniformly f atal witain a fe n weeks. There is a correlation between the molybdenum content in food and the incidence of gout, uricemia, and xanthine oxidase activity. Signs of molybdenum poisoning include loss of appetite, listlessness, diarrhea, and te duced growth rate. Animals on high dietary levels of molybdenum showed enemia and deformitisc. of the joints of the extremities.
SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 4
s 7.
s-3 M.>,
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RATING (0-4): No data cvail::bla ACUTE AQUATIC TOXICITY: No data oveilabla
' DEGRADABILITY: No data available
)
LOG BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR (BCF): No data available LOG OCTANOL / WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT: No data available SECTION 13 DISPOSAL INFORMATION WASTE DISPOSAL: Observe all federal, state and local regulations when disposing of this substance.
SECTION 14 TRANSPORATION INFORMATION No classification currently assigned.
l SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION TSCA STATUS: N OTHER REGULATORY INFORMATION AVAILABLE:
CERCLA SECTION 103 (40 CFR 302.4):
N SARA SECTION 302 (40 CFR 355.30):
N SARA SECTION 304 (40 CFR 355.40):
N SARA SECTION 313 (40 CFR 372.65):
N OSHA PROCESS SAFETY (29 CFR 1910.119): N CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65:
N SARA HAZARD CATEGORsES, SARA SECTIONS 311/312 (40 CFR 370.211:
ACUTE HAZARD:
N CHRONIC HAZARD:
N FIRE HAZARD:
N REACTIVITY HAZARD:
N SUDDEN RELEASE HAZARD:
N SECTION 16 OTHER CREATION DATE: 11/28/84 REVISION DATE: 12/01/94 TNs meterial safety data sheet and the information it contains is offered to you in good faith as scourete. We have reviewed any information contained in this date sheet wNeh we received from sources outside our company. We believe that Information to be correct but cannot guerentee its securacy or completeness. Health and safety precautions in this data sheet may not be adequate for allindiv6 duals and/or situations. It is the user's obligation to evoluste and use this product safely and to comply with all appiscobie laws and regulations. No statement made in tNs date sheet sheH be construed as a permission or recommendation for the use of any product in a menner that might infringe existing patents. No worsenty is made, either tapress or implied.
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RHONE-POULENC BASIC CHEMICALS CO.
1 Corporate Drive Box 881 Shelton, CT. 06484 (203)925 3300 24-HOUR EMERGENCY TELEPHONE CHEMTREC 1 800-424-9300 PRODUCT NAMEfS):
Page:
1 of 6 SODA ASH (SODIUM CARBONATE, ANHYDROUS)
Effective Date:
May 31,1991 Supercedes:
April 18,1991 L IDENTIFICATION CMENICAL MAME OF PRIMARY ODNPONENT(8): Godium Carbonate, anhydrous FORMUIA:
Na2CO FogonTIAWEIcNr: 105.99 3
SYNONYMS: Disodium carbonate; toda, calciaed; coda ash; carbonic acid, disodium salt CAS e & names 497-19-8 Carbonic acid disodium salt II. INOREDIENTS/
SUMMARY
OF HAZARDS osan EAEARoo0S (a)/
INGREDIENT ($1 CAS NUMBER NON-EA1ARD00$ (NH1 FERCENT sodium carbonate 497-19-8 5
100 WAANING STATEMENYS MARNINGl CAUSES EYE IRRITATION.
PROLONGED OR REFEATED CONTACT MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Wear appropriate protective clothing and devices when handling. Avoid breathing dust.
Do not take internally.
l (See Section VI for complete Sealth Basard Data)
NFPA SEMIS ERALTM 2
2 NATIONAL FIRE FROTECTION ASSOCIATION RATING FIRE O
O MAZARDOUS MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM REACTIVITY 0
0 (4=Estress/ Severe 3=Righ/ Serious 2sNoderate 1= Slight 0=Minimus) 130tEDIATE (ACUTE) REALTE YES DELAYED (CERONIC) EEALTN NO SARA TITLE III RAEARD CLASSIFICATION FIRE NO SUDDEN RELEASE OF FREs3URE NO i
M CTIVE NO b.)
RHONE POULENC j
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RHONE-POULENC BASIC CHEMICAIS CO.
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Page:
2 cf 6 SODA ASH (SODIUM CARBONATE, ANHYDROUS)
EffoCtive Date: May 31,1991 i
III. PHYSICAL DATA SPECIFIC cRav!Tri 2.53 BULR DENSITY:
48-45 1ha./cu.ft.
mELTINC POINT [*C (*F)):
851'c (1564'F)
DECOMPOSITION POINT [*C ('F)]:
400'C (752*F) begins to evolve 00 pH 11.3 (14 aqueous celution) 11.6 (10% aqueous solution)
SOLUBILITY IN WATER (G O 'C):
79/200g water APPEARANCE AND ODOR:
white granular solid / odorless (For additional technical information call 1-800-642-4200)
IV. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA FLAsM POINT [*C ("F)):
Nonoombustible FLAMMABLE LIMITS IN AIR:
Not applicable AUTOICNITION TEMPERATURE [*C (*F)ja Not applicable SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:
Wear a NI0ss/nsMA approved self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Dike area to prevent runoti and contamination of water sources.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION BAtARDS:
Does not contribute any unusual hasards in a fire.
Decomposee to form carbon dioxide, a fire satinguishing agent.
V. REACTIVITY DATA STABILITY:
stabis at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID:
MygroecoFic; protect from moisture.
Remining of separated acid and sodium carbonate solutione sould cause CO: evolution and severe splattering.
MATERIALS TO AVOID:
Reacts with strong acide, can react violently with A1, Ps s, NrSO., F, Li and 2,4,6-trinitretolueno (1) o This material upon contact with certain food products or their roeiduos which contain reducing sugare, may react to fess deadly carbon monomide gas.
Proper tank entry and occupancy precedures should be observed.
moattor the tank atmosphere for the presence of carbon monoxide gas.
EASARDOOS DECOMPOSITICOI PRODUCTS:
carbon disside is evolved at very high temperatures (1000'C, 1832'F) or when mixed with seide.
'mkIARD005 POLYMERIEATION:
N111 not occur.
^
5 u*
P
l PRODUCT NAME:
Page:
3 cf 6 SODA ASH (SODIUM CARBONATE ANHYDROUS)
Effective Date: May 31,1991 VI. HEALTH HAZARD DATA /FIRST AID PROCEDURES 21POSUM LIMIT 8: (none specifically established for this product.)
ghggiggi Mamefe)
ACGIN fTLV)
OSRA fTWh)
Particulates 10 mg/m' 15 mg/af not otherwise (TWA) total dust Classified total dust 5 mg/m' respirable fraction i
T0XICOLOGY DATA:
Oral LD50 (rats):
3160 mg/kg (2), 4090 mg/kg (3)
Dermal LD50 (rabbits):
No information available Inhalation Lcs0 (rats):
2300 mg/m'/2R (3) j Skin Effects (rabbits):
Non-irritant; 4 hr esposure (2)
Mild irritant 24 he exposure (3)
Eye Effects (rabbits):
severe irritant (2)
Kild irritant (100 og with 30 see rinse) (3)
CARCINOGENICITY:
This product does not contain any ingredient designated by IARC, NTP, ACGIH CR OSHA as a probable human carcinogen.
j f
ETTECTS OF SINGLE OVERIEPo$URE:
1 Swallowing:
May cause burns of the south, throat, esophsgue and stomach.
May cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea if large quantities are ingested.
skin Absorption: skin absorption through intact skin is likely to be negligible.
Inhalation:
May be irritating to the nose, throat and respiratory tract.
Skin Contacts May cause skin irritation, seen as redness and swelling. In presence of moisture or sweat, may cause more severe irritation, including burns, following prolonged contact.
Eye contact:
Causes eye irritation.
EFFECTS OF REPEATED OVEREXPOSURE:
Repeated exposure may lead to irritation and/or sensitivity of the skin.
OTHER ETFECTS OF CVEREXPO5URE:
Concentrated solutions in contact with skin and eyes may cause chemical burns.
EXISTING MEDICAL 00NDITIOMs POSSISLY AGORAVATED BY REPOSURE:
Skin irritation may be aggravated in persons with esisting skin lesions.
Sreathing of dust may aggravate acute or chronic asthma and other chronic pulmonary disease.
I
RHONE-POULENC BASIC CHEMICALS CO.
PRODUCT NAME:
Page:
4 cf 6
$ DA ASH (SODIUM CARBONATE, ANHYDROUS)
Effective Date: May 31,1991 VI. HEALTH HAZARD DATA /FIRST AID PROCEDURES (cDatinued)
EMEmCENCY AND FIRST AID FROCEDURES:
Swallowing:
If victim is conscious and alert, give two or more glaesse of water or milk to drink. Do not induce vomiting. If voniting does occur, give fluido again. Do not give carbonated beverages er weak acida euch as vinegar.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person. GET IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTICII.
Skin Immediately wipe emesse material off skin with a dry cloth then wash with soap and plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. If heavy contamination has occurred, then discard the clothing in a manner which limits further exposure.
Otherwise, thoroughly clean contaminated slothing and shoes before reuse.
SET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
Inhalation:
Remove victim to fresh air.
IF not breathing administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation or artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult or irritation develops, GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
Eyes:
In case of contact, insediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes using an eyewash fountain, if available. Lift upper and lower lids and rinse well under them.
GET MEDICAL ATTENTIOff, preferably an ophthanologist.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAMS:
All treatments should be based on observed signs and symptoms of distress in the patient. Consideration should be given to the possibility that overexposure to materials other than this product may have occurred.
If burns result from overexposure, treat in the following manner Ingestion Treat asphyxia from glottal edema by maintaining an adequate airway.
Treat shock. Maintain normal blood pressure by transfusion and by the administration of 5% dextrose in saline. If symptoms are severe and perforation of the stomach or esophagus is suspected, give nothing by mouth until endoscopic examination has carbohydrate or hyperalimentary fluid Maintain nutrition by giving/kg/d in divided doses for 10 days, to been done.
Give prednisolone, 2 ag intravenously.
reduce progression of fibrocystic and hyaline lung disease. Esophageal stricture may require dilation.
VIL PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE stars To sE razza Ir naTEnrat Is art.zAs D on stII.LsD To the extent possible, clean up spillage using shovels, sweeping, or vacuuming.
Avoid dust generation. place in appropriate containers for disposal. Flush area with water.
If spilled on the ground, the affected area should be scraped clean and the material placed in an appropriate container for disposal. Do not flush material to public sewer systems or any waterways. Wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment during clean up activities.
Ensure adequate decontamination of tools and equipment following clean up.
Large spille should be handled according to a predetermined plan. For assistance in developing a plan, contact the Technical service Department, 1-s00-642-4200.
y Lt.
RHONE-POULENC BASIC CHEMICALS CO.
PRODUCT NAME:
Page:
5 Of 6 l
SODA ASH (SODIUM CARBONATE, ANHYDROUS)
Effective Date: May 31,1991 l
VII. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE (continued)
WASTE DIsrosat xETuCD Dispose of in accordance with Imcal, State and Federal regulations.
PRECAUTIONS TO SE TARIN IN MANDLING AND STORINGe Do not ingest. Avoid exposure by inhalation. Avoid getting in eyes or on skin and clothing.
Containers should be stored in a cool, dry, well ventilated area away from flamsable materials and sources of heat or flame. Store away from foodstuffs or animal feed.
Esercise due caution to prevent damage to er leakage from container.
VIII. SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE USED DURING TEE FOLIAMf!NG PROCEDURES:
- Manufacture or formulation of this product
- Repair and maintenance of contaminated equipment
- Clean up of leaks and spills
- Any activity that may result in exposures to concentrations that exceed exposure limits.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION:
In dusting conditions, use a NIOsN/MSHA approved dust mask if concentration exceeds suggested exposure limits. Use positive pressure supplied air or esif-contained breathing apparatus for emergency er other conditions where a higher level of protection is required.
VENTILATION:
Provide adequate ventilation. Use local exhaust as needed to maintain airborne exposure below control limits.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
Work clothing. Chemical resistant gloves and boots.
EYE FROTECTION:
Chemical safety goggles.
OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:
Maintain a sink, safety shower and eyewash fountain in the work area.
Have oxygen readily available.
IX. REGULATORY STATUS TSCA Inventory Status: This product is listed on the TsCA Laventory.
Transportation status: Not regulated SARA Title III Section 302 Extremely Essardous Substance List Not listed section 313 Toxic Chemicals:
Not listed Reportable Quantity (RQ) under Us EPA CERcIA:
Not listed RCRA Nazardous Waste:
Not listed state / International Right-to-Rnow Regulations:
Listed for Canada only.
.1 6
RHONE-POULENC BASIC CHEhDCALS CO.
~
PRODUCT NAME:
Page:
6 cf 6 SODA ASH (SODIUM CARBONATE, ANHYDROUS)
Effective Date: May 31,1991 X. REFERENCES I
l (1) Brotherick, Handboek of Rametive chemical Eaaards, 3rd ed.
l (2) Unpublished RP toxicity study.
1 (3) RTEC 1/91 l
(4) Dreisbach, Mandbook of Pelsenine, 13th ed.
I 1
The information herein is given in good faith but no warranty, expressed or implied, le made.
I MSDS # 03500-90.sse FSIS # 800.455.5 i
i r
SODIUM MOLYBDATE AS A CORRO$ ION INNIBITOR I_N AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS _
D. R. Robitaille Climax Molybdenum Co. of Michigan Subsidiary of AMAX Inc.
Ann Arbor, Michigan ABSTRACT The propensity of sodissa molybdate to inhibit the corrosion of steel, copper, and aluminum is demonstrated. Laboratory and field testing are presented showing sodium molybdate can reduce corrosion in simulated and actual cooling water systems. Recent data are also provided showing the insensitivity of fish and fish food to sodium molybdate, and a brief des-cription of the mechanism of molybdate inhibition is presented.
INIt0 DUCTION Numerous chemicals are known to inhibit the corrosion of iron in water or neutral salt solutions.
Inhibition by molybdates was recognised about 40 years agol-2, but found little use.
Chromate was the preferred inhibitor because of a long history of successful commercial useage and its excellent cost /e'ffective-ness over a wide range of conditions.
1he popularity of chromate inhibition is diminishing, however, because of concern over its toxic effect on aquatic and possibly animal life.
Increasingly, legislation is being enacted to restrict the discharge of hexsvalent chromium into waterways. As the result, the
~
water treatment industry has recently turned it's attention to' chemicals, like molybdates, which are not adverse to the envirormient.
HOLYBDENUM AND T0XICITI
& lybdenum, though classed as a heavy metal, is unlike chromium and many other heavy metals in that it is tolerated, even required, in various concen-trations by many life forms. Molybdenum is a micronutrient which is essential to nearly all plant forms, and probably animals as well3-5. When molybdenum is not available in the soil, farmers must add it in sufficient amounts through fertilisers, foliar sprays, or seed treatments for optimal growth to take place.
For many years, molybdenum and its compounds have been used in steels, ferti-11sers, pigments, catalysts, lubr{ cants, corrosion inhibitors, ceramics, metal surface treatments, and laboratory reagents with no record of industrial poisoning. Molybdenum compounds have baan characterised as nontoxic in U.S.0 0
7 Public Health Bulletin 293 ; by the Federal Basardous Substancer liebeling Act ;
and by the Occupational gefety and Health Act9. 21ybdenten compounds have been used in medical treatments 10-11, and are widely prescribed in witamin and mineral mixtures. A recent Tscete toxicity study with sinc and calcium molybdate paint pigments showed they are not toxicl2 13.
Soluble molybdates, used as corrosion s
inhibitors, were declared 14 to have extremely low or even negligible toxicity, and the New Drug Institute reported 15 r. hat sodium molybdate is considerably less irritating than sodisse dichromate and that it presents no dermal or local hasard.
- eoe.at of a paper presented at the Weser Cerros en som net, October 1s 20,1s77, en CNeoge, htimeis, sponsored by the North Central Reg.on of the Net enet Associeten of Corrosion Ergiacert. Regusts for pesmistren to publish this prearmted sape* must be most m evriting to N ACE PutNicehoas Deperiment.1440 souts Creek Dr. Hewsten Tomas ??Os4. Thh merheseret has not toen rwiessed wy NaCE, one essersingiv, the material presentes and the views esoreseed are sesely these of she author (el end are not mesomenly ensorsed try the A6 set.8tson.
(J,,,
3.'h i
l l
8 Tho ocnsitivity of typical fish eng fish food to sodium molybdate V s tha
.cubject of r: cent ccute tcaicity testol conducted undse static biossosy cen-dicions according to the Fish Bioassay Procedure prescribed in the 1970 edition of " Standard Methods (APRA)".
The results, summarized in hble 1, show that
)
,the 96 h TLso values for the test fish range from over 6700 to greater than 10,000 mg/1; and the "no ef fect" levels for which no adverse symptoms appeared I
range from 21600 to T500 mg/1.
tb put these nianbers in perspective, typtesi "no effect" levels for DDT residues and chromates are 0.01 and 50 mg/1, respectively.
Table 2 compares the 48-hour TL-50 toxicity of sodium molybdate and sodium dichromate toward rainbow trout and Daphnia.
It is clear that soditas molybdate enjoys a considerable margin for safety over sodium dichromate in water systems.
THg NATURE OF MDLYBDATE INHIBITIOf,i The cortosion of iron in contact with aqueous solutions depends on pH and the electrode potential of the solution.
The pourbaix diagram for iron 7 1
(Figure 1) shows the conditions under which the metal can be protected, in theory, from corrosion.
There are three sectiens to the disgrea; (1) the corrosion region, (2) a passivation region where corrosion is inhibited, and (3) an issminity region where corrosion is thermodynamica11y taq>ossible.
The corresponding diagram for iron in the presence of molybdateli (Figure
- 2) approximates a snuch reduced corrosion region caused by the molybdate raising the potential into the region of passivation.
A description of the inhibiting agchanism of sodium molybdate in siaeulated cooltag waters was recently suggestedLO. When iron corrodes, molybdate anions, in competition with other anions, adsorb to form a nonprotective complex with iron (11).
Due to dissolved oxygen, the iron (II) is oxidited to the (III) state, and the iron (II). molybdate complex transforms to iron (III) molybdate which is both insoluble and protective in neutral and basic waters.
This protective film may be more complex than simple iron (III) molybdate in that it probably also contains iron (III) oxides.
The eventual accumulation of a double layer increases the protection afforded by the film.
Films formed in the author's study during potentiodynamic polarization experiments were too thin for the presence of molybdenum to be shown. Molybdenum was found, however, by electron microprobe analyses in similar, relatively thick films developed by simply immersing iron in sodium molybdate solutions for longer times.
SOLUBLg MOLY 3DATgS AS CORROSION INRIBITORS FOR IRON The first cassnercial use of soluble molybdates as corrosion inhibitors was in organic antifreeze solutions for ensina cooling systems 1,2 Published work on inhibition by soluble molybdates has focused chiefly on their mechanism and officacy in distilled and mildly aggressive waters. Limited information is, therefore, available on the performance of sodium molybdate as influenced by water variables and other typical water soluble chemicals.
Since molybdate inhibits by adsorption, other easily adsorbed anions such as chloride, are competitive and can interfere with the formation of a passive film.
This necessitates the use of more snolybdate to protect steel in typical cooling waters than required for protection in distilled water.
2
~
.(:. 5. [
f
l l
ACUTE TOXICITY OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE i
NO EFFECT TLso mg/l mg/l BLUEGILL.
24 HR 96 HR LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS 10,000 6790 2400 RAINBOW TROUT-SALMO GAIRDb.ERI 10,000 7340 3200 CHANNEL CATFISH-ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS 10,000 10,000 7500 FATHE AD MINNOW-PIMEPHALES PROMELAS 10,000 7630 5600 WATER FLEA-24 HR 48HR DAPHNIA MAGNA 3370 3220 1600 l
SCUD-
~
GRAMMARUS FASCIATUS 4800 3940 1800 l
l l
l TABLE 2 COMPARATIVE ACUTE TOXICITY CHEMICAL SPECIES TEST TOXICITY MOLYBDATE RAINBOW TROUT 96hr TL o 7340 ppm 3
CHROMATE RAINBOW TROUT 96hr TL o 285 ppm 5
MOLYBDATE DAPHNIA 4Bhr TL 3220 ppm 3o CHROMATE DAPHNIA 4Bhr TL o 3 ppm 3
m
- y g g si g p ara.
~^
By hL S.Veknedch and D. R. bbitallie Climas Milybdenum Company cf Michigan, a Subddiary cf AMAX INC., Ana Arbor, Michigas, UJ.
A lebeestery sh dy was senducted en the terresson inhibeen of inw serben oreel by sodium molybdate in sI I
weiers.The inhitNng effisocy or sodium meiradate is shown se be influenced by wetet composihen end by th i
weser postment CM* More molybdete is seevired se protest steelin seher waters and these senteinins high sulphete senesnarations. 5ome sommen water troeunent shemisens. neteWy on euryl phosehenate. sediu sodium glucenste. erneesistisefly improve ariolybdete inhbsion. Recesit d
/J_ m er---, is eine imeluded, asis a brief desenecen a
of the inhita.ng machenom et molybdese.
Tessa 3 CataostA7s-sase steel corrosion inhibitors inave dom-lasted the cooling water treatment Seld for many Assa analeiry of andhen @ dam to @ Efe years 8 Nos.chromats inhlbitors were generaDy reie-p p y *, E *8asv as1-8 8"'"
gated to proteetmg systems where chromate was unsatisfactory.a This subordination is changing.
3:eeg i 3, goo g 9,o ugo g
Emerging legislation restricting discharges of toxic gnomir -
24 Raiahow treet 36000 7 MD 2 300 chromate into public waterways is expanding the use (88d"* 8"'d**0 of contaale alternatives. One sach alternative is N = i emissh som sogoo 1m sodium asolybdate whose value as a corrosion inhibi-D anese,
l gogoo yno 3 go tor has long been recognised8'
- and studied.8 58 Very little data han been published, houwwer, regarding its (r w ehr.p,o s )
Mh de h I
ef5cacy la actual oc simulated soohng waters, or in woor een 3m 3no a son
. waters which also contain other common water trust-mest chemicals. De perfoissoas of sodmm molyb.
sad demo spoo 3 soo date in these waters is important to its opdasm use (c,sieuweefssdenes la.
- 1 1 treatment formulations. The mbleet af (APHA)".%e assults, summarised in Table 1, show this oaser is the aerre-wee of endinm%a vhdate in that the 96 h T4se vahses for the test Ash range from imulated coolinn wnre :a= in interesiens with ever 6100 to greater.than 10000 mg 1~ 8 ; and the "no sos e common water w=mts and.l.c=Wk are effect" levels for which no adverse symptoms ap-ored. The cited corrosion rates were 99 IFom = sight loss data of AISI 3010 steel coupons yeared range from 2400 to 1500 mg l-8. To put these exo numbers la perspective, typical"so effect" lewis for using a laboratory Immersion test. Some refereness to DDT residosa and chromates are 091 and so m 1-8 the toalcity of molybdenum and its composeds are givca, and the results from a noest taalcity test es sospectively.
De #srure ofMoMdste frMMrAsa - A descriptios Sab and Ash food are summarised. A neently, :; _ '
of the inhibiting mechanasm of sodium molybdate la mechanism for molybdate inhibition is also asentioned.
simulated cooling waters was sesently suggested.88 Then iron oorTodes, molybdate anions,is competitica marut.13 AND DscsNMoM with other saloos, adsorb to fbeza a moo-protective Nefy64aism est Taatecy. - For mesy years, eomplea with iron (u). Doe to dissolved oxygen, the smolybdeaum and its compounds have been used is iron (n) is oxidised to the (is) state, and the fron(s)-
steels, fertihacrs, pigments, catalysts, lubriesmes, ser-molybdate complea transforms to tron (ut) molybdate rosion inhibitors, enramics, metal surface seentments, which is both lasoluble and protective la asutral and and 1sboratory sangents wkh no record of fadastrial basic waters. This protectin Ela may be more com-poisoning.8' Molybdeams composeds han been pies than simple iros(ui) molybdate la that it probably cham /.sd as non-tonic in U.S. Public Health also contains iroo(s) onldes. The eventual serumula-Bulletin 293;88 by the Federal Hazardous Substsames tion of a double layerinersases the protectos afforded Labeling Actt'* and by the OccupstJonal Safety and by the Alm. Films formed is the authors' study es l
Health Act.8' Molybdensa has beca focad to be a during potentledynamic polarisatios esperiments i
micronutriest essential to plant, salm'al, and banas sure too thin for the presence of molybdenum to be life.*** Its compounds have been used la medical abowa. Molybdeous was focad, however, by electros tnatmeats,88 ** and are widely prescribed la vitamin saleroprobe analyses in simDar, relatively thick Alms and aniseral mixtures. A roccat acute toxicity study developed by simply lausersing iron la sodium with aiac and alcium moly'bdate palot smeau molybdate solutions for longer times.
abooed they an not toxic.'8 ' soluble so since mehbonte inwu hv adenradaa arher ~n.
used as corrosion lahibitors, were declared" to have adsorbed anions evnas shiria are competitive and gible toxicity,and the New astremelylow or even yd ' that sodium molybdate is can interfere Mth the formst on or a emive afm Tais necessinates the use of more molyt tss to pro:ect Drug lastitute reportesonaderably less irritatlag than sodios dachromate steel is typical cooling waters 11... required for and that it presests so tiermat or local hasard.
The sensitivity of typical Ash amid Ash food to protection la distilled water I, arr oxidisfag asents, la the absence af oxygen sodium mol bdate was the sub*pect of recent acute the molybdate anios doer -
- as labibitor.The toxicity tests ' gorducted under static bioassay coa-eerstion of cooling wat.-
suf5ehrt oxygea ditions according' to the Fish Bioassay Procedure forlahibition,but strocente owWisesagosttsAould be prescribed la the 1970 edition of "stsadard Methods
r'sc useluin m Moly water ties'.mca u
1 Part b Economics /environmentd considerations Part I of this report socrsssed recent ItC veloprnenth in rnolybrhlt'
- NI C
P s' W T'4 -
i
[ * ' h M
'd
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I
% Row cost-eMeCtfYe
.s Newly developed Water l'eatmt 't! p' -
grams must provide p.a"its wth Cost
.U' M t *N,
4 pp.y g<.,,.
9 e'teClive resJt's Dunng the pa :t nevern'
-@ *-. > /Qf
.N-q.,
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years. a Senes of favorab e tecnnological 9'*"Wi,rg
",Q Q,]@ f W M'8 Supps auntsh(kappsiisfnecrochir, g, *f J0og, ChannsicadWeM* g'g p," '
7.50oM-I developments has ensb ed water tret.rs, erit
- 6, supphers to fom1 state mo'yedo'e betrY!
a "TT
- G
'. ;,;t <. *f f
Corros'o*i nh.D tors that aiva' everi norganiC a,aani.;g 'Asoog phoSonate proQra*s o terms of cost-b;bw
),
1 ;.
.3 3 etteCtrveness Weiernoetomenreampeg 4
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Tne develooment of syne *gistic oienes scud (mamrnerus4 h,j, q
[4gd.y
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. y..
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ir1Corporatirlf additicra[inliblots but l cis 7
g has allowed water treatmCnt supo'irrn to W ndrin0*WM M
< < ' dn,..
- r. '
w v wrc uw m.e. y wa,,n wt s.C tr'C,
....y?.,..
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s..,
W fj j$,
hM f
- 7 j(( g>g signitcant y recuce the molybdate Conce.
n 9
- ,,i pd dgt,
ty'J.jt,
traten As such, newer ric ybdate irihiDitori f:
U
. -e nt.2 m.-
s,
,.v a's oesigned to oporate wth mo'yedste resdua s of 4 6 rrg/1 (as Mo0.) themcY rescucing overa1 operstng cost antecate a need to oeveioo regulations providag '" proved cost over OVer p'o-In Summary, the US6 of molybdat0 based des.gned to Cont ol the emisson motyDdate grams cg.,oston inh:0: tors in Cochng water ap from Comfort Coolog towe's.
In the adjoerNeg tatJc. chemicn! costs pcstoris by even the most costconscious Aouetsc Touucify-The sensWvi y of t
have been Ca!Cu'.a'ed on a dollar per makon picrt?. Should no longer De hmited by many fres5 water and marine organisms to pounds of DC*oown Desrb so ComperISoris 8 C onomeC Co15<derations.
sodium moiyDdate has been the subtect of Can De mace A:though it may rat.a3y ap-Molytsdate acomptable numerous acute tonscity tests in the tests, pear !%a! ZnC/ Chromate offers substr n' Our ng the past two decades, environ-which were CondvCled in aCCordance wth i
cost advantages many plants must uss mentf Consiotratioris have become in-estabershed static assay procedu'es. the acid to control pH leve:s and teec sup-e,usin0ly empor'et in the oevelopment 96-hour "LC," (level at which 96 hours0.00111 days <br />0.0267 hours <br />1.587302e-4 weeks <br />3.6528e-5 months <br />
- piemental d.soersants to enhie t oepositen anc appheate, of cooling water treatment exposure tu1s 50%of the subsects) anc "no prngrams Manyindustna facskteeshave effect" levels were determined for sodium eeen reQueec to d,isst' catty reduce or even mczyedste oihydrate n waters containng W W Cost Mmenale discharges of chromium, and in Common ind.Cator fish and atsoc.ated food some tr stances zinc residuals. to tne sur sources Comparatrve 96 hour0.00111 days <br />0.0267 hours <br />1.587302e-4 weeks <br />3.6528e-5 months <br /> LCu data Chencel sovrid ng 4% ate environment indicate that sodium molybdate es at least (4/msikon Itps.
M mod.lci the EDA has been coseiy twenty five and one-thousana times less of Wowcown) evnk,8!ng chromium as a potentia?y toJde tosuc towards rainbow trout and daphnia.
s<r po1utant The agency recently reessed respectuviy.tnam its chromate analog 4 of @laribnary dratt of propo6ed regulations GovernmentBfAegudetons-Besides cJ'hnng its desire to efecate an the CWA. additional eneronmenta:
un'caSonable hes:tt' risk by proherting the assessments goveming the V8e o'so@um Y
I*
v3e of Chromate based inhibitors O Combrt malybdate in coolmg water applica!!ons 10-W O D"S""U cou'eN water syste ns 11is empected that etude the Safe Drinking Wate Act (SDWA)
O tae EPA wdl use tne provtssons of tne Toxre of 1974. We Tomac Substances Control Act y$
Substances Control Act (TSCA) to make the (TSCN of 1976, the Resource Conserva*cn Molyboate/HEDP/
suu re 1, of Chromatecased corroson in-and Aeoovery Act (ACRA) of 1976 and the Anoi,gne is1 Motybdale! Phosphonate hoitors liable for program compliance.
Cortprehensive Ertvironmental Response tiend/Aroie t51 Heaffn R#s-Although chemcatty Liability Act (Seerfund)of 1980 As outhned MeycossemEDPeAroie 140 classfied as a hoay meta:,moyDdenum in these statutes, wt'wCh stnctly regulate the exhc is low or even neghg@e toscity in tse of desposal chemeals witNn the United s
tact. numerous stud es have shown that States, motyboste is not hsted as a formation The sostcraiexper ses molybdenum has impo*tance as a trace re9Visted mobrW sesoCred w th scid purerwws, nnedi.vy everient wt the normal g'owth and develop-g o,,, i,,,,,,ge,,, 3,,,,,,,,, 3,,,
feed equement and manpower eeovire ment of certan forms of piant and animal me,e cwnee, Co.es v. w.erww we ments, reduce the discreparities m Me Con 6e ence Pittste.hmmew iss?
operatng cost between zncichrorreste in acet on, oespr'e tne wioespreac in-treatments and a-temative orogramt.
dustris: ute of molybdenum, no instance of so obtain a reprint of the com#cte Furthermore, as comprehensive one-ndustria' person:ng oy these c9emca:s has report f#Iour and refum the encesed care drum approaches to Coohng water tmnt-ever Deen reovted Motyboenom Com.
ment, molyboate tormulatons use pounos are also classified as nonionic in Ornaz wofcomes confrabusons from other sequesterants ano despersants to minnwe U S Heeftn Bulletn 293. by the Federal coo /np waterprofessonals fouirng by metal osces anc ha coess sets Naroous Suos ance Laoeing Act and by Alease wrtre This also extenos the product s optimum the Occupatonal Satety and Heaftn Act.
Coofing Water Topies pH range and allows systo ns to coe' ate at vo'eover. no molybdenum compounds ap 55 Raitroed Avenue. PO Bos f 700 higher cycles of concentrates morneng pese n a conc'ehensrve lising as suspect Greenwch. CT 06836 9990 water and chemcal consumoton rates and carcinogeris and the EPA does not Todophone. 203-629 6474 D. #
...COfttfOl system (coen epompape ej w
Many devotopmens sopear over a year's etain maarnum compressor energy affe-The success of the 4timleer rests on Smemat don't make headhnes Butinree ciency Enter the compuir.
two besc software sets. The first set
- MRinty unsung c@,
- 4. provice the The 8400/B700 Optimiser ftom Cueb figures condensing effcier cy under ch::ng.
, snoet stable caderphnings for growin in the Thomas mnimizes refrigeraton energy ing weather conditions and various air and poppgenerationindustry regardless of load changes The Optimiser water flows: the second tracks compressor
? One saangle is the interest,n converes the Condenstng requirements effciency at various refngeratton outpuls, coneutmI9rovioed ermronmetalrisk (load) to the avalable condereng capacity condensing tenveratures, and sucten
, tessegments and audit services that grew pressures.
Data from a given feelhty are pro.
thale9ythroughout 1987. They ohen are
,,,,. casi i., %.-am grammedinto the software, and then
, WAcred to he$ moderately sted industret t.aw c
C""
cortplemas conform to environmental sensors are petwided for air terrpersture, docharge pressure,andchi8edwater
/, fugulaiens by prtmdng gudence on aw -
monitoring water, air and sohd wastes-temperature. The Optimeer offers three w-main controloptons:
. jThenewS@erfund Amendments and h Act @MA) demands thet
- drect fan and pump motor star 1er con-
"~
enom1ous volumes of paperwork be pro.
- trof, e interisco with programmable conr Ylded by industry to all govemment levels.
Unsee most emort industrial companies.
- trollers, tie typioel power plant is usuary started to c.-
- enchange of data with an energy heniSe to twists and tums of regulatory
)
management system whim.
4*-
An allorglehte impostment When a complete pockege(includng
. 'Rach mejor facildies can and do condensing. aucten, and motor controts) tieneftt from consuRaton wrth ndependent was added to the 800 hp load at a food erwironmental advisors, who can be con.
n.
.traceed to advise on all or specifc areas processng plant, the resuR was an annual savings of $123.000-a.
-,..w..e At te very loest.a checkilst of steps i
pe)back.
'= w ** ' =
6-
+a tebe taken in an environmental survey Otherindustnes enjoyng substant' te
. should be set down tor orderty implementa.
,,,, r savings include phermecoutcal, plastcs, ten.
semconductor, chemcal, brewery, and
.* Water treatment applicatens fagure hoevtly M current Ermronmental Protecten (weatner), and then selects the most automotMie manufactunng plants as wen as Jtgency $m) power plant emosons limita.
energy 4ficent csscharge pressure and the coldstorage faciirtes exact airtwater ficws to acheveit
_sne,neers peest sons, fior exampio, orgencratens are under penseure 10 mahtam permsstile levels of ottence in effluents To reduce the potental
- tar conformance probems, some plants
,,, Upggg, geannny,cf pg,,,,,,y heee been 3@stituing bromane chemetty pnate ycb need for your program.The mdhon pounds of bioindown tor the
,% herem hmis areawasobvous bongs two benefits-the potentist for ess privilege, danngme 1987 Imomatonal Water louing whchmeanslessdowntime-- and What does it buy you? No environmental Conierence. In one partcularly interestog a hver raw of cancharge of algse-sowy advantage, actualy-costurn-pepw; *' Bromine Chemrstry, an Aftemative proncing phospham ' e es wronnwnt.
megaten mveam het nem nchbdate.
n
'13 DecNonnelen h Cooing Water and Aso, no noy.nclusswo testnwnt is less based fctniuletons nutch,and mn se h Dem%ction"byJE. Aseman 8"*d've to fluctuatons in pH and pass, the 3Borganc blends in reducing of Purdue Universdy and JC.Conioy and temperature, while the por>moy treatment environmental hazards. And, he aEorgenc M PWag WGem W ChemicalCorp,
mQuimsvwy Cbee conpodof bomtacers gproecnleeves you wde open to PRing beamine treatment of cooling water was That control costs money to natall, man-conosen, agenst which it is rotorcuety downedcomeWeetw and wmronmentaW
n and emercoe.
eeMeettve.
sound Nat, erslook at 24We Fnesy,eere's me pnce leader,zhc/
e The1menos W ainereture search of blend treatments n comparisonto mo y chromote-a realbargain at $53 per 64 stases shows pet fun normMy ruesin plus HEDP plus azole. Cost of a zinct phos-rrulhon pounds of blowdown. But R cartes tartunes is seldom toes tnan 10 percent.
phonate program e estirreted at $134 per certain heden costs. In additon to its This Sectric Power flisesarch Instrtute of.
mihion pounds of blowdown, compared to known tonicRy and sinngent EPA reguis-
'getwas aimed a detsmining whomer vie
$1a0 tor molyfHEOPlazole-agen a $6 tons hm4ng its use,there are tne hazards pwernage could be lowwod 2 meet and the empenses(as the Drew authors etterence.
tughw mguttry demands is it wortn a? Once again you're buying point out) assocated with rnaintainihg an h of men woundturbnes was water treatment s best p8tteg protecten.
acicHeed system to control the pH of the toundatotw momcomenocove mers You're buying another khd et ensurarce, system.
> of momeig govunmental-agency spected too No metter how stringent your control Defore you make any dececns, con-
' morWhy rues. Fheings based on wie tur-system may be,fauvres at pumps and seer the fnet cost of tressed wetw. Ask aprehwe signmeant-(9Thee o a
- 888* h 8'*"'*" **" **d""*
- "' ***' **"aC* ***8*"Y *' 8*'*"8 8
- matedowreignonhoweenowi-a suoden change h pH antWor temperature about the rn&lensis we've mentoned. Then W bhde Mand feh morteiltyser me Francis turtune design, but whch me mo4Mahmgy a eey 2 coces tw yoursef.
Ih Edsor's No.te. As we go to press. #w EPA E
he
,0 a, c he.rng. a wate.ed,tew
.,,, _,,,,,u,,,,e,w,,, s,ee,
,estm.msa supposoot-on
"' ""*" h*88 58 ** * *h 00*9
- 9**'*" **"""8 #* * # Ch' **** "
a,nd toww opwatng encioney toth iend to
$211 gwr mrt!cn pounds at blowdown-a#comfortcocenglowers Ceonng water
,,,,,,,,,,,y-they shoundi if you re using anorgene Too6es wsntport on ausimporent new
- pip.er inpreenny you're paying a premsum of at Jesst $60 per repudatory activity kt me neartissue i
st'il k -
TOTAL P.22